{"pageNumber":"5736","pageRowStart":"143375","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165653,"records":[{"id":70010023,"text":"70010023 - 1971 - Imaging of Mercury and Venus from a flyby","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-19T00:30:03.492475","indexId":"70010023","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Imaging of Mercury and Venus from a flyby","docAbstract":"

This paper describes the results of study of an imaging experiment planned for the 1973 Mariner Venus/Mercury flyby mission. Scientific objectives, mission constraints, analysis of alternative systems, and the rationale for final choice are presented. Severe financial constraints ruled out the best technical alternative for flyby imaging, a film/readout system, or even significant re-design of previous Mariner vidicon camera/tape recorder systems.

The final selection was a vidicon camera quite similar to that used for Mariner Mars 1971, but with the capability of real time transmission during the Venus and Mercury flybys. Real time data return became possible through dramatic increase in the communications bandwidth at only modest sacrifice in the quality of the returned pictures. Two identical long focal length cameras (1500 mm) were selected and it will be possible to return several thousand pictures from both planets at resolutions ranging from equivalent to Earthbased to tenths of a kilometer at encounter. Systematic high resolution ultraviolet photography of Venus is planned after encounter in an attempt to understand the nature of the mysterious ultraviolet markings and their apparent 4- to 5-day rotation period. Full disk coverage in mosaics will produce pictures of both planets similar in quality to Earthbased telescopic pictures of the Moon. The increase of resolution, more than three orders of magnitude, will yield an exciting first look at two planets whose closeup appearance is unknown.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0019-1035(71)90071-6","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Murray, B.C., Belton, M.J., Danielson, G.E., Davies, M.E., Kuiper, G.P., O’Leary, B.T., Suomi, V., and Trask, N., 1971, Imaging of Mercury and Venus from a flyby: Icarus, v. 15, no. 2, p. 153-173, https://doi.org/10.1016/0019-1035(71)90071-6.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"153","endPage":"173","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219346,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3883e4b0c8380cd615c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murray, B. C.","contributorId":49870,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murray","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belton, M. J. S.","contributorId":79223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belton","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Danielson, G. Edward","contributorId":58769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danielson","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Edward","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davies, M. E.","contributorId":26050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davies","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kuiper, G. P.","contributorId":9394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuiper","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"O’Leary, B. T.","contributorId":28359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Leary","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Suomi, V.E.","contributorId":68869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suomi","given":"V.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Trask, N.J.","contributorId":31729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trask","given":"N.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70010393,"text":"70010393 - 1971 - Paleomagnetism of San Cristobal Island, Galapagos","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-18T23:47:18.805235","indexId":"70010393","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleomagnetism of San Cristobal Island, Galapagos","docAbstract":"

Isla San Cristobal, the most easterly of the Galapagos Islands, consists of two parts: a large volcano constitutes the southwest half of the island and an irregular apron of small cones and flows makes up the northeast half. As some of the younger flows on the flanks of the large volcano are reversely magnetized, the minimum age of the volcano is 0.7 my, which is the age of the Brunhes-Matuyama reversal boundary. The true age is probably several times greater. The cones and flows to the northeast are all normally magnetized. The between-site angular dispersion of virtual poles is 11.3° - a value consistent with mathematical models for the latitude dependence of geomagnetic secular variation.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0012-821X(71)90158-0","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Cox, A., 1971, Paleomagnetism of San Cristobal Island, Galapagos: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 11, no. 1-5, p. 152-160, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(71)90158-0.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"152","endPage":"160","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218949,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Galapagos","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.493896484375,\n -1.7136116598836224\n ],\n [\n -88.2861328125,\n -1.7136116598836224\n ],\n [\n -88.2861328125,\n 0.428462803418747\n ],\n [\n -92.493896484375,\n 0.428462803418747\n ],\n [\n -92.493896484375,\n -1.7136116598836224\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"1-5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7423e4b0c8380cd7747b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cox, A.","contributorId":89266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70010383,"text":"70010383 - 1971 - Analytical sensitivities and energies of thermal neutron capture gamma rays II","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-18T23:54:01.884756","indexId":"70010383","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2906,"text":"Nuclear Instruments and Methods","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analytical sensitivities and energies of thermal neutron capture gamma rays II","docAbstract":"

A table of the analytical sensitivities of the principal lines in the thermal neutron capture gamma-ray spectrum from 0 to 3 MeV has been compiled for most of the elements. A tabulation of the full-energy, single-escape, and double-escape peaks has also been made according to energy. The tables are useful for spectral interpretation and calibration.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0029-554X(71)90067-X","issn":"0029554X","usgsCitation":"Senftle, F.E., Moore, H., Leep, D., El-Kady, A., and Duffey, D., 1971, Analytical sensitivities and energies of thermal neutron capture gamma rays II: Nuclear Instruments and Methods, v. 93, no. 3, p. 425-459, https://doi.org/10.1016/0029-554X(71)90067-X.","productDescription":"35 p.","startPage":"425","endPage":"459","numberOfPages":"35","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218796,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ebeae4b0c8380cd48f71","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Senftle, F. E.","contributorId":47788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senftle","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, H.D.","contributorId":75628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"H.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leep, D.B.","contributorId":96409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leep","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"El-Kady, A.","contributorId":53083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"El-Kady","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Duffey, D.","contributorId":56786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duffey","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70010381,"text":"70010381 - 1971 - C13 and O18 compositions in some fresh-water carbonates associated with ultramafic rocks and serpentinites: Western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-18T23:58:08.384829","indexId":"70010381","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"C13 and O18 compositions in some fresh-water carbonates associated with ultramafic rocks and serpentinites: Western United States","docAbstract":"

All carbonates associated with the ultramafic rocks and serpentinites of the western United States are shown by their stable isotope ratios to be of near-surface, low-temperature origin. These include vein materials that have been previously classified as hydrothermal. New laboratory and natural data were obtained on the equilibrium isotope relations between hydromagnesite and water. The origins of travertines in the ultramafic area are easily distinguished on the basis of their stable isotope ratios. The extremely heavy isotope ratios of nesquehonites suggest an intricate evaporating-film mechanism of formation.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(71)90067-6","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"O’Neil, J.R., and Barnes, I., 1971, C13 and O18 compositions in some fresh-water carbonates associated with ultramafic rocks and serpentinites: Western United States: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 35, no. 7, p. 687-697, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(71)90067-6.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"687","endPage":"697","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218794,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -126.91406249999999,\n 29.53522956294847\n ],\n [\n -102.12890625,\n 29.53522956294847\n ],\n [\n -102.12890625,\n 50.064191736659104\n ],\n [\n -126.91406249999999,\n 50.064191736659104\n ],\n [\n -126.91406249999999,\n 29.53522956294847\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"35","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2c1e4b0c8380cd4b341","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Neil, J. R.","contributorId":69633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neil","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barnes, I.","contributorId":23678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70010380,"text":"70010380 - 1971 - Calcium-magnesium carbonate solid solutions from Holocene conglomerate cements and travertines in the Coast Range of California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-19T00:02:36.637264","indexId":"70010380","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Calcium-magnesium carbonate solid solutions from Holocene conglomerate cements and travertines in the Coast Range of California","docAbstract":"

Two calcium-magnesium carbonate solid solutions form Holocene travertines and conglomerate cements in fresh water stream channels of the Coast Range of California. Calcite does not yield the {015} diffraction maximum. The {006} diffraction maximum is lacking over most of the range of composition of calcite. Calcite has compositions from CaCO3 to Ca0.5Mg0.5CO3. Dolomite yields both the {006} and {015} diffraction maxima over its entire composition range, Ca0.6Mg0.4CO3 to Ca0.5Mg0.5CO3. The Ca-Mg carbonates form in isotopic equilibrium and thermodynamic disequilibrium from dispersion of Ca2+-rich water into CO32−-rich water within the alluvium. The stable isotope data suggest that all the Mg-rich carbonates are primary precipitates and not a result of Mg-substitution in precursor CaCO3. There is a correlation between δC13 and Mg content of the carbonates which predicts a 5%. fractionation of C13 between dolomite and calcite at sedimentary temperatures. C14 is incorporated in Ca-Mg carbonates forming from C13-poor meteoric waters and C13-rich waters from Cretaceous sediments. C14 ages of the Ca-Mg carbonates are apparent, and cannot be corrected to absolute values. Solution rates of calcite decrease with increasing MgCO3 content; dolomite dissolves slower than any calcite.

","language":"English","publisher":"English","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(71)90068-8","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Barnes, I., and O’Neil, J.R., 1971, Calcium-magnesium carbonate solid solutions from Holocene conglomerate cements and travertines in the Coast Range of California: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 35, no. 7, p. 699-718, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(71)90068-8.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"699","endPage":"718","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218793,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"35","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2fae4b0c8380cd4b510","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnes, I.","contributorId":23678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Neil, J. R.","contributorId":69633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neil","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70009775,"text":"70009775 - 1971 - Selenography and selenodesy with Apollo whole-disk lunar photographs I. Selenography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-19T00:41:25.549838","indexId":"70009775","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Selenography and selenodesy with Apollo whole-disk lunar photographs I. Selenography","docAbstract":"

The Apollo whole-disk lunar photographs, with spacecraft lunar nadirs about 70° from the center of mean face, have considerable selenodetic potential provided that the requirements of resolution and precision can be met. Uncertainties in the internal camera geometry degrade the precision and make selenodetic applications doubtful, but selenographic work based on the assumption of a rigorously spherical moon makes lesser demands on the data and is still possible with useful accuracy. The selenographic method is fully developed here and applied to photographs 2505 and 2506 of Apollo 8 to produce a catalog of 635 positions. Of these 206 are farside and extend to 130° East Longitude. A new type of 5-character position word, appropriate for the entire lunar sphere, is used to define sequence in the catalog.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0019-1035(71)90010-8","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Arthur, D., 1971, Selenography and selenodesy with Apollo whole-disk lunar photographs I. Selenography: Icarus, v. 14, no. 3, p. 388-418, https://doi.org/10.1016/0019-1035(71)90010-8.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"388","endPage":"418","numberOfPages":"31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219568,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d00e4b08c986b318210","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arthur, D.W.G.","contributorId":20463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arthur","given":"D.W.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70010349,"text":"70010349 - 1971 - 40Ar/39Ar technique of KAr dating: A comparison with the conventional technique","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-19T00:04:55.479192","indexId":"70010349","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"40Ar/39Ar technique of KAr dating: A comparison with the conventional technique","docAbstract":"

K-Ar ages have been determined by the40Ar/39Ar total fusion technique on 19 terrestrial samples whose conventional K-Ar ages range from 3.4 my to nearly 1700 my. Sample materials included biotite, muscovite, sanidine, adularia, plagioclase, hornblende, actinolite, alunite, dacite, and basalt. For 18 samples there are no significant differences at the 95% confidence level between the K\"singleAr ages obtained by these two techniques; for one sample the difference is 4.3% and is statistically significant. For the neutron doses used in these experiments (≈4 × 1018 nvt) it appears that corrections for interfering Ca- and K-derived Ar isotopes can be made without significant loss of precision for samples with K/Ca > 1 as young as about 5 × 105 yr, and for samples with K/Ca < 1 as young as about 107 yr. For younger samples the combination of large atmospheric Ar corrections and large corrections for Ca- and K-derived Ar may make the precision of the40Ar/39Ar technique less than that of the conventional technique unless the irradiation parameters are adjusted to minimize these corrections.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0012-821X(71)90214-7","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Dalrymple, G.B., and Lanphere, M.A., 1971, 40Ar/39Ar technique of KAr dating: A comparison with the conventional technique: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 12, no. 3, p. 300-308, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(71)90214-7.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"300","endPage":"308","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219298,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e267e4b0c8380cd45b5e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dalrymple, G. Brent","contributorId":55146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dalrymple","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Brent","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lanphere, M. A.","contributorId":35298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanphere","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70010345,"text":"70010345 - 1971 - Spectral reflectance and photometric properties of selected rocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-26T12:36:51","indexId":"70010345","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spectral reflectance and photometric properties of selected rocks","docAbstract":"

Studies of the spectral reflectance and photometric properties of selected rocks at the USGS Mill Creek, Oklahoma, remote sensing test site demonstrate that discrimination of rock types is possible through reflection measurements, but that the discrimination is complicated by surface conditions, such as weathering and lichen growth. Comparisons between fresh-broken, weathered, and lichen-covered granite show that whereas both degree of weathering and amount of lichen cover change the reflectance quality of the granite, lichen cover also considerably changes the photometric properties of the granite. Measurements of the spectral reflectance normal to the surface of both limestone and dolomite show limestone to be more reflective than dolomite in the wavelength range from 380 to 1550 nanometers. The reflectance difference decreases at view angles greater than 40° owing to the difference in the photometric properties of dolomite and limestone.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0034-4257(71)90082-4","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Watson, R.D., 1971, Spectral reflectance and photometric properties of selected rocks: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 2, no. C, p. 95-100, https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-4257(71)90082-4.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"95","endPage":"100","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219226,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"C","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9543e4b08c986b31ae3e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watson, Robert D.","contributorId":62605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watson","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":358685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70010334,"text":"70010334 - 1971 - Genetic implications of the shapes of martian and lunar craters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-19T00:05:51.268039","indexId":"70010334","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic implications of the shapes of martian and lunar craters","docAbstract":"

Craters on Mars and the Moon are alike in that larger craters differ in shape from smaller ones, and older craters differ in shape from younger ones. Smoothed depth-diameter curves for 41 large martian craters photographed by Mariner IV inflect at a crater diameter of 10–20km in a manner similar to curves for lunar craters. Below 10–20km, both depth-diameter curves are linear with a slope of roughly 1.0; above this threshold range, the curves assume a much lower slope. Diminution of lunar crater depth-diameter ratios with age indicates that the shapes of lunar and, by inference, martian craters have changed systematically since formation. Martian craters sampled here are shallower than most pre-Imbrian lunar craters. By analogy with the Moon, martian craters seem both to vary in initial shape according to the energy of the impact that formed them and to have been modified subsequently by endogenic and surface processes. A proposed model for the geologic development of large martian and lunar craters outlines a time- dependent sequence of events. Craters which have undergone rapid isostatic adjustment on the Moon have distinctive morphologies and occur preferentially along mare basin-upland margins.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0019-1035(71)90117-5","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Pike, R., 1971, Genetic implications of the shapes of martian and lunar craters: Icarus, v. 15, no. 3, p. 384-395, https://doi.org/10.1016/0019-1035(71)90117-5.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"384","endPage":"395","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218791,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a157ae4b0c8380cd54e2c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pike, R.J.","contributorId":72814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pike","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70010332,"text":"70010332 - 1971 - A test of the 40Ar/39Ar age spectrum technique on some terrestrial materials","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-19T00:06:50.929847","indexId":"70010332","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A test of the 40Ar/39Ar age spectrum technique on some terrestrial materials","docAbstract":"

40Ar/39Ar age spectra were determined for 10 terrestrial rock and mineral samples whose geologic history is known from independent evidence. The spectra for six mineral and whole rock samples, including biotite, feldspar, hornblende, muscovite, and granodiorite, that have experienced post-crystallization heating did not reveal the age of crystallization in any obvious way. Minima in the spectra, however, give reasonable maximum ages for reheating and high-temperature maxima can be interpreted as minimum crystallization ages. High-temperature ages of microcline and albite that have not been reheated are approximately 10% younger than the known crystallization age. Apparently there are no domains in these feldspars that have retained radiogenic40Ar quantitatively. Spectra from two diabase samples that contain significant quantities of excess argon might mistakenly be interpreted as spectra from reheated samples and do not give the age of emplacement. The40Ar/39Ar age spectrum technique may be a potentially valuable tool for the study of geologic areas with complex histories, but the interpretation of age spectra from terrestrial samples seems to be more difficult than suggested by some previous studies.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0012-821X(71)90020-3","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Lanphere, M.A., and Dalrymple, G.B., 1971, A test of the 40Ar/39Ar age spectrum technique on some terrestrial materials: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 12, no. 4, p. 359-372, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(71)90020-3.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"359","endPage":"372","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218789,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e5f7e4b0c8380cd47079","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lanphere, M. A.","contributorId":35298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanphere","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dalrymple, G. Brent","contributorId":55146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dalrymple","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Brent","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70010307,"text":"70010307 - 1971 - Fluid inclusions in quartz crystals from South-West Africa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-19T00:12:08.559172","indexId":"70010307","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fluid inclusions in quartz crystals from South-West Africa","docAbstract":"

Quartz crystals from calcite veins of unknown age in Precambrian metasedimentary rocks at Geiaus No. 6 and Aukam farms in South-West Africa contain both primary and secondary inclusions filled with one or a variable combination of: organic liquid, moderately saline aqueous liquid, dark-colored solid, and vapor. Analysis of these materials by microscopy and by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry shows the presence of constituents of both low and high molecular weights. The former include CH4, C2H6, C3H8 and possibly C4H10 as well as CO, CO2, H2O, N2 and H2. High molecular weight components are dominantly n-alkanes and isoprenoid hydrocarbons. The n-alkanes range from at least n-C10 to n-C33. Concentrations of n-alkanes larger than n-C17 decrease regularly with increasing carbon number. An homologous series of isoprenoid hydrocarbons ranging from at least C14 to C20 is present in unusually high concentrations. Pristane (C19) is most abundant, and C17 isoprenoid is least abundant. The molecular composition and distribution of hydrocarbons suggest biological precursors for these components.

Consideration of data provided by freezing, crushing and heating experiments suggests that the pressures at the time these in part supercritical fluids were trapped probably exceeded 30–40 atm, and the minimum trapping temperature was about 120–160°C. Both primary and secondary inclusions apparently containing only organic materials were trapped by the growth of the host quartz from aqueous solution. The data obtained neither prove nor preclude Precambrian, Paleozoic or younger sources for the organic materials.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(71)90112-8","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Kvenvolden, K., and Roedder, E., 1971, Fluid inclusions in quartz crystals from South-West Africa: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 35, no. 12, p. 1209-1229, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(71)90112-8.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1209","endPage":"1229","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219523,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 7.03125,\n -37.71859032558814\n ],\n [\n 28.828124999999996,\n -37.71859032558814\n ],\n [\n 28.828124999999996,\n -13.2399454992863\n ],\n [\n 7.03125,\n -13.2399454992863\n ],\n [\n 7.03125,\n -37.71859032558814\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"35","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1276e4b0c8380cd542f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kvenvolden, K.A.","contributorId":80674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvenvolden","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roedder, E.","contributorId":100986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roedder","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70010277,"text":"70010277 - 1971 - Geomagnetic polarity epochs: age and duration of the olduvai normal polarity event","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-19T00:20:11.555801","indexId":"70010277","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geomagnetic polarity epochs: age and duration of the olduvai normal polarity event","docAbstract":"

New data show that the Olduvai normal geomagnetic polarity event is represented in Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, by rocks covering a time span of roughly from 0.1 to 0.2 my and is no older than 2.0 my. Hence the long normal polarity event of this age that is seen in deep-sea sediment cores and in magnetic profiles over oceanic ridges should be called the Olduvai event. The lava from which the Gilsàevent was defined may have been erupted during the Olduvai event and, if so, the term Gilsàshould now be abandoned. Many dated lavas that were originally assigned to the Olduvai event represent one or two much shorter normal polarity events that preceded the Olduvai event; these are herein named the Réunion normal polarity events. This revision brings the geomagnetic reversal time scale into conformity with the one implied by assumptions of uniform sedimentation rates on the ocean floor and uniform rates of sea-floor spreading.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0012-821X(71)90004-5","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Grommé, C., and Hay, R.L., 1971, Geomagnetic polarity epochs: age and duration of the olduvai normal polarity event: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 10, no. 2, p. 179-185, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(71)90004-5.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"179","endPage":"185","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219001,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a275ee4b0c8380cd59806","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grommé, C. S.","contributorId":38558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grommé","given":"C. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hay, R. L.","contributorId":34170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70010276,"text":"70010276 - 1971 - Comments on the use of Hiatella arctica for determining cenozoic sea temperatures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-19T16:15:10","indexId":"70010276","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comments on the use of Hiatella arctica for determining cenozoic sea temperatures","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0031-0182(71)90017-4","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"Rowland, R., and Hopkins, D., 1971, Comments on the use of Hiatella arctica for determining cenozoic sea temperatures: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 9, no. 1, p. 59-61, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(71)90017-4.","startPage":"59","endPage":"61","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218939,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267782,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(71)90017-4"}],"volume":"9","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f7f6e4b0c8380cd4cddc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rowland, R.W.","contributorId":36153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowland","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hopkins, D.M.","contributorId":103646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopkins","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70010027,"text":"70010027 - 1971 - Limited-interval definitions of the photometric functions of lunar crater walls by photography from orbiting Apollo","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-19T00:26:41.387572","indexId":"70010027","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Limited-interval definitions of the photometric functions of lunar crater walls by photography from orbiting Apollo","docAbstract":"

By the use of only relative photometry (intraframe) it is shown that the photometric functions of material reposed on the inner walls of some of the ypunger lunar craters photographed on the far side of the Moon from the Apollo 11 Command Module are not of a form which can be reduced to a dependence on phase angle and brightness-longitude (g, α) alone. Some other dependence on the completely general degrees of freedom described by phase angle, angle of incidence, and angle of emergence (g, i, ϵ) seems to be required. In addition, however, it has been found that a dependence of g and α is more closely approached for the crater, in the group observed, which is obviously the oldest by virtue of the roundedness of the rim crest and the mass-wasting which has occured on its inner walls. The possibility thus arises of crater age-dating by making a brightness ratio measurement together with some image geometry measurements. It is at least evident that more than one type of geologic material has been encountered.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0019-1035(71)90038-8","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Wildey, R., 1971, Limited-interval definitions of the photometric functions of lunar crater walls by photography from orbiting Apollo: Icarus, v. 15, no. 1, p. 93-99, https://doi.org/10.1016/0019-1035(71)90038-8.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"93","endPage":"99","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219425,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4792e4b0c8380cd678d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wildey, R.L.","contributorId":9700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wildey","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70009790,"text":"70009790 - 1971 - On the origin of lunar soil 12033","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-19T00:34:54.180362","indexId":"70009790","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the origin of lunar soil 12033","docAbstract":"

The lunar soil 12033 is compositionally distinctly different from both the local rocks at the Apollo 12 site and other lunar samples. It must be a recent deposit, else it would not have retained its identity. It contains a meteoritic component which is about 0.59 times as large as that in the more typical Apollo 12 soils. The amount of meteoritic component may be either a fortuitous residuum from the object which produced the 12033 material as crater ejecta, or 12033 may consist of a mixture of an exotic component with the local soil in approximately 41:59 proportions. The available evidence favors the latter interpretation.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0012-821X(71)90043-4","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Beadecker, P., Cuttitta, F., Rose, H.J., Schaudy, R., and Wasson, J.T., 1971, On the origin of lunar soil 12033: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 10, no. 3, p. 361-364, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(71)90043-4.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"361","endPage":"364","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218597,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6de4e4b0c8380cd7539f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beadecker, P.A.","contributorId":66406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beadecker","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cuttitta, F.","contributorId":33837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cuttitta","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rose, H. J. Jr.","contributorId":79465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schaudy, R.","contributorId":92419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaudy","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wasson, J. T.","contributorId":99269,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wasson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":96420,"text":"96420 - 1971 - Review of: Fish, amphibian and reptile remains from archaeological sites, Part 1: Southeastern and southwestern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:58","indexId":"96420","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Review of: Fish, amphibian and reptile remains from archaeological sites, Part 1: Southeastern and southwestern United States","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","collaboration":"Papers of the Peabody Museum Archaeol & Ethnol.","usgsCitation":"Douglas, C.L., 1971, Review of: Fish, amphibian and reptile remains from archaeological sites, Part 1: Southeastern and southwestern United States, v. 56.","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128304,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a16e4b07f02db603dff","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Olsen, Stanley J.","contributorId":112278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505700,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Douglas, C. L.","contributorId":64586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70009788,"text":"70009788 - 1971 - Thermoluminescence of Apollo 12 lunar samples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-19T00:37:40.85088","indexId":"70009788","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermoluminescence of Apollo 12 lunar samples","docAbstract":"

Thermoluminescence (TL) glow curve and decay characteristics of Apollo 12 fines and soil samples are similar to those from Apollo 11. Interpretation of the results from the core sample is difficult because of inadequate sample, spacing, but it appears that the part of the core below about 8 cm has been undisturbed for about 104 years whereas the part of the core above 10 cm may have been disturbed by recent surface activity. TL in the Apollo 12 samples is about twice that in the Apollo 11 samples, suggesting a lower mean daytime surface temperature of a few degrees at the Apollo 12 site.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0012-821X(71)90042-2","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Doell, R., and Dalrymple, G.B., 1971, Thermoluminescence of Apollo 12 lunar samples: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 10, no. 3, p. 357-360, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(71)90042-2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"357","endPage":"360","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219721,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb288e4b08c986b32586f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doell, Richard R.","contributorId":66683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doell","given":"Richard R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dalrymple, G. Brent","contributorId":55146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dalrymple","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Brent","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70010427,"text":"70010427 - 1971 - Some Pb and Sr isotopic measurements on eclogites from the Roberts Victor mine, South Africa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-18T00:47:32.631472","indexId":"70010427","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Some Pb and Sr isotopic measurements on eclogites from the Roberts Victor mine, South Africa","docAbstract":"

Five nodules of eclogite, one nodule of garnet peridotite and one sample of kimberlite from the Roberts Victor mine were analyzed for concentrations of U, Th, Pb, Rb and Sr and isotopic compositions of Pb and Sr. In the eclogites, U content ranges from 0.09 to 0.26 ppm, Th from 0.35 to 1.1 ppm, Pb from 0.79 to 5.5 ppm, Rb from 2.1 to 28 ppm and Sr from 133 to 346 ppm;206Pb/204Pb ratios range from 14.8 to 18.5,207Pb/204Pb from 14.9 to 15.7,208Pb/204Pb from 35.2 to 38.5. The garnet peridotite contains 0.22 ppm U, 0.97 ppm Th, 1.05 ppm Pb, 6.9 ppm Rb and 108 ppm Sr and the kimberlite contains 2.5 ppm U, 30 ppm Th, 37 ppm Pb, 113 ppm Rb and 2040 ppm Sr. The lead in the eclogites has two components, a lead pyroextractable at 1100–1200° and a non-pyroextractable residual lead. In three of the eclogites, which are to some extent altered, a proportion of the pyroextractable lead may be contaminating lead from the kimberlite, but an altered kyanite eclogite does not appear to be contaminated by this same kimberlite. The pyroextractable lead from a less altered eclogite contains a much larger proportion of206Pb. Compositions calculated for the residual leads vary greatly. In many of the pyroextraction runs the primary eclogitic phases disappeared and the new phases plagioclase, clinopyroxene and a magnetic iron compound were formed. Why part of the lead should have been retained by these new phases is not understood.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0012-821X(71)90009-4","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Manton, W., and Tatsumoto, M., 1971, Some Pb and Sr isotopic measurements on eclogites from the Roberts Victor mine, South Africa: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 10, no. 2, p. 217-226, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(71)90009-4.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"217","endPage":"226","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219610,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"South Africa","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[31.521,-29.25739],[31.32556,-29.40198],[30.90176,-29.90996],[30.62281,-30.42378],[30.05572,-31.14027],[28.92555,-32.17204],[28.21976,-32.77195],[27.46461,-33.22696],[26.41945,-33.61495],[25.90966,-33.66704],[25.78063,-33.94465],[25.17286,-33.79685],[24.67785,-33.98718],[23.59404,-33.79447],[22.98819,-33.91643],[22.57416,-33.86408],[21.5428,-34.25884],[20.68905,-34.41718],[20.07126,-34.79514],[19.61641,-34.81917],[19.19328,-34.4626],[18.85531,-34.44431],[18.42464,-33.99787],[18.37741,-34.13652],[18.2445,-33.86775],[18.25008,-33.28143],[17.92519,-32.61129],[18.24791,-32.42913],[18.22176,-31.66163],[17.56692,-30.72572],[17.06442,-29.87864],[17.06292,-29.87595],[16.34498,-28.57671],[16.82402,-28.08216],[17.21893,-28.35594],[17.3875,-28.78351],[17.83615,-28.85638],[18.4649,-29.04546],[19.00213,-28.97244],[19.89473,-28.4611],[19.89577,-24.76779],[20.16573,-24.91796],[20.75861,-25.86814],[20.66647,-26.47745],[20.88961,-26.82854],[21.6059,-26.72653],[22.10597,-26.28026],[22.57953,-25.97945],[22.82427,-25.50046],[23.3121,-25.26869],[23.73357,-25.39013],[24.21127,-25.67022],[25.02517,-25.71967],[25.66467,-25.48682],[25.76585,-25.17485],[25.94165,-24.69637],[26.48575,-24.61633],[26.78641,-24.24069],[27.11941,-23.57432],[28.01724,-22.82775],[29.43219,-22.09131],[29.83904,-22.10222],[30.32288,-22.27161],[30.65987,-22.15157],[31.19141,-22.25151],[31.6704,-23.65897],[31.93059,-24.36942],[31.75241,-25.48428],[31.83778,-25.84333],[31.33316,-25.66019],[31.04408,-25.73145],[30.94967,-26.02265],[30.67661,-26.39808],[30.68596,-26.74385],[31.28277,-27.28588],[31.86806,-27.17793],[32.07167,-26.73382],[32.83012,-26.74219],[32.58026,-27.47016],[32.46213,-28.30101],[32.20339,-28.7524],[31.521,-29.25739]]],[[[28.5417,-28.6475],[28.97826,-28.9556],[29.32517,-29.25739],[29.01842,-29.74377],[28.8484,-30.07005],[28.29107,-30.22622],[28.1072,-30.54573],[27.7494,-30.64511],[26.99926,-29.87595],[27.53251,-29.24271],[28.07434,-28.85147],[28.5417,-28.6475]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"South Africa\"}}]}","volume":"10","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b926be4b08c986b319ee4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manton, W.I.","contributorId":6998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manton","given":"W.I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tatsumoto, M.","contributorId":76798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tatsumoto","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70010420,"text":"70010420 - 1971 - Tertiary climatic fluctuations and methods of analysis of tertiary floras","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-18T00:49:53.241543","indexId":"70010420","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tertiary climatic fluctuations and methods of analysis of tertiary floras","docAbstract":"

On theoretical grounds, an analysis of the physiognomy of a Tertiary leaf assemblage is more direct and reliable than a circuitous floristic analysis in assigning thermal regimes to fossil assemblages. Using primarily foliar physiognomy and secondarily floristic composition, it can be shown that: (1) some middle latitude Tertiary assemblages probably lived under meteoroligically tropical climates; (2) a major and rapid climatic deterioration occurred in the Oligocene; and (3) a major climatic fluctuation probably occurred in the Late Eocene.

These analyses thus substantiate the conclusions of several other paleobotanists regarding climatic fluctuations. Recent criticisms of these analyses are shown to be invalid and to be based largely on misinterpretations.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0031-0182(71)90016-2","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"Wolfe, J.A., 1971, Tertiary climatic fluctuations and methods of analysis of tertiary floras: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 9, no. 1, p. 27-57, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(71)90016-2.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"27","endPage":"57","numberOfPages":"31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219450,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba571e4b08c986b320a5c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolfe, J. A.","contributorId":14026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70010412,"text":"70010412 - 1971 - The earth's core: Speculations on its chemical equilibrium with the mantle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-18T00:53:53.786007","indexId":"70010412","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The earth's core: Speculations on its chemical equilibrium with the mantle","docAbstract":"

A review of the literature indicates that a reasonable estimate of the composition of the earth's core is iron with Ni0–5, Si10–25 (wt.%). Thermodynamic calculations and comparison of chondritic with terrestrial abundances indicate that 1 wt.% each of Mn, P, and Cr might also be present. A core of this composition was probably in chemical equilibrium with the mantle at the time of core formation because:

1.

(1) The reactions 2Fe + SiO2 = 2FeO + Si and Fe2SiO4 + 2Ni = Ni2SiO4 + 2Fe proceed further to the right at the T and P values prevailing at the core-mantle boundary than at lower temperatures, thus supporting the presence of Si in the core and the relatively high Ni concentration of the mantle;

2.

(2) the Fe3+Fe2+\">Fe3+Fe2+ ratios in mantle materials indicate oxygen fugacity values close to that of the Fe-Fe1−xO buffer; and

3.

(3) the apparent partitioning of Au and similar elements between the core and the mantle is close to that of pallasites.

The anomalously high abundance of Cu in the upper mantle can be explained by enrichment through partial melting. Volcanic gases are not likely to represent the composition of volatile elements at the core-mantle boundary, and hence cannot be regarded as valid criteria of disequilibrium at the boundary. Available data on reaction kinetics suggest that a disequilibrium state would be unlikely during core formation.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(71)90058-5","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Brett, R., 1971, The earth's core: Speculations on its chemical equilibrium with the mantle: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 35, no. 2, p. 203-221, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(71)90058-5.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"203","endPage":"221","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219301,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baaf1e4b08c986b322af4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brett, R.","contributorId":106632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brett","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70010411,"text":"70010411 - 1971 - Comparison of Sr87 Sr86 for sea-water strontium and the Eimer and Amend SrCO3","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-18T16:11:32.235291","indexId":"70010411","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Comparison of Sr87 Sr86 for sea-water strontium and the Eimer and Amend SrCO3","title":"Comparison of Sr87 Sr86 for sea-water strontium and the Eimer and Amend SrCO3","docAbstract":"

A series of analyses were undertaken to determine a precise difference between sea-water strontium and the Eimer and Amend SrCO3 standard. A mean difference between the sea-water composite and the Eimer and Amend SrCO3 of 0.00107 ± 0.000042 was obtained.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(71)90061-5","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Hildreth, R., and Henderson, W., 1971, Comparison of Sr87 Sr86 for sea-water strontium and the Eimer and Amend SrCO3: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 35, no. 2, p. 235-238, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(71)90061-5.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"235","endPage":"238","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219300,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f846e4b0c8380cd4cfb4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hildreth, R.A.","contributorId":29111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildreth","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Henderson, W.T.","contributorId":66412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henderson","given":"W.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70010410,"text":"70010410 - 1971 - Variation of iridium in a differentiated tholeiitic dolerite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-18T01:07:38.978995","indexId":"70010410","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variation of iridium in a differentiated tholeiitic dolerite","docAbstract":"

Iridium has been determined in a drill core from the Great Lake (Tasmania) dolerite sheet. Iridium decreases systematically from the mafic dolerites (0.25 ppb) to the granophyres (0.006 ppb). The trend with differentiation closely parallels that of chromium.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(71)90040-8","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Greenland, L., 1971, Variation of iridium in a differentiated tholeiitic dolerite: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 35, no. 3, p. 319-322, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(71)90040-8.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"319","endPage":"322","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219299,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc170e4b08c986b32a587","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Greenland, L. P.","contributorId":56368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greenland","given":"L. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70010409,"text":"70010409 - 1971 - Scanning electron microscopy of clays and clay minerals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-25T14:33:51","indexId":"70010409","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1245,"text":"Clays and Clay Minerals","onlineIssn":"1552-8367","printIssn":"0009-8604","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Scanning electron microscopy of clays and clay minerals","docAbstract":"

The scanning electron microscope (SEM) proves to be ideally suited for studying the configuration, texture, and fabric of clay samples. Growth mechanics of crystalline units—interpenetration and interlocking of crystallites, crystal habits, twinning, helical growth, and topotaxis—also are uniquely revealed by the SEM.

Authigenic kaolins make up the bulk of the examples because their larger crystallite size, better crystallinity, and open texture make them more suited to examination by the SEM than most other clay mineral types.

","language":"English","publisher":"The Clay Minerals Society","doi":"10.1346/CCMN.1971.0190105","usgsCitation":"Bohor, B., and Hughes, R., 1971, Scanning electron microscopy of clays and clay minerals: Clays and Clay Minerals, v. 19, no. 1, p. 49-54, https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.1971.0190105.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"49","endPage":"54","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219235,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8726e4b08c986b31633e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bohor, B.F.","contributorId":96351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohor","given":"B.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hughes, R.E.","contributorId":84497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70010402,"text":"70010402 - 1971 - Isotopic composition of strontium in three basalt-andesite centers along the Lesser Antilles arc","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-18T01:13:02.717436","indexId":"70010402","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isotopic composition of strontium in three basalt-andesite centers along the Lesser Antilles arc","docAbstract":"

Si87/Sr86 ratios have been determined for lavas and py lastic rocks from three basalt-andesite centers along the Lesser Antilles arc—Mt. Misery on the island of St. Kitts, Soufriere on the island of St. Vincent, and Carriacou, an island of The Grenadines. The average Si87/Sr86 content of these rocks is 0.7038 for Mt. Misery, 0.7041 for Soufriere, and 0.7053 for Carriacou. All the Sr87/Sr86 values from each center are the same within analytical uncertainty (±0.0002). The constancy of strontium isotopic data within each center supports the hypothesis that basalts and andesites for each specific center investigated are generated from the same source — in agreement with petrographic and major- and minor-element data. Strontium isotopic compositions and elemental concentrations, particularly of strontium and nickel, indicate that this source was mantle peridotite and that the relationship between the respective basalts and andesites is probably fractional crystallization.


","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00372232","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Hedge, C., and Lewis, J., 1971, Isotopic composition of strontium in three basalt-andesite centers along the Lesser Antilles arc: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 32, no. 1, p. 39-47, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00372232.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"39","endPage":"47","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219140,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Lesser Antilles","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -64.22607421875,\n 12.211180191503997\n ],\n [\n -60.3369140625,\n 12.211180191503997\n ],\n [\n -60.3369140625,\n 18.166730410221938\n ],\n [\n -64.22607421875,\n 18.166730410221938\n ],\n [\n -64.22607421875,\n 12.211180191503997\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"32","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3fa5e4b0c8380cd646bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hedge, C. E.","contributorId":73611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hedge","given":"C. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lewis, J.F.","contributorId":85316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70010401,"text":"70010401 - 1971 - Determination of silver in soils, sediments, and rocks by organic-chelate extraction and atomic absorption spectrophotometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-18T01:17:20.900042","indexId":"70010401","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":760,"text":"Analytica Chimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of silver in soils, sediments, and rocks by organic-chelate extraction and atomic absorption spectrophotometry","docAbstract":"

A useful method for the determination of silver in soil, sediment, and rock samples in geochemical exploration has been developed. The sample is digested with concentrated nitric acid, and the silver extracted with triisooctyl thiophosphate (TOTP) in methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) after dilution of the acid digest to approximately 6 M. The extraction of silver into the organic extractant is quantitative and not affected by the nitric acid concentration from 4 M to 8 M, or by different volumes of TOTP-MIBK. The extracted silver is stable and remains in the organic phase up to several days. The silver concentration is determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.


","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0003-2670(01)81856-0","issn":"00032670","usgsCitation":"Chao, T.T., Ball, J., and Nakagawa, H.M., 1971, Determination of silver in soils, sediments, and rocks by organic-chelate extraction and atomic absorption spectrophotometry: Analytica Chimica Acta, v. 54, no. 1, p. 77-81, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(01)81856-0.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"77","endPage":"81","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219139,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffc6e4b0c8380cd4f3b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chao, T. T.","contributorId":31900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chao","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ball, J.W.","contributorId":67507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nakagawa, H. M.","contributorId":106475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nakagawa","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}