The correct date of publication of numbers in the well-known North American Fauna series, begun in 1889, was printed on the cover of each issue through No. 48. After that time dates of publication that appear on the covers are either incomplete or incorrect. For taxonomic purposes, for developing a chronological survey of a subject, or for other reasons, the exact date of publication of numbers in this important series is useful. We think it important to call attention to the correct dates of publication for numbers beyond 48. Those dealing with birds are listed below by number, followed by the author's name for ease of reference, the date printed on the cover of the issue, and the correct date of publication in parentheses. Numbers not listed do not relate to birds (see J. Mammal., 51: 845, 1970).
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"Banks, R.C., 1971, Publication dates of the North American Fauna series: The Auk, v. 88, no. 3, p. 676-676.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"676","endPage":"676","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341455,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4083766"},{"id":199667,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a90e4b07f02db655fcb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banks, Richard C.","contributorId":102933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banks","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5223463,"text":"5223463 - 1971 - Proceedings of the eighty-eighth stated meeting of the American Ornithologists' Union","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-18T12:51:07","indexId":"5223463","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:50","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Proceedings of the eighty-eighth stated meeting of the American Ornithologists' Union","docAbstract":"The Eighty-eighth Stated Meeting of the American Ornithologists' Union was held 5-9 October 1970 at Buffalo, New York. Cosponsors were the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences, the Buffalo Audubon Society, and the Buffalo Ornithological Society. Business sessions were held in the Statler Hilton Hotel on 5 October, and papers sessions in the Buffalo Museum of Science on 6, 7, and 8 October. An all-day field trip on 9 October visited the Niagara Falls and Oak Orchard Swamp areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/4083969","usgsCitation":"Banks, R.C., 1971, Proceedings of the eighty-eighth stated meeting of the American Ornithologists' Union: The Auk, v. 88, no. 1, p. 144-162, https://doi.org/10.2307/4083969.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"144","endPage":"162","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480676,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/4083969","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":199666,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db6603a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banks, Richard C.","contributorId":102933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banks","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5220072,"text":"5220072 - 1971 - Individual black fly rearing cylinders (Diptera: Simuliidae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-13T22:29:34.197607","indexId":"5220072","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":798,"text":"Annals of the Entomological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Individual black fly rearing cylinders (Diptera: Simuliidae)","docAbstract":"This paper describes cylinders used to rear individual black flies. These cylinders were developed as an aid to identification of some black fly species.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic Press","doi":"10.1093/aesa/64.5.1192","usgsCitation":"Tarshis, I., 1971, Individual black fly rearing cylinders (Diptera: Simuliidae): Annals of the Entomological Society of America, v. 64, no. 5, p. 1192-1193, https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/64.5.1192.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"1192","endPage":"1193","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194273,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1971-09-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5efe3a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tarshis, I.B.","contributorId":83625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tarshis","given":"I.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5220069,"text":"5220069 - 1971 - Equipment for transporting live black fly larvae (Diptera: Simuliiae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-13T22:52:00.687832","indexId":"5220069","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":798,"text":"Annals of the Entomological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Equipment for transporting live black fly larvae (Diptera: Simuliiae)","docAbstract":"In studies relating to the biology and ecology of black flies, live larvae of at least 70 species of Simuliidae have been collected from their natural breeding sites and transported in containers with nonagitated water for short distances to the laboratory. One of us (Tarshis 1966) found, however, that even small numbers of simuliid larvae cannot survive in containers with nonagitated water for more than 6 hr. Additionally, when massive numbers of larvae are introduced into transport containers in which the water is not agitated, the larvae perish because they become entangled within the masses of silken threads they emit whenever disturbed (Tarshis and Neil 1970). Therefore, when transporting larvae long distances or when transporting large numbers of larvae any distance, it is essential to agitate the water in the transport containers.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic Press","doi":"10.1093/aesa/64.5.1194","usgsCitation":"Tarshis, I., and Adkins, T., 1971, Equipment for transporting live black fly larvae (Diptera: Simuliiae): Annals of the Entomological Society of America, v. 64, no. 5, p. 1194-1195, https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/64.5.1194.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"1194","endPage":"1195","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194270,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1971-09-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d673","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tarshis, I.B.","contributorId":83625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tarshis","given":"I.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adkins, T.R.","contributorId":100267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adkins","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5200265,"text":"5200265 - 1971 - Chlorinated hydrocarbons in the marine environment. A report prepared by the Panel on Monitoring Persistent Pesticides in the Marine Environment of the Committee on Oceanography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:19","indexId":"5200265","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-08T16:49:39","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"Chlorinated hydrocarbons in the marine environment. A report prepared by the Panel on Monitoring Persistent Pesticides in the Marine Environment of the Committee on Oceanography","docAbstract":"SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS : The oceans are an ultimate accumulation site for the persistent chlorinated hydrocarbons. As much as 25 percent of the DDT compounds produced to date may have been transferred to the sea. The amount of DDT compounds in the marine biota is estimated to be less than 0.1 percent of total production, yet this amount has produced a demonstrable impact upon the marine environment. Populations of fish-eating birds have experienced reproductive failure and decline. With continued accumulations of persistent chlorinated hydrocarbons in the marine ecosystem, additional species will be threatened. Continued release of these pollutants to the environment can only accelerate the accumulation of unacceptable levels of persistent chlorinated hydrocarbons in the tissues of marine food fish. Certain risks in the utilization of chlorinated hydrocarbons are especially hard to quantify, but they require serious consideration. The rate at which such substances degrade to harmless products in the marine system is unknown; the half-lives of some of the more persistent materials are certainly of the order of years, and perhaps even of decades or centuries. If most of the remaining 75 percent of the persistent chlorinated hydrocarbons is now in reservoirs that will in time transfer their contents to the sea, we may expect an increased level of these substances in marine organisms, despite future improvements of manufacturing practices. In fact, if these compounds degrade with half-lives of decades or longer, there will be no opportunity to redress the consequences. The more the problems are studied, the more unexpected effects are identified. In view of the findings of the past decade, our prediction of the potential hazards of chlorinated hydrocarbons in the marine environment may be vastly underestimated. The Panel makes the following recommendations, which will be developed and expanded in the remainder of the report: ? A massive national effort should be made immediately to effect a drastic reduction of the escape of persistent toxicants into the environment, with the ultimate aim of achieving virtual cessation in the shortest possible time. ? Programs should be designed both to determine the rates of entry of each pollutant into the marine environment and to make base-line determinations of the distribution of the pollutants among the components of that environment, These should be followed by a program of monitoring long-term trends in order to record progress and to document possible disaster. ? The laws relating to the registration of chemical substances and the release of production figures by government should be examined and perhaps revised in light of evidence of environmental deterioration caused by some of these substances.","language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Panel on Monitoring Persistent Pesticides in the Marine Environment, Goldberg, E., Butler, P., Meier, P., Menzel, D., Paulik, G., Risebrough, R., and Stickel, L., 1971, Chlorinated hydrocarbons in the marine environment. A report prepared by the Panel on Monitoring Persistent Pesticides in the Marine Environment of the Committee on Oceanography, vii, 42.","productDescription":"vii, 42","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201387,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e436","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Panel on Monitoring Persistent Pesticides in the Marine Environment","contributorId":128065,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Panel on Monitoring Persistent Pesticides in the Marine Environment","id":535066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldberg, E.D.","contributorId":86459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldberg","given":"E.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Butler, P.","contributorId":19266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meier, P.","contributorId":54704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Menzel, D.","contributorId":37038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Menzel","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Paulik, G.","contributorId":21258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paulik","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Risebrough, R.","contributorId":12597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risebrough","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Stickel, L.F.","contributorId":41095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stickel","given":"L.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70010400,"text":"70010400 - 1971 - Status of correlation of Quaternary stratigraphic units in the western conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-11T15:51:39.523259","indexId":"70010400","displayToPublicDate":"2004-11-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Status of correlation of Quaternary stratigraphic units in the western conterminous United States","docAbstract":"Deposits of Quaternary age from the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific Coast in the western conterminous United States represent a great variety of environments. The deposits include those of continental and alpine glaciers, glacial meltwater streams, nonglacial streams, pluvial lakes, marine environments, eolian environments, and masswasting environments. On two charts we have attempted to correlate representative sequences of deposits of many of these environments, based on published sources and recent unpublished investigations. Evidence for correlation is based mainly on stratigraphic sequence, soil characteristics, the amount of subsequent erosion and interlayered volcanic ash beds identifiable as to source. Chronologic control is based on numerous radiocarbon dates, U-series dates on marine fossils, and K-Ar dates on volcanic rocks. The Bishop volcanic ash bed and one of the Pearlette-like volcanic ash beds appear to represent significant regional key horizons, respectively about 700,000 and 600,000 years old. Rock magnetism is shown to suggest the paleomagnetic polarity at the time of rock deposition. Assigned land-mammal ages of included fossils help to put limits on the age of some units.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0033-5894(71)90042-1","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Birkeland, P.W., Crandell, D.R., and Richmond, G., 1971, Status of correlation of Quaternary stratigraphic units in the western conterminous United States: Quaternary Research, v. 1, no. 2, p. 208-227, https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(71)90042-1.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"208","endPage":"227","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219070,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -125.96145529446599,\n 49.08358361792253\n ],\n [\n -125.96145529446599,\n 31.737131441645047\n ],\n [\n -103.71088335207878,\n 31.737131441645047\n ],\n [\n -103.71088335207878,\n 49.08358361792253\n ],\n [\n -125.96145529446599,\n 49.08358361792253\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"1","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b97b1e4b08c986b31bbf0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Birkeland, P. W.","contributorId":44215,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Birkeland","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crandell, D. R.","contributorId":78385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crandell","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Richmond, G.M.","contributorId":104066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richmond","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70010308,"text":"70010308 - 1971 - Aircraft measurements of microwave emission from Arctic Sea ice","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-17T16:28:58.860957","indexId":"70010308","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aircraft measurements of microwave emission from Arctic Sea ice","docAbstract":"Measurements of the microwave emission from Arctic Sea ice were made with aircraft at 8 wavelengths ranging from 0.510 to 2.81 cm. The expected contrast in emissivities between ice and water was observed at all wavelengths. Distributions of sea ice and open water were mapped from altitudes up to 11 km in the presence of dense cloud cover.
Different forms of ice also exhibited strong contrasts in emissivity. Emissivity differences of up to 0.2 were observed between two types of ice at the 0.811-cm wavelength. The higher emissivity ice type is tentatively identified as having been formed more recently than the lower emissivity ice.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0034-4257(71)90087-3","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Wilheit, T., Nordberg, W., Blinn, J., Campbell, W., and Edgerton, A., 1971, Aircraft measurements of microwave emission from Arctic Sea ice: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 2, p. 129-139, https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-4257(71)90087-3.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"129","endPage":"139","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":492511,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19720002627","text":"External Repository"},{"id":219524,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Arctic Ocean","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -157.67141263954784,\n 71.53476969657737\n ],\n [\n -157.67141263954784,\n 70.55110700956257\n ],\n [\n -155.29270853599618,\n 70.55110700956257\n ],\n [\n -155.29270853599618,\n 71.53476969657737\n ],\n [\n -157.67141263954784,\n 71.53476969657737\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e92ae4b0c8380cd4812a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilheit, T.","contributorId":66414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilheit","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nordberg, W.","contributorId":27187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordberg","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blinn, J.","contributorId":39516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blinn","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Campbell, W.","contributorId":14087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Edgerton, A.","contributorId":101002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edgerton","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70010026,"text":"70010026 - 1971 - The sea sled - A device for measuring bottom profiles in the surf zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-16T23:10:30.12453","indexId":"70010026","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The sea sled - A device for measuring bottom profiles in the surf zone","docAbstract":"The Sea Sled is a simple, easily constructed device for obtaining relatively accurate and quick bottom profiles in the surf zone. The onshore — offshore motion associated with the passage of waves propels the sled on both its seaward traverse and the shoreward return. The device has been successfully used along the California coast.
Development of ground water for irrigation affects streamflow and water levels in the sand-plain area of central Wisconsin. Additional irrigation development may reduce opportunities for water-based recreation by degrading the streams as trout habitat and by lowering lake levels. This study was made to inventory present development of irrigation in the sand-plain area, assess potential future development, and estimate the effects of irrigation on streamflow and ground-water levels. The suitability of land and the availability of ground water for irrigation are dependent, to a large extent, upon the geology of the area. Rocks making up the ground-water reservoir include outwash, morainal deposits, and glacial lake deposits. These deposits are underlain by crystalline rocks and by sandstone, which act as the floor of the ground-water reservoir. Outwash, the main aquifer, supplies water to about 300 irrigation wells and maintains relatively stable flow in the streams draining the area. The saturated thickness of these deposits is more than 100 feet over much of the area and is as much as 180 feet in bedrock valleys. The saturated thickness of the outwash generally is great enough to provide sufficient water for large-scale irrigation in all but two areas --one near the town of Wisconsin Rapids and one near Dorro Couche Mound. Aquifer tests indicate that the permeability of the outwash is quite high, ranging from about 1,000 gpd per square foot to about 3,800 gpd per square foot, Specific capacities of irrigation wells in the area range from 14 to 157 gpm per foot of drawdown. Water use in the sand-plain area is mainly for irrigation and waterbased recreation. Irrigation development began in the area in the late 1940's, and by 1967 about 19,500 acre-feet of water were pumped to irrigate 34,000 acres of potatoes, snap beans, corn, cucumbers, and other crops. About 70 percent of the applied water was lost to evapotranspiration, and about 30 percent was returned to the ground-water reservoir. Irrigation development should continue in the sand plain; future development probably will include improved artificial drainage and land clearing. The hydrology of the sand-plain area was studied from water budgets for seven basins and from water balances for eight types of vegetative cover or land use. During the study period about 16-20 inches of the 28- to 30-inch average annual precipitation were lost to evapotranspiration from different basins in the area, Evapotranspiration from different types of vegetative cover or land use ranged from about 14 inches per year for bare ground to about 25 inches per year from land covered by phreatophytes. Evapotranspiration is about 19 inches from forested land, about 16 inches from grassland and unirrigated row crops, about 19 inches from irrigated beans, and about 22 inches from irrigated potatoes. Variations in evapotranspiration from the different types of vegetative cover result mainly from differences in soil moisture available to the plants. Available soil moisture ranges from about 1 inch for shallow-rooted grasses and row crops to about 3 inches for forest. Most of the precipitation not used by plants or to replenish soil moisture seeps to the water table, and ground-water recharge in the area averages about 12-14 inches per year. However, computed recharge ranged from about 3 inches to about 22 inches during the 1948-67 period, depending upon the amount and seasonal distribution of precipitation. Of the average 12-14 inches of recharge, about lo-13 inches are discharged to the streams draining the area, and about l-2 inches are used by phreatophytes or by irrigated crops. Annual streamflow in the area averages about 11-12 inches per year, and because it is sustained mainly by ground water, its seasonal distribution is fairly uniform, However, streamflow varies seasonally, being highest in the spring, low in the summer, higher
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr70362","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources and the Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey","usgsCitation":"Weeks, E., and Stangland, H., 1971, Effects of irrigation on streamflow in the Central Sand Plain of Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 70-362, Report: 113 p.; 4 Plates: 17 x 21 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr70362.","productDescription":"Report: 113 p.; 4 Plates: 17 x 21 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"116","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":2720,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wi.water.usgs.gov/pubs/OFR-sandplain/index.html ","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":59800,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0362/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59801,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0362/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59802,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0362/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59803,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0362/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59804,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0362/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160891,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0362/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Adams, Portage, Waushara, Wood","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.84619140625,\n 44.11914151643737\n ],\n [\n -89.84619140625,\n 44.78086028131498\n ],\n [\n -89.22821044921875,\n 44.78086028131498\n ],\n [\n -89.22821044921875,\n 44.11914151643737\n ],\n [\n -89.84619140625,\n 44.11914151643737\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db625104","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weeks, E.P.","contributorId":38514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weeks","given":"E.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stangland, H.G.","contributorId":28286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stangland","given":"H.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70010283,"text":"70010283 - 1971 - Determination of platinum and palladium in geological materials by neutron-activation analysis after fire-assay preconcentration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-13T16:32:02.127661","indexId":"70010283","displayToPublicDate":"2001-12-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3517,"text":"Talanta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of platinum and palladium in geological materials by neutron-activation analysis after fire-assay preconcentration","docAbstract":"Fire-asay preconcentration followed by neutron-activation analysis permits the determination of as little as 0.5 ppM of platinum and 0.5 ppM of palladium on a 20-g sample. Platinum and palladium are separated with carriers and beta-counted. Results for the platinum and palladium content of seven U.S.G.S. standard rocks are presented.
This report describes equipment used for recording hydrologic events photographically on a controlled time scale. Equipment used included a 16-mm (millimeter) motion-picture camera, batteries, and associated intervalometer hardware.
Variables that affected operation of the equipment, and which were used to turn the equipment on and off upon demand, were sunlight intensity, rainfall, and time. Winding of the camera and final shutdown were accomplished manually.
A 15-minute silent motion picture was made from the time-lapse film installed at Bolinas Lagoon. This film shows sand erosion and deposition on the Stinson Beach Spit during the period January 1968 to July 1969.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70199687","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Beck, J., 1971, Use of time-lapse photography equipment for hydrologic studies: Open-File Report, ii, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70199687.","productDescription":"ii, 10 p.","costCenters":[{"id":630,"text":"Water Resources Division Menlo Park California","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357703,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beck, J.R.","contributorId":46921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beck","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70039435,"text":"70039435 - 1971 - Aerial photographic reproductions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-10T01:01:51","indexId":"70039435","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-14T13:10:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Aerial photographic reproductions","docAbstract":"Geological Survey vertical aerial photography is obtained primarily for topographic and geologic mapping. Reproductions from this photography are usually satisfactory for general use. Because reproductions are not stocked, but are custom processed for each order, they cannot be returned for credit or refund.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/70039435","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1971, Aerial photographic reproductions, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70039435.","productDescription":"9 p.","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":372,"text":"Map Information Office","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":261572,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039435/report.pdf"},{"id":261573,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039435/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e719e4b0c8380cd47848","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1512,"text":"wsp1934 - 1971 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1961-65, Part 13. Snake River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-21T22:58:50.473824","indexId":"wsp1934","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1934","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1961-65, Part 13. Snake River basin","docAbstract":"This volume is one of a series of 37 reports presenting records of stage, discharge, and content, of\nstreams, lakes, and reservoirs in the United States during the 1961-65 water years. Since 1888, when the\nU.S. Geological Survey first studied streamflow in relation to problems of irrigation, similar records have\nbeen obtained at more than 17,500 gaging stations in the 50 States. On September 30, 1965, the Geological\nSurvey and cooperating organizations were maintaining 9,100 gaging stations. Partial-record stations for\nlow flow or for floodflow have been operated at many other points. The records for the 1961-65 water years\nat gaging stations and partial-record stations in the Snake River basin are given in this report.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/wsp1934","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the States of Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming, and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"U.S. Government Printing Office, 1971, Surface water supply of the United States, 1961-65, Part 13. Snake River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1934, Report: x, 776 p.; 1 Plate: 31 inches x 32.02 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1934.","productDescription":"Report: x, 776 p.; 1 Plate: 31 inches x 32.02 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110047,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25158.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"25158"},{"id":26572,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1934/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26573,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1934/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":136952,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1934/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Snake River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.717,\n 41.267\n ],\n [\n -110,\n 41.267\n ],\n [\n -110,\n 47.522\n ],\n [\n -118.717,\n 47.522\n ],\n [\n -118.717,\n 41.267\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af8e4b07f02db6941f6"} ,{"id":2179,"text":"wsp1532D - 1971 - Effects of Grazing on the Hydrology and Biology of the Badger Wash Basin in Western Colorado, 1953-66","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:24","indexId":"wsp1532D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1532","chapter":"D","title":"Effects of Grazing on the Hydrology and Biology of the Badger Wash Basin in Western Colorado, 1953-66","docAbstract":"An intensive study of the effect of grazing on the hydrologic and biotic characteristics of small drainage basins on the Colorado Plateau was begun in the fall of 1953. This report presents data obtained during the first 13 years of the proposed 20-year study. \r\n\r\nFor the period of record 1954-66, runoff from grazed watersheds has averaged about 33 acre-feet per square mile per year. Runoff from ungrazed watersheds averaged from 71 to 76 percent of that from grazed watersheds. During the last 6 years of the period, however, ungrazed watersheds produced 69 to 71 percent as much runoff as grazed watersheds. The sediment yield frown grazed watersheds during the same period was about 3 acre-feet per square mile per year. Sediment yield from ungrazed watersheds ranged from 51 to 75 percent of that from grazed watersheds and averaged 66 percent. The largest change in these relations occurred about 2 years after livestock were excluded from certain watersheds. The causative factors for changes in the runoff and sediment yield relations are not entirely clear. At the end of 13 years, a significant change had occurred in the amount of bare soil and rock. in the ground-cover index, and in the litter and moss on the grazed watersheds. These items remained essentially unchanged on ungrazed watersheds. The changes in ground-cover factors were not of large magnitude and did not occur at the same rate as the changes in runoff and sediment yield. A large part of the difference appears to have been caused by a change in the structure of surface soil. which was brought about by the elimination of trampling by livestock. \r\n\r\nDeer mice were the most common rodent present on the experimental watersheds, but even their population was not great enough to affect the composition of range vegetation. Deer mice populations remained comparable on grazed and ungrazed watersheds during the study. Other rodents were not present in sufficient numbers to allow their comparison on grazed and ungrazed range. Desert cottontail rabbits and black-tailed jackrabbits were more plentiful in ungrazed watersheds but were not present in large enough numbers to affect range vegetation.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1532D","usgsCitation":"Lusby, G.C., and Knipe, O., 1971, Effects of Grazing on the Hydrology and Biology of the Badger Wash Basin in Western Colorado, 1953-66: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1532, v, 90 p. :illus. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1532D.","productDescription":"v, 90 p. :illus. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":109968,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24708.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"24708"},{"id":138202,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1532d/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27799,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1532d/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27800,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1532d/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cfe4b07f02db5460de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lusby, Gregg C.","contributorId":68290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lusby","given":"Gregg","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knipe, O.D.","contributorId":90158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knipe","given":"O.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1680,"text":"wsp1798H - 1971 - Sediment transport by streams in the Chehalis River basin, Washington, October 1961 to September 1965","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:24","indexId":"wsp1798H","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1798","chapter":"H","title":"Sediment transport by streams in the Chehalis River basin, Washington, October 1961 to September 1965","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1798H","usgsCitation":"Glancy, P.A., 1971, Sediment transport by streams in the Chehalis River basin, Washington, October 1961 to September 1965: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1798, iv, 53 p. :illus., maps (2 fold., part col., in pocket) ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1798H.","productDescription":"iv, 53 p. :illus., maps (2 fold., part col., in pocket) ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110024,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24991.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"24991"},{"id":138333,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1798h/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26759,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1798h/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26760,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1798h/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26761,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1798h/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbf47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glancy, Patrick A.","contributorId":87113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glancy","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2851,"text":"wsp1999F - 1971 - Prospects for developing stock - Water supplies from wells in northeastern Garfield County, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-02T21:22:05.132364","indexId":"wsp1999F","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1999","chapter":"F","title":"Prospects for developing stock - Water supplies from wells in northeastern Garfield County, Montana","docAbstract":"Ground-water resources in northeastern Garfield County, Mont., afford a practical and reliable source of stock water on the intermingled public and private grazing lands that together comprise an area of about 1,200 square miles. The oldest formation exposed in the area is the relatively thick and impermeable Bearpaw Shale of Cretaceous .age. Overlying the Bearpaw Shale in succession are the Fox Hills Sandstone and Hell Creek Formation of Cretaceous age, the Fort Union Formation of Tertiary age, and thin glacial deposits .and alluvium of Quaternary age. All but the Bearpaw Shale and the glacial deposits are potential aquifers. Published geologic maps were found to be satisfactory after fitting contacts to the topographic base. Mapping, therefore, was limited mainly to outlining on aerial photographs the alluvial deposits in the stream valleys. \r\n\r\nThe major structural feature is the Blood Creek syncline, the axis of which plunges eastward 10-15 feet per mile across the southern part of the area. Beds generally dip 15-25 feet per mile toward the synclinal axis. Water in bedrock aquifers is under artesian pressure, .and most wells in Big and Little Dry Creek valleys flow at the land surface. \r\n\r\nThe only bedrock aquifer having appreciable areal extent is a sandstone 30-70 feet thick that has been mapped by previous investigators as the upper part of the Fox Hills Sandstone. This aquifer crops out in the northern and northwestern parts of the area and dips about 20 feet per mile southeastward beneath younger beds. Most wells in the northern half of the area obtain water from this sandstone at drilling depths of less than 200 feet. \r\n\r\nThe depth to the Fox Hills Sandstone increases progressively southward, and most wells south of Woody Creek obtain water from irregularly distributed sandstone beds and lenses in the overlying Hell Creek and Fort Union Formations. The depth at which water may be obtained from these beds is not accurately predictable, but the depth seldom exceeds 300 feet. \r\n\r\nThe results of the investigation indicate that the prospects for obtaining ample water for livestock from wells drilled into the bedrock formations are very favorable in most of the area. The average depth of bedrock wells in the area is 195 feet. \r\n\r\nUnderflow in the alluvial deposits along all the larger stream valleys also affords a practical source of stock water. \r\n\r\nChemical analyses of samples collected at 43 wells and three springs show the water quality to be generally poor. Water from bedrock aquifer contains 530-5,340 milligrams per liter total dissolved solids, whereas water from alluvium contains less than 1,500 milligrams per liter total dissolved solids. The predominant constituents are sodium, bicarbonate, and sulfate. So far as could be determined, all water supplies in the area are suitable for livestock.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1999F","usgsCitation":"Van Lewen, M.C., and King, N.J., 1971, Prospects for developing stock - Water supplies from wells in northeastern Garfield County, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1999, Report; iv, 38 p.; 1 Plate: 22.00 × 33.60 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1999F.","productDescription":"Report; iv, 38 p.; 1 Plate: 22.00 × 33.60 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":410017,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25490.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":29440,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1999f/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29439,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1999f/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":139068,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1999f/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","county":"Garfield County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.17,\n 47.941\n ],\n [\n -107.012,\n 47.941\n ],\n [\n -107.012,\n 47.151\n ],\n [\n -106.17,\n 47.151\n ],\n [\n -106.17,\n 47.941\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a92e4b07f02db657bdb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Lewen, M. C.","contributorId":33574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Lewen","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, Norman Julius","contributorId":57048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Norman","email":"","middleInitial":"Julius","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":198,"text":"wsp1993 - 1971 - Quality of surface waters of the United States, 1966, Parts 5 and 6, Hudson Bay and upper Mississippi River basins, and Missouri River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:10","indexId":"wsp1993","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1993","title":"Quality of surface waters of the United States, 1966, Parts 5 and 6, Hudson Bay and upper Mississippi River basins, and Missouri River basin","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1993","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1971, Quality of surface waters of the United States, 1966, Parts 5 and 6, Hudson Bay and upper Mississippi River basins, and Missouri River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1993, xiii, 666 p. :tables ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1993.","productDescription":"xiii, 666 p. :tables ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":136277,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1993/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":24809,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1993/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8be4b07f02db6519a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2571,"text":"wsp1999J - 1971 - The water quality of Sam Rayburn Reservoir, eastern Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-22T11:34:02","indexId":"wsp1999J","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1999","chapter":"J","title":"The water quality of Sam Rayburn Reservoir, eastern Texas","docAbstract":"Inflow of wastes to the Angelina River has caused some local deterioration of the quality of water downstream from Lufkin. However, the volume of flow in the Angelina River has been adequate to prevent serious deterioration of the quality of water in Sam Rayburn Reservoir.
\nFrom March 1965 to September 1968, the time-weighted concentration of dissolved solids in water released from Sam Rayburn Reservoir averaged about 120 mg/l (milligrams per liter). The average dissolved-solids content of water in the reservoir during 13 surveys ranged from about 100 to 145 mg/l.
\nThe dissolved-oxygen content of water in the reservoir varied seasonally and was intimately related 'to the pattern of thermal stratification. During 10 reservoir surveys, the depth-integrated concentration of dissolved oxygen at deep sites in the downstream half of the reservoir averaged more than 5 mg/l. The concentration of dissolved oxygen usually was much greater during periods of winter circulation than during periods of summer stagnation. About 2 river miles upstream from Sam Rayburn Dam, the depth-integrated dissolved-oxygen concentration ranged from 1.2 mg/l (16-percent saturation) on June 30, 1965., to 10.9 mg/1 (91-percent saturation) on February 4, 1966. During periods of summer stagnation, water below depths of 25-35 feet usually contained less than 2.5 mg/l dissolved oxygen and often contained less than 1.0 mg/l.
\nThe dissolved-oxygen content of water usually was less in the upstream half of the reservoir than in the downstream half. During 10 reservoir surveys, the depth-integrated concentration of dissolved oxygen about 41.5 miles upstream from Sam Rayburn Dam averaged 4.2 mg/l. Part of the dissolved-oxygen deficit (difference between saturated concentration and actual concentration) resulted from the inflow of wastes; however, data for tributary arms of the reservoir indicate that part of the dissolved-oxygen deficit resulted from the decomposition of naturally occurring organic debris in the water and in the area inundated by the reservoir.
\nConcentrations of iron and manganese in the water varied seasonally and were related to the dissolved-oxygen content of the water. The concentrations of iron and manganese throughout the reservoir were much smaller during periods of winter circulation than during periods of summer stagnation. During each of three reservoir surveys in February, the concentrations of iron and manganese near Sam Rayburn Dam were less than 0.40 and 0.25 mg/l, respectively. However, on October 6, 1965, the iron content of water ranged from less than 1 mg/l at depths less than 30 feet to as much at 14 mg/l at greater depths. Similarly, on September 9, 1966, the concentration of manganese near the dam ranged from less than 0.5 mg/l at depths less than 10 feet to as much as 6.9 mg/l at greater depths.
\nAlthough storage of water in Sam Rayburn Reservoir has resulted in a decrease in variations of dissolved solids and principal chemical constituents in the Angelina River downstream from the reservoir, it has resulted in significant seasonal variations in ,the concentrations of dissolved oxygen, iron, and manganese at downstream sites.
\nResults of periodic surveys indicate that dissolved-oxygen concentrations at three sites in the 19-mile reach of the Angelina River downstream from Sam Rayburn Dam were low in late summer and early fall after periods of summer stagnation in the reservoir. Moreover, the amount of reaeration that occurred in the reach was insignificant. During periods when the dissolved-oxygen deficiency was large, the concentrations of iron and manganese at each of the three sites increased greatly.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp1999J","usgsCitation":"Rawson, J., and Lansford, M.W., 1971, The water quality of Sam Rayburn Reservoir, eastern Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1999, iv, 67 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1999J.","productDescription":"iv, 67 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":28842,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1999j/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138592,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1999j/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b2ee4b07f02db6b3f33","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rawson, Jack","contributorId":18345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rawson","given":"Jack","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lansford, Myra W.","contributorId":70242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lansford","given":"Myra","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":2596,"text":"wsp2020 - 1971 - Subsurface waste disposal by means of wells - A selective annotated bibliography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T15:48:04","indexId":"wsp2020","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2020","title":"Subsurface waste disposal by means of wells - A selective annotated bibliography","docAbstract":"Subsurface waste disposal by means of wells is the practice of using drilled wells to inject unwanted substances into underground rock formations. The use of wells for this purpose is not a new idea. As long ago as the end of the last century, it was common practice to drill wells for the express purpose of draining swamps and small lakes to reclaim the land for agricultural purposes. A few decades later in the 1920's and 1930's many oil companies began using injection wells to dispose of oil-field brines and to repressurize oil reservoirs. During World War II, the Atomic Energy Commission began using injection wells to dispose of certain types of radioactive wastes. More recently, injection wells have been drilled to dispose of a variety of byproducts of industrial processes. The number of such wells has increased rapidly since Congress passed the Clean Streams Act of 1966, which restricted the discharge of waste into surface waters.
Many scientists and public officials question the propriety of using the term \"disposal\" when referring to the underground injection of wastes. Their reasons are that underground injection is not, as many advocates claim, \"a complete and final answer\" to the waste-disposal problem. Rather, it is merely a process wherein the injected wastes are committed to the subsurface with uncertainty as to their ultimate fate or limits of confinement. In effect, the wastes, undiminished and unchanged, are removed from the custody of man and placed in the custody of nature.
Although the concept of waste-injection wells is relatively simple, the effects of waste injection can be very complex, particularly when dealing with the exotic and complex components of some industrial wastes. Besides the physical forces of injection, there are many varied interactions between the injected wastes and the materials within the injection zone. Because these changes occur out of sight in the subsurface, they are difficult to assess and not generally understood. In addition, the various aspects of the problem involve a wide spectrum of science and engineering. Hence, articles published on the subject are widely dispersed in the technical and scientific literature.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp2020","usgsCitation":"Rima, D.R., Chase, E.B., and Myers, B.M., 1971, Subsurface waste disposal by means of wells - A selective annotated bibliography: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2020, v, 305 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2020.","productDescription":"v, 305 p.","numberOfPages":"309","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":137594,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2020/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28876,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2020/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-66.28243,18.51476],[-65.7713,18.42668],[-65.591,18.22803],[-65.84716,17.97591],[-66.59993,17.98182],[-67.18416,17.94655],[-67.24243,18.37446],[-67.10068,18.5206],[-66.28243,18.51476]]],[[[-155.54211,19.08348],[-155.68817,18.91619],[-155.93665,19.05939],[-155.90806,19.33888],[-156.07347,19.70294],[-156.02368,19.81422],[-155.85008,19.97729],[-155.91907,20.17395],[-155.86108,20.26721],[-155.78505,20.2487],[-155.40214,20.07975],[-155.22452,19.99302],[-155.06226,19.8591],[-154.80741,19.50871],[-154.83147,19.45328],[-155.22217,19.23972],[-155.54211,19.08348]]],[[[-156.07926,20.64397],[-156.41445,20.57241],[-156.58673,20.783],[-156.70167,20.8643],[-156.71055,20.92676],[-156.61258,21.01249],[-156.25711,20.91745],[-155.99566,20.76404],[-156.07926,20.64397]]],[[[-156.75824,21.17684],[-156.78933,21.06873],[-157.32521,21.09777],[-157.25027,21.21958],[-156.75824,21.17684]]],[[[-157.65283,21.32217],[-157.70703,21.26442],[-157.7786,21.27729],[-158.12667,21.31244],[-158.2538,21.53919],[-158.29265,21.57912],[-158.0252,21.71696],[-157.94161,21.65272],[-157.65283,21.32217]]],[[[-159.34512,21.982],[-159.46372,21.88299],[-159.80051,22.06533],[-159.74877,22.1382],[-159.5962,22.23618],[-159.36569,22.21494],[-159.34512,21.982]]],[[[-94.81758,49.38905],[-94.64,48.84],[-94.32914,48.67074],[-93.63087,48.60926],[-92.61,48.45],[-91.64,48.14],[-90.83,48.27],[-89.6,48.01],[-89.27292,48.01981],[-88.37811,48.30292],[-87.43979,47.94],[-86.46199,47.55334],[-85.65236,47.22022],[-84.87608,46.90008],[-84.77924,46.6371],[-84.54375,46.53868],[-84.6049,46.4396],[-84.3367,46.40877],[-84.14212,46.51223],[-84.09185,46.27542],[-83.89077,46.11693],[-83.61613,46.11693],[-83.46955,45.99469],[-83.59285,45.81689],[-82.55092,45.34752],[-82.33776,44.44],[-82.13764,43.57109],[-82.43,42.98],[-82.9,42.43],[-83.12,42.08],[-83.142,41.97568],[-83.02981,41.8328],[-82.69009,41.67511],[-82.43928,41.67511],[-81.27775,42.20903],[-80.24745,42.3662],[-78.93936,42.86361],[-78.92,42.965],[-79.01,43.27],[-79.17167,43.46634],[-78.72028,43.62509],[-77.73789,43.62906],[-76.82003,43.62878],[-76.5,44.01846],[-76.375,44.09631],[-75.31821,44.81645],[-74.867,45.00048],[-73.34783,45.00738],[-71.50506,45.0082],[-71.405,45.255],[-71.08482,45.30524],[-70.66,45.46],[-70.305,45.915],[-69.99997,46.69307],[-69.23722,47.44778],[-68.905,47.185],[-68.23444,47.35486],[-67.79046,47.06636],[-67.79134,45.70281],[-67.13741,45.13753],[-66.96466,44.8097],[-68.03252,44.3252],[-69.06,43.98],[-70.11617,43.68405],[-70.64548,43.09024],[-70.81489,42.8653],[-70.825,42.335],[-70.495,41.805],[-70.08,41.78],[-70.185,42.145],[-69.88497,41.92283],[-69.96503,41.63717],[-70.64,41.475],[-71.12039,41.49445],[-71.86,41.32],[-72.295,41.27],[-72.87643,41.22065],[-73.71,40.9311],[-72.24126,41.11948],[-71.945,40.93],[-73.345,40.63],[-73.982,40.628],[-73.95232,40.75075],[-74.25671,40.47351],[-73.96244,40.42763],[-74.17838,39.70926],[-74.90604,38.93954],[-74.98041,39.1964],[-75.20002,39.24845],[-75.52805,39.4985],[-75.32,38.96],[-75.07183,38.78203],[-75.05673,38.40412],[-75.37747,38.01551],[-75.94023,37.21689],[-76.03127,37.2566],[-75.72205,37.93705],[-76.23287,38.31921],[-76.35,39.15],[-76.54272,38.71762],[-76.32933,38.08326],[-76.99,38.23999],[-76.30162,37.91794],[-76.25874,36.9664],[-75.9718,36.89726],[-75.86804,36.55125],[-75.72749,35.55074],[-76.36318,34.80854],[-77.39763,34.51201],[-78.05496,33.92547],[-78.55435,33.86133],[-79.06067,33.49395],[-79.20357,33.15839],[-80.30132,32.50935],[-80.86498,32.0333],[-81.33629,31.44049],[-81.49042,30.72999],[-81.31371,30.03552],[-80.98,29.18],[-80.53558,28.47213],[-80.53,28.04],[-80.05654,26.88],[-80.08801,26.20576],[-80.13156,25.81677],[-80.38103,25.20616],[-80.68,25.08],[-81.17213,25.20126],[-81.33,25.64],[-81.71,25.87],[-82.24,26.73],[-82.70515,27.49504],[-82.85526,27.88624],[-82.65,28.55],[-82.93,29.1],[-83.70959,29.93656],[-84.1,30.09],[-85.10882,29.63615],[-85.28784,29.68612],[-85.7731,30.15261],[-86.4,30.4],[-87.53036,30.27433],[-88.41782,30.3849],[-89.18049,30.31598],[-89.59383,30.15999],[-89.41373,29.89419],[-89.43,29.48864],[-89.21767,29.29108],[-89.40823,29.15961],[-89.77928,29.30714],[-90.15463,29.11743],[-90.88022,29.14854],[-91.62678,29.677],[-92.49906,29.5523],[-93.22637,29.78375],[-93.84842,29.71363],[-94.69,29.48],[-95.60026,28.73863],[-96.59404,28.30748],[-97.14,27.83],[-97.37,27.38],[-97.38,26.69],[-97.33,26.21],[-97.14,25.87],[-97.53,25.84],[-98.24,26.06],[-99.02,26.37],[-99.3,26.84],[-99.52,27.54],[-100.11,28.11],[-100.45584,28.69612],[-100.9576,29.38071],[-101.6624,29.7793],[-102.48,29.76],[-103.11,28.97],[-103.94,29.27],[-104.45697,29.57196],[-104.70575,30.12173],[-105.03737,30.64402],[-105.63159,31.08383],[-106.1429,31.39995],[-106.50759,31.75452],[-108.24,31.75485],[-108.24194,31.34222],[-109.035,31.34194],[-111.02361,31.33472],[-113.30498,32.03914],[-114.815,32.52528],[-114.72139,32.72083],[-115.99135,32.61239],[-117.12776,32.53534],[-117.29594,33.04622],[-117.944,33.62124],[-118.4106,33.74091],[-118.51989,34.02778],[-119.081,34.078],[-119.43884,34.34848],[-120.36778,34.44711],[-120.62286,34.60855],[-120.74433,35.15686],[-121.71457,36.16153],[-122.54747,37.55176],[-122.51201,37.78339],[-122.95319,38.11371],[-123.7272,38.95166],[-123.86517,39.76699],[-124.39807,40.3132],[-124.17886,41.14202],[-124.2137,41.99964],[-124.53284,42.76599],[-124.14214,43.70838],[-124.02053,44.6159],[-123.89893,45.52341],[-124.07963,46.86475],[-124.39567,47.72017],[-124.68721,48.18443],[-124.5661,48.37971],[-123.12,48.04],[-122.58736,47.096],[-122.34,47.36],[-122.5,48.18],[-122.84,49],[-120,49],[-117.03121,49],[-116.04818,49],[-113,49],[-110.05,49],[-107.05,49],[-104.04826,48.99986],[-100.65,49],[-97.22872,49.0007],[-95.15907,49],[-95.15609,49.38425],[-94.81758,49.38905]]],[[[-153.00631,57.11584],[-154.00509,56.73468],[-154.5164,56.99275],[-154.67099,57.4612],[-153.76278,57.81657],[-153.22873,57.96897],[-152.56479,57.90143],[-152.14115,57.59106],[-153.00631,57.11584]]],[[[-165.57916,59.90999],[-166.19277,59.75444],[-166.84834,59.94141],[-167.45528,60.21307],[-166.46779,60.38417],[-165.67443,60.29361],[-165.57916,59.90999]]],[[[-171.73166,63.78252],[-171.11443,63.59219],[-170.49111,63.69498],[-169.68251,63.43112],[-168.68944,63.29751],[-168.77194,63.1886],[-169.52944,62.97693],[-170.29056,63.19444],[-170.67139,63.37582],[-171.55306,63.31779],[-171.79111,63.40585],[-171.73166,63.78252]]],[[[-155.06779,71.14778],[-154.34417,70.69641],[-153.90001,70.88999],[-152.21001,70.82999],[-152.27,70.60001],[-150.73999,70.43002],[-149.72,70.53001],[-147.61336,70.21403],[-145.68999,70.12001],[-144.92001,69.98999],[-143.58945,70.15251],[-142.07251,69.85194],[-140.98599,69.712],[-140.9925,66.00003],[-140.99777,60.3064],[-140.013,60.27684],[-139.039,60.00001],[-138.34089,59.56211],[-137.4525,58.905],[-136.47972,59.46389],[-135.47583,59.78778],[-134.945,59.27056],[-134.27111,58.86111],[-133.35555,58.41029],[-132.73042,57.69289],[-131.70781,56.55212],[-130.00778,55.91583],[-129.97999,55.285],[-130.53611,54.80275],[-131.08582,55.17891],[-131.96721,55.49778],[-132.25001,56.37],[-133.53918,57.17889],[-134.07806,58.12307],[-135.03821,58.18771],[-136.62806,58.21221],[-137.80001,58.5],[-139.86779,59.53776],[-140.82527,59.72752],[-142.57444,60.08445],[-143.95888,59.99918],[-145.92556,60.45861],[-147.11437,60.88466],[-148.22431,60.67299],[-148.01807,59.97833],[-148.57082,59.91417],[-149.72786,59.70566],[-150.60824,59.36821],[-151.71639,59.15582],[-151.85943,59.74498],[-151.40972,60.7258],[-150.34694,61.03359],[-150.62111,61.28442],[-151.89584,60.7272],[-152.57833,60.06166],[-154.01917,59.35028],[-153.28751,58.86473],[-154.23249,58.14637],[-155.30749,57.72779],[-156.30833,57.42277],[-156.5561,56.97998],[-158.11722,56.46361],[-158.43332,55.99415],[-159.60333,55.56669],[-160.28972,55.64358],[-161.22305,55.36473],[-162.23777,55.02419],[-163.06945,54.68974],[-164.78557,54.40417],[-164.94223,54.57222],[-163.84834,55.03943],[-162.87,55.34804],[-161.80417,55.89499],[-160.5636,56.00805],[-160.07056,56.41806],[-158.68444,57.01668],[-158.4611,57.21692],[-157.72277,57.57],[-157.55027,58.32833],[-157.04167,58.91888],[-158.19473,58.6158],[-158.51722,58.78778],[-159.05861,58.42419],[-159.71167,58.93139],[-159.98129,58.57255],[-160.35527,59.07112],[-161.355,58.67084],[-161.96889,58.67166],[-162.05499,59.26693],[-161.87417,59.63362],[-162.51806,59.98972],[-163.81834,59.79806],[-164.66222,60.26748],[-165.34639,60.5075],[-165.35083,61.0739],[-166.12138,61.50002],[-165.73445,62.075],[-164.91918,62.63308],[-164.56251,63.14638],[-163.75333,63.21945],[-163.06722,63.05946],[-162.26056,63.54194],[-161.53445,63.45582],[-160.77251,63.76611],[-160.95834,64.2228],[-161.51807,64.40279],[-160.77778,64.7886],[-161.39193,64.77724],[-162.45305,64.55944],[-162.75779,64.33861],[-163.54639,64.55916],[-164.96083,64.44695],[-166.42529,64.68667],[-166.845,65.0889],[-168.11056,65.67],[-166.70527,66.08832],[-164.47471,66.57666],[-163.65251,66.57666],[-163.7886,66.07721],[-161.67777,66.11612],[-162.48971,66.73557],[-163.71972,67.11639],[-164.43099,67.61634],[-165.39029,68.04277],[-166.76444,68.35888],[-166.20471,68.88303],[-164.43081,68.91554],[-163.16861,69.37111],[-162.93057,69.85806],[-161.9089,70.33333],[-160.9348,70.44769],[-159.03918,70.89164],[-158.11972,70.82472],[-156.58082,71.35776],[-155.06779,71.14778]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"United States\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db6999fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rima, Donald Robert","contributorId":99535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rima","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chase, Edith B.","contributorId":11192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chase","given":"Edith","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Myers, Beverly M.","contributorId":31733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myers","given":"Beverly","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1985,"text":"wsp1696G - 1971 - Determination of Radium-228 in Natural Waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:18","indexId":"wsp1696G","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1696","chapter":"G","title":"Determination of Radium-228 in Natural Waters","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1696G","usgsCitation":"Johnson, J.O., 1971, Determination of Radium-228 in Natural Waters: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1696, iii, 26 p. :illus. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1696G.","productDescription":"iii, 26 p. :illus. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137683,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1696g/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27369,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1696g/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667947","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Jesse O.","contributorId":78715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Jesse","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1040,"text":"wsp1999D - 1971 - Underground storage of imported water in the San Gorgonio Pass area, southern California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":55888,"text":"ofr6920 - 1969 - Underground storage of imported water in the San Gorgonio Pass area, California","indexId":"ofr6920","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"title":"Underground storage of imported water in the San Gorgonio Pass area, California"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1040,"text":"wsp1999D - 1971 - Underground storage of imported water in the San Gorgonio Pass area, southern California","indexId":"wsp1999D","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"chapter":"D","title":"Underground storage of imported water in the San Gorgonio Pass area, southern California"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:17","indexId":"wsp1999D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1999","chapter":"D","title":"Underground storage of imported water in the San Gorgonio Pass area, southern California","docAbstract":"The San Gorgonio Pass ground-water basin is divided into the Beaumont, Banning, Cabazon, San Timoteo, South Beaumont, Banning Bench, and Singleton storage units. The Beaumont storage unit, centrally located in the agency area, is the largest in volume of the storage units. \r\n\r\nEstimated long-term average annual precipitation in the San Gorgonio Pass Water Agency drainage area is 332,000 acre-feet, and estimated average annual recoverable water is 24,000 acre-feet, less than 10 percent of the total precipitation. Estimated average annual surface outflow is 1,700 acre-feet, and estimated average annual ground-water recharge is 22,000 acre-feet. Projecting tack to probable steady-state conditions, of the 22.000 acre-feet of recharge, 16,003 acre-feet per year became subsurface outflow into Coachella Valley, 6,000 acre-feet into the Redlands area, and 220 acre-feet into Potrero Canyon. \r\n\r\nAfter extensive development, estimated subsurface outflow from the area in 1967 was 6,000 acre-feet into the Redlands area, 220 acre-feet into Potrero Canyon, and 800 acre-feet into the fault systems south of the Banning storage unit, unwatered during construction of a tunnel. Subsurface outflow into Coachella Valley in 1967 is probably less than 50 percent of the steady-state flow. An anticipated 17,000 .acre-feet of water per year will be imported by 1980. Information developed in this study indicates it is technically feasible to store imported water in the eastern part of the Beaumont storage unit without causing waterlogging in the storage area and without losing any significant quantity of stored water.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1999D","usgsCitation":"Bloyd, R.M., 1971, Underground storage of imported water in the San Gorgonio Pass area, southern California: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1999, iv, 37 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1999D.","productDescription":"iv, 37 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137996,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1999d/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25684,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1999d/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25685,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1999d/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25686,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1999d/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e479fe4b07f02db49307c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bloyd, Richard M.","contributorId":55802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bloyd","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1673,"text":"wsp1899H - 1971 - Geohydrology of Hualapai and Sacramento Valleys, Mohave County, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:23","indexId":"wsp1899H","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1899","chapter":"H","title":"Geohydrology of Hualapai and Sacramento Valleys, Mohave County, Arizona","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1899H","usgsCitation":"Gillespie, J., and Bentley, C., 1971, Geohydrology of Hualapai and Sacramento Valleys, Mohave County, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1899, iv, 37 p. :ill. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1899H.","productDescription":"iv, 37 p. :ill. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110038,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25122.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"25122"},{"id":138234,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1899h/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26746,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1899h/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26747,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1899h/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26748,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1899h/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8aff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gillespie, J.B.","contributorId":74358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gillespie","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bentley, C.B.","contributorId":28223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bentley","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":729,"text":"wsp1907 - 1971 - Surface water supply of the United States 1961-65: Part 3. Ohio River basin volume 1. Ohio River basin above Kanawha River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-08T13:30:40.805057","indexId":"wsp1907","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1907","title":"Surface water supply of the United States 1961-65: Part 3. Ohio River basin volume 1. Ohio River basin above Kanawha River","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1907","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1971, Surface water supply of the United States 1961-65: Part 3. Ohio River basin volume 1. Ohio River basin above Kanawha River: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1907, Report: ix, 621 p.; 1 Plate: 18.50 × 24.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1907.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 621 p.; 1 Plate: 18.50 × 24.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":390330,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25132.htm"},{"id":25294,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1907/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25293,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1907/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":136316,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1907/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio, Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Ohio River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.794,\n 38.460\n ],\n [\n -78,\n 38.460\n ],\n [\n -78,\n 42.4320\n ],\n [\n -82.794,\n 42.4320\n ],\n [\n -82.794,\n 38.460\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af8e4b07f02db6941d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2587,"text":"wsp1900 - 1971 - Bibliography of tritium studies related to hydrology through 1966","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:20","indexId":"wsp1900","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1900","title":"Bibliography of tritium studies related to hydrology through 1966","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.; [for sale by the Supt. of Docs.],","doi":"10.3133/wsp1900","usgsCitation":"Rhodehamel, E.C., Kron, V.B., and Dougherty, V.M., 1971, Bibliography of tritium studies related to hydrology through 1966: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1900, 174 p. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1900.","productDescription":"174 p. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137844,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1900/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28863,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1900/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627d4c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rhodehamel, Edward C.","contributorId":38135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rhodehamel","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kron, Veronica B.","contributorId":17970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kron","given":"Veronica","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dougherty, Verda M.","contributorId":63786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dougherty","given":"Verda","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":732,"text":"wsp1914 - 1971 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1961-65: Part 5. Hudson Bay and upper Mississippi River basins: Volume 2. Upper Mississippi River basin above Keokuk, Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-02T20:51:44.899797","indexId":"wsp1914","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1914","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1961-65: Part 5. Hudson Bay and upper Mississippi River basins: Volume 2. Upper Mississippi River basin above Keokuk, Iowa","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1914","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1971, Surface water supply of the United States, 1961-65: Part 5. Hudson Bay and upper Mississippi River basins: Volume 2. Upper Mississippi River basin above Keokuk, Iowa: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1914, Report: ix, 750 p.; 1 Plate: 19.50 × 23.50 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1914.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 750 p.; 1 Plate: 19.50 × 23.50 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":409086,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25138.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":25299,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1914/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25300,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1914/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":136319,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1914/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Upper Mississippi River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.794,\n 47.617\n ],\n [\n -97,\n 47.617\n ],\n [\n -97,\n 40.399\n ],\n [\n -88.794,\n 40.399\n ],\n [\n -88.794,\n 47.617\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af6e4b07f02db692b0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}