{"pageNumber":"572","pageRowStart":"14275","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68919,"records":[{"id":70135974,"text":"70135974 - 2014 - Marsh soils as potential sinks for Bacteroides fecal indicator bacteria, Waccamaw National Wildlife Refuge, Georgetown, SC, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-12T17:13:04","indexId":"70135974","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Marsh soils as potential sinks for <i>Bacteroides</i> fecal indicator bacteria, Waccamaw National Wildlife Refuge, Georgetown, SC, USA","title":"Marsh soils as potential sinks for Bacteroides fecal indicator bacteria, Waccamaw National Wildlife Refuge, Georgetown, SC, USA","docAbstract":"<p>A soil core collected in a tidal freshwater marsh in the Waccamaw National Wildlife Refuge (Georgetown, SC) exuded a particularly strong odor of cow manure upon extrusion. In order to test for manure and determine its provenance, we carried out microbial source tracking using DNA markers for Bacteroides, a noncoliform, anaerobic bacterial group that represents a broad group of the fecal population. Three core sections from 0-3 cm, 9-12 cm and 30-33 were analyzed for the presence of Bacteroides. The ages of core sediments were estimated using 210Pb and 137Cs dating. All three core sections tested positive for Bacteroides DNA markers related to cow or deer feces. Because cow manure is stockpiled, used as fertilizer, and a source of direct contamination in the Great Pee Dee River/Winyah Bay watershed, it is very likely the source of the Bacteroides that was deposited on the marsh. The mid-points of the core sections were dated as follows: 0-3 cm: 2009; 9-12 cm: 1999, and 30-33 cm: 1961. The presence of Bacteroides at different depths/ages in the soil profile indicates that soils in tidal freshwater marshes are, at the least, capable of being short-term sinks for Bacteroides and, may have the potential to be long-term sinks of stable, naturalized populations.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11270-013-1861-1","usgsCitation":"Drexler, J., Johnson, H., Duris, J.W., and Krauss, K.W., 2014, Marsh soils as potential sinks for Bacteroides fecal indicator bacteria, Waccamaw National Wildlife Refuge, Georgetown, SC, USA: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 225, p. 1-7, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-013-1861-1.","productDescription":"Article 1861; 7 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053177","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297076,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","city":"Georgetown","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -79.57809448242188,\n              33.097294071891696\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.57809448242188,\n              33.5608510182527\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.013671875,\n              33.5608510182527\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.013671875,\n              33.097294071891696\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.57809448242188,\n              33.097294071891696\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"225","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2befe4b08de9379b3583","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drexler, Judith Z. 0000-0002-0127-3866 jdrexler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0127-3866","contributorId":1659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drexler","given":"Judith Z.","email":"jdrexler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Heather E.","contributorId":207837,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Heather E.","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":12456,"text":"former USGS scientist","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":744854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Duris, Joseph W. 0000-0002-8669-8109 jwduris@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8669-8109","contributorId":1981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duris","given":"Joseph","email":"jwduris@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krauss, Ken W. 0000-0003-2195-0729 kraussk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2195-0729","contributorId":2017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krauss","given":"Ken","email":"kraussk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70073895,"text":"70073895 - 2014 - Geologic setting and stratigraphy of the Ziegler Reservoir fossil site, Snowmass Village, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-14T11:44:40","indexId":"70073895","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T09:44:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic setting and stratigraphy of the Ziegler Reservoir fossil site, Snowmass Village, Colorado","docAbstract":"The geologic setting of the Ziegler Reservoir fossil site is somewhat unusual – the sediments containing the Pleistocene fossils were deposited in a lake on top of a ridge.  The lake basin was formed near the Town of Snowmass Village, Colorado when a glacier flowing down Snowmass Creek Valley became thick enough to overtop a low point in the eastern valley wall and entered the head of Brush Creek Valley.  When the glacier retreated at the end of the marine isotope stage (MIS) 6, ~155-130 ka (thousands of years before present), the Brush Creek Valley lobe left behind a moraine that impounded a small alpine lake.  The lake was initially ~10 m deep and was highly productive during most of its existence based on the abundant and exquisitely preserved organic material present in the sediments.  Over time, the basin slowly filled with (mostly) eolian sediment such that by ~85 ka it contained more of a marsh or wetland than a true lake.  Open water conditions returned briefly between ~75 and 55 ka before the impoundment was finally breached to the east, establishing ties with the Brush Creek drainage system and creating an alpine meadow that persisted until historic times.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.yqres.2013.12.011","usgsCitation":"Pigati, J.S., Miller, I.M., Johnson, K.R., Honke, J., Carrara, P.E., Muhs, D.R., Skipp, G., and Bryant, B., 2014, Geologic setting and stratigraphy of the Ziegler Reservoir fossil site, Snowmass Village, Colorado: Quaternary Research, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2013.12.011.","productDescription":"13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-051953","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282399,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":282397,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2013.12.011"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Snowmass Village","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.989321,39.155859 ], [ -106.989321,39.291971 ], [ -106.897133,39.291971 ], [ -106.897133,39.155859 ], [ -106.989321,39.155859 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517042e4b05569d805a229","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pigati, Jeff S.","contributorId":60114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pigati","given":"Jeff","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Ian M. 0000-0002-3289-6337","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3289-6337","contributorId":41951,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Ian","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Kirk R.","contributorId":16877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Kirk","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Honke, Jeffrey S.","contributorId":46412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Honke","given":"Jeffrey S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Carrara, Paul E. pcarrara@usgs.gov","contributorId":1342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carrara","given":"Paul","email":"pcarrara@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Muhs, Daniel R. 0000-0001-7449-251X dmuhs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":1857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"Daniel","email":"dmuhs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Skipp, Gary","contributorId":6458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skipp","given":"Gary","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bryant, Bruce bbryant@usgs.gov","contributorId":1355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bryant","given":"Bruce","email":"bbryant@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70176295,"text":"70176295 - 2014 - Effects of woody vegetation on overbank sand transport during a large flood, Rio Puerco, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-08T14:08:09","indexId":"70176295","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of woody vegetation on overbank sand transport during a large flood, Rio Puerco, New Mexico","docAbstract":"<p><span>Distributions of woody vegetation on floodplain surfaces affect flood-flow erosion and deposition processes. A large flood along the lower Rio Puerco, New Mexico, in August 2006 caused extensive erosion in a reach that had been sprayed with herbicide in September 2003 for the purpose of saltcedar (</span><i>Tamarix</i><span> spp.) control. Large volumes of sediment, including a substantial fraction of sand, were delivered to the reach downstream, which had not been treated with herbicide. We applied physically based, one-dimensional models of flow and suspended-sediment transport to compute volume concentrations of sand in suspension in floodplain flow at a site within the sprayed reach and at a site downstream from the sprayed reach. We computed the effects of drag on woody stems in reducing the skin friction shear stress, velocity of flow, and suspended-sand transport from open paths into patches of dense stems. Total flow and suspended-sand fluxes were computed for each site using well-constrained flood-flow depths, water-surface slopes, and measured shrub characteristics. Results show that flow in open paths carried high concentrations of sand in suspension with nearly uniform vertical distributions. Drag on woody floodplain stems reduced skin friction shear stresses by two orders of magnitude, yet sufficient velocities were maintained to transport sand more than 50&nbsp;m into fields of dense, free-surface-penetrating stems. An increase in shrub canopy extent from 31% in the sprayed reach site to 49% in the downstream site was found to account for 69% of the computed decrease in discharge between the two sites. The results demonstrate the need to compute the spatial distribution of skin friction shear stress in order to effectively compute suspended-sand transport and to predict the fate of sediment and contaminants carried in suspension during large floods.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.10.025","usgsCitation":"Griffin, E.R., Perignon, M.C., Friedman, J.M., and Tucker, G., 2014, Effects of woody vegetation on overbank sand transport during a large flood, Rio Puerco, New Mexico: Geomorphology, v. 207, p. 30-50, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.10.025.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"30","endPage":"50","ipdsId":"IP-044985","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328337,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":335013,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F72N50CM","text":"Lower Rio Puerco geospatial data, 1935 - 2014"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Rio Puerco","volume":"207","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57d13a3ae4b0571647cf8dcd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Griffin, Eleanor R. 0000-0001-6724-9853 egriffin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6724-9853","contributorId":1775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"Eleanor","email":"egriffin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":648241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perignon, Mariela C.","contributorId":174409,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Perignon","given":"Mariela","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":27450,"text":"CIRES, UC Boulder","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":648290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Friedman, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-1329-0663 friedmanj@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-0663","contributorId":2473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Jonathan","email":"friedmanj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":648242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tucker, Gregory E.","contributorId":39280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tucker","given":"Gregory E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":648244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70131489,"text":"70131489 - 2014 - Africa-wide monitoring of small surface water bodies using multisource satellite data: A monitoring system for FEWS NET","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-26T14:20:47.474944","indexId":"70131489","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"5","title":"Africa-wide monitoring of small surface water bodies using multisource satellite data: A monitoring system for FEWS NET","docAbstract":"<p>Continental Africa has the highest volume of water stored in wetlands, large lakes, reservoirs, and rivers, yet it suffers from problems such as water availability and access. With climate change intensifying the hydrologic cycle and altering the distribution and frequency of rainfall, the problem of water availability and access will increase further. Famine&nbsp;Early Warning Systems&nbsp;Network (FEWS NET) funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) has initiated a large-scale project to monitor small to medium surface water points in Africa. Under this project, multisource satellite data and hydrologic modeling techniques are integrated to monitor several hundreds of small to medium surface water points in Africa. This approach has been already tested to operationally monitor 41 water points in East Africa. The validation of modeled scaled depths with field-installed gauge data demonstrated the ability of the model to capture both the spatial patterns and seasonal variations. Modeled scaled estimates captured up to 60 % of the observed gauge variability with a mean root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 22 %. The data on relative water level, precipitation, and evapotranspiration (ETo) for water points in&nbsp;East and West&nbsp;Africa were modeled since 1998 and current information is being made available in near-real time. This chapter presents the approach, results from the East African study, and the first phase of expansion activities in the West Africa region. The water point monitoring network will be further expanded to cover much of sub-Saharan Africa. The goal of this study is to provide timely information on the water availability that would support already established FEWS NET activities in Africa. This chapter also presents the potential improvements in modeling approach to be implemented during future expansion in Africa.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nile River Basin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-02720-3_5","usgsCitation":"Velpuri, N.M., Senay, G.B., Rowland, J., Verdin, J.P., and Alemu, H., 2014, Africa-wide monitoring of small surface water bodies using multisource satellite data: A monitoring system for FEWS NET, chap. 5 <i>of</i> Nile River Basin, p. 69-95, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02720-3_5.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"69","endPage":"95","numberOfPages":"27","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052450","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296230,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Africa","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -21.796875,\n              -35.17380831799957\n            ],\n            [\n              -21.796875,\n              37.85750715625203\n            ],\n            [\n              51.50390625,\n              37.85750715625203\n            ],\n            [\n              51.50390625,\n              -35.17380831799957\n            ],\n            [\n              -21.796875,\n              -35.17380831799957\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  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G.","contributorId":127537,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Setegn","given":"Shimelis","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":7017,"text":"Florida International University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525614,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Velpuri, Naga Manohar 0000-0002-6370-1926 nvelpuri@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6370-1926","contributorId":4441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Velpuri","given":"Naga","email":"nvelpuri@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Manohar","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":521260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Senay, Gabriel B. 0000-0002-8810-8539 senay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":3114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"Gabriel","email":"senay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":521261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rowland, James 0000-0003-4837-3511 rowland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4837-3511","contributorId":3108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowland","given":"James","email":"rowland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":521263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Verdin, James P. 0000-0003-0238-9657 verdin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0238-9657","contributorId":720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"James","email":"verdin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":521264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Alemu, Henok","contributorId":124527,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alemu","given":"Henok","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5087,"text":"Geographic Information Science Center of Excellence (GIScCE), South Dakota State University, Brookings, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":521262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70138505,"text":"70138505 - 2014 - Methylmercury production in and export from agricultural wetlands in California, USA: the need to account for physical transport processes into and out of the root zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-20T11:34:12","indexId":"70138505","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methylmercury production in and export from agricultural wetlands in California, USA: the need to account for physical transport processes into and out of the root zone","docAbstract":"<p><span>Concentration and mass balance analyses were used to quantify methylmercury (MeHg) loads from conventional (white) rice, wild rice, and fallowed fields in northern California's Yolo Bypass. These analyses were standardized against chloride to distinguish transport pathways and net ecosystem production (NEP). During summer, chloride loads were both exported with surface water and moved into the root zone at a 2:1 ratio. MeHg and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) behaved similarly with surface water and root zone exports at ~&nbsp;3:1 ratio. These trends reversed in winter with DOC, MeHg, and chloride moving from the root zone to surface waters at rates opposite and exceeding summertime root zone fluxes. These trends suggest that summer transpiration advectively moves constituents from surface water into the root zone, and winter diffusion, driven by concentration gradients, subsequently releases those constituents into surface waters. The results challenge a number of paradigms regarding MeHg. Specifically, biogeochemical conditions favoring microbial MeHg production do not necessarily translate to synchronous surface water exports; MeHg may be preserved in the soils allowing for release at a later time; and plants play a role in both biogeochemistry and transport. Our calculations show that NEP of MeHg occurred during both summer irrigation and winter flooding. Wild rice wet harvesting and winter flooding of white rice fields were specific practices that increased MeHg export, both presumably related to increased labile organic carbon and disturbance. Outflow management during these times could reduce MeHg exports. Standardizing MeHg outflow:inflow concentration ratios against natural tracers (e.g. chloride, EC) provides a simple tool to identify NEP periods. Summer MeHg exports averaged 0.2 to 1&nbsp;&mu;g&nbsp;m</span><sup>&minus;&nbsp;2</sup><span>&nbsp;for the different agricultural wetland fields, depending upon flood duration. Average winter MeHg exports were estimated at 0.3&nbsp;&mu;g&nbsp;m</span><sup>&minus;&nbsp;2</sup><span>. These exports are within the range reported for other shallow aquatic systems.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.11.086","usgsCitation":"Bachand, P., Bachand, S., Fleck, J., Alpers, C.N., Stephenson, M., and Windham-Myers, L., 2014, Methylmercury production in and export from agricultural wetlands in California, USA: the need to account for physical transport processes into and out of the root zone: Science of the Total Environment, v. 472, p. 957-970, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.11.086.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"957","endPage":"970","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-036820","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297385,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Yolo Bypass Wildlife Area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.70242309570312,\n              38.42347008084994\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.70242309570312,\n              38.59326051987162\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.57196044921875,\n              38.59326051987162\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.57196044921875,\n              38.42347008084994\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.70242309570312,\n              38.42347008084994\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"472","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2bfbe4b08de9379b35c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bachand, Philip","contributorId":81013,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bachand","given":"Philip","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12526,"text":"Bachand & Associates","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bachand, Sandra M.","contributorId":45542,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bachand","given":"Sandra M.","affiliations":[{"id":12526,"text":"Bachand & Associates","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fleck, Jacob A. 0000-0002-3217-3972 jafleck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3217-3972","contributorId":1498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleck","given":"Jacob A.","email":"jafleck@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":538759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stephenson, Mark","contributorId":56951,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stephenson","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Windham-Myers, Lisamarie 0000-0003-0281-9581 lwindham-myers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0281-9581","contributorId":2449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Windham-Myers","given":"Lisamarie","email":"lwindham-myers@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70144442,"text":"70144442 - 2014 - Coupled hydrological and biogeochemical processes controlling variability of nitrogen species in streamflow during autumn in an upland forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-30T15:20:16","indexId":"70144442","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coupled hydrological and biogeochemical processes controlling variability of nitrogen species in streamflow during autumn in an upland forest","docAbstract":"<p><span>Autumn is a season of dynamic change in forest streams of the northeastern United States due to effects of leaf fall on both hydrology and biogeochemistry. Few studies have explored how interactions of biogeochemical transformations, various nitrogen sources, and catchment flow paths affect stream nitrogen variation during autumn. To provide more information on this critical period, we studied (1) the timing, duration, and magnitude of changes to stream nitrate, dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), and ammonium concentrations; (2) changes in nitrate sources and cycling; and (3) source areas of the landscape that most influence stream nitrogen. We collected samples at higher temporal resolution for a longer duration than typical studies of stream nitrogen during autumn. This sampling scheme encompassed the patterns and extremes that occurred during base flow and stormflow events of autumn. Base flow nitrate concentrations decreased by an order of magnitude from 5.4 to 0.7 &micro;mol L</span><sup>&minus;1</sup><span><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span>during the week when most leaves fell from deciduous trees. Changes to rates of biogeochemical transformations during autumn base flow explained the low nitrate concentrations; in-stream transformations retained up to 72% of the nitrate that entered a stream reach. A decrease of in-stream nitrification coupled with heterotrophic nitrate cycling were primary factors in the seasonal nitrate decline. The period of low nitrate concentrations ended with a storm event in which stream nitrate concentrations increased by 25-fold. In the ensuing weeks, peak stormflow nitrate concentrations progressively decreased over closely spaced, yet similarly sized events. Most stormflow nitrate originated from nitrification in near-stream areas with occasional, large inputs of unprocessed atmospheric nitrate, which has rarely been reported for nonsnowmelt events. A maximum input of 33% unprocessed atmospheric nitrate to the stream occurred during one event. Large inputs of unprocessed atmospheric nitrate show direct and rapid effects on forest streams that may be widespread, although undocumented, throughout nitrogen-polluted temperate forests. In contrast to a week-long nitrate decline during peak autumn litterfall, base flow DON concentrations increased after leaf fall and remained high for 2 months. Dissolved organic nitrogen was hydrologically flushed to the stream from riparian soils during stormflow. In contrast to distinct seasonal changes in base flow nitrate and DON concentrations, ammonium concentrations were typically at or below the detection limit, similar to the rest of the year. Our findings reveal couplings among catchment flow paths, nutrient sources, and transformations that control seasonal extremes of stream nitrogen in forested landscapes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, Inc.","doi":"10.1002/2013WR013670","usgsCitation":"Sebestyen, S.D., Shanley, J.B., Boyer, E.W., Kendall, C., and Doctor, D.H., 2014, Coupled hydrological and biogeochemical processes controlling variability of nitrogen species in streamflow during autumn in an upland forest: Water Resources Research, v. 50, no. 2, p. 1569-1591, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013WR013670.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"1569","endPage":"1591","numberOfPages":"23","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051358","costCenters":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473199,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2013wr013670","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":299159,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Vermont","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -72.13794708251953,\n              44.51878604321945\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.22721099853516,\n              44.39625939021994\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.16850280761719,\n              44.38521938054099\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.17056274414062,\n              44.37196862007497\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.09468841552734,\n              44.35773298166116\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.04627990722656,\n              44.39895774251037\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.08404541015625,\n              44.51070720877548\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.13794708251953,\n              44.51878604321945\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"50","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"551a75cde4b0323842783502","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sebestyen, Stephen D.","contributorId":107562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sebestyen","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":543654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shanley, James B. 0000-0002-4234-3437 jshanley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4234-3437","contributorId":1953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"James","email":"jshanley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boyer, Elizabeth W.","contributorId":44659,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyer","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":7260,"text":"Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kendall, Carol 0000-0002-0247-3405 ckendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":1462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"Carol","email":"ckendall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Doctor, Daniel H. 0000-0002-8338-9722 dhdoctor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8338-9722","contributorId":2037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doctor","given":"Daniel","email":"dhdoctor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70144299,"text":"70144299 - 2014 - Quantifying the predictive consequences of model error with linear subspace analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-27T10:38:04","indexId":"70144299","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying the predictive consequences of model error with linear subspace analysis","docAbstract":"<p><span>All computer models are simplified and imperfect simulators of complex natural systems. The discrepancy arising from simplification induces bias in model predictions, which may be amplified by the process of model calibration. This paper presents a new method to identify and quantify the predictive consequences of calibrating a simplified computer model. The method is based on linear theory, and it scales efficiently to the large numbers of parameters and observations characteristic of groundwater and petroleum reservoir models. The method is applied to a range of predictions made with a synthetic integrated surface-water/groundwater model with thousands of parameters. Several different observation processing strategies and parameterization/regularization approaches are examined in detail, including use of the Karhunen-Lo&egrave;ve parameter transformation. Predictive bias arising from model error is shown to be prediction specific and often invisible to the modeler. The amount of calibration-induced bias is influenced by several factors, including how expert knowledge is applied in the design of parameterization schemes, the number of parameters adjusted during calibration, how observations and model-generated counterparts are processed, and the level of fit with observations achieved through calibration. Failure to properly implement any of these factors in a prediction-specific manner may increase the potential for predictive bias in ways that are not visible to the calibration and uncertainty analysis process.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/2013WR014767","usgsCitation":"White, J., Doherty, J.E., and Hughes, J.D., 2014, Quantifying the predictive consequences of model error with linear subspace analysis: Water Resources Research, v. 50, no. 2, p. 1152-1173, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013WR014767.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1152","endPage":"1173","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051515","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473198,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2013wr014767","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":299024,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55167f36e4b0323842781b0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Jeremy T. jwhite@usgs.gov","contributorId":3930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Jeremy T.","email":"jwhite@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":270,"text":"FLWSC-Tampa","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":543460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doherty, John E.","contributorId":8817,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Doherty","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7046,"text":"Watermark Numerical Computing","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hughes, Joseph D. 0000-0003-1311-2354 jdhughes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1311-2354","contributorId":2492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"Joseph","email":"jdhughes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70148692,"text":"70148692 - 2014 - Temporal variation in development of ecosystem services from oyster reef restoration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-01T14:15:19","indexId":"70148692","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1454,"text":"Ecological Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal variation in development of ecosystem services from oyster reef restoration","docAbstract":"<p><span>Restoration ecology relies heavily on ecosystem development theories that generally assume development of fully functioning natural systems over time, but often fail to identify the time-frame required for provision of desired functions, or acknowledge different pathways of functional development. In estuaries, a decline of overall habitat quality and functioning has led to significant efforts to restore critical ecosystem services, recently through the creation and restoration of oyster reefs. Oyster reef restoration generally occurs with goals of (1) increasing water quality via filtration through sustainable oyster recruitment, (2) stabilizing shorelines, and (3) creating and enhancing critical estuarine habitat for fish and invertebrates. We restored over 260&nbsp;m</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;of oyster reef habitat in coastal Louisiana and followed the development and provision of these ecosystem services from 2009 through 2012. Oysters recruited to reefs immediately, with densities of oysters greater than 75&nbsp;mm exceeding 80&nbsp;ind&nbsp;m</span><sup>&minus;2</sup><span>&nbsp;after 3 years, and provision of filtration rates of 1002&nbsp;&plusmn;&nbsp;187&nbsp;L&nbsp;h</span><sup>&minus;1</sup><span>&nbsp;m</span><sup>&minus;2</sup><span>; shoreline stabilization effects of the created reefs were minimal over the three years of monitoring, with some evidence of positive shoreline stabilization during higher wind/energy events only; increased nekton abundance of resident, but not larger transient fish was immediately measurable at the reefs, however, this failed to increase through time. Our results provide critical insights into the development trajectories of ecosystem services provided by restored oyster reefs, as well as the mechanisms mediating these changes. This is critical both ecologically to understand how and where a reef thrives, and for policy and management to guide decision-making related to oyster reef restoration and the crediting and accounting of ecosystem services.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.12.001","usgsCitation":"LaPeyre, M.K., Humphries, A.T., Casas, S.M., and La Peyre, J.F., 2014, Temporal variation in development of ecosystem services from oyster reef restoration: Ecological Engineering, v. 63, p. 34-44, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.12.001.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"34","endPage":"44","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-045902","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305548,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","county":"Terrebonne Parish","otherGeospatial":"Caillou Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.966796875,\n              29.200123477644983\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.966796875,\n              29.269029832984536\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.87203979492188,\n              29.269029832984536\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.87203979492188,\n              29.200123477644983\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.966796875,\n              29.200123477644983\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"63","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55950f38e4b0b6d21dd6cc07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"LaPeyre, Megan K. 0000-0001-9936-2252 mlapeyre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9936-2252","contributorId":585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaPeyre","given":"Megan","email":"mlapeyre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":549059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Humphries, Austin T.","contributorId":15943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Humphries","given":"Austin","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Casas, Sandra M.","contributorId":145452,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Casas","given":"Sandra","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"La Peyre, Jerome F.","contributorId":34697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"La Peyre","given":"Jerome","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70189780,"text":"70189780 - 2014 - Maximum magnitude earthquakes induced by fluid injection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-26T11:07:34","indexId":"70189780","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Maximum magnitude earthquakes induced by fluid injection","docAbstract":"<p><span>Analysis of numerous case histories of earthquake sequences induced by fluid injection at depth reveals that the maximum magnitude appears to be limited according to the total volume of fluid injected. Similarly, the maximum seismic moment seems to have an upper bound proportional to the total volume of injected fluid. Activities involving fluid injection include (1) hydraulic fracturing of shale formations or coal seams to extract gas and oil, (2) disposal of wastewater from these gas and oil activities by injection into deep aquifers, and (3) the development of enhanced geothermal systems by injecting water into hot, low-permeability rock. Of these three operations, wastewater disposal is observed to be associated with the largest earthquakes, with maximum magnitudes sometimes exceeding 5. To estimate the maximum earthquake that could be induced by a given fluid injection project, the rock mass is assumed to be fully saturated, brittle, to respond to injection with a sequence of earthquakes localized to the region weakened by the pore pressure increase of the injection operation and to have a Gutenberg-Richter magnitude distribution with a&nbsp;</span><i>b</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>value of 1. If these assumptions correctly describe the circumstances of the largest earthquake, then the maximum seismic moment is limited to the volume of injected liquid times the modulus of rigidity. Observations from the available case histories of earthquakes induced by fluid injection are consistent with this bound on seismic moment. In view of the uncertainties in this analysis, however, this should not be regarded as an absolute physical limit.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1002/2013JB010597","usgsCitation":"McGarr, A.F., 2014, Maximum magnitude earthquakes induced by fluid injection: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 119, no. 2, p. 1008-1019, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JB010597.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1008","endPage":"1019","ipdsId":"IP-053945","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473196,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2013jb010597","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":344323,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"119","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5979aa57e4b0ec1a488b8c37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGarr, Arthur F. 0000-0001-9769-4093 mcgarr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9769-4093","contributorId":3178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGarr","given":"Arthur","email":"mcgarr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70189679,"text":"70189679 - 2014 - Evaluation of wastewater contaminant transport in surface waters using verified Lagrangian sampling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T16:50:42","indexId":"70189679","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of wastewater contaminant transport in surface waters using verified Lagrangian sampling","docAbstract":"<p><span>Contaminants released from wastewater treatment plants can persist in surface waters for substantial distances. Much research has gone into evaluating the fate and transport of these contaminants, but this work has often assumed constant flow from wastewater treatment plants. However, effluent discharge commonly varies widely over a 24-hour period, and this variation controls contaminant loading and can profoundly influence interpretations of environmental data. We show that methodologies relying on the normalization of downstream data to conservative elements can give spurious results, and should not be used unless it can be verified that the same parcel of water was sampled. Lagrangian sampling, which in theory samples the same water parcel as it moves downstream (the Lagrangian parcel), links hydrologic and chemical transformation processes so that the in-stream fate of wastewater contaminants can be quantitatively evaluated. However, precise Lagrangian sampling is difficult, and small deviations – such as missing the Lagrangian parcel by less than 1</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>h – can cause large differences in measured concentrations of all dissolved compounds at downstream sites, leading to erroneous conclusions regarding in-stream processes controlling the fate and transport of wastewater contaminants. Therefore, we have developed a method termed “verified Lagrangian” sampling, which can be used to determine if the Lagrangian parcel was actually sampled, and if it was not, a means for correcting the data to reflect the concentrations which would have been obtained had the Lagrangian parcel been sampled. To apply the method, it is necessary to have concentration data for a number of conservative constituents from the upstream, effluent, and downstream sites, along with upstream and effluent concentrations that are constant over the short-term (typically 2–4</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>h). These corrections can subsequently be applied to all data, including non-conservative constituents. Finally, we show how data from other studies can be corrected.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.09.079","usgsCitation":"Antweiler, R.C., Writer, J.H., and Murphy, S.F., 2014, Evaluation of wastewater contaminant transport in surface waters using verified Lagrangian sampling: Science of the Total Environment, v. 470-471, p. 551-558, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.09.079.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"551","endPage":"558","ipdsId":"IP-042105","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344087,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"470-471","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59706fbce4b0d1f9f065a8fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Antweiler, Ronald C. 0000-0001-5652-6034 antweil@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5652-6034","contributorId":1481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Antweiler","given":"Ronald","email":"antweil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Writer, Jeffrey H. jwriter@usgs.gov","contributorId":1393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Writer","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jwriter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":705758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murphy, Sheila F. 0000-0002-5481-3635 sfmurphy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5481-3635","contributorId":1854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"Sheila","email":"sfmurphy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70181780,"text":"70181780 - 2014 - Thermal-maturity limit for primary thermogenic-gas generation from humic coals as determined by hydrous pyrolysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-14T10:36:55","indexId":"70181780","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":605,"text":"AAPG Bulletin","printIssn":"0149-1423","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermal-maturity limit for primary thermogenic-gas generation from humic coals as determined by hydrous pyrolysis","docAbstract":"<p><span>Hydrous-pyrolysis experiments at 360°C (680°F) for 72&nbsp;h were conducted on 53 humic coals representing ranks from lignite through anthracite to determine the upper maturity limit for hydrocarbon-gas generation from their kerogen and associated bitumen (i.e., primary gas generation). These experimental conditions are below those needed for oil cracking to ensure that generated gas was not derived from the decomposition of expelled oil generated from some of the coals (i.e., secondary gas generation). Experimental results showed that generation of hydrocarbon gas ends before a vitrinite reflectance </span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2014/12dec/BLTN13204/EQUATIONS/BLTN13204eq1.JPG\" alt=\"BLTN13204eq1\" data-mce-src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2014/12dec/BLTN13204/EQUATIONS/BLTN13204eq1.JPG\"><span> of 2.0%. This reflectance is equivalent to Rock-Eval maximum-yield temperature </span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2014/12dec/BLTN13204/EQUATIONS/BLTN13204eq2.JPG\" alt=\"BLTN13204eq2\" data-mce-src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2014/12dec/BLTN13204/EQUATIONS/BLTN13204eq2.JPG\"><span> and hydrogen indices (HIs) of 555°C (1031°F) and 35&nbsp;mg/g total organic carbon (TOC), respectively. At these maturity levels, essentially no soluble bitumen is present in the coals before or after hydrous pyrolysis. The equivalent kerogen atomic H/C ratio is 0.50 at the primary gas-generation limit and indicates that no alkyl moieties are remaining to source hydrocarbon gases. The convergence of atomic H/C ratios of type-II and -I kerogen to this same value at a reflectance of </span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2014/12dec/BLTN13204/EQUATIONS/BLTN13204eq3.JPG\" alt=\"BLTN13204eq3\" data-mce-src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2014/12dec/BLTN13204/EQUATIONS/BLTN13204eq3.JPG\"><span> indicates that the primary gas-generation limits for humic coal and type-III kerogen also apply to oil-prone kerogen. Although gas generation from source rocks does not exceed vitrinite reflectance values greater than </span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2014/12dec/BLTN13204/EQUATIONS/BLTN13204eq4.JPG\" alt=\"BLTN13204eq4\" data-mce-src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2014/12dec/BLTN13204/EQUATIONS/BLTN13204eq4.JPG\"><span>, trapped hydrocarbon gases can remain stable at higher reflectance values. Distinguishing trapped gas from generated gas in hydrous-pyrolysis experiments is readily determined by </span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2014/12dec/BLTN13204/EQUATIONS/BLTN13204eq5.JPG\" alt=\"BLTN13204eq5\" data-mce-src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2014/12dec/BLTN13204/EQUATIONS/BLTN13204eq5.JPG\"><span> of the hydrocarbon gases when a </span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2014/12dec/BLTN13204/EQUATIONS/BLTN13204eq6.JPG\" alt=\"BLTN13204eq6\" data-mce-src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2014/12dec/BLTN13204/EQUATIONS/BLTN13204eq6.JPG\"><span>-depleted water is used in the experiments. Water serves as a source of hydrogen in hydrous pyrolysis and, as a result, the use of </span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2014/12dec/BLTN13204/EQUATIONS/BLTN13204eq7.JPG\" alt=\"BLTN13204eq7\" data-mce-src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2014/12dec/BLTN13204/EQUATIONS/BLTN13204eq7.JPG\"><span>-depleted water is reflected in the generated gases but not pre-existing trapped gases.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AAPG","doi":"10.1306/06021413204","usgsCitation":"Lewan, M., and Kotarba, M., 2014, Thermal-maturity limit for primary thermogenic-gas generation from humic coals as determined by hydrous pyrolysis: AAPG Bulletin, v. 98, no. 12, p. 2581-2610, https://doi.org/10.1306/06021413204.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"2581","endPage":"2610","ipdsId":"IP-051905","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335323,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"98","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a42534e4b0c825128ad434","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lewan, Michael 0000-0001-6347-1553 mlewan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6347-1553","contributorId":173938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewan","given":"Michael","email":"mlewan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":668521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kotarba, M.J.","contributorId":181531,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kotarba","given":"M.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70059286,"text":"ds810 - 2014 - Compilation of hydrologic data for White Sands pupfish habitat and nonhabitat areas, northern Tularosa Basin, White Sands Missile Range and Holloman Air Force Base, New Mexico, 1911-2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-31T14:55:56","indexId":"ds810","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-31T14:42:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"810","title":"Compilation of hydrologic data for White Sands pupfish habitat and nonhabitat areas, northern Tularosa Basin, White Sands Missile Range and Holloman Air Force Base, New Mexico, 1911-2008","docAbstract":"<p>The White Sands pupfish (<i>Cyprinodon tularosa</i>), listed as threatened by the State of New Mexico and as a Federal species of concern, is endemic to the Tularosa Basin, New Mexico. Because water quality can affect pupfish and the environmental conditions of their habitat, a comprehensive compilation of hydrologic data for pupfish habitat and nonhabitat areas in the northern Tularosa Basin was undertaken by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with White Sands Missile Range.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The four locations within the Tularosa Basin that are known pupfish habitat areas are the Salt Creek, Malpais Spring and Malpais Salt Marsh, Main Mound Spring, and Lost River habitat areas. Streamflow data from the Salt Creek near Tularosa streamflow-gaging station indicated that the average annual mean streamflow and average annual total streamflow for water years 1995–2008 were 1.35 cubic feet per second (ft<sup>3</sup>/s) and 983 acre-feet, respectively. Periods of no flow were observed in water years 2002 through 2006. Dissolved-solids concentrations in Salt Creek samples collected from 1911 through 2007 ranged from 2,290 to 66,700 milligrams per liter (mg/L).</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The average annual mean streamflow and average annual total streamflow at the Malpais Spring near Oscura streamflow-gaging station for water years 2003–8 were 6.81 ft<sup>3</sup>/s and 584 acre-feet, respectively. Dissolved-solids concentrations for 16 Malpais Spring samples ranged from 3,882 to 5,500 mg/L. Isotopic data for a Malpais Spring near Oscura water sample collected in 1982 indicated that the water was more than 27,900 years old.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Streamflow from Main Mound Spring was estimated at 0.007 ft<sup>3</sup>/s in 1955 and 1957 and ranged from 0.02 to 0.07 ft<sup>3</sup>/s from 1996 to 2001. Dissolved-solids concentrations in samples collected between 1955 and 2007 ranged from an estimated 3,760 to 4,240 mg/L in the upper pond and 4,840 to 5,120 mg/L in the lower pond. Isotopic data for a Main Mound Spring water sample collected in 1982 indicated that the water was about 19,600 years old.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Dissolved-solids concentrations of Lost River samples collected from 1984 to 1999 ranged from 8,930 to 118,000 (estimated) mg/L.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Dissolved-solids concentrations in samples from nonhabitat area sites ranged from 1,740 to 54,200 (estimated) mg/L. In general, water collected from pupfish nonhabitat area sites tends to have larger proportions of calcium, magnesium, and sulfate than water from pupfish habitat area sites. Water from springs associated with mounds in pupfish nonhabitat areas was of a similar type (calcium-sulfate) to water associated with mounds in pupfish habitat areas. Alkali Spring had a sodium-chloride water type, but the proportions of sodium-chloride and magnesium-sulfate are unique as compared to samples from other sites.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds810","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with White Sands Missile Range","usgsCitation":"Naus, C., Myers, R.G., Saleh, D., and Myers, N.C., 2014, Compilation of hydrologic data for White Sands pupfish habitat and nonhabitat areas, northern Tularosa Basin, White Sands Missile Range and Holloman Air Force Base, New Mexico, 1911-2008: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 810, Report: v, 35 p.; 2 Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds810.","productDescription":"Report: v, 35 p.; 2 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"44","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1911-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-014607","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281855,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/810/"},{"id":281856,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/810/pdf/ds810.pdf"},{"id":281857,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/810/downloads/ds810_appendix1.pdf"},{"id":281866,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds810.jpg"},{"id":281858,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/810/downloads/ds810_appendix2.xlsx"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Lost River;Main Mound Spring;Malpais Salt Marsh;Malpais Spring;Salt Creek;Tularosa Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.6056,31.241 ], [ -107.6056,34.289 ], [ -105.3836,34.289 ], [ -105.3836,31.241 ], [ -107.6056,31.241 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd522fe4b0b290850f45e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Naus, C.A.","contributorId":47693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naus","given":"C.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Myers, R. G.","contributorId":30642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myers","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Saleh, D.K. 0000-0002-1406-9303","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1406-9303","contributorId":82748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saleh","given":"D.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Myers, N. C.","contributorId":13622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myers","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70074330,"text":"gip155 - 2014 - Flood-tracking chart for the Withlacoochee and Little River Basins in south-central Georgia and northern Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-07T12:13:36","indexId":"gip155","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-31T12:23:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":315,"text":"General Information Product","code":"GIP","onlineIssn":"2332-354X","printIssn":"2332-3531","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"155","title":"Flood-tracking chart for the Withlacoochee and Little River Basins in south-central Georgia and northern Florida","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with other Federal, State, and local agencies, operates a flood-monitoring system in the Withlacoochee and Little River Basins. This system is a network of automated river stage stations (ten are shown on page 2 of this publication) that transmit stage data through satellite telemetry to the USGS in Atlanta, Georgia and the National Weather Service (NWS) in Peachtree City, Georgia. During floods, the public and emergency response agencies use this information to make decisions about road closures, evacuations, and other public safety issues.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>This Withlacoochee and Little River Basins flood-tracking chart can be used by local citizens and emergency response personnel to record the latest river stage and predicted flood-crest information along the Withlacoochee River, Little River, and Okapilco Creek in south-central Georgia and northern Florida. By comparing the current stage (water-surface level above a datum) and predicted flood crest to the recorded peak stages of previous floods, emergency response personnel and residents can make informed decisions concerning the threat to life and property.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/gip155","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Valdosta, Lowndes County, Suwannee River Water Management District, and National Weather Service","usgsCitation":"Gotvald, A.J., McCallum, B.E., and Painter, J.A., 2014, Flood-tracking chart for the Withlacoochee and Little River Basins in south-central Georgia and northern Florida: U.S. Geological Survey General Information Product 155, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/gip155.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","ipdsId":"IP-051580","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281834,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/0155/"},{"id":281835,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/0155/pdf/gip-155.pdf"},{"id":281836,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/gip155.jpg"}],"datum":"North American Vertical Datum of 1988","country":"United States","state":"Florida, Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Little River Basin, Okapilco Creek, Withlacoochee River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83.736458,30.26011 ], [ -83.736458,31.854235 ], [ -83.034668,31.854235 ], [ -83.034668,30.26011 ], [ -83.736458,30.26011 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd59b7e4b0b290850f8e4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gotvald, Anthony J. 0000-0002-9019-750X agotvald@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9019-750X","contributorId":1970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gotvald","given":"Anthony","email":"agotvald@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCallum, Brian E. 0000-0002-8935-0343 bemccall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8935-0343","contributorId":1591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCallum","given":"Brian","email":"bemccall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Painter, Jaime A. 0000-0001-8883-9158 jpainter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8883-9158","contributorId":1466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Painter","given":"Jaime","email":"jpainter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70074531,"text":"ofr20141016 - 2014 - Methow and Columbia Rivers studies: summary of data collection, comparison of database structure and habitat protocols, and impact of additional PIT tag interrogation systems to survival estimates, 2008-2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-31T12:09:04","indexId":"ofr20141016","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-31T12:01:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1016","title":"Methow and Columbia Rivers studies: summary of data collection, comparison of database structure and habitat protocols, and impact of additional PIT tag interrogation systems to survival estimates, 2008-2012","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) received funding from the Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) to provide monitoring and evaluation on the effectiveness of stream restoration efforts by Reclamation in the Methow River watershed. This monitoring and evaluation program is designed to partially fulfill Reclamation’s part of the 2008 Biological Opinion for the Federal Columbia River Power System that includes a Reasonable and Prudent Alternative (RPA) to protect listed salmon and steelhead across their life cycle. The target species in the Methow River for the restoration effort include Upper Columbia River (UCR) spring Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), UCR steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss), and bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus), which are listed as threatened or endangered under the Endangered Species Act.\n\nSince 2004, the USGS has completed two projects of monitoring and evaluation in the Methow River watershed. The first project focused on the evaluation of barrier removal and steelhead recolonization in Beaver Creek with Libby and Gold Creeks acting as controls. The majority of this work was completed by 2008, although some monitoring continued through 2012.\n\nThe second project (2008–2012) evaluated the use and productivity of the middle Methow River reach (rkm 65–80) before the onset of multiple off-channel restoration projects planned by the Reclamation and Yakama Nation. The upper Methow River (upstream of rkm 80) and Chewuch River serve as reference reaches and the Methow River downstream of the Twisp River (downstream of rkm 65) serves as a control reach. Restoration of the M2 reach was initiated in 2012 and will be followed by a multi-year, intensive post-evaluation period.\n\nThis report is comprised of three chapters covering different aspects of the work completed by the USGS. The first chapter is a review of data collection that documents the methods used and summarizes the work done by the USGS from 2008 through 2012. This data summary was designed to show some initial analysis and to disseminate summary information that could potentially be used in ongoing modeling efforts by USGS, Reclamation, and University of Idaho. The second chapter documents the database of fish and habitat data collected by USGS from 2004 through 2012 and compares USGS habitat protocols to the Columbia Habitat Monitoring Program (CHaMP) protocol. The third chapter is a survival analysis of fish moving through Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) tag interrogation systems in the Methow and Columbia Rivers. It examines the effects of adding PIT tags and/or PIT tag interrogation systems on survival estimates of juvenile steelhead and Chinook salmon.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141016","issn":"2331-1258","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Martens, K.D., Tibbits, W.T., Watson, G.A., Newsom, M.A., and Connolly, P., 2014, Methow and Columbia Rivers studies: summary of data collection, comparison of database structure and habitat protocols, and impact of additional PIT tag interrogation systems to survival estimates, 2008-2012: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1016, Report: x, 92 p.; 12 appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141016.","productDescription":"Report: x, 92 p.; 12 appendices","numberOfPages":"106","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-051467","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281830,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141016.png"},{"id":281828,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1016/"},{"id":281829,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1016/pdf/ofr2014-1016.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Methow River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.2117,48.0532 ], [ -120.2117,48.4789 ], [ -119.9268,48.4789 ], [ -119.9268,48.0532 ], [ -120.2117,48.0532 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd66f5e4b0b29085101134","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martens, Kyle D.","contributorId":12740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martens","given":"Kyle","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tibbits, Wesley T. wtibbits@usgs.gov","contributorId":4803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tibbits","given":"Wesley","email":"wtibbits@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":489609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Watson, Grace A. gwatson@usgs.gov","contributorId":5435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watson","given":"Grace","email":"gwatson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Newsom, Michael A.","contributorId":36855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newsom","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Connolly, Patrick J. 0000-0001-7365-7618 pconnolly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7365-7618","contributorId":2920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connolly","given":"Patrick J.","email":"pconnolly@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70073833,"text":"ds820 - 2014 - Nutrient load summaries for major lakes and estuaries of the Eastern United States, 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-18T13:52:08.876274","indexId":"ds820","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-31T10:38:54","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"820","title":"Nutrient load summaries for major lakes and estuaries of the Eastern United States, 2002","docAbstract":"Nutrient enrichment of lakes and estuaries across the Nation is widespread. Nutrient enrichment can stimulate excessive plant and algal growth and cause a number of undesirable effects that impair aquatic life and recreational activities and can also result in economic effects. Understanding the amount of nutrients entering lakes and estuaries, the physical characteristics affecting the nutrient processing within these receiving waterbodies, and the natural and manmade sources of nutrients is fundamental to the development of effective nutrient reduction strategies. To improve this understanding, sources and stream transport of nutrients to 255 major lakes and 64 estuaries in the Eastern United States were estimated using Spatially Referenced Regression on Watershed attributes (SPARROW) nutrient models.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds820","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Moorman, M.C., Hoos, A.B., Bricker, S.B., Moore, R.B., García, A., and Ator, S.W., 2014, Nutrient load summaries for major lakes and estuaries of the Eastern United States, 2002: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 820, Report: iv, 10 p.; Table 3A & 3B; 2 Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds820.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 10 p.; Table 3A & 3B; 2 Appendices","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-049636","costCenters":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281809,"rank":6,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0820/"},{"id":281810,"rank":5,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0820/pdf/ds820_text-only.pdf"},{"id":281814,"rank":1,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0820/pdf/ds820_appendix_south-only.pdf"},{"id":281813,"rank":2,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0820/pdf/ds820_appendix_north-middle-only.pdf"},{"id":281812,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0820/table/ds820_table3B_estuaries.xlsx"},{"id":281811,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0820/table/ds820_table3A_lakes.xlsx"},{"id":281815,"rank":7,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds820.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Eastern United 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abhoos@usgs.gov","contributorId":2236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoos","given":"Anne","email":"abhoos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":489103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bricker, Suzanne B.","contributorId":64555,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bricker","given":"Suzanne","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":12448,"text":"U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":489106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moore, Richard B. rmoore@usgs.gov","contributorId":1464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Richard","email":"rmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"García, Ana María","contributorId":9172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"García","given":"Ana María","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ator, Scott W. 0000-0002-9186-4837 swator@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9186-4837","contributorId":781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ator","given":"Scott","email":"swator@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":375,"text":"Maryland, Delaware, and the District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":489101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70072584,"text":"ds819 - 2014 - Benthic-invertebrate, fish-community, and streambed-sediment-chemistry data for streams in the Indianapolis metropolitan area, Indiana, 2009–2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-03T10:18:46","indexId":"ds819","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-31T10:16:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"819","title":"Benthic-invertebrate, fish-community, and streambed-sediment-chemistry data for streams in the Indianapolis metropolitan area, Indiana, 2009–2012","docAbstract":"Aquatic-biology and sediment-chemistry data were collected at seven sites on the White River and at six tributary sites in the Indianapolis metropolitan area of Indiana during the period 2009 through 2012. Data collected included benthic-invertebrate and fish-community information and concentrations of metals, insecticides, herbicides, and semivolatile organic compounds adsorbed to streambed sediments. A total of 120 benthic-invertebrate samples were collected, of which 16 were replicate samples. A total of 26 fish-community samples were collected in 2010 and 2012. Thirty streambed-sediment chemistry samples were collected in 2009 and 2011, of which four were concurrent duplicate samples","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds819","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Indianapolis Department of Public Works and CWA Authority, Inc.","usgsCitation":"Voelker, D.C., 2014, Benthic-invertebrate, fish-community, and streambed-sediment-chemistry data for streams in the Indianapolis metropolitan area, Indiana, 2009–2012: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 819, Report: ix, 8 p.; 4 Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds819.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 8 p.; 4 Appendices","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-035683","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281808,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds819.jpg"},{"id":281805,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0819/tables/ds819_table2"},{"id":281804,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0819/tables/ds819_table1"},{"id":281802,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0819/"},{"id":281803,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0819/pdf/ds819.pdf"},{"id":281806,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0819/tables/ds819_table3"},{"id":281807,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0819/tables/ds819_table4"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","city":"Indianapolis","otherGeospatial":"White River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -86.4,39.5 ], [ -86.4,40.0 ], [ -86.0,40.0 ], [ -86.0,39.5 ], [ -86.4,39.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4f34e4b0b290850f28fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Voelker, David C. dvoelker@usgs.gov","contributorId":278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voelker","given":"David","email":"dvoelker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70074638,"text":"70074638 - 2014 - A Great Lakes atmospheric mercury monitoring network: evaluation and design","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-31T09:10:27","indexId":"70074638","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-31T09:07:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":924,"text":"Atmospheric Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A Great Lakes atmospheric mercury monitoring network: evaluation and design","docAbstract":"As many as 51 mercury (Hg) wet-deposition-monitoring sites from 4 networks were operated in 8 USA states and Ontario, Canada in the North American Great Lakes Region from 1996 to 2010. By 2013, 20 of those sites were no longer in operation and approximately half the geographic area of the Region was represented by a single Hg-monitoring site. In response, a Great Lakes Atmospheric Mercury Monitoring (GLAMM) network is needed as a framework for regional collaboration in Hg-deposition monitoring. The purpose of the GLAMM network is to detect changes in regional atmospheric Hg deposition related to changes in Hg emissions. An optimized design for the network was determined to be a minimum of 21 sites in a representative and approximately uniform geographic distribution. A majority of the active and historic Hg-monitoring sites in the Great Lakes Region are part of the National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP) Mercury Deposition Network (MDN) in North America and the GLAMM network is planned to be part of the MDN.\n\nTo determine an optimized network design, active and historic Hg-monitoring sites in the Great Lakes Region were evaluated with a rating system of 21 factors that included characteristics of the monitoring locations and interpretations of Hg data. Monitoring sites were rated according to the number of Hg emissions sources and annual Hg emissions in a geographic polygon centered on each site. Hg-monitoring data from the sites were analyzed for long-term averages in weekly Hg concentrations in precipitation and weekly Hg-wet deposition, and on significant temporal trends in Hg concentrations and Hg deposition. A cluster analysis method was used to group sites with similar variability in their Hg data in order to identify sites that were unique for explaining Hg data variability in the Region. The network design included locations in protected natural areas, urban areas, Great Lakes watersheds, and in proximity to areas with a high density of annual Hg emissions and areas with high average weekly Hg wet deposition. In a statistical analysis, relatively strong, positive correlations in the wet deposition of Hg and sulfate were shown for co-located NADP Hg-monitoring and acid-rain monitoring sites in the Region. This finding indicated that efficiency in regional Hg monitoring can be improved by adding new Hg monitoring to existing NADP acid-rain monitoring sites.\n\nImplementation of the GLAMM network design will require Hg-wet-deposition monitoring to be: (a) continued at 12 MDN sites active in 2013 and (b) restarted or added at 9 NADP sites where it is absent in 2013. Ongoing discussions between the states in the Great Lakes Region, the Lake Michigan Air Directors Consortium (a regional planning entity), the NADP, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and the U.S. Geological Survey are needed for coordinating the GLAMM network.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Atmospheric Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.11.050","usgsCitation":"Risch, M.R., Kenski, D., Gay, and David, A., 2014, A Great Lakes atmospheric mercury monitoring network: evaluation and design: Atmospheric Environment, v. 85, p. 109-122, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.11.050.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"109","endPage":"122","numberOfPages":"14","ipdsId":"IP-040074","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473200,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.11.050","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":281787,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281732,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.11.050"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.0,35.0 ], [ -95.0,50.0 ], [ -70.0,50.0 ], [ -70.0,35.0 ], [ -95.0,35.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"85","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52ecc5e1e4b0e27c8af28a68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Risch, Martin R. 0000-0002-7908-7887 mrrisch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7908-7887","contributorId":2118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risch","given":"Martin","email":"mrrisch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kenski, Donna M.","contributorId":101992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kenski","given":"Donna M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gay","contributorId":128216,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Gay","id":535625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"David, A.","contributorId":84270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"David","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70189268,"text":"70189268 - 2014 - Understanding uncertainties in future Colorado River streamflow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-07T11:57:09","indexId":"70189268","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1112,"text":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","onlineIssn":"1520-0477","printIssn":"0003-0007","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Understanding uncertainties in future Colorado River streamflow","docAbstract":"The Colorado River is the primary water source for more than 30 million people in the United States and Mexico. Recent studies that project streamf low changes in the Colorado River all project annual declines, but the magnitude of the projected decreases range from less than 10% to 45% by the mid-twenty-first century. To understand these differences, we address the questions the management community has raised: Why is there such a wide range of projections of impacts of future climate change on Colorado River streamflow, and how should this uncertainty be interpreted? We identify four major sources of disparities among studies that arise from both methodological and model differences. In order of importance, these are differences in 1) the global climate models (GCMs) and emission scenarios used; 2) the ability of land surface and atmospheric models to simulate properly the high-elevation runoff source areas; 3) the sensitivities of land surface hydrology models to precipitation and temperature changes; and 4) the methods used to statistically downscale GCM scenarios. In accounting for these differences, there is substantial evidence across studies that future Colorado River streamflow will be reduced under the current trajectories of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions because of a combination of strong temperature-induced runoff curtailment and reduced annual precipitation. Reconstructions of preinstrumental streamflows provide additional insights; the greatest risk to Colorado River streamf lows is a multidecadal drought, like that observed in paleoreconstructions, exacerbated by a steady reduction in flows due to climate change. This could result in decades of sustained streamflows much lower than have been observed in the ~100 years of instrumental record.","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00228.1","usgsCitation":"Julie A. Vano, Bradley Udall, Cayan, D., Overpeck, J.T., Brekke, L., Das, T., Hartmann, H.C., Hidalgo, H.G., Hoerling, M., McCabe, G., Morino, K., Webb, R.S., Werner, K., and Lettenmaier, D.P., 2014, Understanding uncertainties in future Colorado River streamflow: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, v. 95, no. 1, p. 59-78, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00228.1.","productDescription":"20 p. ","startPage":"59","endPage":"78","ipdsId":"IP-044796","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473201,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-12-00228.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":343471,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River ","volume":"95","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59609db9e4b0d1f9f0594c44","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Julie A. Vano","contributorId":194362,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Julie A. Vano","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradley Udall","contributorId":194360,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bradley Udall","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cayan, Daniel drcayan@usgs.gov","contributorId":149912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cayan","given":"Daniel","email":"drcayan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Overpeck, Jonathan T","contributorId":194361,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Overpeck","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"T","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brekke, Levi D.","contributorId":35847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brekke","given":"Levi D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Das, Tapash","contributorId":194364,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Das","given":"Tapash","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hartmann, Holly C.","contributorId":194365,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hartmann","given":"Holly","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hidalgo, Hugo G.","contributorId":194367,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hidalgo","given":"Hugo","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hoerling, Martin P","contributorId":145843,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoerling","given":"Martin P","affiliations":[{"id":16257,"text":"NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"McCabe, Gregory J. 0000-0002-9258-2997 gmccabe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-2997","contributorId":1453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"Gregory J.","email":"gmccabe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":703841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Morino, Kiyomi","contributorId":78210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morino","given":"Kiyomi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Webb, Robert S.","contributorId":72894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Werner, Kevin","contributorId":194369,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Werner","given":"Kevin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Lettenmaier, Dennis P.","contributorId":139779,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lettenmaier","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":12763,"text":"University of California, Los Angeles","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}}
,{"id":70192062,"text":"70192062 - 2014 - Distal facies variability within the Upper Triassic part of the Otuk Formation in northern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-07T20:59:17","indexId":"70192062","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Distal facies variability within the Upper Triassic part of the Otuk Formation in northern Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>The Triassic-Jurassic Otuk Formation is a potentially important source rock in allochthonous structural positions in the northern foothills of the Brooks Range in the North Slope of Alaska. This study focuses on three localities of the Upper Triassic (Norian) limestone member, which form a present-day, 110-km-long, east-west transect in the central Brooks Range. All three sections are within the structurally lowest Endicott Mountain allochthon and are interpreted to have been deposited along a marine outer shelf with a ramp geometry.</p><p>The uppermost limestone member of the Otuk was chosen for this study in order to better understand lateral and vertical variability within carbonate source rocks, to aid prediction of organic richness, and ultimately, to evaluate the potential for these units to act as continuous (or unconventional) reservoirs. At each locality, 1 to 4 m sections of the limestone member were measured and sampled in detail to capture fine-scale features. Hand sample and thin section descriptions reveal four major microfacies in the study area, and one diagenetically recrystallized microfacies. Microfacies 1 and 2 are interpreted to represent redeposition of material by downslope transport, whereas microfacies 3 and 4 have high total organic carbon (TOC) values and are classified as primary depositional organofacies. Microfacies 3 is interpreted to have been deposited under primarily high productivity conditions, with high concentrations of radiolarian tests. Microfacies 4 was deposited under the lowest relative-oxygen conditions, but abundant thin bivalve shells indicate that the sediment-water interface was probably not anoxic.</p><p>The Otuk Formation is interpreted to have been deposited outboard of a southwest-facing ramp margin, with the location of the three limestone outcrops likely in relatively close proximity during deposition. All three sections have evidence of transported material, implying that the Triassic Alaskan Basin was not a low-energy, deep-water setting, but rather a dynamic system with intermittent, yet significant, downslope flow. Upwelling played an important role in the small-scale vertical variability in microfacies. The zone of upwelling and resultant oxygen-minimum zone may have migrated across the ramp during fourth- or fifth-order sea-level changes.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Deposits, architecture, and controls of carbonate margin, slope and basinal settings","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"SEPM Society for Sedimentary Geology","doi":"10.2110/sepmsp.105.16","usgsCitation":"Whidden, K.J., Dumoulin, J.A., Whalen, M., Hutton, E., Moore, T.E., and Gaswirth, S.B., 2014, Distal facies variability within the Upper Triassic part of the Otuk Formation in northern Alaska, chap. <i>of</i> Deposits, architecture, and controls of carbonate margin, slope and basinal settings, v. 105, https://doi.org/10.2110/sepmsp.105.16.","ipdsId":"IP-037443","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348875,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Otuk Formation","volume":"105","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6100c8e4b06e28e9c2540d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whidden, Katherine J. 0000-0002-7841-2553 kwhidden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7841-2553","contributorId":3960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whidden","given":"Katherine","email":"kwhidden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dumoulin, Julie A. 0000-0003-1754-1287 dumoulin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1754-1287","contributorId":203209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumoulin","given":"Julie","email":"dumoulin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Whalen, M.T.","contributorId":197673,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whalen","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hutton, E.","contributorId":197672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hutton","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Moore, Thomas E. 0000-0002-0878-0457 tmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0878-0457","contributorId":127538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Thomas","email":"tmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gaswirth, Stephanie B. 0000-0001-5821-6347 sgaswirth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5821-6347","contributorId":150417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaswirth","given":"Stephanie","email":"sgaswirth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70073500,"text":"70073500 - 2014 - Assessing streamflow sensitivity to variations in glacier mass balance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-24T11:29:38","indexId":"70073500","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-30T13:47:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1252,"text":"Climatic Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing streamflow sensitivity to variations in glacier mass balance","docAbstract":"The mountains ringing the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) receive upwards of 4–8 m yr<sup>−1</sup> of precipitation (Simpson et al.2005; Weingartner et al. 2005; O’Neel 2012), much of which runs off into productive coastal waters. The alpine landscape is heavily glacierized, and storage and turnover of water by glaciers substantially influences the regional surface water balance (Neal et al. 2010). In turn, the land-to-ocean flux of freshwater impacts the biogeochemistry, physical oceanography, freshwater and marine ecology of the downstream components of the GOA ecosystem (e.g., Royer et al. 2001; Hood and Scott 2008). In this way, the links between terrestrial and ocean ecosystems along the GOA have widespread impacts on regional socioeconomic issues including water and hydropower resources, fish populations, and sea level change (Dorava and Milner 2000; Royer and Grosch 2006; Cherry et al. 2010; Gardner et al. 2013). Moreover, predicting future changes in physical, chemical and biological processes in near-shore ecosystems along the GOA hinges, in part, on developing a robust understanding of water storage and transfer by glaciers through streams to the ocean.\nGlacierized basins (i.e. presently ice covered as opposed to glaciated, or historically ice covered) are very efficient producers of runoff, yielding 2–10 times greater runoff than similarly sized, non-glacierized basins (Mayo 1984). The unique energy balance that characterizes these basins (Jansson et al. 2003; Hock 2005) results in substantial alterations to streamflow, even when fractional ice coverage is very small (Stahl and Moore 2006). Consistent and precise treatment of glacier runoff is key to accurate assessment of hydrologic, ecological and socioeconomic impacts, but previously used definitions for glacier runoff are variable. They include: 1) meltwater produced as negative annual mass balance (e.g., Fountain and Tangborn 1985); 2) storage changes in the monthly water budget, where solid precipitation is balanced by melt and evaporation (Huss 2011, concept #2); 3) meltwater derived from melting ice only (irrespective of melting snow or mass balance) (Nolin et al. 2010; Huss 2011, concept #1); 4) all meltwater derived from the glacier surface (Cogley et al. 2011, meltwater runoff); 5) total runoff from the glacier surface (meltwater runoff plus rain on the glacier) (Neal et al. 2010).\nTotal glacier runoff (Definitions 4 and 5 above) includes a contribution from annual mass balance, i.e. the sum of accumulation and ablation through a mass balance year (Definition 1), or what has historically been referred to as the “net” balance (Cogley et al. 2011). Indeed, annual balance has been shown to be an important driver of streamflow trends in glacierized basins, with periods of persistent negative annual balance resulting in statistically significant increases in streamflow (e.g., Pellicciotti et al. 2010). However, in maritime climates, anomalies in glacier runoff can be disconnected from annual balance because of the high variability in winter precipitation. For example, positive anomalies in winter accumulation can result in elevated levels of glacier runoff in times of positive annual mass balance (Thayyen and Gergan 2010).\nQuantifying the impacts of changing glacier geometries (annual balance) on glacier runoff is essential for predicting future changes in streamflow in glacierized basins. However, determining the role that this component plays in total glacier runoff (Definition 5) requires consistent measurements of seasonal (or shorter period) mass balances, measurements of precipitation at multiple locations within a basin, and streamflow measurements in close proximity to a glacier’s terminus. Practical and logistical challenges associated with assembling such data sets typically preclude such partitioning. As a result, most analyses of the relationship between annual mass balance and streamflow rely on some component of model output to compute glacier runoff (e.g. Huss et al. 2008; Kaser et al. 2010). Ultimately, developing an understanding of how total glacier runoff will change in the future is critical for predicting downstream ecological impacts associated with changes in riverine fluxes of water, sediment, and solutes (e.g., metals and nutrients) to near-shore coastal ecosystems.\nThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate relationships among seasonal and annual glacier mass balances, glacier runoff and streamflow in two glacierized basins in different climate settings. We use long-term glacier mass balance and streamflow datasets from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Alaska Benchmark Glacier Program to compare and contrast glacier-streamflow interactions in a maritime climate (Wolverine Glacier) with those in a continental climate (Gulkana Glacier). Our overall goal is to improve our understanding of how glacier mass balance processes impact streamflow, ultimately improving our conceptual understanding of the future evolution of glacier runoff in continental and maritime climates.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10584-013-1042-7","usgsCitation":"O’Neel, S., Hood, E., Arendt, A., and Sass, L., 2014, Assessing streamflow sensitivity to variations in glacier mass balance: Climatic Change, v. 123, no. 2, p. 329-341, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-013-1042-7.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"329","endPage":"341","ipdsId":"IP-049370","costCenters":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473202,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-013-1042-7","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":281844,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281842,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-013-1042-7"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"123","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517024e4b05569d805a161","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Neel, Shad 0000-0002-9185-0144 soneel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9185-0144","contributorId":166740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neel","given":"Shad","email":"soneel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":107,"text":"Alaska Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hood, Eran","contributorId":106802,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hood","given":"Eran","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arendt, Anthony","contributorId":74661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arendt","given":"Anthony","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sass, Louis C. 0000-0003-4677-029X lsass@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4677-029X","contributorId":3555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sass","given":"Louis C.","email":"lsass@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70074652,"text":"70074652 - 2014 - Dynamics of submarine groundwater discharge and associated fluxes of dissolved nutrients, carbon, and trace gases to the coastal zone (Okatee River estuary, South Carolina)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-30T13:46:11","indexId":"70074652","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-30T08:28:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dynamics of submarine groundwater discharge and associated fluxes of dissolved nutrients, carbon, and trace gases to the coastal zone (Okatee River estuary, South Carolina)","docAbstract":"Multiple techniques, including thermal infrared aerial remote sensing, geophysical and geological data, geochemical characterization and radium isotopes, were used to evaluate the role of groundwater as a source of dissolved nutrients, carbon, and trace gases to the Okatee River estuary, South Carolina. Thermal infrared aerial remote sensing surveys illustrated the presence of multiple submarine groundwater discharge sites in Okatee headwaters. Significant relationships were observed between groundwater geochemical constituents and <sup>226</sup>Ra activity in groundwater with higher <sup>226</sup>Ra activity correlated to higher concentrations of organics, dissolved inorganic carbon, nutrients, and trace gases to the Okatee system. A system-level radium mass balance confirmed a substantial submarine groundwater discharge contribution of these constituents to the Okatee River. Diffusive benthic flux measurements and potential denitrification rate assays tracked the fate of constituents in creek bank sediments. Diffusive benthic fluxes were substantially lower than calculated radium-based submarine groundwater discharge inputs, showing that advection of groundwater-derived nutrients dominated fluxes in the system. While a considerable potential for denitrification in tidal creek bank sediments was noted, in situ denitrification rates were nitrate-limited, making intertidal sediments an inefficient nitrogen sink in this system. Groundwater geochemical data indicated significant differences in groundwater chemical composition and radium activity ratios between the eastern and western sides of the river; these likely arose from the distinct hydrological regimes observed in each area. Groundwater from the western side of the Okatee headwaters was characterized by higher concentrations of dissolved organic and inorganic carbon, dissolved organic nitrogen, inorganic nutrients and reduced metabolites and trace gases, i.e. methane and nitrous oxide, than groundwater from the eastern side. Differences in microbial sulfate reduction, organic matter supply, and/or groundwater residence time likely contributed to this pattern. The contrasting features of the east and west sub-marsh zones highlight the need for multiple techniques for characterization of submarine groundwater discharge sources and the impact of biogeochemical processes on the delivery of nutrients and carbon to coastal areas via submarine groundwater discharge.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2013.12.030","usgsCitation":"Porubsky, W., Weston, N., Moore, W., Ruppel, C., and Joye, S., 2014, Dynamics of submarine groundwater discharge and associated fluxes of dissolved nutrients, carbon, and trace gases to the coastal zone (Okatee River estuary, South Carolina): Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 131, p. 81-97, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2013.12.030.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"97","numberOfPages":"17","ipdsId":"IP-051744","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281785,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281783,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2013.12.030"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Okatee River Estuary","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80.95,32.26 ], [ -80.95,32.3 ], [ -80.9,32.3 ], [ -80.9,32.26 ], [ -80.95,32.26 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"131","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517035e4b05569d805a1d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Porubsky, W.P.","contributorId":32000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porubsky","given":"W.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weston, N.B.","contributorId":33221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weston","given":"N.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moore, W.S.","contributorId":90875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"W.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ruppel, C.","contributorId":82050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppel","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Joye, S.B.","contributorId":97266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joye","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70059911,"text":"sir20135240 - 2014 - Trends in precipitation, streamflow, reservoir pool elevations, and reservoir releases in Arkansas and selected sites in Louisiana, Missouri, and Oklahoma, 1951–2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-09T16:27:42","indexId":"sir20135240","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-30T07:25:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5240","title":"Trends in precipitation, streamflow, reservoir pool elevations, and reservoir releases in Arkansas and selected sites in Louisiana, Missouri, and Oklahoma, 1951–2011","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) conducted a statistical analysis of trends in precipitation, streamflow, reservoir pool elevations, and reservoir releases in Arkansas and selected sites in Louisiana, Missouri, and Oklahoma for the period 1951–2011. The Mann-Kendall test was used to test for trends in annual and seasonal precipitation, annual and seasonal streamflows of 42 continuous-record USGS streamflow-gaging stations, annual pool elevations and releases from 16 USACE reservoirs, and annual releases from 11 dams on the Arkansas River. A statistically significant (p≤0.10) upward trend was observed in annual precipitation for the State, with a Sen slope of approximately 0.10 inch per year. Autumn and winter were the only seasons that had statistically significant trends in precipitation. Five of six physiographic sections and six of seven 4-digit hydrologic unit code (HUC) regions in Arkansas had statistically significant upward trends in autumn precipitation, with Sen slopes of approximately 0.06 to 0.10 inch per year. Sixteen sites had statistically significant upward trends in the annual mean daily streamflow and were located on streams that drained regions with statistically significant upward trends in annual precipitation. Expected annual rates of change corresponding to statistically significant trends in annual mean daily streamflows, which ranged from 0.32 to 0.88 percent, were greater than those corresponding to regions with statistically significant upward trends in annual precipitation, which ranged from 0.19 to 0.28 percent, suggesting that the observed trends in regional annual precipitation do not fully account for the observed trends in annual mean daily streamflows. Trends in annual maximum daily streamflows were similar to trends in the annual mean daily streamflows but were only statistically significant at seven sites. There were more statistically significant trends (28 of 42 sites) in the annual minimum daily streamflows than in the annual means or maximums. Statistically significant trends in the annual minimum daily streamflows were upward at 18 sites and downward at 10 sites. Despite autumn being the only season that had statistically significant upward trends in seasonal precipitation, statistically significant upward trends in seasonal mean streamflows occurred in every season but spring. Trends in the annual mean, maximum, and minimum daily pool elevations of USACE reservoirs were consistent between metrics for reservoirs in the White, Arkansas, and Ouachita River watersheds, while trends varied between metrics at DeQueen Lake, Millwood Lake, and Lake Chicot. Most of the statistically significant trends in pool elevation metrics were upward and gradual—Sen slopes were less than 0.37 foot per year—and were likely the result of changes in reservoir regulation plans. Trends in the annual mean and maximum daily releases from USACE reservoirs were generally upward in all HUC regions. There were few statistically significant trends in the annual mean daily releases because the reservoirs are operated to maintain a regulation stage at a downstream site according to guidelines set forth in the regulation plans of the reservoirs. The annual number of low-flow days was both increasing and decreasing for reservoirs in northern Arkansas and southern Missouri and generally increasing for reservoirs in southern Arkansas.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135240","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Arkansas Natural Resources Commission","usgsCitation":"Wagner, D.M., Krieger, J.D., and Merriman, K.R., 2014, Trends in precipitation, streamflow, reservoir pool elevations, and reservoir releases in Arkansas and selected sites in Louisiana, Missouri, and Oklahoma, 1951–2011: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5240, vi, 61 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135240.","productDescription":"vi, 61 p.","numberOfPages":"67","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-052791","costCenters":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281685,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5240/"},{"id":281684,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5240/pdf/sir2013-5240.pdf"},{"id":281686,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135240.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas;Louisiana;Missouri;Oklahoma","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -96,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -96,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -90,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -90,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -96,8.333333333333334E-4 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd79a5e4b0b2908510cf57","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wagner, Daniel M. 0000-0002-0432-450X dwagner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0432-450X","contributorId":4531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Daniel","email":"dwagner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krieger, Joshua D.","contributorId":43667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krieger","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Merriman, Katherine R. 0000-0002-1303-2410 kmerriman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1303-2410","contributorId":4973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merriman","given":"Katherine","email":"kmerriman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":487842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70059169,"text":"sir20135236 - 2014 - Simulation of groundwater flow and saltwater movement in the Onslow County area, North Carolina: predevelopment-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T20:55:28","indexId":"sir20135236","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-28T14:17:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5236","title":"Simulation of groundwater flow and saltwater movement in the Onslow County area, North Carolina: predevelopment-2010","docAbstract":"<p>Onslow County, North Carolina, is located within the designated Central Coastal Plain Capacity Use Area (CCPCUA). The CCPCUA was designated by law as a result of groundwater level declines of as much as 200 feet during the past four decades within aquifers in rocks of Cretaceous age in the central Coastal Plain of North Carolina and a depletion of water in storage from increased groundwater withdrawals in the area. The declines and depletion of water in storage within the Cretaceous aquifers increase the potential for saltwater migration—both lateral encroachment and upward leakage of brackish water. Within the CCPCUA, a reduction in groundwater withdrawals over a period of 16 years from 2003 to 2018 is mandated. Under the CCPCUA rules, withdrawals in excess of 100,000 gallons per day from any of the Cretaceous aquifer well systems are subject to water-use reductions of as much as 75 percent. To assess the effects of the CCPCUA rules and to assist with groundwater-management decisions, a numerical model was developed to simulate the groundwater flow and chloride concentrations in the surficial Castle Hayne, Beaufort, Peedee, and Black Creek aquifers in the Onslow County area. The model was used to (1) simulate groundwater flow from 1900 to 2010; (2) assess chloride movement throughout the aquifer system; and (3) create hypothetical scenarios of future groundwater development.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>After calibration of a groundwater flow model and conversion to a variable-density model, five scenarios were created to simulate future groundwater conditions in the Onslow County area: (1) full implementation of the CCPCUA rules with three phases of withdrawal reductions simulated through 2028; (2) implementation of only phase 1 withdrawal reductions of the CCPCUA rules and simulated through 2028; (3) implementation of only phases 1 and 2 withdrawal reductions of the CCPCUA rules and simulated through 2028; (4) full implementation of the CCPCUA rules with the addition of withdrawals from the Castle Hayne aquifer in Onslow County at the fully permitted amount in the final stress period and simulated through 2028; and (5) full implementation of the CCPCUA rules as in scenario 1 except simulated through 2100. Results from the scenarios give an indication of the water-level recovery in the Black Creek aquifer throughout each phase of the CCPCUA rules in Onslow County. Furthermore, as development of the Castle Hayne aquifers was increased in the scenarios, cones of depression were created around pumping centers. Additionally, the scenarios indicated little to no change in chloride concentrations for the time periods simulated.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135236","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Jacksonville, Onslow Water and Sewer Authority, and the United States Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune","usgsCitation":"Fine, J.M., and Kuniansky, E.L., 2014, Simulation of groundwater flow and saltwater movement in the Onslow County area, North Carolina: predevelopment-2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5236, x, 106 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135236.","productDescription":"x, 106 p.","numberOfPages":"120","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-042993","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281621,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135236.jpg"},{"id":281620,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5236/"},{"id":281619,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5236/pdf/sir2013-5236.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","county":"Onslow County","otherGeospatial":"Central Coastal Plain Capacity Use Area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -78.0011,34.1967 ], [ -78.0011,35.4025 ], [ -76.892,35.4025 ], [ -76.892,34.1967 ], [ -78.0011,34.1967 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd72e5e4b0b290851089b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fine, Jason M. 0000-0002-6386-256X jmfine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6386-256X","contributorId":2238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fine","given":"Jason","email":"jmfine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kuniansky, Eve L. 0000-0002-5581-0225 elkunian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5581-0225","contributorId":932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuniansky","given":"Eve","email":"elkunian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5064,"text":"Southeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70048970,"text":"sir20135179 - 2014 - Trends in major-ion constituents and properties for selected sampling sites in the Tongue and Powder River watersheds, Montana and Wyoming, based on data collected during water years 1980-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-28T13:11:27","indexId":"sir20135179","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-28T12:52:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5179","title":"Trends in major-ion constituents and properties for selected sampling sites in the Tongue and Powder River watersheds, Montana and Wyoming, based on data collected during water years 1980-2010","docAbstract":"<p>The primary purpose of this report is to present information relating to flow-adjusted temporal trends in major-ion constituents and properties for 16 sampling sites in the Tongue and Powder River watersheds based on data collected during 1980–2010. In association with this primary purpose, the report presents background information on major-ion characteristics (including specific conductance, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium adsorption ratio, sodium, alkalinity, chloride, fluoride, dissolved sulfate, and dissolved solids) of the sampling sites and coal-bed methane (CBM) produced water (groundwater pumped from coal seams) in the site watersheds, trend analysis methods, streamflow conditions, and factors that affect trend results.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The Tongue and Powder River watersheds overlie the Powder River structural basin (PRB) in northeastern Wyoming and southeastern Montana. Limited extraction of coal-bed methane (CBM) from the PRB began in the early 1990’s, and increased dramatically during the late 1990’s and early 2000’s. CBM-extraction activities produce discharges of water with high concentrations of dissolved solids (particularly sodium and bicarbonate ions) relative to most stream water in the Tongue and Powder River watersheds. Water-quality of CBM produced water is of concern because of potential effects of sodium on agricultural soils and potential effects of bicarbonate on aquatic biota.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Two parametric trend-analysis methods were used in this study: the time-series model (TSM) and ordinary least squares regression (OLS) on time, streamflow, and season. The TSM was used to analyze trends for 11 of the 16 study sites. For five sites, data requirements of the TSM were not met and OLS was used to analyze trends. Two primary 10-year trend-analysis periods were selected. Trend-analysis period 1 (water years 1986–95; hereinafter referred to as period 1) was selected to represent variability in major-ion concentrations in the Tongue and Powder River watersheds before potential effects of CBM-extraction activities. Trend analysis period 2 (water years 2001–10; hereinafter referred to as period 2) was selected because it encompassed substantial CBM-extraction activities and therefore might indicate potential effects of CBM-extraction activities on water quality of receiving streams in the Tongue and Powder River watersheds. For sites that did not satisfy data requirements for the TSM, OLS was used to analyze trends for period 2 (if complete data were available) or a 6-year period (2005–10).</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Flow-rate characteristics of CBM-produced water were estimated to allow general comparisons with streamflow characteristics of the sampling sites. The information on flow-rate characteristics of CBM-produced water in relation to streamflow does not account for effects of disposal, treatment, or other remediation activities on the potential quantitative effects of CBM-produced water on receiving streams. In many places, CBM-produced water is discharged into impoundments or channels in upper reaches of tributary watersheds where water infiltrates and does not directly contribute to streamflow. For Tongue River at State line (site 4) mean annual pumping rate of CBM-produced water during water years 2001–10 (hereinafter referred to as mean CBM pumping rate) was 6 percent of the mean of annual median streamflows during water years 2001–10 (hereinafter referred to as 2001–10 median streamflow). For main-stem Tongue River sites 5, 7, and 10, mean CBM pumping rate was 8–12 percent of 2001–10 median streamflow. For main-stem Powder River sites (sites 12, 13, and 16), mean CBM pumping rates were 26, 28, and 34 percent of 2001–10 median streamflows, respectively.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>For main-stem Tongue River sites analyzed by using the TSM and downstream from substantial CBM-extraction activities [Tongue River at State line (site 4), Tongue River at Tongue River Dam (site 5), Tongue River at Birney Day School (site 7), and Tongue River at Miles City (site 10)], generally small significant or nonsignificant decreases in most constituents are indicated for period 1. For period 2 for these sites, the TSM trend results do not allow confident conclusions concerning detection of effects of CBM-extraction activities on stream water quality. Detection of significant trends in major-ion constituents and properties for period 2 generally was infrequent, and direction, magnitudes, and significance of fitted trends were not strongly consistent with relative differences in water quality between stream water and CBM-produced water. The TSM indicated significant or generally large magnitude increases in median values of sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), sodium, and alkalinity for period 2 for sites 5 and 7, which might indicate potential effects of CBM-extraction activities on stream water. However, other factors, including operations of Tongue River Reservoir, irrigation activities, contributions of saline groundwater, and operations of the Decker coal mine, confound confident determination of causes of detected significant trends for sites 5 and 7. For all mainstem Tongue River sites, trends for period 2 generally are within ranges of those for period 1 before substantial CBM-extraction activities.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>For main-stem Powder River sites analyzed by using the TSM [Powder River at Sussex (site 11), Powder River at Arvada (site 12), Powder River at Moorhead (site 13), and Powder River near Locate (site 16)], significant or generally large magnitude decreases in median values of SAR, sodium, estimated alkalinity, chloride, fluoride, specific conductance, and dissolved solids are indicated for period 1. Patterns in trend results for period 1 for main-stem Powder River sites are consistent with effects of Salt Creek oil-brine reinjection that started in 1990. Trend results for all main-stem Powder River sites downstream from substantial CBM-extraction activities (sites 12, 13, and 16) indicate evidence of potential effects of CBM-extraction activities on stream water quality, although evidence is stronger for sites 12 and 13 than for site 16. Evidence in support of potential CBM effects includes significant increases in median values of SAR, sodium, and estimated alkalinity for period 2 for sites 12, 13, and 16 that are consistent with relative differences between stream water and CBM-produced water. Significant increases in median values of these constituents for period 2 are not indicated for Powder River at Sussex (site 11) upstream from substantial CBM-extraction activities. In interpreting the trend results, it is notable that the fitted trends evaluate changes in median concentrations and also notable that changes in median concentrations that might be attributed to CBM-extraction activities probably are more strongly evident during low to median streamflow conditions than during mean to high streamflow conditions. This observation is relevant in assessing trend results in relation to specific water-quality concerns, including effects of water-quality changes on irrigators and effects on stream biota and ecology.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135179","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Montana Department of Natural Resources and Conservation, Water Management Bureau","usgsCitation":"Sando, S.K., Vecchia, A.V., Barnhart, E.P., Sando, R., Clark, M.L., and Lorenz, D.L., 2014, Trends in major-ion constituents and properties for selected sampling sites in the Tongue and Powder River watersheds, Montana and Wyoming, based on data collected during water years 1980-2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5179, x, 123 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135179.","productDescription":"x, 123 p.","numberOfPages":"140","temporalStart":"1979-10-01","temporalEnd":"2010-09-30","ipdsId":"IP-041145","costCenters":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281609,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135179.jpg"},{"id":281606,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5179/"},{"id":281608,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5179/pdf/sir2013-5179.pdf"}],"projection":"Albers Equal-Area Conic Projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Montana;Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Powder River;Tongue River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -108.0,42.9725 ], [ -108.0,47.0 ], [ -104.502,47.0 ], [ -104.502,42.9725 ], [ -108.0,42.9725 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd79a3e4b0b2908510cf3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sando, Steven K. 0000-0003-1206-1030 sksando@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1206-1030","contributorId":1016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sando","given":"Steven","email":"sksando@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vecchia, Aldo V. 0000-0002-2661-4401","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2661-4401","contributorId":41810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vecchia","given":"Aldo","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barnhart, Elliott P. 0000-0002-8788-8393 epbarnhart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8788-8393","contributorId":5385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnhart","given":"Elliott","email":"epbarnhart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sando, Roy 0000-0003-0704-6258","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0704-6258","contributorId":3874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sando","given":"Roy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clark, Melanie L. mlclark@usgs.gov","contributorId":1827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Melanie","email":"mlclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lorenz, David L. 0000-0003-3392-4034 lorenz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3392-4034","contributorId":1384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenz","given":"David","email":"lorenz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70160695,"text":"70160695 - 2014 - An ecological basis for future fish habitat restoration efforts in the Huron-Erie Corridor","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-31T11:52:34","indexId":"70160695","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An ecological basis for future fish habitat restoration efforts in the Huron-Erie Corridor","docAbstract":"<p>This perspective describes the major natural and anthropogenic forces driving change in the abundance and quality of fish habitats in the Huron-Erie Corridor (HEC), the Great Lakes connecting channel comprised of the St. Clair River, the Lake St. Clair, and the Detroit River. Channels connecting the Laurentian Great Lakes discharge large volumes of water equal to or greater than most other large rivers in the world that is of consistent high quality and volume, all year. Owing to creation of the St. Lawrence Seaway through the Great Lakes, the connecting channels have been modified by dredging over 200 km of deep-draft shipping lanes with a maintained depth of no less than 8.2 m. Combined with modification of their shorelines for housing and industries, use of the connecting channels for discharges of industrial and municipal wastes and shipping has resulted in numerous beneficial use impairments, such as restrictions on fish and wildlife consumption, degradation of fish and wildlife populations, and losses of fish and wildlife habitat. Various options for remediation of native fish populations and their habitats in the Great Lakes connecting channels, including construction of spawning habitat for threatened and high-value food fishes, such as lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens), walleye (Sander vitreus), and lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis), have been implemented successfully in two of the channels, and form the basis for further recommended research described in this article.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2013.12.007","usgsCitation":"Hondorp, D.W., Roseman, E., and Manny, B.A., 2014, An ecological basis for future fish habitat restoration efforts in the Huron-Erie Corridor: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 40, no. 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