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","language":"English","publisher":"Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Newcomer-Johnson, T., Andrews, F., Corona, J., DeWitt, T.H., Harwell, M.C., Rhodes, C., Ringold, P., Russell, M.J., Sinha, P., and Van Houtven, G., 2020, National ecosystem services classification system (NESCS) plus: Research EPA/600/R-20/267, 129 9.","productDescription":"129 9.","ipdsId":"IP-125177","costCenters":[{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":383159,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":382564,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_Report.cfm?dirEntryId=350613&Lab=CEMM"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Newcomer-Johnson, Tammy 0000-0002-2496-7641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2496-7641","contributorId":248369,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Newcomer-Johnson","given":"Tammy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":49870,"text":"US EPA, Watershed & Ecosystem Characterization Division, Center for Envtl Measurement","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andrews, Faye 0000-0001-7355-1098","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7355-1098","contributorId":248370,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Andrews","given":"Faye","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":49871,"text":"ORAU Student Services Contractor at US EPA, Pacific Ecology Division, Ctr for Public Health & Envtl Assessment","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Corona, Joel 0000-0003-0470-2379","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0470-2379","contributorId":248371,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Corona","given":"Joel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":49872,"text":"US EPA, Office of Water, Water Policy Staff","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DeWitt, Theodore H. 0000-0002-4229-1454","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4229-1454","contributorId":248372,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeWitt","given":"Theodore","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":49873,"text":"US EPA, Pacific Ecology Systems Division, Ctr for Public Health & Envtl Assessment","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Harwell, Matthew C. 0000-0001-6765-7857","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6765-7857","contributorId":248373,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harwell","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":49874,"text":"US EPA, Gulf Ecosystem Measurement & Modeling Division, Ctr for Envtl Measurement and Modeling","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rhodes, Charles 0000-0002-9040-3684","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9040-3684","contributorId":245881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rhodes","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ringold, Paul 0000-0003-4241-6613","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4241-6613","contributorId":248374,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ringold","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":49875,"text":"US EPA, Pacific Ecological Systems Division, Ctr for Public Health & Envtl Assessment","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Russell, Marc J.","contributorId":191375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Russell","given":"Marc","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Sinha, Paramita 0000-0001-5667-9428","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5667-9428","contributorId":248375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sinha","given":"Paramita","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7151,"text":"RTI International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Van Houtven, George","contributorId":248376,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Van Houtven","given":"George","affiliations":[{"id":7151,"text":"RTI International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70248275,"text":"70248275 - 2020 - Changing nitrogen inputs to the northern San Francisco Estuary: Potential ecosystem responses and opportunities for investigation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-08T13:41:09.716807","indexId":"70248275","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-01T08:33:32","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":16708,"text":"SFEI Contribution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"973","title":"Changing nitrogen inputs to the northern San Francisco Estuary: Potential ecosystem responses and opportunities for investigation","docAbstract":"Anthropogenic activities have resulted in elevated ambient nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations in many regions of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta and Suisun Bay (northern San Francisco Estuary, (nSFE). The Sacramento Regional wastewater treatment plant (SRWTP WWTP) currently acts as the largest N point source to the system, discharging 13,000-15,000 kg/d of ammonium-N (NH4) near the nSFE’s northeastern boundary. By end of 2021, SRWTP will complete major upgrades that will reduce its effluent dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) loads by >65% and release the remaining DIN as predominantly nitrate (NO3). This major change in nitrogen inputs provides a unique opportunity to study ecosystem-scale responses to an altered nutrient regime. While, in general, the nSFE has not experienced some classic symptoms of nutrient over-enrichment typical in other estuaries—e.g., large phytoplankton blooms and hypoxia—other concerning nutrient- related impacts have been hypothesized, including: occurrence of harmful algal blooms (HABs) and the production of cyanotoxins; excessive growth of invasive aquatic vegetation; and declines in the abundance and nutritional quality of phytoplankton. These impacts have repercussions for the system’s food web, habitat quality, and the way we manage for transportation, recreation, water conveyance, and drinking water quality. This report develops and applies a framework for i) identifying and examining ecosystem response scenarios to the forthcoming decreased N loads; and ii) identifying opportunities, and constraints or considerations, for investigating those responses, including key data needs or knowledge gaps. Through applying this framework, we identify a set of plausible response scenarios, and evaluate the feasibility of studying or observing those responses along with key study considerations and data and knowledge gaps.","language":"English","publisher":"Bay Area Clean Water Agencies","usgsCitation":"Senn, D., Kraus, T.E., Richey, A., Bergamaschi, B.A., Brown, L.R., Conrad, L., Francis, C.A., Kimmerer, W., Kudela, R., Otten, T.G., Parker, A.E., Robinson, A., Mueller-Solger, A., Stern, D., and Thompson, J., 2020, Changing nitrogen inputs to the northern San Francisco Estuary: Potential ecosystem responses and opportunities for investigation: SFEI Contribution 973, 52 p.","productDescription":"52 p.","ipdsId":"IP-117945","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":420537,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://bacwa.org/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":420664,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"http://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Estuary","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.24778769231813,\n 38.71083341899933\n ],\n [\n -122.19532072938517,\n 38.71083341899933\n ],\n [\n -122.19532072938517,\n 37.68818730495191\n ],\n [\n -121.24778769231813,\n 37.68818730495191\n ],\n [\n -121.24778769231813,\n 38.71083341899933\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Senn, David","contributorId":177368,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Senn","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":882203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kraus, Tamara E. 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Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":882703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}} ,{"id":70216933,"text":"70216933 - 2020 - The evolution of a tropical biodiversity hotspot","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-17T14:31:50.464632","indexId":"70216933","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-01T08:29:14","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The evolution of a tropical biodiversity hotspot","docAbstract":"The role of the environment in the origin of new species has long been debated. Harvey et al.examined the evolutionary history and species diversity of suboscine birds in the tropics (see the Perspective by Morlon). Contrary to expectations that the tropics have higher rates of speciation, the authors observed that higher and more constant speciation rates occur in harsh environments relative to the tropics. Thus, for this group of birds, diversification in temperate to Arctic regions followed by the movement and retention of species in the tropics results in their higher local levels of species diversity.
","language":"English","publisher":"AAAS","doi":"10.1126/science.aaz6970","usgsCitation":"Harvey, M., Bravo, G., Claramunt, S., Cuervo, A.M., Derryberry, G.E., Battilana, J., Seeholzer, G.F., McKay, J.S., O’Meara, B.C., Faircloth, B.C., Edwards, S.V., Perez-Eman, J., Moyle, R.G., Sheldon, F.H., Aleixo, A., Smith, B.T., Chesser, T., Silveira, L.F., Cracraft, J., Brumfield, R., and Derryberry, E.P., 2020, The evolution of a tropical biodiversity hotspot: Science, v. 370, no. 6522, p. 1343-1348, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaz6970.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1343","endPage":"1348","ipdsId":"IP-112872","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488969,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/biosci_pubs/3527","text":"External 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Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development and application of an empirical dune growth model for evaluating barrier island recovery from storms","docAbstract":"Coastal zone managers require models that predict barrier island change on decadal time scales to estimate coastal vulnerability, and plan habitat restoration and coastal protection projects. To meet these needs, methods must be available for predicting dune recovery as well as dune erosion. In the present study, an empirical dune growth model (EDGR) was developed to predict the evolution of the primary foredune of a barrier island. Within EDGR, an island is represented as a sum of Gaussian shape functions representing dunes, berms, and the underlying island form. The model evolves the foredune based on estimated terminal dune height and location inputs. EDGR was assessed against observed dune evolution along the western end of Dauphin Island, Alabama over the 10 years following Hurricane Katrina (2005). The root mean square error with EDGR (ranging from 0.18 to 0.74 m over the model domain) was reduced compared to an alternate no-change model (0.69–0.96 m). Hindcasting with EDGR also supports the study of dune evolution processes. At Dauphin Island, results suggest that a low-lying portion of the site was dominated by overwash for ~5 years after Katrina, before approaching their terminal height and becoming growth-limited after 2010. EDGR’s computational efficiency allows dune evolution to be rapidly predicted and enables ensemble predictions to constrain the uncertainty that may result if terminal dune characteristics are unknown. In addition, EDGR can be coupled with an external model for estimating dune erosion and/or the long-term evolution of other subaerial features to allow decadal-scale prediction of barrier island evolution.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/jmse8120977","usgsCitation":"Dalyander, P., Mickey, R.C., Passeri, D., and Plant, N.G., 2020, Development and application of an empirical dune growth model for evaluating barrier island recovery from storms: Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, v. 8, no. 12, 9, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8120977.","productDescription":"9, 21 p.","ipdsId":"IP-104554","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454720,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8120977","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":381165,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama","otherGeospatial":"Dauphin Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.34930419921875,\n 30.216948502671475\n ],\n [\n -88.06640625,\n 30.216948502671475\n ],\n [\n -88.06640625,\n 30.271521387805628\n ],\n [\n -88.34930419921875,\n 30.271521387805628\n ],\n [\n -88.34930419921875,\n 30.216948502671475\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dalyander, Patricia (Soupy) 0000-0001-9583-0872 sdalyander@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9583-0872","contributorId":191931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dalyander","given":"Patricia (Soupy)","email":"sdalyander@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":806595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mickey, Rangley C. 0000-0001-5989-1432 rmickey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5989-1432","contributorId":141016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mickey","given":"Rangley","email":"rmickey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":806596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Passeri, Davina 0000-0002-9760-3195 dpasseri@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9760-3195","contributorId":166889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Passeri","given":"Davina","email":"dpasseri@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":806597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Plant, Nathaniel G. 0000-0002-5703-5672 nplant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5703-5672","contributorId":3503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plant","given":"Nathaniel","email":"nplant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":806598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70217053,"text":"70217053 - 2020 - Resist-accept-direct (RAD)-A framework for the 21st-century natural resource manager","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-30T14:25:57.64297","indexId":"70217053","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-01T08:19:36","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":53,"text":"Natural Resource Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"2020/2213","title":"Resist-accept-direct (RAD)-A framework for the 21st-century natural resource manager","docAbstract":"An assumption of stationarity—i.e. “the idea that natural systems fluctuate within an unchanging envelope of variability” (Milly et al. 2008)—underlies traditional conservation and natural resource management, as evidenced by widespread reliance on ecological baselines to guide protection, restoration, and other management. Although ecological change certainly occurred under the relatively stable conditions of the recent past, the nature of change under intensifying global change is different; it is unidirectional, and rapidly pushing beyond the bounds of historical variability. In the past, a manager could plausibly work to reverse or mitigate many stressors or their impacts to approximate pre-disturbance ecological conditions, but now accelerated warming, changing disturbance regimes, and extreme events associated with climate change reduce that potential. Indeed, even ‘holding the line’ in the face of inexorable human-caused change is ever more difficult and costly. Thus, the convention of using baseline conditions to define goals for today’s resource management is increasingly untenable, presenting practical and philosophical challenges for managers. As formerly familiar ecological conditions continue to change, bringing novelty, surprise, and uncertainty, natural resource managers require a new, shared approach to make conservation decisions. How, for example, should a manager respond to projections of loss of the Joshua tree from much of its current range, or to the emergence of new and different vegetation communities after a large fire event? The RAD (Resist-Accept-Direct) decision framework has emerged over the past decade as a simple tool that captures the entire decision space for responding to ecosystems facing the potential for rapid, irreversible ecological change. It assists managers in making informed, purposeful choices about how to respond to the trajectory of change, and moreover, provides a straightforward approach to support resource managers in collaborating at larger scales across jurisdictions, which today is more urgent than ever.","language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service","doi":"10.36967/nrr-2283597","usgsCitation":"Schuurman, G.W., Hawkins Hoffman, C., Cole, D., Lawrence, D., Morton, J., Magness, D.R., Cravens, A.E., Covington, S., O'Malley, R., and Fisichelli, N.A., 2020, Resist-accept-direct (RAD)-A framework for the 21st-century natural resource manager: Natural Resource Report 2020/2213, v, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2283597.","productDescription":"v, 20 p.","ipdsId":"IP-125020","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":381757,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schuurman, Gregor W. 0000-0002-9304-7742","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9304-7742","contributorId":147698,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schuurman","given":"Gregor","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":16909,"text":"U.S. National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science, Fort Collins, CO, 80525, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":807395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hawkins Hoffman, Cat","contributorId":245964,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hawkins Hoffman","given":"Cat","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36189,"text":"National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":807396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cole, David N.","contributorId":245965,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cole","given":"David N.","affiliations":[{"id":49387,"text":"Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute [retired]","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":807397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lawrence, David J.","contributorId":245968,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lawrence","given":"David J.","affiliations":[{"id":36189,"text":"National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":807398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Morton, John M.","contributorId":245969,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morton","given":"John M.","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":807399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Magness, Dawn R.","contributorId":243262,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Magness","given":"Dawn","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":807400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cravens, Amanda E. 0000-0002-0271-7967 aecravens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0271-7967","contributorId":196752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cravens","given":"Amanda","email":"aecravens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Covington, Scott","contributorId":245970,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Covington","given":"Scott","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":807402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"O'Malley, Robin 0000-0002-4211-3316","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4211-3316","contributorId":245971,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O'Malley","given":"Robin","affiliations":[{"id":49390,"text":"retired USGS employee; North Central Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":807403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Fisichelli, Nicholas A.","contributorId":174508,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fisichelli","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":27461,"text":"NPS, Fort Collins, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":807404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70216729,"text":"70216729 - 2020 - Planetary cave exploration progresses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-03T13:44:21.763534","indexId":"70216729","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-01T07:42:59","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3879,"text":"Eos, Earth and Space Science News","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Planetary cave exploration progresses","docAbstract":"Planetary caves have been identified on the Moon and on Mars, and are likely to occur across the Solar System. They present a new frontier for planetary science, subsurface astrobiology, geology and human exploration. The fourth in a series of scientific meetings focusing on the science and exploration of planetary caves brought together 55 terrestrial and planetary scientists, robotics and instrumentation engineers, and students (16 including 1 undergraduate). Conference participants discussed the state of the art of relevant sciences and current engineering capabilities as applied to planetary cave exploration and research. Specifically, they considered cave formation mechanisms, preserved geological records, cave micro-climate and astrobiological potential, engineering challenges of subsurface exploration, and potential robotic mission concepts to explore the subsurface of other worlds, especially the Moon and Mars.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2020EO152045","usgsCitation":"Titus, T.N., Phillips-Lander, C., Boston, P.J., Wynne, J.J., and Kerber, L., 2020, Planetary cave exploration progresses: Eos, Earth and Space Science News, v. 101, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EO152045.","productDescription":"9 p.","ipdsId":"IP-119282","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454724,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2020eo152045","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":380945,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"101","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Titus, Timothy N. 0000-0003-0700-4875 ttitus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0700-4875","contributorId":146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Titus","given":"Timothy","email":"ttitus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":805999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips-Lander, C. M.","contributorId":241866,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Phillips-Lander","given":"C. M.","affiliations":[{"id":36712,"text":"Southwest Research Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":806000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boston, P. J.","contributorId":241668,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boston","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":27071,"text":"NASA ARC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":806001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wynne, J. J.","contributorId":241870,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wynne","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":12698,"text":"Northern Arizona University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":806002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kerber, L.","contributorId":245351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kerber","given":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":27923,"text":"NASA JPL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":806003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70216480,"text":"sir20205123 - 2020 - Water levels and selected water-quality conditions in the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer in eastern Arkansas, 2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-01T13:46:47.314594","indexId":"sir20205123","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-01T05:43:03","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2020-5123","displayTitle":"Water Levels and Selected Water-Quality Conditions in the Mississippi River Valley Alluvial Aquifer in Eastern Arkansas, 2014","title":"Water levels and selected water-quality conditions in the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer in eastern Arkansas, 2014","docAbstract":"In 2014, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Arkansas Geological Survey and the Arkansas Natural Resources Commission, determined water-level altitudes in 468 wells in eastern Arkansas and collected water-quality samples from 144 wells. Water-level altitudes were calculated based on the measured depth to water in each well and used to construct a potentiometric-surface map of the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer, and the water-quality samples were analyzed for chloride and bromide concentrations. Upon completion of the potentiometric-surface map, 10 depressions in the potentiometric surface were identified in the Mississippi Alluvial Plain: two large depressions, five small depressions, and three areas of decreased water levels. Analyses of water-quality samples identified several areas of elevated chloride/bromide ratios.
A water-level altitude difference map was constructed using 345 groundwater levels measured in 2010 and 2014. Differences in water-level altitude ranged from –10.2 feet in Craighead County to 18.00 feet in Prairie County. Analysis of the overall water-level altitude differences indicated a decline in approximately 84 percent of the wells measured in both 2010 and 2014, including in areas where previous studies indicated water-level altitude increases between 2008 and 2012. Analysis of long-term hydrographs of wells in the study area indicated that mean annual water levels declined in all but two counties. The decline in water levels observed in the hydrographs suggests continued growth of the cones of depression caused by groundwater use in the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20205123","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Arkansas Natural Resources Commission and the Arkansas Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Rodgers, K.D., and Whaling, A.R., 2020, Water levels and selected water-quality conditions in the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer in eastern Arkansas, 2014: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2020–5123, 22 p., 3 pls., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20205123.","productDescription":"Report: v, 22 p.; 3 Plates: 20.04 x25.98 inches or smaller; Data Release","numberOfPages":"31","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-082198","costCenters":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":380660,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5123/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":380661,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5123/sir20205123.pdf","text":"Report","size":"962 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2020–5123"},{"id":380662,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5123/sir20205123_plate1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","size":"1.82 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2020–5123 Plate 1","linkHelpText":"— Potentiometric Surface of the Mississippi River Valley Alluvial Aquifer, Spring 2014"},{"id":380664,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5123/sir20205123_plate3.pdf","text":"Plate 3","size":"1.73 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2020–5123 Plate 3","linkHelpText":"— Chloride/Bromide Ratio of the Mississippi River Valley Alluvial Aquifer, Spring 2014–15"},{"id":380663,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5123/sir20205123_plate2.pdf","text":"Plate 2","size":"1.94 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2020–5123 Plate 2","linkHelpText":"— Difference in Water Level of the Mississippi River Valley Alluvial Aquifer, 2010–14"},{"id":380665,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F757197T","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGs data Release","linkHelpText":"Water-level data, selected water-quality data, and the potentiometric dataset for the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer in eastern Arkansas, spring 2014"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.85693359375,\n 36.527294814546245\n ],\n [\n -91.62597656249999,\n 35.24561909420681\n ],\n [\n -92.21923828124999,\n 34.74161249883172\n ],\n [\n -91.8017578125,\n 33.94335994657882\n ],\n [\n -91.62597656249999,\n 33.22949814144951\n ],\n [\n -91.60400390625,\n 33.04550781490999\n ],\n [\n -91.01074218749999,\n 33.08233672856376\n ],\n [\n -90.72509765625,\n 34.07086232376631\n ],\n [\n -90.3076171875,\n 34.88593094075317\n ],\n [\n -89.97802734375,\n 35.460669951495305\n ],\n [\n -89.67041015625,\n 36.03133177633187\n ],\n [\n -90.3076171875,\n 36.049098959065645\n ],\n [\n -90.06591796875,\n 36.33282808737917\n ],\n [\n -90.15380859375,\n 36.491973470593685\n ],\n [\n -90.52734374999999,\n 36.50963615733049\n ],\n [\n -90.85693359375,\n 36.527294814546245\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Lower Mississippi Gulf Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
640 Grassmere Park, Suite 100
Nashville, TN 37211
Using a geology-based assessment methodology, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated undiscovered, technically recoverable mean resources of 12 million barrels of oil and 27 trillion cubic feet of gas in the Mancos-Menefee Composite and underlying Todilto Total Petroleum Systems of the San Juan Basin Province, New Mexico and Colorado.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20203049","usgsCitation":"Marra, K.R., Schenk, C.J., Mercier, T.J., Leathers-Miller, H.M., Tennyson, M.E., Finn, T.M., Woodall, C.A., Brownfield, M.E., Le, P.A., and Drake, R.M., II, 2020, Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in the Mancos-Menefee composite and underlying Todilto Total Petroleum Systems of the San Juan Basin Province, New Mexico, and Colorado, 2020: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2020–3049, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20203049.","productDescription":"Report: 4 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-116957","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":380851,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ON85AC","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"USGS National and Global Oil and Gas Assessment Project - San Juan Basin Province, Mancos-Menefee Composite Total Petroleum System and underlying Todilto Total Petroleum System Assessment Units and Input Data Forms"},{"id":380847,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2020/3049/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":380848,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2020/3049/fs20203049.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.00 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2020-3049"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"San Juan Basin Province","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.017333984375,\n 37.020098201368114\n ],\n [\n -109.05029296875,\n 34.397844946449865\n ],\n [\n -104.86450195312499,\n 34.52466147177172\n ],\n [\n -104.853515625,\n 38.1777509666256\n ],\n [\n -109.10522460937499,\n 38.11727165830543\n ],\n [\n -109.017333984375,\n 37.020098201368114\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Central Energy Resources Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-939
Denver, CO 80225-0046
Using a geology-based assessment methodology, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated undiscovered, technically recoverable mean resources of 39 trillion cubic feet of gas within continuous and conventional reservoirs of the Fruitland Total Petroleum System in the San Juan Basin Province, New Mexico and Colorado.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20203047","usgsCitation":"Marra, K.R., Schenk, C.J., Mercier, T.J., Leathers-Miller, H.M., Tennyson, M.E., Finn, T.M., Woodall, C.A., Brownfield, M.E., Le, P.A., and Drake, R.M., II, 2020, Assessment of undiscovered gas resources of the Fruitland Total Petroleum System, San Juan Basin Province, New Mexico, and Colorado, 2020: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2020–3047, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20203047.","productDescription":"Report: 2 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-116954","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":380837,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2020/3047/fs20203047.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.10 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2020-3047"},{"id":380836,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2020/3047/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":380849,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9IDGJ6E","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"USGS National and Global Oil and Gas Assessment Project - San Juan Basin Province, Fruitland Total Petroleum System Assessment Units and Input Data Forms"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"San Juan Basin Province","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.017333984375,\n 37.020098201368114\n ],\n [\n -109.05029296875,\n 34.397844946449865\n ],\n [\n -104.86450195312499,\n 34.52466147177172\n ],\n [\n -104.853515625,\n 38.1777509666256\n ],\n [\n -109.10522460937499,\n 38.11727165830543\n ],\n [\n -109.017333984375,\n 37.020098201368114\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Central Energy Resources Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-939
Denver, CO 80225-0046
Using a geology-based assessment methodology, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated undiscovered, technically recoverable mean resources of 2.6 trillion cubic feet of gas in the Lewis Shale Total Petroleum System of the San Juan Basin Province, New Mexico and Colorado.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20203048","usgsCitation":"Marra, K.R., Schenk, C.J., Mercier, T.J., Leathers-Miller, H.M., Tennyson, M.E., Finn, T.M., Woodall, C.A., Brownfield, M.E., Le, P.A., and Drake, R.M., II, 2020, Assessment of undiscovered gas resources in the Lewis Shale Total Petroleum System of the San Juan Basin Province, New Mexico and Colorado, 2020: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2020–3048, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20203048.","productDescription":"Report: 2 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-116956","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":380850,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9OFL7SL","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"USGS National and Global Oil and Gas Assessment Project - San Juan Basin Province, Lewis Shale Total Petroleum System Assessment Units and Input Data Forms"},{"id":380839,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2020/3048/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":380841,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2020/3048/fs20203048.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.36 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2020-3048"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"San Juan Basin Province","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.017333984375,\n 37.020098201368114\n ],\n [\n -109.05029296875,\n 34.397844946449865\n ],\n [\n -104.86450195312499,\n 34.52466147177172\n ],\n [\n -104.853515625,\n 38.1777509666256\n ],\n [\n -109.10522460937499,\n 38.11727165830543\n ],\n [\n -109.017333984375,\n 37.020098201368114\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Central Energy Resources Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-939
Denver, CO 80225-0046
No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"An Introduction to Approaches and Modern Applications with Ensemble Learning","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Nova Science Publishers, Inc.","usgsCitation":"Gettings, M.E., 2020, Quantitative textural measures of the aeromagnetic field: Two examples at regional scale, chap. 6 of An Introduction to Approaches and Modern Applications with Ensemble Learning.","ipdsId":"IP-093118","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":382561,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gettings, Mark E. 0000-0002-2910-2321 mgetting@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2910-2321","contributorId":602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gettings","given":"Mark","email":"mgetting@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":798643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70228600,"text":"70228600 - 2020 - Behavior at short temporal scales drives dispersal dynamics and survival in a metapopulation of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-14T16:32:52.568381","indexId":"70228600","displayToPublicDate":"2020-11-30T09:53:41","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Behavior at short temporal scales drives dispersal dynamics and survival in a metapopulation of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)","title":"Behavior at short temporal scales drives dispersal dynamics and survival in a metapopulation of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)","docAbstract":"1) Movement has been studied extensively in stream salmonids, and most data suggest that population-level behavior is best described by a leptokurtic distribution. This distribution emphasizes the large proportion of sedentary individuals in a population, which can implicitly lead to assumptions of low population connectivity and overlook the ecological significance of rare individuals with more mobile phenotypes. 2) We report findings of a multi-season radio telemetry study conducted on four adjacent populations of wild brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) connected by Loyalsock Creek in northcentral Pennsylvania. We used these data to investigate temporal and spatial patterns in movement and fitness tradeoffs associated with behavioral phenotype. 3) Similar to previous studies, we found that 59 of the 120 radio-tagged individuals (49%) were sedentary and moved less than 200 m. Only 18% of individuals dispersed more than 1 km, but the maximum distanced moved exceeded 13 km. We also found that mobile individuals had significantly higher summer and fall survival than did sedentary fish, which could indicate that there are fitness benefits associated with vagility. 4) Most long-distance movements were the result of fish migrating from small tributaries into a larger mainstem river in the days after spawning. Therefore, even though mobility was only expressed for a short duration and by relatively few individuals in the population, the behavior appears to maintain metapopulation connectivity throughout the watershed. 5) Our study highlights the ecological significance of rare phenotypes for population demography across large spatial scales and the need to understand movement across multiple temporal and spatial scales to ensure adequate conservation of critical forms of cryptic life history diversity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/fwb.13637","usgsCitation":"Wagner, T., and White, S., 2020, Behavior at short temporal scales drives dispersal dynamics and survival in a metapopulation of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis): Freshwater Biology, v. 66, no. 2, p. 278-285, https://doi.org/10.1111/fwb.13637.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"278","endPage":"285","ipdsId":"IP-118703","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454727,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/fwb.13637","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":395892,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Double Creek, East Branch Creek, Loyalsock Creek, Pole Bridge Creek, Shanerburg Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.93528175354004,\n 41.254193933121606\n ],\n [\n -76.92240715026855,\n 41.254193933121606\n ],\n [\n -76.92240715026855,\n 41.266646415620784\n ],\n [\n -76.93528175354004,\n 41.266646415620784\n ],\n [\n -76.93528175354004,\n 41.254193933121606\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"66","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-10-30","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wagner, Tyler 0000-0003-1726-016X twagner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1726-016X","contributorId":1050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Tyler","email":"twagner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":834735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, Shannon","contributorId":276311,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"Shannon","affiliations":[{"id":36985,"text":"Penn State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70219169,"text":"70219169 - 2020 - Decreases in aluminum toxicity and mortality of caged brook trout in Adirondack Mountain Streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-29T14:38:42.342371","indexId":"70219169","displayToPublicDate":"2020-11-30T09:33:20","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5792,"text":"Summary Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"20-35","title":"Decreases in aluminum toxicity and mortality of caged brook trout in Adirondack Mountain Streams","docAbstract":"Mortality of juvenile brook trout and water chemistry were characterized in six western Adirondack streams in northern New York State during spring 2015, 2016, and 2017 and compared with results from comparable tests done between 1980 and 2003 in many of the same streams to assess temporal changes in inorganic monomeric aluminum (Ali) concentrations, Ali-toxicity, and the role of Ali-exposure duration on mortality. Ali concentrations of 2 and 4 micromoles per liter (µmol L-1) corresponded to chronic- and acute-mortality thresholds for brook trout, but prolonged exposure to ≥ 1 µmol Ali L-1 also produced low-to-moderate mortality levels. The variability, mean, and highest Ali concentrations in Buck Creek (BUC) year-round, and in several other streams during spring, decreased significantly over the past 30 years. Predictive models indicate that Ali surpassed highly toxic concentrations at BUC for three to four months annually during 2001–2003 but for only two to three weeks annually during 2015–2017. The current lack of extremely high Ali concentrations indicate toxicity has declined markedly between the 1989–1990, 2001–2003, and 2015–2017 test periods, yet acid- Ali episodes can still cause moderate-to-high levels of brook trout mortality during high springtime flows. Assembled models show how mortality of brook trout in several Adirondack streams likely declined in response to the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments and offer a means to predict how changes in United States regulations that limit the atmospheric emissions of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) oxides, and the deposition of N and S, could affect brook trout survival and impaired stream ecosystems in the western Adirondack region.","language":"English","publisher":"New York Energy Research and Development Authority","usgsCitation":"Baldigo, B.P., and George, S.D., 2020, Decreases in aluminum toxicity and mortality of caged brook trout in Adirondack Mountain Streams: Summary Report 20-35, vi, 31 p.","productDescription":"vi, 31 p.","ipdsId":"IP-107974","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":384719,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":384707,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.nyserda.ny.gov/-/media/Files/Publications/Research/Transportation/20-35-Decreases-in-Aluminium-toxicity-and-mortality-of-caged-brook-trout.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Adirondack Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.0146484375,\n 43.56447158721811\n ],\n [\n -74.44335937499999,\n 43.56447158721811\n ],\n [\n -74.44335937499999,\n 43.830564195198264\n ],\n [\n -75.0146484375,\n 43.830564195198264\n ],\n [\n -75.0146484375,\n 43.56447158721811\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baldigo, Barry P. 0000-0002-9862-9119 bbaldigo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9862-9119","contributorId":1234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldigo","given":"Barry","email":"bbaldigo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"George, Scott D. 0000-0002-8197-1866 sgeorge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8197-1866","contributorId":3014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"George","given":"Scott","email":"sgeorge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70216789,"text":"70216789 - 2020 - Comparing methods to estimate the proportion of turbine-induced bird and bat mortality in the search area under a road and pad search protocol","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-07T14:56:49.886538","indexId":"70216789","displayToPublicDate":"2020-11-30T08:53:33","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1573,"text":"Environmental and Ecological Statistics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparing methods to estimate the proportion of turbine-induced bird and bat mortality in the search area under a road and pad search protocol","docAbstract":"Estimating bird and bat mortality at wind facilities typically involves searching for carcasses on the ground near turbines. Some fraction of carcasses inevitably lie outside the search plots, and accurate mortality estimation requires accounting for those carcasses using models to extrapolate from searched to unsearched areas. Such models should account for variation in carcass density with distance, and ideally also for variation with direction (anisotropy). We compare five methods of accounting for carcasses that land outside the searched area (ratio, weighted distribution, non-parametric, and two generalized linear models (glm)) by simulating spatial arrival patterns and the detection process to mimic observations which result from surveying only, or primarily, roads and pads (R&P) and applying the five methods. Simulations vary R&P configurations, spatial carcass distributions (isotropic and anisotropic), and per turbine fatality rates. Our results suggest that the ratio method is less accurate with higher variation relative to the other four methods which all perform similarly under isotropy. All methods were biased under anisotropy; however, including direction covariates in the glm method substantially reduced bias. In addition to comparing methods of accounting for unsearched areas, we suggest a semiparametric bootstrap to produce confidence-based bounds for the proportion of carcasses that land in the searched area.
Molecular genetics are key to understanding current and historical relationships between isolated populations, including species’ colonizations during glacial–interglacial cycles, to determine viability of local populations, needs for habitat corridors, and other aspects of population management, especially where bears are harvested for sport, etc. As natural habitats shrink, some bear species will inevitably require high levels of management, perhaps combining captive and wild populations following the IUCN’s One Plan Approach. In this chapter we review the systematics of the Ursidae and its relationships with other Carnivora, the molecular phylogenetic of extant ursid species, the phylogeography of and morphological variation within each species, and the use of molecular genetics to monitor bear populations for management and conservation.
| The R package colorspace provides a flexible toolbox for selecting individual colors or color palettes, manipulating these colors, and employing them in statistical graphics and data visualizations. In particular, the package provides a broad range of color palettes based on the HCL (hue-chroma-luminance) color space. The three HCL dimensions have been shown to match those of the human visual system very well, thus facilitating intuitive selection of color palettes through trajectories in this space. Using the HCL color model, general strategies for three types of palettes are implemented: (1) Qualitative for coding categorical information, i.e., where no particular ordering of categories is available. (2) Sequential for coding ordered/numeric information, i.e., going from high to low (or vice versa). (3) Diverging for coding ordered/numeric information around a central neutral value, i.e., where colors diverge from neutral to two extremes. To aid selection and application of these palettes, the package also contains scales for use with ggplot2, shiny and tcltk apps for interactive exploration, visualizations of palette properties, accompanying manipulation utilities (like desaturation and lighten/darken), and emulation of color vision deficiencies. The shiny apps are also hosted online at http://hclwizard.org/. |
The Landsat Collection-2 distribution introduces a new global Digital Elevation Model (DEM) for scene orthorectification. The new global DEM is a composite of the latest and most accurate freely available DEM sources and will include reprocessed Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) data (called NASADEM), high-resolution stereo optical data (ArcticDEM), a new National Elevation Dataset (NED) and various publicly available national datasets including the Canadian Digital Elevation Model (CDEM) and DEMs for Sweden, Norway and Finland (SNF). The new DEM will be available world-wide with few exceptions. It is anticipated that the transition from the Collection-1 DEM at 3 arcsecond to the new DEM will be seamless because processing methods to maintain a seamless transition were employed, void filling techniques were used, where persistent gaps were found, and the pixel spacing is the same between the two collections. Improvements to the vertical accuracy were realized by differencing accuracies of other elevation datasets to the new DEM. The greatest improvement occurred where ArcticDEM data were used, where an improvement of 35 m was measured. By using theses improved vertical values in a line of sight algorithm, horizontal improvements were noted in some of the most mountainous regions over multiple 30-m Landsat pixels. This new DEM will be used to process all of the scenes from Landsat 1-8 in Collection-2 processing and will be made available to the public by the end of 2020.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/rs12233909","usgsCitation":"Franks, S., Storey, J., and Rengarajan, R., 2020, The new Landsat Collection-2 Digital Elevation Model: Remote Sensing, v. 12, no. 23, 3909, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12233909.","productDescription":"3909, 24 p.","ipdsId":"IP-123106","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454735,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12233909","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":381037,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-11-28","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Franks, Shannon 0000-0003-1335-5401","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1335-5401","contributorId":245457,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Franks","given":"Shannon","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":49197,"text":"KBR, Contractor to NASA Goddard Space Flight Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":806216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Storey, James C. 0000-0002-6664-7232","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6664-7232","contributorId":242015,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Storey","given":"James C.","affiliations":[{"id":48475,"text":"KBR, Contractor to USGS EROS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":806217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rengarajan, Rajagopalan 0000-0003-1860-7110","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1860-7110","contributorId":242014,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rengarajan","given":"Rajagopalan","affiliations":[{"id":48475,"text":"KBR, Contractor to USGS EROS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":806218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70217289,"text":"70217289 - 2020 - Conservation genomics of the threatened western spadefoot, Spea hammondii, in urbanized southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-31T13:53:17.489772","indexId":"70217289","displayToPublicDate":"2020-11-27T07:58:58","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2333,"text":"Journal of Heredity","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Conservation genomics of the threatened western spadefoot, Spea hammondii, in urbanized southern California","title":"Conservation genomics of the threatened western spadefoot, Spea hammondii, in urbanized southern California","docAbstract":"Populations of the western spadefoot (Spea hammondii) in southern California occur in one of the most urbanized and fragmented landscapes on the planet and have lost up to 80% of their native habitat. Orange County is one of the last strongholds for this pond-breeding amphibian in the region, and ongoing restoration efforts targeting S. hammondii have involved habitat protection and the construction of artificial breeding ponds. These efforts have successfully increased breeding activity, but genetic characterization of the populations, including estimates of effective population size and admixture between the gene pools of constructed artificial and natural ponds, has never been undertaken. Using thousands of genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms, we characterized the population structure, genetic diversity, and genetic connectivity of spadefoots in Orange County to guide ongoing and future management efforts. We identified at least two, and possibly three major genetic clusters, with additional substructure within clusters indicating that individual ponds are often genetically distinct. Estimates of landscape resistance suggest that ponds on either side of the Los Angeles Basin were likely interconnected historically but intense urban development has rendered them essentially isolated, and the resulting risk of interruption to natural metapopulation dynamics appears to be high. Resistance surfaces show that the existing artificial ponds were well-placed and connected to natural populations by low-resistance corridors. Toad samples from all ponds (natural and artificial) returned extremely low estimates of effective population size, possibly due to a bottleneck caused by a recent multi-year drought. Management efforts should focus on maintaining gene flow among natural and artificial ponds by both assisted migration and construction of new ponds to bolster the existing pond network in the region.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/jhered/esaa049","usgsCitation":"Neal, K.M., Fisher, R.N., Mitrovich, M.J., and Shaffer, H., 2020, Conservation genomics of the threatened western spadefoot, Spea hammondii, in urbanized southern California: Journal of Heredity, v. 111, no. 7, p. 613-627, https://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esaa049.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"613","endPage":"627","ipdsId":"IP-124490","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454737,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esaa049","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":382259,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Orange 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Kevin M","contributorId":247759,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neal","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":12763,"text":"University of California, Los Angeles","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240 rfisher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":1529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert","email":"rfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mitrovich, Milan J. 0000-0001-6053-1143","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6053-1143","contributorId":207272,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mitrovich","given":"Milan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":37506,"text":"San Diego State University; former USGS employee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shaffer, H. Bradley","contributorId":247762,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shaffer","given":"H. Bradley","affiliations":[{"id":12763,"text":"University of California, Los Angeles","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70217099,"text":"70217099 - 2020 - Lateral carbon exports from drained peatlands: An understudied carbon pathway in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-06T13:29:43.897973","indexId":"70217099","displayToPublicDate":"2020-11-27T07:24:14","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2320,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lateral carbon exports from drained peatlands: An understudied carbon pathway in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California","docAbstract":"Degradation of peatlands via drainage is increasing globally and destabilizing peat carbon (C) stores. The effects of drainage on the timing and magnitude of lateral C losses from degraded peatlands remains understudied. We measured spatial and temporal variability in lateral C exports from three drained peat islands in the Sacramento‐San Joaquin Delta in California across the 2017 and 2018 water years using measurements of dissolved inorganic C (DIC), dissolved organic C (DOC), and suspended particulate organic C (POC) concentration combined with discharge. These measurements were supplemented with stable isotope data (δ13C‐DIC, δ13C‐POC, δ15N‐PON, and δ2H‐H2O values) to provide insight into hydrological and biogeochemical controls on lateral C exports from drained peatlands. Drainage DOC and DIC concentrations were seasonally variable with the highest values in the winter rainy season, when discharge was also elevated. Seasonal differences in the mobilization of dissolved C appeared to result from changing water sources and water table levels. Peat island drainage C contributions to surrounding waterways were also greatest during the winter. Although temporal variability in C cycling processes and trends were generally similar across islands, baseline drainage DIC, DOC, and POC concentrations were spatially variable, likely a result of sub‐island‐scale differences in soil organic matter content and hydrology. This spatial variability complicates system‐wide assessments of C budgets. Net lateral C exports were water year dependent and comparable to previously published vertical C emission rates for this system. This work highlights the importance of including lateral C exports from drained peatlands in local and regional C budgets.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2020JG005883","usgsCitation":"Richardson, C.M., Fackrell, J.K., Kraus, T.E., Young, M.B., and Paytan, A., 2020, Lateral carbon exports from drained peatlands: An understudied carbon pathway in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, v. 125, no. 12, e2020JG005883, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JG005883.","productDescription":"e2020JG005883, 21 p.","ipdsId":"IP-119742","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467269,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/37323","text":"External Repository"},{"id":381943,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.200927734375,\n 37.98100996893789\n ],\n [\n -121.68731689453125,\n 37.98100996893789\n ],\n [\n -121.68731689453125,\n 38.225235239076824\n ],\n [\n -122.200927734375,\n 38.225235239076824\n ],\n [\n -122.200927734375,\n 37.98100996893789\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"125","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-12-17","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richardson, Christina M. 0000-0003-0597-8836","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0597-8836","contributorId":147438,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Richardson","given":"Christina","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6948,"text":"UC Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":807604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fackrell, Joseph K. 0000-0001-8148-3734","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8148-3734","contributorId":225515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fackrell","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kraus, Tamara E. C. 0000-0002-5187-8644 tkraus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5187-8644","contributorId":147560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraus","given":"Tamara","email":"tkraus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E. C.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Young, Megan B. 0000-0002-0229-4108 mbyoung@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0229-4108","contributorId":3315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"Megan","email":"mbyoung@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Paytan, Adina 0000-0001-8360-4712","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8360-4712","contributorId":193046,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paytan","given":"Adina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":807608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70240902,"text":"70240902 - 2020 - Evidence of spawning by lake trout Salvelinus namaycush on substrates at the base of large boulders in northern Lake Huron","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-01T12:39:03.288748","indexId":"70240902","displayToPublicDate":"2020-11-27T06:36:06","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence of spawning by lake trout Salvelinus namaycush on substrates at the base of large boulders in northern Lake Huron","docAbstract":"Identification of lake trout spawning sites has focused on cobble substrates associated with bathymetric relief (e.g., ‘contour’ or ‘slope’ along reefs), but this ‘model’ may be narrow in scope. Previous telemetry work conducted near Drummond Island, USA, Lake Huron, identified egg presence in substrates at the base of large boulders (>1 m diameter); however, the extent of this phenomenon was unknown. Telemetry data paired with multi-beam bathymetry identified a 0.63 km2 area used by lake trout characterized by low bathymetric relief and numerous (~269) large boulders (>1 m diameter) with small-diameter substrates at their bases. Diver surveys revealed egg presence at all 40 boulders surveyed, exclusively associated with clean gravel-cobble (0.6–42 cm) substrates in undercut areas beneath overhanging edges of boulders and in narrow spaces between adjacent boulders. Egg presence was not associated with boulder or substrate physical characteristics which highlighted the possible importance of interstitial currents. Successful incubation in these habitats was inferred by capture of free embryos and post-embryos the following spring using traps and an electrofishing ROV although at lower densities than at popular spawning habitats nearby (1–3 km away). Free embryos and post-embryos were also caught where eggs were not observed the previous fall including unexpectedly on top of boulders which suggested that post-hatch stages may move more than previously thought. Extensive use of boulder-associated habitats for spawning, egg incubation, and early growth suggested this undescribed habitat type may provide an unanticipated contribution to total available lake trout spawning habitat and recruitment in the Great Lakes.
During explosive volcanic eruptions, large quantities of tephra can be dispersed and deposited over wide areas. Following deposition, subsequent aeolian remobilisation of ash can potentially exacerbate primary impacts on timescales of months to millennia. Recent ash remobilisation events (e.g., following eruptions of Cordón Caulle 2011; Chile, and Eyjafjallajökull 2010, Iceland) have highlighted this to be a recurring phenomenon with consequences for human health, economic sectors, and critical infrastructure. Consequently, scientists from observatories and Volcanic Ash Advisory Centers (VAACs), as well as researchers from fields including volcanology, aeolian processes and soil sciences, convened at the San Carlos de Bariloche headquarters of the Argentinian National Institute of Agricultural Technology to discuss the “state of the art” for field studies of remobilised deposits as well as monitoring, modeling and understanding ash remobilisation. In this article, we identify practices for field characterisation of deposits and active processes, including mapping, particle characterisation and sediment traps. Furthermore, since forecast models currently rely on poorly-constrained dust emission schemes, we call for laboratory and field measurements to better parameterise the flux of volcanic ash as a function of friction velocity. While source area location and extent are currently the primary inputs for dispersion models, once emission schemes become more sophisticated and better constrained, other parameters will also become important (e.g., source material volume and properties, effective precipitation, type and distribution of vegetation cover, friction velocity). Thus, aeolian ash remobilisation hazard and associated impact assessment require systematic monitoring, including the development of a regularly-updated spatial database of resuspension source areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers Media","doi":"10.3389/feart.2020.575184","usgsCitation":"Jarvis, P.A., Bonadonna, C., Dominguez, L., Forte, P., Frischknecht, C., Bran, D., Aguilar, R., Beckett, F., Elissondo, M., Gillies, J., Kueppers, U., Merrison, J., Varley, N., and Wallace, K.L., 2020, Aeolian remobilisation of volcanic ash: Outcomes of a workshop in the Argentinian Patagonia: Frontiers in Earth Science, v. 8, 575184, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.575184.","productDescription":"575184, 9 p.","ipdsId":"IP-120112","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467270,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.575184","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":463343,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-11-27","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jarvis, Paul A.","contributorId":345634,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jarvis","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":82666,"text":"Department of Earth Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":917147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bonadonna, Costanza","contributorId":345635,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bonadonna","given":"Costanza","affiliations":[{"id":82666,"text":"Department of Earth Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":917148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dominguez, Lucia","contributorId":345636,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dominguez","given":"Lucia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":82666,"text":"Department of Earth Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":917149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Forte, Pablo","contributorId":345637,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Forte","given":"Pablo","affiliations":[{"id":82667,"text":"IDEAN (UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":917150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Frischknecht, Corine","contributorId":345638,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Frischknecht","given":"Corine","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":82666,"text":"Department of Earth Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":917151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bran, Donaldo","contributorId":345639,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bran","given":"Donaldo","affiliations":[{"id":82668,"text":"Institute of National Agricultural Technology, San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":917152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Aguilar, Rigoberto","contributorId":345640,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aguilar","given":"Rigoberto","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":82669,"text":"INGEMMET, Observatorio Vulcanológico del INGEMMET, Arequipa, Peru","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":917153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Beckett, Frances","contributorId":345641,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beckett","given":"Frances","affiliations":[{"id":36557,"text":"Met Office, Exeter, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":917154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Elissondo, Manuela","contributorId":345642,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elissondo","given":"Manuela","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":82670,"text":"Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino (SEGEMAR), Buenos Aires, Argentina","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":917155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Gillies, John","contributorId":345643,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gillies","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":82671,"text":"Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":917156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Kueppers, Ulrich","contributorId":345644,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kueppers","given":"Ulrich","affiliations":[{"id":82672,"text":"Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximillans-Universität München, Munich, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":917157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Merrison, Jonathan","contributorId":345645,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Merrison","given":"Jonathan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":82673,"text":"Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":917158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Varley, Nick","contributorId":345646,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Varley","given":"Nick","affiliations":[{"id":82674,"text":"Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Colima, Colima, Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":917159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Wallace, Kristi L. 0000-0002-0962-048X kwallace@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0962-048X","contributorId":3454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"Kristi","email":"kwallace@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":917160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70216842,"text":"70216842 - 2020 - Evaluating the impacts of foreshore sand and birds on microbiological contamination at a freshwater beach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-10T12:47:42.117676","indexId":"70216842","displayToPublicDate":"2020-11-26T08:00:43","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3716,"text":"Water Research","onlineIssn":"1879-2448","printIssn":"0043-1354","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating the impacts of foreshore sand and birds on microbiological contamination at a freshwater beach","docAbstract":"Beaches along the Great Lakes shorelines are important recreational and economic resources. However, contamination at the beaches can threaten their usage during the swimming season, potentially resulting in beach closures and/or advisories. Thus, understanding the dynamics that control nearshore water quality is integral to effective beach management. There have been significant improvements in this effort, including incorporating modeling (empirical, mechanistic) in recent years. Mechanistic modeling frameworks can contribute to this understanding of dynamics by determining sources and interactions that substantially impact fecal indicator bacteria concentrations, an index routinely used in water quality monitoring programs. To simulate E. coli concentrations at Jeorse Park beaches in southwest Lake Michigan, a coupled hydrodynamic and wave–current interaction model was developed that progressively added contaminant sources from river inputs, avian presence, bacteria–sediment interactions, and bacteria–sand–sediment interactions. Results indicated that riverine inputs affected E. coli concentrations at Jeorse Park beaches only marginally, while avian, shoreline sand, and sediment sources were much more substantial drivers of E. coli contamination at the beach. By including avian and riverine inputs, as well as bacteria–sand–sediment interactions at the beach, models can reasonably capture the variability in observed E. coli concentrations in nearshore water and bed sediments at Jeorse Park beaches. Consequently, it will be crucial to consider avian contamination sources and water-sand-sediment interactions in effective management of the beach for public health and as a recreational resource and to extend these findings to similar beaches affected by shoreline embayment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2020.116671","usgsCitation":"Saffaie, A., Weiskerger, C.J., Nevers, M., Byappanahalli, M., and Phanikumar, M.S., 2020, Evaluating the impacts of foreshore sand and birds on microbiological contamination at a freshwater beach: Water Research, v. 190, 116671, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2020.116671.","productDescription":"116671, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-120391","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":381163,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illlinois","city":"Chicago","otherGeospatial":"Jeorse Park Beach","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.440185546875,\n 41.64803176818231\n ],\n [\n -87.43228912353514,\n 41.64803176818231\n ],\n [\n -87.43228912353514,\n 41.656625449889276\n ],\n [\n -87.440185546875,\n 41.656625449889276\n ],\n [\n -87.440185546875,\n 41.64803176818231\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"190","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saffaie, Ammar","contributorId":245601,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Saffaie","given":"Ammar","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":806590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weiskerger, Chelsea J.","contributorId":150865,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weiskerger","given":"Chelsea","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":18126,"text":"National Park Service, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":806591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nevers, Meredith B. 0000-0001-6963-6734","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6963-6734","contributorId":201531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nevers","given":"Meredith B.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":806592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara 0000-0001-5376-597X byappan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5376-597X","contributorId":147923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byappanahalli","given":"Muruleedhara","email":"byappan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":806593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Phanikumar, Mantha S.","contributorId":208872,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Phanikumar","given":"Mantha","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":806594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70224312,"text":"70224312 - 2020 - Post-fire vegetation response in a repeatedly burned low-elevation sagebrush steppe protected area provides insights about resilience and invasion resistance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-21T12:37:06.443373","indexId":"70224312","displayToPublicDate":"2020-11-26T07:33:24","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3910,"text":"Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution","onlineIssn":"2296-701X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Post-fire vegetation response in a repeatedly burned low-elevation sagebrush steppe protected area provides insights about resilience and invasion resistance","docAbstract":"Sagebrush steppe ecosystems are threatened by human land-use legacies, biological invasions, and altered fire and climate dynamics. Steppe protected areas are therefore of heightened conservation importance but are few and vulnerable to the same impacts broadly affecting sagebrush steppe. To address this problem, sagebrush steppe conservation science is increasingly emphasizing a focus on resilience to fire and resistance to non-native annual grass invasion as a decision framework. It is well-established that the positive feedback loop between fire and annual grass invasion is the driving process of most contemporary steppe degradation. We use a newly developed ordinal zero-augmented beta regression model fit to large-sample vegetation monitoring data from John Day Fossil Beds National Monument, USA, spanning 7 years to evaluate fire responses of two native perennial foundation bunchgrasses and two non-native invasive annual grasses in a repeatedly burned, historically grazed, and inherently low-resilient protected area. We structured our model hierarchically to support inferences about variation among ecological site types and over time after also accounting for growing-season water deficit, fine-scale topographic variation, and burn severity. We use a state-and-transition conceptual diagram and abundances of plants listed in ecological site reference conditions to formalize our hypothesis of fire-accelerated transition to ecologically novel annual grassland. Notably, big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) and other woody species were entirely removed by fire. The two perennial grasses, bluebunch wheatgrass (Pseudoroegneria spicata) and Thurber's needlegrass (Achnatherum thurberianum) exhibited fire resiliency, with no apparent trend after fire. The two annual grasses, cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) and medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae), increased in response to burn severity, most notably medusahead. Surprisingly, we found no variation in grass cover among ecological sites, suggesting fire-driven homogenization as shrubs were removed and annual grasses became dominant. We found contrasting responses among all four grass species along gradients of topography and water deficit, informative to protected-area conservation strategies. The fine-grained influence of topography was particularly important to variation in cover among species and provides a foothold for conservation in low-resilient, aridic steppe. Broadly, our study demonstrates how to operationalize resilience and resistance concepts for protected areas by integrating empirical data with conceptual and statistical models.