{"pageNumber":"567","pageRowStart":"14150","pageSize":"25","recordCount":69035,"records":[{"id":70101829,"text":"70101829 - 2014 - Predicting the effects of climate change on ecosystems and wildlife habitat in northwest Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-09T15:39:27.836914","indexId":"70101829","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-15T09:51:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":691,"text":"Alaska Park Science","printIssn":"1545- 496","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting the effects of climate change on ecosystems and wildlife habitat in northwest Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>We used a modeling framework and a recent ecological land classification and land cover map to predict how ecosystems and wildlife habitat in northwest Alaska might change in response to increasing temperature. Our results suggest modest increases in forest and tall shrub ecotypes in Northwest Alaska by the end of this century thereby increasing habitat for forest-dwelling and shrub-using birds and mammals. Conversely, we predict declines in several more open low shrub, tussock, and meadow ecotypes favored by many waterbird, shorebird, and small mammal species.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service","usgsCitation":"DeGange, A.R., Marcot, B., Lawler, J., Jorgenson, T., and Winfree, R., 2014, Predicting the effects of climate change on ecosystems and wildlife habitat in northwest Alaska: Alaska Park Science, v. 12, no. 2, p. 66-73.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"66","endPage":"73","ipdsId":"IP-046323","costCenters":[{"id":113,"text":"Alaska Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286353,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287956,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.nps.gov/articles/aps-v12-i2-c12.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -166.03,64.98 ], [ -166.03,67.03 ], [ -149.79,67.03 ], [ -149.79,64.98 ], [ -166.03,64.98 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"12","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"534e46d3e4b0cdc4f9717045","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeGange, Anthony R. tdegange@usgs.gov","contributorId":139765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeGange","given":"Anthony","email":"tdegange@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":492783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marcot, Bruce G.","contributorId":58015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marcot","given":"Bruce G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lawler, James","contributorId":54510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawler","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jorgenson, Torre","contributorId":45380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jorgenson","given":"Torre","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Winfree, Robert","contributorId":33619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winfree","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70101828,"text":"70101828 - 2014 - The interactive effects of climate change, riparian management, and a non-native predators on stream-rearing salmon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-24T17:40:46","indexId":"70101828","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-15T09:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The interactive effects of climate change, riparian management, and a non-native predators on stream-rearing salmon","docAbstract":"Predicting how climate change is likely to interact with myriad other stressors that threaten species of conservation concern is an essential challenge in aquatic ecosystems. This study provides a framework to accomplish this task in salmon-bearing streams of the northwestern United States, where land-use related reductions in riparian shading have caused changes in stream thermal regimes, and additional warming from projected climate change may result in significant losses of coldwater fish habitat over the next century. Predatory non-native smallmouth bass have also been introduced into many northwestern streams and their range is likely to expand as streams warm, presenting an additional challenge to the persistence of threatened Pacific salmon. The goal of this work was to forecast the interactive effects of climate change, riparian management, and non-native species on stream-rearing salmon, and to evaluate the capacity of restoration to mitigate these effects. We intersected downscaled global climate forecasts with a local-scale water temperature model to predict mid- and end-of-century temperatures in streams in the Columbia River basin; we compared one stream that is thermally impaired due to the loss of riparian vegetation and another that is cooler and has a largely intact riparian corridor. Using the forecasted stream temperatures in conjunction with fish-habitat models, we predicted how stream-rearing Chinook salmon and bass distributions would change as each stream warmed. In the highly modified stream, end-of-century warming may cause near total loss of Chinook salmon rearing habitat and a complete invasion of the upper watershed by bass. In the less modified stream, bass were thermally restricted from the upstream-most areas. In both systems, temperature increases resulted in higher predicted spatial overlap between stream-rearing Chinook salmon and potentially predatory bass in the early summer (2-4-fold increase) and greater abundance of bass. We found that riparian restoration could prevent the extirpation of Chinook salmon from the more altered stream, and could also restrict bass from occupying the upper 31 km of salmon rearing habitat. The proposed methodology and model predictions are critical for prioritizing climate-change adaptation strategies before salmonids are exposed to both warmer water and greater predation risk by non-native species.","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/13-0753.1","usgsCitation":"Lawrence, D.J., Stewart-Koster, B., Olden, J., Ruesch, A.S., Torgersen, C., Lawler, J.J., Butcher, D.P., and Crown, J.K., 2014, The interactive effects of climate change, riparian management, and a non-native predators on stream-rearing salmon: Ecological Applications, v. 24, no. 4, p. 895-912, https://doi.org/10.1890/13-0753.1.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"895","endPage":"912","ipdsId":"IP-049655","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473050,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/13-0753.1","text":"External Repository"},{"id":286351,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River Basin, John Day River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.3987,44.3985 ], [ -119.3987,45.4026 ], [ -117.9865,45.4026 ], [ -117.9865,44.3985 ], [ -119.3987,44.3985 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"24","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"534e46d3e4b0cdc4f9717049","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lawrence, David J.","contributorId":34374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stewart-Koster, Ben","contributorId":77841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart-Koster","given":"Ben","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Olden, Julian D.","contributorId":66951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olden","given":"Julian D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ruesch, Aaron S.","contributorId":26559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruesch","given":"Aaron","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Torgersen, Christian E. 0000-0001-8325-2737","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8325-2737","contributorId":48143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torgersen","given":"Christian E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lawler, Joshua J.","contributorId":73327,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lawler","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Butcher, Don P.","contributorId":80183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butcher","given":"Don","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Crown, Julia K.","contributorId":40122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crown","given":"Julia","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70157147,"text":"70157147 - 2014 - Late Holocene vegetation, climate, and land-use impacts on carbon dynamics in the Florida Everglades","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-08T11:56:50.651293","indexId":"70157147","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Holocene vegetation, climate, and land-use impacts on carbon dynamics in the Florida Everglades","docAbstract":"<p><span>Tropical and subtropical peatlands are considered a significant carbon sink. The Florida Everglades includes 6000-km</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;of peat-accumulating wetland; however, detailed carbon dynamics from different environments within the Everglades have not been extensively studied or compared. Here we present carbon accumulation rates from 13 cores and 4 different environments, including sawgrass ridges and sloughs, tree islands, and marl prairies, whose hydroperiods and vegetation communities differ. We find that the lowest rates of C accumulation occur in sloughs in the southern Everglades. The highest rates are found where hydroperiods are generally shorter, including near-tails of tree islands and drier ridges. Long-term average rates of 100 to &gt;200&nbsp;g&nbsp;C&nbsp;m</span><sup>&minus;2</sup><span>&nbsp;yr</span><sup>&minus;1</sup><span>&nbsp;are as high, and in some cases, higher than rates recorded from the tropics and 10&ndash;20 times higher than boreal averages. C accumulation rates were impacted by both the Medieval Climate Anomaly and the Little Ice Age, but the largest impacts to C accumulation rates over the Holocene record have been the anthropogenic changes associated with expansion of agriculture and construction of canals and levees to control movement of surface water. Water management practices in the 20th century have altered the natural hydroperiods and fire regimes of the Everglades. The Florida Everglades as a whole has acted as a significant carbon sink over the mid- to late-Holocene, but reduction of the spatial extent of the original wetland area, as well as the alteration of natural hydrology in the late 19th and 20th centuries, have significantly reduced the carbon sink capacity of this subtropical wetland.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.02.010","usgsCitation":"Jones, M.C., Bernhardt, C.E., and Willard, D.A., 2014, Late Holocene vegetation, climate, and land-use impacts on carbon dynamics in the Florida Everglades: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 90, p. 90-105, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.02.010.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"90","endPage":"105","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053289","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308320,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.0943368389809,\n              25.087571683298293\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.7268386805381,\n              25.02642462707145\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.53933962010848,\n              25.029822485930083\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.44559008989326,\n              25.016230486056457\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.1643414992484,\n              25.440266192853315\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.17184146166566,\n              25.58917370312868\n            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cbernhardt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0082-4731","contributorId":2131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernhardt","given":"Christopher","email":"cbernhardt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Willard, Debra A. 0000-0003-4878-0942 dwillard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4878-0942","contributorId":2076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willard","given":"Debra","email":"dwillard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24693,"text":"Climate Research and 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,{"id":70100253,"text":"ds831 - 2014 - Flow monitoring along the western Tamiami Trail between County Road 92 and State Road 29 in support of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan, 2007-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-14T14:59:09","indexId":"ds831","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-14T14:42:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"831","title":"Flow monitoring along the western Tamiami Trail between County Road 92 and State Road 29 in support of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan, 2007-2010","docAbstract":"<p>The construction of U.S. Highway 41 (Tamiami Trail), the Southern Golden Gate Estates development, and the Barron River Canal has altered the flow of freshwater to the Ten Thousand Islands estuary of Southwest Florida. Two restoration projects, the Picayune Strand Restoration Project and the Tamiami Trail Culverts Project, both associated with the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan, were initiated to address this issue. Quantifying the flow of freshwater to the estuary is essential to assessing the effectiveness of these projects.</p>\n<br>\n<p>The U.S. Geological Survey conducted a study between March 2006 and September 2010 to quantify the freshwater flowing under theTamiami Trail between County Road 92 and State Road 29 in southwest Florida, excluding the Faka Union Canal (which is monitored by South Florida Water Management District). The study period was after the completion of the Tamiami Trail Culverts Project and prior to most of the construction related to the Picayune Restoration Project. The section of the Tamiami Trail that was studied contains too many structures (35 bridges and 16 culverts) to cost-effectively measure each structure on a continuous basis, so the area was divided into seven subbasins. One bridge within each of the subbasins was instrumented with an acoustic Doppler velocity meter. The index velocity method was used to compute discharge at the seven instrumented bridges. Periodic discharge measurements were made at all structures, using acoustic Doppler current profilers at bridges and acoustic Doppler velocity meters at culverts. Continuous daily mean values of discharge for the uninstrumented structures were calculated on the basis of relations between the measured discharge at the uninstrumented stations and the discharge and stage at the instrumented bridge. Estimates of daily mean discharge are available beginning in 2006 or 2007 through September 2010 for all structures. Subbasin comparison is limited to water years 2008–2010.</p>\n<br>\n<p>The Faka Union Canal contributed more than half (on average 60 percent) of the flow under the Tamiami Trail between State Road 29 and County Road 92 during water years 2008–2010. During water years 2008–2010, an average 9 percent of the flow through the study area came from west of the Faka Union Canal and an average 31 percent came from east of the Faka Union Canal. Flow data provided by this study serve as baseline information about the seasonal and spatial distribution of freshwater flow under the Tamiami Trail between County Road 92 and State Road 29, and study results provide data to evaluate restoration efforts.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds831","issn":"2327-638X","collaboration":"Prepared as part of the Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Science initiative and in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Booth, A., Soderqvist, L.E., and Berry, M.C., 2014, Flow monitoring along the western Tamiami Trail between County Road 92 and State Road 29 in support of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan, 2007-2010: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 831, Report: v, 24 p.; 3 Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds831.","productDescription":"Report: v, 24 p.; 3 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2007-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-052058","costCenters":[{"id":285,"text":"Florida Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286341,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds831.jpg"},{"id":286337,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0831/pdf/ds831.pdf"},{"id":286338,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0831/appendix/ds831_app1.xlsx"},{"id":286339,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0831/appendix/ds831_app2.xlsx"},{"id":286340,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0831/appendix/ds831_app3.xlsx"},{"id":286336,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0831/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Tamiami Trail","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.906857,25.831031 ], [ -81.906857,26.413366 ], [ -81.449066,26.413366 ], [ -81.449066,25.831031 ], [ -81.906857,25.831031 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5351703ce4b05569d805a208","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Booth, Amanda 0000-0002-2666-2366 acbooth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2666-2366","contributorId":5432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Booth","given":"Amanda","email":"acbooth@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Soderqvist, Lars E.","contributorId":92358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderqvist","given":"Lars","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Berry, Marcia C. mcberry@usgs.gov","contributorId":5521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"Marcia","email":"mcberry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":492125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70049062,"text":"fs20133102 - 2014 - Water resources of St. Mary Parish, Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-06-12T13:27:38.545991","indexId":"fs20133102","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-14T14:25:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-3102","title":"Water resources of St. Mary Parish, Louisiana","docAbstract":"Information concerning the availability, use, and quality of water in St. Mary Parish, Louisiana, is critical for proper water-supply management. The purpose of this fact sheet is to present information that can be used by water managers, parish residents, and others for management of this vital resource. Information on the availability, past and current use, use trends, and water quality from groundwater and surface-water sources in the parish is presented. Previously published reports and data stored in the U.S. Geological Survey’s National Water Information System (<a href=\"http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis\">http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis</a>) are the primary sources of the information presented here.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20133102","issn":"2327-6932","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development","usgsCitation":"Prakken, L., White, V.E., and Lovelace, J.K., 2014, Water resources of St. Mary Parish, Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2013-3102, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20133102.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051029","costCenters":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286334,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20133102.jpg"},{"id":286332,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3102/"},{"id":286333,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3102/pdf/fs2013-3102.pdf"},{"id":505518,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_99891.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Albers Equal-Area Conic projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","county":"St. Mary Parish","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.0,29.333333 ], [ -92.0,30.0 ], [ -91.0,30.0 ], [ -91.0,29.333333 ], [ -92.0,29.333333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5351706ee4b05569d805a448","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prakken, Lawrence B.","contributorId":73978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prakken","given":"Lawrence B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, Vincent E. 0000-0002-1660-0102 vwhite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1660-0102","contributorId":5388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Vincent","email":"vwhite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lovelace, John K. 0000-0002-8532-2599 jlovelac@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8532-2599","contributorId":999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovelace","given":"John","email":"jlovelac@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70101724,"text":"70101724 - 2014 - Interactions between waves, sediment, and turbulence on a shallow estuarine mudflat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-15T09:49:07","indexId":"70101724","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-14T13:58:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2315,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interactions between waves, sediment, and turbulence on a shallow estuarine mudflat","docAbstract":"Measurements were collected on a shallow estuarine mudflat in northern San Francisco Bay to examine the physical processes controlling waves, turbulence, sediment resuspension, and their interactions. Tides alone forced weak to moderate currents of 10–30 cm s<sup>-1</sup> in depths of 0–3 m, and maintained a background suspension of 30–50 mg L21 of fine sediment. In the presence of wind waves, bottom orbital velocities spanned 20–30 cm s<sup>-1</sup>, suspended-sediment concentrations (SSC) at 15 and 30 cm above the bed (cmab) increased by 1–2 orders of magnitude, and vertical gradients in SSC were strong enough to produce turbulence-limiting stratification, with gradient Richardson numbers exceeding 0.25. Simultaneously, turbulent\nstresses (decomposed from wave motions) increased by an order of magnitude. The apparent contradiction of energetic turbulence in the presence of strong stratification was reconciled by considering the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) budget: in general, dissipation and buoyancy flux were balanced by local shear production, and each of these terms increased during wave events. The classic wave-current boundary layer model represented\nthe observations qualitatively, but not quantitatively since the velocity profile could not be approximated as logarithmic. Rather, the mean shear was elevated by the Stokes drift return flow and wind-generated surface\nstress, which diffused sediment upward and limited stratification. Our findings highlight a pathway for waves to supply energy to both the production and destruction of turbulence, and demonstrate that in such shallow depths, TKE and SSC can be elevated over more of the water column than predicted by traditional models.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2013JC009477","usgsCitation":"MacVean, L.J., and Lacy, J.R., 2014, Interactions between waves, sediment, and turbulence on a shallow estuarine mudflat: Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans, v. 119, no. 3, p. 1534-1553, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JC009477.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1534","endPage":"1553","ipdsId":"IP-051974","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473051,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2013jc009477","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":286329,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286308,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2013JC009477"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Pablo Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.510483,37.990377 ], [ -122.510483,38.163814 ], [ -122.244364,38.163814 ], [ -122.244364,37.990377 ], [ -122.510483,37.990377 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"119","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-03-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517050e4b05569d805a2f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacVean, Lissa J. lmacvean@usgs.gov","contributorId":4698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacVean","given":"Lissa","email":"lmacvean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":492737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lacy, Jessica R. 0000-0002-2797-6172 jlacy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2797-6172","contributorId":3158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lacy","given":"Jessica","email":"jlacy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70101780,"text":"70101780 - 2014 - Direct measurement of sub-surface mass change using the variable-baseline gravity gradient method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-19T07:11:44","indexId":"70101780","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-14T13:34:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Direct measurement of sub-surface mass change using the variable-baseline gravity gradient method","docAbstract":"Time-lapse gravity data provide a direct, non-destructive method to monitor mass changes at scales from cm to km. But, the effectively infinite spatial sensitivity of gravity measurements can make it difficult to isolate the signal of interest. The variable-baseline gravity gradient method, based on the difference of measurements between two gravimeters, is an alternative to the conventional approach of individually modeling all sources of mass and elevation change. This approach can improve the signal-to-noise ratio for many applications by removing the contributions of Earth tides, loading, and other signals that have the same effect on both gravimeters. At the same time, this approach can focus the support volume within a relatively small user-defined region of the subsurface. The method is demonstrated using paired superconducting gravimeters to make for the first time a large-scale, non-invasive measurement of infiltration wetting front velocity and change in water content above the wetting front.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2014GL059673","usgsCitation":"Kennedy, J., Ferré, T., Guntner, A., Abe, M., and Creutzfeldt, B., 2014, Direct measurement of sub-surface mass change using the variable-baseline gravity gradient method: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 41, no. 8, p. 2827-2834, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL059673.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2827","endPage":"2834","numberOfPages":"8","ipdsId":"IP-055776","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473053,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014gl059673","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":286326,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517034e4b05569d805a1c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kennedy, Jeffrey 0000-0002-3365-6589","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3365-6589","contributorId":101124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Jeffrey","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ferré, Ty P.A.","contributorId":35647,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ferré","given":"Ty P.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guntner, Andreas","contributorId":19476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guntner","given":"Andreas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Abe, Maiko","contributorId":8381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abe","given":"Maiko","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Creutzfeldt, Benjamin","contributorId":60128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Creutzfeldt","given":"Benjamin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70101265,"text":"gip156 - 2014 - Coastal storm monitoring in Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-14T13:19:00","indexId":"gip156","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-14T13:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":315,"text":"General Information Product","code":"GIP","onlineIssn":"2332-354X","printIssn":"2332-3531","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"156","title":"Coastal storm monitoring in Virginia","docAbstract":"<p>Coastal communities in Virginia are prone to flooding, particularly during hurricanes, nor’easters, and other coastal low-pressure systems. These weather systems affect public safety, personal and public property, and valuable infrastructure, such as transportation, water and sewer, and electric-supply networks.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Local emergency managers, utility operators, and the public are tasked with making difficult decisions regarding evacuations, road closures, and post-storm recovery efforts as a result of coastal flooding. In coastal Virginia these decisions often are made on the basis of anecdotal knowledge from past events or predictions based on data from monitoring sites located far away from the affected area that may not reflect local conditions.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Preventing flood hazards, such as hurricane-induced storm surge, from becoming human disasters requires an understanding of the relative risks that flooding poses to specific communities. The risk to life and property can be very high if decisions about evacuations and road closures are made too late or not at all.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/gip156","issn":"2332-354X","usgsCitation":"Wicklein, S., and Bennett, M., 2014, Coastal storm monitoring in Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey General Information Product 156, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/gip156.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051451","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286321,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/gip156.jpg"},{"id":286319,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/0156/"},{"id":286320,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/0156/pdf/gip156.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -77.5231,36.5408 ], [ -77.5231,39.466 ], [ -75.2422,39.466 ], [ -75.2422,36.5408 ], [ -77.5231,36.5408 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5351702ee4b05569d805a19c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wicklein, Shaun 0000-0003-4551-1237 smwickle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4551-1237","contributorId":3389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wicklein","given":"Shaun","email":"smwickle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37280,"text":"Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center ","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bennett, Mark mrbennet@usgs.gov","contributorId":2147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"Mark","email":"mrbennet@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":492646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70101772,"text":"70101772 - 2014 - Trends in precipitation, runoff, and evapotranspiration for rivers draining to the Gulf of Maine in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-06T08:32:09","indexId":"70101772","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-14T12:33:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2344,"text":"Journal of Hydrometeorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trends in precipitation, runoff, and evapotranspiration for rivers draining to the Gulf of Maine in the United States","docAbstract":"Climate warming is projected to result in increases in total annual precipitation in northeastern North America. The response of runoff to increases in precipitation is likely to be more complex because increasing evapotranspiration (ET) could counteract increasing precipitation. This study was conducted to examine these competing trends in the historical record for 22 rivers having >70 yr of runoff data. Annual (water year) average precipitation increased in all basins, with increases ranging from 0.9 to 3.12 mm yr<sup>−1</sup>. Runoff increased in all basins with increases ranging from 0.67 to 2.58 mm yr<sup>−1</sup>. The ET was calculated by using a water balance approach in which changes in terrestrial water storage were considered negligible. ET increased in 16 basins and decreased in 6 basins. Temporal trends in temperature, precipitation, runoff, and ET were also calculated for each basin over their respective periods of record for runoff and for the consistent period (1927–2011) for the area-weighted average of the nine largest non-nested basins. From 1927 through 2011, precipitation and runoff increased at average rates of 1.6 and 1.7 mm yr<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, and ET increased slightly at a rate of 0.18 mm yr<sup>−1</sup>. For the more recent period (1970–2011), there was a positive trend in ET of 1.9 mm yr<sup>−1</sup>. The lack of a more consistent increase in ET, compared with the increases in precipitation and runoff, for the full periods of record, was unexpected, but may be explained by various factors including decreasing wind speed, increasing cloudiness, decreasing vapor pressure deficit, and patterns of forest growth.","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/JHM-D-13-018.1","usgsCitation":"Huntington, T.G., and Billmire, M., 2014, Trends in precipitation, runoff, and evapotranspiration for rivers draining to the Gulf of Maine in the United States: Journal of Hydrometeorology, v. 15, no. 2, p. 726-743, https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-13-018.1.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"726","endPage":"743","ipdsId":"IP-045940","costCenters":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473054,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-13-018.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":286313,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -72.5124,42.9561 ], [ -72.5124,47.4598 ], [ -66.9251,47.4598 ], [ -66.9251,42.9561 ], [ -72.5124,42.9561 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"15","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5351706be4b05569d805a41f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huntington, Thomas G. 0000-0002-9427-3530 thunting@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9427-3530","contributorId":1884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntington","given":"Thomas","email":"thunting@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Billmire, M.","contributorId":61339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Billmire","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70098431,"text":"ofr20141059 - 2014 - Spatial and stratigraphic distribution of water in oil shale of the Green River Formation using Fischer Assay, Piceance Basin, northwestern Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-14T11:29:07","indexId":"ofr20141059","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-14T11:22:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1059","title":"Spatial and stratigraphic distribution of water in oil shale of the Green River Formation using Fischer Assay, Piceance Basin, northwestern Colorado","docAbstract":"The spatial and stratigraphic distribution of water in oil shale of the Eocene Green River Formation in the Piceance Basin of northwestern Colorado was studied in detail using some 321,000 Fischer assay analyses in the U.S. Geological Survey oil-shale database. The oil-shale section was subdivided into 17 roughly time-stratigraphic intervals, and the distribution of water in each interval was assessed separately. This study was conducted in part to determine whether water produced during retorting of oil shale could provide a significant amount of the water needed for an oil-shale industry. Recent estimates of water requirements vary from 1 to 10 barrels of water per barrel of oil produced, depending on the type of retort process used. Sources of water in Green River oil shale include (1) free water within clay minerals; (2) water from the hydrated minerals nahcolite (NaHCO<sub>3</sub>), dawsonite (NaAl(OH)<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>), and analcime (NaAlSi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub>.H<sub>2</sub>0); and (3) minor water produced from the breakdown of organic matter in oil shale during retorting. The amounts represented by each of these sources vary both stratigraphically and areally within the basin. Clay is the most important source of water in the lower part of the oil-shale interval and in many basin-margin areas. Nahcolite and dawsonite are the dominant sources of water in the oil-shale and saline-mineral depocenter, and analcime is important in the upper part of the formation. Organic matter does not appear to be a major source of water. The ratio of water to oil generated with retorting is significantly less than 1:1 for most areas of the basin and for most stratigraphic intervals; thus water within oil shale can provide only a fraction of the water needed for an oil-shale industry.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141059","issn":"2331-1258","usgsCitation":"Johnson, R.C., Mercier, T.J., and Brownfield, M.E., 2014, Spatial and stratigraphic distribution of water in oil shale of the Green River Formation using Fischer Assay, Piceance Basin, northwestern Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1059, iv, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141059.","productDescription":"iv, 57 p.","numberOfPages":"62","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-050922","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286311,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141059.jpg"},{"id":286310,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1059/pdf/ofr2014-1059.pdf"},{"id":286309,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1059/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Green River;Piceance Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.0,39.0 ], [ -112.0,43.0 ], [ -107.0,43.0 ], [ -107.0,39.0 ], [ -112.0,39.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517064e4b05569d805a3c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Ronald C. 0000-0002-6197-5165 rcjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6197-5165","contributorId":1550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Ronald","email":"rcjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mercier, Tracey J. 0000-0002-8232-525X tmercier@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8232-525X","contributorId":2847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mercier","given":"Tracey","email":"tmercier@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brownfield, Michael E. 0000-0003-3633-1138 mbrownfield@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3633-1138","contributorId":1548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brownfield","given":"Michael","email":"mbrownfield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70048373,"text":"70048373 - 2014 - Uncertainty, robustness, and the value of information in managing a population of northern bobwhites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-11T14:38:01","indexId":"70048373","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-11T14:33:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uncertainty, robustness, and the value of information in managing a population of northern bobwhites","docAbstract":"The abundance of northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) has decreased throughout their range. Managers often respond by considering improvements in harvest and habitat management practices, but this can be challenging if substantial uncertainty exists concerning the cause(s) of the decline. We were interested in how application of decision science could be used to help managers on a large, public management area in southwestern Florida where the bobwhite is a featured species and where abundance has severely declined. We conducted a workshop with managers and scientists to elicit management objectives, alternative hypotheses concerning population limitation in bobwhites, potential management actions, and predicted management outcomes. Using standard and robust approaches to decision making, we determined that improved water management and perhaps some changes in hunting practices would be expected to produce the best management outcomes in the face of uncertainty about what is limiting bobwhite abundance. We used a criterion called the expected value of perfect information to determine that a robust management strategy may perform nearly as well as an optimal management strategy (i.e., a strategy that is expected to perform best, given the relative importance of different management objectives) with all uncertainty resolved. We used the expected value of partial information to determine that management performance could be increased most by eliminating uncertainty over excessive-harvest and human-disturbance hypotheses. Beyond learning about the factors limiting bobwhites, adoption of a dynamic management strategy, which recognizes temporal changes in resource and environmental conditions, might produce the greatest management benefit. Our research demonstrates that robust approaches to decision making, combined with estimates of the value of information, can offer considerable insight into preferred management approaches when great uncertainty exists about system dynamics and the effects of management.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.682","usgsCitation":"Johnson, F.A., Hagan, G., Palmer, W., and Kemmerer, M., 2014, Uncertainty, robustness, and the value of information in managing a population of northern bobwhites: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 78, no. 3, p. 531-539, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.682.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"531","endPage":"539","numberOfPages":"9","ipdsId":"IP-046114","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286305,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286304,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.682"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Charlotte County","otherGeospatial":"Fred C. 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Webb Wildlife Management Area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.973436,26.798844 ], [ -81.973436,26.94691 ], [ -81.759653,26.94691 ], [ -81.759653,26.798844 ], [ -81.973436,26.798844 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"78","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-03-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5351706ce4b05569d805a42b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Fred A. 0000-0002-5854-3695 fjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5854-3695","contributorId":2773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Fred","email":"fjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hagan, Greg","contributorId":60129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagan","given":"Greg","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Palmer, William E.","contributorId":64157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palmer","given":"William E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kemmerer, Michael","contributorId":85090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kemmerer","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70094373,"text":"fs20143011 - 2014 - Characterization of stormwater at selected South Carolina Department of Transportation maintenance yards and section shed facilities in Ballentine, Conway, and North Charleston, South Carolina, 2010-12","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-06-23T21:24:56.278755","indexId":"fs20143011","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-11T14:16:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3011","title":"Characterization of stormwater at selected South Carolina Department of Transportation maintenance yards and section shed facilities in Ballentine, Conway, and North Charleston, South Carolina, 2010-12","docAbstract":"<p>Increased impervious surfaces (driveways, parking lots, and buildings) and human activities (residential, industrial, and commercial) have been linked to substantial changes in both the quality and quantity of stormwater on a watershed scale (Brabec and others, 2002; Pitt and Maestre, 2005). Small-scale storage and equipment repair facilities increase impervious surfaces that prevent infiltration of stormwater, and these facilities accommodate activities that can introduce trace metals, organic compounds, and other contaminants to the facility’s grounds. Thus, these small facilities may contribute pollutants to the environment during storm events (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1992).</p>\n\n<br>\n\n<p>The South Carolina Department of Transportation (SCDOT) operates section shed and maintenance yard facilities throughout the State. Prior to this investigation, the SCDOT had no data to define the quality of stormwater leaving these facilities. To provide these data, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the SCDOT, conducted an investigation to identify and quantify constituents that are transported in stormwater from two maintenance yards and a section shed in three different areas of South Carolina. The two maintenance yards, in North Charleston and Conway, S.C., were selected because they represent facilities where equipment and road maintenance materials are stored and complete equipment repair operations are conducted. The section shed, in Ballentine, S.C., was selected because it is a facility that stores equipment and road maintenance material. Characterization of the constituents that were transported in stormwater from these representative SCDOT maintenance facilities may be used by the SCDOT in the development of stormwater management plans for similar section shed and maintenance yard facilities throughout the State to improve stormwater quality.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143011","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Journey, C.A., and Conlon, K.J., 2014, Characterization of stormwater at selected South Carolina Department of Transportation maintenance yards and section shed facilities in Ballentine, Conway, and North Charleston, South Carolina, 2010-12: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014-3011, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143011.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-052435","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water 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,{"id":70098182,"text":"ofr20141058 - 2014 - Hydrogeology of the Old Faithful area, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, and its relevance to natural resources and infrastructure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-13T09:04:51","indexId":"ofr20141058","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-11T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1058","title":"Hydrogeology of the Old Faithful area, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, and its relevance to natural resources and infrastructure","docAbstract":"<p>A panel of leading experts (The Old Faithful Science Review Panel) was convened by Yellowstone National Park (YNP) to review and summarize the geological and hydrological understanding that can inform National Park Service management of the Upper Geyser Basin area. We give an overview of present geological and hydrological knowledge of the Old Faithful hydrothermal (hot water) system and related thermal areas in the Upper Geyser Basin. We prioritize avenues for improving our understanding of key knowledge gaps that limit informed decision-making regarding human use in this fragile natural landscape. Lastly, we offer guidelines to minimize impacts to the hydrothermal system that could be used to aid decisions by park management.</p>\n<p>Old Faithful sits within the Upper Geyser Basin, an area of abundant hydrothermal activity where boiling waters extend from the surface to significant depth within glacial sediments and underlying volcanic rocks. The geyser systems are directly fed by waters recharged decades to millennia ago, which are surrounded by colder, younger waters. Activity of the geysers is controlled by complex subsurface plumbing with fractures and conduits separated by regions of low permeability. Observations over the past century indicate that the thermal areas and their features are both fragile and highly dynamic. Although Old Faithful has erupted regularly for the past 150 years, it exhibits changes in eruptive behavior over time, and the average interval between eruptions has increased by about 50 percent over the past 50 years. It is clear that human activity has modified the hydrothermal system in the past; conversely, natural features pose ongoing hazards to humans and human infrastructure.</p>\n<p>Current (2014) long-term programs to measure heat discharge by chloride-flux monitoring, and more recently by thermal-infrared imaging, are crucial for assessing the status of the hydrothermal system. Complementary studies could include airborne resistivity, environmental tracers, numerical modeling, and greater emphasis on measuring the discharge of water during geyser eruptions. Such data are needed to better understand the subsurface plumbing systems that feed the geysers. Further understanding can be gained through installation of shallow groundwater observation wells, surface geophysical studies, and direct measurement of temperature gradients near the surface. It also is critical to archive existing data from all studies in a manner that will be readily accessible to scientists and decision makers. Monitoring and data collection can be achieved through the YNP geology program, by direct funding to other groups, or by encouraging and facilitating externally funded research.</p>\n<p>There are many documented examples at YNP and elsewhere where human infrastructure and natural thermal features have negatively affected each other. Unless action is taken, human conflicts with the Old Faithful hydrothermal system are likely to increase over the coming years. This is partly because of the increase in park visitation over the past decades, but also because the interval between eruptions of Old Faithful has increased, lengthening the time spent (and services needed) for each visitor at Old Faithful. To avoid an increase in visitor impacts, the National Park Service should consider 2 alternate strategies to accommodate people, vehicles, and services in the Upper Geyser Basin, such as shuttle services from staging (parking and dining) areas with little or no recent hydrothermal activity. We further suggest that YNP consider a zone system to guide maintenance and development of infrastructure in the immediate Old Faithful area. A &ldquo;red&rdquo; zone includes hydrothermally active land where new development is discouraged and existing infrastructure is modified with great care. An outer &ldquo;green&rdquo; zone represents areas where cooler temperatures and less hydrothermal flow are thought to exist, and where development and maintenance could proceed as occurs elsewhere in the park. An intermediate &ldquo;yellow&rdquo; zone would require preliminary assessment of subsurface temperatures and gas concentrations to assess suitability for infrastructure development. The panel recommends that YNP management follow the lead of the National Park System Advisory Board Science Committee (2012) by applying the &ldquo;precautionary principle&rdquo; when making decisions regarding the interaction of hydrothermal phenomena and park infrastructure in the Old Faithful area and other thermal areas within YNP.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141058","issn":"2331-1258","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service and the Yellowstone Park Foundation","usgsCitation":"Old Faithful Science Review Panel, Foley, D., Fournier, R.O., Heasler, H.P., Hinckley, B., Ingebritsen, S.E., Lowenstern, J.B., and Susong, D.D., 2014, Hydrogeology of the Old Faithful area, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, and its relevance to natural resources and infrastructure: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1058, vi, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141058.","productDescription":"vi, 28 p.","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051536","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286288,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141058.jpg"},{"id":286286,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1058/"},{"id":286287,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1058/pdf/ofr2014-1058.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Old Faithful, Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110.875,44.45 ], [ -110.875,44.483333 ], [ -110.816667,44.483333 ], [ -110.816667,44.45 ], [ -110.875,44.45 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517047e4b05569d805a260","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Old Faithful Science Review Panel","contributorId":128280,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Old Faithful Science Review Panel","id":535635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foley, Duncan","contributorId":52076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foley","given":"Duncan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fournier, Robert O.","contributorId":73202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fournier","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Heasler, Henry P.","contributorId":65935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heasler","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hinckley, Bern","contributorId":52485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinckley","given":"Bern","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ingebritsen, Steven E. 0000-0001-6917-9369 seingebr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6917-9369","contributorId":818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingebritsen","given":"Steven","email":"seingebr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lowenstern, Jacob B. 0000-0003-0464-7779 jlwnstrn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0464-7779","contributorId":2755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowenstern","given":"Jacob","email":"jlwnstrn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Susong, David D. ddsusong@usgs.gov","contributorId":1040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Susong","given":"David","email":"ddsusong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70101051,"text":"fs20143028 - 2014 - Extreme drought: Summary of hydrologic conditions in Georgia, 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-06-24T18:31:02.977709","indexId":"fs20143028","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-11T10:28:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3028","title":"Extreme drought: Summary of hydrologic conditions in Georgia, 2012","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Georgia Water Science Center (GaWSC) maintains a long-term hydrologic monitoring network of more than 330 real-time streamgages, including 10 real-time lake-level monitoring stations, 63 real-time water-quality monitors, and 48 water-quality sampling stations. Additionally, the GaWSC operates more than 180 groundwater monitoring wells, 42 of which are real-time. 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,{"id":70093575,"text":"sir20145019 - 2014 - Remediation scenarios for attenuating peak flows and reducing sediment transport in Fountain Creek, Colorado, 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-11T08:00:45","indexId":"sir20145019","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-11T07:48:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5019","title":"Remediation scenarios for attenuating peak flows and reducing sediment transport in Fountain Creek, Colorado, 2013","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Fountain Creek Watershed, Flood Control and Greenway District assessed remediation scenarios to attenuate peak flows and reduce sediment loads in the Fountain Creek watershed. To evaluate these strategies, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Hydrologic Engineering Center (HEC) hydrologic and hydraulic models were employed.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers modeling system HEC-HMS (Hydrologic Modeling System) version 3.5 was used to simulate runoff in the Fountain Creek watershed, Colorado, associated with storms of varying magnitude and duration. Rain-gage precipitation data and radar-based precipitation data from the April 28–30, 1999, and September 14–15, 2011, storm events were used in the calibration process for the HEC-HMS model. The curve number and lag time for each subwatershed and Manning's roughness coefficients for each channel reach were adjusted within an acceptable range so that the simulated and measured streamflow hydrographs for each of the 12 USGS streamgages approximated each other.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers modeling system HEC-RAS (River Analysis System) versions 4.1 and 4.2 were used to simulate streamflow and sediment transport, respectively, for the Fountain Creek watershed generated by a particular storm event. Data from 15 USGS streamgages were used for model calibration and 7 of those USGS streamgages were used for model validation. The calibration process consisted of comparing the simulated water-surface elevations and the cross-section-averaged velocities from the model with those surveyed in the field at the cross section at the corresponding 15 and 7 streamgages, respectively. The final Manning’s roughness coefficients were adjusted between –30 and 30 percent at the 15 calibration streamgages from the original left, right, and channel-averaged Manning's roughness coefficients upon completion of calibration.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers modeling system HEC-RAS version 4.2 was used to simulate streamflow and sediment transport for the Fountain Creek watershed generated by a design-storm event. The Laursen-Copeland sediment-transport function was used in conjunction with the Exner 5 sorting method and the Ruby fall-velocity method to predict sediment transport. Six USGS streamgages equipped with suspended-sediment samplers were used to develop sediment-flow rating curves for the sediment-transport-model calibration. The critical Shields number in the Laursen-Copeland sediment-transport function and the volume of sediment available at a given cross section were adjusted during the HEC-RAS sediment-model calibration process.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>HEC-RAS model simulations used to evaluate the 14 remediation scenarios were based on unsteady-state streamflows associated with a 24-hour, 1-percent annual exceedance probability (100-year) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Type II precipitation event. Scenario 0 represents the baseline or current conditions in the watershed and was used to compare the remaining 13 scenarios. Scenarios 1–8 and 12 rely on side-detention facilities to reduce peak flows and sediment transport. Scenario 9 has a diversion channel, and scenario 10 has a reservoir. Scenarios 11 and 13 incorporate channel armoring and channel widening, respectively. Scenarios 8 and 10, the scenario with the most side-detention facilities, and the scenario with the reservoir, respectively, were the most effective at reducing sediment transport and peak flow at the Pueblo, Colorado, streamgage. Scenarios 8 and 10 altered the peak flow by –58.9 and –56.4 percent, respectively. In turn, scenarios 8 and 10 altered the sediment transport by –17.7 and –62.1 percent, respectively.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145019","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Fountain Creek Watershed, Flood Control and Greenway District","usgsCitation":"Kohn, M.S., Fulton, J.W., Williams, C.A., and Stogner, 2014, Remediation scenarios for attenuating peak flows and reducing sediment transport in Fountain Creek, Colorado, 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5019, ix, 62 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145019.","productDescription":"ix, 62 p.","numberOfPages":"76","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053256","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286229,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5019/"},{"id":286236,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5019/pdf/sir2014-5019.pdf"},{"id":286237,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145019.jpg"}],"projection":"Colorado State Plane","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Fountain Creek","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.2998,38.2455 ], [ -105.2998,39.1716 ], [ -104.2993,39.1716 ], [ -104.2993,38.2455 ], [ -105.2998,38.2455 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5351705fe4b05569d805a38e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kohn, Michael S. 0000-0002-5989-7700 mkohn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5989-7700","contributorId":4549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kohn","given":"Michael","email":"mkohn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fulton, John W. 0000-0002-5335-0720 jwfulton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5335-0720","contributorId":2298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fulton","given":"John","email":"jwfulton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, Cory A. 0000-0003-1461-7848 cawillia@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1461-7848","contributorId":689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Cory","email":"cawillia@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stogner 0000-0002-3185-1452 rstogner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3185-1452","contributorId":938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stogner","email":"rstogner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":490056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70095745,"text":"sir20145039 - 2014 - Development of a regionally consistent geospatial dataset of agricultural lands in the Upper Colorado River Basin, 2007-10","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-25T10:35:41","indexId":"sir20145039","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-10T15:48:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5039","title":"Development of a regionally consistent geospatial dataset of agricultural lands in the Upper Colorado River Basin, 2007-10","docAbstract":"<p>Irrigation in arid environments can alter the natural rate at which salts are dissolved and transported to streams. Irrigated agricultural lands are the major anthropogenic source of dissolved solids in the Upper Colorado River Basin (UCRB). Understanding the location, spatial distribution, and irrigation status of agricultural lands and the method used to deliver water to agricultural lands are important to help improve the understanding of agriculturally derived dissolved-solids loading to surface water in the UCRB. Irrigation status is the presence or absence of irrigation on an agricultural field during the selected growing season or seasons. Irrigation method is the system used to irrigate a field. Irrigation method can broadly be grouped into sprinkler or flood methods, although other techniques such as drip irrigation are used in the UCRB. Flood irrigation generally causes greater dissolved-solids loading to streams than sprinkler irrigation. Agricultural lands in the UCRB mapped by state agencies at varying spatial and temporal resolutions were assembled and edited to represent conditions in the UCRB between 2007 and 2010. Edits were based on examination of 1-meter resolution aerial imagery collected between 2009 and 2011. Remote sensing classification techniques were used to classify irrigation status for the June to September growing seasons between 2007 and 2010. The final dataset contains polygons representing approximately 1,759,900 acres of agricultural lands in the UCRB. Approximately 66 percent of the mapped agricultural lands were likely irrigated during the study period.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145039","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation and Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Buto, S.G., Gold, B.L., and Jones, K.A., 2014, Development of a regionally consistent geospatial dataset of agricultural lands in the Upper Colorado River Basin, 2007-10: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5039, Report: iv, 20 p.; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145039.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 20 p.; Metadata","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-042655","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286227,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145039.jpg"},{"id":286222,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5039/"},{"id":286226,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/lookup/getspatial?sir2014_5039_UCRBAgriculture"},{"id":286225,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5039/pdf/sir2014-5039.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Upper Colorado River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.69937133789062,\n              36.730079507078415\n            ],\n            [\n              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L. 0000-0002-6446-8855 bgold@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6446-8855","contributorId":5141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gold","given":"Brittany","email":"bgold@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, Kimberly A. kjones@usgs.gov","contributorId":937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Kimberly","email":"kjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":491422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70056494,"text":"cir1389 - 2014 - Toxoplasmosis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-25T14:19:59","indexId":"cir1389","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-10T13:25:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1389","title":"Toxoplasmosis","docAbstract":"Toxoplasmosis (<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>), one of the better known and more widespread zoonotic diseases, originated in wildlife species and is now well established as a human malady. Food- and waterborne zoonoses, such as toxoplasmosis, are receiving increasing attention as components of disease emergence and resurgence. Toxoplasmosis is transmitted to humans via consumption of contaminated food or water, and nearly one-third of humanity has been exposed to this parasite. The role of wildlife in this transmission process is becoming more clearly known and is outlined in this report. This zoonotic disease also causes problems in wildlife species across the globe. Future generations of humans will continue to be jeopardized by toxoplasmosis infections in addition to many of the other zoonotic diseases that have emerged during the past century. Through monitoring toxoplasmosis infection levels in wildlife populations, we will be better able to predict future human infection levels of this important zoonotic disease.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1389","usgsCitation":"Hill, D., Dubey, J., Abbott, R.C., van Riper, C., and Enright, E.A., 2014, Toxoplasmosis: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1389, Report: viii, 89 p.; Report: high resolution, https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1389.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 89 p.; Report: high resolution","numberOfPages":"102","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-022254","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286202,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir1389.jpg"},{"id":286199,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1389/"},{"id":286200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1389/pdf/circ1389.pdf"},{"id":286201,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1389/pdf/circ1389_highres.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5351706be4b05569d805a41b","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Abbott, Rachel C. 0000-0003-4820-9295 rabbott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4820-9295","contributorId":1183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abbott","given":"Rachel","email":"rabbott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509640,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"van Riper, Charles III 0000-0003-1084-5843 charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1084-5843","contributorId":169488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Riper","given":"Charles","suffix":"III","email":"charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":509641,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Enright, Elizabeth A. eenright@usgs.gov","contributorId":240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Enright","given":"Elizabeth","email":"eenright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":509639,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Hill, Dolores E.","contributorId":37649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Dolores E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dubey, J. P.","contributorId":80609,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dubey","given":"J. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Abbott, Rachel C. 0000-0003-4820-9295 rabbott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4820-9295","contributorId":1183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abbott","given":"Rachel","email":"rabbott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"van Riper, Charles III 0000-0003-1084-5843 charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1084-5843","contributorId":169488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Riper","given":"Charles","suffix":"III","email":"charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":486557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Enright, Elizabeth A. eenright@usgs.gov","contributorId":240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Enright","given":"Elizabeth","email":"eenright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":486554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70099924,"text":"sir20145057 - 2014 - Simulated effects of existing and proposed surface-water impoundments and gas-well pads on streamflow and suspended sediment in the Cypress Creek watershed, Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-14T09:25:54","indexId":"sir20145057","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-10T11:33:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5057","title":"Simulated effects of existing and proposed surface-water impoundments and gas-well pads on streamflow and suspended sediment in the Cypress Creek watershed, Arkansas","docAbstract":"<p>Cypress Creek is located in central Arkansas and is the main tributary to Brewer Lake, which serves as the primary water supply for Conway, Arkansas, and the surrounding areas. A model of the Cypress Creek watershed was developed and calibrated in cooperation with Southwestern Energy Company using detailed precipitation, streamflow, and discrete suspended-sediment data collected from 2009 through 2012. These data were used with a Hydrologic Simulation Program&mdash;FORTRAN model to address different potential gas-extraction activities within the watershed.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>The calibrated Hydrologic Simulation Program&mdash;FORTRAN model was used to simulate four land-use scenarios and examine the potential effects of these land-use changes on the streamflow and water quality within the Cypress Creek watershed. These simulated scenarios included (1) the conversion of all nonforested land to forest, representing a time period before extensive grazing activities and no gas-extraction activities; (2) a land-use change to that of 1949, representing a time period with some grazing activities and no gas-extraction activities; (3) a time period with current land-use conditions, but without any gas-extraction activities, that is, the exclusion of gas-well pads/pipelines, associated gravel roads, and surface-water impoundments; and (4) a time period with current land-use conditions, but with increased gas-extraction activities (for example, increased gas-well pad and surface-water impoundment activities) to represent a possible future natural gas full-development condition for the area.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>A current-conditions simulation also was built and calibrated and represents the current conditions (2013) within the watershed. This simulation was used as the comparison basis for the four land-use scenarios described above. The current-conditions simulation used the 2006 land-use conditions, which consisted primarily of forest and pasture, as well as the current (2013) 35 gas-well pads and pipelines and 6 surface-water impoundments, which account for approximately 1.6 percent of the land use. Simulating a time period before extensive-grazing activities and no gas-extraction activities for scenario 1 resulted in a decrease in suspended-sediment loads and volume of streamflow within the Cypress Creek watershed compared to the current-conditions simulation. Simulating a time period before any gas-extraction activities but with some grazing activities for scenario 2 also resulted in a decrease in suspended-sediment loads and volume of streamflow within the Cypress Creek watershed. Simulating current conditions, but without any natural gas-pad land use or related activities (including pipelines and associated gravel roads), for scenario 3 resulted in mostly unchanged suspended-sediment loads and volume of streamflow within the Cypress Creek watershed, as compared to the current-conditions simulation. Finally, simulating potential future conditions of increased gas-well pad and surface-water impoundment activities for scenario 4 resulted in a decrease (compared to the current-conditions simulation) in suspended-sediment loads and a slight increase of volume of streamflow within the Cypress Creek watershed.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>The Arkansas Natural Resources Commission and the Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality list suspended sediment from &ldquo;poor pastures&rdquo; as a primary source of nonpoint-source pollution in north-central Arkansas, but unpaved (gravel) roads are another important source of suspended sediment. Because of the high sediment-loading rates associated with gravel roads and the large amount of pasture within the watershed, the factors most responsible for suspended sediment within the Cypress Creek watershed are likely associated more with the pastureland and gravel roads, than factors associated with gas-well pads/pipelines.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145057","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Southwestern Energy Company","usgsCitation":"Hart, R.M., 2014, Simulated effects of existing and proposed surface-water impoundments and gas-well pads on streamflow and suspended sediment in the Cypress Creek watershed, Arkansas (Originally posted April 10, 2014; Version 1.1: April 16, 2016): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5057, v, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145057.","productDescription":"v, 36 p.","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054270","costCenters":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286180,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145057.jpg"},{"id":286178,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5057/"},{"id":286179,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5057/pdf/sir2014-5057.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","city":"Conway","otherGeospatial":"Brewer Lake;Cypress Creek","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.748504,35.029964 ], [ -92.748504,35.400913 ], [ -92.429371,35.400913 ], [ -92.429371,35.029964 ], [ -92.748504,35.029964 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Originally posted April 10, 2014; Version 1.1: April 16, 2016","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517061e4b05569d805a3a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hart, Rheannon M. 0000-0003-4657-5945 rmhart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4657-5945","contributorId":5516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Rheannon","email":"rmhart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70101650,"text":"70101650 - 2014 - A review of environmental impacts of salts from produced waters on aquatic resources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-04T16:35:40","indexId":"70101650","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-10T10:31:34","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A review of environmental impacts of salts from produced waters on aquatic resources","docAbstract":"Salts are frequently a major constituent of waste waters produced during oil and gas production. These produced waters or brines must be treated and/or disposed and provide a daily challenge for operators and resource managers. Some elements of salts are regulated with water quality criteria established for the protection of aquatic wildlife, e.g. chloride (Cl<sup>−</sup>), which has an acute standard of 860 mg/L and a chronic standard of 230 mg/L. However, data for establishing such standards has only recently been studied for other components of produced water, such as bicarbonate (HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>), which has acute median lethal concentrations (LC50s) ranging from 699 to > 8000 mg/L and effects on chronic toxicity from 430 to 657 mg/L. While Cl− is an ion of considerable importance in multiple geographical regions, knowledge about the effects of hardness (calcium and magnesium) on its toxicity and about mechanisms of toxicity is not well understood. A multiple-approach design that combines studies of both individuals and populations, conducted both in the laboratory and the field, was used to study toxic effects of bicarbonate (as NaHCO<sub>3</sub>). This approach allowed interpretations about mechanisms related to growth effects at the individual level that could affect populations in the wild. However, additional mechanistic data for HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>, related to the interactions of calcium (Ca<sup>2 +</sup>) precipitation at the microenvironment of the gill would dramatically increase the scientific knowledge base about how NaHCO<sub>3</sub> might affect aquatic life. Studies of the effects of mixtures of multiple salts present in produced waters and more chronic effect studies would give a better picture of the overall potential toxicity of these ions. Organic constituents in hydraulic fracturing fluids, flowback waters, etc. are a concern because of their carcinogenic properties and this paper is not meant to minimize the importance of maintaining vigilance with respect to potential organic contamination.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2013.12.006","usgsCitation":"Farag, A., and Harper, D., 2014, A review of environmental impacts of salts from produced waters on aquatic resources: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 126, p. 157-161, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2013.12.006.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"157","endPage":"161","ipdsId":"IP-049236","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286284,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286281,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2013.12.006"}],"volume":"126","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53516ef9e4b05569d8059f34","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Farag, Aïda M.","contributorId":85880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farag","given":"Aïda M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harper, David D.","contributorId":102946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harper","given":"David D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70059037,"text":"70059037 - 2014 - Testing the accuracy of a 1-D volcanic plume model in estimating mass eruption rate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-11T10:56:51","indexId":"70059037","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-10T09:23:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2316,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Testing the accuracy of a 1-D volcanic plume model in estimating mass eruption rate","docAbstract":"During volcanic eruptions, empirical relationships are used to estimate mass eruption rate from plume height. Although simple, such relationships can be inaccurate and can underestimate rates in windy conditions. One-dimensional plume models can incorporate atmospheric conditions and give potentially more accurate estimates. Here I present a 1-D model for plumes in crosswind and simulate 25 historical eruptions where plume height <i>H</i><sub>obs</sub> was well observed and mass eruption rate <i>M</i><sub>obs</sub> could be calculated from mapped deposit mass and observed duration. The simulations considered wind, temperature, and phase changes of water. Atmospheric conditions were obtained from the National Center for Atmospheric Research Reanalysis 2.5° model. Simulations calculate the minimum, maximum, and average values (<i>M</i><sub>min</sub>, <i>M</i><sub>max</sub>, and <i>M</i><sub>avg</sub>) that fit the plume height. Eruption rates were also estimated from the empirical formula <i>M</i><sub>empir</sub> = 140<i>H</i><sub>obs</sub><i><sup>4.14</sup></i> (<i>M</i><sub>empir</sub> is in kilogram per second, <i>H</i><sub>obs</sub> is in kilometer). For these eruptions, the standard error of the residual in log space is about 0.53 for <i>M</i><sub>avg</sub> and 0.50 for <i>M</i><sub>empir</sub>. Thus, for this data set, the model is slightly less accurate at predicting <i>M</i><sub>obs</sub> than the empirical curve. The inability of this model to improve eruption rate estimates may lie in the limited accuracy of even well-observed plume heights, inaccurate model formulation, or the fact that most eruptions examined were not highly influenced by wind. For the low, wind-blown plume of 14–18 April 2010 at Eyjafjallajökull, where an accurate plume height time series is available, modeled rates do agree better with <i>M</i><sub>obs</sub> than <i>M</i><sub>empir</sub>.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2013JD020604","usgsCitation":"Mastin, L.G., 2014, Testing the accuracy of a 1-D volcanic plume model in estimating mass eruption rate: Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, v. 119, no. 5, p. 2474-2495, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JD020604.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"2474","endPage":"2495","numberOfPages":"22","ipdsId":"IP-046214","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473059,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2013jd020604","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":286120,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"119","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-03-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517066e4b05569d805a3dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mastin, Larry G. 0000-0002-4795-1992 lgmastin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4795-1992","contributorId":555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastin","given":"Larry","email":"lgmastin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70099232,"text":"fs20143023 - 2014 - The Southeast Stream Quality Assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-05T12:16:39","indexId":"fs20143023","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-10T09:19:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3023","title":"The Southeast Stream Quality Assessment","docAbstract":"<p>In 2014, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water-Quality Assessment Program (NAWQA) is assessing stream quality across the Piedmont and southern Appalachian Mountains in the southeastern United States. The goal of the Southeast Stream Quality Assessment (SESQA) is to characterize multiple water-quality factors that are stressors to aquatic life&mdash;contaminants, nutrients, sediment, and streamflow alteration&mdash;and the relation of these stressors to ecological conditions in streams throughout the region. Findings will provide communities and policymakers with information on which human and environmental factors are the most critical in controlling stream quality and, thus, provide insights about possible approaches to protect or improve stream quality. The SESQA study will be the second regional study by the NAWQA program, and it will be of similar design and scope as the Midwest Stream Quality Assessment conducted in 2013 (Van Metre and others, 2012).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143023","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Van Metre, P., and Journey, C.A., 2014, The Southeast Stream Quality Assessment: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014-3023, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143023.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055400","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286119,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20143023.jpg"},{"id":286116,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3023/pdf/fs2014-3023.pdf"},{"id":286117,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3023/"}],"projection":"Web Mercator Projection","country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, West Virginia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84.0,34.0 ], [ -84.0,40.0 ], [ -79.0,40.0 ], [ -79.0,34.0 ], [ -84.0,34.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517069e4b05569d805a405","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Metre, Peter C.","contributorId":34104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Metre","given":"Peter C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Journey, Celeste A. 0000-0002-2284-5851 cjourney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2284-5851","contributorId":2617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Journey","given":"Celeste","email":"cjourney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":491882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70101175,"text":"70101175 - 2014 - Greenhouse gases generated from the anaerobic biodegradation of natural offshore asphalt seepages in southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-29T14:48:17","indexId":"70101175","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-10T08:40:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1742,"text":"Geo-Marine Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Greenhouse gases generated from the anaerobic biodegradation of natural offshore asphalt seepages in southern California","docAbstract":"Significant offshore asphaltic deposits with active seepage occur in the Santa Barbara Channel offshore southern California. The composition and isotopic signatures of gases sampled from the oil and gas seeps reveal that the coexisting oil in the shallow subsurface is anaerobically biodegraded, generating CO<sub>2</sub> with secondary CH<sub>4</sub> production. Biomineralization can result in the consumption of as much as 60% by weight of the original oil, with <sup>13</sup>C enrichment of CO<sub>2</sub>. Analyses of gas emitted from asphaltic accumulations or seeps on the seafloor indicate up to 11% CO<sub>2</sub> with <sup>13</sup>C enrichment reaching +24.8‰. Methane concentrations range from less than 30% up to 98% with isotopic compositions of –34.9 to –66.1‰. Higher molecular weight hydrocarbon gases are present in strongly varying concentrations reflecting both oil-associated gas and biodegradation; propane is preferentially biodegraded, resulting in an enriched <sup>13</sup>C isotopic composition as enriched as –19.5‰. Assuming the 132 million barrels of asphaltic residues on the seafloor represent ~40% of the original oil volume and mass, the estimated gas generated is 5.0×1010 kg (~76×109 m<sup>3</sup>) CH<sub>4</sub> and/or 1.4×1011 kg CO<sub>2</sub> over the lifetime of seepage needed to produce the volume of these deposits. Geologic relationships and oil weathering inferences suggest the deposits are of early Holocene age or even younger. Assuming an age of ~1,000 years, annual fluxes are on the order of 5.0×107 kg (~76×106 m<sup>3</sup>) and/or 1.4×108 kg for CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub>, respectively. The daily volumetric emission rate (2.1×105 m<sup>3</sup>) is comparable to current CH<sub>4</sub> emission from Coal Oil Point seeps (1.5×105 m<sup>3</sup>/day), and may be a significant source of both CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> to the atmosphere provided that the gas can be transported through the water column.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geo-Marine Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00367-014-0359-1","usgsCitation":"Lorenson, T., Wong, F.L., Dartnell, P., and Sliter, R.W., 2014, Greenhouse gases generated from the anaerobic biodegradation of natural offshore asphalt seepages in southern California: Geo-Marine Letters, v. 34, no. 2-3, p. 281-295, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00367-014-0359-1.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"281","endPage":"295","numberOfPages":"15","ipdsId":"IP-049273","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286112,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286081,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00367-014-0359-1"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Santa Barbara Channel","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.562226,34.01231 ], [ -120.562226,34.526411 ], [ -119.498612,34.526411 ], [ -119.498612,34.01231 ], [ -120.562226,34.01231 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"34","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517043e4b05569d805a238","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lorenson, T.D. tlorenson@usgs.gov","contributorId":2622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenson","given":"T.D.","email":"tlorenson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":492639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wong, Florence L. 0000-0002-3918-5896 fwong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3918-5896","contributorId":1990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wong","given":"Florence","email":"fwong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dartnell, Peter 0000-0002-9554-729X pdartnell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9554-729X","contributorId":2688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dartnell","given":"Peter","email":"pdartnell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sliter, Ray W. 0000-0003-0337-3454 rsliter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0337-3454","contributorId":1992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sliter","given":"Ray","email":"rsliter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70101080,"text":"70101080 - 2014 - From headwaters to coast: Influence of human activities on water quality of the Potomac River Estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-02T07:05:42","indexId":"70101080","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-09T13:26:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":866,"text":"Aquatic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"From headwaters to coast: Influence of human activities on water quality of the Potomac River Estuary","docAbstract":"The natural aging process of Chesapeake Bay and its tributary estuaries has been accelerated by human activities around the shoreline and within the watershed, increasing sediment and nutrient loads delivered to the bay. Riverine nutrients cause algal growth in the bay leading to reductions in light penetration with consequent declines in sea grass growth, smothering of bottom-dwelling organisms, and decreases in bottom-water dissolved oxygen as algal blooms decay. Historically, bay waters were filtered by oysters, but declines in oyster populations from overfishing and disease have led to higher concentrations of fine-sediment particles and phytoplankton in the water column. Assessments of water and biological resource quality in Chesapeake Bay and tributaries, such as the Potomac River, show a continual degraded state. In this paper, we pay tribute to Owen Bricker’s comprehensive, holistic scientific perspective using an approach that examines the connection between watershed and estuary. We evaluated nitrogen inputs from Potomac River headwaters, nutrient-related conditions within the estuary, and considered the use of shellfish aquaculture as an in-the-water nutrient management measure. Data from headwaters, nontidal, and estuarine portions of the Potomac River watershed and estuary were analyzed to examine the contribution from different parts of the watershed to total nitrogen loads to the estuary. An eutrophication model was applied to these data to evaluate eutrophication status and changes since the early 1990s and for comparison to regional and national conditions. A farm-scale aquaculture model was applied and results scaled to the estuary to determine the potential for shellfish (oyster) aquaculture to mediate eutrophication impacts. Results showed that (1) the contribution to nitrogen loads from headwater streams is small (about 2 %) of total inputs to the Potomac River Estuary; (2) eutrophic conditions in the Potomac River Estuary have improved in the upper estuary since the early 1990s, but have worsened in the lower estuary. The overall system-wide eutrophication impact is high, despite a decrease in nitrogen loads from the upper basin and declining surface water nitrate nitrogen concentrations over that period; (3) eutrophic conditions in the Potomac River Estuary are representative of Chesapeake Bay region and other US estuaries; moderate to high levels of nutrient-related degradation occur in about 65 % of US estuaries, particularly river-dominated low-flow systems such as the Potomac River Estuary; and (4) shellfish (oyster) aquaculture could remove eutrophication impacts directly from the estuary through harvest but should be considered a complement—not a substitute—for land-based measures. The total nitrogen load could be removed if 40 % of the Potomac River Estuary bottom was in shellfish cultivation; a combination of aquaculture and restoration of oyster reefs may provide larger benefits.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10498-014-9226-y","issn":"13806165","usgsCitation":"Bricker, S.B., Rice, K.C., and Bricker, O.P., 2014, From headwaters to coast: Influence of human activities on water quality of the Potomac River Estuary: Aquatic Geochemistry, v. 20, no. 2, p. 291-323, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10498-014-9226-y.","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"291","endPage":"323","ipdsId":"IP-046228","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286015,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":333173,"rank":2,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70115891","text":"Response to comment"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Potomac River Estuary","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80.4772,37.8139 ], [ -80.4772,40.788 ], [ -75.9119,40.788 ], [ -75.9119,37.8139 ], [ -80.4772,37.8139 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"20","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5351703de4b05569d805a20c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bricker, Suzanne B.","contributorId":64555,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bricker","given":"Suzanne","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":12448,"text":"U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":492591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rice, Karen C. 0000-0002-9356-5443 kcrice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9356-5443","contributorId":1998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Karen","email":"kcrice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":492589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bricker, Owen P. III","contributorId":34432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bricker","given":"Owen","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70099978,"text":"fs20143024 - 2014 - Groundwater studies: principal aquifer surveys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-23T09:59:01","indexId":"fs20143024","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-09T13:24:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3024","title":"Groundwater studies: principal aquifer surveys","docAbstract":"<p>In 1991, the U.S. Congress established the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program within the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to develop nationally consistent long-term datasets and provide information about the quality of the Nation’s streams and groundwater. The USGS uses objective and reliable data, water-quality models, and systematic scientific studies to assess current water-quality conditions, to identify changes in water quality over time, and to determine how natural factors and human activities affect the quality of streams and groundwater. NAWQA is the only non-regulatory Federal program to perform these types of studies; participation is voluntary.</p>\n\n<br>\n\n<p>In the third decade (Cycle 3) of the NAWQA program (2013–2023), the USGS will evaluate the quality and availability of groundwater for drinking supply, improve our understanding of where and why water quality is degraded, and assess how groundwater quality could respond to changes in climate and land use. These goals will be addressed through the implementation of a new monitoring component in Cycle 3: Principal Aquifer Surveys.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143024","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program","usgsCitation":"Burow, K.R., and Belitz, K., 2014, Groundwater studies: principal aquifer surveys: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014-3024, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143024.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","ipdsId":"IP-049808","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286011,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20143024.jpg"},{"id":286008,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70101379,"text":"70101379 - 2014 - Water use characteristics of black mangrove (Avicennia germinans) communities along an ecotone with marsh at a northern geographical limit","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-11T10:17:26","indexId":"70101379","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-09T10:03:07","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1447,"text":"Ecohydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water use characteristics of black mangrove (Avicennia germinans) communities along an ecotone with marsh at a northern geographical limit","docAbstract":"Mangroves are expanding into warm temperate-zone salt marsh communities in several locations globally. Although scientists have discovered that expansion might have modest effects on ecosystem functioning, water use characteristics have not been assessed relative to this transition. We measured early growing season sapflow (J<sub>s</sub>) and leaf transpiration (T<sub>r</sub>) in Avicennia germinans at a latitudinal limit along the northern Gulf of Mexico (Louisiana, United States) under both flooded and drained states and used these data to scale vegetation water use responses in comparison with Spartina alterniflora. We discovered strong convergence when using either J<sub>s</sub> or T<sub>r</sub> for determining individual tree water use, indicating tight connection between transpiration and xylem water movement in small Avicennia trees. When T<sub>r</sub> data were combined with leaf area indices for the region with the use of three separate approaches, we determined that Avicennia stands use approximately 1·0–1·3 mm d<sup>–1</sup> less water than Spartina marsh. Differences were only significant with the use of two of the three approaches, but are suggestive of net conservation of water as Avicennia expands into Spartina marshes at this location. Average J<sub>s</sub> for Avicennia trees was not influenced by flooding, but maximum J<sub>s</sub> was greater when sites were flooded. Avicennia and Spartina closest to open water (shoreline) used more water than interior locations of the same assemblages by an average of 1·3 mm d<sup>−1</sup>. Lower water use by Avicennia may indicate a greater overall resilience to drought relative to Spartina, such that aperiodic drought may interact with warmer winter temperatures to facilitate expansion of Avicennia in some years.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecohydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley Online Library","doi":"10.1002/eco.1353","usgsCitation":"Krauss, K.W., McKee, K.L., and Hester, M.W., 2014, Water use characteristics of black mangrove (Avicennia germinans) communities along an ecotone with marsh at a northern geographical limit: Ecohydrology, v. 7, no. 2, p. 354-365, https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.1353.","startPage":"354","endPage":"365","ipdsId":"IP-038229","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286249,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286246,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eco.1353"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -91,28.5 ], [ -91,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -89,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -89,28.5 ], [ -91,28.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"7","issue":"2","edition":"12 p.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5351706ee4b05569d805a44a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krauss, Ken W. 0000-0003-2195-0729 kraussk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2195-0729","contributorId":2017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krauss","given":"Ken","email":"kraussk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKee, Karen L. 0000-0001-7042-670X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7042-670X","contributorId":8927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hester, Mark W.","contributorId":9566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hester","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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