No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/lob.10411","usgsCitation":"Meyer, M.F., and Zwart, J.A., 2020, Virtual summit: Incorporating data science and open science in aquatic research: Limnology and Oceanography Bulletin, v. 29, no. 4, p. 144-146, https://doi.org/10.1002/lob.10411.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"144","endPage":"146","ipdsId":"IP-122703","costCenters":[{"id":37316,"text":"WMA - Integrated Information Dissemination Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454829,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lob.10411","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":420063,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-11-13","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meyer, Michael F. 0000-0002-8034-9434","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8034-9434","contributorId":244065,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meyer","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":37380,"text":"Washington State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":880911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zwart, Jacob Aaron 0000-0002-3870-405X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3870-405X","contributorId":237809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zwart","given":"Jacob","email":"","middleInitial":"Aaron","affiliations":[{"id":37316,"text":"WMA - Integrated Information Dissemination Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":880912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70216418,"text":"70216418 - 2020 - Improving the ability to include freshwater wetland plants in process-based models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-18T00:14:07.890099","indexId":"70216418","displayToPublicDate":"2020-11-12T11:27:18","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2456,"text":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Improving the ability to include freshwater wetland plants in process-based models","docAbstract":"Considerable effort and resources have been placed into conservation programs designed to reduce or alleviate negative environmental effects of crop production and into evaluation of the benefits of these programs. Wetlands are an important source of ecosystem services, but modeling wetland plants is an emerging science. To date, wetland plant growth has not been explicitly accounted for in ecosystem service models that quantify conservation program effects. As part of an effort to more accurately simulate wetland plants within process-based models, we expanded upon plant growth data collected in an earlier effort with additional sampling at two of four previously sampled areas, and included a fifth sampling site. We then used data from the five sites spanning five years as wetland plant parameters at both the species and functional group levels for the Agricultural Land Management Alternative with Numerical Assessment Criteria (ALMANAC) model. In addition to individual species, modelers are interested in functional groups representing a collection of species because it is unrealistic to model every species occurring in an ecosystem. ALMANAC simulations were completed at three sites for both individual wetland plant species and functional groups. At each site, simulated plant yields were within 1 Mg ha–1 (±7%) of measured values (r2 = 0.99). Multisite species simulated yields were within 37% of measured values (r2 = 0.95). Functional groups performed as well as individual species simulations. Functional group simulated yields were within 1 Mg ha–1 (±5%) of measured yields. Plant growth is a major component of these wetland ecosystems, and ALMANAC verified wetland plant parameters support more accurate assessments of conservation programs and practices on the influence of wetland ecosystems embedded within agricultural fields. The improved plant parameters we provide here will be transferred to other process-based models that focus on other ecosystem components such as soil and water effects, facilitating wetland evaluations across the United States and elsewhere.
The relationship between people and wildfire has always been paradoxical: fire is an essential ecological process and management tool, but can also be detrimental to life and property. Consequently, fire regimes have been modified throughout history through both intentional burning to promote benefits and active suppression to reduce risks. Reintroducing fire and its benefits back into the Sky Island mountains of the United States-Mexico borderlands has the potential to reduce adverse effects of altered fire regimes and build resilient ecosystems and human communities. To help guide regional fire restoration, we describe the frequency and severity of recent fires over a 32-year period (1985-2017) across a vast binational region in the United States-Mexico borderlands and assess variation in fire frequency and severity across climate gradients and in relation to vegetation and land tenure classes. We synthesize relevant literature on historical fire regimes within 9 major vegetation types and assess how observed contemporary fire characteristics vary from expectations based on historical patterns. Less than 28% of the study area burned during the observation period, excluding vegetation types in warmer climates that are not adapted to fire (eg, Desertscrub and Thornscrub). Average severity of recent fires was low despite some extreme outliers in cooler, wetter environments. Midway along regional temperature and precipitation gradients, approximately 64% of Pine-Oak Forests burned at least once, with fire frequencies that mainly corresponded to historical expectations on private lands in Mexico but less so on communal lands, suggesting the influence of land management. Fire frequency was higher than historical expectations in extremely cool and wet environments that support forest types such as Spruce-Fir, indicating threats to these systems possibly attributable to drought and other factors. In contrast, fires were absent or infrequent across large areas of Woodlands (~73% unburned) and Grasslands (~88% unburned) due possibly to overgrazing, which reduces abundance and continuity of fine fuels needed to carry fire. Our findings provide a new depiction of fire regimes in the Sky Islands that can help inform fire management, restoration, and regional conservation planning, fostered by local and traditional knowledge and collaboration among landowners and managers.
","language":"English","publisher":"Sage Journals","doi":"10.1177/1178622120969191","usgsCitation":"Villarreal, M.L., Iniguez, J.M., Flesch, A.D., Sanderlin, J.S., Cortes Montano, C., Conrad, C.R., and Haire, S.L., 2020, Contemporary fire regimes provide a critical perspective on restoration needs in the Mexico-United States borderlands: Air, Soil and Water Research, v. 13, p. 1-18, https://doi.org/10.1177/1178622120969191.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"18","ipdsId":"IP-117669","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454834,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1178622120969191","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436720,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P99S0I9W","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) data of wildfires in the Sky Island Mountains of the southwestern US and northern Mexico from 2011-2017"},{"id":380988,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico, United States","state":"Arizona, Sonora","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.796875,\n 29.036960648558267\n ],\n [\n -108.984375,\n 29.036960648558267\n ],\n [\n -108.984375,\n 33.54139466898275\n ],\n [\n -111.796875,\n 33.54139466898275\n ],\n [\n -111.796875,\n 29.036960648558267\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-11-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Villarreal, Miguel L. 0000-0003-0720-1422 mvillarreal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0720-1422","contributorId":1424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Villarreal","given":"Miguel","email":"mvillarreal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":806073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Iniguez, Jose M. 0000-0002-4566-1297","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4566-1297","contributorId":213972,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Iniguez","given":"Jose","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":36400,"text":"US Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":806074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flesch, Aaron D. 0000-0003-3434-0778","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3434-0778","contributorId":245372,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Flesch","given":"Aaron","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":49169,"text":"School of Natural Resources and the Environment and The Desert Laboratory on Tumamoc Hill, University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":806075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sanderlin, Jamie S. 0000-0001-8651-9804","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8651-9804","contributorId":245373,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sanderlin","given":"Jamie","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":49171,"text":"US Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Flagstaff, Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":806076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cortes Montano, Citlali 0000-0002-1916-1985","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1916-1985","contributorId":213973,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cortes Montano","given":"Citlali","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38945,"text":"Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":806077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Conrad, Caroline Rose 0000-0002-0496-8081","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0496-8081","contributorId":236945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrad","given":"Caroline","email":"","middleInitial":"Rose","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":806078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Haire, Sandra L. 0000-0002-5356-7567","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5356-7567","contributorId":213971,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haire","given":"Sandra","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":32362,"text":"Haire Laboratory for Landscape Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":806079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70216182,"text":"sir20205101 - 2020 - Ungulate migrations of the western United States, Volume 1","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-25T15:42:29.878133","indexId":"sir20205101","displayToPublicDate":"2020-11-12T09:50:00","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2020-5101","displayTitle":"Ungulate Migrations of the Western United States, Volume 1","title":"Ungulate migrations of the western United States, Volume 1","docAbstract":"Across the western United States, many ungulate herds must migrate seasonally to access resources and avoid harsh winter conditions. Because these migration paths cover vast landscapes (in other words migration distances up to 150 miles [241 kilometers]), they are increasingly threatened by roads, fencing, subdivisions, and other development. Over the last decade, many new tracking studies have been conducted on migratory herds, and analytical methods have been developed that allow for population-level corridors and stopovers to be mapped and prioritized. In 2018, the U.S. Geological Survey assembled a Corridor Mapping Team to provide technical assistance to western states working to map bison, elk, moose, mule deer, and pronghorn migrations using existing Global Positioning System data. Led by the Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, the team consists of federal scientists, university researchers, and biologists and analysts from participating state agencies.
In its first year, the team has worked to develop standardized analytical and computational methods and a workflow applicable to datasets typically collected by state agencies. In 2019, the team completed analyses necessary to map corridors, stopovers, routes and winter ranges in Arizona, Idaho, Nevada, Utah, and Wyoming. A total of 26 corridors, 16 migration routes, 25 stopovers, and 9 winter ranges were mapped across these states and are included in this report. This report and associated data release provide the means for the habitats required for migration to be taken into account by state and federal transportation officials, land and wildlife managers, planners, and other conservationists working to maintain big-game migration in the western states.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20205101","issn":"2328-031X; 2328-0328","isbn":"978-1-4113-4379-5","usgsCitation":"Kauffman, M.J., Copeland, H.E., Berg, J., Bergen, S., Cole, E., Cuzzocreo, M., Dewey, S., Fattebert, J., Gagnon, Gelzer, E., Geremia, C., Graves, T., Hersey, K., Hurley, M., Kaiser, J., Meacham, J., Merkle, J., Middleton, A., Nuñez, T., Oates, B., Olson, D., Olson, L., Sawyer, H., Schroeder, C., Sprague, S., Steingisser, A., Thonhoff, M., 2020, Ungulate migrations of the western United States, Volume 1 (ver. 1.1, December 2023): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2020–5101, 119 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20205101.","productDescription":"Report: xiv, 119 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"N","costCenters":[{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":482390,"rank":7,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20245006","text":"Ungulate Migrations of the Western United States, Volume 4"},{"id":423443,"rank":4,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5101/versionHist.txt","size":"1.0 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"SIR 2020-5101 version history"},{"id":380307,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5101/sir20205101.pdf","text":"Report","size":"34.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2020-5101"},{"id":482391,"rank":8,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20245111","text":"Ungulate Migrations of the Western United States, Volume 5"},{"id":482389,"rank":6,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20225088","text":"Ungulate Migrations of the Western United States, Volume 3"},{"id":482388,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20225008","text":"Ungulate Migrations of the Western United States, Volume 2"},{"id":380308,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9O2YM6I","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Ungulate Migrations of the Western United States, Volume 1"},{"id":380306,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5101/coverthb2.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, Mexico, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -126.03515625,\n 22.51255695405145\n ],\n [\n -95.361328125,\n 22.51255695405145\n ],\n [\n -95.361328125,\n 53.225768435790194\n ],\n [\n -126.03515625,\n 53.225768435790194\n ],\n [\n -126.03515625,\n 22.51255695405145\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Verion 1.1: December 203; Version 1.0: November 2020","contact":"Associate Director, Ecosystems Mission Area
U.S. Geological Survey
Mail Stop 300, 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
Groundwater is a critical resource in the Grand Canyon region, supplying nearly all water needs for residents and millions of visitors. Additionally, groundwater discharging at hundreds of spring locations in and near Grand Canyon supports important ecosystems in this mostly arid environment. The security of groundwater supplies is of critical importance for both people and ecosystems in the region and the potential for changes to groundwater systems from projected climate change is a cause for concern. In this study, we analyze recent historical and projected precipitation and temperature data for the Grand Canyon region. Projected climate scenarios are then used in Soil Water Balance groundwater infiltration simulations to understand the state-of-the-science on projected changes to groundwater resources in the area. Historical climate data from 1896 through 2019 indicate multi-decadal cyclical patterns in both precipitation and temperature for most of the time period. Since the 1970s, however, a significant rising trend in temperature is observed in the area. All 10-year periods since 1993 are characterized by both below average precipitation and above average temperature. Downscaled and bias-corrected precipitation and temperature output from 97 CMIP5 global climate models for the water-year 2020–2099 time period indicate projected precipitation patterns similar to recent historical (water-year 1951–2015) data. Projected temperature for the Grand Canyon area, however, is expected to rise by as much as 3.4 °C by the end of the century, relative to the recent historical average. Integrating the effects of projected precipitation and temperature changes on groundwater infiltration, simulation results indicate that > 76% of future decades will experience average potential groundwater infiltration less than that of the recent historical period.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/s41598-020-76743-6","usgsCitation":"Tillman, F.D., Gangopadhyay, S., and Pruitt, T., 2020, Recent and projected precipitation and temperature changes in the Grand Canyon area with implications for groundwater resources: Scientific Reports, v. 10, 19740, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-76743-6.","productDescription":"19740, 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-117188","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454837,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-76743-6","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":381030,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Colorado Plateau, Grand Canyon, Kaibab Plateau","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.97216796875,\n 35.60371874069731\n ],\n [\n -109.53369140625,\n 35.60371874069731\n ],\n [\n -109.53369140625,\n 38.35888785866677\n ],\n [\n -113.97216796875,\n 38.35888785866677\n ],\n [\n -113.97216796875,\n 35.60371874069731\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-11-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tillman, Fred D. 0000-0002-2922-402X ftillman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2922-402X","contributorId":147809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillman","given":"Fred","email":"ftillman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":806235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gangopadhyay, Subhrendu 0000-0003-3864-8251","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3864-8251","contributorId":173439,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gangopadhyay","given":"Subhrendu","affiliations":[{"id":7183,"text":"U.S. Bureau of Reclamation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":806236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pruitt, Tom 0000-0002-3543-1324","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3543-1324","contributorId":173440,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pruitt","given":"Tom","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27228,"text":"Reclamation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":806237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70248052,"text":"70248052 - 2020 - Using remote sensing products to predict recovery of vegetation across space and time following energy development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-16T15:37:39.154563","indexId":"70248052","displayToPublicDate":"2020-11-12T09:16:58","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using remote sensing products to predict recovery of vegetation across space and time following energy development","docAbstract":"Using localized studies to understand how ecosystems recover can create uncertainty in recovery predictions across landscapes. Large archives of remote sensing data offer opportunities for quantifying the spatial and temporal factors influencing recovery at broad scales and predicting recovery. For example, energy production is a widespread and expanding land use among many semi-arid ecosystems of the Western United States dominated by sagebrush (Artemisia spp.), a keystone species providing a variety of ecological services. With remotely-sensed (Landsat) estimates of vegetation cover collected every 2–5 years from southwestern Wyoming, USA, over nearly three decades (1985–2015), we modeled changes in sagebrush cover on 375 former oil and gas well pads in response to weather and site-level conditions. We then used modeled relationships to predict recovery time across the landscape as an indicator of resilience for vegetation after well pad disturbances, where faster recovery indicates a greater capacity to recover when similarly disturbed. We found the rate of change in sagebrush cover generally increased with moisture and temperature, particularly at higher elevations. Rate of change in sagebrush cover also increased and decreased with greater percent sand and larger well pads, respectively. We predicted 21% of the landscape would recover to pre-disturbance conditions within 60 years, whereas other areas may require >100 years for recovery. These predictions and maps could inform future restoration efforts as they reflect resilience. This approach also is applicable to other disturbance types (e.g., fires and vegetation removal treatments) across landscapes, which can further improve conservation efforts by characterizing past conditions and monitoring trends in subsequent years.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.105872","usgsCitation":"Monroe, A., Aldridge, C.L., O’Donnell, M.S., Manier, D., Homer, C., and Anderson, P.J., 2020, Using remote sensing products to predict recovery of vegetation across space and time following energy development: Ecological Indicators, v. 110, 105872, 15 p.; 2 Data Releases, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.105872.","productDescription":"105872, 15 p.; 2 Data Releases","ipdsId":"IP-101503","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454840,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.105872","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436724,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9XV8GH7","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Predicted (1989-2015) and forecasted (2015-2114) estimates for rate of change and recovery of sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) following energy development in southwestern Wyoming, USA (ver. 2.0, January 2021)"},{"id":436723,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9XV8GH7","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Predicted (1989-2015) and forecasted (2015-2114) estimates for rate of change and recovery of sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) following energy development in southwestern Wyoming, USA (ver. 2.0, January 2021)"},{"id":436722,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9DQ5INM","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Predicted (1989-2015) and forecasted (2015-2114) estimates for rate of change and recovery of sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) following energy development in southwestern Wyoming, USA"},{"id":436721,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9DQ5INM","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Predicted (1989-2015) and forecasted (2015-2114) estimates for rate of change and recovery of sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) following energy development in southwestern Wyoming, USA"},{"id":420410,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.03921100550399,\n 42.92284600849075\n ],\n [\n -111.03921100550399,\n 41.03307775348375\n ],\n [\n -106.02701021455793,\n 41.03307775348375\n ],\n [\n -106.02701021455793,\n 42.92284600849075\n ],\n [\n -111.03921100550399,\n 42.92284600849075\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n 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","language":"English","publisher":"Geologic Society of America","usgsCitation":"Betancourt, J.L., Gray, J.R., Hupp, C.R., Emmett, W.W., and Toy, T., 2020, Memorial to Waite Osterkamp 1939-2020: GSA Memorial, v. 49, p. 29-33.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"33","ipdsId":"IP-118401","costCenters":[{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":422524,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":422511,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://rock.geosociety.org/net/documents/gsa/memorials/v49/Osterkamp-WR.pdf"}],"volume":"49","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Betancourt, Julio L. 0000-0002-7165-0743 jlbetanc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-0743","contributorId":3376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"Julio","email":"jlbetanc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":887975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gray, John R. 0000-0002-8817-3701 jrgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8817-3701","contributorId":1158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"John","email":"jrgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":887988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hupp, Cliff R. 0000-0003-1853-9197 crhupp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1853-9197","contributorId":2344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hupp","given":"Cliff","email":"crhupp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":887989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Emmett, Wijlliam W.","contributorId":331527,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Emmett","given":"Wijlliam","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":36206,"text":"Retired","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":887978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Toy, Terry","contributorId":331528,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Toy","given":"Terry","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12651,"text":"University of Denver","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":887979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70216416,"text":"70216416 - 2020 - Leave no trace communication: Effectiveness based on assessments of resource conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-17T23:42:48.50792","indexId":"70216416","displayToPublicDate":"2020-11-11T17:35:21","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7356,"text":"Journal of Interpretation Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Leave no trace communication: Effectiveness based on assessments of resource conditions","docAbstract":"The efficacy of different Leave No Trace (LNT) communication interventions designed to persuade forest visitors to practice low-impact camping behaviors were evaluated. Three depreciative campsite behaviors—littering, tree damage, and surface disposal of human waste—were evaluated by before-and-after resource condition assessments. Three LNT communication interventions were evaluated against a control: (1) an LNT brochure and poster display (non-personal), (2) personal LNT communication by a forest naturalist, and (3) a combination of both non-personal and personal methods. The study population was overnight campers using dispersed road-accessed campsites in Western Maryland’s Green Ridge State Forest. LNT communication successfully improved resource conditions for the targeted depreciative behaviors. For litter and human waste, personal communication by a forest naturalist was effective, but the non-personal method was ineffective. In contrast, tree damage was significantly reduced by both non-personal and personal communication methods. Combining personal and non-personal communication efforts did not result in an increased benefit. The core implication of this study is that several camping resource impacts can be measurably reduced when uniformed staff personally communicate the desired low impact practices.
| Kaua‘i's native forest birds have experienced steep declines since the beginning of systematic surveys in 1981, and declines have accelerated in recent decades. This report details the analysis of the most recent surveys conducted in 2018. Incorporating the new survey results, long-term trends continue to show sharp declines for all native honeycreeper species with the exception of ‘apapane (Himatione sanguinea), which has stable numbers in core areas of its range. Kaua‘i ‘elepaio (Chasiempis sclateri) continued to decline in the outer portions of its range but increased in the core areas of its range. Abundance estimates of forest birds ranged from slightly higher to slightly lower in most species, indicating a relatively stable period from 2012–2018, and a pause from the rapid declines seen in earlier periods. Many native species now exist in very low numbers, and variation in estimates from survey to survey will increase. |
This report is an instructional reference document that describes methods developed and used by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) New Jersey Water Science Center (NJWSC) to assure the quality and completeness of water-use data as provided by the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) Bureau of Water Allocation. These data are owned wholly by the State of New Jersey. The role of the USGS NJWSC is to assure the quality of these data by compiling, reviewing, and checking the datasets before uploading them into the New Jersey Water Transfer Data System (NJWaTr) database on an annual basis. The complete uploaded version of the NJWaTr database serves as the repository for New Jersey’s approved and published water-use data. The State of New Jersey maintains a public-facing version of the NJWaTr database (available online at https://www.nj.gov/dep/njgs/geodata/dgs10-3.htm) that contains monthly water-use data at the municipality and 14-digit Hydrologic Unit Code subwatershed level. The protected version of the NJWaTr database that contains monthly site-specific water-use data is available from the NJDEP upon request.
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Jersey\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","contact":"Director, New Jersey Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3450 Princeton Pike, Suite 110
Lawrenceville, NJ 08648
Understanding recent historical and projected trends in precipitation and temperature in the Colorado River Basin, and estimating what the projected changes in these climate parameters may mean for groundwater resources in the region, is important for water managers and policymakers to sustainably manage water resources in the basin. Historical (1896–2019) precipitation and temperature data for the upper and lower Colorado River Basins were analyzed to better understand recent trends in climate data that may affect groundwater resources in the area. Historical data indicate multidecadal-scale cyclical patterns in precipitation in both the upper and lower basins. Although upper basin precipitation had no statistical trend over the recent historical period, the lower basin had a weak negative trend over this period. Multidecadal-scale cyclical patterns in temperature also are observed in historical climate data in both the upper and lower basins, at least until the early 1970s. Beginning at that time, both the upper and lower basins experienced strong, monotonic positive trends in temperature. Basic principles of hydrology indicate that periods of decreasing precipitation as well as increasing temperature would have a negative effect, that is, reduction in groundwater infiltration and hence, reduced recharge of aquifer systems.
Projected climate data from 97 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) ensemble members across the full range of Representative Concentration Pathway (RCPs) from water years 1951 through 2099 were evaluated to understand what current global climate models are projecting about future conditions in the Colorado River Basin, and what this might mean for groundwater systems in the region. Precipitation in the upper basin is projected to increase throughout the rest of the century, rising to 6 percent above the 1951–2015 historical period by mid-century and to 9 percent above the historical period by the end of the century. Temperature in the upper basin also is projected to be above the recent historical median throughout the rest of the century, with steady warming in decadal average temperatures expected until the last quarter of this century. In contrast to projected precipitation in the upper basin, precipitation in the lower basin is projected to be the same as, or slightly less than, the historical period throughout most of the rest of this century. Like projected temperature in the upper basin, temperature in the lower basin also is projected to be above the recent historical median throughout the rest of the century. Comparing median projections for all future decades with median results from all historical decades, future precipitation is expected to be greater than that of the past in the upper basin, though no significant difference is projected for precipitation in the lower basin. Significant increases (p-value<0.05) are expected in temperature in both the upper and lower basins.
To estimate the effects of projected precipitation and temperature on groundwater systems in the region, results from the 97 member CMIP5 climate projection ensemble were used as input in a Soil-Water Balance (SWB) groundwater infiltration model for the Colorado River Basin. SWB simulation results indicate that the upper Colorado River Basin is expected to experience decades of above-historical-average groundwater infiltration through the end of the century. For the lower Colorado River Basin, simulated groundwater infiltration is projected to be consistently less than the recent (1951–2015) historical period for most of the remaining century. A comparison of the distribution of all median simulated groundwater infiltration results between recent historical and future periods indicates projected groundwater infiltration in the upper basin is significantly (p-value<0.05) greater over the combined 2020–2099 future period than the recent (1951–2015) historical period. Moreover, in 41 of 71 (58 percent) possible future decades in this century, groundwater infiltration is projected to be greater than the 75th percentile of historical simulated groundwater infiltration. Projected groundwater infiltration in the lower Colorado River Basin across all future decades is significantly less than in the historical period. Of the 71 future decades in the century, projected groundwater infiltration in the lower basin is expected to be less than the 25th percentile of historical infiltration in 55 (77 percent) of the 10-year periods. Important differences in projected precipitation between the upper (increasing precipitation) and lower (decreasing precipitation) basins largely drive the different responses of simulated groundwater infiltration in the upper (increasing infiltration) and lower (decreasing infiltration) basins. It will be useful to revisit projections in groundwater infiltration in the Colorado River Basin when more up-to-date projections of precipitation become available from the next Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phases or by using climate input developments through Regional Climate Modeling efforts and stochastic weather generators.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20205107","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Tillman, F.D., Gangopadhyay, S., and Pruitt, T., 2020, Trends in recent historical and projected climate data for the Colorado River Basin and potential effects on groundwater availability: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2020–5107, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20205107.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 24 p.; 2 Data Releases","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-117191","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":380358,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5107/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":380361,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7ST7MX7","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Soil-water balance groundwater recharge model results for the Upper Colorado River Basin (ver. 2.0, April 2017)"},{"id":380359,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5107/sir20205107.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2020-5107"},{"id":380360,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9VLU0O6","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Soil-water balance groundwater infiltration model results for the Lower Colorado River Basin"}],"country":"Mexico, United States","state":"Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.5,\n 30.088107753367257\n ],\n [\n -108.984375,\n 30.221101852485987\n ],\n [\n -108.21533203125,\n 31.39115752282472\n ],\n [\n -107.16064453125,\n 35.08395557927643\n ],\n [\n -105.35888671875,\n 36.12012758978146\n ],\n [\n -104.6337890625,\n 36.40359962073253\n ],\n [\n -104.96337890625,\n 37.735969208590504\n ],\n [\n -105.3369140625,\n 38.58252615935333\n ],\n [\n -104.83154296875,\n 39.027718840211605\n ],\n [\n -104.87548828125,\n 41.19518982948959\n ],\n [\n -105.05126953124999,\n 41.934976500546604\n ],\n [\n -106.3916015625,\n 43.16512263158296\n ],\n [\n -110.91796875,\n 43.100982876188546\n ],\n [\n -111.09374999999999,\n 40.64730356252251\n ],\n [\n -111.533203125,\n 39.07890809706475\n ],\n [\n -113.04931640625,\n 37.405073750176925\n ],\n [\n -114.14794921875,\n 37.10776507118514\n ],\n [\n -114.54345703125,\n 37.54457732085582\n ],\n [\n -115.46630859375,\n 38.839707613545144\n ],\n [\n -116.806640625,\n 38.805470223177466\n ],\n [\n -116.19140625,\n 37.3002752813443\n ],\n [\n -115.3564453125,\n 36.421282443649496\n ],\n [\n -116.1474609375,\n 35.55010533588552\n ],\n [\n -115.4443359375,\n 32.491230287947594\n ],\n [\n -114.93896484374999,\n 31.3348710339506\n ],\n [\n -114.2578125,\n 31.57853542647338\n ],\n [\n -113.291015625,\n 31.316101383495624\n ],\n [\n -113.04931640625,\n 30.732392734006083\n ],\n [\n -112.7197265625,\n 30.012030680358613\n ],\n [\n -112.47802734375,\n 30.012030680358613\n ],\n [\n -112.5,\n 30.088107753367257\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Arizona Water Science Center
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520 N. Park Avenue
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This report summarizes the primary characteristics of alkalic-type epithermal gold (Au) deposits and provides an updated descriptive model. These deposits, primarily of Mesozoic to Neogene age, are among the largest epithermal gold deposits in the world. Considered a subset of low-sulfidation epithermal deposits, they are spatially and genetically linked to small stocks or clusters of intrusions containing high alkali-element contents. Deposits occur as disseminations, breccia-fillings, and veins and may be spatially and genetically related to skarns and low-grade porphyry copper (Cu) or molybdenum (Mo) systems. Gold commonly occurs as native gold, precious metal tellurides, and as sub-micron gold in arsenian pyrite. Quartz, carbonate, fluorite, adularia, and vanadian muscovite/roscoelite are the most common gangue minerals. Alkalic-type gold deposits form in a variety of geological settings including continent-arc collision zones and back-arc or post-subduction rifts that are invariably characterized by a transition from convergent to extensional or transpressive tectonics.
The geochemical compositions of alkaline igneous rocks spatially linked with these deposits span the alkaline-subalkaline transition. Their alkali enrichment may be masked by potassic alteration, but the unaltered or least altered rocks (1) have chondrite normalized patterns that are commonly light rare earth element (LREE) enriched, (2) are heavy rare earth element (HREE) depleted, and (3) have high large ion lithophile contents and variable enrichment of high-field strength elements. Radiogenic isotopes suggest a mantle derivation for the alkalic magmas but allow crustal contamination.
Oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions show that the fluids responsible for deposit formation are dominantly magmatic, although meteoric or other external fluids (seawater, evolved groundwater) also contributed to the ore-forming fluids responsible for these deposits. Carbon and sulfur isotope compositions in vein-hosted carbonates and sulfide gangue minerals, respectively, coincide with magmatic values, although a sedimentary source of carbon and sulfur is evident in several deposits.
Deep-seated structures are critical for the upwelling of hydrous alkalic magmas and for focusing magmatic-hydrothermal fluids to the site of precious metal deposition. The source of gold, silver (Ag), tellurium (Te), vanadium (V), and fluorine (F) was probably the alkalic igneous rocks themselves, and the coexistence of native gold, gold tellurides, and roscoelite in several deposits is primarily a function of similar physicochemical conditions during deposition (for example, overlapping pH and oxygen fugacity (fO2).
Potential environmental impacts related to the mining and processing of alkalic-type epithermal gold deposits include acid mine drainage with high levels of metals, especially zinc (Zn), copper, lead (Pb), and arsenic. However, because alkalic-type gold deposits typically contain carbonates, which contribute calcium and magnesium ions that increase water hardness, aquatic life may be afforded some protection. Impacts vary widely as a function of host rocks, climate, topography, and mining methods.
Geologic mapping to (1) highlight the distribution of potassic alteration; (2) define fault density and orientation of structures; (3) determine the distribution of alkaline rocks and hydrothermal breccias; and (4) identify uniquely colored gangue minerals, such as fluorite and roscoelite, will be critical to exploration and future discoveries. Geophysical techniques that identify potassium (K) anomalies (for example, radiometric and spectroscopic surveys), as well as magnetic, resistivity, aeromagnetic, and gravity surveys, may help locate zones of high-permeability that control advecting hydrothermal fluids. Geochemical surveys that include analyses for Au, Ag, barium, Te, K, F, V, Mo, and mercury, which are key elements in these deposits, should be undertaken along with the measurement of other pathfinder elements such as arsenic, bismuth, Cu, iron, nickel, Pb, antimony, selenium, and Zn.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20105070R","issn":"2328-0328","usgsCitation":"Kelley, K.D., Spry, P.G., McLemore, V.T., Fey, D.L., and Anderson, E.D., 2020, Alkalic-type epithermal gold deposit model: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010–5070–R, 74 p., https://doi.org/ 10.3133/ sir20105070R.","productDescription":"x, 74 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":380198,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5070/r/sir20105070r.pdf","text":"Report","size":"11.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2010–5070–R"},{"id":380197,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5070/r/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS–973
Denver, CO 80225
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), a bureau within the U.S. Department of the Interior, has valued and used a scientific peer review and approval process since its creation in 1879. Bureau approval, formerly called Director’s approval, has been described in several USGS documents since 1900, and peer review has been codified in policy since 1959. Peer review of USGS manuscripts is intended to ensure the accuracy of data, the scientific validity of interpretations, and the consideration of alternative interpretations. This rigorous quality assurance process is considered deliberative because of the iterative exchange of ideas and opinions among the involved parties.
Peer review practices differed between USGS organizational units until implementation of USGS Fundamental Science Practices (FSP) in 2006, which formalized Bureau-wide science practices, including peer review and approval, for all Bureau scientific information products released to the public or other Federal agencies. FSP policies also address review and approval requirements pertaining to the release of USGS-funded data and software and endorse quality-control standards for USGS laboratories. Bureau approval signifies the scientific excellence of information products, validates and ensures that all necessary reviews have been conducted, and confirms that information products meet USGS science quality standards and have the full backing of the Bureau. The extent, scope, and history of the peer review and approval process within the USGS are documented herein, so future USGS scientists and the public understand how consistent approaches in developing, reviewing, and publishing USGS scientific information have been and continue to be essential in maintaining the reputation of the Bureau for reliable and impartial Earth science research and data collection.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20203050","usgsCitation":"Kirk, K.G., Reid, C.L., Cooper, S.C., 2020, History of U.S. Geological Survey scientific peer review and approval, 1879–2019: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2020–3050, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20203050","productDescription":"4 p.","ipdsId":"IP-110012","costCenters":[{"id":5066,"text":"Office of the Director USGS","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":380355,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2020/3050/fs20203050.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2020-3050"},{"id":380354,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2020/3050/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Contacts, Office of Scientific Quality and Integrity
This study evaluated the spatial variability of trends in simulated snowpack properties across the Rio Grande headwaters of Colorado using the SnowModel snow evolution modeling system. SnowModel simulations were performed using a grid resolution of 100 m and 3-hourly time step over a 34-yr period (1984–2017). Atmospheric forcing was provided by phase 2 of the North American Land Data Assimilation System, and the simulations accounted for temporal changes in forest canopy from bark beetle and wildfire disturbances. Annual summary values of simulated snowpack properties [snow metrics; e.g., peak snow water equivalent (SWE), snowmelt rate and timing, and snow sublimation] were used to compute trends across the domain. Trends in simulated snow metrics varied depending on elevation, aspect, and land cover. Statistically significant trends did not occur evenly within the basin, and some areas were more sensitive than others. In addition, there were distinct trend differences between the different snow metrics. Upward trends in mean winter air temperature were 0.3°C decade−1, and downward trends in winter precipitation were −52 mm decade−1. Middle elevation zones, coincident with the greatest volumetric snow water storage, exhibited the greatest sensitivity to changes in peak SWE and snowmelt rate. Across the Rio Grande headwaters, snowmelt rates decreased by 20% decade−1, peak SWE decreased by 14% decade−1, and total snowmelt quantity decreased by 13% decade−1. These snow trends are in general agreement with widespread snow declines that have been reported for this region. This study further quantifies these snow declines and provides trend information for additional snow variables across a greater spatial coverage at finer spatial resolution.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/JHM-D-20-0077.1","usgsCitation":"Sexstone, G., Penn, C.A., Liston, G., Gleason, K., Moeser, C.D., and Clow, D.W., 2020, Spatial variability in seasonal snowpack trends across the Rio Grande headwaters (1984 - 2017): Journal of Hydrometeorology, v. 21, no. 11, p. 2713-2733, https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-20-0077.1.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"2713","endPage":"2733","ipdsId":"IP-114071","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454846,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-20-0077.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436725,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9Q8PYX1","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"SnowModel simulations and supporting observations for the Rio Grande Headwaters, southwestern Colorado, United States, 1984 - 2017"},{"id":380501,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Rio Grande headwaters","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.65777587890625,\n 37.267495764381856\n ],\n [\n -105.83404541015625,\n 37.267495764381856\n ],\n [\n -105.83404541015625,\n 37.91603433975963\n ],\n [\n -107.65777587890625,\n 37.91603433975963\n ],\n [\n -107.65777587890625,\n 37.267495764381856\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sexstone, Graham A. 0000-0001-8913-0546","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8913-0546","contributorId":203850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sexstone","given":"Graham A.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":804851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Penn, Colin A. 0000-0002-5195-2744","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5195-2744","contributorId":203851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Penn","given":"Colin","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":804852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liston, Glen","contributorId":244889,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liston","given":"Glen","affiliations":[{"id":36729,"text":"Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":804853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gleason, Kelly","contributorId":244890,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gleason","given":"Kelly","affiliations":[{"id":6929,"text":"Portland State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":804854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Moeser, C. David 0000-0003-0154-9110","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0154-9110","contributorId":214563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moeser","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":804855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Clow, David W. 0000-0001-6183-4824 dwclow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6183-4824","contributorId":1671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"David","email":"dwclow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":804856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70217232,"text":"70217232 - 2020 - A synthesis of patterns of environmental mercury inputs, exposure and effects in New York State","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-13T14:19:18.133975","indexId":"70217232","displayToPublicDate":"2020-11-10T08:16:50","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1479,"text":"Ecotoxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A synthesis of patterns of environmental mercury inputs, exposure and effects in New York State","docAbstract":"Mercury (Hg) pollution is an environmental problem that adversely affects human and ecosystem health at local, regional, and global scales—including within New York State. More than two-thirds of the Hg currently released to the environment originates, either directly or indirectly, from human activities. Since the early 1800s, global atmospheric Hg concentrations have increased by three- to eight-fold over natural levels. In the U.S., atmospheric emissions and point-source releases to waterways increased following industrialization into the mid-1980s. Since then, water discharges have largely been curtailed. As a result, Hg emissions, atmospheric concentrations, and deposition over the past few decades have declined across the eastern U.S. Despite these decreases, Hg pollution persists. To inform policy efforts and to advance public understanding, the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) sponsored a scientific synthesis of information on Hg in New York State. This effort includes 23 papers focused on Hg in atmospheric deposition, water, fish, and wildlife published in Ecotoxicology. New York State experiences Hg contamination largely due to atmospheric deposition. Some landscapes are inherently sensitive to Hg inputs driven by the transport of inorganic Hg to zones of methylation, the conversion of inorganic Hg to methylmercury, and the bioaccumulation and biomagnification along food webs. Mercury concentrations exceed human and ecological risk thresholds in many areas of New York State, particularly the Adirondacks, Catskills, and parts of Long Island. Mercury concentrations in some biota have declined in the Eastern Great Lakes Lowlands and the Northeastern Highlands over the last four decades, concurrent with decreases in water releases and air emissions from regional and U.S. sources. However, widespread changes have not occurred in other ecoregions of New York State. While the timing and magnitude of the response of Hg levels in biota varies, policies expected to further diminish Hg emissions should continue to decrease Hg concentrations in food webs, yielding benefits to the fish, wildlife, and people of New York State. Anticipated improvements in the Hg status of aquatic ecosystems are likely to be greatest for inland surface waters and should be roughly proportional to declines in atmospheric Hg deposition. Efforts that advance recovery from Hg pollution in recent years have yielded significant progress, but Hg remains a pollutant of concern. Indeed, due to this extensive compilation of Hg observations in biota, it appears that the extent and intensity of the contamination on the New York landscape and waterscape is greater than previously recognized. Understanding the extent of Hg contamination and recovery following decreases in atmospheric Hg deposition will require further study, underscoring the need to continue existing monitoring efforts.
Human interference with the nitrogen cycle has doubled reactive nitrogen inputs to the global biosphere over the past century, leading to changes across multiple environmental issues that require urgent action. Nitrogen fertilizers and biological nitrogen fixation have allowed benefits of increased crop harvest and livestock production, while in some areas there is insufficient nitrogen to fertilize crops. Whether in excess or deficit, nitrogen losses from its inefficient use are causing a combination of freshwater and marine pollution, air pollution, alteration of climate balance, stratospheric ozone loss, biodiversity loss and reduction of soil quality. The resulting nitrogen pollution affects human health, well-being and livelihoods. Scientific efforts have begun to bring these issues together. However, there is still a high degree of fragmentation between research on the different benefits and threats of reactive nitrogen and between the respective policy frameworks, especially at the global scale. We argue that a more joined-up approach to managing the global nitrogen cycle is needed to develop the ‘gravity of common cause’ between nitrogen issues and to avoid policy trade-offs. We describe how a coherent system for science evidence provision is being developed to support policy development through the ‘International Nitrogen Management System’ (INMS). There is now a matching challenge to bring together the multiple policy agreements relevant for nitrogen as a foundation to address synergies/trade-offs and to set priorities. Based on review of existing frameworks, we outline the concept for an Interconvention nitrogen coordination mechanism. This could make a major contribution to multiple Sustainable Development Goals by stimulating the next generation of international nitrogen strategies: maximizing the benefits of efficient nitrogen use, while minimizing its many environmental threats.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Just enough nitrogen","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-58065-0_36","usgsCitation":"Sutton, M.A., Howard, C.M., Brownlie, W.J., Kanter, D., de Vries, W., Adhya, T., Jean Ometto, Baron, J., Winiwarter, W., Ju, X., Masso, C., Oenema, O., Raghuram, N., van Grinsven, H.J., Van der Beck, I., Cox, C.J., Hansen, S., Ramachandran, R., and Hicks, W.K., 2020, Global challenges for nitrogen science-policy interactions: Towards the International Nitrogen Management System (INMS) and improved coordination between multi-lateral environmental agreements, chap. of Just enough nitrogen, p. 517-560, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58065-0_36.","productDescription":"43 p.","startPage":"517","endPage":"560","ipdsId":"IP-108605","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science 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M.","contributorId":245729,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Howard","given":"Clare","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":49299,"text":"Cenver for Ecology and Hydrology, Edinburgh UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":806931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brownlie, Will J.","contributorId":245730,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brownlie","given":"Will","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":49299,"text":"Cenver for Ecology and Hydrology, Edinburgh UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":806932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kanter, David","contributorId":245731,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kanter","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40508,"text":"New York University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":806933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"de Vries, 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Trihalomethanes (THMs) are one of the major classes of regulated disinfection byproducts, formed when a specific fraction of the organic carbon pool—referred to as THM precursors—reacts with chorine and/or bromine during treatment. Understanding the source, fate, timing and duration of the organic compounds that react to form THMs will allow identification of targeted and effective management actions. In this study we evaluated THM precursor contributions from multiple land use categories and hydrologic contexts, including novel data for urban land uses that demonstrate strong potential to release water with high THM formation potential (THMFP; median 618 μg L−1): greater than storm runoff integrated across a mixed-use (1/3 natural, 2/3 agricultural) watershed (median 460 μg L−1), irrigation runoff from agricultural systems (357 μg L−1), or runoff from a natural forested (median 123 μg L−1) and shrubland/grassland (median 259 μg L−1) watersheds. While individual storm events released high THM precursor concentrations over short periods, dry season agricultural irrigation as well as urban landscapes have the potential to release water high in THM precursors for several months. Experimental bioassays and sampling along 333 miles of the California Aqueduct confirmed bioavailability and photooxidation potential of less than 10% for THM precursors, suggesting that rivers with residence times of days to weeks may act as THM precursor conduits, shuttling THM precursors from hundreds of miles away to drinking water intakes with minimal degradation. This finding has considerable implications for water managers, who may therefore consider THM precursor management strategies that target even sources located far upstream.
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A recent decline in yellow perch Perca flavescens (Mitchill) abundance within the Lake Winnebago System, Wisconsin, USA, prompted an assessment of cormorant diets to evaluate potential effects of cormorant predation on the sportfish community. Diets were collected from 883 cormorants (417 from Lake Winnebago and 466 from Lake Butte des Morts) between 2015 and 2017. Cormorant diets on both waterbodies consisted mostly of freshwater drum Aplodinotus grunniens Rafinesque and gizzard shad Dorosoma cepedianum (Lesueur). Yellow perch and walleye Sander vitreus (Mitchill) observations were infrequent and represented < 5% of cormorant diets by weight each year. Under current conditions, cormorant predation likely has minimal impact on the Lake Winnebago sportfish community, but more research is needed to assess potential impacts on Lake Butte des Morts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/fme.12466","usgsCitation":"Koenigs, R.P., Dembkowski, D., Lovell, C., Isermann, D.A., and Nickel, A., 2020, Diets of double-crested cormorants in the Winnebago System, Wisconsin: Fisheries Management and Ecology, v. 28, no. 2, p. 183-193, https://doi.org/10.1111/fme.12466.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"183","endPage":"193","ipdsId":"IP-110241","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488962,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/icwdm_usdanwrc/2436","text":"External Repository"},{"id":395654,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Benedict's Island, Garlic Island, Fraction Islands Lake Butte des Morts ,Lake Winnebago, Long Point Island Monkey Island,,Terrell's Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.95492553710938,\n 43.78695837311561\n ],\n [\n -88.2366943359375,\n 43.78695837311561\n ],\n [\n -88.2366943359375,\n 44.24421523567905\n ],\n [\n -88.95492553710938,\n 44.24421523567905\n ],\n [\n -88.95492553710938,\n 43.78695837311561\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-11-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koenigs, Ryan P.","contributorId":275008,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koenigs","given":"Ryan","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":56696,"text":"Wisconson Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dembkowski, Daniel J.","contributorId":275009,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dembkowski","given":"Daniel J.","affiliations":[{"id":33303,"text":"University of Wisconsin Stevens Point","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lovell, Charles D.","contributorId":275010,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lovell","given":"Charles D.","affiliations":[{"id":40821,"text":"U. 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Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Isermann, Daniel A. 0000-0003-1151-9097 disermann@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1151-9097","contributorId":5167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isermann","given":"Daniel","email":"disermann@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":833572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nickel, Adam","contributorId":275011,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nickel","given":"Adam","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6913,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70216216,"text":"70216216 - 2020 - Shorebird reproductive response to exceptionally early and late springs varies across sites in Arctic Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-10T12:45:10.570893","indexId":"70216216","displayToPublicDate":"2020-11-09T06:40:03","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3910,"text":"Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution","onlineIssn":"2296-701X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shorebird reproductive response to exceptionally early and late springs varies across sites in Arctic Alaska","docAbstract":"While increases in overall temperatures are widely reported in the Arctic, large inter-annual variation in spring weather, with extreme early and late conditions, is also occurring. Using data collected from three sites in Arctic Alaska, we explored how shorebird breeding density, nest initiation, nest synchrony, nest survival, and phenological mismatch varied between two exceptionally early (2015 and 2016) and late (2017 and 2018) springs. We assessed these differences in the context of long-term data from each site and whether species exhibited conservative or opportunistic reproductive strategies. Conservative shorebirds typically display nest-site fidelity and territoriality, consistent population densities, relatively even individual spacing, and monogamous mating systems with bi-parental incubation. In contrast, opportunistic shorebirds display the opposite traits, and a polygamous mating system with uniparental incubation. In this study, we evaluated 2,239 nests from 13 shorebird species, 2015–2018, and found that shorebirds of both strategies bred earlier and in higher numbers in early, warm springs relative to historic levels (based on 3,789 nests, 2005–2014); opposite trends were observed in late springs. In early springs, nests were initiated less synchronously than in late springs. Nest survival was unrelated to spring type, but was greater in earlier laid nests overall. Invertebrate food resources emerged earlier in early springs, resulting in a greater temporal asynchrony between invertebrate emergence and chick hatching in early than late springs. However, invertebrate abundance was quite variable among sites and years regardless of spring type. Overall, our results were generally consistent with predicted relationships between spring conditions and reproductive parameters. However, we detected differences among sites that could not be explained by other ecological factors (e.g., predators or alternative prey). Differences in shorebird community composition and other subtler methodological/ecological differences among sites highlight the difficulty of understanding the complex nature of these ecological systems and the importance of evaluating questions at multiple sites across multiple years. Our study demonstrates that shorebirds exhibit a high degree of behavioral flexibility in response to variable Arctic conditions, but whether this flexibility is enough to allow them to optimally track changing environmental conditions or if evolutionary adjustments will be necessary is unknown.
The Arctic is entering a new ecological state, with alarming consequences for humanity. Animal-borne sensors offer a window into these changes. Although substantial animal tracking data from the Arctic and subarctic exist, most are difficult to discover and access. Here, we present the new Arctic Animal Movement Archive (AAMA), a growing collection of more than 200 standardized terrestrial and marine animal tracking studies from 1991 to the present. The AAMA supports public data discovery, preserves fundamental baseline data for the future, and facilitates efficient, collaborative data analysis. With AAMA-based case studies, we document climatic influences on the migration phenology of eagles, geographic differences in the adaptive response of caribou reproductive phenology to climate change, and species-specific changes in terrestrial mammal movement rates in response to increasing temperature.
","language":"English","publisher":"AAAS","doi":"10.1126/science.abb7080","usgsCitation":"Davidson, S., Bohrer, G., Gurarie, E., LaPoint, S., Mahoney, P.J., Boelman, N., Eitel, J.U., Prugh, L.R., Vierling, L.A., Jennewein, J., Grier, E., Couriot, O., Kelly, A.P., Meddens, A.J., Oliver, R.Y., Kays, R., Wikelski, M., Aarvak, T., Ackerman, J.T., Almeida e Silva, M., Alves, J., Bayne, E., Bedrosian, B., Belant, J.L., Berdahl, A.M., Berlin, A., Berteaux, D., Bety, J., Boiko, D., Booms, T.L., Borg, B.L., Boutin, S., Boyd, W., Brides, K., Brown, S.C., Bulyuk, V.N., Burnham, K., Cabot, D., Casazza, M.L., Christie, K.S., Craig, E.H., Davis, S.E., Davison, T., Demma, D., DeSorbo, C.R., Dixon, A.E., Domenech, R., Eichhorn, G., Elliott, K., Evenson, J.R., Exo, K., Ferguson, S., Fiedler, W., Fisk, A.T., Fort, J., Franke, A., Fuller, M.R., Garthe, S., Gauthier, G., Gilchrist, G., Glazov, P., Gray, C., Gremillet, D., Griffin, L., Hallworth, M., Harrison, A., Hennin, H., Hipfner, J.M., Hodson, J., Johnson, J.A., Joly, K., Jones, K., Katzner, T., Kidd, J., Knight, E., Kochert, M.N., Kolzsch, A., Kruckenberg, H., Lagassé, B., Lai, S., Lamarre, J., Lanctot, R., Larter, N.C., Latham, A.D., Latty, C.J., Lawler, J.P., Leandri-Breton, D., Lee, H., Lewis, S.B., Love, O.P., Madsen, J., Maftei, M., Mallory, M.L., Mangipane, B., Markovets, M.Y., Marra, P.P., McGuire, R., McIntyre, C., McKinnon, E.A., Miller, T.A., Moonen, S., Mu, T., Muskens, G.J., Ng, J., Nicholson, K.L., Jostein Oien, I., Overton, C.T., Owen, P.A., Patterson, A.G., Petersen, A., Pokrovsky, I., Powell, L.L., Prieto, R., Quillfeldt, P., Rausch, J., Russell, K., Saalfeld, S.T., Schekkerman, H., Schmutz, J.A., Schwemmer, P., Seip, D.R., Shreading, A., Silva, M., Smith, B.W., Smith, F., Smith, J.P., Snell, K.R., Sokolov, A., Sokolov, V., Solovyeva, D.V., Sorum, M.S., Tertitski, G., Therrien, J.F., Thorup, K., Tibbitts, T., Tulp, I., Uher-Koch, B.D., van Bemmelen, R., Van Wilgenburg, S., Von Duyke, A.L., Watson, J., Watts, B.D., Williams, J.A., Wilson, M., Wright, J., Yates, M., Yurkowski, D., Žydelis, R., and Hebblewhite, M., 2020, Ecological insights from three decades of animal movement tracking across a changing Arctic: Science, v. 370, no. 6517, p. 712-715, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abb7080.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"712","endPage":"715","ipdsId":"IP-114828","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454859,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/8b4d3d53-e9d5-4fdd-9bd7-7952c62b7f07","text":"External Repository"},{"id":382521,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"370","issue":"6517","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davidson, Sarah 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These units range in age from late(?) Proterozoic through Devonian and can be divided into two distinct facies belts: (1) a southern facies of dominantly shallow-water platform carbonate and minor siliciclastic rocks (including Early Ordovician–Early Devonian platform edge algal buildups) with subordinate transgressive tongues of deeper-water platy carbonates; and (2) a northern facies belt of approximately age equivalent deep-water carbonate and siliciclastic rocks deposited in slope and basinal environments. Both facies belts belong to the Farewell terrane of Decker and others (1994). Two structural provinces are also recognized, which correspond directly with these belts. The Farewell terrane is interpreted as a continental margin sequence that rifted from Siberia. Many of the bedrock units recognized in the Sleetmute A-2 quadrangle are equivalent to units previously recognized to the east and northeast in the Lime Hills, McGrath, and Medfra quadrangles. Shallow-water carbonate platform rocks make up the majority of the southern facies and occur primarily along the crest and north side (and to a lesser degree along the south side) of a prominent crescentic-shaped, east-west trending anticlinal axis exposed in the southern part of the Sleetmute A-2 quadrangle. Because of the relatively low thermal alteration indices of the rocks of this area and the presence of highly porous dolostone intervals of good reservoir quality in the platform facies, this region elicited interest for petroleum exploration in the 1980s. However, low total organic carbon (TOC) content of potential source rocks within the Ordovician–Silurian basinal facies belt indicates low petroleum resource potential for this area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3450","usgsCitation":"Blodgett, R.B., Wilson, F.H., Shew, N.B., and Clough, J.G., 2020, Bedrock geologic map of the 15' Sleetmute A-2 quadrangle, southwestern Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3450, 18 p., 1 map sheet, scale 1:63,360, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3450.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: iv, 18 p.; 1 Sheet: 23.20 x 26.17 inches; Table; Spatial Data","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-098211","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":380271,"rank":2,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3450/sim3450.pdf","text":"Sheet 1","size":"1.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3450"},{"id":380272,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3450/sim3450_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","size":"1.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3450 Pamphlet"},{"id":380270,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3450/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":380273,"rank":4,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3450/sim3450_table.csv","text":"Table 1","size":"10 KB","linkFileType":{"id":7,"text":"csv"},"description":"SIM 3450 Table csv"},{"id":380274,"rank":5,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3450/sim3450_table.xls","text":"Table 1","size":"39 KB xls","description":"SIM 3450 Table xls"},{"id":380275,"rank":6,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3450/sim3450_spatial_data.zip","text":"SIM 3450 spatial data","size":"2.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"SIM 3450 Spatial Data"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.45,\n 61.000\n ],\n [\n -156.2230,\n 61.000\n ],\n [\n -156.2230,\n 61.15\n ],\n [\n -156.45,\n 61.15\n ],\n [\n -156.45,\n 61.000\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Alaska Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
4210 University Dr.
Anchorage, AK 99508
North America has more than 4000 bee species, yet we have little information on the health, distribution, and population trends of most of these species. In the United States, what information is available is distributed across multiple institutions, and efforts to track bee populations are largely uncoordinated on a national scale. An overarching framework for monitoring U.S. native bees could provide a system that is responsive to national needs, resources, and capacities. Five major action areas and priorities for structuring a coordinated effort include: (1) Defining the scope, aims, and cost of a national native bee monitoring program; (2) Improving the national capacity in bee taxonomy and systematics; (3) Gathering and cataloging data that are standardized, accessible, and sustainable; (4) Identifying survey methods and prioritizing taxa to monitor; and (5) Prioritizing geographic areas to be monitored. Here, we detail the needs, challenges, and opportunities associated with developing a multi-layered U.S. national plan for native bee monitoring.