Isla Tortuga is a small isolated central volcano which is located near an actively spreading trough in the Gulf of California. The basalt lavas from Tortuga which have the highest Mg/Fe and Ni contents have trace element abundances and ratios and87Sr/86Sr which are similar to those of mid-ocean ridge tholeiite. The major element, rare earth element and Sr abundances of fractionated tholeiite (low Mg/Fe) and tholeiitic andesite of Tortuga are consistent with an origin by closed-system fractional crystallization. This hypothesis is not supported by K, Na, Rb and Ba abundances in the lavas nor by their variable87Sr/86Sr (0.7024–0.7035). It is proposed that the apparent decoupling of light rare earth elements, other incompatible trace elements and87Sr/86Sr is due to contamination of some Tortuga magmas while they are fractionated in a high-level crustal magma chamber. The mantle source of least-contaminated, high Mg/Fe basalt lavas of Tortuga is similar, although not identical to the source of normal mid-ocean ridge tholeiite; significant differences exist. The reasons for these differences are not yet known.
Black shale is a dark-colored mudrock containing organic matter that may have generated hydrocarbons in the subsurface or that may yield hydrocarbons by pyrolysis. Many black shale units are enriched in metals severalfold above expected amounts in ordinary shale. Some black shale units have served as host rocks for syngenetic metal deposits.
Black shales have formed throughout the Earth's history and in all parts of the world. This suggests that geologic processes and not geologic settings are the controlling factors in the accumulation of black shale. Geologic processes are those of deposition by which the raw materials of black shale are accumulated and those of diagenesis in response to increasing depth of burial.
Depositional processes involve a range of relationships among such factors as organic productivity, clastic sedimentation rate, and the intensity of oxidation by which organic matter is destroyed. If enough organic material is present to exhaust the oxygen in the environment, black shale results.
Diagenetic processes involve chemical reactions controlled by the nature of the components and by the pressure and temperature regimens that continuing burial imposes. For a thickness of a few meters beneath the surface, sulfate is reduced and sulfide minerals may be deposited. Fermentation reactions in the next several hundred meters result in biogenic methane, followed successively at greater depths by decarboxylation reactions and thermal maturation that form additional hydrocarbons. Suites of newly formed minerals are characteristic for each of the zones of diagenesis.
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","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/jf60222a008","usgsCitation":"Schultz, D., Harman, P., and Luhning, C., 1979, Uptake, metabolism, and elimination of the lampricide 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol by largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides): Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v. 27, no. 2, p. 328-331, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60222a008.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"328","endPage":"331","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134312,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1de4b07f02db60877d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schultz, D.P.","contributorId":106054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schultz","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harman, P.D.","contributorId":56595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harman","given":"P.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Luhning, C.W.","contributorId":76682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luhning","given":"C.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70012635,"text":"70012635 - 1979 - A practical method of estimating standard error of age in the fission track dating method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-06T20:23:16","indexId":"70012635","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2911,"text":"Nuclear Tracks","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A practical method of estimating standard error of age in the fission track dating method","docAbstract":"A first-order approximation formula for the propagation of error in the fission track age equation is given by PA = C[P2s+P2i+P2??-2rPsPi] 1 2, where PA, Ps, Pi and P?? are the percentage error of age, of spontaneous track density, of induced track density, and of neutron dose, respectively, and C is a constant. 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","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists (ASIH)","doi":"10.2307/1443416","usgsCitation":"Fellers, G.M., 1979, Mate selection in the treefrog, Hyla versicolor: Copeia, v. 1979, no. 2, p. 286-290, https://doi.org/10.2307/1443416.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"286","endPage":"290","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130410,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1979","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adee4b07f02db6875cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fellers, Gary M. 0000-0003-4092-0285 gary_fellers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4092-0285","contributorId":3150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fellers","given":"Gary","email":"gary_fellers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":316106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70175588,"text":"70175588 - 1979 - Chemical and physical characteristics of water in estuaries of Texas, October 1973-September 1974","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T11:46:01","indexId":"70175588","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5176,"text":"Texas Department of Water Resources Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"231","title":"Chemical and physical characteristics of water in estuaries of Texas, October 1973-September 1974","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Texas Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Lind, W., and Ratzlaff, K.W., 1979, Chemical and physical characteristics of water in estuaries of Texas, October 1973-September 1974: Texas Department of Water Resources Report 231, 217 p.","productDescription":"217 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326662,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b58ac1e4b03bcb0104bb74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lind, W.B.","contributorId":58645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lind","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ratzlaff, Karl W.","contributorId":99177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratzlaff","given":"Karl","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70197189,"text":"70197189 - 1979 - Assessing Metallic Resources in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-21T15:37:07","indexId":"70197189","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":743,"text":"American Scientist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing Metallic Resources in Alaska","docAbstract":"In the last two decades federal and state governments have become in creasingly preoccupied with classi fying public lands according to the uses that may be made of them. One outcome of the classifying can be a change in the land's legal status from one in which any use is tolerated to one in which only selected activities are allowed. Since such a change af fects the economic and recreational opportunities of individuals and in stitutions, a variety of interest groups have developed to follow and influ ence the classifying process. Perhaps nowhere has the process been more closely scrutinized or more hotly de bated than in Alaska, where land-use decisions for much of the state's 375 million acres are being made.
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\":{\"name\":\"Alaska\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"67","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b15c887e4b092d9651e23df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Singer, Donald A. dsinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":5601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"Donald","email":"dsinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":735952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ovenshine, A. Thomas","contributorId":28989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ovenshine","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1014528,"text":"1014528 - 1979 - Development of standard reference lines of rainbow trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:26","indexId":"1014528","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of standard reference lines of rainbow trout","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"None/NF","usgsCitation":"Kincaid, H.L., 1979, Development of standard reference lines of rainbow trout: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 108, no. 5, p. 457-461.","productDescription":"p. 457-461","startPage":"457","endPage":"461","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130725,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65ddfd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kincaid, H. L.","contributorId":21891,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kincaid","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1014085,"text":"1014085 - 1979 - Myxosoma cerebralis: A method for staining spores and other stages with silver nitrate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-03T16:21:31.953821","indexId":"1014085","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2543,"text":"Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Myxosoma cerebralis: A method for staining spores and other stages with silver nitrate","title":"Myxosoma cerebralis: A method for staining spores and other stages with silver nitrate","docAbstract":"Eleven dye substances were tested for their ability to stain Myxosoma cerebralis and to be retained through either the pepsin-trypsin-dextrose or the plankton centrifuge method of releasing and concentrating spores. Silver nitrate proved to be the best; it produced a distinctive brown color that has been retained by spores through 2.5 yr of storage. The method has applications in histologic studies of whirling disease, in quantifying the efficiency of spore detection procedures, and in teaching.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/f79-013","usgsCitation":"Wolf, K., and Markiw, M., 1979, Myxosoma cerebralis: A method for staining spores and other stages with silver nitrate: Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, v. 36, no. 1, p. 88-89, https://doi.org/10.1139/f79-013.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"88","endPage":"89","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129568,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4918","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolf, K.","contributorId":16344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Markiw, M.E.","contributorId":44865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markiw","given":"M.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1007849,"text":"1007849 - 1979 - Exploitation of marine mammals: r-selection of K-strategists?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-03T16:23:27.096547","indexId":"1007849","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2543,"text":"Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Exploitation of marine mammals: r-selection of K-strategists?","docAbstract":"The importance of marine mammals as predators to the organization of marine communities is poorly known, although in several structurally analogous systems the ecological and evolutionary roles of predators are known to be of considerable importance. Occupation of the marine environment by mammals probably carried physiological constraints for single-young pregnancies thereby limiting all species to low intrinsic rates of population increase. As such, species subjected to high mortality rates from predation or other natural disturbances became extinct; those that survived probably were largely resource limited. In view of this scenario it is suggested that stable populations of marine mammals can be maintained at high levels without being manipulated in most communities. Exploitation probably constitutes a rather dramatic environmental change to marine mammals consequently subjecting them to selective forces fundamentally different from many of those under the influence of which they evolved.
Three rabbit antisera raised to trout IgM showed positive immunofluorescent reactions with lymphocytes of trout spleen and thymus. These antisera showed no detectable cross-reactivity with keyhole limpet hemocyanin, as determined by direct radioimmune precipitation and adsorption, and did not appeare to react significantly with carbohydrate moieties on trout IgM, as determined by the failure of proteolytic digests of trout IgM to inhibit in radioimmunoassay against intact trout IgM. Membrane immunoglobulin determinants were detectable on the membrane of both thymocytes and splenocytes with the lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination reaction. Radioimmunoassay of lysates of lymphocytes confirmed the association of immunoglobulin with trout thymocytes. By radioimmunoassay, lysates of thymic and splenic lymphocytes contained similar amounts of immunoglobulin, equivalent to approximately 8 × 104 molecules of IgM per cell (calculated as the monomer µ2L2).
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Immunologists, Inc.","doi":"10.4049/jimmunol.123.2.910","usgsCitation":"Warr, G., DeLuca, D., and Griffin, B., 1979, Membrane immunoglobulin is present on thymic and splenic lymphocytes of the trout Salmo gairdneri: Journal of Immunology, v. 123, no. 2, p. 910-917, https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.123.2.910.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"910","endPage":"917","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129178,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"123","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ce4b07f02db613ced","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warr, G.W.","contributorId":85912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warr","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeLuca, D.","contributorId":18705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeLuca","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Griffin, B.R.","contributorId":62169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1014463,"text":"1014463 - 1979 - Influence of dietary zinc on cataracts in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-27T17:06:24.682812","indexId":"1014463","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2403,"text":"Journal of Nutrition","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of dietary zinc on cataracts in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)","docAbstract":"The purpose of this study was to determine the cause of lens cataracts in hatchery trout fed diets containing white fish meal. After preliminary investigations, three experiments were conducted with fry of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) that were fed practical-type diets containing either 40% herring meal (control diet) or 40% white fish meal with and without various mineral supplements. In all experiments, the trout fed herring meal grew well and had normal lenses. Those fed the diet containing white fish meal without supplement grew slowly and developed bilateral cataracts determined by using a slit-lamp biomicroscope. The severity of cataracts was increased by supplementing the diet with a mixture of minerals (phosphates and carbonates of calcium, sodium and potassium). Cataracts were prevented, however, with supplemental Na2EDTA or zinc but not by supplements of manganese, copper, iron or various other minerals. The metabolic alterations responsible for the zinc-deficiency cataract were not determined.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1093/jn/109.6.965","usgsCitation":"Ketola, H.G., 1979, Influence of dietary zinc on cataracts in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri): Journal of Nutrition, v. 109, no. 6, p. 965-969, https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/109.6.965.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"965","endPage":"969","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129948,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"109","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f1e4b07f02db5ee323","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ketola, H. G.","contributorId":60976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ketola","given":"H.","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1013610,"text":"1013610 - 1979 - Plaque-forming cells and humoral antibody in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) induced by immersion in a Yersinia ruckeri O-antigen preparation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-03T16:19:14.610446","indexId":"1013610","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2543,"text":"Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Plaque-forming cells and humoral antibody in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) induced by immersion in a Yersinia ruckeri O-antigen preparation","title":"Plaque-forming cells and humoral antibody in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) induced by immersion in a Yersinia ruckeri O-antigen preparation","docAbstract":"Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were exposed to the O-antigen of Yersinia ruckeri by various immunization regimens. The passive hemolytic plaque assay was used to show specific splenic plaque-forming cells (PFC) and passive hemagglutination demonstrated humoral antibody titers in fish injected with or immersed in the antigen preparations. Preceding antigen immersion with a 2-min immersion in either a 5.2 or a 2.6% NaCl solution did not affect the numbers of PFC or levels of antibody. Fish held for 2 min in ethyl m-aminobenzoate methanesulfonate (MS-222®) before antigen immersion showed no significant difference from the control fish. Dosage studies showed that the minimal concentration of antigen for induction of PFC by immersion was 5.0 μg/mL.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/f79-092","usgsCitation":"Anderson, D.P., Roberson, B., and Dixon, O.W., 1979, Plaque-forming cells and humoral antibody in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) induced by immersion in a Yersinia ruckeri O-antigen preparation: Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, v. 36, no. 6, p. 636-639, https://doi.org/10.1139/f79-092.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"636","endPage":"639","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132077,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db68507e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, D. P.","contributorId":32469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roberson, B.S.","contributorId":103986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberson","given":"B.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dixon, O. W.","contributorId":101588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70011710,"text":"70011710 - 1979 - Space, time, and the third dimension (model error)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-05T12:26:24","indexId":"70011710","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Space, time, and the third dimension (model error)","docAbstract":"The space-time tradeoff of hydrologic data collection (the ability to substitute spatial coverage for temporal extension of records or vice versa) is controlled jointly by the statistical properties of the phenomena that are being measured and by the model that is used to meld the information sources. The control exerted on the space-time tradeoff by the model and its accompanying errors has seldom been studied explicitly. The technique, known as Network Analyses for Regional Information (NARI), permits such a study of the regional regression model that is used to relate streamflow parameters to the physical and climatic characteristics of the drainage basin.
The NARI technique shows that model improvement is a viable and sometimes necessary means of improving regional data collection systems. Model improvement provides an immediate increase in the accuracy of regional parameter estimation and also increases the information potential of future data collection. Model improvement, which can only be measured in a statistical sense, cannot be quantitatively estimated prior to its achievement; thus an attempt to upgrade a particular model entails a certain degree of risk on the part of the hydrologist.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR015i006p01797","usgsCitation":"Moss, M.E., 1979, Space, time, and the third dimension (model error): Water Resources Research, v. 15, no. 6, p. 1797-1800, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR015i006p01797.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1797","endPage":"1800","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221386,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b940ae4b08c986b31a819","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moss, Marshall E.","contributorId":6830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moss","given":"Marshall","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1013609,"text":"1013609 - 1979 - Induction of antibody-producing cells in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, by flush exposure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-04T16:43:41.581925","indexId":"1013609","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2285,"text":"Journal of Fish Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Induction of antibody-producing cells in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, by flush exposure","docAbstract":"Splenic antibody-producing cells were produced by rainbow trout that had been exposed to O-antigens extracted from Yersinia ruckeri and Aeromonas salmonicida by adding the concentrated antigen preparation directly into the water of the tank holding the fish for a flush exposure. This method was compared with the proven techniques of exposure: intraperitoneal injection or a 2 minute immersion of the fish in the antigen preparation. Dosage experiments showed that the production of antibody-producing cells was induced by the immersion of trout for 2 minutes in water with 5.0 μg/ml-1 (or more) with the Y. ruckeri O-antigen, or 500 μg ml-1 (or more) of the A. salmonicida O-antigen. Similar differences were evident when the respective antigens were added directly to the water.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1095-8649.1979.tb03611.x","usgsCitation":"Anderson, D.P., Roberson, B., and Dixon, O.W., 1979, Induction of antibody-producing cells in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, by flush exposure: Journal of Fish Biology, v. 15, no. 3, p. 317-322, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1979.tb03611.x.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"317","endPage":"322","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132228,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-01-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f0178","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, D. P.","contributorId":32469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roberson, B.S.","contributorId":103986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberson","given":"B.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dixon, O. W.","contributorId":101588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70012547,"text":"70012547 - 1979 - A new instrument system to investigate sediment dynamics on continental shelves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-18T15:12:41.304915","indexId":"70012547","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new instrument system to investigate sediment dynamics on continental shelves","docAbstract":"A new instrumented tripod, the GEOPROBE system, has been constructed and used to collect time-series data on physical and geological parameters that are important in bottom sediment dynamics on continental shelves. Simultaneous in situ digital recording of pressure, temperature, light scattering, and light transmission, in combination with current velocity profiles measured with a near-bottom vertical array of electromagnetic current meters, is used to correlate bottom shear generated by a variety of oceanic processes (waves, tides, mean flow, etc.) with incipient movement and resuspension of bottom sediment. A bottom camera system that is activated when current speeds exceed preset threshold values provides a unique method to identify initial sediment motion and bed form development.
Data from a twenty day deployment of the GEOPROBE system in Norton Sound, Alaska, during the period September 24 - October 14, 1976 show that threshold conditions for sediment movement are commonly exceeded, even in calm weather periods, due to the additive effects of tidal currents, mean circulation, and surface waves.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(79)90021-5","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Cacchione, D., and Drake, D., 1979, A new instrument system to investigate sediment dynamics on continental shelves: Marine Geology, v. 30, no. 3-4, p. 299-312, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(79)90021-5.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"299","endPage":"312","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222083,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4a4e4b0c8380cd467c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cacchione, D.A.","contributorId":65448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cacchione","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":363868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drake, D.E.","contributorId":48150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drake","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012429,"text":"70012429 - 1979 - Improved signal discrimination in tectonomagnetism: Discovery of a volcanomagnetic effect at Kilauea, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-13T13:50:57","indexId":"70012429","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3071,"text":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Improved signal discrimination in tectonomagnetism: Discovery of a volcanomagnetic effect at Kilauea, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Cancellation of extraterrestrial magnetic disturbances by taking simple differences between total field readings at spaced stations is imperfect. It is shown that improvement is possible when three component observatory data are available from a single station in the general, but not necessarily immediate, vicinity of an array of total field stations used in a tectonomagnetic study. The local effects of a magnetic disturbance field depend upon its orientation, so that local field differences are more effectively generated by certain orientations of the disturbance field. The orientation of the disturbance field which correlates best with a local difference field is determined by a least-squares method, so that the correlated vector signal can be routinely subtracted from the difference field record. Application of the technique to daily averages of records from three synchronised proton magnetometers on Kilauea volcano reveals a 1.5-nT change in the local field at the time of a flank eruption in May, 1973. This effect was obscured by noise in the raw difference field data. ?? 1979.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0031-9201(79)90005-0","issn":"00319201","usgsCitation":"Davis, P., Stacey, F., Zablocki, C., and Olson, J., 1979, Improved signal discrimination in tectonomagnetism: Discovery of a volcanomagnetic effect at Kilauea, Hawaii: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, v. 19, no. 4, p. 331-336, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(79)90005-0.","startPage":"331","endPage":"336","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222138,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267348,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(79)90005-0"}],"volume":"19","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3964e4b0c8380cd618e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, P.M.","contributorId":15229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stacey, F.D.","contributorId":59176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stacey","given":"F.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zablocki, C.J.","contributorId":52178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zablocki","given":"C.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Olson, J.V.","contributorId":71836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"J.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70012465,"text":"70012465 - 1979 - Preliminary isotopic studies of fluids from the Cerro Prieto geothermal field","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-24T14:08:40","indexId":"70012465","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1828,"text":"Geothermics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preliminary isotopic studies of fluids from the Cerro Prieto geothermal field","docAbstract":"Preliminary isotopic studies of Cerro Prieto geothermal fluids and earlier studies of Mexicali Valley ground waters suggest local recharge of the geothermal system from the area immediately to the west. Oxygen isotope exchange of water with reservoir rock minerals at temperatures increasing with depth has produced fluids with oxygen-18 contents increasing with depth, and pressure drawdown in the southeastern part of the field has allowed lower oxygen-18 fluids to invade the production aquifer from above. The contents of tritium and carbon-14 in the fluid suggest only that the age of the fluid is between 50 and 10,000 years. The isotopic compositions of carbon and sulfur are consistent with a magmatic origin of these elements but a mixed sedimentary-organic origin appears more likely for carbon and is also possible for sulfur. Investigations of the isotopic compositions of geothermal and cold ground waters continue and are being expanded as fluids become available and as separation and analysis methods are improved. ?? 1979.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geothermics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0375-6505(79)90044-0","issn":"03756505","usgsCitation":"Truesdell, A., Rye, R.O., Pearson, F.J., Olson, E., Nehring, N., Whelan, J.F., Huebner, M., and Coplen, T., 1979, Preliminary isotopic studies of fluids from the Cerro Prieto geothermal field: Geothermics, v. 8, no. 3-4, p. 223-229, https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6505(79)90044-0.","startPage":"223","endPage":"229","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222723,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268146,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-6505(79)90044-0"}],"volume":"8","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8865e4b0c8380cd7d8bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Truesdell, A.H.","contributorId":52566,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Truesdell","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6672,"text":"former: USGS Southwest Biological Science Center, Colorado Plateau Research Station, Flagstaff, AZ. Current address: TN-SCORE, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, e-mail: jennen@gmail.com","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":363674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rye, R. O.","contributorId":66208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rye","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pearson, F. J. Jr.","contributorId":7696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearson","given":"F.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Olson, E.R.","contributorId":103011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"E.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nehring, N.L.","contributorId":21157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nehring","given":"N.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Whelan, J. F.","contributorId":45328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whelan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Huebner, M.A.","contributorId":59950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huebner","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Coplen, T.B.","contributorId":34147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"T.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70185096,"text":"70185096 - 1979 - Tufted Puffins nesting in estuarine habitat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-20T11:35:48","indexId":"70185096","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tufted Puffins nesting in estuarine habitat","docAbstract":"The Tufted Puffin (Lunda cirrhata) apparently has the most extensive breeding distribution of any North Pacific seabird, extending in the western North Pacific from Hokkaido to the north Chukotsk Peninsula on the Chukchi Sea, and in North America from Cape Lisburne on the Chukchi Sea, south to the Farallon Islands off central California (Udvardy 1963). Despite this wide breeding distribution, the reported nesting habitat is generally restricted to steep, rocky islands and continental headlands (see Dement’ev and Gladkov 1951, Kozlova 1957, Gabrielson and Lincoln 1959, Portenko 1973, Sealy 1973, and Sowls et al. 1978). Nests are typically excavated in steep slopes and/or on vegetated plateaus, well above normal tidal influence but occasionally within the spray or storm-wash zone. Nowhere has L. cirrhata or any other puffin species been reported to nest in a flat, estuarine habitat in substrate normally affected by tides during the breeding season. Portenko (1973: 137) refers to Tufted Puffins breeding on Alyumka Island in the Anadyr \"estuary\" (64°40'N, 177°37'E), but Alyumka Island is a rocky coastal island having immediate offshore waters between 3-18 m deep (A.A. Kistchinski, The Ringing Center, Moscow, and George Tyner, U.S. Defense Mapping Agency, pers. comm.).
During the summers of 1976, 1977, and 1978, we found 14-18 pairs of Tufted Puffins nesting on 4 narrow sand islands (5-7 ha each) along the northcentral Alaska Peninsula at Nelson Lagoon (56°00'N, 161°10'W). As of June 1979, 25 active burrows had been reported there (Margaret R. Petersen, pers. comm.). The islands lie approximately 1.3 km from the Bering Sea coast and are protected from the sea by a long, narrow (0.5 kin) sand peninsula. The main deepwater channel in the lagoon, 3-7 m deep and 100-300 m wide at mean low water (MLW), separates the islands from the peninsula. The islands, which are free of permafrost, have a uniformly low profile with the highest elevation 1-2 m above mean high water (MHW) (Fig. 1). Each island is circumscribed by a gently sloping (<5°), narrow (5-15 m) sand/gravel beach that graduates at MLW to intertidal mud- and sandflats. These are extensive on the south and southeast sides (several hundred m) and relatively narrow (10-20 m) on the north and northwest or channel sides. The banks of each island are moderate to near vertical in slope. Puffin burrows face the channel, are located at or near the vegetation/beach interface, and extend into the bank horizontally or slightly downward. Beach rye (Elymus arenarius mollis) grows over most of each island and is used as nesting cover by several hundred Glaucous-winged Gulls (Larus glaucescens) and lesser numbers of Common Eiders (Somateria mollissima v-nigra). Predation by gulls on puffin eggs or chicks was not observed, nor did we see gulls rob food from adult puffins returning to their burrows from foraging in the Bering Sea (cf. Nettleship 1972). Puffins were never observed feeding in the lagoon.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"Gill, R., and Sanger, G.A., 1979, Tufted Puffins nesting in estuarine habitat: The Auk, v. 96, no. 4, p. 792-794.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"792","endPage":"794","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337556,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337555,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://americanornithologypubs.org/page/access","text":"Publisher's Website"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Nelson Lagoon","volume":"96","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c90130e4b0849ce97abd71","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gill, Robert E. Jr. 0000-0002-6385-4500 rgill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6385-4500","contributorId":171747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"Robert E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rgill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sanger, Gerald A.","contributorId":10660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanger","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":684342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012467,"text":"70012467 - 1979 - Diagenetic changes in the elemental composition of unrecrystallized mollusk shells","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-21T12:39:19","indexId":"70012467","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diagenetic changes in the elemental composition of unrecrystallized mollusk shells","docAbstract":"The Mg, Sr, Mn, Fe, Na and K contents were determined for 230 apparently unrecrystallized mollusk shells (gastropods and bivalves) ranging in age from late Cretaceous to Holocene. Consistent differences between the Holocene and fossil shells with respect to concentrations of all these elements are attributed to postburial diagenetic changes. Fossil-Holocene shell comparisons are made on the intergeneric level, a more severe test of compositional differences than was previous work involved with few species. The observed differences re-emphasize the need for extreme caution in the use of the many geochemical tools which assume that no compositional changes have taken place prior to recrystallization of calcareous materials. ?? 1979.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0009-2541(79)90088-3","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Ragland, P., Pilkey, O.H., and Blackwelder, B.W., 1979, Diagenetic changes in the elemental composition of unrecrystallized mollusk shells: Chemical Geology, v. 25, no. 1-2, p. 123-134, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(79)90088-3.","startPage":"123","endPage":"134","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266133,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(79)90088-3"},{"id":221823,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a009ae4b0c8380cd4f7fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ragland, P.C.","contributorId":73338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ragland","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pilkey, O. H.","contributorId":107406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pilkey","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blackwelder, B. W.","contributorId":104136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blackwelder","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70012604,"text":"70012604 - 1979 - Submarine thermal springs on the Galapagos Rift","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-15T09:48:53","indexId":"70012604","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Submarine thermal springs on the Galapagos Rift","docAbstract":"The submarine hydrothermal activity on and near the Galápagos Rift has been explored with the aid of the deep submersible Alvin. Analyses of water samples from hydrothermal vents reveal that hydrothermal activity provides significant or dominant sources and sinks for several components of seawater; studies of conductive and convective heat transfer suggest that two-thirds of the heat lost from new oceanic lithosphere at the Galápagos Rift in the first million years may be vented from thermal springs, predominantly along the axial ridge within the rift valley. The vent areas are populated by animal communities. They appear to utilize chemosynthesis by sulfur-oxidizing bacteria to derive their entire energy supply from reactions between the seawater and the rocks at high temperatures, rather than photosynthesis
","language":"English","publisher":"AAAS","doi":"10.1126/science.203.4385.1073","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Corliss, J., Dymond, J., Gordon, L., Edmond, J., Von Herzen, R.P., Ballard, R.D., Green, K., Williams, D., Bainbridge, A., Crane, K., and Van Andel, T.H., 1979, Submarine thermal springs on the Galapagos Rift: Science, v. 203, no. 4385, p. 1073-1083, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.203.4385.1073.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1073","endPage":"1083","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222268,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"203","issue":"4385","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9d36e4b08c986b31d6ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Corliss, J.B.","contributorId":108253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corliss","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dymond, J.","contributorId":98461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dymond","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gordon, L.I.","contributorId":28370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gordon","given":"L.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Edmond, J.M.","contributorId":24920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edmond","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Von Herzen, R. P.","contributorId":87662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Von Herzen","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ballard, Richard D.","contributorId":40729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballard","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Green, K.","contributorId":63949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Williams, D.","contributorId":31908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Bainbridge, A.","contributorId":81639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bainbridge","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Crane, K.","contributorId":14117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crane","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Van Andel, T. H.","contributorId":68038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Andel","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70012439,"text":"70012439 - 1979 - Solubility of some alkali and alkaline earth chlorides in water at moderate temperatures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-07T16:47:47.170023","indexId":"70012439","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2209,"text":"Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Solubility of some alkali and alkaline earth chlorides in water at moderate temperatures","docAbstract":"Solubilities for the binary systems, salt-H2O, of the chlorides of lithium, rubidium, cesium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, and barium from near 0??C to the saturated boiling point are reported. The experimental data and coefficients of an equation for a smoothed curve describing each system are listed in the tables. The data are improvements on those previously reported in the literature, having a precision on the average of ??0.09%.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/je60083a019","issn":"00219568","usgsCitation":"Clynne, M., and Potter, R., 1979, Solubility of some alkali and alkaline earth chlorides in water at moderate temperatures: Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data, v. 24, no. 4, p. 338-340, https://doi.org/10.1021/je60083a019.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"338","endPage":"340","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222306,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9247e4b08c986b319de5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clynne, M.A.","contributorId":90722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clynne","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Potter, R.W. II","contributorId":16857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Potter","given":"R.W.","suffix":"II","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012546,"text":"70012546 - 1979 - Simulation of wetlands forest vegetation dynamics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-29T16:52:36.865206","indexId":"70012546","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulation of wetlands forest vegetation dynamics","docAbstract":"A computer program, SWAMP, was designed to simulate the effects of flood frequency and depth to water table on southern wetlands forest vegetation dynamics. By incorporating these hydrologic characteristics into the model, forest vegetation and vegetation dynamics can be simulated. The model, based on data from the White River National Wildlife Refuge near De Witt, Arkansas, “grows” individual trees on a 20 x 20-m plot taking into account effects on the tree growth of flooding, depth to water table, shade tolerance, overtopping and crowding, and probability of death and reproduction. A potential application of the model is illustrated with simulations of tree fruit production following flood-control implementation and lumbering.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0304-3800(79)90038-3","usgsCitation":"Phipps, R.L., 1979, Simulation of wetlands forest vegetation dynamics: Ecological Modelling, v. 7, no. 4, p. 257-288, https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3800(79)90038-3.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"257","endPage":"288","numberOfPages":"32","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222024,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b90bfe4b08c986b319653","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phipps, Richard L.","contributorId":52122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phipps","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012501,"text":"70012501 - 1979 - Origin of reverse-graded bedding in air-fall pumice, Coso Range, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-25T14:11:33","indexId":"70012501","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin of reverse-graded bedding in air-fall pumice, Coso Range, California","docAbstract":"The origin of reverse grading in air-fall pyroclastic deposits has been ascribed to: (1) changing conditions at an erupting vent; (2) deposition in water; or (3) rolling of large clasts over smaller clasts on the surface of a steep slope. Structural features in a deposit of air-fall pumice lapilli in the Coso Range, California, indicate that reverse grading there formed by a fourth mechanism during flow of pumice. Reverse-graded beds in this deposit occur where pumice lapilli fell on slopes at or near the angle of repose and formed as parts of the blanket of accumulating pumice became unstable and flowed downslope. The process of size sorting during such flow is probably analogous to that which sorts sand grains in a reverse fashion during avalanching on the slip faces of sand dunes, attributed by Bagnold (1954a) to a grain-dispersive pressure acting on particles subjected to a shear stress. In view of the several ways in which air-fall pyroclastic debris may become reverse graded, caution is advised in interpretation of the origin of this structure both in modern and in ancient deposits.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0377-0273(79)90031-3","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Duffield, W.A., Bacon, C., and Roquemore, G., 1979, Origin of reverse-graded bedding in air-fall pumice, Coso Range, California: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 5, no. 1-2, p. 35-48, https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(79)90031-3.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"48","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222357,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Coso Range","volume":"5","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a70f1e4b0c8380cd7635c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duffield, W. A.","contributorId":71935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duffield","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bacon, C. R. 0000-0002-2165-5618","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2165-5618","contributorId":21522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bacon","given":"C. R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":363764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roquemore, G.R.","contributorId":33453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roquemore","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}