{"pageNumber":"569","pageRowStart":"14200","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68919,"records":[{"id":70192096,"text":"70192096 - 2014 - Compositional controls on early diagenetic pathways in fine-grained sedimentary rocks: Implications for predicting unconventional reservoir attributes of mudstones","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-23T15:40:13","indexId":"70192096","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":605,"text":"AAPG Bulletin","printIssn":"0149-1423","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Compositional controls on early diagenetic pathways in fine-grained sedimentary rocks: Implications for predicting unconventional reservoir attributes of mudstones","docAbstract":"<p class=\"abstractnoin\">Diagenesis significantly impacts mudstone lithofacies. Processes operating to control diagenetic pathways in mudstones are poorly known compared to analogous processes occurring in other sedimentary rocks. Selected organic-carbon-rich mudstones, from the Kimmeridge Clay and Monterey Formations, have been investigated to determine how varying starting compositions influence diagenesis.</p><p>The sampled Kimmeridge Clay Formation mudstones are organized into thin homogenous beds, composed mainly of siliciclastic detritus, with some constituents derived from water-column production (e.g., coccoliths, S-depleted type-II kerogen, as much as 52.6% total organic carbon [TOC]) and others from diagenesis (e.g., pyrite, carbonate, and kaolinite). The sampled Monterey Formation mudstones are organized into thin beds that exhibit pelleted wavy lamination, and are predominantly composed of production-derived components including diatoms, coccoliths, and foraminifera, in addition to type-IIS kerogen (as much as 16.5% TOC), and apatite and silica cements.</p><p>During early burial of the studied Kimmeridge Clay Formation mudstones, the availability of detrital Fe(III) and reactive clay minerals caused carbonate- and silicate-buffering reactions to operate effectively and the pore waters to be Fe(II) rich. These conditions led to pyrite, iron-poor carbonates, and kaolinite cements precipitating, preserved organic carbon being S-depleted, and sweet hydrocarbons being generated. In contrast, during the diagenesis of the sampled Monterey Formation mudstones, sulfide oxidation, coupled with opal dissolution and the reduced availability of both Fe(III) and reactive siliciclastic detritus, meant that the pore waters were poorly buffered and locally acidic. These conditions resulted in local carbonate dissolution, apatite and silica cements precipitation, natural kerogen sulfurization, and sour hydrocarbons generation.</p><p>Differences in mud composition at deposition significantly influence subsequent diagenesis. These differences impact their source rock attributes and mechanical properties.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"AAPG","doi":"10.1306/08201311176","usgsCitation":"Keller, M.A., Macquaker, J.H., Taylor, K.G., and Polya, D., 2014, Compositional controls on early diagenetic pathways in fine-grained sedimentary rocks: Implications for predicting unconventional reservoir attributes of mudstones: AAPG Bulletin, v. 98, no. 3, p. 587-603, https://doi.org/10.1306/08201311176.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"587","endPage":"603","ipdsId":"IP-035079","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347163,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"98","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59eeffade4b0220bbd988fcc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keller, Margaret A. mkeller@usgs.gov","contributorId":1017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keller","given":"Margaret","email":"mkeller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Macquaker, Joe H.S.","contributorId":143669,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Macquaker","given":"Joe","email":"","middleInitial":"H.S.","affiliations":[{"id":15294,"text":"Univ. of Newfoundland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":714209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Taylor, Kevin G.","contributorId":197749,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taylor","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Polya, David","contributorId":197748,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Polya","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}}
,{"id":70160811,"text":"70160811 - 2014 - Benthic prey fish assessment, Lake Ontario 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-05T12:20:58","indexId":"70160811","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5114,"text":"NYSDEC Lake Ontario Annual Report ","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"2013","chapter":"12","title":"Benthic prey fish assessment, Lake Ontario 2013","docAbstract":"<p>The 2013 benthic fish assessment was delayed and shortened as a result of the U.S. Government shutdown, however the assessment collected 51 of the 62 planned bottom trawls. </p><p>Over the past 34 years, Slimy Sculpin abundance in Lake Ontario has fluctuated, but ultimately decreased by two orders of magnitude, with a substantial decline occurring in the past 10 years. The 2013 Slimy Sculpin mean bottom trawl catch density (0.001 ind.·m-2, s.d.= 0.0017, n = 52) and mean biomass density (0.015 g·m-2 , s.d.= 0.038, n = 52) were the lowest recorded in the 27 years of sampling using the original bottom trawl design. From 2011-2013, the Slimy Sculpin density and biomass density has decreased by approximately 50% each year. Spring bottom trawl catches illustrate Slimy Sculpin and Round Goby Neogobius melanostoma winter habitat overlaps for as much as 7 months out of a year, providing opportunities for competition and predation. Invasive species, salmonid piscivory, and declines in native benthic invertebrates are likely all important drivers of Slimy Sculpin population dynamics in Lake Ontario.</p><p> Deepwater Sculpin Myoxocephalus thompsonii, considered rare or absent from Lake Ontario for 30 years, have generally increased over the past eight years. For the first time since they were caught in this assessment, Deepwater Sculpin density and biomass density estimates declined from the previous year. The 2013 abundance and density estimates for trawls covering the standard depths from 60m to 150m was 0.0001 fish per square meter and 0.0028 grams per square meter. In 2013, very few small (&lt; 80 mm) Deepwater Sculpin were caught and most sculpin were at sites of 150 meters or greater, which is in contrast to previous years when juvenile fish were caught around 80-100 meters. The reduced effort and late seasonal timing of the 2013 assessment make it difficult to have high confidence in declines observed in 2013, however observed Alewife Alosa psuedoharengus abundance increases and reduced juvenile Deepwater Sculpin catches are consistent with the hypothesis that Alewife negatively influence Deepwater Sculpin recruitment. </p><p>Nonnative Round Gobies were first detected in the USGS/NYSDEC Lake Ontario spring Alewife assessment in 2002. Since that assessment, observations indicate their population has expanded and they are now found along the entire south shore of Lake Ontario, with the highest densities in U.S. waters just east of the Niagara River confluence. In the 2013 spring-based assessment, both the abundance and weight indices increased slightly as compared to 2012. The number index value of 16.6 was 30% of the maximum number observed in 2008 when the number index was 95.2. Round Goby density estimates from the 2013 fall benthic prey fish survey were 33 times greater than fall Slimy Sculpin density, indicating Round Goby are now the dominant Lake Ontario benthic prey fish. </p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"2013 Annual report: Bureau of Fisheries, Lake Ontario unit and St. Lawrence River unit, to the Great Lakes Fishery Commission’s Lake Ontario Committee","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"conferenceTitle":"Lake Ontario Committee Meeting","conferenceDate":"March 26-27, 2014","conferenceLocation":"Windsor, ON","language":"English","publisher":"New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","publisherLocation":"Albany, NY","usgsCitation":"Weidel, B., Walsh, M., and Connerton, M., 2014, Benthic prey fish assessment, Lake Ontario 2013: NYSDEC Lake Ontario Annual Report  2013, 9 p.","productDescription":"9 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PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"593fa839e4b0764e6c6279a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weidel, Brian 0000-0001-6095-2773 bweidel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6095-2773","contributorId":2485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weidel","given":"Brian","email":"bweidel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":583993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walsh, Maureen 0000-0001-7846-5025 mwalsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7846-5025","contributorId":3659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"Maureen","email":"mwalsh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":583992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Connerton, Michael J.","contributorId":25495,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Connerton","given":"Michael J.","affiliations":[{"id":13678,"text":"New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70189231,"text":"70189231 - 2014 - Wildland fire ash: Production, composition and eco-hydro-geomorphic effects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-06T11:37:27","indexId":"70189231","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1431,"text":"Earth-Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wildland fire ash: Production, composition and eco-hydro-geomorphic effects","docAbstract":"<p id=\"sp0005\">Fire transforms fuels (i.e. biomass, necromass, soil organic matter) into materials with different chemical and physical properties. One of these materials is ash, which is the particulate residue remaining or deposited on the ground that consists of mineral materials and charred organic components. The quantity and characteristics of ash produced during a wildland fire depend mainly on (1) the total burned fuel (i.e. fuel load), (2) fuel type and (3) its combustion completeness. For a given fuel load and type, a higher combustion completeness will reduce the ash organic carbon content, increasing the relative mineral content, and hence reducing total mass of ash produced. The homogeneity and thickness of the ash layer can vary substantially in space and time and reported average thicknesses range from close to 0 to 50&nbsp;mm. Ash is a highly mobile material that, after its deposition, may be incorporated into the soil profile, redistributed or removed from a burned site within days or weeks by wind and water erosion to surface depressions, footslopes, streams, lakes, reservoirs and, potentially, into marine deposits.</p><p id=\"sp0010\">Research on the composition, properties and effects of ash on the burned ecosystem has been conducted on material collected in the field after wildland and prescribed fires as well as on material produced in the laboratory. At low combustion completeness (typically T&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;450&nbsp;°C), ash is organic-rich, with organic carbon as the main component. At high combustion completeness (T&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;450&nbsp;°C), most organic carbon is volatized and the remaining mineral ash has elevated pH when in solution. It is composed mainly of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, silicon and phosphorous in the form of inorganic carbonates, whereas at T&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;580&nbsp;°C the most common forms are oxides. Ash produced under lower combustion completeness is usually darker, coarser, and less dense and has a higher saturated hydraulic conductivity than ash with higher combustion completeness, although physical reactions with CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and when moistened produce further changes in ash characteristics.</p><p id=\"sp0015\">As a new material present after a wildland fire, ash can have profound effects on ecosystems. It affects biogeochemical cycles, including the C cycle, not only within the burned area, but also globally. Ash incorporated into the soil increases temporarily soil pH and nutrient pools and changes physical properties such as albedo, soil texture and hydraulic properties including water repellency. Ash modifies soil hydrologic behavior by creating a two-layer system: the soil and the ash layer, which can function in different ways depending on (1) ash depth and type, (2) soil type and (3) rainfall characteristics. Key parameters are the ash's water holding capacity, hydraulic conductivity and its potential to clog soil pores. Runoff from burned areas carries soluble nutrients contained in ash, which can lead to problems for potable water supplies. Ash deposition also stimulates soil microbial activity and vegetation growth.</p><p id=\"sp0020\">Further work is needed to (1) standardize methods for investigating ash and its effects on the ecosystem, (2) characterize ash properties for specific ecosystems and wildland fire types, (3) determine the effects of ash on human and ecosystem health, especially when transported by wind or water, (4) investigate ash's controls on water and soil losses at slope and catchment scales, (5) examine its role in the C cycle, and (6) study its redistribution and fate in the environment.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2013.12.007","usgsCitation":"Bodi, M.B., Martin, D.A., Balfour, V.N., Santin, C., Doerr, S.H., Pereira, P., Cerda, A., and Mataix-Solera, J., 2014, Wildland fire ash: Production, composition and eco-hydro-geomorphic effects: Earth-Science Reviews, v. 130, p. 103-127, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2013.12.007.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"103","endPage":"127","ipdsId":"IP-053418","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343399,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"130","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595f4c42e4b0d1f9f057e360","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bodi, Merche B.","contributorId":194266,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bodi","given":"Merche","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, Deborah A. 0000-0001-8237-0838 damartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8237-0838","contributorId":168662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Deborah","email":"damartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Balfour, Victoria N.","contributorId":194267,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Balfour","given":"Victoria","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Santin, Cristina","contributorId":194268,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Santin","given":"Cristina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Doerr, Stefan H.","contributorId":194269,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Doerr","given":"Stefan","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pereira, Paulo","contributorId":194270,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pereira","given":"Paulo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cerda, Artemi","contributorId":194271,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cerda","given":"Artemi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Mataix-Solera, Jorge","contributorId":194272,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mataix-Solera","given":"Jorge","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70187195,"text":"70187195 - 2014 - Reconstructing suspended sediment mercury contamination of a steep, gravel-bed river using reservoir theory","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-26T10:34:42","indexId":"70187195","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1541,"text":"Environmental Geosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reconstructing suspended sediment mercury contamination of a steep, gravel-bed river using reservoir theory","docAbstract":"<p><span>We use sediment ages and mercury (Hg) concentrations to estimate past and future concentrations in the South River, Virginia, where Hg was released between 1930 and 1950 from a manufacturing process related to nylon production. In a previous study, along a 40&nbsp;km (25&nbsp;mi) reach, samples were collected from 26 of 54 fine-grained deposits that formed in the lee of large wood obstructions in the channel and analyzed for grain size, Hg concentration, and organic content. We also obtained radiometric dates from six deposits. To create a history that reflects the full concentration distribution (which contains concentrations as high as 900&nbsp;mg/kg [900&nbsp;ppm]), here, we treat the deposits as a single reservoir exchanging contaminated sediments with the overlying water column, and assume that the total sediment mass in storage and the distribution of sediment ages are time invariant. We use reservoir theory to reconstruct the annual history of Hg concentration on suspended sediment using data from our previous study and new results presented here. Many different reconstructed histories fit our data. To constrain results, we use information from a well-preserved core (and our estimate of the total mass of Hg stored in 2007) to specify the years associated with the peak concentration of 900&nbsp;mg/kg. Our results indicate that around 850&nbsp;kg (1874&nbsp;lb) of Hg was stored in the deposits between 1955 and 1961, compared to only 80&nbsp;kg (176&nbsp;lb) today. Simulations of future Hg remediation suggest that 100-yr timescales will be needed for the South River to remove Hg-contaminated sediments from the channel perimeter through natural processes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/eg.08151313007","usgsCitation":"Skalak, K., and Pizzuto, J., 2014, Reconstructing suspended sediment mercury contamination of a steep, gravel-bed river using reservoir theory: Environmental Geosciences, v. 20, no. 1, p. 17-35, https://doi.org/10.1306/eg.08151313007.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"17","endPage":"35","ipdsId":"IP-045487","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340438,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5901b1c0e4b0c2e071a99bb2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Skalak, Katherine 0000-0003-4122-1240 kskalak@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4122-1240","contributorId":3990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skalak","given":"Katherine","email":"kskalak@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pizzuto, James","contributorId":12366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pizzuto","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70162079,"text":"70162079 - 2014 - Detection of the emerging amphibian pathogens <i>Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis</i> and ranavirus in Russia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T15:03:00","indexId":"70162079","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1396,"text":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detection of the emerging amphibian pathogens <i>Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis</i> and ranavirus in Russia","docAbstract":"<p><span>In a population of the European common toad&nbsp;</span><i>Bufo bufo</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>from a rural pond in the region of Lake Glubokoe Regional Reserve in Moscow province, Russia, unexplained mass mortality events involving larvae and metamorphs have been observed over a monitoring period of &gt;20 yr. We tested toads from this and a nearby site for the emerging amphibian pathogens<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>(</span><i>Bd</i><span>) and ranavirus (Rv). Both pathogens were detected, and at the rural pond site, with the above-noted losses and decline in toad breeding success, 40% of<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>B. bufo</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>metamorphs were<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Bd</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>positive, 46% were Rv positive and 20% were co-infected with both pathogens. Toad metamorphs from a neighbouring water body were also<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Bd</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>and Rv positive (25 and 55%, respectively). This is the first confirmation of these pathogens in Russia. Questions remain as to the origins of these pathogens in Russia and their roles in documented mass mortality events.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research Science Center","doi":"10.3354/dao02757","usgsCitation":"Reshetnikov, A.N., Chestnut, T.E., Brunner, J.L., Charles, K.M., Nebergall, E.E., and Olson, D.H., 2014, Detection of the emerging amphibian pathogens <i>Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis</i> and ranavirus in Russia: Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, v. 110, no. 3, p. 235-240, https://doi.org/10.3354/dao02757.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"235","endPage":"240","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053409","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473161,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/dao02757","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":314259,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Russia","otherGeospatial":"Lake Glubokoe Regional Reserve","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              29.197540283203125,\n              60.48835098696415\n            ],\n            [\n              29.197540283203125,\n              60.61123754937553\n            ],\n            [\n              29.459838867187496,\n              60.61123754937553\n            ],\n            [\n              29.459838867187496,\n              60.48835098696415\n            ],\n            [\n              29.197540283203125,\n              60.48835098696415\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"110","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5697833ae4b039675d00a6d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reshetnikov, Andrey N.","contributorId":149329,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reshetnikov","given":"Andrey","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":12617,"text":"A.N. Severtsov Ecology & Evolution Institute, Leninskiy 33, Moscow 119071, Russia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":588476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chestnut, Tara E. chestnut@usgs.gov","contributorId":3921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chestnut","given":"Tara","email":"chestnut@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brunner, Jesse L.","contributorId":152208,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brunner","given":"Jesse","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":588477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Charles, Kaylene M. kcharles@usgs.gov","contributorId":5425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charles","given":"Kaylene","email":"kcharles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":588536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nebergall, Emily E.","contributorId":152221,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nebergall","given":"Emily","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Olson, Deanna H.","contributorId":60332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"Deanna","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70154815,"text":"70154815 - 2014 - Mercury bioaccumulation in Southern Appalachian birds, assessed through feather concentrations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-13T13:55:54","indexId":"70154815","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1479,"text":"Ecotoxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury bioaccumulation in Southern Appalachian birds, assessed through feather concentrations","docAbstract":"<p><span>Mercury contamination in wildlife has rarely been studied in the Southern Appalachians despite high deposition rates in the region. From 2006 to 2008 we sampled feathers from 458 birds representing 32 species in the Southern Appalachians for total mercury and stable isotope&nbsp;</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic\">&delta;</i><span>&nbsp;</span><span>15</span><span>N. Mercury concentrations (mean&nbsp;&plusmn;&nbsp;SE) averaged 0.46&nbsp;&plusmn;&nbsp;0.02&nbsp;&mu;g&nbsp;g</span><span>&minus;1</span><span>&nbsp;(range 0.01&ndash;3.74&nbsp;&mu;g&nbsp;g</span><span>&minus;1</span><span>). Twelve of 32 species had individuals (7&nbsp;% of all birds sampled) with mercury concentrations higher than 1&nbsp;&mu;g&nbsp;g</span><span>&minus;1</span><span>. Mercury concentrations were 17&nbsp;% higher in juveniles compared to adults (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic\">n</i><span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;454). In adults, invertivores has higher mercury levels compared to omnivores. Mercury was highest at low-elevation sites near water, however mercury was detected in all birds, including those in the high elevations (1,000&ndash;2,000&nbsp;m). Relative trophic position, calculated from&nbsp;</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic\">&delta;</i><span>&nbsp;</span><span>15</span><span>N, ranged from 2.13 to 4.87 across all birds. We fitted linear mixed-effects models to the data separately for juveniles and year-round resident adults. In adults, mercury concentrations were 2.4 times higher in invertivores compared to omnivores. Trophic position was the main effect explaining mercury levels in juveniles, with an estimated 0.18&nbsp;&plusmn;&nbsp;0.08&nbsp;&mu;g&nbsp;g</span><span>&minus;1</span><span>&nbsp;increase in feather mercury for each one unit rise in trophic position. Our research demonstrates that mercury is biomagnifying in birds within this terrestrial mountainous system, and further research is warranted for animals foraging at higher trophic levels, particularly those associated with aquatic environments downslope from montane areas receiving high mercury deposition.</span></p>","language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10646-013-1174-6","usgsCitation":"Keller, R.H., Xie, L., Buchwalter, D.B., Franzreb, K.E., and Simons, T.R., 2014, Mercury bioaccumulation in Southern Appalachian birds, assessed through feather concentrations: Ecotoxicology, v. 23, no. 2, p. 304-316, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-013-1174-6.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"304","endPage":"316","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-044870","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306667,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55cdbfb8e4b08400b1fe1414","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keller, Rebecca Hylton","contributorId":12213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keller","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"Hylton","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Xie, Lingtian","contributorId":65209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xie","given":"Lingtian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buchwalter, David B.","contributorId":11927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchwalter","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Franzreb, Kathleen E.","contributorId":146487,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Franzreb","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Simons, Theodore R. 0000-0002-1884-6229 tsimons@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1884-6229","contributorId":2623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simons","given":"Theodore","email":"tsimons@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70143405,"text":"70143405 - 2014 - Optical sensors for water quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-19T09:29:10","indexId":"70143405","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2593,"text":"Lakeline","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Optical sensors for water quality","docAbstract":"<p>Shifts in land use, population, and climate have altered hydrologic systems in the United States in ways that affect water quality and ecosystem function. Water diversions, detention in reservoirs, increased channelization, and changes in rainfall and snowmelt are major causes, but there are also more subtle causes such as changes in soil temperature, atmospheric deposition, and shifting vegetation patterns. The effects on water quality are complex and interconnected, and occur at timeframes of minutes (e.g., flash floods) to decades (e.g., evolving management practices).</p>\n<p>However, water-quality monitoring has historically focused on discrete samples collected weekly or monthly, and laboratory analyses that can take days or weeks to complete. Low-frequency data and delayed access hampers a timely response during events, limits the ability to identify specific causes or actions, and may result in poorly quantified effects on ecosystems and human health at local to regional scales.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>Recent advancements in commercially available in situ sensors, data platforms, and new techniques for data analysis provide an opportunity to monitor water quality in rivers, lakes, and estuaries on the time scales in which changes occur. For example, measurements that capture the variability in freshwater systems over time help to assess how shifts in seasonal runoff, changes in precipitation intensity, and increased frequencies of disturbances (such as fire and insect outbreaks) affect the storage, production, and transport of carbon and nitrogen in watersheds. Transmitting these data in real-time also provides information that can be used for early trend detection, help identify&nbsp;monitoring gaps, and provide sciencebased decision support across a range of issues related to water quality, freshwater ecosystems, and human health.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"North American Lake Management Society","usgsCitation":"Pellerin, B.A., and Bergamaschi, B., 2014, Optical sensors for water quality: Lakeline, no. Spring, p. 13-17.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"13","endPage":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-033523","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298740,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"Spring","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"550bf333e4b02e76d759cdf5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pellerin, Brian A. bpeller@usgs.gov","contributorId":1451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pellerin","given":"Brian","email":"bpeller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":542697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bergamaschi, Brian A. 0000-0002-9610-5581 bbergama@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-5581","contributorId":1448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergamaschi","given":"Brian A.","email":"bbergama@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":542696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70160809,"text":"70160809 - 2014 - Double-crested Cormorant studies at Little Galloo Island, Lake Ontario in 2013: Diet composition, fish consumption and the efficacy of management activities in reducing fish predation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-05T12:27:57","indexId":"70160809","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5114,"text":"NYSDEC Lake Ontario Annual Report ","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"2013","chapter":"14","title":"Double-crested Cormorant studies at Little Galloo Island, Lake Ontario in 2013: Diet composition, fish consumption and the efficacy of management activities in reducing fish predation","docAbstract":"<p>For almost two decades Little Galloo Island (LGI) has supported a large colony of Double-crested Cormorants (<i>Phalacrocorax auritus</i>) in the eastern basin of Lake Ontario. Cormorant nest counts on the island since the early 1990's have averaged 4,297 per year. However, less than 2,000 pairs have nested on the island in three of the past five years. The highest count was reached in 1996 with 8,410 nesting pairs on the island. Johnson et al. (2013) estimated that cormorants from LGI alone have consumed 504 million fish since 1992. The proliferation of cormorants in the eastern basin of Lake Ontario coincided with declines in two important recreational fish species, smallmouth bass (<i>Micropterus dolemieu</i>) and yellow perch (<i>Perca falvescens</i>). Lantry et al. (2002) and Burnett et al. (2002) provide convincing evidence linking cormorant population increases to declining eastern basin smallmouth bass and yellow perch stocks. Decline of these fish stocks was evident only in the eastern basin, suggesting a localized problem, which is consistent with the halo effect where large piscivorous waterbird colonies may deplete local fish stocks (Birt et al. 1987). The year 2013 marked the twenty second consecutive year of study of the food habits and fish consumption of LGI cormorants and the fifteenth consecutive year evaluating the efficacy of management activities to control the reproductive success of cormorants nesting at LGI. The program consists mainly of spraying cormorant eggs with food grade vegetable oil as well as the culling of adult and immature birds. This paper reports the findings of work carried out in 2013 at LGI.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"2013 Annual report: Bureau of Fisheries, Lake Ontario unit and St. Lawrence River unit, to the Great Lakes Fishery Commission’s Lake Ontario Committee","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"conferenceTitle":"Lake Ontario Committee Meeting","conferenceDate":"March 26-27, 2014","conferenceLocation":"Windsor, ON","language":"English","publisher":"New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","publisherLocation":"Albany, NY","usgsCitation":"Johnson, J.H., McCullough, R., and Mazzocchi, I., 2014, Double-crested Cormorant studies at Little Galloo Island, Lake Ontario in 2013: Diet composition, fish consumption and the efficacy of management activities in reducing fish predation: NYSDEC Lake Ontario Annual Report  2013, 11 p. .","productDescription":"11 p. ","startPage":"14-1","endPage":"14-11","ipdsId":"IP-055100","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336282,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":351412,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://purl.nysed.gov/nysl/889897048"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Jefferson County","otherGeospatial":"Little Galloo Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -76.4015007019043,\n              43.88156238958827\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.39068603515625,\n              43.88156238958827\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.39068603515625,\n              43.89071763893143\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.4015007019043,\n              43.89071763893143\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.4015007019043,\n              43.88156238958827\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b548c3e4b01ccd54fddfd6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, James H. 0000-0002-5619-3871 jhjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5619-3871","contributorId":389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"James","email":"jhjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":583984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCullough, Russ D.","contributorId":25529,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCullough","given":"Russ D.","affiliations":[{"id":13678,"text":"New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mazzocchi, Irene","contributorId":150832,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mazzocchi","given":"Irene","affiliations":[{"id":13678,"text":"New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70140301,"text":"70140301 - 2014 - Effects of soil temperature and depth to ground water on first-year growth of a dryland riparian phreatophyte, <i>Glycyrrhiza lepidota</i> (American licorice)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-06T09:52:06","indexId":"70140301","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3451,"text":"Southwestern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of soil temperature and depth to ground water on first-year growth of a dryland riparian phreatophyte, <i>Glycyrrhiza lepidota</i> (American licorice)","docAbstract":"<p><span>We investigated the effects of soil temperature and depth to ground water on first-year growth of a facultative floodplain phreatophyte,&nbsp;</span><i>Glycyrrhiza lepidota</i><span>, in a 2-&times;-2 factorial greenhouse experiment. We grew plants in mesocosms subirrigated with water low in dissolved oxygen, mimicking natural systems, and set depth of ground water at 63 or 100 cm and soil temperature at cold (ambient) or warm (&le;2.7&deg;C above ambient). We hypothesized the moister (63 cm) and warmer soil would be most favorable and predicted faster growth of shoots and roots and greater nitrogen-fixation (thus, less uptake of mineral nitrogen) under those conditions. Growth in height was significantly faster in the moister treatment but was not affected by soil temperature. Final biomass of shoots and of roots, total biomass of plants, and root:shoot ratio indicated a significant effect only from depth of ground water. Final levels of soil mineral-nitrogen were as predicted, with level of nitrate in the moister treatment more than twice that in the drier treatment. No effect from soil temperature on level of soil-mineral nitrogen was detected. Our results suggest that establishment of&nbsp;</span><i><i>G. lepidota</i></i><span>requires strict conditions of soil moisture, which may explain the patchy distribution of the species along southwestern dryland rivers.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Southwestern Association of Naturalists","doi":"10.1894/F08-JB-37.1","usgsCitation":"Andersen, D., and Nelson, S., 2014, Effects of soil temperature and depth to ground water on first-year growth of a dryland riparian phreatophyte, <i>Glycyrrhiza lepidota</i> (American licorice): Southwestern Naturalist, v. 59, no. 1, p. 56-65, https://doi.org/10.1894/F08-JB-37.1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"56","endPage":"65","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-045356","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297774,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2b8ae4b08de9379b33eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andersen, Douglas C. doug_andersen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"Douglas C.","email":"doug_andersen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":539952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, S. Mark","contributorId":86710,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nelson","given":"S. Mark","affiliations":[{"id":6736,"text":"Bureau of Reclamation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70140686,"text":"70140686 - 2014 - Early to Middle Ordovician back-arc basin in the southern Appalachian Blue Ridge: characteristics, extent, and tectonic significance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-26T15:58:02","indexId":"70140686","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Early to Middle Ordovician back-arc basin in the southern Appalachian Blue Ridge: characteristics, extent, and tectonic significance","docAbstract":"<p><span>Fault-dismembered segments of a distinctive, extensive, highly allochthonous, and tectonically significant Ordovician (ca. 480&ndash;460 Ma) basin, which contains suites of bimodal metavolcanic rocks, associated base metal deposits, and thick immature deep-water (turbiditic) metasediments, occur in parts of the southern Appalachian Talladega belt, eastern Blue Ridge, and Inner Piedmont of Alabama, Georgia, and North and South Carolina. The basin's predominantly metasedimentary strata display geochemical and isotopic evidence of a mixed provenance, including an adjacent active volcanic arc and a provenance of mica (clay)-rich sedimentary and felsic plutonic rocks consistent with Laurentian (Grenvillian) upper-crustal continental rocks and their passive-margin cover sequences. Geochemical characteristics of the subordinate intercalated bimodal metavolcanic rocks indicate formation in a suprasubduction environment, most likely a back-arc basin, whereas characteristics of metasedimentary units suggest deposition above Neoproterozoic rift and outer-margin lower Paleozoic slope and rise sediments within a marginal basin along Ordovician Laurentia's Iapetus margin. This tectonic setting indicates that southernmost Appalachian Ordovician orogenesis (Taconic orogeny) began as an extensional accretionary orogen along the outer margin of Laurentia, rather than in an exotic (non-Laurentian) arc collisional setting. B-type subduction polarity requires that the associated arc-trench system formed southeast of the palinspastic position of the back-arc basin. This scenario can explain several unique features of the southern Appalachian Taconic orogen, including: the palinspastic geographic ordering of key tectonic elements (i.e., back-arc, arc, etc.), and a lack of (1) an obducted arc sensu stricto on the Laurentian margin, (2) widespread Ordovician regional metamorphism, and (3) Taconic klippen to supply detritus to the Taconic foreland basin.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/B30967.1","usgsCitation":"Tull, J., Holm-Denoma, C.S., and Barineau, C.I., 2014, Early to Middle Ordovician back-arc basin in the southern Appalachian Blue Ridge: characteristics, extent, and tectonic significance: GSA Bulletin, v. 126, no. 7-8, p. 990-1015, https://doi.org/10.1130/B30967.1.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"990","endPage":"1015","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-042528","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297950,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Appalachian Blue Ridge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -88.41796875,\n              30.977609093348686\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.41796875,\n              36.5978891330702\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.76171875,\n              36.5978891330702\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.76171875,\n              30.977609093348686\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.41796875,\n              30.977609093348686\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"126","issue":"7-8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-03-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2b83e4b08de9379b33c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tull, James","contributorId":139193,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tull","given":"James","affiliations":[{"id":7092,"text":"Florida State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holm-Denoma, Christopher S. 0000-0003-3229-5440 cholm-denoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3229-5440","contributorId":2442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holm-Denoma","given":"Christopher","email":"cholm-denoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barineau, Clinton I.","contributorId":139194,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barineau","given":"Clinton","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":12692,"text":"Columbus State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70150417,"text":"70150417 - 2014 - Fish depth distributions in the Lower Mississippi River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-24T13:33:15","indexId":"70150417","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fish depth distributions in the Lower Mississippi River","docAbstract":"<p><span>A substantial body of literature exists about depth distribution of fish in oceans, lakes and reservoirs, but less is known about fish depth distribution in large rivers. Most of the emphasis on fish distributions in rivers has focused on longitudinal and latitudinal spatial distributions. Knowledge on depth distribution is necessary to understand species and community habitat needs. Considering this void, our goal was to identify patterns in fish benthic distribution along depth gradients in the Lower Mississippi River. Fish were collected over 14&thinsp;years in depths down to 27&thinsp;m. Fish exhibited non-random depth distributions that varied seasonally and according to species. Species richness was highest in shallow water, with about 50% of the 62 species detected no longer collected in water deeper than 8&thinsp;m and about 75% no longer collected in water deeper than 12&thinsp;m. Although richness was highest in shallow water, most species were not restricted to shallow water. Rather, most species used a wide range of depths. A weak depth zonation occurred, not as strong as that reported for deep oceans and lakes. Larger fish tended to occur in deeper water during the high-water period of an annual cycle, but no correlation was evident during the low-water period. The advent of landscape ecology has guided river research to search for spatial patterns along the length of the river and associated floodplains. Our results suggest that fish assemblages in large rivers are also structured vertically.&nbsp;</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rra.2652","usgsCitation":"Killgore, K.J., and Miranda, L.E., 2014, Fish depth distributions in the Lower Mississippi River: River Research and Applications, v. 30, no. 3, p. 347-359, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.2652.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"347","endPage":"359","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-040681","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":302297,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lower Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        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,{"id":70150414,"text":"70150414 - 2014 - Reservoir floodplains support distinct fish assemblages","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-24T14:16:04","indexId":"70150414","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reservoir floodplains support distinct fish assemblages","docAbstract":"<p><span>Reservoirs constructed on floodplain rivers are unique because the upper reaches of the impoundment may include extensive floodplain environments. Moreover, reservoirs that experience large periodic water level fluctuations as part of their operational objectives seasonally inundate and dewater floodplains in their upper reaches, partly mimicking natural inundations of river floodplains. In four flood control reservoirs in Mississippi, USA, we explored the dynamics of connectivity between reservoirs and adjacent floodplains and the characteristics of fish assemblages that develop in reservoir floodplains relative to those that develop in reservoir bays. Although fish species richness in floodplains and bays were similar, species composition differed. Floodplains emphasized fish species largely associated with backwater shallow environments, often resistant to harsh environmental conditions. Conversely, dominant species in bays represented mainly generalists that benefit from the continuous connectivity between the bay and the main reservoir. Floodplains in the study reservoirs provided desirable vegetated habitats at lower water level elevations, earlier in the year, and more frequently than in bays. Inundating dense vegetation in bays requires raising reservoir water levels above the levels required to reach floodplains. Therefore, aside from promoting distinct fish assemblages within reservoirs and helping promote diversity in regulated rivers, reservoir floodplains are valued because they can provide suitable vegetated habitats for fish species at elevations below the normal pool, precluding the need to annually flood upland vegetation that would inevitably be impaired by regular flooding. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rra.2641","usgsCitation":"Miranda, L.E., Wigen, S.L., and Dagel, J.D., 2014, Reservoir floodplains support distinct fish assemblages: River Research and Applications, v. 30, no. 3, p. 338-346, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.2641.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"338","endPage":"346","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-040675","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":302303,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"Arkabutla Lake, Sardis Lake, Enid Lake, Grenada Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        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,{"id":70093742,"text":"ofr20141027 - 2014 - Monitoring of wild fish health at selected sites in the Great Lakes Basin: methods and preliminary results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-28T09:56:00","indexId":"ofr20141027","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-28T09:44:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1027","title":"Monitoring of wild fish health at selected sites in the Great Lakes Basin: methods and preliminary results","docAbstract":"During fall 2010 and spring 2011, a total of 119 brown bullhead (<i>Ameiurus nebulosus</i>), 136 white sucker (<i>Catostomus commersoni</i>), 73 smallmouth bass (<i>Micropterus dolomieu</i>), and 59 largemouth bass (<i>M. salmoides</i>) were collected from seven Great Lakes Basin Areas of Concern and one Reference Site. Comprehensive fish health assessments were conducted in order to document potential adverse affects from exposure to complex chemical mixtures. Fish were necropsied on site, blood samples obtained, pieces of liver, spleen, kidney, gill and any abnormalities placed in fixative for histopathology. Liver samples were saved for gene expression analysis and otoliths were removed for aging. A suite of fish health indicators was developed and implemented for site comparisons and to document seasonal effects and species differences in response to environmental conditions. Organism level (grossly visible lesions, condition factor), tissue level (microscopic pathology, organosomatic indices, micronuclei, and other nuclear abnormalities), plasma factors (reproductive steroid hormones, vitellogenin), and molecular (gene expression) indicators were included. This report describes the methods and preliminary results.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141027","collaboration":"Prepared in Cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Blazer, V., Mazik, P.M., Iwanowicz, L., Braham, R., Hahn, C., Walsh, H.L., and Sperry, A., 2014, Monitoring of wild fish health at selected sites in the Great Lakes Basin: methods and preliminary results: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1027, Report: vi, 31 p.; Appendix 1, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141027.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 31 p.; Appendix 1","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-053600","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282943,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141027.jpg"},{"id":282940,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1027/"},{"id":282941,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1027/pdf/of2014-1027.pdf"},{"id":282942,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1027/appendix/ofr2014-1027_appendix.xlsx"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.44,39.45 ], [ -94.44,51.54 ], [ -73.25,51.54 ], [ -73.25,39.45 ], [ -94.44,39.45 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6823e4b0b29085101d69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blazer, Vicki 0000-0001-6647-9614 vblazer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"Vicki","email":"vblazer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":490185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mazik, Patricia M. 0000-0002-8046-5929 pmazik@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8046-5929","contributorId":2318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazik","given":"Patricia","email":"pmazik@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Iwanowicz, Luke R.","contributorId":11902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iwanowicz","given":"Luke R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Braham, Ryan","contributorId":7175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braham","given":"Ryan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hahn, Cassidy","contributorId":25456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hahn","given":"Cassidy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Walsh, Heather L. 0000-0001-6392-4604 hwalsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6392-4604","contributorId":4696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"Heather","email":"hwalsh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sperry, Adam","contributorId":98212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sperry","given":"Adam","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70093901,"text":"ofr20141030 - 2014 - 2013 update on sea otter studies to assess recovery from the 1989 <i>Exxon Valdez</i> oil spill, Prince William Sound, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-19T19:38:53","indexId":"ofr20141030","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-28T09:32:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1030","title":"2013 update on sea otter studies to assess recovery from the 1989 <i>Exxon Valdez</i> oil spill, Prince William Sound, Alaska","docAbstract":"On March 24, 1989, the tanker vessel Exxon Valdez ran aground in Prince William Sound, Alaska, spilling an estimated 42 million liters of Prudhoe Bay crude oil. Oil spread in a southwesterly direction and was deposited on shores and waters in western Prince William Sound (WPWS). The sea otter (Enhydra lutris) was one of more than 20 nearshore species considered to have been injured by the spill. Since 1989, the U.S. Geological Survey has led a research program to evaluate effects of the spill on sea otters and assess progress toward recovery, as defined by demographic and biochemical indicators. Here, we provide an update on the status of sea otter populations in WPWS, presenting findings through 2013. To assess recovery based on demographic indicators, we used aerial surveys to estimate abundance and annual collections of sea otter carcasses to evaluate patterns in ages-at-death. To assess recovery based on biochemical indicators, we quantified transcription rates for a suite of genes selected as potential indicators of oil exposure in sea otters based on laboratory studies of a related species, the mink (Mustela vison). In our most recent assessment of sea otter recovery, which incorporated results from a subset of studies through 2009, we concluded that recovery of sea otters in WPWS was underway. This conclusion was based on increasing abundance throughout WPWS, including increasing numbers at northern Knight Island, an area that was heavily oiled in 1989 and where the local sea otter population had previously shown protracted injury and lack of recovery. However, we did not conclude that the WPWS sea otter population had fully recovered, due to indications of continuing reduced survival and exposure to lingering oil in sea otters at Knight Island, at least through 2009. Based on data available through 2013, we now conclude that the status of sea otters—at all spatial scales within WPWS—is consistent with the designation of recovery from the spill as defined by the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council. The support for this conclusion is based primarily on demographic data, including (1) a return to estimated pre-spill abundance of sea otters at northern Knight Island, and (2) a return to pre-spill mortality patterns. Gene transcription rates in 2012 were similar in sea otters from oiled, moderately oiled and unoiled areas, suggesting abatement of exposure effects in 2012. However, because 2012 gene transcription rates generally were low for sea otters from all areas relative to 2008, we cannot fully interpret these observations without data from a wider panel of genes. This slight uncertainty with respect to the data from the biochemical indicator is outweighed by the strength of the data for the demographic indicators. The return to pre-spill numbers and mortality patterns suggests a gradual dissipation of lingering oil over the past two decades, to the point where continuing exposure is no longer of biological significance to the WPWS sea otter population.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141030","issn":"2331-1258","usgsCitation":"Ballachey, B.E., Monson, D., Esslinger, G.G., Kloecker, K.A., Bodkin, J.L., Bowen, L., and Miles, A.K., 2014, 2013 update on sea otter studies to assess recovery from the 1989 <i>Exxon Valdez</i> oil spill, Prince William Sound, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1030, iv, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141030.","productDescription":"iv, 40 p.","numberOfPages":"48","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-051870","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282939,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141030.jpg"},{"id":282938,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1030/pdf/ofr2014-1030.pdf"},{"id":282937,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1030/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Prince William Sound","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -148.5,60.0 ], [ -148.5,61.0 ], [ -146.5,61.0 ], [ -146.5,60.0 ], [ -148.5,60.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4928e4b0b290850eeec9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ballachey, Brenda E. 0000-0003-1855-9171 bballachey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1855-9171","contributorId":2966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballachey","given":"Brenda","email":"bballachey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Monson, Daniel H. 0000-0002-4593-5673 dmonson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4593-5673","contributorId":140480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monson","given":"Daniel H.","email":"dmonson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":490273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Esslinger, George G. 0000-0002-3459-0083 gesslinger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3459-0083","contributorId":131009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esslinger","given":"George","email":"gesslinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kloecker, Kimberly A. 0000-0002-2461-968X kkloecker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2461-968X","contributorId":3442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kloecker","given":"Kimberly","email":"kkloecker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bodkin, James L. 0000-0003-1641-4438 jbodkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-4438","contributorId":748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodkin","given":"James","email":"jbodkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bowen, Lizabeth 0000-0001-9115-4336 lbowen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9115-4336","contributorId":4539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowen","given":"Lizabeth","email":"lbowen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Miles, A. Keith 0000-0002-3108-808X keith_miles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3108-808X","contributorId":196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miles","given":"A.","email":"keith_miles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Keith","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70093443,"text":"tm6A49 - 2014 - Modifications made to ModelMuse to add support for the Saturated-Unsaturated Transport model (SUTRA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-07T10:05:38","indexId":"tm6A49","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-28T08:28:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"6-A49","title":"Modifications made to ModelMuse to add support for the Saturated-Unsaturated Transport model (SUTRA)","docAbstract":"This report (1) describes modifications to ModelMuse,as described in U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Techniques and Methods (TM) 6–A29 (Winston, 2009), to add support for the Saturated-Unsaturated Transport model (SUTRA) (Voss and Provost, 2002; version of September 22, 2010) and (2) supplements USGS TM 6–A29. Modifications include changes to the main ModelMuse window where the model is designed, addition of methods for generating a finite-element mesh suitable for SUTRA, defining how some functions shouldapply when using a finite-element mesh rather than a finite-difference grid (as originally programmed in ModelMuse), and applying spatial interpolation to angles. In addition, the report describes ways of handling objects on the front view of the model and displaying data. A tabulation contains a summary of the new or modified dialog boxes.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Section A: Ground water in Book 6 <i>Modeling Techniques</i>","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm6A49","collaboration":"This report is Chapter 49 of Section A: Ground water in Book 6 <i>Modeling Techniques</i>. This Techniques and Methods report supplements USGS Techniques and Methods 6-A29.","usgsCitation":"Winston, R.B., 2014, Modifications made to ModelMuse to add support for the Saturated-Unsaturated Transport model (SUTRA): U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 6-A49, iii, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm6A49.","productDescription":"iii, 6 p.","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-052670","costCenters":[{"id":434,"text":"National Research Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282934,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm6a49.jpg"},{"id":282932,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/06/a49/"},{"id":282933,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/06/a49/pdf/tm6-a49.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd67fde4b0b29085101bf3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winston, Richard B. 0000-0002-6287-8834 rbwinst@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6287-8834","contributorId":3567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winston","given":"Richard","email":"rbwinst@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70072589,"text":"ofr20141006 - 2014 - Precipitation variability of the Grand Canyon region, 1893 through 2009, and its implications for studying effects of gullying of Holocene terraces and associated archeological sites in Grand Canyon, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-27T13:48:39","indexId":"ofr20141006","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-27T13:38:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1006","title":"Precipitation variability of the Grand Canyon region, 1893 through 2009, and its implications for studying effects of gullying of Holocene terraces and associated archeological sites in Grand Canyon, Arizona","docAbstract":"<p>A daily precipitation dataset covering a large part of the American Southwest was compiled for online electronic distribution (<a href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1006/\" target=\"_blank\">http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1006/</a>). The dataset contains 10.8 million observations spanning January 1893 through January 2009 from 846 weather stations in six states and 13 climate divisions. In addition to processing the data for distribution, water-year totals and other statistical parameters were calculated for each station with more than 2 years of observations. Division-wide total precipitation, expressed as the average deviation from the individual station means of a climate division, shows that the region—including the Grand Canyon, Arizona, area—has been affected by alternating multidecadal episodes of drought and wet conditions.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>In addition to compiling and analyzing the long-term regional precipitation data, a second dataset consisting of high-temporal-resolution precipitation measurements collected between November 2003 and January 2009 from 10 localities along the Colorado River in Grand Canyon was compiled. An exploratory study of these high-temporal-resolution precipitation measurements suggests that on a daily basis precipitation patterns are generally similar to those at a long-term weather station in the canyon, which in turn resembles the patterns at other long-term stations on the canyon rims; however, precipitation amounts recorded by the individual inner canyon weather stations can vary substantially from station to station. Daily and seasonal rainfall patterns apparent in these data are not random. For example, the inner canyon record, although short and fragmented, reveals three episodes of widespread, heavy precipitation in late summer 2004, early winter 2005, and summer 2007. The 2004 event and several others had sufficient rainfall to initiate potentially pervasive erosion of the late Holocene terraces and related archeological features located along the Colorado River in Grand Canyon.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141006","usgsCitation":"Hereford, R., Bennett, G., and Fairley, H., 2014, Precipitation variability of the Grand Canyon region, 1893 through 2009, and its implications for studying effects of gullying of Holocene terraces and associated archeological sites in Grand Canyon, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1006, Report: iii, 23 p.; Database, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141006.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 23 p.; Database","numberOfPages":"29","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1893-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-025450","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282905,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1006/downloads/ofr2014-1006_Database.zip"},{"id":282903,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1006/"},{"id":282904,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1006/pdf/ofr2014-1006.pdf"},{"id":282906,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141006.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River;Grand Canyon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.01,32.0 ], [ -119.01,41.01 ], [ -103.77,41.01 ], [ -103.77,32.0 ], [ -119.01,32.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6c54e4b0b290851047c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hereford, Richard 0000-0002-0892-7367 rhereford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0892-7367","contributorId":3620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hereford","given":"Richard","email":"rhereford@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bennett, Glenn E. gbennett@usgs.gov","contributorId":4153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"Glenn E.","email":"gbennett@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":488508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fairley, Helen C.","contributorId":10506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fairley","given":"Helen C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70093635,"text":"sir20145006 - 2014 - Mean annual, seasonal, and monthly precipitation and runoff in Arkansas, 1951-2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-27T11:03:37","indexId":"sir20145006","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-27T10:52:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5006","title":"Mean annual, seasonal, and monthly precipitation and runoff in Arkansas, 1951-2011","docAbstract":"This report describes long-term annual, seasonal, and monthly means for precipitation and runoff in Arkansas for the period from 1951 through 2011. Precipitation means were estimated using data from the Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model database; while total runoff, groundwater runoff, and surface runoff means were estimated using data from 123 active and inactive U.S. Geological Survey continuous-record streamflow-gaging stations located in Arkansas and surrounding States. Annual precipitation in Arkansas for the period from 1951 through 2011 had a mean of 49.8 inches. Of the six physiographic sections in Arkansas, the Ouachita Mountains had the largest mean annual precipitation at 53.0 inches, while the Springfield-Salem plateaus had the smallest mean annual precipitation at 45.5 inches. The mean annual total runoff for Arkansas was 17.8 inches. The Ouachita Mountains had the largest mean annual total runoff at 20.4 inches, while the Springfield-Salem plateaus had the smallest mean annual total runoff at 15.0 inches. Runoff is diminished during the dry season, which is attributed to increased losses from evapotranspiration, consumptive uses including irrigation, and increased withdrawals for public and private water supplies. The decline in runoff during the dry season is observed across the State in all physiographic sections. Spatial results for precipitation and runoff are presented in a series of maps that are available for download from the publication Web page in georeferenced raster formats.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145006","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Arkansas Natural Resources Commission","usgsCitation":"Pugh, A., and Westerman, D.A., 2014, Mean annual, seasonal, and monthly precipitation and runoff in Arkansas, 1951-2011: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5006, Report: v, 40 p.; Downloads Directory: Appendixes 1-3, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145006.","productDescription":"Report: v, 40 p.; Downloads Directory: Appendixes 1-3","numberOfPages":"49","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1951-01-01","temporalEnd":"2011-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-053322","costCenters":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282887,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145006.jpg"},{"id":282884,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5006/"},{"id":282885,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5006/pdf/sir2014-5006.pdf"},{"id":282886,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5006/downloads/"}],"projection":"USA Contiguous Albers Equal Area Conic USGS version","datum":"North American Datum 1983","country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","otherGeospatial":"Ouachita Mountains;Springfield-salem Plateaus","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.75,32.0 ], [ -95.75,38.0 ], [ -88.9,38.0 ], [ -88.9,32.0 ], [ -95.75,32.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd666be4b0b29085100bb6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pugh, Aaron L. apugh@usgs.gov","contributorId":2480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pugh","given":"Aaron L.","email":"apugh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Westerman, Drew A. 0000-0002-8522-776X dawester@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8522-776X","contributorId":4526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westerman","given":"Drew","email":"dawester@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70132327,"text":"70132327 - 2014 - Daytime avoidance of chemosensory alarm cues by adult sea lamprey (<i>Petromyzon marinus</i>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-11-07T14:46:10","indexId":"70132327","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-27T01:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Daytime avoidance of chemosensory alarm cues by adult sea lamprey (<i>Petromyzon marinus</i>)","docAbstract":"<p>Sea lamprey (<em>Petromyzon marinus</em>) avoid damage-released and predator chemosensory cues at night, but their response to these cues during the day is unknown. Here, we explored (i) whether sea lamprey avoid these cues during the day and (ii) the effect of water temperature on the avoidance of chemosensory alarm cues in two diurnal laboratory experiments. We hypothesized that daytime activity would be temperature-dependent and that only sea lamprey vulnerable to predation (i.e., not hiding) would behaviourally respond to chemosensory alarm cues. Ten groups of ten sea lamprey were exposed to one of a variety of potential chemosensory cues. The experiments were conducted over a range of temperatures to quantify the effect of temperature on avoidance behaviour. Consistent with our hypothesis, a higher proportion of animals were active during daytime as water temperature increased. Moving sea lamprey showed an avoidance response to 2-phenylethylamine (a compound found in mammalian urine) and human saliva once water temperatures had risen to mean (&plusmn;SD) = 13.7 (&plusmn;1.4) &deg;C. Resting and hiding sea lamprey did not show an avoidance response to any of the experimental stimuli.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","usgsCitation":"Di Rocco, R., Belanger, C., Imre, I., Brown, G., and Johnson, N.S., 2014, Daytime avoidance of chemosensory alarm cues by adult sea lamprey (<i>Petromyzon marinus</i>): Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, p. 824-830.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"824","endPage":"830","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054423","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295943,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"545ded2be4b0ba8303f92b7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Di Rocco, Richard","contributorId":126735,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Di Rocco","given":"Richard","affiliations":[{"id":6585,"text":"Algoma University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":522763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belanger, Cowan","contributorId":126736,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Belanger","given":"Cowan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6585,"text":"Algoma University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":522764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Imre, István","contributorId":126737,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Imre","given":"István","affiliations":[{"id":6585,"text":"Algoma University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":522765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, Grant","contributorId":126738,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Grant","affiliations":[{"id":6586,"text":"Concordia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":522766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Nicholas S. 0000-0002-7419-6013 njohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7419-6013","contributorId":597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Nicholas","email":"njohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":522762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70068441,"text":"ofr20131298 - 2014 - Groundwater quality at Alabama Plating and Vincent Spring, Vincent, Alabama, 2007–2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-26T14:56:57","indexId":"ofr20131298","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-26T14:43:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1298","title":"Groundwater quality at Alabama Plating and Vincent Spring, Vincent, Alabama, 2007–2008","docAbstract":"<p>The former Alabama Plating site in Vincent, Alabama, includes the location where the Alabama Plating Company operated an electroplating facility from 1956 until 1986. The operation of the facility generated waste containing cyanide, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, zinc, and other heavy metals. Contamination resulting from the site operations was identified in groundwater, soil, and sediment. Vincent Spring, used as a public water supply by the city of Vincent, Alabama, is located about ½ mile southwest of the site. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, conducted an investigation at Vincent Spring and the Alabama Plating site, Vincent, Alabama, during 2007–2008 to evaluate the groundwater quality and evaluate the potential effect of contaminated groundwater on the water quality of Vincent Spring. The results of the investigation will provide scientific data and information on the occurrence, fate, and transport of contaminants in the water resources of the area and aid in the evaluation of the vulnerability of the public water supply to contamination.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Samples were analyzed to evaluate the water quality at the former plating site, investigate the presence of possible contaminant indicators at Vincent Spring, and determine the usefulness of stable isotopes and geochemical properties in understanding groundwater flow and contaminant transport in the area. Samples collected from 16 monitor wells near the plating site and Vincent Spring were analyzed for major constituents, trace metals, nutrients, and the stable isotopes for hydrogen (<sup>2</sup>H/H) and oxygen (<sup>18</sup>O/<sup>16</sup>O).</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Groundwater collected from Vincent Spring was characterized as a calcium-magnesium-bicarbonate water type with total dissolved solids concentrations ranging from 110 to 120 milligrams per liter and pH ranging from about 7.5 to 7.9 units. Groundwater chemistry at the monitor wells at the Alabama Plating site was highly variable by location and depth. Dissolved solids concentrations ranged from 28 to 2,880 milligrams per liter, and the water types varied from calcium-magnesium-bicarbonate-chloride, to calcium-sulfate or calcium-magnesium-sulfate, to sodium-chloride water types. The stable isotope ratios for hydrogen (<sup>2</sup>H/H) and oxygen (<sup>18</sup>O/<sup>16</sup>O) for water from the monitor wells and from Vincent Spring, based on a single sampling event, can be separated into three groups: (1) Vincent Spring, (2) monitor wells MW03 and MW28, and (3) the remaining Alabama Plating monitor wells.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The geochemical and stable isotope analyses indicate that water from Vincent Spring is distinct from water from the Alabama Plating monitor wells; however, this evaluation is based on a single sampling event. Although the water from Vincent Spring, for this sampling event, is different and does not seem to be affected by contaminated groundwater from the Alabama Plating site, additional hydrologic and water-quality data are needed to fully identify flow paths, the potential for contaminant transport, and water-quality changes through time.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131298","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 4","usgsCitation":"Bradley, M., and Gill, A.C., 2014, Groundwater quality at Alabama Plating and Vincent Spring, Vincent, Alabama, 2007–2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1298, Report: iv, 20 p.; Plate: 17 x 11 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131298.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 20 p.; Plate: 17 x 11 inches","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-043797","costCenters":[{"id":105,"text":"Alabama Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282860,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131298.jpg"},{"id":282855,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1298/pdf/of2013-1298_Al_plating_plate_1.pdf"},{"id":282853,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1298/"},{"id":282858,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1298/pdf/of2013-1298.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama","city":"Vincent","otherGeospatial":"Vincent Spring","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -86.456545,33.349857 ], [ -86.456545,33.422296 ], [ -86.368698,33.422296 ], [ -86.368698,33.349857 ], [ -86.456545,33.349857 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5fe9e4b0b290850fc98b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, Mike 0000-0002-2979-265X mbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2979-265X","contributorId":582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Mike","email":"mbradley@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gill, Amy C. 0000-0002-5738-9390 acgill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5738-9390","contributorId":220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"Amy","email":"acgill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":488009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70074398,"text":"sir20145008 - 2014 - Water movement through the unsaturated zone of the High Plains Aquifer in the Central Platte Natural Resources District, Nebraska, 2008-12","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-26T09:13:23","indexId":"sir20145008","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-26T07:23:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5008","title":"Water movement through the unsaturated zone of the High Plains Aquifer in the Central Platte Natural Resources District, Nebraska, 2008-12","docAbstract":"<p>Uncertainty about the effects of land use and climate on water movement in the unsaturated zone and on groundwater recharge rates can lead to uncertainty in water budgets used for groundwater-flow models. To better understand these effects, a cooperative study between the U.S. Geological Survey and the Central Platte Natural Resources District was initiated in 2007 to determine field-based estimates of recharge rates in selected land-use areas of the Central Platte Natural Resources District in Nebraska. Measured total water potential and unsaturated-zone profiles of tritium, chloride, nitrate as nitrogen, and bromide, along with groundwater-age dates, were used to evaluate water movement in the unsaturated zone and groundwater recharge rates in the central Platte River study area. Eight study sites represented an east-west precipitation contrast across the study area—four beneath groundwater-irrigated cropland (sites 2, 5, and 6 were irrigated corn and site 7 was irrigated alfalfa/corn rotation), three beneath rangeland (sites 1, 4, and 8), and one beneath nonirrigated cropland, or dryland (site 3).</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Measurements of transient vertical gradients in total water potential indicated that periodic wetting fronts reached greater mean maximum depths beneath the irrigated sites than beneath the rangeland sites, in part, because of the presence of greater and constant antecedent moisture. Beneath the rangeland sites, greater temporal variation in antecedent moisture and total water potential existed and was, in part, likely a result of local precipitation and evapotranspiration. Moreover, greater variability was noticed in the total water potential profiles beneath the western sites than the corresponding eastern sites, which was attributed to less mean annual precipitation in the west.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The depth of the peak post-bomb tritium concentration or the interface between the pre-bomb/post-bomb tritium, along with a tritium mass balance, within sampled soil profiles were used to estimate water fluxes in the unsaturated zone at three of the eight study sites: site 2 (irrigated), site 3 (dryland), and site 8 (rangeland). Estimates for recharge were about 68 millimeters per year [(mm/yr), post-bomb peak], 133 to 159 mm/yr (tritium interface), and 137 mm/yr (mass balance) at site 2 (irrigated); about 63 mm/yr (tritium interface) and 12 mm/yr (mass balance) at site 3 (dryland); and about 53 mm/yr (tritium interface) and 10 mm/yr (mass balance) at site 8 (rangeland). Recharge values from the mass balance at site 2 were more than an order of magnitude greater than recharge values at site 3, suggesting irrigation is an important control on water movement through the unsaturated zone. For the remaining five sites, the post-bomb tritium had flushed through the system and recharge was considered modern (within 10 years of sampling).</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The chloride mass-balance method was used to determine water fluxes below the root zone (less than 2 meters below land surface) at the rangeland sites: sites 1, 4, and 8. At these rangeland sites, water fluxes ranged from 1.8 to 96 mm/yr at site 1, 1.1 to 9.6 mm/yr at site 4, and 1.1 to 68 mm/yr at site 8, with mean rates of 21, 4.3, and 13 mm/yr, respectively. Site 1 had a greater mean water flux, which was consistent with the greater precipitation in the east than at site 8 in the west. Chloride mass balance was not calculated at the irrigated and dryland sites because of uncertainty about additional sources of chloride.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Concentrations of nitrate as nitrogen in pore water in the unsaturated zone were larger beneath the irrigated and dryland (agricultural) sites compared with the rangeland sites. The larger concentrations at the agricultural sites are consistent with the application of nitrogen fertilizer at the agricultural sites and no substantial  accumulation at the rangeland sites.\nThe shape of the nitrate as nitrogen and chloride concentration\nprofiles at site 1 (rangeland) indicate a reasonably larger and\nmore consistent water flux in the UZ than beneath the other\ntwo rangeland sites (sites 4 or 8). Excluding site 7, the general\nshape of the nitrate as nitrogen profiles was similar beneath\nthe agricultural sites and supports the estimates of water\nmovement and recharge rates determined from the tritium and\nchloride methods.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Movement of bromide through the unsaturated zone\nindicated greater water fluxes are found beneath irrigated lands\nthan beneath rangeland. Bromide profiles in the unsaturated\nzone, determined from center of mass and peak displacement\nmethods, document water fluxes ranged from 58\nto 394\nmm/yr beneath irrigated sites and 9 to 201 mm/yr beneath rangeland\nsites. Water-flux estimates from the potassium bromide tests at\nmost sites did not represent overall recharge rates because the\nbromide remained primarily in the root zone.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Apparent groundwater age was used to determine the\ngroundwater residence time at the eight sites and to estimate recharge rates. Groundwater ages in the study area\nranged from old water (defined here as groundwater that was\nrecharged more than 50 years ago) to modern (defined here\nas groundwater that has recharged within the past 10 years).\nGroundwater ages indicated that the shallow monitoring wells\ngenerally had younger residence times, whereas the deeper\nmonitoring wells generally had the older residence times.\nGroundwater dates from the shallowest monitoring wells were\nused to determine recharge rates at the water table. These\nrates generally were similar to recharge rates determined from\ntritium and chloride mass-balance methods. Groundwater\nrecharge rates generally increased with well depth, and the\ndeeper monitoring wells likely do not represent local recharge\nconditions but recharge from a regional flow system that\nreceives recharge from distant sources.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Overall, these data generally indicate that water movement within the unsaturated zone primarily is affected by spatial contrasts in mean annual precipitation and by the land use\nor land cover. The eight unsaturated-zone sites each generated\nunique, valuable datasets that likely will improve the understanding of water movement and recharge rates in the central\nPlatte River valley.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145008","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Central Platte Natural Resources District","usgsCitation":"Steele, G.V., Gurdak, J., and Hobza, C.M., 2014, Water movement through the unsaturated zone of the High Plains Aquifer in the Central Platte Natural Resources District, Nebraska, 2008-12: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5008, Report: x, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145008.","productDescription":"Report: x, 54 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-045594","costCenters":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282796,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5008/pdf/sir2014-5008.pdf"},{"id":282797,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5008/downloads/Tables.xlsx"},{"id":282798,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145008.jpg"},{"id":282791,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5008/"}],"scale":"1000000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","datum":"NAD 83","country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"Central Platte Natural Resources District","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -100.0,40.5 ], [ -100.0,41.0 ], [ -98.5,41.0 ], [ -98.5,40.5 ], [ -100.0,40.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7c15e4b0b2908510e880","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steele, Gregory V. gvsteele@usgs.gov","contributorId":783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steele","given":"Gregory","email":"gvsteele@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gurdak, Jason J.","contributorId":65125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gurdak","given":"Jason J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hobza, Christopher M. 0000-0002-6239-934X cmhobza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6239-934X","contributorId":2393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hobza","given":"Christopher","email":"cmhobza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70073492,"text":"ofr20141007 - 2014 - Capacitively coupled and direct-current resistivity surveys of selected reaches of Cozad, Thirty-Mile, Orchard-Alfalfa, Kearney, and Outlet Canals in Nebraska, 2012-13","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-26T09:11:38","indexId":"ofr20141007","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-26T07:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1007","title":"Capacitively coupled and direct-current resistivity surveys of selected reaches of Cozad, Thirty-Mile, Orchard-Alfalfa, Kearney, and Outlet Canals in Nebraska, 2012-13","docAbstract":"<p>Understanding the spatial characteristics of leakage from canals is critical to effectively managing and utilizing water resources for irrigation and hydroelectric purposes. Canal leakage in some parts of Nebraska is the primary source of water for groundwater recharge and helps maintain the base flow of streams. Because surface-water supplies depend on the streamflow of the Platte River and the available water stored in upstream reservoirs, water managers seek to minimize conveyance losses, which can include canal leakage. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Central Platte Natural Resources District and Nebraska Public Power District, used capacitively coupled (CC) and direct-current (DC) resistivity techniques for continuous resistivity profiling to map near-surface lithologies near and underlying the Cozad, Thirty-Mile, Orchard-Alfalfa, Kearney, and Outlet Canals. Approximately 84 kilometers (km) of CC-resistivity data were collected along the five canals.</p>\n<br/> \n<p>The CC-resistivity data were compared with results from continuous sediment cores and electrical conductivity logs. Generally, the highest resistivities were recorded at the upstream reaches of the Cozad, Thirty-Mile, and Orchard-Alfalfa canals where flood-plain deposits of silt and clay mantle coarser channel deposits of sand and gravel. The finer grained deposits gradually thicken with increasing distance away from the Platte River. Consequently, for many surveyed reaches the thickness of fine-grained deposits exceeded the 8-meter depth of investigation.</p>\n<br/> \n<p>A detailed geophysical investigation along a 5-km reach of the Outlet Canal southwest of North Platte, Nebraska, used CC and DC resistivity to examine the condition of a compacted-core bank structure and characterized other potential controls on areas of focused seepage. CC-resistivity data, collected along the 5-km study reach, were compared with continuous sediment cores and DC-resistivity data collected near a selected seep near Outlet Canal mile post 15.55 along 5 separate profiles. DC-resistivity results were compared to a schematic cross section of the Outlet Canal north embankment that include the original surfaces and modifications to the compacted-core bank structure.</p> \n<br/>\n<p>Along the canal road south line, there is a transition from high resistivity at land surface to much lower resistivity near the estimated depth of the northern slope of the original compacted-core bank; however, the surveyed elevation of the water surface in the canal also is at this elevation. Along the canal road north line, there is a transition from high resistivity near land surface to lower resistivity at depth. Although the transition is rapid near the estimated depth of the first-modified bank slope, it also is coincident with the groundwater level measured in piezometer PZ-4. Currently (2013), it is unknown if the indicated changes in resistivity at these elevations was the effect of saturation of the underlying sediments or caused by the compacted-core bank.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141007","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Central Platte Natural Resources District and Nebraska Public Power District","usgsCitation":"Hobza, C.M., Burton, B., Lucius, J.E., and Tompkins, R.E., 2014, Capacitively coupled and direct-current resistivity surveys of selected reaches of Cozad, Thirty-Mile, Orchard-Alfalfa, Kearney, and Outlet Canals in Nebraska, 2012-13: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1007, Report: vi, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141007.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 48 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-045699","costCenters":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282795,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141007.jpg"},{"id":282794,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1007/downloads/"},{"id":282790,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1007/"},{"id":282793,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1007/pdf/of2014-1007.pdf"}],"projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic","datum":"NAD 83","country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","city":"Cozad;Kearney","otherGeospatial":"Orchard Alfalfa Canal;Thirty Mile Canal","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -101.0,40.5 ], [ -101.0,41.3 ], [ -99.0,41.3 ], [ -99.0,40.5 ], [ -101.0,40.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5023e4b0b290850f3273","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hobza, Christopher M. 0000-0002-6239-934X cmhobza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6239-934X","contributorId":2393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hobza","given":"Christopher","email":"cmhobza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burton, Bethany L. 0000-0001-5011-7862 blburton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5011-7862","contributorId":1341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"Bethany L.","email":"blburton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":488803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lucius, Jeffrey E. lucius@usgs.gov","contributorId":817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucius","given":"Jeffrey","email":"lucius@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":488802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tompkins, Ryan E.","contributorId":20851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tompkins","given":"Ryan","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70094785,"text":"70094785 - 2014 - Factors affecting the movement and persistence of nitrate and pesticides in the surficial and upper Floridan aquifers in two agricultural areas in the southeastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-25T10:19:16","indexId":"70094785","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-25T10:10:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1534,"text":"Environmental Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors affecting the movement and persistence of nitrate and pesticides in the surficial and upper Floridan aquifers in two agricultural areas in the southeastern United States","docAbstract":"Differences in the degree of confinement, redox conditions, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) are the main factors that control the persistence of nitrate and pesticides in the Upper Floridan aquifer (UFA) and overlying surficial aquifer beneath two agricultural areas in the southeastern US. Groundwater samples were collected multiple times from 66 wells during 1993–2007 in a study area in southwestern Georgia (ACFB) and from 48 wells in 1997–98 and 2007–08 in a study area in South Carolina (SANT) as part of the US Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program. In the ACFB study area, where karst features are prevalent, elevated nitrate-N concentrations in the oxic unconfined UFA (median 2.5 mg/L) were significantly (p = 0.03) higher than those in the overlying oxic surficial aquifer (median 1.5 mg/L). Concentrations of atrazine and deethylatrazine (DEA; the most frequently detected pesticide and degradate) were higher in more recent groundwater samples from the ACFB study area than in samples collected prior to 2000. Conversely, in the SANT study area, nitrate-N concentrations in the UFA were mostly <0.06 mg/L, resulting from anoxic conditions and elevated DOC concentrations that favored denitrification. Although most parts of the partially confined UFA in the SANT study area were anoxic or had mixed redox conditions, water from 28 % of the sampled wells was oxic and had low DOC concentrations. Based on the groundwater age information, nitrate concentrations reflect historic fertilizer N usage in both the study areas, but with a lag time of about 15–20 years. Simulated responses to future management scenarios of fertilizer N inputs indicated that elevated nitrate-N concentrations would likely persist in oxic parts of the surficial aquifer and UFA for decades even with substantial decreases in fertilizer N inputs over the next 40 years.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Earth Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","publisherLocation":"Berlin","doi":"10.1007/s12665-013-2657-8","usgsCitation":"Katz, B., Berndt, M.P., and Crandall, C.A., 2014, Factors affecting the movement and persistence of nitrate and pesticides in the surficial and upper Floridan aquifers in two agricultural areas in the southeastern United States: Environmental Earth Sciences, v. 71, no. 6, p. 2779-2795, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-013-2657-8.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"2779","endPage":"2795","numberOfPages":"17","ipdsId":"IP-039543","costCenters":[{"id":288,"text":"Florida Water Science Center-Tallahassee","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282734,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":282708,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12665-013-2657-8"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida;Georgia;South Carolina","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -89.21,28.69 ], [ -89.21,34.03 ], [ -78.64,34.03 ], [ -78.64,28.69 ], [ -89.21,28.69 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"71","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-07-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517039e4b05569d805a1fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Katz, B. G.","contributorId":82702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katz","given":"B. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berndt, M. P.","contributorId":74761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berndt","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crandall, C. A.","contributorId":93943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crandall","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70094786,"text":"70094786 - 2014 - Mass loads of dissolved and particulate mercury and other trace elements in the Mt. Amiata mining district, Southern Tuscany (Italy)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-14T11:43:38","indexId":"70094786","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-25T09:53:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1564,"text":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mass loads of dissolved and particulate mercury and other trace elements in the Mt. Amiata mining district, Southern Tuscany (Italy)","docAbstract":"Total dissolved and particulate mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), and antimony (Sb) mass loads were estimated in different seasons (March and September 2011 and March 2012) in the Paglia River basin (PRB) (central Italy). The Paglia River drains the Mt. Amiata Hg district, one of the largest Hg-rich regions worldwide. Quantification of Hg, As, and Sb mass loads in this watershed allowed (1) identification of the contamination sources, (2) evaluation of the effects of Hg on the environment, and (3) determination of processes affecting Hg transport. The dominant source of Hg in the Paglia River is runoff from Hg mines in the Mt. Amiata region. The maximum Hg mass load was found to be related to runoff from the inactive Abbadia San Salvatore Mine (ASSM), and up to 30 g day<sup>−1</sup> of Hg, dominantly in the particulate form, was transported both in high and low flow conditions in 2011. In addition, enrichment factors (EFs) calculated for suspended particulate matter (SPM) were similar in different seasons indicating that water discharge controls the quantities of Hg transported in the PRB, and considerable Hg was transported in all seasons studied. Overall, as much as 11 kg of Hg are discharged annually in the PRB and this Hg is transported downstream to the Tiber River, and eventually to the Mediterranean Sea. Similar to Hg, maximum mass loads for As and Sb were found in March 2011, when as much as 190 g day<sup>−1</sup> each of As and Sb were measured from sites downstream from the ASSM. Therefore, the Paglia River represents a significant source of Hg, Sb, and As to the Mediterranean Sea.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Berlin","publisherLocation":"Heidelberg, Germany","doi":"10.1007/s11356-013-2476-1","usgsCitation":"Rimondi, V., Costagliola, P., Gray, J.E., Lattanzi, P., Nannucci, M., Paolieri, M., and Salvadori, A., 2014, Mass loads of dissolved and particulate mercury and other trace elements in the Mt. Amiata mining district, Southern Tuscany (Italy): Environmental Science and Pollution Research, v. 21, no. 8, p. 5575-5585, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-2476-1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"5575","endPage":"5585","numberOfPages":"11","ipdsId":"IP-050951","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282733,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":282709,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-2476-1"}],"country":"Italy","state":"Tuscany","otherGeospatial":"Paglia River;Tiber River;Mediterranean Sea;Mt. Amiata","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 9.6868,42.2376 ], [ 9.6868,44.4726 ], [ 12.3714,44.4726 ], [ 12.3714,42.2376 ], [ 9.6868,42.2376 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"21","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517053e4b05569d805a317","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rimondi, V.","contributorId":28820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rimondi","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Costagliola, P.","contributorId":86988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Costagliola","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gray, J. E.","contributorId":49363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lattanzi, P.","contributorId":40034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lattanzi","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nannucci, M.","contributorId":89350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nannucci","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Paolieri, M.","contributorId":87455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paolieri","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Salvadori, A.","contributorId":84980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salvadori","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70095418,"text":"70095418 - 2014 - In vivo retention of ingested Au NPs by Daphnia magna: No evidence for trans-epithelial alimentary uptake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-14T16:42:13","indexId":"70095418","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-25T08:57:54","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1226,"text":"Chemosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In vivo retention of ingested Au NPs by Daphnia magna: No evidence for trans-epithelial alimentary uptake","docAbstract":"In vivo studies with Daphnia magna remain inconclusive as to whether engineered nanoparticles (NPs) are internalized into tissues after ingestion. Here we used a three-pronged approach to study the in vivo retention and efflux kinetics of 20 nm citrate stabilized Au NPs ingested by this key aquatic species. Daphnids were exposed to suspended particles (600 μg L<sup>−1</sup>) for 5 h after which they were depurated for 24 h in clean water containing algae. Light microscopy was used to follow the passage of Au NPs through the gastrointestinal tract, Au body burdens were determined by ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to examine the presence and distribution of Au NPs in tissues. Results revealed that the elimination of Au NPs was bi-phasic. The fast elimination phase lasted <1 h and the rate constant at which Au (of Au NPs) was eliminated was 1.12 ± 0.34 h<sup>−1</sup> (±SE) which accounted for ∼75% of the ingested Au. The remaining ∼25% of the ingested Au NPs was eliminated at a 100-fold slower rate. TEM analysis revealed that Au NPs in the midgut were in close proximity to the peritrophic membrane after 1 and 24 h of depuration. There were no observations of Au NP uptake at the microvilli. Thus, although Au NPs were retained in the gut lumen, there was no observable internalization into the gut epithelial cells. Similar to carbon nanotubes and CuO NPs, our findings indicate that in daphnids the in vivo retention of Au NPs does not necessarily result in their internalization.","language":"English","publisher":"Chemosphere","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.12.051","usgsCitation":"Khan, F.R., Kennaway, G.M., Croteau, M., Dybowska, A., Smith, B.D., Nogueira, A.J., Rainbow, P.S., Luoma, S.N., and Valsami-Jones, E., 2014, In vivo retention of ingested Au NPs by Daphnia magna: No evidence for trans-epithelial alimentary uptake: Chemosphere, v. 100, p. 97-104, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.12.051.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"97","endPage":"104","ipdsId":"IP-053139","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":283200,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":283199,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.12.051"}],"volume":"100","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5351706fe4b05569d805a455","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Khan, Farhan R.","contributorId":99464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Khan","given":"Farhan","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kennaway, Gabrielle M.","contributorId":71879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennaway","given":"Gabrielle","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Croteau, Marie-Noële","contributorId":22863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Croteau","given":"Marie-Noële","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dybowska, Agnieszka","contributorId":34041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dybowska","given":"Agnieszka","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, Brian D.","contributorId":103575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nogueira, Antonio J.A.","contributorId":58940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nogueira","given":"Antonio","email":"","middleInitial":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rainbow, Philip S.","contributorId":83025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rainbow","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Valsami-Jones, Eugenia","contributorId":26057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valsami-Jones","given":"Eugenia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
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