The Joint Agency Commercial Imagery Evaluation (JACIE) is a collaboration between five Federal agencies that are major users and producers of satellite land remote sensing data. In recent years, the JACIE group has observed ever-increasing numbers of remote sensing satellites being launched. This rapidly growing wave of new systems creates a need for a single reference for land remote sensing satellites that provides basic system specifications and linkage to any JACIE assessment that may have been completed on existing systems. This volume has been assembled by the Requirements, Capabilities, and Analysis for Earth Observation Project under the U.S. Geological Survey National Land Imaging Program as a contribution to the JACIE community. This is the second edition of the JACIE compendium, which is planned to be updated and released annually.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1468","isbn":"978-1-4113-4375-7","collaboration":"In collaboration with Joint Agency Commercial Imagery Evaluation","usgsCitation":"Ramaseri Chandra, S.N., Christopherson, J.B., and Casey, K.A., 2020, 2020 Joint Agency Commercial Imagery Evaluation—Remote sensing satellite compendium (ver. 1.1, October 2020): U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1468, 253 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1468. [Supersedes USGS Circular 1455.]","productDescription":"xiii, 253 p.","numberOfPages":"272","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-118140","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":379042,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1468/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":379043,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1468/cir1468.pdf","text":"Report","size":"18.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Circular 1468"},{"id":379044,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1468/versionHist.txt","text":"Version History","size":"1.69 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"Circular 1468 Version History"}],"edition":"Version 1.0: September 2020; Version 1.1: October 2020","contact":"Director, Earth Resources Observation and Science Center (EROS)
U.S. Geological Survey
47914 252nd Street
Sioux Falls, SD 57198
Light attraction impacts nocturnally active fledgling seabirds worldwide and is a particularly acute problem on Kaua‘i (the northern-most island in the main Hawaiian Island archipelago) for the Critically Endangered Newell’s shearwater Puffinus newelli. The Save Our Shearwaters (SOS) program was created in 1979 to address this issue and to date has recovered and released to sea more than 30500 fledglings. Although the value of the program for animal welfare is clear, as birds cannot simply be left to die, no evaluation exists to inform post-release survival. We used satellite transmitters to track 38 fledglings released by SOS and compared their survival rates (assessed by tag transmission duration) to those of 12 chicks that fledged naturally from the mountains of Kaua‘i. Wild fledglings transmitted longer than SOS birds, and SOS birds with longer rehabilitation periods transmitted for a shorter duration than birds released immediately or rehabilitated for only 1 d. Although transmitter durations from grounded fledglings were shorter (indicating impacts to survivorship), some SOS birds did survive and dispersed out to sea. All surviving birds (wild and SOS) traveled more than 2000 km to the southwest of Kaua‘i, where they concentrated mostly in the North Pacific Equatorial Countercurrent Province, revealing a large-scale annual post-breeding aggregation zone for fledgling Newell’s shearwaters. While there was reduced survival among birds undergoing rehabilitation, SOS remains an important contribution toward the conservation of Newell’s shearwater because a proportion of released birds do indeed survive. However, light attraction, the root cause of fallout, remains a serious unresolved issue on Kaua’i.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/esr01051","usgsCitation":"Raine, A.F., Anderson, T., Vynne, M., Driskill, S., Raine, H., and Adams, J., 2020, Post-release survival of fallout Newell’s Shearwater fledglings from a rescue and rehabilitation program on Kauai, Hawaii: Endangered Species Research, v. 43, p. 39-50, https://doi.org/10.3354/esr01051.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"39","endPage":"50","ipdsId":"IP-113985","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455416,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/esr01051","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":378513,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kaua'i","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -159.42535400390625,\n 21.85894964541746\n ],\n [\n -159.312744140625,\n 21.98889508056919\n ],\n [\n -159.29351806640625,\n 22.177231792821342\n ],\n [\n -159.4061279296875,\n 22.245886579877187\n ],\n [\n -159.58740234375,\n 22.24080219246335\n ],\n [\n -159.74395751953125,\n 22.1543394041216\n ],\n [\n -159.80987548828125,\n 22.01945321869661\n ],\n [\n -159.73846435546872,\n 21.94559311863436\n ],\n [\n -159.61212158203125,\n 21.88443848692486\n ],\n [\n -159.42535400390625,\n 21.85894964541746\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"43","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Raine, Andre F.","contributorId":216439,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Raine","given":"Andre","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":39425,"text":"Kaua`i Endangered Seabird Recovery Project, Hanapepe, Kaua`i, Hawai’i, United States of America","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Tracy","contributorId":240846,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Tracy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48148,"text":"Save Our Shearwaters, Humane Society, 3-825 Kaumualii Hwy, Lihue, Hawai‘i, USA 96766","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vynne, Megan","contributorId":240847,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vynne","given":"Megan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48151,"text":"Kauaʻi Endangered Seabird Recovery Project (KESRP), Pacific Cooperative Studies Unit (PCSU), University of Hawai‘i and Division of Forestry and Wildlife, State of Hawai‘i Department of Land and Natural Resources, Hawai‘i, USA 96741","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Driskill, Scott","contributorId":240848,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Driskill","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48151,"text":"Kauaʻi Endangered Seabird Recovery Project (KESRP), Pacific Cooperative Studies Unit (PCSU), University of Hawai‘i and Division of Forestry and Wildlife, State of Hawai‘i Department of Land and Natural Resources, Hawai‘i, USA 96741","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Raine, Helen","contributorId":240849,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Raine","given":"Helen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Adams, Josh 0000-0003-3056-925X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3056-925X","contributorId":213442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Josh","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70214308,"text":"70214308 - 2020 - Wetland and hydric soils","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-25T14:44:59.202174","indexId":"70214308","displayToPublicDate":"2020-09-03T09:39:50","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"6","title":"Wetland and hydric soils","docAbstract":"Soil and the inherent biogeochemical processes in wetlands contrast starkly with those in upland forests and rangelands. The differences stem from extended periods of anoxia, or the lack of oxygen in the soil, that characterize wetland soils; in contrast, upland soils are nearly always oxic. As a result, wetland soil biogeochemistry is characterized by anaerobic processes, and wetland vegetation exhibits specific adaptations to grow under these conditions. However, many wetlands may also have periods during the year where the soils are unsaturated and aerated. This fluctuation between aerated and nonaerated soil conditions, along with the specialized vegetation, gives rise to a wide variety of highly valued ecosystem services.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Forest and rangeland soils of the United States under changing conditions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-45216-2_6","usgsCitation":"Trettin, C., Kolka, R., Marsh, A., Bansal, S., Lilleskov, E., Megonigal, P., Stelk, M., Lockaby, G., D'Amore, D., MacKenzie, R.A., Tangen, B., Chimner, R.A., and Gries, J., 2020, Wetland and hydric soils, chap. 6 of Forest and rangeland soils of the United States under changing conditions, p. 99-126, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45216-2_6.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"99","endPage":"126","ipdsId":"IP-094785","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455419,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45216-2_6","text":"Publisher Index 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2020 - Detection and measurement of land subsidence and uplift using Global Positioning System surveys and interferometric synthetic aperture radar, Coachella Valley, California, 2010–17","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-04T12:33:02.543434","indexId":"sir20205093","displayToPublicDate":"2020-09-03T09:24:30","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2020-5093","displayTitle":"Detection and Measurement of Land Subsidence and Uplift Using Global Positioning System Surveys and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar, Coachella Valley, California, 2010–17","title":"Detection and measurement of land subsidence and uplift using Global Positioning System surveys and interferometric synthetic aperture radar, Coachella Valley, California, 2010–17","docAbstract":"Groundwater has been a major source of agricultural, recreational, municipal, and domestic supply in the Coachella Valley of California since the early 1920s. Pumping of groundwater resulted in groundwater-level declines as large as 50 feet (ft) or 15 meters (m) by the late 1940s. Because of concerns that the declines could cause land subsidence, the Coachella Valley Water District (CVWD) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) have cooperatively investigated subsidence in the Coachella Valley since 1996.
Importation of Colorado River water to the southern Coachella Valley began in 1949, resulting in a reduction in groundwater pumping and a recovery of groundwater levels during the 1950s through the 1970s. Since the late 1970s, the demand for water in the valley increased to the point that groundwater levels again declined in response to increased pumping and, consequently, increased the potential for land subsidence caused by aquifer-system compaction. Several management actions to increase recharge or to reduce reliance on groundwater have been implemented since as early as 1973 to address overdraft in the Coachella Valley. The implementation of three particular projects has markedly improved groundwater conditions in some of the historically most overdrafted areas of the valley: (1) groundwater substitution with surface-water imports since 2006 using Colorado River water through the Mid-Valley Pipeline project, which was expanded through 2017; (2) budget-based, tiered rates since 2009; and (3) managed aquifer recharge at the Thomas E. Levy Groundwater Replenishment Facility since 2009.
Global Positioning System (GPS) surveying and interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) methods were used to determine the location, extent, and magnitude of the vertical land-surface changes in the Coachella Valley during 2010–17, updating 1993–2010 information presented in previous USGS reports. The GPS measurements taken at 24 geodetic monuments in August 2010 and September 2015 indicated that the land-surface elevation was stable at 17 monuments but changed at seven monuments during the 5-year period. Subsidence ranged from 0.17 to 0.43 ±0.09 ft (52 to 132 ±28 millimeters, or mm) at three monuments, and uplift ranged from 0.11 to 0.18 ±0.09 ft (33 to 54 ±28 mm) at four monuments between 2010 and 2015. At two of the monuments that subsided, the subsidence rates decreased between 2010 and 2015 from those computed between 2005 and 2010. Data prior to 2010 were not available for the third monument that subsided; thus, the 2010–15 subsidence rate could not be compared to an earlier period. At three of the monuments that uplifted between 2010 and 2015, data collected in 2005 and 2010 indicated stability. Data prior to 2010 were not available for the fourth monument that uplifted; thus, the 2010–15 uplift rate could not be compared to an earlier period.
InSAR analyses for December 28, 2014–June 27, 2017, indicated that the land surface uplifted as much as about 0.20 ft (60 mm) near the Whitewater River Groundwater Replenishment Facility in the northern Coachella Valley and subsided as much as about 0.26 ft (80 mm) in the La Quinta area and less in Palm Desert, Indian Wells, and other localized areas in the southern Coachella Valley. These areas were identified as subsidence areas in previous reports covering periods during 1993–2010. The comparison of 2014–17 subsidence rates with those derived for 1995–2010 generally indicated a substantial slowing of subsidence, however. Analyses of deformation in the northern Coachella Valley were not included in the previous reports, so a comparison to deformation during the earlier period could not be made.
Water levels in wells near the subsiding geodetic monuments, in and near the three subsiding areas shown by InSAR, and throughout the valley generally indicated seasonal fluctuations and longer-term stability or rising groundwater levels since about 2010. These results mark a reversal in trends of groundwater-level declines during the preceding decades. This trend reversal provides new insights into aquifer-system mechanics. Although many areas have stopped subsiding, and a few have even uplifted, the few areas that did subside during 2010–17—albeit at a slower rate—indicate a mixed aquifer-system response. Subsidence when groundwater levels are stable or recovering indicates that residual compaction may have occurred. At the same time, coarse-grained materials and thin aquitards may have expanded as groundwater levels recovered. The continued valley-wide stabilization and recovery of groundwater levels since 2010 likely is a result of various projects designed to increase recharge or to reduce reliance on groundwater.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20205093","collaboration":"Water Availability and Use Science ProgramDirector, California Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6000 J Street, Placer Hall
Sacramento, California 95819
The COVID-19 pandemic highlights the substantial public health, economic, and societal consequences of virus spillover from a wildlife reservoir. Widespread human transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) also presents a new set of challenges when considering viral spillover from people to naïve wildlife and other animal populations. The establishment of new wildlife reservoirs for SARS-CoV-2 would further complicate public health control measures and could lead to wildlife health and conservation impacts. Given the likely bat origin of SARS-CoV-2 and related beta-coronaviruses (β-CoVs), free-ranging bats are a key group of concern for spillover from humans back to wildlife. Here, we review the diversity and natural host range of β-CoVs in bats and examine the risk of humans inadvertently infecting free-ranging bats with SARS-CoV-2. Our review of the global distribution and host range of β-CoV evolutionary lineages suggests that 40+ species of temperate-zone North American bats could be immunologically naïve and susceptible to infection by SARS-CoV-2. We highlight an urgent need to proactively connect the wellbeing of human and wildlife health during the current pandemic and to implement new tools to continue wildlife research while avoiding potentially severe health and conservation impacts of SARS-CoV-2 \"spilling back\" into free-ranging bat populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","doi":"10.1371/journal.ppat.1008758","usgsCitation":"Olival, K.J., Cryan, P.M., Amman, B.R., Baric, R.S., Blehert, D.S., Brook, C.E., Calisher, C.H., Castle, K.T., Coleman, J.T., Daszak, P., Epstein, J.H., Field, H., Frick, W.F., Gilbert, A.T., Hayman, D.T., Ip, S., Karesh, W.B., Johnson, C., Kading, R.C., Kingston, T., Lorch, J.M., Mendenhall, I.H., Peel, A.J., Phelps, K.L., Plowright, R.K., Reeder, D.M., Reichard, J., Sleeman, J.M., Streicker, D.G., Towner, J.S., and Wang, L., 2020, Possibility for reverse zoonotic transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to free-ranging wildlife: A case study of bats: PLoS Pathogens, v. 9, no. 16, e1008758, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1008758.","productDescription":"e1008758, 19 p.","ipdsId":"IP-118440","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":29789,"text":"John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455426,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1008758","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436799,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9U461PJ","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data Release: Possibility for reverse zoonotic transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to free-ranging wildlife: a case study of bats"},{"id":378304,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-09-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olival, Kevin J.","contributorId":143712,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olival","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":7118,"text":"EcoHealth Alliance","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cryan, Paul M. 0000-0002-2915-8894 cryanp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2915-8894","contributorId":147942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cryan","given":"Paul","email":"cryanp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":798192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Amman, Brian R.","contributorId":148015,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amman","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":16974,"text":"US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baric, Ralph S. 0000-0002-4726-2361","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4726-2361","contributorId":225370,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baric","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7043,"text":"University of North Carolina","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Blehert, David S. 0000-0002-1065-9760 dblehert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1065-9760","contributorId":140397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blehert","given":"David","email":"dblehert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":798194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brook, Cara E. 0000-0003-4276-073X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4276-073X","contributorId":225371,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brook","given":"Cara","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":13243,"text":"University of California Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Calisher, Charles H. 0000-0003-0213-294X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0213-294X","contributorId":225372,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Calisher","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":36621,"text":"University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Castle, Kevin T. 0000-0003-0583-2853","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0583-2853","contributorId":225373,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Castle","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":41089,"text":"Wildlife Veterinary Consulting","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Coleman, Jeremy T. 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watershed","docAbstract":"Flooding, excessive sedimentation, and high bacteria counts are among the most challenging water resource issues affecting the Upper Roanoke River watershed. These issues threaten public safety, impair the watershed’s living resources, and threaten drinking water supplies, though mitigation is costly and difficult to manage.
Urban development, land disturbance, and changing climatic patterns continue to challenge watershed managers who are tasked with protecting and improving the water quality of the Upper Roanoke River watershed. The U.S. Geological Survey helps watershed managers meet these demands by providing high-quality data and analyses designed to inform watershed restoration activities.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20203040","usgsCitation":"Webber, J., and Jastram, J., 2020, Science to support water-resource management in the upper Roanoke River watershed: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2020-3040, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20203040.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-117852","costCenters":[{"id":37280,"text":"Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center ","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":378117,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2020/3040/coverthb.gif"},{"id":378118,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2020/3040/fs20203040.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.78 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2020-3040"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Upper Roanoke River watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.88409423828125,\n 36.97622678464096\n ],\n [\n -79.62890625,\n 36.96525497589677\n ],\n [\n -79.61517333984375,\n 37.42906945530332\n ],\n [\n -80.39245605468749,\n 37.461778479617486\n ],\n [\n -80.88409423828125,\n 36.97622678464096\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1730 East Parham Road
Richmond, VA 23228
This report describes and defines GeMS (for Geologic Map Schema), a new standardized database schema—that is, a database design—for the digital publication of geologic maps. It originally was intended for geologic mapping funded by the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program of the U.S. Geological Survey, but its use can be extended to other programs and agencies as well. It is intended to bridge the gap between traditional geologic mapping and GIS communities at an operational level.
GeMS provides for the encoding in digital form of the content contained in individual geologic maps published by the U.S. Geological Survey and by state geological surveys. The design is focused on the publication, transfer, and archiving of map data and less on the creation of map data, the visual representation of map data, or the compilation of data from many different map sources.
Although GeMS is designed for a single-map database, it also is intended to provide a stepping stone toward the development of multiple-map databases, in particular the National Geologic Map Database. The database design contained herein will significantly promote that goal. All questions or comments about GeMS should be directed via email to gems@usgs.gov.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm11B10","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program, 2020, GeMS (Geologic Map Schema)—A standard format for the digital publication of geologic maps: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 11, chap. B10, 74 p., https://doi.org//10.3133/tm11B10.","productDescription":"vi, 74 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-090965","costCenters":[{"id":412,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":378122,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/11b10/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":378123,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/11b10/tm11b10.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"TM 11B10"}],"contact":"Please email gems@usgs.gov or
The National Geologic Map Database
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, Mail Stop 908
Reston, VA 20192
Successful river restoration requires understanding and integration of multiple disciplinary perspectives, including evaluations of past and ongoing watershed processes, local geomorphic response, and impacts unique to human activity. Nowhere is this more apparent than along the Merced River in Yosemite National Park, USA, where both an outstanding natural landscape and the consequences of over a century of human disturbances continue to interact. An intact upstream watershed highlights the importance here of local impacts on geomorphic response. Incision and the resulting decoupling of the channel from its adjacent late-Holocene floodplain are consequences of reduced channel roughness, likely from de-snagging the river, and instream gravel mining in the 19th and early 20th century. Riparian-zone disturbance by visitor use has damaged riparian vegetation and soils, inducing channel widening. Revetments and channel-spanning bridges, the latter being visible and oft-cited impacts to fluvial processes, have distorted the natural evolution of meanders and induced local channel narrowing. The historical rate of sediment export from Yosemite Valley has greatly exceeded replenishment from upstream and lateral sources, creating a deficit that now inhibits recovery via passive restoration of more natural channel form and function. Climate change may amplify now-diminished fluvial processes but also exacerbate the rate of sediment export. These conditions, reflecting a complex intersection of geologic history, modern geomorphic processes, and human interactions, demonstrate how a limited influx of sediment coupled with intensive human use can have long-term consequences for riverine conditions, restoration opportunities, and social engagement with the riverine landscape.
Operational earthquake forecasts (OEFs) are represented as time‐dependent probabilities of future earthquake hazard and risk. These probabilities can be presented in a variety of formats, including tables, maps, and text‐based scenarios. In countries such as Aotearoa New Zealand, the U.S., and Japan, OEFs have been released by scientific organizations to agencies and the public, with the intent of providing information about future earthquake hazard and risk, so that people can use this information to inform their decisions and activities. Despite questions being raised about the utility of OEF for decision‐making, past earthquake events have shown that agencies and the public have indeed made use of such forecasts. Responses have included making decisions about safe access into buildings, cordoning, demolition safety, timing of infrastructure repair and rebuild, insurance, postearthquake building standards, postevent land‐use planning, and public communication about aftershocks. To add to this body of knowledge, we undertook a survey to investigate how agencies and GNS Science staff used OEFs that were communicated following the Mw 7.8 2016 Kaikōura earthquake in Aotearoa New Zealand. We found that agencies utilized OEFs in many of the ways listed previously, and we document individual employee’s actions taken in their home‐life context. Challenges remain, however, regarding the interpretation of probabilistic information and applying this to practical decision‐making. We suggest that science agencies cannot expect nontechnical users to understand and utilize forecasts without additional support. This might include developing a diversity of audience‐relevant OEF information for communication purposes, alongside advice on how such information could be utilized.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0220190354","usgsCitation":"Becker, J., Potter, S., McBride, S., Hudson-Doyle, E.E., Gerstenberger, M., and Christopherson, A., 2020, Forecasting for a fractured land: A case study of the communication and use of aftershock forecasts from the Mw 7.8 2016 Kaikōura earthquake in Aotearoa New Zealand: Seismological Research Letters, v. 91, no. 6, p. 3343-3357, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220190354.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"3343","endPage":"3357","ipdsId":"IP-118991","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":378560,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"New Zealand","otherGeospatial":"northern part of South Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 172.0458984375,\n -43.43696596521823\n ],\n [\n 174.61669921875,\n -43.43696596521823\n ],\n [\n 174.61669921875,\n -40.413496049701955\n ],\n [\n 172.0458984375,\n -40.413496049701955\n ],\n [\n 172.0458984375,\n -43.43696596521823\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"91","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-09-02","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Becker, Julia S.","contributorId":217541,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Becker","given":"Julia S.","affiliations":[{"id":36277,"text":"GNS Science","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Potter, Sally H.","contributorId":217521,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Potter","given":"Sally H.","affiliations":[{"id":36277,"text":"GNS Science","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McBride, Sara K. 0000-0002-8062-6542","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8062-6542","contributorId":206933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McBride","given":"Sara K.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hudson-Doyle, Emma E. 0000-0002-2878-0972","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2878-0972","contributorId":240959,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hudson-Doyle","given":"Emma","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":13571,"text":"Massey University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gerstenberger, Matthew","contributorId":217542,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gerstenberger","given":"Matthew","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36277,"text":"GNS Science","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Christopherson, Anne-Marie 0000-0003-1467-1414","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1467-1414","contributorId":240961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christopherson","given":"Anne-Marie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36277,"text":"GNS Science","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70212993,"text":"70212993 - 2020 - Mass mortality in freshwater mussels (Actinonaias pectorosa) in the Clinch River, USA, linked to a novel densovirus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-08T13:39:13.327559","indexId":"70212993","displayToPublicDate":"2020-09-02T06:55:35","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3358,"text":"Scientific Reports","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Mass mortality in freshwater mussels (Actinonaias pectorosa) in the Clinch River, USA, linked to a novel densovirus","title":"Mass mortality in freshwater mussels (Actinonaias pectorosa) in the Clinch River, USA, linked to a novel densovirus","docAbstract":"Freshwater mussels (order Unionida) are among the world’s most biodiverse but imperiled taxa. Recent unionid mass mortality events around the world threaten ecosystem services such as water filtration, nutrient cycling, habitat stabilization, and food web enhancement, but causes have remained elusive. To examine potential infectious causes of these declines, we studied mussels in Clinch River, Virginia and Tennessee, USA, where the endemic and once-predominant pheasantshell (Actinonaias pectorosa) has suffered precipitous declines since approximately 2016. Using metagenomics, we identified 17 novel viruses in Clinch River pheasantshells. However, only one virus, a novel densovirus (Parvoviridae; Densovirinae), was epidemiologically linked to morbidity. Clinch densovirus 1 was 11.2 times more likely to be found in cases (moribund mussels) than controls (apparently healthy mussels from the same or matched sites), and cases had 2.7 (log10) times higher viral loads than controls. Densoviruses cause lethal epidemic disease in invertebrates, including shrimp, cockroaches, crickets, moths, crayfish, and sea stars. Viral infection warrants consideration as a factor in unionid mass mortality events either as a direct cause, an indirect consequence of physiological compromise, or a factor interacting with other biological and ecological stressors to precipitate mortality.
Range expansion of American black bear (Ursus americanus; bear) and residential development has resulted in a growing presence of bear in suburbia. Suburban landscapes exhibiting patchworks of variable-sized parcels and habitats and owned by landowners with diverse values, can create large areas of suitable habitats with limited public access. These landscapes thereby may limit the effectiveness of hunting as a traditional bear population management tool. Managers require better information regarding suburban landowner attitudes regarding hunting before implementing changes intended to increase bear harvest to management populations. To address this need, in 2013, we surveyed landowners to identify properties that allowed bear hunting in three suburban areas of Pennsylvania where bear sightings have increased. We then used location data obtained for 29 bears equipped with global positioning system (GPS) transmitters from 2010 to 2012 to model their resource selection in the study area. We assessed the influence of hunting access, housing density, land cover, and topographic variables on radio-marked black bear monitored 10 days before, during, and after the bear hunting season. We found that resource selection of radio-marked bear was similar for all three periods and bears selected for forested land in all three seasons and herbaceous cover in the pre- and hunting periods. Resource selection by bears was not influenced by whether land was open or closed to hunting in the pre-hunting and hunting periods, but in the post-hunting period lands not open to hunting had support as the second-best model. All radio-marked bears in our study were vulnerable to harvest. However, they did not change resource selection during the hunting season nor did they avoid areas open to hunting. Integrating human dimension data with bear habitat use studies, especially in suburban landscapes, has the potential to address bear space use and population management needs often overlooked in traditional research designs.
","language":"English","doi":"10.26077/2af3-235d","usgsCitation":"Ahrestani, F.S., Ternent, M.A., Lovallo, M.J., and Walter, W., 2020, Resource use by American black bear in suburbia: A landholder step selection approach: Human-Wildlife Interactions, v. 14, no. 2, p. 216-227, https://doi.org/10.26077/2af3-235d.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"216","endPage":"227","ipdsId":"IP-093537","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":395256,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.5025634765625,\n 39.926588421909436\n ],\n [\n -75.421142578125,\n 39.926588421909436\n ],\n [\n -75.421142578125,\n 41.599013054830216\n ],\n [\n -79.5025634765625,\n 41.599013054830216\n ],\n [\n -79.5025634765625,\n 39.926588421909436\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ahrestani, Farshid S.","contributorId":208349,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ahrestani","given":"Farshid","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":37785,"text":"The Institute of Bird Populations","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ternent, Mark A.","contributorId":150194,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ternent","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6917,"text":"Wyoming Game and Fish Department, Laramie, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lovallo, Matthew J.","contributorId":200329,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lovallo","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":832539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Walter, W. David 0000-0003-3068-1073","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3068-1073","contributorId":219540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walter","given":"W. David","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":832446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70212558,"text":"tm7C25 - 2020 - Social Values for Ecosystem Services, version 4.0 (SolVES 4.0)—Documentation and user manual","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-01T23:35:48.070506","indexId":"tm7C25","displayToPublicDate":"2020-09-01T15:25:00","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"7-C25","displayTitle":"Social Values for Ecosystem Services, Version 4.0 (SolVES 4.0)—Documentation and User Manual","title":"Social Values for Ecosystem Services, version 4.0 (SolVES 4.0)—Documentation and user manual","docAbstract":"The geographic information system tool, Social Values for Ecosystem Services (SolVES), was developed to incorporate quantified and spatially explicit measures of social values into ecosystem service assessments. SolVES 4.0 provides an open-source version of SolVES, which was designed to assess, map, and quantify the social values of ecosystem services. Social values—the perceived, nonmarket values the public ascribes to ecosystem services, particularly cultural services, such as aesthetics and recreation—can be evaluated for various stakeholder groups. These groups are distinguishable by factors such as their attitudes and preferences regarding public uses (for example, motorized recreation and logging). As with previous versions, SolVES 4.0 derives a quantitative 10-point, social-values metric—the value index—from a combination of spatial and nonspatial responses to public value and preference surveys. The tool also calculates metrics characterizing the underlying environment, such as average distance to water and dominant landcover. SolVES 4.0 has been developed with Python using a QGIS user interface and a PostgreSQL database for required data. SolVES is integrated with Maxent maximum entropy modeling software to generate more complete social-value maps and offer robust statistical models describing the relation between the value index and explanatory environmental variables. A model’s goodness of fit to a primary study area and its potential performance in transferring social values to similar areas using value-transfer methods can be evaluated. SolVES 4.0 provides an improved open-source, public-domain tool for decision makers and researchers to evaluate the social values of ecosystem services and to facilitate discussions among diverse stakeholders regarding the tradeoffs among ecosystem services in a variety of biophysical and social contexts including mountain, forest, coastal, riparian, agricultural, and urban environments around the globe.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm7C25","usgsCitation":"Sherrouse, B.C., and Semmens, D.J., 2020, Social Values for Ecosystem Services, version 4.0 (SolVES 4.0)—Documentation and user manual: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 7, chap. C25, 59 p., https://doi.org/ 10.3133/ tm7C25.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 59 p.; Application Site","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":436802,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9URDZ4V","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"SolVES"},{"id":377693,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/07/c25/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":377694,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/07/c25/tm7C25.pdf","text":"Report","size":"13.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"T and M 7 C-25"},{"id":377695,"rank":3,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9URDZ4V","text":"Social Values for Ecosystem Services (SolVES) 4.0"}],"contact":"Director, Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, Mail Stop 980
Denver, CO 80225
Before 2001, all serosurveys for morbilliviruses in sea otters (Enhydra lutris) in California, Washington, and Alaska, USA, documented a 0% seroprevalence. The first published serologic detections of morbillivirus in sea otters occurred in 2001–02 in live-captured Washington sea otters, with a documented 80% seroprevalence. We conducted a retrospective study of sea otter cases from 1989 to 2010 compiled at the US Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center to identify cases of morbilliviral disease in Washington sea otters and to characterize the disease using immunohistochemistry, reverse transcription (RT)-PCR, genetic sequencing, virus isolation, and serology. We identified six cases of morbilliviral disease and 12 cases of morbilliviral infection in this population of sea otters during 2000–10. Significant histologic findings included inflammation in the white and gray matter of the brain characterized by lymphoplasmacytic perivascular cuffing, neuronal necrosis, and satellitosis in gray matter and by spongiosis, myelin degeneration, spheroids, and gemistocytes in white matter. Intranuclear and intracytoplasmic viral inclusion bodies were found in neurons, Purkinje cells, and glia. Immunohistochemistry for canine distemper virus (CDV) showed positive staining in neurons, glial cells, and cell processes. A pan-morbillivirus RT-PCR with subsequent restriction endonuclease digestion or sequencing identified CDV. Virus isolation was not successful. Two sea otters with morbilliviral encephalitis showed greater antibody titers to CDV than phocine distemper virus. Histologic changes were confined to the central nervous system and resembled neurologic canine distemper in domestic dogs. Cases of sea otters with morbilliviral infection without histologic changes could represent early infections or incompletely cleared sublethal infections. We found that morbillivirus was present in the Washington sea otter population as early as 2000, and we provide a description of the pathology of canine distemper in sea otters.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Diseases Association","doi":"10.7589/JWD-D-19-00008","usgsCitation":"Thomas, N., White, C.L., Saliki, J., Schuler, K.L., Lynch, D., Nielsen, O., Dubey, J., and Knowles, S., 2020, Canine distemper virus in the sea otter population (Enhydra lutris) in Washington State, USA: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 56, no. 4, p. 873-883, https://doi.org/10.7589/JWD-D-19-00008.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"873","endPage":"883","ipdsId":"IP-113646","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":436804,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P90J7S7T","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Necropsy reference number and summary collection information for Washington state population of northern sea otters examined during 1989-2010"},{"id":378518,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.54150390625,\n 47.00273390667881\n ],\n [\n -121.915283203125,\n 47.635783590864854\n ],\n [\n -122.48657226562499,\n 48.980216985374994\n ],\n [\n -123.211669921875,\n 49.009050809382046\n ],\n [\n -123.26660156249999,\n 48.356249029540734\n ],\n [\n -123.53027343749999,\n 48.22467264956519\n ],\n [\n -124.82666015624999,\n 48.516604348867475\n ],\n [\n -124.46411132812499,\n 46.475699386607516\n ],\n [\n -124.08233642578125,\n 46.249199583637726\n ],\n [\n -123.6016845703125,\n 46.24540080200012\n ],\n [\n -123.40530395507811,\n 46.2150010780199\n ],\n [\n -123.31192016601561,\n 46.144637225509136\n ],\n [\n -123.12515258789061,\n 46.186486044787195\n ],\n [\n -122.54150390625,\n 47.00273390667881\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"56","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, Nancy","contributorId":240813,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomas","given":"Nancy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":798981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, C. LeAnn 0000-0002-5004-5165 clwhite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5004-5165","contributorId":4315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"C.","email":"clwhite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"LeAnn","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":798982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Saliki, Jeremiah","contributorId":240814,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Saliki","given":"Jeremiah","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":798983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schuler, Krysten L.","contributorId":210886,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schuler","given":"Krysten","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5089,"text":"South Dakota State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lynch, Deanna","contributorId":202253,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lynch","given":"Deanna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":798985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nielsen, Ole","contributorId":240817,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nielsen","given":"Ole","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":798986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dubey, J.P.","contributorId":240820,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dubey","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":798987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Knowles, Susan 0000-0002-0254-6491 sknowles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0254-6491","contributorId":5254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knowles","given":"Susan","email":"sknowles@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":798980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70228484,"text":"70228484 - 2020 - Does harvest affect genetic diversity in grey wolves?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-11T16:41:05.812626","indexId":"70228484","displayToPublicDate":"2020-09-01T10:34:27","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2774,"text":"Molecular Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Does harvest affect genetic diversity in grey wolves?","docAbstract":"Harvest can affect vital rates such as reproduction and survival, but also genetic measures of individual and population health. Grey wolves (Canis lupus) live and breed in groups, and effective population size is a small fraction of total abundance. As a result, genetic diversity of wolves may be particularly sensitive to harvest. We evaluated how harvest affected genetic diversity and relatedness in wolves. We hypothesized that harvest would (a) reduce relatedness of individuals within groups in a subpopulation but increase relatedness of individuals between groups due to increased local immigration, (b) increase individual heterozygosity and average allelic richness across groups in subpopulations and (c) add new alleles to a subpopulation and decrease the number of private alleles in subpopulations due to an increase in breeding opportunities for unrelated individuals. We found harvest had no effect on observed heterozygosity of individuals or allelic richness at loci within subpopulations but was associated with a small, biologically insignificant effect on within-group relatedness values in grey wolves. Harvest was, however, positively associated with increased relatedness of individuals between groups and a net gain (+16) of alleles into groups in subpopulations monitored since harvest began, although the number of private alleles in subpopulations overall declined. Harvest likely created opportunities for wolves to immigrate into nearby groups and breed, thereby making groups in subpopulations more related over time. Harvest appears to affect genetic diversity in wolves at the group and population levels, but its effects are less apparent at the individual level given the population sizes we studied.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","doi":"10.1111/mec.15552","usgsCitation":"Ausband, D.E., and Lisette Waits, 2020, Does harvest affect genetic diversity in grey wolves?: Molecular Ecology, v. 29, no. 17, p. 3187-3195, https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.15552.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"3187","endPage":"3195","ipdsId":"IP-116681","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":395848,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.7242431640625,\n 47.45780853075031\n ],\n [\n -115.6805419921875,\n 47.42437092240519\n ],\n [\n -115.631103515625,\n 47.487513008956554\n ],\n [\n -115.6805419921875,\n 47.61727271567975\n ],\n [\n -115.75195312499999,\n 47.73562905149295\n ],\n [\n -115.8673095703125,\n 47.84634433782511\n ],\n [\n -116.03759765625,\n 47.97889140226657\n ],\n [\n -116.0540771484375,\n 48.085418575511966\n ],\n [\n -116.707763671875,\n 48.085418575511966\n ],\n [\n -116.7242431640625,\n 47.45780853075031\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.884033203125,\n 44.48866833139464\n ],\n [\n -113.5986328125,\n 44.48866833139464\n ],\n [\n -113.5986328125,\n 45.3521452458518\n ],\n [\n -114.884033203125,\n 45.3521452458518\n ],\n [\n -114.884033203125,\n 44.48866833139464\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.070556640625,\n 43.52465500687185\n ],\n [\n -114.47753906249999,\n 43.52465500687185\n ],\n [\n -114.47753906249999,\n 44.43377984606822\n ],\n [\n -116.070556640625,\n 44.43377984606822\n ],\n [\n -116.070556640625,\n 43.52465500687185\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-07-28","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ausband, David Edward 0000-0001-9204-9837","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9204-9837","contributorId":275329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ausband","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"Edward","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":834408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lisette Waits","contributorId":275916,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lisette Waits","affiliations":[{"id":39599,"text":"ui","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70215105,"text":"70215105 - 2020 - Persist in place or shift in space? Evaluating the adaptive capacity of species to climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-13T20:16:20.781136","indexId":"70215105","displayToPublicDate":"2020-09-01T10:29:37","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1701,"text":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Persist in place or shift in space? Evaluating the adaptive capacity of species to climate change","docAbstract":"Assessing the vulnerability of species to climate change serves as the basis for climate‐adaptation planning and climate‐smart conservation, and typically involves an evaluation of exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity (AC). AC is a species’ ability to cope with or adjust to changing climatic conditions, and is the least understood and most inconsistently applied of these three factors. We propose an attribute‐based framework for evaluating the AC of species, identifying two general classes of adaptive responses: “persist in place” and “shift in space”. Persist‐in‐place attributes enable species to survive in situ, whereas the shift‐in‐space response emphasizes attributes that facilitate tracking of suitable bioclimatic conditions. We provide guidance for assessing AC attributes and demonstrate the framework's application for species with disparate life histories. Results illustrate the broad utility of this generalized framework for informing adaptation planning and guiding species conservation in a rapidly changing climate.
The older layers of thick ferromanganese (FeMn) crusts from the central Pacific Ocean have undergone diagenetic phosphatization, during which carbonate fluorapatite (CFA) filled fractures and pore space and replaced carbonates. The effects of phosphatization on individual trace metal concentrations, speciation, and phase associations in FeMn crusts remain poorly understood yet may be important to metal enrichment mechanisms, paleoceanography, and extractive metallurgy. This study examines the concentrations, speciation, and mineral phase associations of Pb in phosphatized and nonphosphatized layers within three Pacific Ocean crusts using standard chemical and mineralogical techniques, in addition to bulk X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and microfocused X-ray fluorescence (μ-XRF) mapping. Our findings challenge the conclusions of previous works, which reported that most Pb in phosphatized crusts was associated with the CFA-dominated residual phase after sequential leaching experiments. These results were interpreted as an indication of Pb transfer from the oxide phases to diagenetic CFA during phosphatization. However, our results reveal an inverse correlation of Pb with Ca and P in the μ-XRF mapping of in situ FeMn crust sections and bulk chemistry. Furthermore, XAS measurements reveal that Pb speciation in bulk phosphatized FeMn crust layers is very similar to nonphosphatized layers, indicating only minor, if any, change in speciation during diagenetic phosphatization. Small differences in the EXAFS spectra for one highly phosphatized layer indicate that minor amounts of Pb may have been altered during phosphatization, but the new Pb-bearing phase was not unequivocally identified. Taken together, our results demonstrate that Pb speciation is not significantly affected by phosphatization.
As part of a regional effort to characterize groundwater in rural areas of Pennsylvania, water samples from 47 domestic wells in Potter County were collected from May through September 2017. The sampled wells had depths ranging from 33 to 600 feet in sandstone, shale, or siltstone aquifers. Groundwater samples were analyzed for physicochemical properties that could be evaluated in relation to drinking-water health standards, geology, land use, and other environmental factors. Laboratory analyses included concentrations of major ions, nutrients, bacteria, trace elements, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), ethylene and propylene glycol, alcohols, gross-alpha/beta-particle activity, uranium, radon-222, and dissolved gases. A subset of samples was analyzed for radium isotopes (radium-226 and -228) and for the isotopic composition of methane.
Results of this 2017 study show that groundwater quality generally met most drinking-water standards that apply to public water supplies. However, a percentage of samples exceeded maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) for total coliform bacteria (69.6 percent), Escherichia coli (30.4 percent), arsenic, and barium; and secondary maximum contaminant levels (SMCLs) for field pH, manganese, sodium, iron, total dissolved solids, aluminum, and chloride. All of the analyzed VOCs were below limits of detection and associated drinking water criteria. Radon-222 activities exceeded the proposed drinking-water standard of 300 picocuries per liter in 80.9 percent of the samples.
The field pH of the groundwater ranged from 4.6 to 9.0. Generally, the lower pH samples had greater potential for elevated concentrations of dissolved metals, including beryllium, copper, lead, nickel, and zinc, whereas the higher pH samples had greater potential for elevated concentrations of total dissolved solids, sodium, fluoride, boron, and uranium. Near-neutral samples (pH 6.5 to 7.5) had greater hardness and alkalinity concentrations than other samples with pH values outside this range. Calcium/bicarbonate waters were the predominant hydrochemical type for the sampled aquifers, with mixed water types for many samples, including variable contributions from calcium, magnesium, and sodium combined with bicarbonate, sulfate, chloride, and nitrate.
Water from 45 wells had concentrations of methane greater than the 0.0002 milligrams per liter (mg/L) detection limit. One sample had the maximum value of 11 mg/L, which exceeds the Pennsylvania action level of 7 mg/L. Additionally, three other samples had concentrations of methane greater than 4 mg/L. Outgassing of such levels of methane from the water to air within a confined space can result in a potential hazard. The elevated concentrations of methane generally were associated with suboxic groundwater (dissolved oxygen less than 0.5 mg/L) that had near-neutral to alkaline pH with relatively elevated concentrations of iron, manganese, ammonia, lithium, fluoride, and boron. Other constituents, including barium, sodium, chloride, and bromide, commonly were elevated, but not limited to, those well-water samples with elevated methane. Low levels of ethane (as much as 1.2 mg/L) were present in eight samples with the highest methane concentrations. Five samples were analyzed for methane isotopes. The isotopic and hydrocarbon compositions in these five samples suggest the methane may be of microbial origin or a mixture of thermogenic and microbial gas, but differed from the compositions reported for mud-gas logging samples collected during drilling of gas wells.
The concentrations of sodium (median 8.2 mg/L), chloride (median 7.64 mg/L), and bromide (median 0.02 mg/L) for the 47 groundwater samples collected for this study ranged widely and were positively correlated with one another and with specific conductance and associated measures of ionic strength. Sixty percent of the Potter County well-water samples had chloride concentrations less than 10 mg/L. Samples with higher chloride concentrations had variable bromide concentrations and corresponding chloride/bromide ratios that are consistent with sources such as road-deicing salt and septic effluent (low bromide) or brine (high bromide). Brines are naturally present in deeper parts of the regional groundwater system and, in some cases, may be mobilized by gas drilling. It is also possible that valley wells were drilled close to or into the brine-freshwater interface, so brine signatures do not necessarily indicate contamination due to drilling. The chloride, bromide, and other constituents in road-deicing salt or brine solutions tend to be diluted by mixing with fresh groundwater in shallow aquifers used for water supply. Although 1 of 8 groundwater samples with the highest methane concentrations (greater than 0.2 mg/L) had concentrations of chloride and bromide with corresponding chloride/bromide ratios that indicated mixing with road-deicing salt, the other 7 of 8 samples with elevated methane had concentrations of chloride and bromide with corresponding chloride/bromide ratios that indicated mixing with a small amount of brine (0.02 percent or less) similar in composition to those reported for gas and oil well brines in Pennsylvania. In several eastern Pennsylvania counties where gas drilling is absent, groundwater with comparable chloride/bromide ratios and chloride concentrations have been reported. Approximately 50 percent of Potter County well-water samples, including two samples with the fourth (72.9 mg/L) and fifth (47.0 mg/L) highest chloride concentrations, have chloride/bromide ratios that indicate predominantly anthropogenic sources of chloride, such as road-deicing salt or septic effluent.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20205038","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the County of Potter","usgsCitation":"Galeone, D.G., Cravotta, C.A., III, and Risser, D.W., 2020, Groundwater quality in relation to drinking water health standards and hydrogeologic and geochemical characteristics for 47 domestic wells in\nPotter County, Pennsylvania, 2017: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2020–5038, p.67, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20205038.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 67 p.; 2 Appendixes, Data Release","numberOfPages":"67","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-111083","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":377852,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5038/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":377854,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5038/sir20205038.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.77 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2020-5038"},{"id":377855,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5038/sir20205038_appendix3.xlsx","text":"Appendix 3","size":"30.3 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"linkHelpText":"- Excel file"},{"id":377856,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5038/sir20205038_appendix3.csv","text":"Appendix 3","size":"9.00 KB","linkFileType":{"id":7,"text":"csv"},"linkHelpText":"- CSV file"},{"id":377857,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9EBORD5","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Compilation of wells sampled, physical characteristics of wells, links to water-quality data, and quality assurance and quality control data for domestic wells sampled by the U.S. Geological Survey in Potter County, Pennsylvania, April–September 2017"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Potter County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-77.7513,41.999],[-77.7031,41.9991],[-77.6884,41.9992],[-77.6096,41.9998],[-77.6077,41.9211],[-77.6076,41.9174],[-77.6076,41.9015],[-77.6063,41.8402],[-77.6057,41.8334],[-77.6056,41.8121],[-77.6056,41.8093],[-77.605,41.8007],[-77.605,41.7944],[-77.6043,41.7558],[-77.6043,41.7499],[-77.6043,41.7472],[-77.603,41.7186],[-77.603,41.6999],[-77.6017,41.6518],[-77.6017,41.6437],[-77.601,41.6128],[-77.601,41.5987],[-77.5997,41.5497],[-77.5991,41.5424],[-77.5991,41.5256],[-77.5991,41.5211],[-77.5984,41.5002],[-77.5978,41.4784],[-77.6155,41.4784],[-77.664,41.4784],[-77.6977,41.4779],[-77.6989,41.4779],[-77.7093,41.4778],[-77.7498,41.4778],[-77.7645,41.4777],[-77.7774,41.4772],[-77.8006,41.4772],[-77.8123,41.4772],[-77.8282,41.4767],[-77.8454,41.4766],[-77.8742,41.4761],[-77.903,41.476],[-77.922,41.4755],[-77.9514,41.4754],[-77.9796,41.4757],[-77.9876,41.4757],[-78.0513,41.4768],[-78.0643,41.4881],[-78.0773,41.5003],[-78.094,41.5157],[-78.0958,41.5175],[-78.0977,41.5193],[-78.1107,41.5315],[-78.1119,41.5328],[-78.1243,41.5437],[-78.1379,41.5568],[-78.1769,41.5933],[-78.1831,41.5992],[-78.1862,41.6019],[-78.1992,41.6136],[-78.2035,41.6177],[-78.2054,41.619],[-78.2048,41.625],[-78.2062,41.6967],[-78.2065,41.7875],[-78.2065,41.7925],[-78.2066,41.8029],[-78.2068,41.8197],[-78.2071,41.8479],[-78.2073,41.866],[-78.2067,41.8697],[-78.2068,41.881],[-78.2075,41.8865],[-78.2078,41.9196],[-78.2078,41.9786],[-78.2085,41.9859],[-78.2086,42],[-77.9943,41.999],[-77.9662,41.9988],[-77.8686,41.9989],[-77.7513,41.999]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Potter\",\"state\":\"PA\"}}]}","contact":"Director, Pennsylvania Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
215 Limekiln Road
New Cumberland, PA 17070
Over the past decade, dendrochronologists have increasingly adopted the signal-free detrending (SFD) method to remove age-size trends in tree-ring measurement series, amplify the common stand-wide signal in composite chronologies, and recover medium- to low-frequency patterns that may be inadvertently removed by other detrending approaches. However, since its introduction in 2008, no systematic evaluation of the effects of SFD on tree-ring chronologies has been performed. Here we conduct the first review of SFD in dendrochronology and assess its effects when applied to large tree-ring networks. We analyzed the PAGES North America 2 K database of nearly 300 temperature-sensitive chronologies and the Missouri River database of over 350 chronologies curated for the purpose of reconstructing Missouri River streamflow. Both databases contain multiple versions of each chronology generated by different detrending methods, including those produced with (and without) the signal-free procedure applied. We evaluated (i) whether SFD increases chronology coherence at the site level by boosting the between-tree agreement, (ii) whether SFD increases coherence on a regional basis by making neighboring chronologies more similar to each other, and (iii) whether signal-free chronologies retained more medium- to low-frequency variability than their traditional counterparts. We find that, while SFD increased the strength of common signals in many instances, the effect was not universal and some sites even show a decrease in signal coherence. At regional scales, SFD increases chronology coherence in temperature-sensitive records but had no detectable effect on moisture-sensitive records. Our results demonstrate the importance of evaluating the effects of SFD prior to deploying this method for chronology development and paleoclimate reconstruction.
In October 2019, an Idaho Transportation Department (ITD) Cooperative Transportation Research Program award was made to Boise State University in partnership with the U.S. Geological Survey to investigate the use of weed-suppressive bacteria (Pseudomonas fluorescens strain ACK55) with preemergent herbicides (imazapic and indaziflam) to reduce exotic annual grasses (cheatgrass, medusahead) on ITD right-of-ways. The work includes a subtask in which ITD right-of-ways treated with ACK55 by Dr. Ann Kennedy 4-5 years previously (2017 report; ITD-RP-258) were resampled in summer 2020, focusing only on ACK55 and not the herbicides (which are tested separately and will be reported on in the future). The 2020 sampling protocol was similar but more intensive than the ITD-RP-258. There were no differences in annual grasses on areas sprayed with ACK55 and nearby untreated areas.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Integration of weed-suppressive bacteria With herbicides to reduce exotic annual grasses and wildfire problems on ITD right-of-ways","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Idaho Transportation Department","usgsCitation":"Simler-Williamson, A., Germino, M., and Lazarus, B.E., 2020, Appendix C: Interim report on subtask focused on resampling historic Kennedy/ITD plots for RP-284: Research Report RP284, 10 p.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"64","endPage":"73","ipdsId":"IP-122548","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":426833,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://trid.trb.org/view/1671384","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":426834,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.00199525103896,\n 43.95313159832966\n ],\n [\n -117.00199525103896,\n 42.875845710695984\n ],\n [\n -115.61944168078848,\n 42.875845710695984\n ],\n [\n -115.61944168078848,\n 43.95313159832966\n ],\n [\n -117.00199525103896,\n 43.95313159832966\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simler-Williamson, Allison B. 0000-0003-1358-1919","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1358-1919","contributorId":292572,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Simler-Williamson","given":"Allison B.","affiliations":[{"id":16201,"text":"Boise State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":897031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Germino, Matthew 0000-0001-6326-7579","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6326-7579","contributorId":257069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Germino","given":"Matthew","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lazarus, Brynne E. 0000-0002-6352-486X blazarus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6352-486X","contributorId":4901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lazarus","given":"Brynne","email":"blazarus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":897032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70237929,"text":"70237929 - 2020 - Unifying advective and diffusive descriptions of bedform pumping in the benthic biolayer of streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-01T14:24:10.766501","indexId":"70237929","displayToPublicDate":"2020-09-01T09:21:54","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Unifying advective and diffusive descriptions of bedform pumping in the benthic biolayer of streams","docAbstract":"Many water quality and ecosystem functions performed by streams occur in the benthic biolayer, the biologically active upper (~5 cm) layer of the streambed. Solute transport through the benthic biolayer is facilitated by bedform pumping, a physical process in which dynamic and static pressure variations over the surface of stationary bedforms (e.g., ripples and dunes) drive flow across the sediment-water interface. In this paper we derive two predictive modeling frameworks, one advective and the other diffusive, for solute transport through the benthic biolayer by bedform pumping. Both frameworks closely reproduce patterns and rates of bedform pumping previously measured in the laboratory, provided that the diffusion model's dispersion coefficient declines exponentially with depth. They are also functionally equivalent, such that parameter sets inferred from the 2D advective model can be applied to the 1D diffusive model, and vice versa. The functional equivalence and complementary strengths of these two models expand the range of questions that can be answered, for example, by adopting the 2D advective model to study the effects of geomorphic processes (such as bedform adjustments to land use change) on flow-dependent processes and the 1D diffusive model to study problems where multiple transport mechanisms combine (such as bedform pumping and turbulent diffusion). By unifying 2D advective and 1D diffusive descriptions of bedform pumping, our analytical results provide a straightforward and computationally efficient approach for predicting, and better understanding, solute transport in the benthic biolayer of streams and coastal sediments.
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Overall, three findings from this project were particularly noteworthy. First, household survey results indicate that residents in the Squilchuck Drainage, Chelan County, Washington have high expectations of response services in the event of a wildfire. Second, the survey data indicated Chelan County Fire District 1 (CCFD1) was the most frequently reported source of wildfire risk information and was characterized as a source of useful information. Finally, the project in the Squilchuck Drainage was an opportunity to examine how heterogeneous communities inhabit a contiguous biophysical location. 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