Glide snow avalanches are dangerous and difficult to predict. Despite recent research there is still a lack of understanding regarding the controls of glide avalanche release. Glide avalanches often occur in similar terrain or the same locations annually and observations suggest that topography may be critical. Thus, to gain an understanding of the terrain component of these types of avalanches we examined terrain parameters associated with glide avalanche release as well as areas of consistent glide crack formation but no subsequent avalanches. Glide avalanche occurrences visible from the Going-to-the-Sun Road corridor in Glacier National Park, Montana from 2003-2013 were investigated using an avalanche database derived of daily observations each year from April 1 to June 15. This yielded 192 glide avalanches in 53 distinct avalanche paths. Each avalanche occurrence was digitized in a GIS using satellite, oblique, and aerial imagery as reference. Topographical parameters such as area, slope, aspect, elevation and elevation were then derived for the entire dataset utilizing GIS tools and a 10m DEM. Land surface substrate and surface geology were derived from National Park Service Inventory and Monitoring maps and U.S. Geological Survey surface geology maps, respectively. Surface roughness and glide factor were calculated using a four level classification index. . Then, each avalanche occurrence was aggregated to general avalanche release zones and the frequencies were compared. For this study, glide avalanches released in elevations ranging from 1300 to 2700 m with a mean aspect of 98 degrees (east) and a mean slope angle of 38 degrees. The mean profile curvature for all glide avalanches was 0.15 and a plan curvature of -0.01, suggesting a fairly linear surface (i.e. neither convex nor concave). The glide avalanches occurred in mostly bedrock made up of dolomite and limestone slabs and talus deposits with very few occurring in alpine meadows. However, not all glide avalanches failed as cohesive slabs on this bedrock surface. Consequently, surface roughness proved to be a useful descriptive variable to discriminate between slopes that avalanched and those that did not. Annual 'repeat offender' glide avalanche paths were characterized by smooth outcropping rock plates with stratification planes parallel to the slope. Combined with aspect these repeat offenders were also members of the highest glide category. Using this understanding of the role of topographic parameters on glide avalanche activity, a spatial terrain based model was developed to identify other areas with high glide avalanche potential outside of our immediate observation area.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the International Snow Science Workshop","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"International Snow Science Workshop","conferenceDate":"September 28-October 3, 2014","conferenceLocation":"Banff, Alberta, Canada","language":"English","publisher":"International Snow Science Workshop Canada Inc.","usgsCitation":"Peitzsch, E.H., Hendrikx, J., and Fagre, D.B., 2014, Assessing the importance of terrain parameters on glide avalanche release, in Proceedings of the International Snow Science Workshop, Banff, Alberta, Canada, September 28-October 3, 2014, 8 p.","productDescription":"8 p.","ipdsId":"IP-053178","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":379966,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Glacier National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.345703125,\n 48.23016176791893\n ],\n [\n -113.15093994140625,\n 48.23016176791893\n ],\n [\n -113.15093994140625,\n 48.980216985374994\n ],\n [\n -114.345703125,\n 48.980216985374994\n ],\n [\n -114.345703125,\n 48.23016176791893\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peitzsch, Erich H. 0000-0001-7624-0455 epeitzsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7624-0455","contributorId":3786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peitzsch","given":"Erich","email":"epeitzsch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":803469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hendrikx, Jordy 0000-0001-6194-3596","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6194-3596","contributorId":140954,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hendrikx","given":"Jordy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13628,"text":"Department of Earth Sciences, P.O. Box 173480, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA. 59717.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":803470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fagre, Daniel B. 0000-0001-8552-9461 dan_fagre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8552-9461","contributorId":2036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagre","given":"Daniel","email":"dan_fagre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":803471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70137863,"text":"70137863 - 2014 - Sharp increase in central Oklahoma seismicity 2009-2014 induced by massive wastewater injection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-13T14:55:16","indexId":"70137863","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T09:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sharp increase in central Oklahoma seismicity 2009-2014 induced by massive wastewater injection","docAbstract":"Unconventional oil and gas production provides a rapidly growing energy source; however high-producing states in the United States, such as Oklahoma, face sharply rising numbers of earthquakes. Subsurface pressure data required to unequivocally link earthquakes to injection are rarely accessible. Here we use seismicity and hydrogeological models to show that distant fluid migration from high-rate disposal wells in Oklahoma is likely responsible for the largest swarm. Earthquake hypocenters occur within disposal formations and upper-basement, between 2-5 km depth. The modeled fluid pressure perturbation propagates throughout the same depth range and tracks earthquakes to distances of 35 km, with a triggering threshold of ~0.07 MPa. Although thousands of disposal wells may operate aseismically, four of the highest-rate wells likely induced 20% of 2008-2013 central US seismicity.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1126/science.1255802","usgsCitation":"Keranen, K.M., Abers, G.A., Weingarten, M., Bekins, B.A., and Ge, S., 2014, Sharp increase in central Oklahoma seismicity 2009-2014 induced by massive wastewater injection: Science, v. 345, no. 6195, p. 448-451, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1255802.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"448","endPage":"451","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057212","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":29789,"text":"John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297215,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -99.49218749999999,\n 34.470335121217495\n ],\n [\n -99.49218749999999,\n 36.58024660149866\n ],\n [\n -94.8779296875,\n 36.58024660149866\n ],\n [\n -94.8779296875,\n 34.470335121217495\n ],\n [\n -99.49218749999999,\n 34.470335121217495\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"345","issue":"6195","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2ab2e4b08de9379b3186","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keranen, Kathleen M.","contributorId":138655,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Keranen","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12480,"text":"Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Abers, Geoffrey A.","contributorId":90195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abers","given":"Geoffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weingarten, Matthew","contributorId":138656,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weingarten","given":"Matthew","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12481,"text":"Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bekins, Barbara A. 0000-0002-1411-6018 babekins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1411-6018","contributorId":1348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bekins","given":"Barbara","email":"babekins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ge, Shemin","contributorId":37366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ge","given":"Shemin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70189092,"text":"70189092 - 2014 - The Lepanto Cu–Au deposit, Philippines: A fossil hyperacidic volcanic lake complex","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-01T16:09:00","indexId":"70189092","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Lepanto Cu–Au deposit, Philippines: A fossil hyperacidic volcanic lake complex","docAbstract":"Hyperacidic lakes and associated solfatara in active volcanoes are the expression of magmatic gas expansion from source to surface. Here we show for the first time, that the vein system that comprises the ~ 2 Ma high-sulfidation, Lepanto copper–gold deposit in the Mankayan district (Philippines) was associated with a contemporary hyperacidic volcanic lake complex—possibly the first such lake recognized in the geological record. A 15–20‰ difference in sulfur isotopic composition between barite and sulfides and sulfosalts in the vent fumarole encrustations supports the interpretation that SO2-rich volcanic gas vented into the base of the lake and marginal to it and ties the mineralization directly to magmatic gas expansion, fracture propagation, and mineralization that occurred through a series of decompression steps within the feeder fracture network. These data confirm that crater lake environments such as Kawah Ijen (Java, Indonesia) provide modern day analogs of the Lepanto and other high sulfidation Cu–Au depositing environments.
We also provide extensive analysis of sulfosalt–sulfide reactions during vein formation within the hyperacidic lake complex. Pyrite ± silica deposited first at high temperature followed by enargite that preserves the vapor–solid diffusion of, for example, antimony, tin, and tellurium into the vapor from the crystallizing solid. Subsolidus, intra-crystalline diffusion continued as temperature declined. Pyrite and enargite are replaced by Fe-tennantite in the lodes which initially has low Sb/(Sb + As) atomic ratios around 13.5% close to the ideal tennantite formula, but evolves to higher ratios as crystallization proceeds. Fumarole encrustation clasts and sulfosalts in the lake sediment are more highly evolved with a larger range of trace element substitutions, including antimony. Substitution of especially Zn, Te, Ag, and Sn into tennantite records metal and semi-metal fractionation between the expanding magmatic gas and deposited sulfide sublimates provides a rare insight into the fate of metals and semi-metals in the shallower parts of fracture arrays that feed modern hyperacidic lakes.
These data support a growing understanding of the formation of high-sulfidation gold deposits as the consequence of single-phase expansion of gas from magmatic-gas reservoirs beneath the surface of active volcanoes without the intervention of a later aqueous fluid including groundwater. Aggressive sulfide–sulfosalt reactions, including pitting and the almost complete dissolution of earlier minerals, are persistent characteristics of the vein assemblages and precious metals typically occur late in pits or along brittle fractures. These characteristics support a hypothesis of mineral deposition at temperatures of the order of 600 °C in contrast to available fluid inclusion data from enargite that record temperatures following phase transitions in the sulfosalt during the retrograde devolution of the deposit in the presence of groundwater.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2013.11.019","usgsCitation":"Berger, B.R., Henley, R.W., Lowers, H.A., and Pribil, M., 2014, The Lepanto Cu–Au deposit, Philippines: A fossil hyperacidic volcanic lake complex: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 271, p. 70-82, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2013.11.019.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"70","endPage":"82","ipdsId":"IP-049241","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343189,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Phillipines","state":"Benguet","city":"Mankayan","otherGeospatial":"Mankayan district","volume":"271","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595611bce4b0d1f9f0506785","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berger, Byron R. bberger@usgs.gov","contributorId":1490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger","given":"Byron","email":"bberger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Henley, Richard W.","contributorId":107193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henley","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lowers, Heather A. 0000-0001-5360-9264 hlowers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5360-9264","contributorId":191307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowers","given":"Heather","email":"hlowers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pribil, Michael J. 0000-0003-4859-8673 mpribil@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4859-8673","contributorId":141158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pribil","given":"Michael","email":"mpribil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70193132,"text":"70193132 - 2014 - A multiple-tracer approach to understanding regional groundwaterflow in the Snake Valley area of the eastern Great Basin, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-31T09:40:01","indexId":"70193132","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A multiple-tracer approach to understanding regional groundwaterflow in the Snake Valley area of the eastern Great Basin, USA","docAbstract":"Groundwater in Snake Valley and surrounding basins in the eastern Great Basin province of the western\nUnited States is being targeted for large-scale groundwater extraction and export. Concern about declining\ngroundwater levels and spring flows in western Utah as a result of the proposed groundwater withdrawals\nhas led to efforts that have improved the understanding of this regional groundwater flow system. In this\nstudy, environmental tracers (del2H, del18O, 3H, 14C, 3He, 4He, 20Ne, 40Ar, 84Kr, and 129Xe) and major ions from\n142 sites were evaluated to investigate groundwater recharge and flow-path characteristics. With few\nexceptions, del2H and del18O show that most valley groundwater has similar ratios to mountain springs,\nindicating recharge is dominated by relatively high-altitude precipitation. The spatial distribution of 3H,\nterrigenic helium (4Heterr), and 3H/3He ages shows that modern groundwater (<60 yr) in valley aquifers\nis found only in the western third of the study area. Pleistocene and late-Holocene groundwater is found\nin the eastern parts of the study area. The age of Pleistocene groundwater is supported by minimum\nadjusted radiocarbon ages of up to 32 ka. Noble gas recharge temperatures (NGTs) are generally\n1–11 degrees C in Snake and southern Spring Valleys and >11 degrees C to the east of Snake Valley and indicate a\nhydraulic discontinuity between Snake and Tule Valleys across the northern Confusion Range. The\ncombination of NGTs and 4Heterr shows that the majority of Snake Valley groundwater discharges as\nsprings, evapotranspiration, and well withdrawals within Snake Valley rather than continuing\nnortheastward to discharge at either Fish Springs or the Great Salt Lake Playa. The refined understanding\nof groundwater recharge and flow paths acquired from this multi-tracer investigation has broad\nimplications for interbasin subsurface flow estimates and future groundwater development.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.02.010","usgsCitation":"Gardner, P.M., 2014, A multiple-tracer approach to understanding regional groundwaterflow in the Snake Valley area of the eastern Great Basin, USA: Applied Geochemistry, v. 45, p. 33-49, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.02.010.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"33","endPage":"49","ipdsId":"IP-055000","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347798,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Great Basin, Snake Valley","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-114.0506,37.000396],[-114.049995,36.957769],[-114.050619,36.843141],[-114.050619,36.843128],[-114.050606,36.800184],[-114.050562,36.656259],[-114.050167,36.624978],[-114.04966,36.621113],[-114.048476,36.49998],[-114.046488,36.473449],[-114.045829,36.442973],[-114.045806,36.391071],[-114.047584,36.325573],[-114.046935,36.315449],[-114.048515,36.289598],[-114.048226,36.268874],[-114.047106,36.250591],[-114.046743,36.245246],[-114.046838,36.194069],[-114.060302,36.189363],[-114.068027,36.180663],[-114.088954,36.144381],[-114.09987,36.121654],[-114.103222,36.120176],[-114.111011,36.119875],[-114.120862,36.114596],[-114.123144,36.111576],[-114.123975,36.106515],[-114.123221,36.104746],[-114.117459,36.100893],[-114.114165,36.096982],[-114.114531,36.095217],[-114.136896,36.059467],[-114.138203,36.053161],[-114.137188,36.046785],[-114.138202,36.041284],[-114.148191,36.028013],[-114.151725,36.024563],[-114.15413,36.023862],[-114.166465,36.027738],[-114.176824,36.027651],[-114.19238,36.020993],[-114.21369,36.015613],[-114.233289,36.014289],[-114.238799,36.014561],[-114.252651,36.020193],[-114.263146,36.025937],[-114.266721,36.029238],[-114.270645,36.03572],[-114.280202,36.046362],[-114.314028,36.058165],[-114.315557,36.059494],[-114.316109,36.063109],[-114.314206,36.066619],[-114.307879,36.071291],[-114.305738,36.074882],[-114.30843,36.082443],[-114.328777,36.105501],[-114.337273,36.10802],[-114.363109,36.130246],[-114.372106,36.143114],[-114.405475,36.147371],[-114.412373,36.147254],[-114.41695,36.145761],[-114.427169,36.136305],[-114.446605,36.12597],[-114.448654,36.12641],[-114.453325,36.130726],[-114.458369,36.138586],[-114.463637,36.139695],[-114.470152,36.138801],[-114.487034,36.129396],[-114.49612,36.12785],[-114.502172,36.128796],[-114.504442,36.129741],[-114.505766,36.131444],[-114.506144,36.134659],[-114.505387,36.137496],[-114.50482,36.142414],[-114.504631,36.145629],[-114.506711,36.148277],[-114.511721,36.150956],[-114.545789,36.152248],[-114.572031,36.15161],[-114.597212,36.142103],[-114.608264,36.133949],[-114.616694,36.130101],[-114.621883,36.13213],[-114.627855,36.141012],[-114.631716,36.142306],[-114.65995,36.124145],[-114.66289,36.119932],[-114.666538,36.117343],[-114.709771,36.107742],[-114.717293,36.107686],[-114.736165,36.104367],[-114.747079,36.097005],[-114.753638,36.090705],[-114.755618,36.087166],[-114.755491,36.081601],[-114.754099,36.07944],[-114.743342,36.070535],[-114.736253,36.05847],[-114.736738,36.054349],[-114.740375,36.049258],[-114.740375,36.043682],[-114.740617,36.041015],[-114.739405,36.037863],[-114.734314,36.035681],[-114.730435,36.031317],[-114.729707,36.028166],[-114.731162,36.021862],[-114.740522,36.013336],[-114.742779,36.009963],[-114.743243,36.00653],[-114.743756,35.985095],[-114.740595,35.975656],[-114.729941,35.962183],[-114.728318,35.95629],[-114.731159,35.943916],[-114.729356,35.941413],[-114.715692,35.934709],[-114.707526,35.92806],[-114.708516,35.912313],[-114.700271,35.901772],[-114.68112,35.885364],[-114.679039,35.880046],[-114.677883,35.876346],[-114.67742,35.874728],[-114.678114,35.871953],[-114.679501,35.868023],[-114.68201,35.863284],[-114.697767,35.854844],[-114.699848,35.84837],[-114.699848,35.843283],[-114.69641,35.833784],[-114.69571,35.830601],[-114.70371,35.814585],[-114.70991,35.810185],[-114.71211,35.806185],[-114.69891,35.790185],[-114.701409,35.769086],[-114.695709,35.755986],[-114.697309,35.733686],[-114.705309,35.711587],[-114.705409,35.708287],[-114.701208,35.701187],[-114.694108,35.695187],[-114.683208,35.689387],[-114.680607,35.685488],[-114.682207,35.678188],[-114.690008,35.664688],[-114.689407,35.651412],[-114.677107,35.641489],[-114.658206,35.619089],[-114.653406,35.610789],[-114.654306,35.59759],[-114.659606,35.58749],[-114.665649,35.580428],[-114.666184,35.577576],[-114.663005,35.56369],[-114.662005,35.545491],[-114.660205,35.539291],[-114.657405,35.536391],[-114.656905,35.534391],[-114.658005,35.530491],[-114.663105,35.524491],[-114.673805,35.517891],[-114.677205,35.513491],[-114.679205,35.499992],[-114.677643,35.489742],[-114.672901,35.481708],[-114.666377,35.466856],[-114.6645,35.449497],[-114.662125,35.444241],[-114.652005,35.429165],[-114.627137,35.409504],[-114.611435,35.369056],[-114.604314,35.353584],[-114.595931,35.325234],[-114.597503,35.296954],[-114.587129,35.262376],[-114.583111,35.23809],[-114.583559,35.22993],[-114.579963,35.20964],[-114.574835,35.205898],[-114.572119,35.200591],[-114.569238,35.18348],[-114.569569,35.163053],[-114.572747,35.138725],[-114.578524,35.12875],[-114.58774,35.123729],[-114.59912,35.12105],[-114.619905,35.121632],[-114.629934,35.118272],[-114.644352,35.105904],[-114.646759,35.101872],[-114.642831,35.096503],[-114.622517,35.088703],[-114.613132,35.083097],[-114.604736,35.07483],[-114.602908,35.068588],[-114.603619,35.064226],[-114.606694,35.058941],[-114.627124,35.044721],[-114.632429,35.037586],[-114.636893,35.028367],[-114.638023,35.020556],[-114.636674,35.008807],[-114.633013,35.002085],[-114.804249,35.139689],[-114.80503,35.140284],[-114.925381,35.237039],[-114.92548,35.237054],[-114.942216,35.249994],[-115.043812,35.332012],[-115.098018,35.37499],[-115.102881,35.379371],[-115.125816,35.39694],[-115.145813,35.413182],[-115.146788,35.413662],[-115.160068,35.424129],[-115.160599,35.424313],[-115.225273,35.475907],[-115.271342,35.51266],[-115.303743,35.538207],[-115.388866,35.605171],[-115.391535,35.607271],[-115.393996,35.609344],[-115.404537,35.617605],[-115.406079,35.618613],[-115.412908,35.624981],[-115.500832,35.693382],[-115.625838,35.792013],[-115.627386,35.793846],[-115.647202,35.808995],[-115.647683,35.809358],[-115.64802,35.809629],[-115.669005,35.826515],[-115.689302,35.842003],[-115.750844,35.889287],[-115.845984,35.964207],[-115.852908,35.96966],[-115.892975,35.999967],[-115.912858,36.015359],[-116.093601,36.155805],[-116.097216,36.158346],[-116.250869,36.276979],[-116.375875,36.372562],[-116.38034,36.374955],[-116.488233,36.459097],[-116.500882,36.468223],[-116.541983,36.499952],[-117.000895,36.847694],[-117.066728,36.896354],[-117.131975,36.945777],[-117.166,36.971224],[-117.244917,37.030244],[-117.266046,37.04491],[-117.375905,37.126843],[-117.500117,37.22038],[-117.500909,37.220282],[-117.540885,37.249931],[-117.581418,37.278936],[-117.68061,37.353399],[-117.712358,37.374931],[-117.832726,37.464929],[-117.875927,37.497267],[-117.904625,37.515836],[-117.975776,37.569293],[-118.039849,37.615245],[-118.039798,37.615273],[-118.052189,37.62493],[-118.250947,37.768616],[-118.4278,37.89623],[-118.500958,37.949019],[-118.571958,37.99993],[-118.62159,38.034389],[-118.714312,38.102185],[-118.746598,38.124926],[-118.771867,38.141871],[-118.859087,38.204808],[-118.922518,38.249919],[-118.949673,38.26894],[-119.000975,38.303675],[-119.030078,38.325181],[-119.082358,38.361267],[-119.097161,38.372853],[-119.125982,38.39317],[-119.156983,38.414739],[-119.234966,38.468997],[-119.250988,38.48078],[-119.279262,38.499914],[-119.328411,38.534773],[-119.333423,38.538328],[-119.370117,38.563281],[-119.375994,38.566793],[-119.450623,38.619965],[-119.450612,38.619964],[-119.494022,38.649734],[-119.494183,38.649852],[-119.585437,38.713212],[-119.587066,38.714345],[-119.587679,38.714734],[-119.904315,38.933324],[-120.001014,38.999574],[-120.002461,39.067489],[-120.003402,39.112687],[-120.004504,39.165599],[-120.005746,39.22521],[-120.005743,39.228664],[-120.005142,39.291258],[-120.005414,39.313345],[-120.005413,39.313848],[-120.00532,39.31635],[-120.005316,39.316453],[-120.00471,39.330488],[-120.00443,39.374908],[-120.003117,39.445044],[-120.003116,39.445113],[-120.00174,39.538852],[-120.001319,39.722416],[-120.001319,39.72242],[-120.000502,39.779956],[-120.000607,39.780779],[-119.999733,39.851406],[-119.997634,39.956505],[-119.997291,40.071803],[-119.997175,40.077245],[-119.997234,40.091591],[-119.997124,40.126363],[-119.996183,40.262461],[-119.996182,40.263532],[-119.996155,40.32125],[-119.996155,40.321838],[-119.995926,40.499901],[-119.997533,40.720992],[-119.998479,40.749899],[-119.999231,40.865899],[-119.999232,40.867454],[-119.999358,40.873101],[-119.999866,41.183974],[-119.999471,41.499894],[-119.99828,41.618765],[-119.998855,41.624893],[-119.998287,41.749892],[-119.999276,41.874891],[-119.999168,41.99454],[-119.986678,41.995842],[-119.876054,41.997199],[-119.872929,41.997641],[-119.848907,41.997281],[-119.790087,41.997544],[-119.72573,41.996296],[-119.444598,41.995478],[-119.360177,41.994384],[-119.324181,41.994206],[-119.251033,41.993843],[-119.231876,41.994212],[-119.20828,41.993177],[-119.001022,41.993793],[-118.795612,41.992394],[-118.777228,41.992671],[-118.775869,41.992692],[-118.696409,41.991794],[-118.601806,41.993895],[-118.501002,41.995446],[-118.197189,41.996995],[-117.873467,41.998335],[-117.625973,41.998102],[-117.623731,41.998467],[-117.443062,41.999659],[-117.403613,41.99929],[-117.217551,41.999887],[-117.197798,42.00038],[-117.068613,42.000035],[-117.055402,41.99989],[-117.04891,41.998983],[-117.040906,41.99989],[-117.026222,42.000252],[-117.018294,41.999358],[-117.009255,41.998127],[-116.969156,41.998991],[-116.62677,41.99775],[-116.625947,41.997379],[-116.586937,41.99737],[-116.582217,41.997834],[-116.525319,41.997558],[-116.510452,41.997096],[-116.501741,41.997334],[-116.499777,41.99674],[-116.485823,41.996861],[-116.483094,41.996885],[-116.463528,41.996547],[-116.368478,41.996281],[-116.332763,41.997283],[-116.163931,41.997555],[-116.160833,41.997508],[-116.038602,41.99746],[-116.03857,41.997413],[-116.030754,41.997399],[-116.030758,41.997383],[-116.01896,41.997762],[-116.018945,41.997722],[-116.012219,41.998048],[-116.012212,41.998035],[-115.98688,41.998534],[-115.887612,41.998048],[-115.879596,41.997891],[-115.870181,41.996766],[-115.625914,41.997415],[-115.586849,41.996884],[-115.313877,41.996103],[-115.254333,41.996721],[-115.250795,41.996156],[-115.038256,41.996012],[-115.031783,41.996008],[-114.914187,41.999909],[-114.89921,41.999909],[-114.875877,42.001319],[-114.831077,42.002207],[-114.806384,42.001822],[-114.720715,41.998231],[-114.598267,41.994511],[-114.498259,41.994599],[-114.498243,41.994636],[-114.467581,41.995492],[-114.281855,41.994214],[-114.107428,41.993965],[-114.107259,41.993831],[-114.061763,41.993939],[-114.061774,41.993797],[-114.048257,41.993814],[-114.048246,41.993721],[-114.041723,41.99372],[-113.993903,41.992698],[-113.893261,41.988057],[-113.822163,41.988479],[-113.796082,41.989104],[-113.76453,41.989459],[-113.500837,41.992799],[-113.496548,41.993305],[-113.431563,41.993799],[-113.40223,41.994161],[-113.396497,41.99425],[-113.357611,41.993859],[-113.340072,41.994747],[-113.250829,41.99561],[-113.249159,41.996203],[-113.000821,41.998223],[-113.00082,41.998223],[-112.979218,41.998263],[-112.909587,41.998791],[-112.882367,41.998922],[-112.880619,41.998921],[-112.833125,41.999345],[-112.833084,41.999305],[-112.788542,41.999681],[-112.709375,42.000309],[-112.648019,42.000307],[-112.450814,42.000953],[-112.450567,42.001092],[-112.38617,42.001126],[-112.264936,42.000991],[-112.239107,42.001217],[-112.192976,42.001167],[-112.173352,41.996568],[-112.163956,41.996708],[-112.109532,41.997598],[-112.01218,41.99835],[-111.915837,41.998519],[-111.915622,41.998496],[-111.876491,41.998528],[-111.750778,41.99933],[-111.507264,41.999518],[-111.471381,41.999739],[-111.425535,42.00084],[-111.420898,42.000793],[-111.415873,42.000748],[-111.046689,42.001567],[-111.045818,41.579845],[-111.045789,41.565571],[-111.046264,41.377731],[-111.0466,41.360692],[-111.046551,41.251716],[-111.046723,40.997959],[-110.750727,40.996847],[-110.715026,40.996347],[-110.539819,40.996346],[-110.500718,40.994746],[-110.375714,40.994947],[-110.250709,40.996089],[-110.237848,40.995427],[-110.125709,40.99655],[-110.121639,40.997101],[-110.048476,40.997555],[-110.006495,40.997815],[-110.000708,40.997352],[-109.999838,40.99733],[-109.97553,40.997912],[-109.855299,40.997614],[-109.854302,40.997661],[-109.715409,40.998191],[-109.713877,40.998266],[-109.676421,40.998395],[-109.534926,40.998143],[-109.500694,40.999127],[-109.250735,41.001009],[-109.231985,41.002059],[-109.173682,41.000859],[-109.050076,41.000659],[-109.048455,40.826081],[-109.049088,40.714562],[-109.048373,40.662602],[-109.048249,40.653601],[-109.048044,40.619231],[-109.050074,40.540358],[-109.049955,40.539901],[-109.050698,40.499963],[-109.050314,40.495092],[-109.050946,40.444368],[-109.050969,40.222662],[-109.050973,40.180849],[-109.050944,40.180712],[-109.050813,40.059579],[-109.050873,40.058915],[-109.050615,39.87497],[-109.05104,39.660472],[-109.051363,39.497674],[-109.050765,39.366677],[-109.051512,39.126095],[-109.052436,38.999985],[-109.053292,38.942878],[-109.053233,38.942467],[-109.053797,38.905284],[-109.053943,38.904414],[-109.054189,38.874984],[-109.057388,38.795456],[-109.059541,38.719888],[-109.060253,38.599328],[-109.059962,38.499987],[-109.060062,38.275489],[-109.054648,38.244921],[-109.041762,38.16469],[-109.041837,38.153022],[-109.04282,37.999301],[-109.042819,37.997068],[-109.043121,37.97426],[-109.041058,37.907236],[-109.041653,37.88117],[-109.041844,37.872788],[-109.041723,37.842051],[-109.041754,37.835826],[-109.041461,37.800105],[-109.042098,37.74999],[-109.041636,37.74021],[-109.04176,37.713182],[-109.041732,37.711214],[-109.042269,37.666067],[-109.042089,37.623795],[-109.042131,37.617662],[-109.041806,37.604171],[-109.041865,37.530726],[-109.041915,37.530653],[-109.043137,37.499992],[-109.043464,37.484711],[-109.04581,37.374993],[-109.046039,37.249993],[-109.045584,37.249351],[-109.045487,37.210844],[-109.045978,37.201831],[-109.045995,37.177279],[-109.045156,37.112064],[-109.045203,37.111958],[-109.045173,37.109464],[-109.045189,37.096271],[-109.044995,37.086429],[-109.045058,37.074661],[-109.045166,37.072742],[-109.045223,36.999084],[-109.181196,36.999271],[-109.233848,36.999266],[-109.246917,36.999346],[-109.26339,36.999263],[-109.268213,36.999242],[-109.270097,36.999266],[-109.378039,36.999135],[-109.381226,36.999148],[-109.495338,36.999105],[-109.625668,36.998308],[-109.875673,36.998504],[-110.000677,36.997968],[-110.000876,36.998502],[-110.021778,36.998602],[-110.47019,36.997997],[-110.490908,37.003566],[-110.50069,37.00426],[-110.599512,37.003448],[-110.625605,37.003416],[-110.62569,37.003721],[-110.75069,37.003197],[-111.066496,37.002389],[-111.133718,37.000779],[-111.254853,37.001077],[-111.278286,37.000465],[-111.405517,37.001497],[-111.405869,37.001481],[-111.412784,37.001478],[-112.35769,37.001025],[-112.368946,37.001125],[-112.534545,37.000684],[-112.538593,37.000674],[-112.540368,37.000669],[-112.545094,37.000734],[-112.558974,37.000692],[-112.609787,37.000753],[-112.899366,37.000319],[-112.966471,37.000219],[-113.965907,36.999976],[-113.965907,37.000025],[-114.0506,37.000396]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Nevada\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"45","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f98bbbe4b0531197afa01e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gardner, Philip M. 0000-0003-3005-3587 pgardner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3005-3587","contributorId":962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"Philip","email":"pgardner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70193569,"text":"70193569 - 2014 - Chemical mixtures in potable water in the U.S.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-30T10:23:35","indexId":"70193569","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Chemical mixtures in potable water in the U.S.","docAbstract":"In recent years, regulators have devoted increasing attention to health risks from exposure to multiple chemicals. In 1996, the US Congress directed the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to study mixtures of chemicals in drinking water, with a particular focus on potential interactions affecting chemicals' joint toxicity. The task is complicated by the number of possible mixtures in drinking water and lack of toxicological data for combinations of chemicals. As one step toward risk assessment and regulation of mixtures, the EPA and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) have proposed to estimate mixtures' toxicity based on the interactions of individual component chemicals. This approach permits the use of existing toxicological data on individual chemicals, but still requires additional information on interactions between chemicals and environmental data on the public's exposure to combinations of chemicals.\n\nLarge compilations of water-quality data have recently become available from federal and state agencies. This chapter demonstrates the use of these environmental data, in combination with the available toxicological data, to explore scenarios for mixture toxicity and develop priorities for future research and regulation. Occurrence data on binary and ternary mixtures of arsenic, cadmium, and manganese are used to parameterize the EPA and ATSDR models for each drinking water source in the dataset. The models' outputs are then mapped at county scale to illustrate the implications of the proposed models for risk assessment and rulemaking. For example, according to the EPA's interaction model, the levels of arsenic and cadmium found in US groundwater are unlikely to have synergistic cardiovascular effects in most areas of the country, but the same mixture's potential for synergistic neurological effects merits further study. Similar analysis could, in future, be used to explore the implications of alternative risk models for the toxicity and interaction of complex mixtures, and to identify the communities with the highest and lowest expected value for regulation of chemical mixtures.","largerWorkTitle":"Comprehensive water quality and purification","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-12-382182-9.00019-0","usgsCitation":"Ryker, S.J., 2014, Chemical mixtures in potable water in the U.S., chap. of Comprehensive water quality and purification, v. 1, p. 267-277, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-382182-9.00019-0.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"267","endPage":"277","ipdsId":"IP-042940","costCenters":[{"id":505,"text":"Office of the AD Climate and Land-Use Change","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349561,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a61003fe4b06e28e9c253b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ryker, Sarah J. 0000-0002-1004-5611 sryker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1004-5611","contributorId":4100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryker","given":"Sarah","email":"sryker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":505,"text":"Office of the AD Climate and Land-Use Change","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70145506,"text":"70145506 - 2014 - Reanalysis of historical U.S. Geological Survey sediment samples for geochemical data from the western part of the Wrangellia terrane, Anchorage, Gulkana, Healy, Mt. Hayes, Nabesna, and Talkeetna Mountains quadrangles, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-12T10:35:45","indexId":"70145506","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"title":"Reanalysis of historical U.S. Geological Survey sediment samples for geochemical data from the western part of the Wrangellia terrane, Anchorage, Gulkana, Healy, Mt. Hayes, Nabesna, and Talkeetna Mountains quadrangles, Alaska","docAbstract":"The State of Alaska’s Strategic and Critical Minerals (SCM) Assessment project, a State-funded Capital Improvement Project (CIP), is designed to evaluate Alaska’s statewide potential for SCM resources. The SCM Assessment is being implemented by the Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (DGGS), and involves obtaining new airborne-geophysical, geological, and geochemical data. For the geochemical part of the SCM Assessment, thousands of historical geochemical samples from DGGS, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and U.S. Bureau of Mines archives are being reanalyzed by DGGS using modern, quantitative, geochemical-analytical methods. The objective is to update the statewide geochemical database to more clearly identify areas in Alaska with SCM potential.
The USGS is also undertaking SCM-related geologic studies in Alaska through the federally funded Alaska Critical Minerals cooperative project. DGGS and USGS share the goal of evaluating Alaska’s strategic and critical minerals potential and together created a Letter of Agreement (signed December 2012) and a supplementary Technical Assistance Agreement (#14CMTAA143458) to facilitate the two agencies’ cooperative work. Under these agreements, DGGS contracted the USGS in Denver to reanalyze historical USGS sediment samples from Alaska.
For this report, DGGS funded reanalysis of 1,682 historical USGS sediment samples from the statewide Alaska Geochemical Database Version 2.0 (AGDB2; Granitto and others, 2013). Samples were chosen from an area covering the western half of the Wrangellia Terrane in the Anchorage, Gulkana, Healy, Mt. Hayes, Nabesna, and Talkeetna Mountains quadrangles of south-central Alaska (fig. 1). USGS was responsible for sample retrieval from the Denver warehouse through the final quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) of the geochemical analyses obtained through the USGS contract lab. The new geochemical data are published in this report as a coauthored DGGS report, and will be incorporated into the statewide geochemical databases of both agencies.
","language":"English","publisher":"State of Alaska Department of Natural Resources Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys","publisherLocation":"Fairbanks, AK","doi":"10.14509/27287","usgsCitation":"Werdon, M., Azain, J.S., and Granitto, M., 2014, Reanalysis of historical U.S. Geological Survey sediment samples for geochemical data from the western part of the Wrangellia terrane, Anchorage, Gulkana, Healy, Mt. Hayes, Nabesna, and Talkeetna Mountains quadrangles, Alaska, Report: 7 p.; 2 data tables; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.14509/27287.","productDescription":"Report: 7 p.; 2 data tables; Metadata","ipdsId":"IP-057006","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472561,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14509/27287","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":342370,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -148.3978271484375,\n 62.87017895189572\n ],\n [\n -148.04626464843747,\n 62.812509053934484\n ],\n [\n -147.645263671875,\n 62.804978549147954\n ],\n [\n -147.293701171875,\n 62.987674719663715\n ],\n [\n -146.83227539062497,\n 63.06491420208559\n ],\n [\n -146.6070556640625,\n 63.09475846224108\n ],\n [\n -146.2884521484375,\n 63.03503931552975\n ],\n [\n -145.98632812499997,\n 63.047490908380944\n ],\n [\n -145.56884765624997,\n 63.13698544979437\n ],\n [\n -145.17333984375,\n 63.03753005973636\n ],\n [\n -144.55810546875003,\n 62.90772883056079\n ],\n [\n -144.44824218749997,\n 62.837596825798705\n ],\n [\n -144.42626953124997,\n 62.65648660480552\n ],\n [\n -143.876953125,\n 62.6665774605533\n ],\n [\n -142.69042968749997,\n 62.40309563163626\n ],\n [\n -142.00927734375,\n 62.59586924223644\n ],\n [\n -142.29492187499997,\n 62.797446117611535\n ],\n [\n -142.55859374999997,\n 63.1171215728033\n ],\n [\n -142.99804687499997,\n 63.27565254855468\n ],\n [\n -143.10791015625003,\n 63.38413977217115\n ],\n [\n -144.22851562499997,\n 63.570565567233515\n ],\n [\n -144.86572265624997,\n 63.746060982839\n ],\n [\n -145.45898437499997,\n 63.82371098103763\n ],\n [\n -146.22802734375,\n 63.78491269738797\n ],\n [\n -146.93115234374997,\n 63.939785803843066\n ],\n [\n -147.12890625,\n 64.10580478684241\n ],\n [\n -147.601318359375,\n 64.239820464092\n ],\n [\n -149.0185546875,\n 64.26845392293136\n ],\n [\n -150.93017578125,\n 63.83582449597636\n ],\n [\n -151.41357421875,\n 63.33734318229696\n ],\n [\n -154.6435546875,\n 62.42598915962207\n ],\n [\n -154.37988281249997,\n 60.41927619598987\n ],\n [\n -151.962890625,\n 60.66241476534369\n ],\n [\n -151.5673828125,\n 62.283255782187034\n ],\n [\n -149.1778564453125,\n 62.82003763233389\n ],\n [\n -148.3978271484375,\n 62.87017895189572\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"593fa839e4b0764e6c62799f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Werdon, Melanie B.","contributorId":53345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Werdon","given":"Melanie B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":544234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Azain, Jaime S. 0000-0002-8256-7494 jsazain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8256-7494","contributorId":5963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Azain","given":"Jaime","email":"jsazain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Granitto, Matthew 0000-0003-3445-4863 granitto@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3445-4863","contributorId":1224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Granitto","given":"Matthew","email":"granitto@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70127908,"text":"70127908 - 2014 - Introduction: Hazard mapping","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-14T15:16:45","indexId":"70127908","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Introduction: Hazard mapping","docAbstract":"Twenty papers were accepted into the session on landslide hazard mapping for oral presentation. The papers presented susceptibility and hazard analysis based on approaches ranging from field-based assessments to statistically based models to assessments that combined hydromechanical and probabilistic components. Many of the studies have taken advantage of increasing availability of remotely sensed data and nearly all relied on Geographic Information Systems to organize and analyze spatial data. The studies used a range of methods for assessing performance and validating hazard and susceptibility models. A few of the studies presented in this session also included some element of landslide risk assessment. This collection of papers clearly demonstrates that a wide range of approaches can lead to useful assessments of landslide susceptibility and hazard.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landslide science for a safer geoenvironment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-05050-8_61","usgsCitation":"Baum, R.L., Miyagi, T., Lee, S., and Trofymchuk, O.M., 2014, Introduction: Hazard mapping, chap. of Landslide science for a safer geoenvironment, p. 395-396, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05050-8_61.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"395","endPage":"396","ipdsId":"IP-055398","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342458,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59424b3be4b0764e6c65dc53","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baum, Rex L. 0000-0001-5337-1970 baum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5337-1970","contributorId":1288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baum","given":"Rex","email":"baum@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miyagi, Toyohiko","contributorId":120758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miyagi","given":"Toyohiko","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, Saro","contributorId":115426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Saro","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Trofymchuk, Oleksandr M","contributorId":118681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trofymchuk","given":"Oleksandr","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70129056,"text":"70129056 - 2014 - Optimally managing water resources in large river basins for an uncertain future","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-14T08:25:43","indexId":"70129056","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Optimally managing water resources in large river basins for an uncertain future","docAbstract":"Managers of large river basins face conflicting needs for water resources such as wildlife habitat, water supply, wastewater assimilative capacity, flood control, hydroelectricity, and recreation. The Savannah River Basin for example, has experienced three major droughts since 2000 that resulted in record low water levels in its reservoirs, impacting local economies for years. The Savannah River Basin’s coastal area contains municipal water intakes and the ecologically sensitive freshwater tidal marshes of the Savannah National Wildlife Refuge. The Port of Savannah is the fourth busiest in the United States, and modifications to the harbor have caused saltwater to migrate upstream, reducing the freshwater marsh’s acreage more than 50 percent since the 1970s. There is a planned deepening of the harbor that includes flow-alteration features to minimize further migration of salinity. The effectiveness of the flow-alteration features will only be known after they are constructed.\r\n One of the challenges of basin management is the optimization of water use through ongoing development, droughts, and climate change. This paper describes a model of the Savannah River Basin designed to continuously optimize regulated flow to meet prioritized objectives set by resource managers and stakeholders. The model was developed from historical data by using machine learning, making it more accurate and adaptable to changing conditions than traditional models. The model is coupled to an optimization routine that computes the daily flow needed to most efficiently meet the water-resource management objectives. The model and optimization routine are packaged in a decision support system that makes it easy for managers and stakeholders to use. Simulation results show that flow can be regulated to significantly reduce salinity intrusions in the Savannah National Wildlife Refuge while conserving more water in the reservoirs. A method for using the model to assess the effectiveness of the flow-alteration features after the deepening also is demonstrated\r\n","conferenceTitle":"2014 South Carolina Water Resources Conference","conferenceDate":"October 15-16, 2014","conferenceLocation":"Columbia, SC","publisher":"Proceedings of the 2014 South Carolina Water Resources Conference","usgsCitation":"Edwin A. Roehl, J., and Conrads, P., 2014, Optimally managing water resources in large river basins for an uncertain future, 6 p.","productDescription":"6 p.","ipdsId":"IP-059707","costCenters":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342456,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295418,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/scwrc/"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Savannah River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.1669921875,\n 31.781882156411022\n ],\n [\n -80.804443359375,\n 31.781882156411022\n ],\n [\n -80.804443359375,\n 32.24300560401558\n ],\n [\n -81.1669921875,\n 32.24300560401558\n ],\n [\n -81.1669921875,\n 31.781882156411022\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59424b3be4b0764e6c65dc4f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edwin A. Roehl, Jr.","contributorId":121477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwin A. Roehl","given":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conrads, Paul 0000-0003-0408-4208 pconrads@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0408-4208","contributorId":764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrads","given":"Paul","email":"pconrads@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70189079,"text":"70189079 - 2014 - The environmental and medical geochemistry of potentially hazardous materials produced by disasters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-29T17:27:11","indexId":"70189079","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The environmental and medical geochemistry of potentially hazardous materials produced by disasters","docAbstract":"Many natural or human-caused disasters release potentially hazardous materials (HM) that may pose threats to the environment and health of exposed humans, wildlife, and livestock. This chapter summarizes the environmentally and toxicologically significant physical, mineralogical, and geochemical characteristics of materials produced by a wide variety of recent disasters, such as volcanic eruptions, hurricanes and extreme storms, spills of mining/mineral-processing wastes or coal extraction by-products, and the 2001 attacks on and collapse of the World Trade Center towers. In describing these characteristics, this chapter also illustrates the important roles that geochemists and other earth scientists can play in environmental disaster response and preparedness. In addition to characterizing in detail the physical, chemical, and microbial makeup of HM generated by the disasters, these roles also include (1) identifying and discriminating potential multiple sources of the materials; (2) monitoring, mapping, and modeling dispersal and evolution of the materials in the environment; (3) understanding how the materials are modified by environmental processes; (4) identifying key characteristics and processes that influence the materials' toxicity to exposed humans and ecosystems; (5) estimating shifts away from predisaster environmental baseline conditions; and (6) using geochemical insights learned from past disasters to help estimate, prepare for, and increase societal resilience to the environmental and related health impacts of future disasters.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Treatise on Geochemistry","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-08-095975-7.00907-4","usgsCitation":"Plumlee, G.S., Morman, S.A., Meeker, G., Hoefen, T.M., Hageman, P.L., and Wolf, R.E., 2014, The environmental and medical geochemistry of potentially hazardous materials produced by disasters, chap. of Treatise on Geochemistry, p. 257-304, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-095975-7.00907-4.","productDescription":"48 p.","startPage":"257","endPage":"304","ipdsId":"IP-038216","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343197,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595611bde4b0d1f9f0506788","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plumlee, Geoffrey S. 0000-0002-9607-5626 gplumlee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9607-5626","contributorId":960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumlee","given":"Geoffrey","email":"gplumlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morman, Suzette A. 0000-0002-2532-1033 smorman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2532-1033","contributorId":996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morman","given":"Suzette","email":"smorman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meeker, G.P.","contributorId":34539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meeker","given":"G.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hoefen, Todd M. 0000-0002-3083-5987 thoefen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-5987","contributorId":403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoefen","given":"Todd","email":"thoefen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hageman, Philip L. 0000-0002-3440-2150 phageman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3440-2150","contributorId":811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hageman","given":"Philip","email":"phageman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wolf, Ruth E. rwolf@usgs.gov","contributorId":903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"Ruth","email":"rwolf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70174581,"text":"70174581 - 2014 - Using dissolved organic matter age and composition to detect permafrost thaw in boreal watersheds of interior Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-13T16:29:50","indexId":"70174581","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2320,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using dissolved organic matter age and composition to detect permafrost thaw in boreal watersheds of interior Alaska","docAbstract":"Recent warming at high latitudes has accelerated permafrost thaw, which can modify soil carbon dynamics and watershed hydrology. The flux and composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from soils to rivers are sensitive to permafrost configuration and its impact on subsurface hydrology and groundwater discharge. Here, we evaluate the utility of DOM composition and age as a tool for detecting permafrost thaw in three rivers (Beaver, Birch, and Hess Creeks) within the discontinuous permafrost zone of interior Alaska. We observed strong temporal controls on Δ14C content of hydrophobic acid isolates (Δ14C-HPOA) across all rivers, with the most enriched values occurring during spring snowmelt (75 ± 8‰) and most depleted during winter flow (−21 ± 8‰). Radiocarbon ages of winter flow samples ranged from 35 to 445 yr BP, closely tracking estimated median base flow travel times for this region (335 years). During spring snowmelt, young DOM was composed of highly aromatic, high molecular-weight compounds, whereas older DOM of winter flow had lower aromaticity and molecular weight. We observed a significant correlation between Δ14C-HPOA and UV absorbance coefficient at 254 nm (α254) across all study rivers. Usingα254 as an optical indicator for Δ14C-HPOA, we also observed a long-term decline in α254 during maximum annual thaw depth over the last decade at the Hess Creek study site. These findings suggest a shift in watershed hydrology associated with increasing active layer thickness. Further development of DOM optical indicators may serve as a novel and inexpensive tool for detecting permafrost degradation in northern watersheds.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1002/2014JG002695","usgsCitation":"O’Donnell, J.A., Aiken, G.R., Walvoord, M.A., Raymond, P.A., Butler, K.D., Dornblaser, M.M., and Heckman, K., 2014, Using dissolved organic matter age and composition to detect permafrost thaw in boreal watersheds of interior Alaska: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, v. 119, no. 11, p. 2155-2170, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JG002695.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"2155","endPage":"2170","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059818","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472563,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014jg002695","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":325230,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -152.666015625,\n 64.08660677881706\n ],\n [\n -152.666015625,\n 66.94297196713592\n ],\n [\n -143.470458984375,\n 66.94297196713592\n ],\n [\n -143.470458984375,\n 64.08660677881706\n ],\n [\n -152.666015625,\n 64.08660677881706\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"119","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-11-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57876633e4b0d27deb36e1ce","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/2014jg002695","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014jg002695","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"O'Donnell Jonathan A., Aiken George R., Walvoord Michelle A., Raymond Peter A., Butler Kenna D., Dornblaser Mark M., Heckman Katherine","journalName":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences","publicationDate":"11/2014","auditedOn":"11/23/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Donnell, Jonathan A.","contributorId":84138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Donnell","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aiken, George R. 0000-0001-8454-0984 graiken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":1322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","email":"graiken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walvoord, Michelle Ann 0000-0003-4269-8366 walvoord@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4269-8366","contributorId":147211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walvoord","given":"Michelle","email":"walvoord@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Raymond, Peter A.","contributorId":47627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raymond","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Butler, Kenna D. kebutler@usgs.gov","contributorId":3283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"Kenna","email":"kebutler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":642368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dornblaser, Mark M. 0000-0002-6298-3757 mmdornbl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6298-3757","contributorId":1636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dornblaser","given":"Mark","email":"mmdornbl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Heckman, Katherine","contributorId":172877,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heckman","given":"Katherine","affiliations":[{"id":27110,"text":"U.S. Dept of Agriculture, Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70194329,"text":"70194329 - 2014 - Magmatism, metasomatism, tectonism, and mineralization in the Humboldt Range, Pershing County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-29T12:35:31","indexId":"70194329","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"seriesNumber":"Special Publication 58","title":"Magmatism, metasomatism, tectonism, and mineralization in the Humboldt Range, Pershing County, Nevada","docAbstract":"Introduction \r\nThe Humboldt Range, Pershing County, Nevada, predominantly consists of Mesozoic igneous and sedimentary rocks that were modified several times by magmatism, metasomatism, and tectonism, and contain a variety of metallic (Ag, Au, Pb, Zn, Sb, W, Hg) and non-metallic (dumortierite, pinite, fluorite) mineral deposits (Knopf, 1924; Kerr and Jenney, 1935; Kerr, 1938; Cameron, 1939; Campbell, 1939; Kerr, 1940; Page et al., 1940; Johnson, 1977; Vikre, 1978; 1981; Crosby, 2012). Early Triassic Koipato Group volcanic rocks, which are widely exposed in the range, have been altered to quartz, muscovite (sericite), chlorite, pyrite, and other minerals during emplacement of Mesozoic intrusions and by crustal thickening. Most hydrothermal alteration of volcanic rocks and formation of mineral deposits involved externally derived water and other volatiles, although some volcanic strata were apparently altered by pore or dehydration water. Cospatial hydrothermal mineral assemblages and associations, produced by events widely spaced in time, are difficult to separate because of common mineralogy (quartz, sericite, and pyrite), partial to complete recrystallization, thermally compromised Ar geochronology, and lack of comprehensive investigations of volatile sources and deformational fabric. Distinguishing between metasomatic and metamorphic processes that affected rocks in the Humboldt Range is not straightforward.","language":"English","publisher":"Geolgical Society of Nevada","usgsCitation":"Vikre, P.G., 2014, Magmatism, metasomatism, tectonism, and mineralization in the Humboldt Range, Pershing County, Nevada, 14 p.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"179","endPage":"192","ipdsId":"IP-055273","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349526,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":349525,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://gsnv.org/publications/?itemid=SP-58"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Pershing County","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a61003fe4b06e28e9c253b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vikre, Peter G. 0000-0001-7895-5972 pvikre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7895-5972","contributorId":139033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vikre","given":"Peter","email":"pvikre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":723321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70191534,"text":"70191534 - 2014 - Micro-seismicity and seismic moment release within the Coso Geothermal Field, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T15:02:52","indexId":"70191534","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Micro-seismicity and seismic moment release within the Coso Geothermal Field, California","docAbstract":"We relocate 16 years of seismicity in the Coso Geothermal Field (CGF) using differential travel times and simultaneously invert for seismic velocities to improve our knowledge of the subsurface geologic and hydrologic structure. We expand on our previous results by doubling the number of relocated events from April 1996 through May 2012 using a new field-wide 3-D velocity model. Relocated micro-seismicity sharpens in many portions of the active geothermal reservoir, likely defining large-scale fault zones and fluid pressure compartment boundaries. However, a significant fraction of seismicity remains diffuse and does not cluster into sharply defined structures, suggesting that permeability is maintained within the reservoir through distributed brittle failure. The seismic velocity structure reveals heterogeneous distributions of compressional (Vp) and shear (Vs) wave speed, with Vs generally higher in the Main Field and East Flank and Vp remaining relatively uniform across the CGF, but with significant local variations. The Vp/Vs ratio appears to outline the two main producing compartments of the reservoir at depths below mean ground level of approximately 1 to 2.5 km, with a ridge of relatively high Vp/Vs separating the Main Field from the East Flank. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal variations in earthquake relocations and cumulative seismic moment release in the East Flank reveal three regions with persistently high rates of seismic activity. Two of these regions exhibit sharp, stationary boundaries at the margins of the East Flank that likely represent barriers to fluid flow and advective heat transport. However, seismicity and moment release in a third region at the northern end of the East Flank spread over time to form an elongated NE to SW structure, roughly parallel both to an elongated cluster of seismicity at the southern end of the East Flank and to regional fault traces mapped at the surface. Our results indicate that high-precision relocations of micro-seismicity and simultaneous velocity inversions in conjunction with mapping of seismic moment release can provide useful insights into subsurface structural features and hydrologic compartmentalization within the Coso Geothermal Field.","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings, Thirty-Ninth Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"Thirty-Ninth Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering","conferenceDate":"February 24-26, 2014","conferenceLocation":"Stanford, California","language":"English","publisher":"Stanford University","usgsCitation":"Kaven, J., Hickman, S.H., and Davatzes, N.C., 2014, Micro-seismicity and seismic moment release within the Coso Geothermal Field, California, in Proceedings, Thirty-Ninth Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering, Stanford, California, February 24-26, 2014, 10 p.","productDescription":"10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-054842","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350340,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":" Coso Geothermal Field","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.84,\n 35.95\n ],\n [\n -117.76,\n 35.95\n ],\n [\n -117.76,\n 36.1\n ],\n [\n -117.84,\n 36.1\n ],\n [\n -117.84,\n 35.95\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a61003fe4b06e28e9c253ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kaven, J. Ole 0000-0003-2625-2786 okaven@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2625-2786","contributorId":3993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaven","given":"J. Ole","email":"okaven@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":712667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hickman, Stephen H. 0000-0003-2075-9615 hickman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2075-9615","contributorId":2705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickman","given":"Stephen","email":"hickman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":712669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davatzes, Nicholas C.","contributorId":138855,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davatzes","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":12547,"text":"Temple University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":712668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70188498,"text":"70188498 - 2014 - Volcanoes of the passive margin: The youngest magmatic event in eastern North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-31T10:07:39","indexId":"70188498","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volcanoes of the passive margin: The youngest magmatic event in eastern North America","docAbstract":"The rifted eastern North American margin (ENAM) provides important clues to the long-term evolution of continental margins. An Eocene volcanic swarm exposed in the Appalachian Valley and Ridge Province of Virginia and West Virginia (USA) contains the youngest known igneous rocks in the ENAM. These magmas provide the only window into the most recent deep processes contributing to the postrift evolution of this margin. Here we present new 40Ar/39Ar ages, geochemical data, and radiogenic isotopes that constrain the melting conditions and the timing of emplacement. Modeling of the melting conditions on primitive basalts yielded an average temperature and pressure of 1412 ± 25 °C and 2.32 ± 0.31 GPa, corresponding to a mantle potential temperature of ∼1410 °C, suggesting melting conditions slightly higher than average mantle temperatures beneath mid-ocean ridges. When compared with magmas from Atlantic hotspots, the Eocene ENAM samples share isotopic signatures with the Azores and Cape Verde. This similarity suggests the possibility of a large-scale dissemination of similar sources in the upper mantle left over from the opening of the Atlantic Ocean. Asthenosphere upwelling related to localized lithospheric delamination is a possible process that can explain the intraplate signature of these magmas that lack evidence of a thermal anomaly. This process can also explain the Cenozoic dynamic topography and evidence of rejuvenation of the central Appalachians.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/G35407.1","usgsCitation":"Mazza, S., Gazel, E., Johnson, E., Kunk, M.J., McAleer, R., Spotila, J.A., Bizimis, M., and Coleman, D.S., 2014, Volcanoes of the passive margin: The youngest magmatic event in eastern North America: Geology, v. 42, no. 6, p. 483-486, https://doi.org/10.1130/G35407.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"483","endPage":"486","ipdsId":"IP-053403","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342480,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"42","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59424b3ae4b0764e6c65dc44","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mazza, Sarah E","contributorId":192875,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mazza","given":"Sarah E","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gazel, Esteban","contributorId":192876,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gazel","given":"Esteban","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Elizabeth A","contributorId":192877,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Elizabeth A","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kunk, Michael J. 0000-0003-4424-7825 mkunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4424-7825","contributorId":200968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunk","given":"Michael","email":"mkunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McAleer, Ryan J. 0000-0003-3801-7441 rmcaleer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3801-7441","contributorId":5301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAleer","given":"Ryan J.","email":"rmcaleer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":698023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Spotila, James A","contributorId":192878,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spotila","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bizimis, Michael","contributorId":192879,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bizimis","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Coleman, Drew S","contributorId":192880,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coleman","given":"Drew","email":"","middleInitial":"S","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70190268,"text":"70190268 - 2014 - Effects of fine sediment, hyporheic flow, and spawning site characteristics on survival and development of bull trout embryos","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-24T10:55:06","indexId":"70190268","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of fine sediment, hyporheic flow, and spawning site characteristics on survival and development of bull trout embryos","docAbstract":"Successful spawning is imperative for the persistence of salmonid populations, but relatively little research has been conducted to evaluate factors affecting early life-stage survival for bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus), a threatened char. We conducted a field experiment to assess the relationship between site-specific environmental factors and bull trout embryo survival and fry emergence timing. Survival from egg to hatch was negatively related to percent fine sediment (<1 mm) in the redd and positively related to the strength of downwelling at spawning sites. Survival of eggs to fry emergence was also negatively related to fine sediment, and the best statistical models included additional variables that described the rate of downwelling and intragravel flow within the incubation environment. Fry emerged at an earlier stage in development from redds with high percentages of fine sediment. Increased hydraulic conductivity via redd construction and selection of spawning sites with strong downwelling appear to enhance hyporheic flow rates and bull trout egg survival, but early life-stage success may ultimately be limited by intrusion of fine sediment into the incubation environment.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2013-0372","usgsCitation":"Bowerman, T., Neilson, B., and Budy, P., 2014, Effects of fine sediment, hyporheic flow, and spawning site characteristics on survival and development of bull trout embryos: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 71, no. 7, p. 1059-1071, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2013-0372.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1059","endPage":"1071","ipdsId":"IP-049185","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345023,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Canyon Creek, Jack Creek, Jefferson Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.4755859375,\n 43.197167282501276\n ],\n [\n -120.14648437499999,\n 43.197167282501276\n ],\n [\n -120.14648437499999,\n 44.96479793033104\n ],\n [\n -122.4755859375,\n 44.96479793033104\n ],\n [\n -122.4755859375,\n 43.197167282501276\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"71","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"599d42c3e4b0b5892680304f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bowerman, Tracy","contributorId":95796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowerman","given":"Tracy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":708221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neilson, Bethany","contributorId":178798,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neilson","given":"Bethany","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":708222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Budy, Phaedra E. 0000-0002-9918-1678 pbudy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9918-1678","contributorId":140028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budy","given":"Phaedra","email":"pbudy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":708220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70194330,"text":"70194330 - 2014 - Concealed basalt-matrix diatremes with Cu-Au-Ag-(Mo)-mineralized xenoliths, Santa Cruz Porphyry Cu-(Mo) System, Pinal County, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-29T10:02:12","indexId":"70194330","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Concealed basalt-matrix diatremes with Cu-Au-Ag-(Mo)-mineralized xenoliths, Santa Cruz Porphyry Cu-(Mo) System, Pinal County, Arizona","docAbstract":"The Santa Cruz porphyry Cu-(Mo) system near Casa Grande, Arizona, includes the Sacaton mine deposits and at least five other concealed, mineralized fault blocks with an estimated minimum resource of 1.5 Gt @ 0.6% Cu. The Late Cretaceous-Paleocene system has been dismembered and rotated by Tertiary extension, partially eroded, and covered by Tertiary-Quaternary basin-fill deposits. The mine and mineralized fault blocks, which form an 11 km (~7 miles) by 1.6 km (~1 mile) NE-SW–trending alignment, represent either pieces of one large deposit, several deposits, or pieces of several deposits. The southwestern part of the known system is penetrated by three or more diatremes that consist of heterolithic breccia pipes with basalt and clastic matrices, and subannular tuff ring and maar-fill sedimentary deposits associated with vents. The tephra and maar-fill deposits, which are covered by ~485 to 910 m (~1,600–3,000 ft) of basin fill, lie on a mid-Tertiary erosion surface of Middle Proterozoic granite and Late Cretaceous porphyry, which compose most xenoliths in pipes and are the host rocks of the system. Some igneous xenoliths in the pipes contain bornite-chalcopyrite-covellite assemblages with hypogene grades >1 wt % Cu, 0.01 ounces per ton (oz/t) Au, 0.5 oz/t Ag, and small amounts of Mo (<0.01 wt %). These xenoliths were derived from mineralized rocks that have not been encountered in drill holes, and attest to additional, possibly higher-grade deposits within or subjacent to the known system.
The geometry, stratigraphy, and temporal relationships of pipes and tephras, interpreted from drill hole spacing and intercepts, multigenerational breccias and matrices, reequilibrated and partially decomposed sulfide-oxide mineral assemblages, melted xenoliths, and breccia matrix compositions show that the diatremes formed in repeated stages. Initial pulses of basalt magma fractured granite, porphyry, and other crustal rocks during intrusion, transported multi-sized fragments of these rocks upward, and partially melted small fragments. Rapid decompression of magma induced catastrophic devolatilization that ruptured overlying rocks to the surface, and generated fragment-volatile suspensions that abraded conduits into near-vertical cylindrical structures. Fragments entrained in suspensions were milled and sorted, and ejected as basal surge, pyroclastic deposits, and airfall tephra that built tuff rings around vents and filled vent depressions. Comminuted m- to mm-sized fragments of wall rocks in magma and suspensions that remained in conduits solidified as heterolithic breccias. Subsequent pulses of basalt magma ascended through the same conduits, brecciated older heterolithic breccias, devolatilized, and quenched, leaving two or more generations of nested and mingled heterolithic breccias and internal zones of fluidized fragments. Tephra and maar-fill deposits from later eruptions are composed of more hydrous and oxidized minerals than earlier tephras, reflecting a higher proportion of water in transport fluid which, based on fluid inclusion populations in mineralized xenoliths, was saline water and CO2. The large vertical extent (~600 m; ~2,000 ft) of basalt matrix in pipes, near-paleosurface matrix vesiculation, and plastically deformed basalt lapilli indicates that diatreme eruptions were predominantly phreatic.
Diatreme xenoliths represent crustal stratigraphy and, as in the Santa Cruz system, provide evidence of concealed mineral resources that can guide exploration drilling through cover. Vectors to the source of bornite-dominant xenoliths containing >1% Cu and significant Au and Ag could be determined by refinement of breccia pipe geometries, by reassembly of mineralized fault blocks using modal, chemical, and temporal characteristics of hydrothermal mineral assemblages and fluid inclusions, and by paleodrainage analysis.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/econgeo.109.5.1271","usgsCitation":"Vikre, P.G., Graybeal, F., and Koutz, F.R., 2014, Concealed basalt-matrix diatremes with Cu-Au-Ag-(Mo)-mineralized xenoliths, Santa Cruz Porphyry Cu-(Mo) System, Pinal County, Arizona: Economic Geology, v. 109, no. 5, p. 1271-1289, https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.109.5.1271.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1271","endPage":"1289","ipdsId":"IP-050076","costCenters":[{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349446,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","county":"Pinal County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-110.4491,33.1944],[-110.4484,32.5144],[-110.5485,32.5139],[-110.685,32.5147],[-110.6942,32.5143],[-110.7045,32.5145],[-110.7562,32.5146],[-110.8405,32.5136],[-110.8405,32.5114],[-110.8546,32.512],[-110.9509,32.5124],[-111.0634,32.5121],[-111.0982,32.5119],[-111.1547,32.5114],[-111.1548,32.5028],[-111.2054,32.5027],[-111.2228,32.5028],[-111.2625,32.5031],[-111.4468,32.5023],[-111.4642,32.5019],[-111.4712,32.5019],[-111.5674,32.5019],[-111.5674,32.5069],[-111.5875,32.507],[-111.655,32.5067],[-111.6723,32.5063],[-111.7218,32.5065],[-111.7397,32.507],[-111.7566,32.5065],[-111.7898,32.5066],[-111.7936,32.5066],[-112.0996,32.5077],[-112.2029,32.5071],[-112.2021,32.5955],[-112.2022,32.6405],[-112.2023,32.682],[-112.2023,32.6952],[-112.2024,32.7221],[-112.2025,32.7553],[-112.2025,32.7699],[-112.2025,32.7817],[-112.2026,32.7922],[-112.202,32.799],[-112.2021,32.8241],[-112.2016,32.8568],[-112.2023,32.8869],[-112.2018,32.9324],[-112.2013,32.9434],[-112.2019,32.9443],[-112.2014,32.9884],[-112.2014,33.0034],[-112.2015,33.0317],[-112.1999,33.0317],[-112.2,33.0772],[-112.2,33.0913],[-112.1995,33.1068],[-112.2001,33.119],[-112.2002,33.165],[-112.1998,33.2064],[-112.2004,33.2483],[-112.1999,33.2633],[-112.2,33.2915],[-112.2017,33.2915],[-112.2011,33.3079],[-112.1989,33.3061],[-112.1973,33.302],[-112.1962,33.2965],[-112.1951,33.2902],[-112.1912,33.2806],[-112.189,33.2774],[-112.184,33.2743],[-112.1807,33.2715],[-112.1785,33.2683],[-112.1785,33.2643],[-112.1752,33.2597],[-112.1719,33.2588],[-112.1692,33.257],[-112.1653,33.2584],[-112.1609,33.2579],[-112.1554,33.2543],[-112.1533,33.2547],[-112.1505,33.2561],[-112.1445,33.2552],[-112.1428,33.2552],[-112.1395,33.2538],[-112.1384,33.252],[-112.1373,33.2498],[-112.1395,33.2452],[-112.1379,33.2425],[-112.1346,33.2397],[-112.1324,33.2393],[-112.1307,33.2379],[-112.1285,33.2384],[-112.1247,33.2384],[-112.1214,33.2375],[-112.1176,33.2343],[-112.1148,33.2352],[-112.1093,33.2343],[-112.1055,33.2352],[-112.1038,33.2334],[-112.0984,33.2284],[-112.0956,33.2275],[-112.0945,33.2275],[-112.0912,33.2275],[-112.0896,33.2243],[-112.089,33.2211],[-112.0874,33.2184],[-112.0874,33.2143],[-112.0857,33.2107],[-112.083,33.2098],[-112.0813,33.2084],[-112.0764,33.2052],[-111.8905,33.2038],[-111.6832,33.2048],[-111.58,33.2054],[-111.5819,33.3801],[-111.5786,33.3806],[-111.5792,33.4661],[-111.5099,33.4658],[-111.4741,33.4661],[-111.4576,33.466],[-111.4405,33.4664],[-111.0647,33.4649],[-111.0344,33.4651],[-111.0262,33.4518],[-111.0032,33.4043],[-110.993,33.3846],[-110.986,33.3722],[-110.9759,33.344],[-110.9616,33.3033],[-110.9537,33.281],[-110.9431,33.2527],[-110.8814,33.1506],[-110.8723,33.1359],[-110.8632,33.1208],[-110.8547,33.1062],[-110.852,33.1016],[-110.8456,33.0924],[-110.8365,33.0782],[-110.807,33.0337],[-110.8006,33.0228],[-110.7807,32.9862],[-110.7643,32.9873],[-110.763,33.0047],[-110.7563,33.0054],[-110.7459,33.0101],[-110.7277,33.0271],[-110.7268,33.0281],[-110.7265,33.0292],[-110.7274,33.0359],[-110.7217,33.0425],[-110.715,33.0426],[-110.7146,33.0508],[-110.7245,33.0702],[-110.7197,33.0764],[-110.7102,33.0814],[-110.7054,33.0837],[-110.6913,33.077],[-110.6889,33.0783],[-110.6868,33.0814],[-110.6866,33.084],[-110.6866,33.0861],[-110.6842,33.0882],[-110.6822,33.0894],[-110.6831,33.099],[-110.678,33.1118],[-110.664,33.119],[-110.6615,33.1193],[-110.6605,33.1118],[-110.6552,33.1138],[-110.6375,33.1344],[-110.6329,33.142],[-110.6084,33.1432],[-110.5984,33.1385],[-110.5847,33.1381],[-110.5668,33.1447],[-110.5504,33.1529],[-110.5488,33.157],[-110.5446,33.1678],[-110.543,33.1687],[-110.535,33.1608],[-110.5308,33.1596],[-110.5284,33.1589],[-110.5278,33.1589],[-110.5266,33.1595],[-110.5244,33.161],[-110.525,33.1633],[-110.5262,33.164],[-110.5285,33.1639],[-110.5297,33.1639],[-110.5319,33.1646],[-110.5325,33.1657],[-110.5322,33.1679],[-110.5269,33.1711],[-110.5251,33.178],[-110.5216,33.1783],[-110.5192,33.1786],[-110.5149,33.1804],[-110.509,33.1839],[-110.5039,33.1857],[-110.4762,33.1829],[-110.4644,33.1834],[-110.4608,33.1852],[-110.463,33.1925],[-110.4531,33.1984],[-110.4491,33.1944]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Pinal\",\"state\":\"AZ\"}}]}","volume":"109","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a61003fe4b06e28e9c253ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vikre, Peter G. 0000-0001-7895-5972 pvikre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7895-5972","contributorId":139033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vikre","given":"Peter","email":"pvikre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":723325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Graybeal, Frederick","contributorId":139000,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Graybeal","given":"Frederick","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12586,"text":"Consultant","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":723326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koutz, Fleetwood R.","contributorId":200782,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koutz","given":"Fleetwood","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70189604,"text":"70189604 - 2014 - Preslip and cascade processes initiating laboratory stick slip","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-19T10:21:04","indexId":"70189604","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preslip and cascade processes initiating laboratory stick slip","docAbstract":"Recent modeling studies have explored whether earthquakes begin with a large aseismic nucleation process or initiate dynamically from the rapid growth of a smaller instability in a “cascade-up” process. To explore such a case in the laboratory, we study the initiation of dynamic rupture (stick slip) of a smooth saw-cut fault in a 76mm diameter cylindrical granite laboratory sample at 40–120MPa confining pressure. We use a high dynamic range recording system to directly compare the seismic waves radiated during the stick-slip event to those radiated from tiny (M _6) discrete seismic events, commonly known as acoustic emissions (AEs), that occur in the seconds prior to each large stick slip. The seismic moments, focal mechanisms, locations, and timing of the AEs all contribute to our understanding of their mechanics and provide us with information about the stick-slip nucleation process. In a sequence of 10 stick slips, the first few microseconds of the signals recorded from stick-slip instabilities are nearly indistinguishable from those of premonitory AEs. In this sense, it appears that each stick slip begins as an AE event that rapidly (~20 μs) grows about 2 orders of magnitude in linear dimension and ruptures the entire 150mm length of the simulated fault. We also measure accelerating fault slip in the final seconds before stick slip. We estimate that this slip is at least 98% aseismic and that it both weakens the fault and produces AEs that will eventually cascade-up to initiate the larger dynamic rupture.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2014JB011220","usgsCitation":"McLaskey, G.C., and Lockner, D.A., 2014, Preslip and cascade processes initiating laboratory stick slip: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 119, no. 8, p. 6323-6336, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JB011220.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"6323","endPage":"6336","ipdsId":"IP-056385","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472560,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014jb011220","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":344031,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"119","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59706fbbe4b0d1f9f065a8e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McLaskey, Gregory C. gmclaskey@usgs.gov","contributorId":4112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLaskey","given":"Gregory","email":"gmclaskey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lockner, David A. 0000-0001-8630-6833 dlockner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8630-6833","contributorId":567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockner","given":"David","email":"dlockner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70193835,"text":"70193835 - 2014 - Can managers compensate for coyote predation of white-tailed deer?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-13T17:54:06","indexId":"70193835","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Can managers compensate for coyote predation of white-tailed deer?","docAbstract":"Many studies have documented that coyotes (Canis latrans) are the greatest source of natural mortality for white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) neonates (<3 months old). With the range expansion of coyotes eastward in North America, many stakeholders are concerned that coyote predation may be affecting deer populations adversely. We hypothesized that declines in neonate survival, perhaps caused by increasing coyote predation, could be offset by adjusting or eliminating antlerless harvest allocations. We used a stochastic, age-based population simulation model to evaluate combinations of low neonate survival rates, severe winters, and low adult deer survival rates to determine the effectiveness of reduced antlerless harvest at stabilizing deer populations. We found that even in regions with high winter mortality, reduced antlerless harvest rates could stabilize deer populations with recruitment and survival rates reported in the literature. When neonate survival rates were low (25%) and yearling and adult female survival rates were reduced by 10%, elimination of antlerless harvests failed to stabilize populations. Our results suggest increased deer mortality from coyotes can be addressed through reduced hunting harvest of adult female deer in most circumstances throughout eastern North America. However, specific knowledge of adult female survival rates is important for making management decisions in areas where both neonate and adult survival may be affected by predation and other mortality factors.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.693","usgsCitation":"Robinson, K., Diefenbach, D.R., Fuller, A.K., Hurst, J.E., and Rosenberry, C.S., 2014, Can managers compensate for coyote predation of white-tailed deer?: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 78, no. 4, p. 571-579, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.693.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"571","endPage":"579","ipdsId":"IP-048973","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348415,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-66.28243,18.51476],[-65.7713,18.42668],[-65.591,18.22803],[-65.84716,17.97591],[-66.59993,17.98182],[-67.18416,17.94655],[-67.24243,18.37446],[-67.10068,18.5206],[-66.28243,18.51476]]],[[[-155.54211,19.08348],[-155.68817,18.91619],[-155.93665,19.05939],[-155.90806,19.33888],[-156.07347,19.70294],[-156.02368,19.81422],[-155.85008,19.97729],[-155.91907,20.17395],[-155.86108,20.26721],[-155.78505,20.2487],[-155.40214,20.07975],[-155.22452,19.99302],[-155.06226,19.8591],[-154.80741,19.50871],[-154.83147,19.45328],[-155.22217,19.23972],[-155.54211,19.08348]]],[[[-156.07926,20.64397],[-156.41445,20.57241],[-156.58673,20.783],[-156.70167,20.8643],[-156.71055,20.92676],[-156.61258,21.01249],[-156.25711,20.91745],[-155.99566,20.76404],[-156.07926,20.64397]]],[[[-156.75824,21.17684],[-156.78933,21.06873],[-157.32521,21.09777],[-157.25027,21.21958],[-156.75824,21.17684]]],[[[-157.65283,21.32217],[-157.70703,21.26442],[-157.7786,21.27729],[-158.12667,21.31244],[-158.2538,21.53919],[-158.29265,21.57912],[-158.0252,21.71696],[-157.94161,21.65272],[-157.65283,21.32217]]],[[[-159.34512,21.982],[-159.46372,21.88299],[-159.80051,22.06533],[-159.74877,22.1382],[-159.5962,22.23618],[-159.36569,22.21494],[-159.34512,21.982]]],[[[-94.81758,49.38905],[-94.64,48.84],[-94.32914,48.67074],[-93.63087,48.60926],[-92.61,48.45],[-91.64,48.14],[-90.83,48.27],[-89.6,48.01],[-89.27292,48.01981],[-88.37811,48.30292],[-87.43979,47.94],[-86.46199,47.55334],[-85.65236,47.22022],[-84.87608,46.90008],[-84.77924,46.6371],[-84.54375,46.53868],[-84.6049,46.4396],[-84.3367,46.40877],[-84.14212,46.51223],[-84.09185,46.27542],[-83.89077,46.11693],[-83.61613,46.11693],[-83.46955,45.99469],[-83.59285,45.81689],[-82.55092,45.34752],[-82.33776,44.44],[-82.13764,43.57109],[-82.43,42.98],[-82.9,42.43],[-83.12,42.08],[-83.142,41.97568],[-83.02981,41.8328],[-82.69009,41.67511],[-82.43928,41.67511],[-81.27775,42.20903],[-80.24745,42.3662],[-78.93936,42.86361],[-78.92,42.965],[-79.01,43.27],[-79.17167,43.46634],[-78.72028,43.62509],[-77.73789,43.62906],[-76.82003,43.62878],[-76.5,44.01846],[-76.375,44.09631],[-75.31821,44.81645],[-74.867,45.00048],[-73.34783,45.00738],[-71.50506,45.0082],[-71.405,45.255],[-71.08482,45.30524],[-70.66,45.46],[-70.305,45.915],[-69.99997,46.69307],[-69.23722,47.44778],[-68.905,47.185],[-68.23444,47.35486],[-67.79046,47.06636],[-67.79134,45.70281],[-67.13741,45.13753],[-66.96466,44.8097],[-68.03252,44.3252],[-69.06,43.98],[-70.11617,43.68405],[-70.64548,43.09024],[-70.81489,42.8653],[-70.825,42.335],[-70.495,41.805],[-70.08,41.78],[-70.185,42.145],[-69.88497,41.92283],[-69.96503,41.63717],[-70.64,41.475],[-71.12039,41.49445],[-71.86,41.32],[-72.295,41.27],[-72.87643,41.22065],[-73.71,40.9311],[-72.24126,41.11948],[-71.945,40.93],[-73.345,40.63],[-73.982,40.628],[-73.95232,40.75075],[-74.25671,40.47351],[-73.96244,40.42763],[-74.17838,39.70926],[-74.90604,38.93954],[-74.98041,39.1964],[-75.20002,39.24845],[-75.52805,39.4985],[-75.32,38.96],[-75.07183,38.78203],[-75.05673,38.40412],[-75.37747,38.01551],[-75.94023,37.21689],[-76.03127,37.2566],[-75.72205,37.93705],[-76.23287,38.31921],[-76.35,39.15],[-76.54272,38.71762],[-76.32933,38.08326],[-76.99,38.23999],[-76.30162,37.91794],[-76.25874,36.9664],[-75.9718,36.89726],[-75.86804,36.55125],[-75.72749,35.55074],[-76.36318,34.80854],[-77.39763,34.51201],[-78.05496,33.92547],[-78.55435,33.86133],[-79.06067,33.49395],[-79.20357,33.15839],[-80.30132,32.50935],[-80.86498,32.0333],[-81.33629,31.44049],[-81.49042,30.72999],[-81.31371,30.03552],[-80.98,29.18],[-80.53558,28.47213],[-80.53,28.04],[-80.05654,26.88],[-80.08801,26.20576],[-80.13156,25.81677],[-80.38103,25.20616],[-80.68,25.08],[-81.17213,25.20126],[-81.33,25.64],[-81.71,25.87],[-82.24,26.73],[-82.70515,27.49504],[-82.85526,27.88624],[-82.65,28.55],[-82.93,29.1],[-83.70959,29.93656],[-84.1,30.09],[-85.10882,29.63615],[-85.28784,29.68612],[-85.7731,30.15261],[-86.4,30.4],[-87.53036,30.27433],[-88.41782,30.3849],[-89.18049,30.31598],[-89.59383,30.15999],[-89.41373,29.89419],[-89.43,29.48864],[-89.21767,29.29108],[-89.40823,29.15961],[-89.77928,29.30714],[-90.15463,29.11743],[-90.88022,29.14854],[-91.62678,29.677],[-92.49906,29.5523],[-93.22637,29.78375],[-93.84842,29.71363],[-94.69,29.48],[-95.60026,28.73863],[-96.59404,28.30748],[-97.14,27.83],[-97.37,27.38],[-97.38,26.69],[-97.33,26.21],[-97.14,25.87],[-97.53,25.84],[-98.24,26.06],[-99.02,26.37],[-99.3,26.84],[-99.52,27.54],[-100.11,28.11],[-100.45584,28.69612],[-100.9576,29.38071],[-101.6624,29.7793],[-102.48,29.76],[-103.11,28.97],[-103.94,29.27],[-104.45697,29.57196],[-104.70575,30.12173],[-105.03737,30.64402],[-105.63159,31.08383],[-106.1429,31.39995],[-106.50759,31.75452],[-108.24,31.75485],[-108.24194,31.34222],[-109.035,31.34194],[-111.02361,31.33472],[-113.30498,32.03914],[-114.815,32.52528],[-114.72139,32.72083],[-115.99135,32.61239],[-117.12776,32.53534],[-117.29594,33.04622],[-117.944,33.62124],[-118.4106,33.74091],[-118.51989,34.02778],[-119.081,34.078],[-119.43884,34.34848],[-120.36778,34.44711],[-120.62286,34.60855],[-120.74433,35.15686],[-121.71457,36.16153],[-122.54747,37.55176],[-122.51201,37.78339],[-122.95319,38.11371],[-123.7272,38.95166],[-123.86517,39.76699],[-124.39807,40.3132],[-124.17886,41.14202],[-124.2137,41.99964],[-124.53284,42.76599],[-124.14214,43.70838],[-124.02053,44.6159],[-123.89893,45.52341],[-124.07963,46.86475],[-124.39567,47.72017],[-124.68721,48.18443],[-124.5661,48.37971],[-123.12,48.04],[-122.58736,47.096],[-122.34,47.36],[-122.5,48.18],[-122.84,49],[-120,49],[-117.03121,49],[-116.04818,49],[-113,49],[-110.05,49],[-107.05,49],[-104.04826,48.99986],[-100.65,49],[-97.22872,49.0007],[-95.15907,49],[-95.15609,49.38425],[-94.81758,49.38905]]],[[[-153.00631,57.11584],[-154.00509,56.73468],[-154.5164,56.99275],[-154.67099,57.4612],[-153.76278,57.81657],[-153.22873,57.96897],[-152.56479,57.90143],[-152.14115,57.59106],[-153.00631,57.11584]]],[[[-165.57916,59.90999],[-166.19277,59.75444],[-166.84834,59.94141],[-167.45528,60.21307],[-166.46779,60.38417],[-165.67443,60.29361],[-165.57916,59.90999]]],[[[-171.73166,63.78252],[-171.11443,63.59219],[-170.49111,63.69498],[-169.68251,63.43112],[-168.68944,63.29751],[-168.77194,63.1886],[-169.52944,62.97693],[-170.29056,63.19444],[-170.67139,63.37582],[-171.55306,63.31779],[-171.79111,63.40585],[-171.73166,63.78252]]],[[[-155.06779,71.14778],[-154.34417,70.69641],[-153.90001,70.88999],[-152.21001,70.82999],[-152.27,70.60001],[-150.73999,70.43002],[-149.72,70.53001],[-147.61336,70.21403],[-145.68999,70.12001],[-144.92001,69.98999],[-143.58945,70.15251],[-142.07251,69.85194],[-140.98599,69.712],[-140.9925,66.00003],[-140.99777,60.3064],[-140.013,60.27684],[-139.039,60.00001],[-138.34089,59.56211],[-137.4525,58.905],[-136.47972,59.46389],[-135.47583,59.78778],[-134.945,59.27056],[-134.27111,58.86111],[-133.35555,58.41029],[-132.73042,57.69289],[-131.70781,56.55212],[-130.00778,55.91583],[-129.97999,55.285],[-130.53611,54.80275],[-131.08582,55.17891],[-131.96721,55.49778],[-132.25001,56.37],[-133.53918,57.17889],[-134.07806,58.12307],[-135.03821,58.18771],[-136.62806,58.21221],[-137.80001,58.5],[-139.86779,59.53776],[-140.82527,59.72752],[-142.57444,60.08445],[-143.95888,59.99918],[-145.92556,60.45861],[-147.11437,60.88466],[-148.22431,60.67299],[-148.01807,59.97833],[-148.57082,59.91417],[-149.72786,59.70566],[-150.60824,59.36821],[-151.71639,59.15582],[-151.85943,59.74498],[-151.40972,60.7258],[-150.34694,61.03359],[-150.62111,61.28442],[-151.89584,60.7272],[-152.57833,60.06166],[-154.01917,59.35028],[-153.28751,58.86473],[-154.23249,58.14637],[-155.30749,57.72779],[-156.30833,57.42277],[-156.5561,56.97998],[-158.11722,56.46361],[-158.43332,55.99415],[-159.60333,55.56669],[-160.28972,55.64358],[-161.22305,55.36473],[-162.23777,55.02419],[-163.06945,54.68974],[-164.78557,54.40417],[-164.94223,54.57222],[-163.84834,55.03943],[-162.87,55.34804],[-161.80417,55.89499],[-160.5636,56.00805],[-160.07056,56.41806],[-158.68444,57.01668],[-158.4611,57.21692],[-157.72277,57.57],[-157.55027,58.32833],[-157.04167,58.91888],[-158.19473,58.6158],[-158.51722,58.78778],[-159.05861,58.42419],[-159.71167,58.93139],[-159.98129,58.57255],[-160.35527,59.07112],[-161.355,58.67084],[-161.96889,58.67166],[-162.05499,59.26693],[-161.87417,59.63362],[-162.51806,59.98972],[-163.81834,59.79806],[-164.66222,60.26748],[-165.34639,60.5075],[-165.35083,61.0739],[-166.12138,61.50002],[-165.73445,62.075],[-164.91918,62.63308],[-164.56251,63.14638],[-163.75333,63.21945],[-163.06722,63.05946],[-162.26056,63.54194],[-161.53445,63.45582],[-160.77251,63.76611],[-160.95834,64.2228],[-161.51807,64.40279],[-160.77778,64.7886],[-161.39193,64.77724],[-162.45305,64.55944],[-162.75779,64.33861],[-163.54639,64.55916],[-164.96083,64.44695],[-166.42529,64.68667],[-166.845,65.0889],[-168.11056,65.67],[-166.70527,66.08832],[-164.47471,66.57666],[-163.65251,66.57666],[-163.7886,66.07721],[-161.67777,66.11612],[-162.48971,66.73557],[-163.71972,67.11639],[-164.43099,67.61634],[-165.39029,68.04277],[-166.76444,68.35888],[-166.20471,68.88303],[-164.43081,68.91554],[-163.16861,69.37111],[-162.93057,69.85806],[-161.9089,70.33333],[-160.9348,70.44769],[-159.03918,70.89164],[-158.11972,70.82472],[-156.58082,71.35776],[-155.06779,71.14778]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"United States\"}}]}","volume":"78","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a0425c5e4b0dc0b45b45417","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, Kelly F.","contributorId":140157,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robinson","given":"Kelly F.","affiliations":[{"id":6590,"text":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":473,"text":"New York Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":13267,"text":"Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Diefenbach, Duane R. 0000-0001-5111-1147 drd11@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5111-1147","contributorId":5235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diefenbach","given":"Duane","email":"drd11@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fuller, Angela K. 0000-0002-9247-7468 afuller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9247-7468","contributorId":3984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Angela","email":"afuller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":721027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hurst, Jeremy E.","contributorId":177504,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hurst","given":"Jeremy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":13678,"text":"New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rosenberry, Christopher S.","contributorId":171633,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70193350,"text":"70193350 - 2014 - Multisystem dating of modern river detritus from Tajikistan and China: Implications for crustal evolution and exhumation of the Pamir","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-01T10:25:21","indexId":"70193350","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2626,"text":"Lithosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multisystem dating of modern river detritus from Tajikistan and China: Implications for crustal evolution and exhumation of the Pamir","docAbstract":"The Pamir is the western continuation of Tibet and the site of some of the highest mountains on Earth, yet comparatively little is known about its crustal and tectonic evolution and erosional history. Both Tibet and the Pamir are characterized by similar terranes and sutures that can be correlated along strike, although the details of such correlations remain controversial. The erosional history of the Pamir with respect to Tibet is significantly different as well: Most of Tibet has been characterized by internal drainage and low erosion rates since the early Cenozoic; in contrast, the Pamir is externally drained and topographically more rugged, and it has a strongly asymmetric drainage pattern. Here, we report 700 new U-Pb and Lu-Hf isotope determinations and >300 40Ar/39Ar ages from detrital minerals derived from rivers in China draining the northeastern Pamir and >1000 apatite fission-track (AFT) ages from 12 rivers in Tajikistan and China draining the northeastern, central, and southern Pamir. U-Pb ages from rivers draining the northeastern Pamir are Mesozoic to Proterozoic and show affinity with the Songpan-Ganzi terrane of northern Tibet, whereas rivers draining the central and southern Pamir are mainly Mesozoic and show some affinity with the Qiangtang terrane of central Tibet. The εHf values are juvenile, between 15 and −5, for the northeastern Pamir and juvenile to moderately evolved, between 10 and −40, for the central and southern Pamir. Detrital mica 40Ar/39Ar ages for the northeastern Pamir (eastern drainages) are generally older than ages from the central and southern Pamir (western drainages), indicating younger or lower-magnitude exhumation of the northeastern Pamir compared to the central and southern Pamir. AFT data show strong Miocene–Pliocene signals at the orogen scale, indicating rapid erosion at the regional scale. Despite localized exhumation of the Mustagh-Ata and Kongur-Shan domes, average erosion rates for the northeastern Pamir are up to one order of magnitude lower than erosion rates recorded by the central and southern Pamir. Deeper exhumation of the central and southern Pamir is associated with tectonic exhumation of central Pamir domes. Deeper exhumation coincides with western and asymmetric drainages and with higher precipitation today, suggesting an orographic effect on exhumation. A younging-southward trend of cooling ages may reflect tectonic processes. Overall, cooling ages derived from the Pamir are younger than ages recorded in Tibet, indicating younger and higher magnitudes of erosion in the Pamir.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/L360.1","usgsCitation":"Carappa, B., Mustapha, F., Cosca, M.A., Gehrels, G.E., Schoenbhohm, L., Sobel, E., , D., Russell, J., and Goodman, P., 2014, Multisystem dating of modern river detritus from Tajikistan and China: Implications for crustal evolution and exhumation of the Pamir: Lithosphere, v. 6, no. 6, p. 443-455, https://doi.org/10.1130/L360.1.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"443","endPage":"455","ipdsId":"IP-041792","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472556,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/l360.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":347961,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China","otherGeospatial":"Pamir Mountains, Tibet","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 66,\n 11.523087506868514\n ],\n [\n 100.546875,\n 11.523087506868514\n ],\n [\n 100.546875,\n 37.16031654673677\n ],\n [\n 66,\n 37.16031654673677\n ],\n [\n 66,\n 11.523087506868514\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59fadd25e4b0531197b13cc1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carappa, Barbara","contributorId":199352,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carappa","given":"Barbara","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mustapha, F.S.","contributorId":199353,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mustapha","given":"F.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cosca, Michael A. 0000-0002-0600-7663 mcosca@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0600-7663","contributorId":1000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cosca","given":"Michael","email":"mcosca@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gehrels, George E.","contributorId":59795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gehrels","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schoenbhohm, L","contributorId":199354,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schoenbhohm","given":"L","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sobel, E.","contributorId":199355,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sobel","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":" DeCelles.P.","contributorId":199356,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"given":"DeCelles.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Russell, Joellen","contributorId":148972,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Russell","given":"Joellen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Goodman, Paul","contributorId":199384,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goodman","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70192818,"text":"70192818 - 2014 - Quaternary geology of the Boston area: Glacial events from Lake Charles to Lake Aberjona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-06T10:16:02","indexId":"70192818","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Quaternary geology of the Boston area: Glacial events from Lake Charles to Lake Aberjona","docAbstract":"The multiple-glacial and glaciomarine Quaternary history of the Boston, Massachusetts area has been known generally since the earliest studies of the then newly recognized glacial deposits described by Prof. Louis Agassiz in the late1840’s and fossil marine shells in the drift in the 1850’s. Attention then turned to possible glacial erosional effects on the preglacial bedrock physiography, as related to rock units and structure, and to the challenges of defining useful physical and lithic characteristics of the drift by Prof. W.O. Crosby and others, 1880-1900. The problems of deducing the relative stratigraphic order among such small, fossil-barren surficial sedimentary deposits, and extending knowledge gained from studies of postulated ancient glacial lakes to a regional understanding of the history of many lakes during the retreat of the ice sheet required field work and use of geologic maps. With the advent of modern topographic maps in the 1880’s, the early period of discovery included field studies of glacial lake deposits in local river basins in the Boston region, basins that drain northward, thereby creating glacial lake basins dammed by the ice margin as it retreated to the north. Guided by M.I.T. and Harvard professors W.O. Crosby, N.S. Shaler, J.B. Woodworth, W.M. Davis, and others in the 1880-1920 period, the first Quaternary glacial stratigraphers were students (e.g. Crosby and Grabau, 1896, Clapp, 1905, Fuller 1905, Goldthwaite 1906, Grabau, 1906, Taylor, Tight).","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"2014 Guidebook for Field Trips in Southeastern New England","language":"English","publisher":"New England Intercollegiate Geologic Conference","usgsCitation":"Stone, B.D., and Lane, J.W., 2014, Quaternary geology of the Boston area: Glacial events from Lake Charles to Lake Aberjona, chap. of 2014 Guidebook for Field Trips in Southeastern New England, p. B1-B24.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"B1","endPage":"B24","ipdsId":"IP-059895","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349699,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":347575,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://w3.salemstate.edu/~lhanson/NEIGC/index.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island ","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-70.827398,41.602067],[-70.821743,41.583656],[-70.830087,41.585385],[-70.837632,41.595374],[-70.832044,41.606504],[-70.827398,41.602067]]],[[[-70.59628,41.471905],[-70.56328,41.469127],[-70.553277,41.452955],[-70.555588,41.430882],[-70.547567,41.415831],[-70.506984,41.400242],[-70.501306,41.385391],[-70.484503,41.38629],[-70.472604,41.399128],[-70.470788,41.412875],[-70.450431,41.420703],[-70.446233,41.39648],[-70.451084,41.348161],[-70.599157,41.349272],[-70.709826,41.341723],[-70.747541,41.329952],[-70.764188,41.318706],[-70.768687,41.303702],[-70.775665,41.300982],[-70.802083,41.314207],[-70.838777,41.347209],[-70.833802,41.353386],[-70.812309,41.355745],[-70.774974,41.349176],[-70.729225,41.397728],[-70.712432,41.40885],[-70.701378,41.430925],[-70.686881,41.441334],[-70.603555,41.482384],[-70.598444,41.481151],[-70.59628,41.471905]]],[[[-70.092142,41.297741],[-70.062565,41.308726],[-70.031332,41.339332],[-70.030924,41.367453],[-70.049053,41.391702],[-70.033514,41.385816],[-70.018446,41.36863],[-69.960277,41.278731],[-69.960181,41.264546],[-69.975,41.247392],[-70.001586,41.239353],[-70.118669,41.242351],[-70.170681,41.255881],[-70.256164,41.288123],[-70.273478,41.301528],[-70.275526,41.310464],[-70.249276,41.305623],[-70.229541,41.290171],[-70.092142,41.297741]]],[[[-73.022903,42.741133],[-72.458519,42.726853],[-72.473071,42.745916],[-72.477615,42.761245],[-72.491122,42.772465],[-72.507985,42.764414],[-72.516082,42.765949],[-72.508048,42.776885],[-72.542784,42.808482],[-72.54855,42.842021],[-72.557247,42.853019],[-72.552834,42.884968],[-72.532777,42.896076],[-72.524242,42.918501],[-72.532186,42.954945],[-72.518422,42.96317],[-72.476722,42.971746],[-72.461627,42.982906],[-72.46294,42.996943],[-72.443825,43.008965],[-72.462397,43.02556],[-72.460252,43.040671],[-72.467363,43.052648],[-72.435191,43.086622],[-72.443051,43.100841],[-72.432972,43.119655],[-72.442746,43.131152],[-72.440905,43.135793],[-72.451986,43.138924],[-72.45689,43.146558],[-72.451553,43.155155],[-72.451868,43.170174],[-72.443749,43.182221],[-72.45028,43.192485],[-72.438969,43.201035],[-72.4405,43.219049],[-72.434216,43.234958],[-72.438693,43.252905],[-72.41545,43.271374],[-72.395462,43.312994],[-72.410353,43.331675],[-72.39092,43.354984],[-72.413377,43.362741],[-72.415978,43.376531],[-72.405253,43.389992],[-72.391196,43.449305],[-72.392628,43.465078],[-72.380428,43.488525],[-72.384773,43.500259],[-72.398376,43.510829],[-72.394218,43.5274],[-72.380383,43.54088],[-72.37944,43.574069],[-72.328514,43.600805],[-72.334401,43.61925],[-72.327236,43.630534],[-72.32966,43.634648],[-72.315247,43.641164],[-72.31402,43.656158],[-72.303408,43.674055],[-72.302867,43.702718],[-72.27118,43.734138],[-72.232713,43.748286],[-72.220116,43.763626],[-72.20476,43.771263],[-72.20407,43.786097],[-72.183333,43.808177],[-72.18857,43.821153],[-72.182203,43.834032],[-72.187379,43.853612],[-72.184788,43.863393],[-72.167476,43.86915],[-72.173576,43.87967],[-72.170604,43.886388],[-72.160819,43.887223],[-72.151324,43.901704],[-72.121002,43.918956],[-72.117839,43.946828],[-72.105875,43.94937],[-72.098563,43.963833],[-72.090357,43.965409],[-72.114726,43.968332],[-72.111756,43.984943],[-72.116706,43.991954],[-72.103765,44.002837],[-72.102475,44.014882],[-72.089807,44.011274],[-72.0951,44.021831],[-72.081673,44.023638],[-72.075648,44.031654],[-72.077372,44.044591],[-72.06215,44.049931],[-72.067612,44.058034],[-72.058863,44.057921],[-72.048289,44.069136],[-72.051144,44.07385],[-72.03345,44.074531],[-72.047684,44.088873],[-72.032894,44.09144],[-72.032983,44.101655],[-72.048334,44.096905],[-72.054831,44.110137],[-72.052342,44.119891],[-72.037506,44.124708],[-72.033703,44.131541],[-72.041983,44.137165],[-72.042387,44.160817],[-72.053021,44.167903],[-72.066166,44.189773],[-72.047889,44.238493],[-72.059782,44.256018],[-72.058475,44.267886],[-72.067774,44.270976],[-72.065434,44.277235],[-72.033465,44.301878],[-72.033136,44.320365],[-72.009977,44.321951],[-71.98112,44.3375],[-71.935395,44.33577],[-71.906909,44.348284],[-71.872472,44.336628],[-71.814351,44.354541],[-71.814388,44.381932],[-71.799899,44.385951],[-71.803489,44.390384],[-71.793924,44.399271],[-71.761966,44.407027],[-71.745011,44.401359],[-71.735923,44.410062],[-71.699434,44.416069],[-71.67995,44.427908],[-71.677384,44.435702],[-71.664191,44.438351],[-71.653348,44.460499],[-71.640404,44.464186],[-71.648178,44.472023],[-71.64589,44.475141],[-71.632795,44.48389],[-71.59948,44.486455],[-71.595027,44.498669],[-71.577068,44.504041],[-71.594259,44.52168],[-71.582505,44.524403],[-71.573083,44.53798],[-71.596804,44.553424],[-71.596137,44.560898],[-71.59017,44.565694],[-71.559846,44.564119],[-71.548728,44.571873],[-71.5532,44.580683],[-71.544922,44.579278],[-71.536251,44.588441],[-71.553447,44.593451],[-71.553156,44.626645],[-71.562124,44.63658],[-71.558571,44.644373],[-71.564411,44.652827],[-71.572163,44.650373],[-71.586578,44.659478],[-71.582527,44.672253],[-71.596304,44.679083],[-71.59436,44.695996],[-71.618355,44.72261],[-71.617431,44.72805],[-71.625611,44.730312],[-71.62518,44.743978],[-71.631883,44.752463],[-71.617941,44.755883],[-71.592966,44.782776],[-71.573247,44.791882],[-71.569216,44.808813],[-71.574314,44.818079],[-71.553712,44.836065],[-71.556805,44.848808],[-71.548345,44.85553],[-71.545901,44.866134],[-71.529154,44.873559],[-71.51409,44.893149],[-71.495844,44.90498],[-71.49392,44.910923],[-71.515189,44.927317],[-71.516223,44.964569],[-71.538592,44.988182],[-71.530091,44.999656],[-71.507767,45.00817],[-71.487565,45.000936],[-71.466247,45.011959],[-71.502487,45.013367],[-71.491148,45.041774],[-71.505222,45.048791],[-71.497738,45.054751],[-71.498399,45.069629],[-71.467447,45.086851],[-71.445613,45.113367],[-71.428828,45.123881],[-71.437216,45.142333],[-71.42675,45.153257],[-71.415468,45.183309],[-71.39781,45.203553],[-71.403267,45.215348],[-71.415553,45.218001],[-71.442298,45.238547],[-71.420335,45.232719],[-71.402638,45.242589],[-71.385629,45.233214],[-71.37763,45.244203],[-71.359224,45.250912],[-71.360664,45.269835],[-71.336392,45.273066],[-71.331733,45.279969],[-71.284396,45.302434],[-71.28074,45.295188],[-71.266557,45.294589],[-71.263042,45.277401],[-71.235364,45.260349],[-71.231122,45.249712],[-71.198276,45.254257],[-71.182587,45.241069],[-71.162845,45.250332],[-71.13943,45.242958],[-71.107339,45.278612],[-71.105151,45.294635],[-71.085564,45.305476],[-71.076914,45.246912],[-71.037518,44.755607],[-71.012749,44.340784],[-70.989067,43.79244],[-70.972716,43.570255],[-70.951876,43.552238],[-70.955252,43.540887],[-70.963531,43.536756],[-70.954066,43.52261],[-70.954755,43.509802],[-70.974245,43.47742],[-70.961428,43.469696],[-70.966266,43.453627],[-70.96115,43.438321],[-70.986812,43.414264],[-70.982817,43.399312],[-70.98739,43.393457],[-70.985965,43.380023],[-70.967229,43.343777],[-70.953034,43.333257],[-70.932735,43.33676],[-70.931641,43.331019],[-70.912004,43.319821],[-70.909805,43.306682],[-70.900386,43.301358],[-70.907405,43.293582],[-70.886504,43.282783],[-70.882804,43.273183],[-70.86323,43.265109],[-70.858207,43.256286],[-70.843302,43.254321],[-70.838678,43.242931],[-70.817865,43.237911],[-70.80964,43.225407],[-70.816903,43.214604],[-70.820702,43.191663],[-70.827201,43.189485],[-70.823501,43.174585],[-70.8338,43.146886],[-70.8281,43.129086],[-70.779098,43.095887],[-70.767998,43.093588],[-70.757597,43.080888],[-70.737897,43.073488],[-70.705996,43.073089],[-70.703799,43.059574],[-70.71363,43.056006],[-70.718936,43.03235],[-70.728443,43.027597],[-70.749969,42.991689],[-70.761474,42.986681],[-70.771729,42.961321],[-70.793996,42.93989],[-70.810069,42.909549],[-70.81586,42.88625],[-70.817731,42.850613],[-70.80522,42.781798],[-70.770453,42.704824],[-70.778671,42.693622],[-70.744427,42.682092],[-70.728845,42.663877],[-70.689402,42.653319],[-70.682594,42.654525],[-70.681594,42.662342],[-70.663548,42.677603],[-70.630077,42.692699],[-70.620031,42.688006],[-70.622791,42.660873],[-70.595474,42.660336],[-70.591469,42.639821],[-70.594014,42.63503],[-70.61842,42.62864],[-70.635635,42.600243],[-70.654727,42.582234],[-70.664887,42.580436],[-70.672583,42.594296],[-70.678819,42.594389],[-70.698574,42.577393],[-70.729688,42.57151],[-70.737044,42.576863],[-70.804091,42.561595],[-70.823291,42.551495],[-70.871382,42.546404],[-70.866279,42.522617],[-70.842091,42.519495],[-70.831091,42.503596],[-70.835991,42.490496],[-70.857791,42.490296],[-70.879692,42.478796],[-70.894292,42.460896],[-70.917693,42.467996],[-70.934993,42.457896],[-70.933155,42.437833],[-70.928226,42.430986],[-70.901992,42.420297],[-70.905692,42.416197],[-70.936393,42.418097],[-70.94702,42.456236],[-70.982994,42.423996],[-70.989195,42.402598],[-70.980336,42.391513],[-70.972706,42.389968],[-70.972223,42.377316],[-70.953022,42.343973],[-70.979927,42.356382],[-71.006877,42.347039],[-71.01568,42.326019],[-71.013165,42.315419],[-71.000948,42.302483],[-71.0049,42.28272],[-70.98909,42.267449],[-70.948971,42.272505],[-70.935886,42.264189],[-70.910941,42.265412],[-70.895778,42.292436],[-70.91749,42.305686],[-70.882764,42.30886],[-70.870873,42.285668],[-70.851093,42.26827],[-70.811742,42.262935],[-70.770964,42.249197],[-70.74723,42.221816],[-70.722269,42.207959],[-70.714301,42.168783],[-70.63848,42.081579],[-70.647349,42.076331],[-70.644337,42.045895],[-70.66936,42.037116],[-70.670934,42.007786],[-70.678798,42.00551],[-70.695809,42.013346],[-70.712204,42.007586],[-70.710034,41.999544],[-70.662476,41.960592],[-70.648365,41.961672],[-70.616491,41.940204],[-70.583572,41.950007],[-70.552941,41.929641],[-70.545949,41.907158],[-70.532084,41.889568],[-70.525567,41.85873],[-70.542065,41.831263],[-70.54103,41.815754],[-70.494048,41.773883],[-70.471552,41.761563],[-70.412476,41.744397],[-70.290957,41.734312],[-70.259205,41.713954],[-70.216073,41.742981],[-70.189254,41.751982],[-70.121978,41.758841],[-70.064314,41.772845],[-70.024734,41.787364],[-70.008462,41.800786],[-70.003842,41.80852],[-70.009013,41.876625],[-70.000188,41.886938],[-70.024335,41.89882],[-70.030537,41.929154],[-70.044995,41.930049],[-70.054464,41.927366],[-70.065671,41.911658],[-70.064084,41.878924],[-70.067566,41.877793],[-70.073039,41.899783],[-70.077421,41.985497],[-70.083775,42.012041],[-70.095595,42.032832],[-70.123043,42.051668],[-70.155415,42.062409],[-70.186816,42.05045],[-70.195345,42.034163],[-70.186295,42.021308],[-70.190834,42.020028],[-70.245385,42.063733],[-70.225626,42.078601],[-70.189305,42.082337],[-70.115968,42.067638],[-70.082624,42.054657],[-70.033501,42.017736],[-69.986085,41.949597],[-69.968598,41.9117],[-69.935952,41.809422],[-69.928652,41.74125],[-69.928261,41.6917],[-69.933114,41.670014],[-69.951169,41.640799],[-69.967869,41.627503],[-69.988215,41.554704],[-69.998071,41.54365],[-70.011504,41.542924],[-70.016584,41.550772],[-70.00153,41.561953],[-69.994357,41.576846],[-69.973153,41.646963],[-69.975719,41.653738],[-70.007011,41.671579],[-70.191061,41.645259],[-70.245867,41.628479],[-70.265424,41.609333],[-70.26913,41.625742],[-70.28132,41.635125],[-70.321588,41.630508],[-70.338067,41.636338],[-70.351634,41.634687],[-70.379151,41.611361],[-70.437246,41.605329],[-70.461278,41.57182],[-70.485571,41.554244],[-70.633607,41.538254],[-70.654104,41.519025],[-70.734306,41.486335],[-70.757171,41.469917],[-70.760863,41.460947],[-70.79027,41.446339],[-70.835867,41.441877],[-70.866946,41.422378],[-70.902763,41.421061],[-70.948431,41.409193],[-70.949861,41.415323],[-70.928165,41.431265],[-70.918983,41.4253],[-70.906011,41.425708],[-70.883247,41.432239],[-70.855265,41.448892],[-70.802186,41.460864],[-70.745053,41.500966],[-70.658659,41.543385],[-70.653899,41.56516],[-70.640948,41.577325],[-70.652449,41.60521],[-70.640003,41.624616],[-70.652614,41.637829],[-70.637632,41.654573],[-70.646308,41.678433],[-70.661475,41.681756],[-70.645962,41.693794],[-70.62544,41.698691],[-70.626529,41.712995],[-70.642914,41.71841],[-70.656596,41.715401],[-70.718739,41.73574],[-70.726331,41.732731],[-70.728933,41.723433],[-70.721302,41.712968],[-70.719575,41.685002],[-70.744396,41.696967],[-70.755347,41.694326],[-70.76236,41.667735],[-70.757622,41.654265],[-70.765463,41.641575],[-70.775798,41.649145],[-70.813286,41.65567],[-70.816351,41.645995],[-70.804664,41.641157],[-70.800215,41.631753],[-70.810279,41.624873],[-70.852518,41.626919],[-70.850181,41.593529],[-70.857239,41.587705],[-70.872665,41.627816],[-70.887643,41.632422],[-70.913202,41.619266],[-70.904522,41.610361],[-70.899981,41.593504],[-70.910814,41.595506],[-70.916581,41.607483],[-70.927172,41.611253],[-70.931338,41.5842],[-70.937978,41.577416],[-70.946911,41.581089],[-70.931545,41.540169],[-70.979225,41.530427],[-70.983354,41.520616],[-71.035514,41.499047],[-71.085663,41.509292],[-71.136867,41.493942],[-71.140224,41.485855],[-71.167345,41.471405],[-71.170131,41.463974],[-71.19302,41.457931],[-71.196607,41.464756],[-71.190167,41.484285],[-71.206382,41.499215],[-71.200788,41.514371],[-71.213563,41.545818],[-71.20778,41.60066],[-71.212004,41.62299],[-71.240709,41.619225],[-71.2436,41.587508],[-71.23613,41.574767],[-71.236642,41.535852],[-71.227989,41.528297],[-71.240614,41.500557],[-71.236751,41.483369],[-71.24071,41.474872],[-71.246703,41.47196],[-71.245992,41.481302],[-71.252692,41.485902],[-71.285639,41.487805],[-71.295111,41.48435],[-71.304394,41.454502],[-71.311394,41.450802],[-71.32141,41.4556],[-71.337695,41.448902],[-71.351096,41.450802],[-71.362743,41.460379],[-71.36152,41.464831],[-71.316519,41.47756],[-71.323125,41.503088],[-71.330694,41.507699],[-71.330831,41.518364],[-71.313079,41.534672],[-71.303652,41.559925],[-71.285142,41.577127],[-71.273445,41.60699],[-71.275234,41.619444],[-71.251082,41.63878],[-71.212136,41.641945],[-71.19564,41.67509],[-71.224798,41.710498],[-71.240991,41.697744],[-71.237635,41.681635],[-71.24155,41.667205],[-71.25956,41.642595],[-71.267055,41.644945],[-71.280366,41.672575],[-71.287637,41.672463],[-71.299159,41.649531],[-71.306095,41.672575],[-71.293119,41.688347],[-71.291217,41.702666],[-71.31482,41.723808],[-71.350057,41.727835],[-71.365717,41.711615],[-71.365717,41.694947],[-71.37791,41.666646],[-71.38988,41.671903],[-71.390551,41.684096],[-71.441336,41.686446],[-71.445923,41.691144],[-71.449318,41.687401],[-71.444468,41.664409],[-71.425452,41.670785],[-71.409302,41.662643],[-71.40377,41.589321],[-71.447712,41.5804],[-71.442567,41.565075],[-71.417398,41.534536],[-71.414937,41.516303],[-71.421425,41.498629],[-71.418404,41.472652],[-71.430744,41.470636],[-71.427935,41.459529],[-71.433612,41.444995],[-71.455845,41.432986],[-71.455371,41.407962],[-71.483295,41.371722],[-71.526724,41.376636],[-71.555381,41.373316],[-71.624505,41.36087],[-71.72074,41.331567],[-71.785957,41.325739],[-71.857432,41.306318],[-71.862772,41.309791],[-71.860513,41.320248],[-71.829595,41.344544],[-71.835951,41.353935],[-71.837738,41.363529],[-71.831613,41.370899],[-71.833443,41.384524],[-71.842131,41.395359],[-71.842563,41.409855],[-71.81839,41.419599],[-71.797683,41.416709],[-71.786994,41.655992],[-71.80065,42.023569],[-72.528131,42.034295],[-72.590233,42.024695],[-72.606933,42.024995],[-72.607933,42.030795],[-72.755838,42.036195],[-72.754038,42.025395],[-72.762151,42.021527],[-72.766739,42.002995],[-72.816741,41.997595],[-72.813541,42.036494],[-73.496879,42.049675],[-73.508142,42.086257],[-73.264957,42.74594],[-73.022903,42.741133]]],[[[-71.383586,41.464782],[-71.399568,41.448596],[-71.395927,41.492215],[-71.386511,41.493071],[-71.378914,41.504948],[-71.391005,41.514578],[-71.392137,41.524468],[-71.384478,41.556736],[-71.370194,41.573963],[-71.36356,41.57086],[-71.359868,41.556308],[-71.360403,41.483121],[-71.380947,41.474561],[-71.383586,41.464782]]],[[[-71.326769,41.491286],[-71.327822,41.482985],[-71.343013,41.495615],[-71.326769,41.491286]]],[[[-71.3312,41.580318],[-71.337048,41.594688],[-71.325877,41.623988],[-71.34657,41.632229],[-71.366165,41.66098],[-71.348402,41.663727],[-71.338696,41.658782],[-71.336182,41.647961],[-71.343666,41.6399],[-71.30555,41.622523],[-71.307381,41.597984],[-71.317474,41.583187],[-71.3312,41.580318]]],[[[-71.281571,41.648207],[-71.274315,41.638125],[-71.283791,41.637797],[-71.286755,41.642725],[-71.281571,41.648207]]],[[[-71.58955,41.196557],[-71.580228,41.204837],[-71.573785,41.228436],[-71.561093,41.224207],[-71.554067,41.212957],[-71.565752,41.184373],[-71.544446,41.164912],[-71.547051,41.153684],[-71.5937,41.146339],[-71.611706,41.153239],[-71.605565,41.182139],[-71.58955,41.196557]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Massachusetts\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a61003fe4b06e28e9c253b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stone, Byron D. 0000-0001-6092-0798 bdstone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6092-0798","contributorId":1702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Byron","email":"bdstone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lane, John W. Jr. 0000-0002-3558-243X jwlane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3558-243X","contributorId":189168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"jwlane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":717055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70191537,"text":"70191537 - 2014 - Seismic monitoring at the Decatur, Ill., CO2 sequestration demonstration site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T15:12:54","indexId":"70191537","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Seismic monitoring at the Decatur, Ill., CO2 sequestration demonstration site","docAbstract":"The viability of carbon capture and storage (CCS) to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases depends on the ability to safely sequester large quantities of CO2 over geologic time scales. One concern with CCS is the potential of induced seismicity. We report on ongoing seismic monitoring by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) at a CCS demonstration site in Decatur, IL, in an effort to understand the potential hazards posed by injection-induced seismicity associated with geologic CO2 sequestration. At Decatur, super-critical CO2 is injected at 2.1 km depth into the 550-m-thick Mt. Simon Sandstone, which directly overlies granitic basement. The primary sealing cap rock is the Eau Claire Shale, a 100- to 150-m-thick unit at a depth of roughly 1.5 km. The USGS seismic network consists of 12 stations, three of which have surface accelerometers and three-component borehole geophones. We derived a one-dimensional velocity models from a vertical seismic profile acquired by Archer-Daniels-Midland (ADM) and the Illinois State Geological Survey (ISGS) to a depth of 2.2 km, tied into shallow acoustic logs from our borehole stations and assuming a 6 km/sec P-wave velocity for granite below 2.2 km. We further assume a constant ratio of P- to S-wave velocities of 1.83, as derived from velocity model inversions. We use this velocity model to locate seismic events, all of which are within the footprint of our network. So far magnitudes of locatable events range from Mw = -1.52 to 1.07. We further improved the hypocentral precision of microseismic events when travel times and waveforms are sufficiently similar by employing double-difference relocation techniques, with relative location errors less than 80 m horizontally and 100 m vertically. We observe tend to group in three distinct clusters: ∼0.4 to 1.0 km NE, 1.6 to 2.4 km N, and ∼1.8 to 2.6 km WNW from the injection well. The first cluster of microseismicity forms a roughly linear trend, which may represent a pre-existing geologic structure. Most of these microearthquakes occur in the granitic basement at depths greater than 2.2 km, well below the caprock, and likely do not compromise the integrity of the seal. We conclude that because the observed microseismicity is occurring in the granitic basement, the integrity of the caprock seal has not been compromised by CCS activities.","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Energy Procedia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies, GHGT-12","conferenceDate":"October 5-9, 2014","conferenceLocation":"Austin, Texas","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.461","usgsCitation":"Kaven, J., Hickman, S.H., McGarr, A.F., Walter, S.R., and Ellsworth, W.L., 2014, Seismic monitoring at the Decatur, Ill., CO2 sequestration demonstration site, in Energy Procedia, v. 63, Austin, Texas, October 5-9, 2014, p. 4264-4272, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.461.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"4264","endPage":"4272","ipdsId":"IP-059770","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472559,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.461","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":350341,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","city":"Decatur","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.08744812011719,\n 39.74626606218367\n ],\n [\n -88.79631042480467,\n 39.74626606218367\n ],\n [\n -88.79631042480467,\n 39.95291166179976\n ],\n [\n -89.08744812011719,\n 39.95291166179976\n ],\n [\n -89.08744812011719,\n 39.74626606218367\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"63","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a61003fe4b06e28e9c253b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kaven, J. Ole 0000-0003-2625-2786 okaven@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2625-2786","contributorId":3993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaven","given":"J. Ole","email":"okaven@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":712673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hickman, Stephen H. 0000-0003-2075-9615 hickman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2075-9615","contributorId":2705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickman","given":"Stephen","email":"hickman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":712674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGarr, Arthur F. 0000-0001-9769-4093 mcgarr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9769-4093","contributorId":3178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGarr","given":"Arthur","email":"mcgarr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":712675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Walter, Steve R. swalter@usgs.gov","contributorId":3166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walter","given":"Steve","email":"swalter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":712676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ellsworth, William L. ellsworth@usgs.gov","contributorId":787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellsworth","given":"William","email":"ellsworth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":712677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70189603,"text":"70189603 - 2014 - A large mantle water source for the northern San Andreas Fault System: A ghost of subduction past","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-19T10:34:27","indexId":"70189603","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1430,"text":"Earth, Planets and Space","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A large mantle water source for the northern San Andreas Fault System: A ghost of subduction past","docAbstract":"Recent research indicates that the shallow mantle of the Cascadia subduction margin under near-coastal Pacific Northwest U.S. is cold and partially serpentinized, storing large quantities of water in this wedge-shaped region. Such a wedge probably formed to the south in California during an earlier period of subduction. We show by numerical modeling that after subduction ceased with the creation of the San Andreas Fault System (SAFS), the mantle wedge warmed, slowly releasing its water over a period of more than 25 Ma by serpentine dehydration into the crust above. This deep, long-term water source could facilitate fault slip in San Andreas System at low shear stresses by raising pore pressures in a broad region above the wedge. Moreover, the location and breadth of the water release from this model gives insights into the position and breadth of the SAFS. Such a mantle source of water also likely plays a role in the occurrence of Non-Volcanic Tremor (NVT) that has been reported along the SAFS in central California. This process of water release from mantle depths could also mobilize mantle serpentinite from the wedge above the dehydration front, permitting upward emplacement of serpentinite bodies by faulting or by diapiric ascent. Specimens of serpentinite collected from tectonically emplaced serpentinite blocks along the SAFS show mineralogical and structural evidence of high fluid pressures during ascent from depth. Serpentinite dehydration may also lead to tectonic mobility along other plate boundaries that succeed subduction, such as other continental transforms, collision zones, or along present-day subduction zones where spreading centers are subducting.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1186/1880-5981-66-67","usgsCitation":"Kirby, S.H., Wang, K., and Brocher, T.M., 2014, A large mantle water source for the northern San Andreas Fault System: A ghost of subduction past: Earth, Planets and Space, v. 66-67, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.1186/1880-5981-66-67.","productDescription":"18 p.","ipdsId":"IP-056085","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472562,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1880-5981-66-67","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":344033,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Andreas Fault","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -125.98022460937499,\n 35\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 35\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -125.98022460937499,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -125.98022460937499,\n 35\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"66-67","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59706fbbe4b0d1f9f065a8ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kirby, Stephen H. 0000-0003-1636-4688 skirby@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1636-4688","contributorId":2752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"Stephen","email":"skirby@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wang, Kelin","contributorId":194791,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Kelin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brocher, Thomas M. 0000-0002-9740-839X brocher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9740-839X","contributorId":262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brocher","given":"Thomas","email":"brocher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70136358,"text":"70136358 - 2014 - Flow and sorption controls of groundwater arsenic in individual boreholes from bedrock aquifers in central Maine, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-30T16:08:51","indexId":"70136358","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-30T16:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flow and sorption controls of groundwater arsenic in individual boreholes from bedrock aquifers in central Maine, USA","docAbstract":"To understand the hydrogeochemical processes regulating well water arsenic (As) evolution in fractured bedrock aquifers, three domestic wells with [As] up to 478 μg/L are investigated in central Maine. Geophysical logging reveals that fractures near the borehole bottom contribute 70-100% of flow. Borehole and fracture water samples from various depths show significant proportions of As (up to 69%) and Fe (93-99%) in particulates (>0.45 μm). These particulates and those settled after a 16-day batch experiment contain 560-13,000 g/kg of As and 14-35% weight/weight of Fe. As/Fe ratios (2.5-20 mmol/mol) and As partitioning ratios (adsorbed/dissolved [As], 20,000-100,000 L/kg) suggest that As is sorbed onto amorphous hydrous ferric oxides. Newly drilled cores also show enrichment of As (up to 1300 mg/kg) sorbed onto secondary iron minerals on the fracture surfaces. Pumping at high flow rates induces large decreases in particulate As and Fe, a moderate increase in dissolved [As] and As(III)/As ratio, while little change in major ion chemistry. The δD and δ18O are similar for the borehole and fracture waters, suggesting a same source of recharge from atmospheric precipitation. Results support a conceptual model invoking flow and sorption controls on groundwater [As] in fractured bedrock aquifers whereby oxygen infiltration promotes the oxidation of As-bearing sulfides at shallower depths in the oxic portion of the flow path releasing As and Fe; followed by Fe oxidation to form Fe oxyhydroxide particulates, which are transported in fractures and sorb As along the flow path until intercepted by boreholes. In the anoxic portions of the flow path, reductive dissolution of As-sorbed iron particulates could re-mobilize As. For exposure assessment, we recommend sampling of groundwater without filtration to obtain total As concentration in groundwater.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Pub. Co.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.04.089","collaboration":"Columbia University - Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory; Maine Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Yang, Q., Culbertson, C.W., Nielsen, M.G., Schalk, C.W., Johnson, C.D., Marvinney, R., Stute, M., and Zheng, Y., 2014, Flow and sorption controls of groundwater arsenic in individual boreholes from bedrock aquifers in central Maine, USA: Science of the Total Environment, v. 505, p. 1291-1307, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.04.089.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1291","endPage":"1307","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052112","costCenters":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472566,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4233206","text":"External Repository"},{"id":296954,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":296935,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969714005993#"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","volume":"505","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a79e4b08de9379b308d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yang, Qiang","contributorId":27362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"Qiang","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":537389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Culbertson, Charles W. cculbert@usgs.gov","contributorId":1607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Culbertson","given":"Charles","email":"cculbert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nielsen, Martha G. 0000-0003-3038-9400 mnielsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3038-9400","contributorId":4169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"Martha","email":"mnielsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schalk, Charles W. cwschalk@usgs.gov","contributorId":1726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schalk","given":"Charles","email":"cwschalk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Carole D. 0000-0001-6941-1578 cjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6941-1578","contributorId":1891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Carole","email":"cjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Marvinney, Robert G.","contributorId":23070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marvinney","given":"Robert G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":537394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stute, Martin","contributorId":131127,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stute","given":"Martin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7254,"text":"Columbia University - Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Zheng, Yan","contributorId":99046,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zheng","given":"Yan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7255,"text":"City University of New York, Queens College","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70104563,"text":"ds69EE - 2014 - Petroleum systems and assessment of undiscovered oil and gas in the Anadarko Basin Province, Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas: USGS Province 58","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-07T14:28:32","indexId":"ds69EE","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-29T15:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"69","chapter":"EE","title":"Petroleum systems and assessment of undiscovered oil and gas in the Anadarko Basin Province, Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas: USGS Province 58","docAbstract":"This publication provides research results and related data in support of the U.S. Geological Survey assessment of the undiscovered oil and gas resource potential of the Anadarko Basin Province of western Oklahoma and Kansas, northern Texas, and southeastern Colorado. This province area includes the Las Animas arch of southeastern Colorado, part of the Palo Duro Basin of Texas, and the Anadarko Basin. Results of the geologic analysis and resource assessment are based on the geologic elements of each defined total petroleum system, including hydrocarbon source rocks (source-rock maturation, hydrocarbon generation and migration), reservoir rocks (sequence stratigraphic and petrophysical properties), hydrocarbon traps (trapping mechanisms and timing), and seals. Using this geologic framework, the U.S. Geological Survey defined 2 total petroleum systems, the Woodford Composite total petroleum system and Pennsylvanian Composite total petroleum system and 12 included assessment units, and quantitatively estimated the undiscovered oil and gas resources within these conventional and continuous (unconventional) AUs.
\n\n
The 13 chapters included in U.S. Geological Survey Digital Data Series DDS–69–EE cover topics that range from the oil and gas resource assessment results (chapter 1 and 5–7), to geological, geochemical, and geophysical research across the province (chapters 3–11), tabular data and graphs in support of the assessment (chapter 12), and data releases of zmap-format grid files that were used to build petroleum system models and a standalone three-dimensional geologic model (chapter 13).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds69EE","usgsCitation":"Higley, D.K., 2014, Petroleum systems and assessment of undiscovered oil and gas in the Anadarko Basin Province, Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas: USGS Province 58: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 69, Full report: 409 p.; Chapters 1-13, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds69EE.","productDescription":"Full report: 409 p.; Chapters 1-13","numberOfPages":"409","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-039637","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296906,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds69EE.jpg"},{"id":296905,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-ee/pdf/dds69ee_BOOK.pdf","size":"107 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296904,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-ee/"},{"id":354819,"rank":4,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-ee/versionHist.txt","text":"Version History","size":"4.0 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"DDS 69-EE Version History"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Anadarko Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -103.1396484375,\n 34.34343606848294\n ],\n [\n -103.1396484375,\n 39.16414104768742\n ],\n [\n -95.20751953125,\n 39.16414104768742\n ],\n [\n -95.20751953125,\n 34.34343606848294\n ],\n [\n -103.1396484375,\n 34.34343606848294\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publicComments":"National and Global Assessment Anadarko Basin Province Assessment","revisedDate":"2018-06-07","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2aa1e4b08de9379b3150","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Higley, Debra K. 0000-0001-8024-9954 higley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8024-9954","contributorId":152663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higley","given":"Debra","email":"higley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70128296,"text":"sir20145196 - 2014 - Modeling uncertainty in coal resource assessments, with an application to a central area of the Gillette coal field, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-28T14:29:05","indexId":"sir20145196","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-28T14:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5196","title":"Modeling uncertainty in coal resource assessments, with an application to a central area of the Gillette coal field, Wyoming","docAbstract":"Standards for the public disclosure of mineral resources and reserves do not require the use of any specific methodology when it comes to estimating the reliability of the resources. Unbeknownst to most intended recipients of resource appraisals, such freedom commonly results in subjective opinions or estimations based on suboptimal approaches, such as use of distance methods. This report presents the results of a study of the third of three coal deposits in which drilling density has been increased one order of magnitude in three stages. Applying geostatistical simulation, the densest dataset was used to check the results obtained by modeling the sparser drillings. We have come up with two summary displays of results based on the same simulations, which individually and combined provide a better assessment of uncertainty than traditional qualitative resource classifications: (a) a display of cell 90 percent confidence interval versus cumulative cell tonnage, and (b) a histogram of total resources. The first graph allows classification of data into any number of bins with dividers to be decided by the assessor on the basis of a discriminating variable that is statistically accepted as a measure of uncertainty, thereby improving the quality and flexibility of the modeling. The second display expands the scope of the modeling by providing a quantitative measure of uncertainty for total tonnage, which is a fundamental concern for stockholders, geologists, and decision makers. Our approach allows us to correctly model uncertainty issues not possible to predict with distance methods, such as (a) different levels of uncertainty for individual beds with the same pattern and density of drill holes, (b) different local degrees of reduction of uncertainty with drilling densification reflecting fluctuation in the complexity of the geology, (c) average reduction in uncertainty at a disproportionately lesser rate than the reduction in area per drill hole, (d) the proportional effect of higher uncertainty in areas of higher tonnages, despite a regular drilling pattern, (e) the possibility of a local increase in uncertainty despite drilling densification to reflect a more complex geology as the deposit is known in more detail, and (f) for exactly the same drilling pattern, tonnage per individual beds with different uncertainty than the aggregated tonnage. These results should be considered realistic improvements over distance methods used for quantitative classification of uncertainty in coal resource, such as U.S. Geological Survey Circular 891.1 The approach should be a welcome addition to the toolkit of Competent Persons preparing public disclosures according to international mineral codes such as those promoted by the Combined Reserves International Reporting Standards Committee2 and the Joint Ore Reserve Committee.3
\n1 Wood, G.H., Jr., Kehn, T.M., Carter, M.D., and Culbertson, W.C., 1983, Coal resources classification system of the U.S. Geological Survey: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 891, 65 p.
\n2 CRIRSCO (Combined Reserves International Reporting Standards Committee), 2013, International reporting template for the public reporting of exploration results, mineral resources and mineral reserves: Accessed February 2014 at http://www.crirsco.com/crirsco_template_may2013.pdf.
\n3 JORC (Joint Ore Reserves Committee), 2012, Australasian code for reporting of exploration results, mineral resources and ore reserves: Accessed September 2014 at http://www.jorc.org/docs/jorc_code2012.pdf.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145196","usgsCitation":"Olea, R., and Luppens, J.A., 2014, Modeling uncertainty in coal resource assessments, with an application to a central area of the Gillette coal field, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5196, v, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145196.","productDescription":"v, 46 p.","numberOfPages":"56","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057123","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296895,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145196.jpg"},{"id":296894,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5196/pdf/sir2014_5196.pdf","size":"13.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":296878,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5196/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Gillette Coal Field","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.99884033203125,\n 43.26920624914964\n ],\n [\n -105.99884033203125,\n 44.56307730757893\n ],\n [\n -105.01281738281249,\n 44.56307730757893\n ],\n [\n -105.01281738281249,\n 43.26920624914964\n ],\n [\n -105.99884033203125,\n 43.26920624914964\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a98e4b08de9379b312a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olea, Ricardo A. 0000-0003-4308-0808 rolea@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4308-0808","contributorId":1401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olea","given":"Ricardo A.","email":"rolea@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luppens, James A. 0000-0001-7607-8750 jluppens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7607-8750","contributorId":550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luppens","given":"James","email":"jluppens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70124604,"text":"sir20145174 - 2014 - Status and understanding of groundwater quality in the Sierra Nevada Regional study unit, 2008: California GAMA Priority Basin Project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-28T14:06:26","indexId":"sir20145174","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-28T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5174","title":"Status and understanding of groundwater quality in the Sierra Nevada Regional study unit, 2008: California GAMA Priority Basin Project","docAbstract":"Groundwater quality in the Sierra Nevada Regional (SNR) study unit was investigated as part of the California State Water Resources Control Board’s Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment Program Priority Basin Project. The study was designed to provide statistically unbiased assessments of the quality of untreated groundwater within the primary aquifer system of the Sierra Nevada. The primary aquifer system for the SNR study unit was delineated by the depth intervals over which wells in the State of California’s database of public drinking-water supply wells are open or screened. Two types of assessments were made: (1) a status assessment that described the current quality of the groundwater resource, and (2) an evaluation of relations between groundwater quality and potential explanatory factors that represent characteristics of the primary aquifer system. The assessments characterize untreated groundwater quality, rather than the quality of treated drinking water delivered to consumers by water distributors.
\nThe status assessment was based on water-quality data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey from 83 wells in the SNR study unit in 2008 and from 117 wells in 3 small study units within the SNR study unit in 2006–07 and on water-quality data compiled in the State’s database for 1,066 wells sampled in 2006–08. To provide some context for the results, water-quality data were converted to relative-concentrations (RCs), which are the sample concentrations divided by the concentrations of Federal or California regulatory and non-regulatory benchmarks for drinking-water quality. RCs for inorganic constituents (major ions, trace elements, nutrients, and radioactive constituents) were classified as “high” (RC > 1.0, indicating that concentration is above the benchmark), “moderate” (1.0 ≥ RC > 0.5), or “low” (RC ≤ 0.5). For organic constituents (volatile organic compounds and pesticides) and special-interest constituents (perchlorate and N-nitrosodimethylamine [NDMA]), the boundary between moderate and low RCs was set at 0.1. All benchmarks used for organic constituents were health-based, whereas health-based and aesthetic-based benchmarks were used for inorganic constituents.
\nThe primary metric used for quantifying regional-scale groundwater quality was “aquifer-scale proportion.” Aquifer-scale proportions were calculated as the areal percentages of the primary aquifer system having high, moderate, and low RCs for a given constituent or class of constituents. The SNR study unit area was classified into four aquifer lithologic types—granitic rocks, metamorphic rocks, sedimentary deposits, and volcanic rocks—and aquifer-scale proportions were calculated on an area-weighted basis for each of the four aquifer lithologies and for the study unit as a whole (aggregated system).
\nThe results of the status assessment indicated that inorganic constituents were present at high and moderate RCs in greater proportions in the SNR study unit aggregated primary aquifer system than were organic constituents and that there were significant differences (p < 0.05) between the four aquifer lithologies. One or more inorganic constituents with health-based benchmarks were present at high RCs in 16 percent of the aggregated primary aquifer system and at moderate RCs in 21 percent. Arsenic (9.7 percent), uranium (2.9 percent), boron (2.0 percent), fluoride (1.8 percent), and nitrate (1.4 percent) were the constituents most commonly present at high RCs.
\nFor inorganic constituents with aesthetic-based benchmarks, 18 percent of the aggregated primary aquifer system had high RCs of one or more constituent, and 6.8 percent had moderate RCs. Iron (15.8 percent), manganese (15.1 percent), and total dissolved solids (1.3 percent) were the constituents most commonly present at high RCs.
\nOrganic constituents were not detected in 72 percent of the primary aquifer system. One or more organic constituents had high RCs in 0.1 percent of the primary aquifer system, moderate RCs in 3.0 percent, and low RCs in 25 percent. Proportions of the four lithologic primary aquifer systems with high or moderate concentrations of organic constituents were not significantly different. Three organic constituents had area-weighted detection frequencies greater than 10 percent in the primary aquifer system as a whole or at least one of the four lithologic primary aquifer systems: the gasoline oxygenate methyl tert-butyl ether, the trihalomethane chloroform, and the herbicide simazine. The special-interest constituent perchlorate was detected at high RCs in 0.01 percent of the primary aquifer system and at moderate RCs in 1.0 percent, and detection frequencies could be accounted for by the distribution of perchlorate under natural conditions.
\nStatistical tests were used to evaluate relations between constituent concentrations and potential explanatory factors descriptive of land use, geography, depth, geochemical conditions, and groundwater age. Higher concentrations of trace elements, radioactive constituents, and constituents with aesthetic-based benchmarks generally were associated with anoxic conditions, higher pH, and location within a particular compositional band in the Sierra Nevada batholith corresponding to the southwestern part of the study unit. High concentrations of organic constituents generally were associated with greater proportions of urban land use. No significant relations were observed between the concentrations of organic constituents and measures of well depth or groundwater age, perhaps because of the high proportions of springs and modern groundwater in the dataset.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145174","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board","usgsCitation":"Fram, M.S., and Belitz, K., 2014, Status and understanding of groundwater quality in the Sierra Nevada Regional study unit, 2008: California GAMA Priority Basin Project: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5174, x, 118 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145174.","productDescription":"x, 118 p.","numberOfPages":"132","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-035059","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296893,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145174.jpg"},{"id":296877,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5174/"},{"id":296892,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5174/pdf/sir2014-5174.pdf","size":"10.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"projection":"Albers Equal Area Conic Projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sierra Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.541015625,\n 32.52828936482526\n ],\n [\n -124.541015625,\n 41.96765920367816\n ],\n [\n -114.08203125,\n 41.96765920367816\n ],\n [\n -114.08203125,\n 32.52828936482526\n ],\n [\n -124.541015625,\n 32.52828936482526\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publicComments":"A product of the California Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2ab7e4b08de9379b31a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fram, Miranda S. 0000-0002-6337-059X mfram@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6337-059X","contributorId":1156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fram","given":"Miranda","email":"mfram@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}