{"pageNumber":"569","pageRowStart":"14200","pageSize":"25","recordCount":69035,"records":[{"id":70155183,"text":"70155183 - 2014 - Groundwater availability as constrained by hydrogeology and environmental flows","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-31T10:58:29","indexId":"70155183","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Groundwater availability as constrained by hydrogeology and environmental flows","docAbstract":"<p><span>Groundwater pumping from aquifers in hydraulic connection with nearby streams has the potential to cause adverse impacts by decreasing flows to levels below those necessary to maintain aquatic ecosystems. The recent passage of the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence River Basin Water Resources&thinsp;Compact has brought attention to this issue in the Great Lakes region. In particular, the legislation requires the Great Lakes states to enact measures for limiting water withdrawals that can cause adverse ecosystem impacts. This study explores how both hydrogeologic and environmental flow limitations may constrain groundwater availability in the Great Lakes Basin. A methodology for calculating maximum allowable pumping rates is presented. Groundwater availability across the basin may be constrained by a combination of hydrogeologic yield and environmental flow limitations varying over both local and regional scales. The results are sensitive to factors such as pumping time, regional and local hydrogeology, streambed conductance, and streamflow depletion limits. Understanding how these restrictions constrain groundwater usage and which hydrogeologic characteristics and spatial variables have the most influence on potential streamflow depletions has important water resources policy and management implications.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Ground Water Association","publisherLocation":"Worthington, OH","doi":"10.1111/gwat.12050","collaboration":"National Science Foundation","usgsCitation":"Watson, K.A., Mayer, A.S., and Reeves, H.W., 2014, Groundwater availability as constrained by hydrogeology and environmental flows: Ground Water, v. 52, no. 2, p. 225-238, https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12050.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"225","endPage":"238","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-045329","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306290,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-04-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55bc9c2de4b033ef52100f2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watson, Katelyn A.","contributorId":145696,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Watson","given":"Katelyn","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":16201,"text":"Boise State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mayer, Alex S.","contributorId":81028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayer","given":"Alex","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reeves, Howard W. 0000-0001-8057-2081 hwreeves@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-2081","contributorId":2307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeves","given":"Howard","email":"hwreeves@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70100421,"text":"70100421 - 2014 - A 17-year record of environmental tracers in spring discharge, Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, USA: use of climatic data and environmental conditions to interpret discharge, dissolved solutes, and tracer concentrations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T15:11:32","indexId":"70100421","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T11:08:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":866,"text":"Aquatic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A 17-year record of environmental tracers in spring discharge, Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, USA: use of climatic data and environmental conditions to interpret discharge, dissolved solutes, and tracer concentrations","docAbstract":"A 17-year record (1995–2012) of a suite of environmental tracer concentrations in discharge from 34 springs located along the crest of the Blue Ridge Mountains in Shenandoah National Park (SNP), Virginia, USA, reveals patterns and trends that can be related to climatic and environmental conditions. These data include a 12-year time series of monthly sampling at five springs, with measurements of temperature, specific conductance, pH, and discharge recorded at 30-min intervals. The monthly measurements include age tracers (CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113, CFC-13, SF<sub>6</sub>, and SF<sub>5</sub>CF<sub>3</sub>), dissolved gases (N<sub>2</sub>, O<sub>2</sub>, Ar, CO<sub>2</sub>, and CH<sub>4</sub>), stable isotopes of water, and major and trace inorganic constituents. The chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF<sub>6</sub>) concentrations (in pptv) in spring discharge closely follow the concurrent monthly measurements of their atmospheric mixing ratios measured at the Air Monitoring Station at Big Meadows, SNP, indicating waters 0–3 years in age. A 2-year (2001–2003) record of unsaturated zone air displayed seasonal deviations from North American Air of ±10 % for CFC-11 and CFC-113, with excess CFC-11 and CFC-113 in peak summer and depletion in peak winter. The pattern in unsaturated zone soil CFCs is a function of gas solubility in soil water and seasonal unsaturated zone temperatures. Using the increase in the SF<sub>6</sub> atmospheric mixing ratio, the apparent (piston flow) SF<sub>6</sub> age of the water varied seasonally between about 0 (modern) in January and up to 3 years in July–August. The SF<sub>6</sub> concentration and concentrations of dissolved solutes (SiO<sub>2</sub>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>, Cl<sup>−</sup>, and HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>) in spring discharge demonstrate a fraction of recent recharge following large precipitation events. The output of solutes in the discharge of springs minus the input from atmospheric deposition per hectare of watershed area (mol ha<sup>−1</sup> a<sup>−1</sup>) were approximately twofold greater in watersheds draining the regolith of Catoctin metabasalts than that of granitic gneisses and granitoid crystalline rocks. The stable isotopic composition of water in spring discharge broadly correlates with the Oceanic Niño Index. Below normal precipitation and enriched stable isotopic composition were observed during El Niño years.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquatic Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10498-013-9202-y","usgsCitation":"Busenberg, E., and Plummer, N., 2014, A 17-year record of environmental tracers in spring discharge, Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, USA: use of climatic data and environmental conditions to interpret discharge, dissolved solutes, and tracer concentrations: Aquatic Geochemistry, v. 20, no. 2-3, p. 267-290, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10498-013-9202-y.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"267","endPage":"290","numberOfPages":"24","ipdsId":"IP-044836","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":285189,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10498-013-9202-y"},{"id":285191,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Shenandoah National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -79.1015,37.8742 ], [ -79.1015,39.0556 ], [ -78.0457,39.0556 ], [ -78.0457,37.8742 ], [ -79.1015,37.8742 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"20","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-10-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53516eb2e4b05569d8059d17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Busenberg, Eurybiades ebusenbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busenberg","given":"Eurybiades","email":"ebusenbe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70100655,"text":"70100655 - 2014 - Spatial and temporal patterns of endocrine active chemicals in small streams indicate differential exposure to aquatic organisms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T16:12:56","indexId":"70100655","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T10:32:45","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial and temporal patterns of endocrine active chemicals in small streams indicate differential exposure to aquatic organisms","docAbstract":"Alkylphenolic chemicals (APCs) and hormones were measured six times from February through October 2007 in three Minnesota streams receiving wastewater to identify spatial and temporal patterns in concentrations and in estrogen equivalency. Fish were collected once during the study to evaluate endpoints indicative of endocrine disruption. The most commonly detected APCs were 4-tert-octylphenol and 4-nonylphenol and the most commonly detected hormones were estrone and androstenedione. Chemical concentrations were greatest for nonylphenol ethoxycarboxylates (NPECs) (5,000-140,000 ng/l), followed by 4-nonlylphenol and 4-nonylphenolethoxylates (50-880 ng/l), 4-tert-octylphenol and 4-tert-octylphenolethoxylates with concentrations as great as 130 ng/l, and hormones (0.1-54 ng/l). Patterns in chemicals and estrogen equivalency indicated that wastewater effluent is a pathway of APCs and hormones to downstream locations in this study. However, upstream contributions can be equally or more important indicating alternative sources. This study indicates that aquatic organisms experience both spatially and temporally variable exposures in the number of compounds, total concentrations, and estrogenicity. This variability was evident in fish collected from the three rivers as no clear upstream to downstream pattern of endocrine disruption endpoints emerged.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jawr.12162","usgsCitation":"Lee, K.E., Barber, L.B., and Schoenfuss, H., 2014, Spatial and temporal patterns of endocrine active chemicals in small streams indicate differential exposure to aquatic organisms: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 50, no. 2, p. 401-419, https://doi.org/10.1111/jawr.12162.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"401","endPage":"419","ipdsId":"IP-043754","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":285699,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":285660,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jawr.12162"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.24,43.5 ], [ -97.24,49.38 ], [ -89.49,49.38 ], [ -89.49,43.5 ], [ -97.24,43.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"50","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517064e4b05569d805a3c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, K. E.","contributorId":100014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barber, L. B.","contributorId":64602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schoenfuss, H.L.","contributorId":103877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoenfuss","given":"H.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70047332,"text":"70047332 - 2014 - Reconnaissance of pharmaceuticals and wastewater indicators in streambed sediments of the lower Columbia River basin, Oregon and Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-14T16:07:35","indexId":"70047332","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T10:32:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reconnaissance of pharmaceuticals and wastewater indicators in streambed sediments of the lower Columbia River basin, Oregon and Washington","docAbstract":"One by-product of advances in modern chemistry is the accumulation of synthetic chemicals in the natural environment.  These compounds include contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), some of which are endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) that can have detrimental reproductive effects.  The role of sediments in accumulating these types of chemicals and acting as a source of exposure for aquatic organisms is not well understood.  Here we present a small-scale reconnaissance of CECs in bed sediments of the lower Columbia River and several tributaries and urban streams.  Surficial bed sediment samples were collected from the Columbia River, the Willamette River, the Tualatin River, and several small urban creeks in Oregon.  Thirty-nine compounds were detected at concentrations ranging from <1 to >1,000 ng [g sediment]<sup>-1</sup> dry weight basis.  Columbia River mainstem, suggesting a higher risk of exposure to aquatic life in lower order streams.  Ten known or suspected EDCs were detected during the study.  At least one EDC was detected at 21 of 23 sites sampled; several EDCs were detected in sediment from most sites. This study is the first to document the occurrence of a large suite of CECs in the sediments of the Columbia River basin.  A better understanding of the role of sediment in the fate and effects of emerging contaminants is needed.","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/jawr.12161","usgsCitation":"Nilsen, E., Furlong, E.T., and Rosenbauer, R., 2014, Reconnaissance of pharmaceuticals and wastewater indicators in streambed sediments of the lower Columbia River basin, Oregon and Washington: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 50, no. 2, p. 291-301, https://doi.org/10.1111/jawr.12161.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"291","endPage":"301","ipdsId":"IP-046284","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473074,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/64g1j3sh","text":"External Repository"},{"id":287160,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287159,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jawr.12161"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon;Washington","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River","volume":"50","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53749074e4b0870f4d23cfdd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nilsen, Elena","contributorId":16758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nilsen","given":"Elena","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Furlong, Edward T. 0000-0002-7305-4603 efurlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"Edward","email":"efurlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosenbauer, Robert","contributorId":9551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbauer","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70148669,"text":"70148669 - 2014 - A capture-recapture model of amphidromous fish dispersal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-19T09:27:39","indexId":"70148669","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2285,"text":"Journal of Fish Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A capture-recapture model of amphidromous fish dispersal","docAbstract":"<p>Adult movement scale was quantified for two tropical Caribbean diadromous fishes, bigmouth sleeper Gobiomorus dormitor and mountain mullet Agonostomus monticola, using passive integrated transponders (PITs) and radio-telemetry. Large numbers of fishes were tagged in Rio Mameyes, Puerto Rico, U.S.A., with PITs and monitored at three fixed locations over a 2-5 year period to estimate transition probabilities between upper and lower elevations and survival probabilities with a multistate Cormack-Jolly-Seber model. A sub-set of fishes were tagged with radio-transmitters and tracked at weekly intervals to estimate fine-scale dispersal. Changes in spatial and temporal distributions of tagged fishes indicated that neither G. dormitor nor A. monticola moved into the lowest, estuarine reaches of Rio Mameyes during two consecutive reproductive periods, thus demonstrating that both species follow an amphidromous, rather than catadromous, migratory strategy. Further, both species were relatively sedentary, with restricted linear ranges. While substantial dispersal of these species occurs at the larval stage during recruitment to fresh water, the results indicate minimal dispersal in spawning adults. Successful conservation of diadromous fauna on tropical islands requires management at both broad basin and localized spatial scales.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Fisheries Society of the British Isles","publisherLocation":"London","doi":"10.1111/jfb.12316","collaboration":"Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources through Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Fund; North Carolina State University, North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Wildlife Management Institute","usgsCitation":"Smith, W., and Kwak, T.J., 2014, A capture-recapture model of amphidromous fish dispersal: Journal of Fish Biology, v. 84, no. 4, p. 897-912, https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.12316.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"897","endPage":"912","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052656","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":301326,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"84","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55853d2ee4b023124e8f5ae6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, W.","contributorId":34258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kwak, Thomas J. 0000-0002-0616-137X tkwak@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0616-137X","contributorId":834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwak","given":"Thomas","email":"tkwak@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70148668,"text":"70148668 - 2014 - Otolith microchemistry of tropical diadromous fishes: spatial and migratory dynamics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-19T09:33:17","indexId":"70148668","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2285,"text":"Journal of Fish Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Otolith microchemistry of tropical diadromous fishes: spatial and migratory dynamics","docAbstract":"<p>Otolith microchemistry was applied to quantify migratory variation and the proportion of native Caribbean stream fishes that undergo full or partial marine migration. Strontium and barium water chemistry in four Puerto Rico, U.S.A., rivers was clearly related to a salinity gradient; however, variation in water barium, and thus fish otoliths, was also dependent on river basin. Strontium was the most accurate index of longitudinal migration in tropical diadromous fish otoliths. Among the four species examined, bigmouth sleeper <i>Gobiomorus dormitor</i>, mountain mullet <i>Agonostomus monticola</i>, sirajo goby <i>Sicydium</i> spp. and river goby <i>Awaous banana</i>, most individuals were fully amphidromous, but 9-12% were semi-amphidromous as recruits, having never experienced marine or estuarine conditions in early life stages and showing no evidence of marine elemental signatures in their otolith core. Populations of one species, <i>G. dormitor</i>, may have contained a small contingent of semi-amphidromous adults, migratory individuals that periodically occupied marine or estuarine habitats (4%); however, adult migratory elemental signatures may have been confounded with those related to diet and physiology. These findings indicate the plasticity of migratory strategies of tropical diadromous fishes, which may be more variable than simple categorization might suggest.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Fisheries Society of the British Isles","publisherLocation":"London","doi":"10.1111/jfb.12317","collaboration":"Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources through Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration; North Carolina State University, North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute","usgsCitation":"Smith, W.E., and Kwak, T.J., 2014, Otolith microchemistry of tropical diadromous fishes: spatial and migratory dynamics: Journal of Fish Biology, v. 84, no. 4, p. 913-928, https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.12317.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"913","endPage":"928","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052655","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":301327,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"84","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55853d45e4b023124e8f5b1c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, William E.","contributorId":141055,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kwak, Thomas J. 0000-0002-0616-137X tkwak@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0616-137X","contributorId":834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwak","given":"Thomas","email":"tkwak@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70101272,"text":"70101272 - 2014 - Small reservoir distribution, rate of construction, and uses in the upper and middle Chattahoochee basins of the Georgia Piedmont, USA, 1950-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-12T11:02:05","indexId":"70101272","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T10:24:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1957,"text":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-information","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Small reservoir distribution, rate of construction, and uses in the upper and middle Chattahoochee basins of the Georgia Piedmont, USA, 1950-2010","docAbstract":"Construction of small reservoirs affects ecosystem processes in numerous ways including fragmenting stream habitat, altering hydrology, and modifying water chemistry. While the upper and middle Chattahoochee River basins within the Southeastern United States Piedmont contain few natural lakes, they have a high density of small reservoirs (more than 7500 small reservoirs in the nearly 12,000 km2 basin). Policymakers and water managers in the region have little information about small reservoir distribution, uses, or the cumulative inundation of land cover caused by small reservoir construction. Examination of aerial photography reveals the spatiotemporal patterns and extent of small reservoir construction from 1950 to 2010. Over that 60 year timeframe, the area inundated by water increased nearly six fold (from 19 reservoirs covering 0.16% of the study area in 1950 to 329 reservoirs covering 0.95% of the study area in 2010). While agricultural practices were associated with reservoir creation from 1950 to 1970, the highest rates of reservoir construction occurred during subsequent suburban development between 1980 and 1990. Land cover adjacent to individual reservoirs transitioned over time through agricultural abandonment, land reforestation, and conversion to development during suburban expansion. The prolific rate of ongoing small reservoir creation, particularly in newly urbanizing regions and developing counties, necessitates additional attention from watershed managers and continued scientific research into cumulative environmental impacts at the watershed scale.","language":"English","publisher":"International Journal of Geo-Information","doi":"10.3390/ijgi3020460","usgsCitation":"Ignatius, A.R., and Jones, J., 2014, Small reservoir distribution, rate of construction, and uses in the upper and middle Chattahoochee basins of the Georgia Piedmont, USA, 1950-2010: ISPRS International Journal of Geo-information, v. 3, no. 2, p. 460-480, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi3020460.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"460","endPage":"480","ipdsId":"IP-041039","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473075,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi3020460","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":286169,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Chattahoochee River Basin, Georgia Piedmont","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84.599022,33.757124 ], [ -84.599022,34.987592 ], [ -82.965826,34.987592 ], [ -82.965826,33.757124 ], [ -84.599022,33.757124 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517063e4b05569d805a3bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ignatius, Amber R. arignatius@usgs.gov","contributorId":3817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ignatius","given":"Amber","email":"arignatius@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":492651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, John W. 0000-0001-6117-3691 jwjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6117-3691","contributorId":2220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"John","email":"jwjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37786,"text":"WMA - Observing Systems Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70112899,"text":"70112899 - 2014 - Infection of sea lamprey with an unusual strain of <i>Aeromonas salmonicida</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-18T11:39:01","indexId":"70112899","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T10:22:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Infection of sea lamprey with an unusual strain of <i>Aeromonas salmonicida</i>","docAbstract":"The invasion of the Laurentian Great Lakes by the fish-parasitic sea lamprey has led to catastrophic consequences, including the potential introduction of fish pathogens. Aeromonas salmonicida is a bacterial fish pathogen that causes devastating losses worldwide. Currently, there are five accepted subspecies of Aeromonas salmonicida: A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, masoucida, smithia, achromogenes, and pectinolytica. We discuss the discovery of an isolate of A. salmonicida that is pathogenic to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and exhibits unique phenotypic and molecular characteristics. We examined 181 adult sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) from the Humber River (Lake Ontario watershed) and 162 adult sea lamprey from Duffins Creek (Lake Ontario watershed) during the spring seasons of 2005–11. Among those, 4/343 (1.2%) sea lamprey were culture positive for A. salmonicida, whereby biochemical and molecular studies identified three of the isolates as A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. The remaining isolate (As-SL1) recovered from Humber River sea lamprey was phenotypically more similar to A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida than to the four other A. salmonicida subspecies. However, unlike A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, As-SL1 was sucrose positive, produced an acid-over-acid reaction on triple-sugar iron medium and did not amplify with A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida specific primers. Phylogenetic analysis based on partial stretches of the 16S rRNA and DNA gyrase subunit B genes further confirmed that the As-SL1 isolate was not A. salmonicida subsp. masoucida, smithia, achromogenes, or pectinolytica. Based on our analyses, the As-SL1 isolate is either an unusual strain of A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida or a novel A. salmonicida subspecies. The four A. salmonicida isolates that were recovered from sea lamprey were pathogenic to rainbow trout in experimental challenge studies. Our study also underscores the potential role of sea lamprey in the ecology of infectious fish diseases.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/2013-01-026","usgsCitation":"Diamanka, A., Loch, T.P., Cipriano, R.C., Winters, A.D., and Faisal, M., 2014, Infection of sea lamprey with an unusual strain of <i>Aeromonas salmonicida</i>: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 50, no. 2, p. 159-170, https://doi.org/10.7589/2013-01-026.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"159","endPage":"170","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-057471","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288799,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288798,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.7589/2013-01-026"}],"volume":"50","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae774ce4b0abf75cf2c0e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Diamanka, Arfang","contributorId":14737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diamanka","given":"Arfang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loch, Thomas P.","contributorId":44080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loch","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cipriano, Rocco C. rcipriano@usgs.gov","contributorId":2487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cipriano","given":"Rocco","email":"rcipriano@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":494877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Winters, Andrew D.","contributorId":88653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winters","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Faisal, Mohamed","contributorId":94600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faisal","given":"Mohamed","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70132323,"text":"70132323 - 2014 - Successes and challenges from formation to implementation of eleven broad-extent conservation programs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-24T17:37:50","indexId":"70132323","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Successes and challenges from formation to implementation of eleven broad-extent conservation programs","docAbstract":"<p>Integration of conservation partnerships across geographic, biological, and administrative boundaries is increasingly relevant because drivers of change, such as climate shifts, transcend these boundaries. We explored successes and challenges of established conservation programs that span multiple watersheds and consider both social and ecological concerns. We asked representatives from a diverse set of 11 broadextent conservation partnerships in 29 countries 17 questions that pertained to launching and maintaining partnerships for broad-extent conservation, specifying ultimate management objectives, and implementation and learning. Partnerships invested more funds in implementing conservation actions than any other aspect of conservation, and a program&rsquo;s context (geographic extent, United States vs. other countries, developed vs. developing nation) appeared to substantially affect program approach. Despite early successes of these organizations and benefits of broad-extent conservation, specific challenges related to uncertainties in scaling up information and to coordination in the face of diverse partner governance structures, conflicting objectives, and vast uncertainties regarding future system dynamics hindered long-term success, as demonstrated by the focal organizations. Engaging stakeholders, developing conservation measures, and implementing adaptive management were dominant challenges. To inform future research on broad-extent conservation, we considered several challenges when we developed detailed questions, such as what qualities of broad-extent partnerships ensure they complement, integrate, and strengthen, rather than replace, local conservation efforts and which adaptive management processes yield actionable conservation strategies that account explicitly for dynamics and uncertainties regarding multiscale governance, environmental conditions, and knowledge of the system?</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/cobi.12233","usgsCitation":"Beever, E.A., Bradford, J.B., Germino, M.J., Mattsson, B., Post van der Burg, M., and Brunson, M., 2014, Successes and challenges from formation to implementation of eleven broad-extent conservation programs: Conservation Biology, v. 28, no. 2, p. 302-314, https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12233.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"302","endPage":"314","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-038103","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296043,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5465d63be4b04d4b7dbd669d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beever, Erik A. 0000-0002-9369-486X ebeever@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9369-486X","contributorId":2934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beever","given":"Erik","email":"ebeever@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":522744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradford, John B. 0000-0001-9257-6303 jbradford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9257-6303","contributorId":611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradford","given":"John","email":"jbradford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":522745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Germino, Matthew J. 0000-0001-6326-7579 mgermino@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6326-7579","contributorId":3298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Germino","given":"Matthew","email":"mgermino@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":522746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mattsson, Brady J.","contributorId":84205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattsson","given":"Brady J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":522743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Post van der Burg, Max 0000-0002-3943-4194 maxpostvanderburg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3943-4194","contributorId":4947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Post van der Burg","given":"Max","email":"maxpostvanderburg@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":522742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brunson, Mark","contributorId":65781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brunson","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":525134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70114858,"text":"70114858 - 2014 - Occurrence of contaminants of emerging concern along the California coast (2009-10) using passive sampling devices","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-30T11:31:38","indexId":"70114858","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T10:10:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2676,"text":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Occurrence of contaminants of emerging concern along the California coast (2009-10) using passive sampling devices","docAbstract":"<p><span>Three passive sampling devices (PSDs), polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS), polyethylene devices (PEDs), and solid-phase microextraction (SPME) samplers were used to sample a diverse set of chemicals in the coastal waters of San Francisco Bay and the Southern California Bight. Seventy one chemicals (including fragrances, phosphate flame retardants, pharmaceuticals, PAHs, PCBs, PBDEs, and pesticides) were measured in at least 50% of the sites. The chemical profile from the San Francisco Bay sites was distinct from profiles from the sites in the Southern California Bight. This distinction was not due to a single compound or class, but by the relative abundances/concentrations of the chemicals. Comparing the PSDs to mussel (</span><i>Mytilus</i><span> spp.) tissues, a positive correlation exists for the 25 and 26 chemicals in common for the PEDs and SPME, respectively. Diphenhydramine was the only common chemical out of 40 analyzed in both POCIS and tissues detected at a common site.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.04.022","usgsCitation":"Alvarez, D., Maruya, K.A., Dodder, N.G., Lao, W., Furlong, E.T., and Smalling, K., 2014, Occurrence of contaminants of emerging concern along the California coast (2009-10) using passive sampling devices: Marine Pollution Bulletin, v. 81, no. 2, p. 347-354, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.04.022.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"347","endPage":"354","numberOfPages":"8","temporalStart":"2009-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-042349","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289127,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.41,32.53 ], [ -124.41,42.01 ], [ -114.13,42.01 ], [ -114.13,32.53 ], [ -124.41,32.53 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"81","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae778be4b0abf75cf2c179","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alvarez, David A.","contributorId":72755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alvarez","given":"David A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maruya, Keith A.","contributorId":85094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maruya","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dodder, Nathan G.","contributorId":15528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodder","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lao, Wenjian","contributorId":28531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lao","given":"Wenjian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Furlong, Edward T. 0000-0002-7305-4603 efurlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"Edward","email":"efurlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smalling, Kelly L.","contributorId":16105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smalling","given":"Kelly L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70134514,"text":"70134514 - 2014 - Mineralogical, chemical and K-Ar isotopic changes in Kreyenhagen Shale whole rocks and <2 µm clay fractions during natural burial and hydrous-pyrolysis experimental maturation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-11T10:43:25","indexId":"70134514","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineralogical, chemical and K-Ar isotopic changes in Kreyenhagen Shale whole rocks and <2 µm clay fractions during natural burial and hydrous-pyrolysis experimental maturation","docAbstract":"<p>Progressive maturation of the Eocene Kreyenhagen Shale from the San Joaquin Basin of California was studied by combining mineralogical and chemical analyses with K&ndash;Ar dating of whole rocks and &lt;2&nbsp;&mu;m clay fractions from naturally buried samples and laboratory induced maturation by hydrous pyrolysis of an immature outcrop sample. The K&ndash;Ar age decreases from 89.9&nbsp;&plusmn;&nbsp;3.9 and 72.4&nbsp;&plusmn;&nbsp;4.2&nbsp;Ma for the outcrop whole rock and its &lt;2&nbsp;&mu;m fraction, respectively, to 29.7&nbsp;&plusmn;&nbsp;1.5 and 21.0&nbsp;&plusmn;&nbsp;0.7&nbsp;Ma for the equivalent materials buried to 5167&nbsp;m. The natural maturation does not produce K&ndash;Ar ages in the historical sense, but rather K/Ar ratios of relative K and radiogenic<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup>Ar amounts resulting from a combined crystallization of authigenic and alteration of initial detrital K-bearing minerals of the rocks. The Al/K ratio of the naturally matured rocks is essentially constant for the entire depth sequence, indicating that there is no detectable variation in the crystallo-chemical organization of the K-bearing alumino-silicates with depth. No supply of K from outside of the rock volumes occurred, which indicates a closed-system behavior for it. Conversely, the content of the total organic carbon (TOC) content decreases significantly with burial, based on the progressive increasing Al/TOC ratio of the whole rocks. The initial varied mineralogy and chemistry of the rocks and their &lt;2&nbsp;&mu;m fractions resulting from differences in detrital sources and depositional settings give scattered results that homogenize progressively during burial due to increased authigenesis, and concomitant increased alteration of the detrital material.</p>\n<p>Hydrous pyrolysis was intended to alleviate the problem of mineral and chemical variations in initially deposited rocks of naturally matured sequences. However, experiments on aliquots from thermally immature Kreyenhagen Shale outcrop sample did not mimic the results from naturally buried samples. Experiments conducted for 72&nbsp;h at temperatures from 270 to 365&nbsp;&deg;C did not induce significant changes at temperatures above 310&nbsp;&deg;C in the mineralogical composition and K&ndash;Ar ages of the rock and &lt;2&nbsp;&mu;m fraction. The K&ndash;Ar ages of the &lt;2&nbsp;&mu;m fraction range from 72.4&nbsp;&plusmn;&nbsp;4.2&nbsp;Ma in the outcrop sample to 62.4&nbsp;&plusmn;&nbsp;3.4&nbsp;Ma in the sample heated the most at 365&nbsp;&deg;C for 216&nbsp;h. This slight decrease in age outlines some loss of radiogenic<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup>Ar, together with losses of organic matter as oil, gas, and aqueous organic species.</p>\n<p>Large amounts of smectite layers in the illite&ndash;smectite mixed layers of the pyrolyzed outcrop &lt;2&nbsp;&mu;m fraction remain during thermal experiments, especially above 310&nbsp;&deg;C. With no illitization detected above 310&nbsp;&deg;C, smectite appears to have inhibited rather than promoted generation of expelled oil from decomposition of bitumen. This hindrance is interpreted to result from bitumen impregnating the smectite interlayer sites and rock matrix. Bitumen remains in the &lt;2&nbsp;&mu;m fraction despite leaching with H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. Its presence in the smectite interlayers is apparent by the inability of the clay fraction to fully expand or collapse once bitumen generation from the thermal decomposition of the kerogen is completed, and by almost invariable K&ndash;Ar ages confirming for the lack of any K supply and/or radiogenic<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup>Ar removal. This suggests that once bitumen impregnates the porosity of a progressively maturing source rock, the pore system is no longer wetted by water and smectite to illite conversion ceases. Experimental attempts to evaluate the smectite conversion to illite should preferentially use low-TOC rocks to avoid inhibition of the reaction by bitumen impregnation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2014.01.007","usgsCitation":"Clauer, N., Lewan, M., Dolan, M.P., Chaudhuri, S., and Curtis, J.B., 2014, Mineralogical, chemical and K-Ar isotopic changes in Kreyenhagen Shale whole rocks and <2 µm clay fractions during natural burial and hydrous-pyrolysis experimental maturation: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 130, p. 93-112, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2014.01.007.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"93","endPage":"112","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-045134","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296612,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.5087890625,\n              35.10193405724606\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.5087890625,\n              37.77071473849609\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.01513671875,\n              37.77071473849609\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.01513671875,\n              35.10193405724606\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.5087890625,\n              35.10193405724606\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"130","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"548ace3fe4b00f366bee37c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clauer, Norbert","contributorId":79664,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clauer","given":"Norbert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":526125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lewan, Michael D. mlewan@usgs.gov","contributorId":940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewan","given":"Michael D.","email":"mlewan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":526123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dolan, Michael P.","contributorId":12880,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dolan","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":7104,"text":"Dolan Integration Group, Boulder, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":526127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chaudhuri, Sambhudas","contributorId":21708,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chaudhuri","given":"Sambhudas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":526124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Curtis, John B.","contributorId":70972,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Curtis","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":6606,"text":"Colorado School of Mines","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":526126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70129607,"text":"70129607 - 2014 - Capturing interactions between nitrogen and hydrological cycles under historical climate and land use: Susquehanna watershed analysis with the GFDL land model LM3-TAN","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-24T09:22:56","indexId":"70129607","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T09:19:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1011,"text":"Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Capturing interactions between nitrogen and hydrological cycles under historical climate and land use: Susquehanna watershed analysis with the GFDL land model LM3-TAN","docAbstract":"We developed a process model LM3-TAN to assess the combined effects of direct human influences and climate change on terrestrial and aquatic nitrogen (TAN) cycling. The model was developed by expanding NOAA's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory land model LM3V-N of coupled terrestrial carbon and nitrogen (C-N) cycling and including new N cycling processes and inputs such as a soil denitrification, point N sources to streams (i.e., sewage), and stream transport and microbial processes. Because the model integrates ecological, hydrological, and biogeochemical processes, it captures key controls of the transport and fate of N in the vegetation–soil–river system in a comprehensive and consistent framework which is responsive to climatic variations and land-use changes. We applied the model at 1/8° resolution for a study of the Susquehanna River Basin. We simulated with LM3-TAN stream dissolved organic-N, ammonium-N, and nitrate-N loads throughout the river network, and we evaluated the modeled loads for 1986–2005 using data from 16 monitoring stations as well as a reported budget for the entire basin. By accounting for interannual hydrologic variability, the model was able to capture interannual variations of stream N loadings. While the model was calibrated with the stream N loads only at the last downstream Susquehanna River Basin Commission station Marietta (40°02' N, 76°32' W), it captured the N loads well at multiple locations within the basin with different climate regimes, land-use types, and associated N sources and transformations in the sub-basins. Furthermore, the calculated and previously reported N budgets agreed well at the level of the whole Susquehanna watershed. Here we illustrate how point and non-point N sources contributing to the various ecosystems are stored, lost, and exported via the river. Local analysis of six sub-basins showed combined effects of land use and climate on soil denitrification rates, with the highest rates in the Lower Susquehanna Sub-Basin (extensive agriculture; Atlantic coastal climate) and the lowest rates in the West Branch Susquehanna Sub-Basin (mostly forest; Great Lakes and Midwest climate). In the re-growing secondary forests, most of the N from non-point sources was stored in the vegetation and soil, but in the agricultural lands most N inputs were removed by soil denitrification, indicating that anthropogenic N applications could drive substantial increase of N<sub>2</sub>O emission, an intermediate of the denitrification process.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biogeosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/bg-11-5809-2014","usgsCitation":"Lee, M., Malyshev, S., Shevliakova, E., Milly, P., and Jaffe, P.R., 2014, Capturing interactions between nitrogen and hydrological cycles under historical climate and land use: Susquehanna watershed analysis with the GFDL land model LM3-TAN: Biogeosciences, v. 11, p. 5809-5826, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-5809-2014.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"5809","endPage":"5826","numberOfPages":"18","ipdsId":"IP-058259","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473077,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-5809-2014","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":295706,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295705,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-5809-2014"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Susquehanna River","volume":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"544b6a1ae4b03653c63fb1c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, M.","contributorId":17932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Malyshev, S.","contributorId":58210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malyshev","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shevliakova, E.","contributorId":69910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shevliakova","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Milly, Paul C. D.","contributorId":100769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milly","given":"Paul C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jaffe, P. R.","contributorId":96204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70128273,"text":"70128273 - 2014 - Pesticide Toxicity Index: a tool for assessing potential toxicity of pesticide mixtures to freshwater aquatic organisms","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":77062,"text":"sir20065148 - 2006 - Pesticide toxicity index for freshwater aquatic organisms, 2nd edition","indexId":"sir20065148","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"title":"Pesticide toxicity index for freshwater aquatic organisms, 2nd edition"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70128273,"text":"70128273 - 2014 - Pesticide Toxicity Index: a tool for assessing potential toxicity of pesticide mixtures to freshwater aquatic organisms","indexId":"70128273","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"title":"Pesticide Toxicity Index: a tool for assessing potential toxicity of pesticide mixtures to freshwater aquatic organisms"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-13T11:35:23","indexId":"70128273","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T09:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pesticide Toxicity Index: a tool for assessing potential toxicity of pesticide mixtures to freshwater aquatic organisms","docAbstract":"<p>Pesticide mixtures are common in streams with agricultural or urban influence in the watershed. The Pesticide Toxicity Index (PTI) is a screening tool to assess potential aquatic toxicity of complex pesticide mixtures by combining measures of pesticide exposure and acute toxicity in an additive toxic-unit model. The PTI is determined separately for fish, cladocerans, and benthic invertebrates. This study expands the number of pesticides and degradates included in previous editions of the PTI from 124 to 492 pesticides and degradates, and includes two types of PTI for use in different applications, depending on study objectives. The Median-PTI was calculated from median toxicity values for individual pesticides, so is robust to outliers and is appropriate for comparing relative potential toxicity among samples, sites, or pesticides. The Sensitive-PTI uses the 5th percentile of available toxicity values, so is a more sensitive screening-level indicator of potential toxicity. PTI predictions of toxicity in environmental samples were tested using data aggregated from published field studies that measured pesticide concentrations and toxicity to <i>Ceriodaphnia dubia</i> in ambient stream water. <i>C. dubia</i> survival was reduced to &le; 50% of controls in 44% of samples with Median-PTI values of 0.1&ndash;1, and to 0% in 96% of samples with Median-PTI values &gt; 1. The PTI is a relative, but quantitative, indicator of potential toxicity that can be used to evaluate relationships between pesticide exposure and biological condition.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science of The Total Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.12.088","usgsCitation":"Nowell, L.H., Norman, J.E., Moran, P.W., Martin, J.D., and Stone, W.W., 2014, Pesticide Toxicity Index: a tool for assessing potential toxicity of pesticide mixtures to freshwater aquatic organisms: Science of the Total Environment, v. 476-477, p. 144-157, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.12.088.","productDescription":"14 p.; appendixes","startPage":"144","endPage":"157","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-046429","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294975,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294961,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.12.088"},{"id":294962,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969713015714"},{"id":299606,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/nawqa/pnsp/pubs/Nowell2014_STOTEN_PTI/Nowell2014_SuppInfo_PTI.zip","text":"Appendixes A-D"}],"volume":"476-477","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"543500b4e4b0a4f4b46a23b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nowell, Lisa H. 0000-0001-5417-7264 lhnowell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5417-7264","contributorId":490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nowell","given":"Lisa","email":"lhnowell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Norman, Julia E. 0000-0002-2820-6225 jnorman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2820-6225","contributorId":3832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norman","given":"Julia","email":"jnorman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moran, Patrick W. 0000-0002-2002-3539 pwmoran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2002-3539","contributorId":489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"Patrick","email":"pwmoran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Martin, Jeffrey D. 0000-0003-1994-5285 jdmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1994-5285","contributorId":1066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jdmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stone, Wesley W. 0000-0003-0239-2063 wwstone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0239-2063","contributorId":1496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Wesley","email":"wwstone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70124550,"text":"70124550 - 2014 - Behavioural cues surpass habitat factors in explaining prebreeding resource selection by a migratory diving duck","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-11T16:43:00","indexId":"70124550","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T07:48:05","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":770,"text":"Animal Behaviour","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Behavioural cues surpass habitat factors in explaining prebreeding resource selection by a migratory diving duck","docAbstract":"Prebreeding habitat selection in birds can often be explained in part by habitat characteristics. However, females may also select habitats on the basis of fidelity to areas of previous reproductive success or use by conspecifics. The relative influences of sociobehavioural attributes versus habitat characteristics in habitat selection has been primarily investigated in songbirds, while less is known about how these factors affect habitat selection processes in migratory waterfowl. Animal resource selection models often exhibit much unexplained variation; spatial patterns driven by social and behavioural characteristics may account for some of this. We radiomarked female lesser scaup, <i>Aythya affinis</i>, in the southwestern extent of their breeding range to explore hypotheses regarding relative roles of habitat quality, site fidelity and conspecific density in prebreeding habitat selection. We used linear mixed-effects models to relate intensity of use within female home ranges to habitat features, distance to areas of reproductive success during the previous breeding season and conspecific density. Home range habitats included shallow water (≤118 cm), moderate to high densities of flooded emergent vegetation/open water edge and open water areas with submerged aquatic vegetation. Compared with habitat features, conspecific female density and proximity to successful nesting habitats from the previous breeding season had greater influences on habitat use within home ranges. Fidelity and conspecific attraction are behavioural characteristics in some waterfowl species that may exert a greater influence than habitat features in influencing prebreeding space use and habitat selection within home ranges, particularly where quality habitat is abundant. These processes may be of critical importance to a better understanding of habitat selection in breeding birds.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.01.004","usgsCitation":"O’Neil, S.T., Warren, J.M., Takekawa, J.Y., De La Cruz, S.E., Cutting, K.A., Parker, M.W., and Yee, J.L., 2014, Behavioural cues surpass habitat factors in explaining prebreeding resource selection by a migratory diving duck: Animal Behaviour, v. 90, p. 21-29, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.01.004.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"29","numberOfPages":"9","ipdsId":"IP-051708","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293793,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293789,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.01.004"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.907962,44.577373 ], [ -111.907962,44.715944 ], [ -111.582843,44.715944 ], [ -111.582843,44.577373 ], [ -111.907962,44.577373 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"90","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54140b1ce4b082fed288b8f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Neil, Shawn T.","contributorId":62533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neil","given":"Shawn","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warren, Jeffrey M.","contributorId":16297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warren","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":500900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"De La Cruz, Susan E. W. 0000-0001-6315-0864 sdelacruz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6315-0864","contributorId":76239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De La Cruz","given":"Susan","email":"sdelacruz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cutting, Kyle A.","contributorId":44479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cutting","given":"Kyle","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Parker, Michael W.","contributorId":24297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Yee, Julie L. 0000-0003-1782-157X julie_yee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1782-157X","contributorId":3246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yee","given":"Julie","email":"julie_yee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70189199,"text":"70189199 - 2014 - Biochar application to hardrock mine tailings: Soil quality, microbial activity, and toxic element sorption","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-14T15:52:45","indexId":"70189199","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biochar application to hardrock mine tailings: Soil quality, microbial activity, and toxic element sorption","docAbstract":"<p><span>Waste rock piles from historic mining activities remain unvegetated as a result of metal toxicity and high acidity. Biochar has been proposed as a low-cost remediation strategy to increase soil pH and reduce leaching of toxic elements, and improve plant establishment. In this laboratory column study, biochar made from beetle-killed pine wood was assessed for utility as a soil amendment by mixing soil material from two mine sites collected near Silverton, Colorado, USA with four application rates of biochar (0%, 10%, 20%, 30% vol:vol). Columns were leached seven times over 65</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>days and leachate pH and concentration of toxic elements and base cations were measured at each leaching. Nutrient availability and soil physical and biological parameters were determined following the incubation period. We investigated the hypotheses that biochar incorporation into acidic mine materials will (1) reduce toxic element concentrations in leaching solution, (2) improve soil parameters (i.e. increase nutrient and water holding capacity and pH, and decrease compaction), and (3) increase microbial populations and activity. Biochar directly increased soil pH (from 3.33 to 3.63 and from 4.07 to 4.77 in the two materials) and organic matter content, and decreased bulk density and extractable salt content in both mine materials, and increased nitrate availability in one material. No changes in microbial population or activity were detected in either mine material upon biochar application. In leachate solution, biochar increased base cations from both materials and reduced the concentrations of Al, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn in leachate solution from one material. However, in the material with greater toxic element content, biochar did not reduce concentrations of any measured dissolved toxic elements in leachate and resulted in a potentially detrimental release of Cd and Zn into solution at concentrations above that of the pure mine material. The length of time of effectiveness and specific sorption by biochar is variable by element and the toxic element concentration and acidity of the initial mine material.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.02.003","usgsCitation":"Kelly, C.N., Peltz, C.D., Stanton, M.R., Rutherford, D.W., and Rostad, C.E., 2014, Biochar application to hardrock mine tailings: Soil quality, microbial activity, and toxic element sorption: Applied Geochemistry, v. 43, p. 35-48, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.02.003.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"48","ipdsId":"IP-045330","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343375,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595dfab7e4b0d1f9f056a7a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kelly, Charlene N. cnkelly@usgs.gov","contributorId":4563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"Charlene","email":"cnkelly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":703459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peltz, Christopher D.","contributorId":194216,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peltz","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stanton, Mark R. mstanton@usgs.gov","contributorId":1834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanton","given":"Mark","email":"mstanton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":703461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rutherford, David W. dwruther@usgs.gov","contributorId":1325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rutherford","given":"David","email":"dwruther@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":703460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rostad, Colleen E. cerostad@usgs.gov","contributorId":833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rostad","given":"Colleen","email":"cerostad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":703458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70146188,"text":"70146188 - 2014 - Distinguishing seawater from geologic brine in saline coastal groundwater using radium-226; an example from the Sabkha of the UAE","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-14T10:33:05","indexId":"70146188","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distinguishing seawater from geologic brine in saline coastal groundwater using radium-226; an example from the Sabkha of the UAE","docAbstract":"<p><span>Sabkhat (Salt flats) are common geographic features of low-lying marine coastal areas that develop under hyper-arid climatic conditions. They are characterized by the presence of highly concentrated saline solutions and evaporitic minerals, and have been cited in the geologic literature as present-day representations of hyper-arid regional paleohydrogeology, paleoclimatology, coastal processes, and sedimentation in the geologic record. It is therefore important that a correct understanding of the origin and development of these features be achieved. Knowledge of the source of solutes is an important first step in understanding these features. Historically, two theories have been advanced as to the main source of solutes in sabkha brines: an early concept entailing seawater as the obvious source, and a more recent and dynamic theory involving ascending geologic brine forced upward into the base of the sabkha by a regional hydraulic gradient in the underlying formations. Ra-226 could uniquely distinguish between these sources under certain circumstances, as it is typically present at elevated activity of hundreds to thousands of Bq/m</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;(Becquerels per cubic meter) in subsurface formation brines; at exceedingly low activities in open ocean and coastal water; and not significantly supplied to water from recently formed marine sedimentary framework material. The coastal marine sabkha of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi was used to test this hypothesis. The distribution of Ra-226 in 70 samples of sabkha brine (mean: 700&nbsp;Bq/m</span><sup>3</sup><span>), 7 samples of underlying deeper formation brine (mean: 3416&nbsp;Bq/m</span><sup>3</sup><span>), the estimated value of seawater (&lt;&nbsp;16&nbsp;Bq/m</span><sup>3</sup><span>) and an estimate of supply from sabkha sedimentary framework grains (&lt;~6&nbsp;Bq/m</span><sup>3</sup><span>) provide the first direct evidence that ascending geologic brine contributes significantly to the solutes of this sabkha system.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2014.01.018","usgsCitation":"Kraemer, T.F., Wood, W., and Sanford, W.E., 2014, Distinguishing seawater from geologic brine in saline coastal groundwater using radium-226; an example from the Sabkha of the UAE: Chemical Geology, v. 371, p. 1-8, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2014.01.018.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"8","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053031","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473084,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/6606","text":"External Repository"},{"id":299646,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United Arab Emirates","city":"Abu Dhabi","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              51.7950439453125,\n              23.115101554603044\n            ],\n            [\n              51.7950439453125,\n              24.816653556469955\n            ],\n            [\n              55.26123046875,\n              24.816653556469955\n            ],\n            [\n              55.26123046875,\n              23.115101554603044\n            ],\n            [\n              51.7950439453125,\n              23.115101554603044\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"371","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"552e3a2de4b0b22a157fa0a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kraemer, Thomas F. tkraemer@usgs.gov","contributorId":3443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraemer","given":"Thomas","email":"tkraemer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, Warren W.","contributorId":47770,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wood","given":"Warren W.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sanford, Ward E. 0000-0002-6624-0280 wsanford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-0280","contributorId":2268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"Ward","email":"wsanford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70168381,"text":"70168381 - 2014 - Identifying legal, ecological and governance obstacles and opportunities for adapting to climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-11T13:24:20","indexId":"70168381","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3504,"text":"Sustainability","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identifying legal, ecological and governance obstacles and opportunities for adapting to climate change","docAbstract":"<p><span>Current governance of regional scale water management systems in the United States has not placed them on a path toward sustainability, as conflict and gridlock characterize the social arena and ecosystem services continue to erode. Changing climate may continue this trajectory, but it also provides a catalyst for renewal of ecosystems and a window of opportunity for change in institutions. Resilience provides a bridging concept that predicts that change in ecological and social systems is often dramatic, abrupt, and surprising. Adapting to the uncertainty of climate driven change must be done in a manner perceived as legitimate by the participants in a democratic society. Adaptation must begin with the current hierarchical and fragmented social-ecological system as a baseline from which new approaches must be applied. Achieving a level of integration between ecological concepts and governance requires a dialogue across multiple disciplines, including ecologists with expertise in ecological resilience, hydrologists and climate experts, with social scientists and legal scholars. Criteria and models that link ecological dynamics with policies in complex, multi-jurisdictional water basins with adaptive management and governance frameworks may move these social-ecological systems toward greater sustainability.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/su6042338","usgsCitation":"Cosens, B., Gunderson, L., Allen, C.R., and Benson, M.H., 2014, Identifying legal, ecological and governance obstacles and opportunities for adapting to climate change: Sustainability, v. 6, no. 4, p. 2338-2356, https://doi.org/10.3390/su6042338.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"2338","endPage":"2356","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056238","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473078,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su6042338","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":317956,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56bdbec4e4b06458514aeece","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cosens, Barbara","contributorId":166744,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cosens","given":"Barbara","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gunderson, Lance","contributorId":30797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gunderson","given":"Lance","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allen, Craig R. 0000-0001-8655-8272 allencr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8655-8272","contributorId":1979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"allencr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":619840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Benson, Melinda H.","contributorId":54090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"Melinda","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70182174,"text":"70182174 - 2014 - Mummy Lake: An unroofed ceremonial structure within a large-scale ritual landscape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-20T11:56:09","indexId":"70182174","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2182,"text":"Journal of Archaeological Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mummy Lake: An unroofed ceremonial structure within a large-scale ritual landscape","docAbstract":"<p><span>The structure at Mesa Verde National Park known historically as Mummy Lake and more recently as Far View Reservoir is not part of a water collection, impoundment, or redistribution system. We offer an alternative explanation for the function of Mummy Lake. We suggest that it is an unroofed ceremonial structure, and that it serves as an essential component of a Chacoan ritual landscape. A wide constructed avenue articulates Mummy Lake with Far View House and Pipe Shrine House. The avenue continues southward for approximately 6&nbsp;km where it apparently divides connecting with Spruce Tree House and Sun Temple/Cliff Palace. The avenue has previously been interpreted as an irrigation ditch fed by water impounded at Mummy Lake; however, it conforms in every respect to alignments described as Chacoan roads. Tree-ring dates indicate that the construction of Spruce Tree House and Cliff Palace began about A.D. 1225, roughly coincident with the abandonment of the Far View community. This pattern of periodically relocating the focus of an Anasazi community by retiring existing ritual structures and linking them to newly constructed facilities by means of broad avenues was first documented by Fowler and Stein (1992) in Manuelito Canyon, New Mexico. Periods of intense drought appear to have contributed to the relocation of prehistoric Native Americans from the Far View group to Cliff Palace/Spruce Tree House in the mid-13th century and eventually to the abandonment of all Anasazi communities in southwestern Colorado in the late-13th century.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2014.01.021","usgsCitation":"Benson, L.V., Griffin, E.R., Stein, J., Friedman, R.A., and Andrae, S.W., 2014, Mummy Lake: An unroofed ceremonial structure within a large-scale ritual landscape: Journal of Archaeological Science, v. 44, p. 164-179, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2014.01.021.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"164","endPage":"179","ipdsId":"IP-051411","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335835,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ac0e30e4b0ce4410e7d602","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benson, Larry V. lbenson@usgs.gov","contributorId":1655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"Larry","email":"lbenson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Griffin, Eleanor R. 0000-0001-6724-9853 egriffin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6724-9853","contributorId":1775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"Eleanor","email":"egriffin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stein, J.R.","contributorId":60029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Friedman, R. A.","contributorId":181875,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Friedman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Andrae, S. W.","contributorId":181876,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Andrae","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70180391,"text":"70180391 - 2014 - Infiltration and runoff generation processes in fire-affected soils","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-30T09:34:05","indexId":"70180391","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Infiltration and runoff generation processes in fire-affected soils","docAbstract":"<p>Post-wildfire runoff was investigated by combining field measurements and modelling of infiltration into fire-affected soils to predict time-to-start of runoff and peak runoff rate at the plot scale (1 m<sup>2</sup>). Time series of soil-water content, rainfall and runoff were measured on a hillslope burned by the 2010 Fourmile Canyon Fire west of Boulder, Colorado during cyclonic and convective rainstorms in the spring and summer of 2011. Some of the field measurements and measured soil physical properties were used to calibrate a one-dimensional post-wildfire numerical model, which was then used as a ‘virtual instrument’ to provide estimates of the saturated hydraulic conductivity and high-resolution (1 mm) estimates of the soil-water profile and water fluxes within the unsaturated zone.</p><p>Field and model estimates of the wetting-front depth indicated that post-wildfire infiltration was on average confined to shallow depths less than 30 mm. Model estimates of the effective saturated hydraulic conductivity, <i>K<sub>s</sub></i>, near the soil surface ranged from 0.1 to 5.2 mm h<sup>−1</sup>. Because of the relatively small values of <i>K<sub>s</sub></i>, the time-to-start of runoff (measured from the start of rainfall),  <i>t</i><sub><i>p</i></sub>, was found to depend only on the initial soil-water saturation deficit (predicted by the model) and a measured characteristic of the rainfall profile (referred to as the average rainfall acceleration, equal to the initial rate of change in rainfall intensity). An analytical model was developed from the combined results and explained 92–97% of the variance of  <i>t</i><sub><i>p</i></sub>, and the numerical infiltration model explained 74–91% of the variance of the peak runoff rates. These results are from one burned site, but they strongly suggest that  <i>t</i><sub><i>p</i></sub> in fire-affected soils (which often have low values of <i>K<sub>s</sub></i>) is probably controlled more by the storm profile and the initial soil-water saturation deficit than by soil hydraulic properties.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.9857","usgsCitation":"Moody, J.A., and Ebel, B.A., 2014, Infiltration and runoff generation processes in fire-affected soils: Hydrological Processes, v. 28, no. 9, p. 3432-3453, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.9857.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"3432","endPage":"3453","ipdsId":"IP-042432","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334278,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-06-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58905ef1e4b072a7ac0cad39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moody, John A. 0000-0003-2609-364X jamoody@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2609-364X","contributorId":771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moody","given":"John","email":"jamoody@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ebel, Brian A. 0000-0002-5413-3963 bebel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5413-3963","contributorId":2557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebel","given":"Brian","email":"bebel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70188051,"text":"70188051 - 2014 - Landsat-8: Science and product vision for terrestrial global change research","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-30T16:17:41","indexId":"70188051","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landsat-8: Science and product vision for terrestrial global change research","docAbstract":"<p><span>Landsat 8, a NASA and USGS collaboration, acquires global moderate-resolution measurements of the Earth's terrestrial and polar regions in the visible, near-infrared, short wave, and thermal infrared. Landsat 8 extends the remarkable 40&nbsp;year Landsat record and has enhanced capabilities including new spectral bands in the blue and cirrus cloud-detection portion of the spectrum, two thermal bands, improved sensor signal-to-noise performance and associated improvements in radiometric resolution, and an improved duty cycle that allows collection of a significantly greater number of images per day. This paper introduces the current (2012–2017) Landsat Science Team's efforts to establish an initial understanding of Landsat 8 capabilities and the steps ahead in support of priorities identified by the team. Preliminary evaluation of Landsat 8 capabilities and identification of new science and applications opportunities are described with respect to calibration and radiometric characterization; surface reflectance; surface albedo; surface temperature, evapotranspiration and drought; agriculture; land cover, condition, disturbance and change; fresh and coastal water; and snow and ice. Insights into the development of derived ‘higher-level’ Landsat products are provided in recognition of the growing need for consistently processed, moderate spatial resolution, large area, long-term terrestrial data records for resource management and for climate and global change studies. The paper concludes with future prospects, emphasizing the opportunities for land imaging constellations by combining Landsat data with data collected from other international sensing systems, and consideration of successor Landsat mission requirements.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2014.02.001","usgsCitation":"Roy, D.P., Wulder, M., Loveland, T., Woodcock, C.E., Allen, R.G., Anderson, M.C., Helder, D., Irons, J.R., Johnson, D., Kennedy, R., Scambos, T.A., Schaaf, C.B., Schott, J.R., Sheng, Y., Vermote, E., Belward, A., Bindschadler, R., Cohen, W., Gao, F., Hipple, J.D., Hostert, P., Huntington, J., Justice, C., Kilic, A., Kovalskyy, V., Lee, Z.P., Lymburner, L., Masek, J.G., McCorkel, J., Shuai, Y., Trezza, R., Vogelmann, J., Wynne, R., and Zhu, Z., 2014, Landsat-8: Science and product vision for terrestrial global change research: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 145, p. 154-172, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2014.02.001.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"154","endPage":"172","ipdsId":"IP-054700","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473083,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2014.02.001","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":341888,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"145","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"592e84c5e4b092b266f10d99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roy, David P.","contributorId":54761,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roy","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":7049,"text":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":33433,"text":"University of Maryland, College Park","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":26958,"text":"South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":696329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wulder, M.A.","contributorId":36287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wulder","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Loveland, Thomas R. 0000-0003-3114-6646 loveland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":3005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas R.","email":"loveland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":696327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Woodcock, C. E.","contributorId":93696,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woodcock","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":13570,"text":"Boston University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":696534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Allen, R. G.","contributorId":192449,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allen","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Anderson, M. C.","contributorId":192450,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Helder, D. 0000-0002-7379-4679","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7379-4679","contributorId":15490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helder","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Irons, J. R.","contributorId":67694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irons","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Johnson, D.M.","contributorId":58266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kennedy, R.","contributorId":192451,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kennedy","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Scambos, T. A.","contributorId":45156,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scambos","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Schaaf, Crystal B.","contributorId":149538,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schaaf","given":"Crystal","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Schott, J. R.","contributorId":16613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Sheng, Y.","contributorId":66611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheng","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Vermote, E. F.","contributorId":149440,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vermote","given":"E. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Belward, A.S.","contributorId":6197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belward","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Bindschadler, R.","contributorId":107507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bindschadler","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Cohen, W.B.","contributorId":64046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohen","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Gao, F.","contributorId":60575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gao","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Hipple, J. D.","contributorId":192452,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hipple","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Hostert, Patrick","contributorId":192342,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hostert","given":"Patrick","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Huntington, J.","contributorId":192453,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huntington","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Justice, C.O.","contributorId":36450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Justice","given":"C.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Kilic, A.","contributorId":192454,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kilic","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Kovalskyy, Valeriy","contributorId":192062,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kovalskyy","given":"Valeriy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":26958,"text":"South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":696562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Lee, Z. P.","contributorId":192458,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lee","given":"Z.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Lymburner, Leo","contributorId":190978,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lymburner","given":"Leo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Masek, J. G.","contributorId":105883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masek","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28},{"text":"McCorkel, Joel","contributorId":192459,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCorkel","given":"Joel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":29},{"text":"Shuai, Y.","contributorId":192460,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shuai","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":30},{"text":"Trezza, R.","contributorId":192461,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Trezza","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":31},{"text":"Vogelmann, James 0000-0002-0804-5823 vogel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0804-5823","contributorId":192352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogelmann","given":"James","email":"vogel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5055,"text":"Land Change Science","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":32},{"text":"Wynne, R.H.","contributorId":147844,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wynne","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":33},{"text":"Zhu, Z.","contributorId":10898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":34}]}}
,{"id":70141031,"text":"70141031 - 2014 - Hydrological effects of forest transpiration loss in bark beetle-impacted watersheds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-15T17:52:12.448976","indexId":"70141031","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2841,"text":"Nature Climate Change","onlineIssn":"1758-6798","printIssn":"1758-678X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrological effects of forest transpiration loss in bark beetle-impacted watersheds","docAbstract":"<p><span>The recent climate-exacerbated mountain pine beetle infestation in the Rocky Mountains of North America has resulted in tree death that is unprecedented in recorded history. The spatial and temporal heterogeneity inherent in insect infestation creates a complex and often unpredictable watershed response, influencing the primary storage and flow components of the hydrologic cycle. Despite the increased vulnerability of forested ecosystems under changing climate</span><sup>1</sup><span>, watershed-scale implications of interception, ground evaporation, and transpiration changes remain relatively unknown, with conflicting reports of streamflow perturbations across regions. Here, contributions to streamflow are analysed through time and space to investigate the potential for increased groundwater inputs resulting from hydrologic change after infestation. Results demonstrate that fractional late-summer groundwater contributions from impacted watersheds are 30 &plusmn; 15% greater after infestation and when compared with a neighbouring watershed that experienced earlier and less-severe attack, albeit uncertainty propagations through time and space are considerable. Water budget analysis confirms that transpiration loss resulting from beetle kill can account for the relative increase in groundwater contributions to streams, often considered the sustainable flow fraction and critical to mountain water supplies and&nbsp;ecosystems.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","doi":"10.1038/nclimate2198","usgsCitation":"Bearup, L.A., Maxwell, R.M., Clow, D.W., and McCray, J.E., 2014, Hydrological effects of forest transpiration loss in bark beetle-impacted watersheds: Nature Climate Change, v. 4, p. 481-486, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2198.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"481","endPage":"486","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054398","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297943,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountain National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106.0675048828125,\n              40.012890779526174\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.0675048828125,\n              40.591013883455936\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.38909912109375,\n              40.591013883455936\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.38909912109375,\n              40.012890779526174\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.0675048828125,\n              40.012890779526174\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2bcce4b08de9379b34db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bearup, Lindsay A.","contributorId":139257,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bearup","given":"Lindsay","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6606,"text":"Colorado School of Mines","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maxwell, Reed M.","contributorId":95373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maxwell","given":"Reed","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":540537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clow, David W. 0000-0001-6183-4824 dwclow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6183-4824","contributorId":1671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"David","email":"dwclow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCray, John E.","contributorId":139258,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCray","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6606,"text":"Colorado School of Mines","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70148144,"text":"70148144 - 2014 - American shad migratory behavior, weight loss, survival, and abundance in a North Carolina River following dam removals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-27T13:47:35","indexId":"70148144","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"American shad migratory behavior, weight loss, survival, and abundance in a North Carolina River following dam removals","docAbstract":"<p><span>Despite extensive management and research, populations of American Shad&nbsp;</span><i>Alosa sapidissima</i><span>&nbsp;have experienced prolonged declines, and uncertainty about the underlying mechanisms causing these declines remains. In the springs of 2007 through 2010, we used a resistance board weir and PIT technology to capture, tag, and track American Shad in the Little River, North Carolina, a tributary to the Neuse River with complete and partial removals of low-head dams. Our objectives were to examine migratory behaviors and estimate weight loss, survival, and abundance during each spawning season. Males typically immigrated earlier than females and also used upstream habitat at a higher percentage, but otherwise exhibited relatively similar migratory patterns. Proportional weight loss displayed a strong positive relationship with both cumulative water temperature during residence time and number of days spent upstream, and to a lesser extent, minimum distance the fish traveled in the river. Surviving emigrating males lost up to 30% of their initial weight and females lost up to 50% of their initial weight, indicating there are potential survival thresholds. Survival for the spawning season was low and estimates ranged from 0.07 to 0.17; no distinct factors (e.g., sex, size, migration distance) that could contribute to survival were detected. Sampled and estimated American Shad abundance increased from 2007 through 2009, but was lower in 2010. Our study provides substantial new information about American Shad spawning that may aid restoration efforts.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2014.882410","usgsCitation":"Raabe, J.K., and Hightower, J.E., 2014, American shad migratory behavior, weight loss, survival, and abundance in a North Carolina River following dam removals: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 143, no. 3, p. 673-688, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2014.882410.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"673","endPage":"688","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-050974","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300864,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Little River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -78.20686340332031,\n              35.60288130725417\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.19244384765625,\n              35.58166340367189\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.17562103271484,\n              35.572448615622804\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.16497802734375,\n              35.563512051219696\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.16978454589842,\n              35.554015859485595\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.17150115966797,\n              35.54619462154643\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.1680679321289,\n              35.538093249404184\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.17150115966797,\n              35.53166744135354\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.17081451416016,\n              35.52244690472594\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.16497802734375,\n              35.518534841844364\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.17218780517578,\n              35.515740394479316\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.17699432373047,\n              35.50847437608772\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.17047119140625,\n              35.498971667611976\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.16463470458984,\n              35.49785362799176\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.15845489501953,\n              35.50120770016921\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.15364837646484,\n              35.496456056584165\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.15502166748047,\n              35.48779057119978\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.13304901123047,\n              35.46570333507351\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.12755584716797,\n              35.46598295825904\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.11588287353516,\n              35.46290704974907\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.10386657714844,\n              35.458153141593264\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.0963134765625,\n              35.46039030983905\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.08738708496094,\n              35.4508819151422\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.06541442871094,\n              35.443050628750456\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.06129455566406,\n              35.449483527031475\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.057861328125,\n              35.449483527031475\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.05477142333984,\n              35.43913469980961\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.04378509521484,\n              35.441372396815304\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.035888671875,\n              35.44500852178629\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.03279876708984,\n              35.43913469980961\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.02799224853516,\n              35.43381992014202\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.0197525024414,\n              35.431582013221295\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.02215576171875,\n              35.42626673502823\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.0197525024414,\n              35.420111764144515\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.01116943359375,\n              35.4159149234562\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.0087661743164,\n              35.41227748469718\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.01528930664062,\n              35.41003897923532\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.02696228027344,\n              35.40724075997159\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.03314208984375,\n              35.403882768619475\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.03348541259766,\n              35.3960469114653\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.02970886230467,\n              35.38429169786879\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.02799224853516,\n              35.37981307060428\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.02936553955077,\n              35.37477431775729\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.02112579345703,\n              35.375334194722704\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.01700592041016,\n              35.380372912608856\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.01769256591797,\n              35.38653091826541\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.02043914794922,\n              35.39296833065277\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.02043914794922,\n              35.399405229214004\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.01563262939453,\n              35.40220372048504\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.00670623779297,\n              35.401644030002146\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.00636291503905,\n              35.40584161390886\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.00052642822266,\n              35.41003897923532\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.99915313720703,\n              35.423469079290605\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.01116943359375,\n              35.42486791930558\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.00945281982422,\n              35.42738577011564\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.01116943359375,\n              35.43745638623712\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.02146911621092,\n              35.44109268809115\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.02661895751953,\n              35.4433303306713\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.0307388305664,\n              35.45172093634465\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.0410385131836,\n              35.453119285575234\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.04859161376953,\n              35.447525742853344\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.05065155029297,\n              35.447805429223266\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.05065155029297,\n              35.45591591113412\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.05923461914062,\n              35.45899208697615\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.06781768798828,\n              35.458153141593264\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.07296752929688,\n              35.45591591113412\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.07193756103516,\n              35.451441263582495\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.07846069335938,\n              35.45703453414025\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.08429718017577,\n              35.458153141593264\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.0849838256836,\n              35.46710144127944\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.09219360351561,\n              35.46961797120201\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.101806640625,\n              35.46849952318069\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.10626983642578,\n              35.46626258047241\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.10970306396484,\n              35.46794029333679\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.11141967773438,\n              35.476048745444416\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.11965942382812,\n              35.47800583551617\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.12137603759766,\n              35.474371201749165\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.12755584716797,\n              35.47660791889787\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.13133239746094,\n              35.47660791889787\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.14609527587889,\n              35.488629207403235\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.1467819213867,\n              35.49925117508564\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.14952850341797,\n              35.506238545834904\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.15467834472655,\n              35.50987173838399\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.15467834472655,\n              35.51825540148536\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.16154479980469,\n              35.528594046864725\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.16291809082031,\n              35.53278501016141\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.15536499023438,\n              35.540328192421704\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.15811157226562,\n              35.54423919285255\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.1509017944336,\n              35.55373654269702\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.15605163574219,\n              35.55485380401207\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.14987182617188,\n              35.56183633443312\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.15742492675781,\n              35.56881825654513\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.15673828125,\n              35.576916524038616\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.15433502197264,\n              35.58501397284422\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.16223144531249,\n              35.587806006729444\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.17218780517578,\n              35.58278027563934\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.17596435546875,\n              35.58278027563934\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.1732177734375,\n              35.591156318876756\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.1783676147461,\n              35.59311060288303\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.18283081054688,\n              35.59031875398378\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.19278717041016,\n              35.596181524214686\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.1955337524414,\n              35.60204386504707\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.19793701171875,\n              35.60539358129148\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.20686340332031,\n              35.60288130725417\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"143","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5566eabae4b0d9246a9ec2cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Raabe, Joshua K.","contributorId":140952,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Raabe","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hightower, Joseph E. jhightower@usgs.gov","contributorId":835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hightower","given":"Joseph","email":"jhightower@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70187483,"text":"70187483 - 2014 - Genetic structuring of northern myotis (Myotis septentrionalis) at multiple spatial scales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-08T18:01:08","indexId":"70187483","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":648,"text":"Acta Theriologica","onlineIssn":"2190-3743","printIssn":"0001-7051","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Genetic structuring of northern myotis (<i>Myotis septentrionalis</i>) at multiple spatial scales","title":"Genetic structuring of northern myotis (Myotis septentrionalis) at multiple spatial scales","docAbstract":"<p><span>Although groups of bats may be genetically distinguishable at large spatial scales, the effects of forest disturbances, particularly permanent land use conversions on fine-scale population structure and gene flow of summer aggregations of philopatric bat species are less clear. We genotyped and analyzed variation at 10 nuclear DNA microsatellite markers in 182 individuals of the forest-dwelling northern myotis (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Myotis septentrionalis</i><span>) at multiple spatial scales, from within first-order watersheds scaling up to larger regional areas in West Virginia and New York. Our results indicate that groups of northern myotis were genetically indistinguishable at any spatial scale we considered, and the collective population maintained high genetic diversity. It is likely that the ability to migrate, exploit small forest patches, and use networks of mating sites located throughout the Appalachian Mountains, Interior Highlands, and elsewhere in the hibernation range have allowed northern myotis to maintain high genetic diversity and gene flow regardless of forest disturbances at local and regional spatial scales. A consequence of maintaining high gene flow might be the potential to minimize genetic founder effects following population declines caused currently by the enzootic White-nose Syndrome.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s13364-013-0163-8","usgsCitation":"Johnson, J.B., Roberts, J.H., King, T.L., Edwards, J.W., Ford, W.M., and Ray, D.A., 2014, Genetic structuring of northern myotis (Myotis septentrionalis) at multiple spatial scales: Acta Theriologica, v. 59, no. 2, p. 223-231, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13364-013-0163-8.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"223","endPage":"231","ipdsId":"IP-034013","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503844,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://zotero.org/groups/5435545/items/NPELWAGQ","text":"External Repository"},{"id":340912,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591183b7e4b0e541a03c1a76","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Joshua B.","contributorId":171598,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roberts, James H.","contributorId":83811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"King, Tim L. tlking@usgs.gov","contributorId":3520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Tim","email":"tlking@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Edwards, John W.","contributorId":169827,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Edwards","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ford, W. Mark wford@usgs.gov","contributorId":3858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ford","given":"W.","email":"wford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Mark","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":694138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ray, David A.","contributorId":191833,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ray","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70095143,"text":"ofr20141041 - 2014 - Measurements of slope currents and internal tides on the Continental Shelf and slope off Newport Beach, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-31T15:11:50","indexId":"ofr20141041","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-31T15:06:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1041","title":"Measurements of slope currents and internal tides on the Continental Shelf and slope off Newport Beach, California","docAbstract":"An array of seven moorings housing current meters and oceanographic sensors was deployed for 6 months at 5 sites on the Continental Shelf and slope off Newport Beach, California, from July 2011 to January 2012. Full water-column profiles of currents were acquired at all five sites, and a profile of water-column temperature was also acquired at two of the five sites for the duration of the deployment. In conjunction with this deployment, the Orange County Sanitation District deployed four bottom platforms with current meters on the San Pedro Shelf, and these meters provided water-column profiles of currents. The data from this program will provide the basis for an investigation of the interaction between the deep water flow over the slope and the internal tide on the Continental Shelf.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141041","issn":"2331-1258","usgsCitation":"Rosenberger, K.J., Noble, M.A., and Norris, B., 2014, Measurements of slope currents and internal tides on the Continental Shelf and slope off Newport Beach, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1041, vi, 65 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141041.","productDescription":"vi, 65 p.","numberOfPages":"73","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-046072","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":285157,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141041.jpg"},{"id":285155,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1041/"},{"id":285156,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1041/pdf/ofr2014-1041.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Newport Beach","otherGeospatial":"Continental Shelf;Orange County Sanitation District;San Pedro Shelf","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.0,33.5 ], [ -118.0,33.633333 ], [ -117.8,33.633333 ], [ -117.8,33.5 ], [ -118.0,33.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517054e4b05569d805a31b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenberger, Kurt J. krosenberger@usgs.gov","contributorId":2575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberger","given":"Kurt","email":"krosenberger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":491083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Noble, Marlene A. mnoble@usgs.gov","contributorId":1429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noble","given":"Marlene","email":"mnoble@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Norris, Benjamin","contributorId":65001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norris","given":"Benjamin","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":491084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70048954,"text":"ds803 - 2014 - Groundwater-quality data in the Klamath Mountains study unit, 2010: results from the California GAMA Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-05-28T21:12:12.342599","indexId":"ds803","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-28T15:19:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"803","title":"Groundwater-quality data in the Klamath Mountains study unit, 2010: results from the California GAMA Program","docAbstract":"<p>Groundwater quality in the 8,806-square-mile Klamath Mountains (KLAM) study unit was investigated by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) from October to December 2010, as part of the California State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program’s Priority Basin Project (PBP). The GAMA-PBP was developed in response to the California Groundwater Quality Monitoring Act of 2001 and is being conducted in collaboration with the SWRCB and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). The KLAM study unit was the thirty-third study unit to be sampled as part of the GAMA-PBP.</p>\n\n<br>\n\n<p>The GAMA Klamath Mountains study was designed to provide a spatially unbiased assessment of untreated-groundwater quality in the primary aquifer system and to facilitate statistically consistent comparisons of untreated-groundwater quality throughout California. The primary aquifer system is defined by the perforation intervals of wells listed in the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) database for the KLAM study unit. Groundwater quality in the primary aquifer system may differ from the quality in the shallower or deeper water-bearing zones; shallower groundwater may be more vulnerable to surficial contamination.</p>\n\n<br>\n\n<p>In the KLAM study unit, groundwater samples were collected from sites in Del Norte, Siskiyou, Humboldt, Trinity, Tehama, and Shasta Counties, California. Of the 39 sites sampled, 38 were selected by using a spatially distributed, randomized grid-based method to provide statistical representation of the primary aquifer system in the study unit (grid sites), and the remaining site was non-randomized (understanding site).</p>\n\n<br>\n\n<p>The groundwater samples were analyzed for basic field parameters, organic constituents (volatile organic compounds [VOCs] and pesticides and pesticide degradates), inorganic constituents (trace elements, nutrients, major and minor ions, total dissolved solids [TDS]), radon-222, gross alpha and gross beta radioactivity, and microbial indicators (total coliform and Escherichia coli [E. coli]). Isotopic tracers (stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen in water, isotopic ratios of dissolved strontium in water, and stable isotopes of carbon in dissolved inorganic carbon), dissolved noble gases, and age-dating tracers (tritium and carbon-14) were measured to help identify sources and ages of sampled groundwater.</p>\n\n<br>\n\n<p>Quality-control samples (field blanks, replicate sample pairs, and matrix spikes) were collected at 13 percent of the sites in the KLAM study unit, and the results were used to evaluate the quality of the data from the groundwater samples. Field blank samples rarely contained detectable concentrations of any constituent, indicating that contamination from sample collection or analysis was not a significant source of bias in the data for the groundwater samples. More than 99 percent of the replicate pair samples were within acceptable limits of variability. Matrix-spike sample recoveries were within the acceptable range (70 to 130 percent) for approximately 91 percent of the compounds.</p>\n\n<br>\n\n<p>This study did not evaluate the quality of water delivered to consumers. After withdrawal, groundwater typically is treated, disinfected, and (or) blended with other waters to maintain water quality. Regulatory benchmarks apply to water that is delivered to the consumer, not to untreated groundwater. However, to provide some context for the results, concentrations of constituents measured in the untreated groundwater were compared with regulatory and non-regulatory health-based benchmarks established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and CDPH, and to non-health-based benchmarks established for aesthetic concerns by the CDPH. Comparisons between data collected for this study and benchmarks for drinking water are for illustrative purposes only and are not indicative of compliance or non-compliance with those benchmarks.</p>\n\n<br>\n\n<p>All concentrations of organic constituents from grid sites sampled in the KLAM study unit were less than health-based benchmarks. In total, VOCs were detected in 16 of the 38 grid sites sampled (approximately 42 percent), pesticides and pesticide degradates were detected in 8 grid sites (about 21 percent), and microbial indicators were detected in 14 grid sites (approximately 37 percent).</p>\n\n<br>\n\n<p>Inorganic constituents (trace elements, major and minor ions, nutrients, and uranium and other radioactive constituents) and microbial indicators were sampled for at 38 grid sites, and all concentrations were less than health-based benchmarks, with the exception of one detection of boron greater than the CDPH notification level of 1,000 micrograms per liter (μg/L). Generally, concentrations of inorganic constituents with non-health-based benchmarks (iron, manganese, chloride, and TDS) were less than the CDPH secondary maximum contaminant level (SMCL-CA). Exceptions include three detections of iron greater than the SMCL-CA of 300 μg/L, four detections of manganese greater than the SMCL-CA of 50 μg/L, one detection of chloride greater than the recommended SMCL-CA of 250 μg/L, and one detection of TDS greater than the recommended SMCL-CA of 500 μg/L.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds803","collaboration":"A product of the California Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program; Prepared in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board","usgsCitation":"Mathany, T., and Belitz, K., 2014, Groundwater-quality data in the Klamath Mountains study unit, 2010: results from the California GAMA Program: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 803, x, 82 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds803.","productDescription":"x, 82 p.","numberOfPages":"96","ipdsId":"IP-036089","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":285118,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/803/pdf/ds803.pdf"},{"id":285117,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/803/"},{"id":285119,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds803.jpg"},{"id":504828,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_99759.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Albers Equal Area Conic Projection","country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Klamath Mountains study unit","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.1,\n              42\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.8,\n              42\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.8,\n              40.1167\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.1,\n              40.1167\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.1,\n              42\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517044e4b05569d805a245","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mathany, Timothy M. 0000-0002-4747-5113","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4747-5113","contributorId":99949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mathany","given":"Timothy M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}