THE potassium–argon ages presented here were obtained during 1966 to 1969 in order to provide an absolute time scale for the stratigraphic work by the international Omo Research Expedition in the Pliocene/Pleistocene formations (unpublished work of F. H. B., J. de Heinzelin and F. C. Howell) in south-west Ethiopia. Although some of these dates are not new1–3, most of the analytical procedures and data have not been presented. We also present a list of fossil localities recorded by the University of Chicago contingent of the expedition within the Shungura Formation. Preliminary descriptions of the Hominidae have been published already3,4.
Distribution of major and minor elements has been determined for five hornblende-biotite pairs from hornblende-biotite quartz diorite and monzotonalite and for a clinopyroxene-orthopyroxene pair from pyroxene diorite collected from the border zones and centers of zoned plutons in the northern Sierra Nevada, California. The distribution coefficients K d [Mg/Fe] for biotite/hornblende are of the same magnitude (0.61–0.67) for both the mafic border zone and the silicic center.
For comparison, K D [Mg/Fe] values for biotite/hornblende from plutonic rocks of the central Sierra Nevada and the southern California batholith were calculated from data published by others. Rocks of the oldest age group (ca. 150 m.y.) in the central Sierra Nevada have an average distribution coefficient, K D , of 0.64, close to the average K D in the study area, where K-Ar dates are 143 to 129 m.y. The intermediate age group has an average K D =0.81, and the youngest group has K D =0.77. K D [Mg/Fe] for biotite/hornblende from the southern California batholith is 0.83, close to the average of the intermediate age group in the central Sierra Nevada. The calculated difference in pressure of crystallization between rocks of the Feather River area and the southern California batholith is 1 kb; the rocks of the Feather River area being crystallized at a higher pressure. This is in good agreement with the low-pressure contact metamorphism in the south (pyroxene hornfels facies), as compared with a medium-pressure metamorphism around the northern plutons, where andalusitesillimanite-cordierite and andalusite-staurolite subfacies of the amphibolite facies indicate pressures of about 4 kb.
Trace elements Cr, V, Ni, Co, Ga are distributed equally between biotite and hornblende, whereas Ba and possibly Cu are concentrated in biotite and Sr and Sc and possibly Zr in hornblende.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00372256","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Hietanen, A., 1971, Distribution of elements in biotite-hornblende pairs and in an orthopyroxene-clinopyroxene pair from zoned plutons, northern Sierra Nevada, California: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 30, no. 2, p. 161-176, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00372256.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"161","endPage":"176","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203297,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Northern Sierra Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.728759765625,\n 36.88840804313823\n ],\n [\n -118.037109375,\n 36.88840804313823\n ],\n [\n -118.037109375,\n 38.74551518488265\n ],\n [\n -120.728759765625,\n 38.74551518488265\n ],\n [\n -120.728759765625,\n 36.88840804313823\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db6355d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hietanen, A.","contributorId":78062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hietanen","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70001540,"text":"70001540 - 1971 - Reduction of lithologic-log data to numbers for use in the digital computer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-18T00:11:55.409386","indexId":"70001540","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:21","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2554,"text":"Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reduction of lithologic-log data to numbers for use in the digital computer","docAbstract":"The development of a standardized system for conveniently coding lithologic-log data for use in the digital computer has long been needed. The technique suggested involves a reduction of the original written alphanumeric log to a numeric log by use of computer programs. This numeric log can then be retrieved as a written log, interrogated for pertinent information, or analyzed statistically.
Electron-microprobe analyses and mineragraphic studies of native gold demonstrate considerable variations in the primary intergrain and intragrain distribution of silver. The gold grains have from 1–55 weight percent silver; copper is present in grains from only one locality and ranges from 0.1–0.6 weight percent. Some gold grains have strong zoning of silver whereas others have no detectable zoning. Gold grains from some deposits show remarkable intergrain homogeneity of silver and/or copper content, but others exhibit extreme heterogeneity. We believe that the inhomogeneities and variations in silver content recognized and emphasized here are features of primary deposition. We also recognize low-silver rims with sharp boundaries bordering many of the grains examined but believe these are developed in a relatively oxidizing, low-temperature environment and are not primary lode features. Opaque mineral inclusions of primary origin in gold grains are common in some deposits, scarce in many, and virtually absent from others. These inclusions may be of value in characterizing some gold deposits. For the majority of gold crystals from Copper Basin, Arizona, the lowest silver content observed was in the central portion of each grain and the highest silver content was in the rim. This is believed to be due an increase in the proportion of silver to gold in solution during growth of the crystals. Analysis of sized fractions of 331 gold grains from Pennsylvania Mountain, Colorado, shows no systematic correlation of grain size with silver content. Electron microprobe step-scanning of gold from Alder Gulch, Montana, suggests more than one mineralization event took place. Pyrite and acanthite inclusions less than 0.05 mm in the largest dimension, are present in some grains from this deposit. Inclusions of pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, and an isotropic Co-As-S mineral are present in the low-silver, copper-bearing gold from Ninemile Creek, Montana. The presence of copper and the low silver content in this gold is not typical of the gold-quartz-pyrite association which is common in the Western United States.
A free-flying Canada goose (Branta canadensis interior), known to be just under a year old, laid a clutch of four eggs at the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center. At least half of the 2-year-old females nest at Patuxent, and almost all of the 3-year-olds nest. As far as we know, this is the first record of nesting by a yearling Canada goose.
","largerWorkTitle":"","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3799795","usgsCitation":"Hall, L.C., and McGilvrey, F., 1971, Nesting by a yearling Canada goose: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 35, no. 4, p. 835-836, https://doi.org/10.2307/3799795.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"835","endPage":"836","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193551,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.84284210205078,\n 38.99810812702949\n ],\n [\n -76.69967651367188,\n 38.99810812702949\n ],\n [\n -76.69967651367188,\n 39.09463067549315\n ],\n [\n -76.84284210205078,\n 39.09463067549315\n ],\n [\n -76.84284210205078,\n 38.99810812702949\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"35","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4746","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hall, L. C.","contributorId":6148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGilvrey, Frank B.","contributorId":14908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGilvrey","given":"Frank B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5220018,"text":"5220018 - 1971 - Unusual geese in the Pacific Coast states","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-15T16:59:30.868816","indexId":"5220018","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:53","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2793,"text":"Murrelet","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Unusual geese in the Pacific Coast states","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Northwestern Vertebrate Biology","doi":"10.2307/3534521","usgsCitation":"Wilbur, S., and Yocom, C., 1971, Unusual geese in the Pacific Coast states: Murrelet, v. 52, no. 2, p. 16-19, https://doi.org/10.2307/3534521.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"16","endPage":"19","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193561,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -125.37379436825458,\n 49.084528208477934\n ],\n [\n -124.56273760092989,\n 39.227681647734144\n ],\n [\n -121.47872814992914,\n 34.59843547717497\n ],\n [\n -117.99868028848411,\n 32.44754916210948\n ],\n [\n -114.91713209663112,\n 33.08364591118999\n ],\n [\n -114.22346995208409,\n 34.8937759149994\n ],\n [\n -119.75303298996334,\n 39.08256825611157\n ],\n [\n -120.01573332186254,\n 41.89125484894045\n ],\n [\n -117.17821849014551,\n 41.994706558746365\n ],\n [\n -116.81335653140556,\n 48.99506686773253\n ],\n [\n -125.37379436825458,\n 49.084528208477934\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60ec2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilbur, S.R.","contributorId":53908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilbur","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yocom, C.F.","contributorId":53909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yocom","given":"C.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5221084,"text":"5221084 - 1971 - Occurrence of the Xantus' murrelet off the Oregon coast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-27T13:25:57.697015","indexId":"5221084","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:52","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Occurrence of the Xantus' murrelet off the Oregon coast","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1365852","usgsCitation":"Scott, J.M., Butler, J., Pearcy, W., and Bertrand, G., 1971, Occurrence of the Xantus' murrelet off the Oregon coast: Condor, v. 73, no. 2, p. 254-254, https://doi.org/10.2307/1365852.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"254","endPage":"254","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197504,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -125.71946974909555,\n 46.74205791300582\n ],\n [\n -125.71946974909555,\n 41.64247456197879\n ],\n [\n -122.02806349909534,\n 41.64247456197879\n ],\n [\n -122.02806349909534,\n 46.74205791300582\n ],\n [\n -125.71946974909555,\n 46.74205791300582\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"73","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af4e4b07f02db6921a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, J. M.","contributorId":55766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Butler, J.","contributorId":63500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pearcy, W.C.","contributorId":98837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearcy","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bertrand, G.A.","contributorId":82418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bertrand","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5221054,"text":"5221054 - 1971 - Connoisseur of snails","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:50","indexId":"5221054","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:52","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1979,"text":"In-Sight (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Connoisseur of snails","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"In-Sight (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"In-sight has no volume or issue numbers.","usgsCitation":"Sykes, P., 1971, Connoisseur of snails: In-Sight (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service), no. October.","productDescription":"6","startPage":"6","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197438,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"October","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697d77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sykes, P.W. Jr.","contributorId":107385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sykes","given":"P.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5222372,"text":"5222372 - 1971 - Thirty-fifth breeding bird census: 10. Upland tulip-tree_maple-oak forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:37","indexId":"5222372","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:52","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":708,"text":"American Birds","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thirty-fifth breeding bird census: 10. Upland tulip-tree_maple-oak forest","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Robbins, C., 1971, Thirty-fifth breeding bird census: 10. Upland tulip-tree_maple-oak forest: American Birds, v. 25, no. 6.","productDescription":"971","startPage":"971","numberOfPages":"971","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199493,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62c0b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5220177,"text":"5220177 - 1971 - Transcontinental mourning dove recovery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-18T12:48:03","indexId":"5220177","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:52","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transcontinental mourning dove recovery","docAbstract":"A Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura) banded in New York has been reported shot in California. On 25 August 1969, near Palmyra (43°00' N, 77°10' W), New York Department of Environmental Conservation personnel placed U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service band 883-97279 on the leg of a hatching-year Mourning Dove of unknown sex. During the first weekend of the dove season in September 1970, Stan Solus (P.O. Box 594, Seiad Valley, California) recovered the band from a dove he shot in the Shasta Valley, Siskiyou County, California (41°30' N, 122°20' W). As Mr. Solus included the band with his reporting letter and, in response to my asking him for verification, reaffirmed his original information, the recovery has been accepted as authentic.
I suggest this vagrancy may be explained by assuming that the inexperienced New York bird got emotionally involved with a western bird with which it shared winter quarters, perhaps in Mexico, and thus the following year ended up a flower child in California.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/4083853","usgsCitation":"Sharp, B., 1971, Transcontinental mourning dove recovery: The Auk, v. 88, no. 4, p. 924-924, https://doi.org/10.2307/4083853.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"924","endPage":"924","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503140,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol88/iss4/25","text":"External Repository"},{"id":193761,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db626ece","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sharp, Brian","contributorId":81543,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sharp","given":"Brian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5221237,"text":"5221237 - 1971 - DDE thins eggshells and lowers reproductive success of captive black ducks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-01T11:42:38.672968","indexId":"5221237","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:51","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1103,"text":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"DDE thins eggshells and lowers reproductive success of captive black ducks","docAbstract":"Eggs of captive black ducks fed diets containing DDE at 10 and 30 ppm (dry weight) experienced significant shell thinning and an increase in shell cracking when compared to eggs of untreated black ducks. Eggshells from dosed ducks were: 18-24 percent thinner at the equator than shells from undosed ducks; 28-31 percent thinner at the cap; and 29-38 percent thinner at the apex. Shell cracking averaged 21 percent among eggs fram the 30 ppm DDE dosage and 10 percent among eggs from the 10 ppm dosage. Only 2 percent of the eggs from untreated black ducks were cracked. Survival of ducklings fram dosed parents in terms of 'percentage of 21-day ducklings of embryonated eggs' was 40-76 percent lower than survival of ducklings from undosed parents. Average DDE residues (wet weight) in eggs from hens fed 10 and 30 ppm DDE were 46 ppm and 144 ppm, respectively.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01796852","usgsCitation":"Longcore, J.R., Samson, F.B., and Whittendale, T., 1971, DDE thins eggshells and lowers reproductive success of captive black ducks: Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 6, no. 6, p. 485-490, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01796852.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"485","endPage":"490","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193482,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67eb0d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Longcore, J. R. 0000-0003-4898-5438","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4898-5438","contributorId":43835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Longcore","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Samson, F. B.","contributorId":77880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samson","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Whittendale, T.W. Jr.","contributorId":16520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whittendale","given":"T.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5220396,"text":"5220396 - 1971 - Great Dismal Swamp mammals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-24T18:21:12.219318","indexId":"5220396","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:51","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":919,"text":"Atlantic Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Great Dismal Swamp mammals","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Atlantic Naturalist","usgsCitation":"Meanley, B., 1971, Great Dismal Swamp mammals: Atlantic Naturalist, v. 26, no. 1, p. 17-18.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"17","endPage":"18","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194084,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Great Dismal Swamp","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.5911865234375,\n 36.42570252039198\n ],\n [\n -76.3275146484375,\n 36.42570252039198\n ],\n [\n -76.3275146484375,\n 36.785091795976946\n ],\n [\n -76.5911865234375,\n 36.785091795976946\n ],\n [\n -76.5911865234375,\n 36.42570252039198\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db671eb1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meanley, B.","contributorId":43867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meanley","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5221241,"text":"5221241 - 1971 - The occurrence and significance of polychlorinated biphenyls in the environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:49","indexId":"5221241","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:50","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3638,"text":"Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The occurrence and significance of polychlorinated biphenyls in the environment","docAbstract":"SUMMARY: Polychlorinated biphenyls constitute a group of chlorine-bearing compounds of industrial origin that have permeated the natural environment throughout the world. Their chemical structure resembles that of some of the organochlorine pesticides. They are troublesome interferences in gas chromatographic analysis of these pesticides. Although methods have been developed to overcome analytical problems, measurements of quantity still are only approximate. Special studies in the United States, Netherlands, and Great Britain have traced PCB's to industrial effluent, but other possible sources have not been followed. Their use in paints, cartons, and insulating fluids suggests that environmental pollution may be from many different sources. PCB's are present in fish and wildlife in many countries of the world. Quantities are higher in animals living near industrial areas. PCB's build up in biological food chains with increases of tens to thousands of times from lower to higher organisms. Experimental studies have shown that PCB's have a toxicity to mallards, pheasants, bobwhite quail, coturnix quail, red-winged blackbirds, starlings, cowbirds, and grackles that is of the same order as the toxicity of DDE to these species. Overt signs of poisoning also are similar to those caused by compounds of the DDT group. Toxic effects of DDE and Aroclor 1254 to coturnix chicks were additive, but not synergistic. PCB's containing higher percentages of chlorine are more toxic to birds than those containing lower percentages. PCB's of foreign manufacture contained contaminants to an extent that greatly increased their toxicity Aroclor 1242. Statistical evaluations of the role that different chemicals may play in thinning of eggshells of brown pelicans show that DDE residues correlate better with shell thinning than do residues of dieldrin or PCB's. Studies of the effects of PCB's in the environment are as yet insufficient for well-rounded conclusions. The evidence available indicates that they must be viewed as potential problems until fuller data can be assembled. Toxicity to insects of PCB's of different degrees of chlorination is the reverse of the pattern in birds: the lower chlorinations are more toxic to insects. PCB's enhanced the toxicity of dieldrin and DDT to insects. Shrimp are very sensitive to PCB's and most will die as a result of 20-day exposure to a concentration of 5 ppb. PCB's also inhibit shell growth of oysters. Fish and crabs are less sensitive; all accumulate residues to many times the concentrations in the water, and a test with crabs showed that they lost the residues very slowly. Residues of PCB's in the brains of birds killed by these compounds measure in the hundreds of parts per million. PCB's may have contributed to mortality of some birds in the field. PCB's induce microsomal enzyme activity in birds and mammals and the lower chlorinated mixtures have estrogenic activity in rats. Exposure to PCB's increased the susceptibility of mallard ducklings to duck hepatitis virus. Offspring of pheasants whose parents received high dosages of PCB's made poor choices in visual cliff tests. Egg production and hatching after pipping also were affected. Long-term studies of the reproductive effects of Aroclor 1254 on mallards and bobwhite quail and of Aroclor 1254 plus DDE on quail showed no significant differences from controls. In studies of chickens, however, egg production, hatchability, and shell thickness were impaired by high doses of Aroclor 1254 and by low doses of Aroclor 1242. Statistical evaluations of the role that different chemicals may play in thinning of eggshells of brown pelicans show that DDE residues correlate better with shell thinning than do residues of dieldrin or PCB's. Studies of the effects of PCB's in the environment are as yet insufficient for well-rounded conclusions. The evidence available indicates that they must be","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"1339_Dustman.pdf","usgsCitation":"Dustman, E.H., Stickel, L., Blus, L.J., Reichel, W.L., and Wiemeyer, S.N., 1971, The occurrence and significance of polychlorinated biphenyls in the environment: Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference, v. 36, p. 118-131.","productDescription":"118-131","startPage":"118","endPage":"131","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197327,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b46f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dustman, E. H.","contributorId":12579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dustman","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stickel, L.F.","contributorId":41095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stickel","given":"L.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blus, L. J.","contributorId":38116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blus","given":"L.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reichel, W. L.","contributorId":50482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reichel","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wiemeyer, Stanley N.","contributorId":78279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiemeyer","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5222374,"text":"5222374 - 1971 - Point system tests continue","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:37","indexId":"5222374","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:50","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1979,"text":"In-Sight (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Point system tests continue","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"In-Sight (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"In-sight has no volume or issue numbers.","usgsCitation":"Geis, A.D., 1971, Point system tests continue: In-Sight (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service), no. September, p. 3-4.","productDescription":"3-4","startPage":"3","endPage":"4","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199495,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"September","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad4e4b07f02db682f21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Geis, A. D.","contributorId":72885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geis","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5220572,"text":"5220572 - 1971 - Using your head when banding","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-24T14:52:23","indexId":"5220572","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:50","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3742,"text":"Western Bird Bander","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using your head when banding","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Western Bird Bander","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Hood, L.L., 1971, Using your head when banding: Western Bird Bander, v. 46, no. 1.","productDescription":"12","startPage":"12","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197114,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269916,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.westernbirdbanding.org/NFBB-WBB/WBB-v46%201971.pdf"}],"volume":"46","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685c7c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hood, L. L.","contributorId":31072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hood","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5220627,"text":"5220627 - 1971 - Population ecology of the great blue heron with special reference to western Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-15T01:36:56.800137","indexId":"5220627","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:50","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1163,"text":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population ecology of the great blue heron with special reference to western Oregon","docAbstract":"Great Blue Heron (Ardea herodias) begin nesting in western Oregon about 1 month earlier than reported from the Philadelphia region and about 2 months earlier than reported from Southern Alberta. The number of young fledged per nesting pair in Oregon was 2.04 in 1970 which was nearly identical to the 1.91 believed necessary to maintain a stable population in the northern United States. The level of p,p'DDE reported from two eggs in Oregon was within the same range as that reported from 40 eggs in Alberta. Although some thin-shelled eggs were being laid in Alberta, the observed production was believed sufficient for maintaining a stable population. Production rates reported from a heronry in central California suggested that the population there was also remaining fairly stable.","language":"English","publisher":"Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club","usgsCitation":"Henny, C.J., and Bethers, M., 1971, Population ecology of the great blue heron with special reference to western Oregon: Canadian Field-Naturalist, v. 85, no. 3, p. 205-209.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"205","endPage":"209","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":422588,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/343453"},{"id":193535,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"85","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db683f12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henny, Charles J.","contributorId":12578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bethers, M.R.","contributorId":89992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bethers","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5220943,"text":"5220943 - 1971 - Some patterns of woodcock activities on Maine summer fields","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:00","indexId":"5220943","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:50","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Some patterns of woodcock activities on Maine summer fields","docAbstract":"Certain aspects of woodcock usage of summer fields were studied in Maine. Findings were as follows: ....1. On two study fields in 1968, numbers of woodcock first began spending nights in the fields during the second week of June. During 1968 and 1969, the number of birds flushed from the fields varied greatly between nights. Use of fields continued into the first week of November......2. Woodcock started flying into summer fields approximately 26 minutes after sunset. Unless disturbed, birds remained on fields throughout the night and started departing for diurnal covers about 48 minutes before sunrise. The duration of evening and morning flight periods averaged 13 to 15 minutes.....3. Woodcock did not necessarily use the same field throughout the summer. Five of the 36 birds taken as repeats were caught on fields other than where originally banded. However, it was believed that flights to and from fields were essentially local movements.....4. Vegetation appeared to have been a critical factor influencing the distribution of woodcock in fields. Areas of low ground cover interspersed with taller and denser cover were used most frequently.....5. Immatures, especially immature males, were the predominant age-sex class captured on Maine summer fields. The question of whether the age-sex composition of birds using summer fields is atypical of the total woodcock population requires additional study.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wilson Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Krohn, W., 1971, Some patterns of woodcock activities on Maine summer fields: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 83, no. 4, p. 396-407.","productDescription":"396-407","startPage":"396","endPage":"407","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":16134,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Wilson/v083n04/p0396-p0407.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":198901,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"83","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e8e4b07f02db5e9070","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krohn, W.B.","contributorId":64355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krohn","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5221756,"text":"5221756 - 1971 - Monitoring pesticides in wildlife","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-20T13:05:58","indexId":"5221756","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:50","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3038,"text":"Pesticides Monitoring Journal","onlineIssn":" 0031-615","printIssn":" 0031-615","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring pesticides in wildlife","docAbstract":"Early in the development of the wildlife monitoring program, certain criteria were recognized as being important in the selection of species of wild animals suitable for pesticide monitoring purposes. Ideally, the forms selected should be geographically well distributed, and they should be reasonably abundant and readily available for sampling. In addition, animals occurring near the top of food chains have the capacity to reflect residues in organisms occurring at lower levels in the same food chains. Based on these criteria, species chosen for monitoring include the starling (Sturnus vulgaris), mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) and black ducks (Anas rubripes), and the bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus). The black duck is substituted for the mallard in States where suitable numbers of mallards cannot be obtained. The Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife is held responsible for the execution of the wildlife portion of the National Pesticide Monitoring Program. The primary objective is to ascertain on a nationwide basis and independent of specific treatments the levels and trends of certain pesticidal chemicals and other pollutants in the bodies of selected forms of wildlife. The program was first described by Johnson et al. (4) in 1967. The purpose of this report is to update and redescribe the wildlife monitoring program and briefly review accomplishments.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pesticides Monitoring Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Dustman, E.H., Martin, W., Heath, R., and Reichel, W.L., 1971, Monitoring pesticides in wildlife: Pesticides Monitoring Journal, v. 5, no. 1, p. 50-52.","productDescription":"50-52","startPage":"50","endPage":"52","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193513,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269749,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/26094536"}],"volume":"5","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b03e4b07f02db698ebf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dustman, E. H.","contributorId":12579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dustman","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, W.E.","contributorId":8149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heath, R.G.","contributorId":104999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heath","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reichel, W. L.","contributorId":50482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reichel","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5220591,"text":"5220591 - 1971 - Blood parasites of wood ducks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-13T20:16:50.624524","indexId":"5220591","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:50","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Blood parasites of wood ducks","docAbstract":"Examination of blood films from wood ducks (Aix sponsa) from several northeastern states revealed Haemoproteus, Leucocytozoon, Plasmodium and a typanosome. Haemoproteus occurred in all areas sampled and birds of the year from Massachusetts demonstrated the highest incidence during the last 2 weeks in August. Leucocytozoon was most prevalent in more northern areas. P. circumflexum and a trypanosome are reported for the first time from this host.
","largerWorkTitle":"","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3799879","usgsCitation":"Herman, C.M., Knisley, J.O., and Knipling, G.D., 1971, Blood parasites of wood ducks: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 35, no. 1, p. 119-122, https://doi.org/10.2307/3799879.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"119","endPage":"122","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196158,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16125,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3799879","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States ","state":"Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New York, Ohio, Vermont ","otherGeospatial":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": 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D.","contributorId":23654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knipling","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5220551,"text":"5220551 - 1971 - Distribution of the fiddler crab (Uca minax) in relation to marsh plants within a Virginia estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-17T12:15:57.18073","indexId":"5220551","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:50","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1228,"text":"Chesapeake Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of the fiddler crab (Uca minax) in relation to marsh plants within a Virginia estuary","docAbstract":"The distribution and abundance of the red-jointed fiddler crab, Uca minax, was related to the distribution of marsh plants within a Virginia estuary. The crab was found in association with 15 species of marsh phanerogams, occurring with five plant species more than 20 percent of the time. These plants were Spartina alterniflora, Scirpus robustus, Distichlis spicata, Spartina patens, and Spartina cynosuroides. Densities ranged from 0-76 burrows per square meter, mean densities being 7.88 within the brackish-water marsh and 14.35 within the salt-water marsh. The crab was not obtained by sampling the freshwater marsh.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.2307/1350779","usgsCitation":"Kerwin, J., 1971, Distribution of the fiddler crab (Uca minax) in relation to marsh plants within a Virginia estuary: Chesapeake Science, v. 12, no. 3, p. 180-183, https://doi.org/10.2307/1350779.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"180","endPage":"183","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197040,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6de4b07f02db63f3f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kerwin, J.A.","contributorId":105394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kerwin","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5220550,"text":"5220550 - 1971 - Synecology of a Virginia salt marsh","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-17T12:59:52.199297","indexId":"5220550","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:50","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1228,"text":"Chesapeake Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Synecology of a Virginia salt marsh","docAbstract":"In the spring and summer of 1964 a salt marsh in Gloucester County, Virginia, was analyzed using random quadrat sampling. Synthetic treatments were employed to evaluate data and were correlated with observed differences in elevation. Floristic data indicate the Virginia salt marshes show closer similarity to marshes north of Chesapeake Bay than those south of Chesapeake Bay. Correlation of floristic data with observed differences in elevation indicates that zonation in the marsh is dependent upon differences in elevation or some environmental factor correlated with elevation differences. Observations of sedimentation and erosion in localized areas indicate that the marsh is in a constant state of change, with extensive areas undergoing both succession and regression.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.2307/1350771","usgsCitation":"Kerwin, J., and Pedigo, R., 1971, Synecology of a Virginia salt marsh: Chesapeake Science, v. 12, no. 3, p. 125-130, https://doi.org/10.2307/1350771.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"125","endPage":"130","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198015,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db687def","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kerwin, J.A.","contributorId":105394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kerwin","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pedigo, R.","contributorId":106227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pedigo","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5220805,"text":"5220805 - 1971 - Preservation of Maui's endangered forest birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-27T13:23:17.643217","indexId":"5220805","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:50","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preservation of Maui's endangered forest birds","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1366138","usgsCitation":"Banko, W., 1971, Preservation of Maui's endangered forest birds: Condor, v. 73, no. 1, p. 120-121, https://doi.org/10.2307/1366138.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"120","endPage":"121","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503128,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol73/iss1/22","text":"External Repository"},{"id":193928,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Maui","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.79986032050817,\n 21.146998061662913\n ],\n [\n -156.79986032050817,\n 20.510364746467914\n ],\n [\n -155.84404977363312,\n 20.510364746467914\n ],\n [\n -155.84404977363312,\n 21.146998061662913\n ],\n [\n -156.79986032050817,\n 21.146998061662913\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"73","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db668ffc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banko, W.","contributorId":55536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banko","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}