{"pageNumber":"574","pageRowStart":"14325","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16446,"records":[{"id":28520,"text":"wri7888 - 1978 - Interpretation of well logs in a carbonate aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-13T14:53:01","indexId":"wri7888","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-88","title":"Interpretation of well logs in a carbonate aquifer","docAbstract":"This report describes the log analysis of the Randolph and Sabial core holes in the Edwards aquifer in Texas, with particular attention to the principles that can be applied generally to any carbonate system. The geologic and hydrologic data were obtained during the drilling of the two holes, from extensive laboratory analysis of the cores, and from numerous geophysical logs run in the two holes. Some logging methods are inherently superiors to others for the analysis of limestone and dolomite aquifers. Three such systems are the dentistry, neutron, and acoustic-velocity (sonic) logs. Most of the log analysis described here is based on the interpretation of suites of logs from these three systems. In certain instances, deeply focused resistivity logs can be used to good advantage in carbonate rock studies; this technique is used to computer the water resistivity in the Randolph core hole. The rocks penetrated by the Randolph core hole are typical of those carbonates that have undergone very little solution by recent ground-water circulation. There are few large solutional openings; the water is saline; and the rocks are dark, dolomitic, have pore space that is interparticle or intercrystalline, and contain unoxidized organic material. The total porosity of rocks in the saline zone is higher than that of rocks in the fresh-water aquifer; however, the intrinsic permeability is much less in the saline zone because there are fewer large solutional openings. The Sabinal core hole penetrates a carbonate environment that has experienced much solution by ground water during recent geologic time. The rocks have high secondary porosities controlled by sedimentary structures within the rock; the water is fresh; and the dominant rock composition is limestone. The relative percentages of limestone and dolomite, the average matrix (grain) densities of the rock mixtures , and the porosity of the rock mass can be calculated from density, neutron, and acoustic logs. With supporting data from resistivity logs, the formation water quality can be estimated, as well as the relative cementation or tortuosity of the rock. Many of these properties calculated from logs can be verified by analysis of the core available from test holes drilled in the saline and fresh water zones.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri7888","usgsCitation":"MacCary, L., 1978, Interpretation of well logs in a carbonate aquifer: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-88, iv, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7888.","productDescription":"iv, 30 p.","numberOfPages":"36","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159338,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0088/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":279493,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0088/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -100.6005,28.7851 ], [ -100.6005,29.9056 ], [ -97.329,29.9056 ], [ -97.329,28.7851 ], [ -100.6005,28.7851 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48c0e4b07f02db53bb94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacCary, L.M.","contributorId":13200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacCary","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":38701,"text":"pp813P - 1978 - Summary appraisals of the Nation's ground-water resources; Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-11T18:44:45","indexId":"pp813P","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"813","chapter":"P","title":"Summary appraisals of the Nation's ground-water resources; Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>Alaska has enormous surface-water resources, but many of the streams are frozen for most of the year and most contain glacial silt that makes them unacceptable for human use. These factors lend special significance to ground water as a water-supply source, even though perennially frozen ground (permafrost) profoundly modifies ground-water flow systems in much of Alaska north of the maritime southern coast and southeastern panhandle areas. Frozen ground is a virtually impermeable layer that restricts recharge, discharge, and movement of ground water, acts as a confining layer and limits the volume of unconsolidated deposits and bedrock in which water may be stored.</p>\n<p>Ground water is an untested resource in most of Alaska, but in many areas potential development of ground water far exceeds current use. Alluvium of major river valleys, such as the Yukon, Tanana, Kuskokwim and Susitna Rivers, probably contains the most extensive aquifers in the State. Large amounts of ground water are also stored in glacial outwash aquifers that underlie coastal basins and valleys, such as those at Kenai and Anchorage in the Cook Inlet lowland. Individual wells yielding more than 1,000 gallons per minute have been developed in the Tanana River valley, Cook Inlet lowland, and the coastal valleys at Seward and Juneau. Comparable yields should be possible in other areas that have similar geohydrologic environments. No major aquifers have been identified in glacial and glaciolacustrine deposits of interior valleys or in deltaic deposits. Major bedrock aquifers have been identified only in carbonate rocks of the Brooks Range and on the north side of the Alaska Range. Springs issuing from the carbonate rocks of the Brooks Range have discharges as great as 16,000 gallons per minute.</p>\n<p>Most ground-water recharge occurs beneath reaches of stream channels that are losing flow to the ground-water system. Most ground-water discharge also takes place along reaches of stream channels. This discharge augments streamflows during summer and maintains low flows during winter when there is no surface-water runoff. On the basis of a streamflow hydrograph separation technique and using the 60 percent flow-duration value as an indicator of ground-water discharge, it is estimated that 25 percent of the total volume of streamflow in Alaska (exclusive of coastal, maritime environments) is contributed by ground-water discharge.</p>\n<p>The thawing of frozen ground in the permafrost regions of Alaska causes construction and engineering problems. Disturbance of the ground surface disrupts the natural thermal equilibrium and tends to thaw part of the permafrost. Thawing can cause loss of strength, a decrease in volume, and an increase in erosion potential, particularly if the frozen ground is fine grained and poorly drained.</p>\n<p>Present deficiencies in the ground-water information base are obvious limiting factors to ground-water development in Alaska. There is a need to extend the ground-water data-collection network and to pursue special research into the quantitative aspects of ground-water hydrology in cold regions, particularly the continuous permafrost zone.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/pp813P","usgsCitation":"Zenone, C., and Anderson, G.S., 1978, Summary appraisals of the Nation's ground-water resources; Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 813, vi., 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp813P.","productDescription":"vi., 28 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119943,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0813p/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":65555,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0813p/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.84 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,{"id":43596,"text":"ofr78190 - 1978 - Hydrologic overlay maps of the Titusville SW Quadrangle, Brevard County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-30T18:32:52.294393","indexId":"ofr78190","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-190","title":"Hydrologic overlay maps of the Titusville SW Quadrangle, Brevard County, Florida","docAbstract":"<p>Brevard County is an area of some 1,300 square miles located on the east coast of central Florida. The Titusville SW Quadrangle, in northern Brevard, includes part of the St. Johns River channel and valley with extensive areas of relatively low marshlands. Approximately one half of the quadrangle area lies in Orange, Seminole, and Volusia Counties.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78190","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Brevard County Board of County Commissioners","usgsCitation":"Frazee, J.M., and Laughlin, C.P., 1978, Hydrologic overlay maps of the Titusville SW Quadrangle, Brevard County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-190, 5 Plates: 24.17 x 36.12 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78190.","productDescription":"5 Plates: 24.17 x 36.12 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":431636,"rank":6,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0190/sheet-5.pdf","text":"Sheet 5","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":431635,"rank":5,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0190/sheet-4.pdf","text":"Sheet 4","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":431634,"rank":4,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0190/sheet-3.pdf","text":"Sheet 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":431633,"rank":3,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0190/sheet-2.pdf","text":"Sheet 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":431632,"rank":2,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0190/sheet-1.pdf","text":"Sheet 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":168652,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0190/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Brevard County","otherGeospatial":"Titusville SW Quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.95578024549009,\n              28.70602324122642\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.95578024549009,\n              27.95243335422809\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.46378179500127,\n              27.95243335422809\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.46378179500127,\n              28.70602324122642\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.95578024549009,\n              28.70602324122642\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db6057a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frazee, James M. Jr.","contributorId":83887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frazee","given":"James","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":228435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Laughlin, Charles P.","contributorId":6490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laughlin","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":228434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":43595,"text":"ofr78192 - 1978 - Hydrologic overlay maps of the Titusville Quadrangle, Brevard County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-30T18:50:45.021196","indexId":"ofr78192","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-192","title":"Hydrologic overlay maps of the Titusville Quadrangle, Brevard County, Florida","docAbstract":"<p>Brevard County is an area of some 1,300 square miles located on the east coast of central Florida. The Titusville quadrangle, in northern Brevard, includes part of the Atlanta Coastal Ridge, an area of relatively high sand ridges that are generally above 30 feet in altitude (sheet 1). Approximately the western one third of the quadrangle is in relatively low marshlands of the St. Johns River valley. The eastern part of the quadrangle contains estuarine waters of the Indian River and a small portion of the John F. Kennedy Space Center on Merritt Island.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78192","usgsCitation":"Frazee, J.M., and Laughlin, C.P., 1978, Hydrologic overlay maps of the Titusville Quadrangle, Brevard County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-192, 7 Plates: 24.12 x 36.14 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78192.","productDescription":"7 Plates: 24.12 x 36.14 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":431645,"rank":8,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0192/sheet-7.pdf","text":"Sheet 7","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":431644,"rank":7,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0192/sheet-6.pdf","text":"Sheet 6","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":431643,"rank":6,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0192/sheet-5.pdf","text":"Sheet 5","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":431642,"rank":5,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0192/sheet-4.pdf","text":"Sheet 4","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":431641,"rank":4,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0192/sheet-3.pdf","text":"Sheet 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":431640,"rank":3,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0192/sheet-2.pdf","text":"Sheet 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":431639,"rank":2,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0192/sheet-1.pdf","text":"Sheet 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":168553,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0192/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Brevard County","otherGeospatial":"Titusville Quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.95578024549009,\n              28.70602324122642\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.95578024549009,\n              27.95243335422809\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.46378179500127,\n              27.95243335422809\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.46378179500127,\n              28.70602324122642\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.95578024549009,\n              28.70602324122642\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db605750","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frazee, James M. Jr.","contributorId":83887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frazee","given":"James","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":228433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Laughlin, Charles P.","contributorId":6490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laughlin","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":228432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":43591,"text":"ofr78194 - 1978 - Hydrologic overlay maps of the Orsino Quadrangle, Brevard County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:02","indexId":"ofr78194","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-194","title":"Hydrologic overlay maps of the Orsino Quadrangle, Brevard County, Florida","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr78194","usgsCitation":"Frazee, J.M., and Laughlin, C.P., 1978, Hydrologic overlay maps of the Orsino Quadrangle, Brevard County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-194, 5 maps ;80 x 55 cm. --, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78194.","productDescription":"5 maps ;80 x 55 cm. --","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":169322,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ae4b07f02db6064df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frazee, James M. Jr.","contributorId":83887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frazee","given":"James","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":228425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Laughlin, Charles P.","contributorId":6490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laughlin","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":228424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":30195,"text":"wri7796 - 1978 - Preliminary hydrologic budget of the sand-and-gravel aquifer under unstressed conditions: with a section on water-quality monitoring, Pensacola, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-23T11:24:56","indexId":"wri7796","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-96","title":"Preliminary hydrologic budget of the sand-and-gravel aquifer under unstressed conditions: with a section on water-quality monitoring, Pensacola, Florida","docAbstract":"The sand-and-gravel aquifer is the only freshwater aquifer in southern Escambia County, Fla. Problems related to the development of the aquifer include sustained yield, contamination, and saltwater intrusion. A digital model was applied to the sand-and-gravel aquifer in central and southern Escambia County treating the aquifer 's 'main producing zone ' as a discrete, leaky, confined aquifer. Under conditions of no pumping, most values for the final-head matrix agreed with assumed values within 4 feet in the area of principal interest. Discharge per unit land area was 1.04 cubic feet per second per square mile, in close agreement with the base runoff streams maintained by the aquifer. Total natural aquifer discharge within the area of principal interest determined by the model was 159 million gallons per day. The applicability of the present non-unique calibration for predicting the effects of pumping is questionable; a multilayered model may be required. Effluent infiltrating from holding lagoons for spray irrigation at the Scenic Hills Sewage Plant may have affected the quality of local perched ground water in the sand-and-gravel aquifer. Observation wells drilled near areas of heavy pumping around Bayou Chico indicated no saltwater intrusion. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri7796","usgsCitation":"Trapp, H., 1978, Preliminary hydrologic budget of the sand-and-gravel aquifer under unstressed conditions: with a section on water-quality monitoring, Pensacola, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 77-96, iv, 57 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7796.","productDescription":"iv, 57 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":365848,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1977/0096/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159961,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1977/0096/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","city":"Pensacola","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -87.4072265625,\n              30.306503259848835\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.08862304687499,\n              30.306503259848835\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.08862304687499,\n              30.56226095049944\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.4072265625,\n              30.56226095049944\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.4072265625,\n              30.306503259848835\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abce4b07f02db673397","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trapp, Henry Jr.","contributorId":6034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trapp","given":"Henry","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29963,"text":"wri784 - 1978 - Hydrogeologic factors affecting the availability and quality of ground water in the Temple Terrace area, Hillsborough County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-15T10:12:32","indexId":"wri784","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-4","title":"Hydrogeologic factors affecting the availability and quality of ground water in the Temple Terrace area, Hillsborough County, Florida","docAbstract":"Ground water occurs in two aquifers in the Temple Terrace area of Hillsborough County, Fla. The lower one is the artesian Floridan aquifer; the upper is the water-table aquifer. The Floridan aquifer is a thick sequence of limestone and dolomite layers which include several permeable zones that generally are treated as a single hydrologic unit. The top of the Tampa Limestone is considered to be the top of the Floridan in the Temple Terrace area. The public supply wells of the city tap the Tampa Limestone and the underlying Suwannee Limestone, in the upper part of the Floridan. The general direction of ground-water movement in the Floridan aquifer is from north to south, but within the city the direction of movement is from northeast to southwest. The quantity of water moving southwest through a 1.8 mile section of the aquifer is about 2.7 million gallons per day. Ample supplies of water in a cavernous limestone, considered to be the most productive water-yielding zone in the aquifer, are available for additional development from the Floridan aquifer. Water-quality data are included also. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri784","usgsCitation":"Stewart, J.W., Goetz, C.L., and Mills, L.R., 1978, Hydrogeologic factors affecting the availability and quality of ground water in the Temple Terrace area, Hillsborough County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-4, v, 38 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri784.","productDescription":"v, 38 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":365517,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0004/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160412,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0004/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Hillsborough County","otherGeospatial":"Temple Terrace area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.4081039428711,\n              28.00804237627334\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.36175537109375,\n              28.00804237627334\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.36175537109375,\n              28.067436206631196\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.4081039428711,\n              28.067436206631196\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.4081039428711,\n              28.00804237627334\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4fe4b07f02db62894b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stewart, Joseph William","contributorId":48185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goetz, Carole L.","contributorId":63850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goetz","given":"Carole","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mills, L. R.","contributorId":26281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mills","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":30488,"text":"wri7781 - 1978 - Water resources of northeast North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-22T10:15:25","indexId":"wri7781","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-81","title":"Water resources of northeast North Carolina","docAbstract":"Several water-related problems are associated with economic development of northeast North Carolina. The solution to these problems depends in part on adequate knowledge of the hydrology of this 8,930 square mile coastal area. Average annual precipitation on the area is about 50 inches. Of this amount, about 34 inches returns to the atmosphere by evapotranspiration, about 15 inches leaves the area as runoff, and about one inch leaves through ground-water outflow. No large stream originates within the area, but major streams entering from the north and west bring in three times as much streamflow as originates within the study area. The flat, low-lying terrane does not offer opportunities for extensive development of surface-water supplies through the use of reservoirs. Much of the surface water is contaminated by saltwater from the ocean. Ground water occurs in three major aquifers, all of which contain both freshwater and saltwater.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri7781","usgsCitation":"Wilder, H.B., Robison, T.M., and Lindskov, K., 1978, Water resources of northeast North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 77-81, x, 113 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7781.","productDescription":"x, 113 p. 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Carolina\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dfe4b07f02db5e3b8c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilder, Hugh B.","contributorId":83899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilder","given":"Hugh","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robison, Tully M.","contributorId":77969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robison","given":"Tully","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lindskov, K.L.","contributorId":91077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindskov","given":"K.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":26436,"text":"wri7889 - 1978 - Hydrologic evaluation of part of central Volusia County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-11T21:30:08.897838","indexId":"wri7889","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-89","title":"Hydrologic evaluation of part of central Volusia County, Florida","docAbstract":"<p>Municipal wells close to the Atlantic Coast cannot be expected to supply the steadily increasing population of Volusia County, Florida, indefinitely without causing saltwater intrusion problems. Therefore, new wells will be drilled away from the coast. The source of water for the planned artesian aquifer well field will be leakage from the water-table aquifer above. A digital model of the leaky aquifer system indicates that long-term yield of about 20 million gallons per day can be expected without the cone of depression dropping low enough to cause saltwater intrusion. Some types of land development could remove potential recharge from the area. Model tests with decreased leakage indicate that a large amount of potential recharge water would have to be removed from the system to effect an appreciable lowering of the cone of depression. Lowering the recharge potential by 20 percent apparently would have little effect on the cone. Lowering the recharge potential by 60 percent would, according to the model, increase the maximum depth of the cone by 27 percent. Land development that would redistribute potential recharge, rather than drain it away from the system, would have little effect on the aquifer beneath the well field.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri7889","usgsCitation":"Bush, P.W., 1978, Hydrologic evaluation of part of central Volusia County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-89, v, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7889.","productDescription":"v, 50 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":411746,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_35276.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":158124,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0089/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":95601,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0089/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Volusia County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.192,\n              29.2\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.192,\n              29.067\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.133,\n              29.067\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.133,\n              29.2\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.192,\n              29.2\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db605642","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bush, P. W.","contributorId":14826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bush","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26729,"text":"wri7828 - 1978 - Hydrologic analysis of the U.S. Bureau of Mines' underground oil-shale research-facility site, Piceance Creek Basin, Rio Blanco County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-12T22:32:57.591045","indexId":"wri7828","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-28","title":"Hydrologic analysis of the U.S. Bureau of Mines' underground oil-shale research-facility site, Piceance Creek Basin, Rio Blanco County, Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Bureau of Mines plans to develop an underground oil-shale research facility near the center of Piceance Creek basin in Colorado. The oil-shale zone, which is to be penetrated by a shaft, is overlain by 1,400 feet of sedimentary rocks, primarily sandstone and marlstone, consisting of two aquifers separated by a confining layer. Three test holes were drilled by the U.S. Bureau of Mines to obtain samples of the oil shale, and to test the hydraulic properties of the two aquifers. The data collected during construction of the test holes were used to update an existing ground-water-flow computer model. The model was used to estimate the maximum amount of water that would have to be pumped to dewater the shaft during its construction. It is estimated that it would be necessary to pump as much as 3,080 gallons per minute to keep the shaft dry. Disposal of waste water and rock are the principal hydrologic problems associated with constructing the shaft. (Woodard-</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri7828","usgsCitation":"Dale, R.H., and Weeks, J., 1978, Hydrologic analysis of the U.S. Bureau of Mines' underground oil-shale research-facility site, Piceance Creek Basin, Rio Blanco County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-28, iv, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7828.","productDescription":"iv, 35 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":411816,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_35240.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":55608,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0028/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122967,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0028/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Rio Blanco County","city":"Piceance Creek basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -108.333,\n              39.939\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.333,\n              39.906\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.292,\n              39.906\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.292,\n              39.939\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.333,\n              39.939\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a889a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dale, R. H.","contributorId":98711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dale","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weeks, John B.","contributorId":36123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weeks","given":"John B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":30340,"text":"wri7830 - 1978 - Effects of land use and water management on water quality in the western South New River Canal basin: southeast Florida, 1974-75","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-13T10:27:30","indexId":"wri7830","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-30","title":"Effects of land use and water management on water quality in the western South New River Canal basin: southeast Florida, 1974-75","docAbstract":"The South New River Canal (C-11) basin between water-control structures S-9 and S-13 is an area that is primarily undeveloped and the system of waterways within the basin is highly controlled for water-management purposes. Most of the recharge to the canals is by induced ground-water inflow and seepage. The chemical character of the surface and ground waters in inundated areas is mixed calcium-bicarbonate and sodium-chloride type. Inorganic nitrogen concentrations in surface waters are slightly higher in developed areas than in undeveloped areas. Concentrations of inorganic nitrogen in ground water in drained areas are 2-4 times greater than in undeveloped inundated areas. Average orthophosphate concentrations are uniformly low (0.01 to 0.03 milligrams per liter) throughout the basin. Total residue concentrations are fairly uniform throughout the basin and fluctuate primarily in response to hydrologic conditions. Runoff and load-discharge indices indicated that the loads of inorganic nitrogen, total residue, and phosphorus, and the discharge per unit of land drained were uniform throughout most of the basin. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri7830","usgsCitation":"Waller, B., 1978, Effects of land use and water management on water quality in the western South New River Canal basin: southeast Florida, 1974-75: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-30, v, 56 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7830.","productDescription":"v, 56 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159302,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"South New River Canal basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.21942138671875,\n              26.04999729224954\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.19950866699219,\n              26.04999729224954\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.19950866699219,\n              26.069736109561056\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.21942138671875,\n              26.069736109561056\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.21942138671875,\n              26.04999729224954\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611d5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waller, B.G.","contributorId":75970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waller","given":"B.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26740,"text":"wri78134 - 1978 - Land use, land cover, and drainage on the Albemarle-Pamlico Peninsula, Eastern North Carolina, 1974","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-21T17:19:29.617438","indexId":"wri78134","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-134","title":"Land use, land cover, and drainage on the Albemarle-Pamlico Peninsula, Eastern North Carolina, 1974","docAbstract":"A land use, land cover, and drainage map of the 2,000-square-mile Albermarle-Pamlico peninsula of eastern North Carolina has been prepared, at a scale of 1:125,000, as part of a larger study of the effects of large-scale land clearing on regional hydrology. The peninsula includes the most extensive area of wetland in North Carolina and one of the largest in the country. In recent years the pace of land clearing on the peninsula has accelerated as land is being converted from forest, swamp, and brushland to agricultural use. Conversion of swamps to intensive farming operations requires profound changes in the landscape. Vegetation is uprooted and burned and ditches and canals are dug to remove excess water. What is the impact of these changes on ground-water supplies and on the streams and surrounding coastal waters which receive the runoff This map will aid in answering these and similar questions that have arisen about the patterns of land use and the artificial drainage system that removes excess water from the land. By showing both land use and drainage, this map can be used to identify those areas where water-related problems may occur and help assess the nature and causes of these problems. The map covers the entire area east of the Suffolk Scarp, an area of about 2,000 square miles, for the year 1974 using data from 1974-76. Land use and land cover were compiled and modified from the U.S. Geological Survey 's Rocky Mount and Manteo LUDA maps. Additional information came from U.S. Geological Survey orthophotoquads, Landsat imagery, and field checking. Drainage was mapped from orthophotoquads, some field inspection, and 7-1/2 minute topographic quadrangle maps.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri78134","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the North Carolina Department of Natural Resources and Community Development","usgsCitation":"Daniel, C., 1978, Land use, land cover, and drainage on the Albemarle-Pamlico Peninsula, Eastern North Carolina, 1974: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-134, 2 Plates: 47.94 x 30.89 inches and 47.90 x 31.02 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri78134.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 47.94 x 30.89 inches and 47.90 x 31.02 inches","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158490,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0134/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":492647,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0134/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":492646,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0134/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":492648,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0134/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Albemarle-Pamplico Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -78.046875,\n              34.44315867450577\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.046875,\n              36.57142382346277\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.99267578125,\n              36.57142382346277\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.99267578125,\n              34.44315867450577\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.046875,\n              34.44315867450577\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6adf98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Daniel, C.C.","contributorId":53427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daniel","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":36312,"text":"b1458 - 1978 - Bibliography of the geology and hydrology of the Albuquerque greater urban area, Bernalillo and parts of Sandoval, Santa Fe, Socorro, Torrance, and Valencia counties, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:45","indexId":"b1458","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1458","title":"Bibliography of the geology and hydrology of the Albuquerque greater urban area, Bernalillo and parts of Sandoval, Santa Fe, Socorro, Torrance, and Valencia counties, New Mexico","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/b1458","usgsCitation":"Wright, A.F., 1978, Bibliography of the geology and hydrology of the Albuquerque greater urban area, Bernalillo and parts of Sandoval, Santa Fe, Socorro, Torrance, and Valencia counties, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1458, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1458.","productDescription":"31 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":166008,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1458/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":64253,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1458/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627d80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, Ann Finley","contributorId":99196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Ann","email":"","middleInitial":"Finley","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":216117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26896,"text":"wri78113 - 1978 - Two-dimensional and three-dimensional digital flow models of the Salinas Valley ground-water basin, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:17","indexId":"wri78113","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-113","title":"Two-dimensional and three-dimensional digital flow models of the Salinas Valley ground-water basin, California","docAbstract":"The Salinas Valley ground-water basin is in central coastal California. The ground-water basin extends from Monterey Bay southeastward along the Salinas River to San Ardo, a distance of about 70 miles, and has a maximum thickness of about 2,000 feet. Annual recharge to the ground-water basin, which is derived mostly from the Salinas River, is about 290,000 acre-feet. Annual discharge, which is mostly from pumpage but also includes the consumptive use of ground water by riparian vegetation along the Salinas River, is about 507,000 acre-feet. About 45 percent of the pumpage, or about 217,000 acre-feet of water annually, returns to the ground-water system. A system of interacting hydrologic models was developed for the Salinas Valley. These models include the small-stream model, river model, two-dimensional ground-water model, and three-dimensional ground-water model. The small-stream model simulates ground-water recharge from small streams that are tributary to the Salinas River. The river model simulates ground-water recharge from the surface-water discharge in the Salinas River. The two-dimensional and three-dimensional ground-water models simulate hydraulic head in the ground-water basin. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri78113","usgsCitation":"Durbin, T.J., Kapple, G., and Freckleton, J.R., 1978, Two-dimensional and three-dimensional digital flow models of the Salinas Valley ground-water basin, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-113, xi, 134 p. :ill., maps (some fold. in pocket) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri78113.","productDescription":"xi, 134 p. :ill., maps (some fold. in pocket) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157365,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a48e4b07f02db623925","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Durbin, T. J.","contributorId":55818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durbin","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kapple, G.W.","contributorId":88764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kapple","given":"G.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Freckleton, J. R.","contributorId":93498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freckleton","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":26399,"text":"wri7834 - 1978 - Configuration of the top of the Floridan aquifer, Southwest Florida Water Management District and adjacent areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-08T12:19:58","indexId":"wri7834","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-34","title":"Configuration of the top of the Floridan aquifer, Southwest Florida Water Management District and adjacent areas","docAbstract":"This map depicts the approximate top of the rock that composes the Floridan aquifer. The contours represent the elevation of the top of the Floridan aquifer to mean sea level. Rock units recognized to be part of the Floridan aquifer are limestone and dolomite ranging from middle Eocene to early Miocene. They are Lake City Limestone, Avon Park Limestone, Ocala Limestone, Suwannee Limestone, and Tampa Limestone. In this report, the top of the Floridan aquifer is a limestone defined as the first consistent rock of early Miocene age or older below which occur no clay confining beds. Although the Hawthorn formation of middle Miocene is considered part of the Floridan aquifer when it is in direct hydrologic contact with lower lying rock units, it is not considered here because of a lack of detailed delineation of areas where contact exists. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri7834","usgsCitation":"Buono, A., and Rutledge, A.T., 1978, Configuration of the top of the Floridan aquifer, Southwest Florida Water Management District and adjacent areas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-34, 1 map :col. ;84 x 63 cm. fold. in envelope 30 x 24 cm. --, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7834.","productDescription":"1 map :col. ;84 x 63 cm. fold. in envelope 30 x 24 cm. --","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157869,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274552,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0034/plate-1.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b13e4b07f02db6a328f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buono, A.","contributorId":61034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buono","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rutledge, A. T.","contributorId":38532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rutledge","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29056,"text":"wri7827 - 1978 - Hydrologic monitoring of a deep-well waste-injection system near Pensacola, Florida, March 1970 - March 1977","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:52","indexId":"wri7827","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-27","title":"Hydrologic monitoring of a deep-well waste-injection system near Pensacola, Florida, March 1970 - March 1977","docAbstract":"This report presents hydraulic and chemical data collected at a deep-well waste-injection system near Pensacola, Florida. Since injection began in July 1963, about 13.3 billion gallons of industrial acidic waste containing nitric acid, inorganic salts and numerous organic compounds have been injected into a saline-water-filled limestone aquifer. Wellhead pressure at two injection wells averaged 180 pounds per square inch in March 1977 and the hydraulic pressure gradient was 0.53 pound per square inch per foot of depth to the top of the injection zone. Increases in pressure since 1970 at two wells used to monitor the injection zone at sites located 1.9 miles north and 1.5 miles south of the injection site have been about 22 and 29 pounds per square inch. The pressure in a shallow monitor well, penetrating the first permeable zone above the 220-foot-thick confining bed, declined about 4 pounds per square inch. No changes were detected in the chemical character of water from the shallow monitor well and the north monitor well, but since late 1973, concentrations of bicarbonate and dissolved organic carbon in water from the south monitor well have increased. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division,","doi":"10.3133/wri7827","usgsCitation":"Pascale, C.A., and Martin, J., 1978, Hydrologic monitoring of a deep-well waste-injection system near Pensacola, Florida, March 1970 - March 1977: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-27, iv, 61 p. :ill. ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7827.","productDescription":"iv, 61 p. :ill. ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119728,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0027/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57919,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0027/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ae4b07f02db6065d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pascale, Charles A.","contributorId":99978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pascale","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, J.B.","contributorId":32923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29057,"text":"wri7897 - 1978 - Hydrologic, geologic, and water-quality data, Ochlockonee River basin area, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-29T16:47:40.579086","indexId":"wri7897","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-97","title":"Hydrologic, geologic, and water-quality data, Ochlockonee River basin area, Florida","docAbstract":"<p>This report presents hydrologic, geologic, and water-quality data collected within the Ochlockonee River basin area, in the panhandle of northwest Florida. The data are presented in graphs and tables. Surface-water data include streamflow measurements and analyses of water collected at 58 sites; ground-water data include descriptions of 360 wells and core holes, analyses of water and hydrographs of selected wells, lithologic logs of 131 wells and test borings, and natural-gamma logs of selected wells ranging in depth from 110 to 1,346 feet. Rainfall and municipal pumpage data also are compiled. Maps show the location of the data-collection sites within the area.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri7897","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Gadsden County and Northwest Florida Water Management District","usgsCitation":"Pascale, C.A., Wagner, J.R., and Sohm, J.E., 1978, Hydrologic, geologic, and water-quality data, Ochlockonee River basin area, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-97, Report: vi, 5l5 p.; 2 Figures: 17.08 x 19.88 inches and 16.87 x 19.90 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7897.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 5l5 p.; 2 Figures: 17.08 x 19.88 inches and 16.87 x 19.90 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,{"id":38702,"text":"pp813Q - 1978 - Summary appraisals of the nation's ground-water resources – Missouri basin region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-14T21:56:38.395429","indexId":"pp813Q","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"813","chapter":"Q","title":"Summary appraisals of the nation's ground-water resources – Missouri basin region","docAbstract":"<p>The Missouri Basin Region lies in the north-central part of the United States and southern Canada. It includes parts of Alberta and Saskatchewan in Canada; parts of Montana, Wyoming, North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota, Iowa, Colorado, Kansas, and Missouri, and all of Nebraska in the United States. The region includes about one-sixth of the contiguous United States and requires large water supplies for irrigation, industrial, public, and rural uses. Climate ranges from semiarid to subhumid. Normal annual precipitation increases generally eastward in the downstream direction, but precipitation is not a dependable source of supply. The Missouri River and its tributaries furnish water to many users, but surface water is often inadequate to meet large demands. Numerous surface reservoirs help to regulate streamflow and provide storage, but they also allow an increase in evapotranspiration, which in some areas exceeds normal precipitation. Ground water occurs in aquifers classified as alluvial deposits of sand and gravel, glacial deposits, dune-sand deposits, basin-fill deposits of sand and gravel, sandstone, siltstone, fractured sandy clay, limestone, and dolomite. Ground water can be developed and managed in an orderly manner provided adequate geologic and hydrologic data are available to determine aquifer characteristics and response to pumping and other hydraulic stresses. These data and determinations are essential to design, testing, and implementation of water management plans.</p>\n<p>Unconsolidated and semiconsolidated aquifers include valley-fill alluvium, areally extensive alluvium, glacial deposits, and basin-fill deposits. The aquifers normally consist of alluvial sand and gravel that contain unconfined ground water that lies near the land surface. Many wells completed in the alluvial aquifers have high yields of good-quality water because most alluvial aquifers are highly transmissive and hydraulically connected to streams. Aquifers in glacial deposits may be difficult to locate and in some areas contain saline water; nevertheless, these aquifers are sources of water supply for many users. Basin-fill aquifers are as much as several thousand feet thick, and many contain large ground-water supplies. Ground-water mining has occurred in semiconsolidated aquifers because of withdrawals from wells.&nbsp;Unconsolidated and semiconsolidated aquifers have potential for conjunctive use with surface water, recycling to reuse available supplies, artificial recharge, and salvage of evapotranspired water.</p>\n<p>Sandstone aquifers lie near the land surface and in structural basins. Interbasin movement of ground water occurs in the Virgelle (Milk River aquifer), Fox Hills-basal Hell Creek, and Dakota aquifers. Sandstone aquifers are less transmissive than unconsolidated and semiconsolidated aquifers in general. Confined sandstone aquifers are common, and flowing wells are obtained in many areas. However, flowing wells may cause large declines in water levels if uncontrolled. Water quality is variable in sandstone aquifers but is adequate for most needs.&nbsp;Sandstone aquifers have potential for artificial recharge, induced interaquifer leakage, conjunctive use with surface water, and mining of ground water.</p>\n<p>Limestone and dolomite aquifers are extensive in the region, but in some areas they lie deep below the land surface. The occurrence of ground water in small pores, fractures, or large caverns causes yields from wells to range widely. Large flows through cavern systems in the aquifers are indicated by large springs in some areas. Water quality is extremely variable and must be considered in any water-development plan.&nbsp;Limestone and dolomite aquifers have potential for development of large water supplies in some areas. The development may be aided by induced recharge and interaquifer leakage.</p>\n<p>Saline ground water occurs throughout the Missouri Basin Region. Dissolved-solids concentration as much as 30,000 milligrams per liter has been measured in aquifers in glacial deposits in Montana. Saline water is common in sandstone aquifers in Wyoming, North Dakota, and South Dakota; maximum reported concentration is 280,000 milligrams per liter in water from the Tensleep Sandstone in Wyoming. Limestone contains saline water in many areas; maximum dissolved-solids concentration is about 350,000 milligrams per liter for the Madison Group in the Williston Basin in North Dakota.</p>\n<p>Comprehensive water-management planning in the Missouri Basin Region will require periodic or continuing inventory of precipitation, streamflow, surface-water storage, and ground water. Water demands for irrigation, industrial, public supply, and rural use are increasing rapidly. Reliance on ground-water supplies is increasing even though in many areas the ground water is still mostly undeveloped. Optimal use of water supplies will require the establishment of realistic goals and carefully conceived water-management plans, each of which will necessarily be based on an adequate baseline of hydrologic data and knowledge of the highly variable hydrologic systems in the region.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/pp813Q","usgsCitation":"Taylor, O., 1978, Summary appraisals of the nation's ground-water resources – Missouri basin region: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 813, Report: v., 41 p.; 3 Plates: 25.50 x 20.32 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp813Q.","productDescription":"Report: v., 41 p.; 3 Plates: 25.50 x 20.32 inches or smaller","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":392897,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_5071.htm"},{"id":123063,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0813q/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":65559,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0813q/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"15.58 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":65558,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0813q/plate-3.pdf","text":"Plate 3","size":"7.46 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 3"},{"id":65557,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0813q/plate-2.pdf","text":"Plate 2","size":"7.25 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 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,{"id":29723,"text":"wri7855 - 1978 - Inflatable straddle packers and associated equipment for hydraulic fracturing and hydrologic testing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T09:50:06","indexId":"wri7855","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-55","title":"Inflatable straddle packers and associated equipment for hydraulic fracturing and hydrologic testing","docAbstract":"<p>Independent aquifer testing is the only way to fully understand the hydrology encountered in boreholes intersecting multiple aquifers. The most feasible method to accomplish the testing of multiple aquifer wells is through the use inflatable packers. The straddle packers and associated equipment herein described arE valuable tools for making isolated aquifer tests as well as conducting hydraulic fracturing experiments. The system, due to design, permits multiple tests in a bore-hole without the necessity of tripping in and out of the hole to redress the packers prior to testing each zone. Electronic pressure transducers, the output of which was fed into strip-chart recorders, were used to monitor the zone being tested, as well as to monitor the zones above and below the packers. This was necessary to ensure that no leaking had occurred around the packers, causing hydraulic continuity between the isolated zones.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri7855","usgsCitation":"Shuter, E., and Pemberton, R.R., 1978, Inflatable straddle packers and associated equipment for hydraulic fracturing and hydrologic testing: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-55, iii, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7855.","productDescription":"iii, 16 p.","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159930,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0055/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":359407,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0055/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f1e4b07f02db5ee828","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shuter, Eugene","contributorId":93890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shuter","given":"Eugene","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pemberton, Robert R.","contributorId":8143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pemberton","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":38699,"text":"pp813L - 1978 - Summary appraisals of the nation's ground-water resources – Tennessee region","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":49320,"text":"ofr77609 - 1977 - Summary appraisals of the Nation's ground-water resources; Tennessee region, including part of Tennessee and adjacent areas","indexId":"ofr77609","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"title":"Summary appraisals of the Nation's ground-water resources; Tennessee region, including part of Tennessee and adjacent areas"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":38699,"text":"pp813L - 1978 - Summary appraisals of the nation's ground-water resources – Tennessee region","indexId":"pp813L","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"chapter":"L","title":"Summary appraisals of the nation's ground-water resources – Tennessee region"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-14T22:10:25.510843","indexId":"pp813L","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"813","chapter":"L","title":"Summary appraisals of the nation's ground-water resources – Tennessee region","docAbstract":"<p>Ground water is an abundant and little-used resource in the Tennessee Region, a 41,000 square mile area dominated by the Tennessee River system and including parts of Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia. One-fifth to one-fourth of the precipitation that falls on the region enters the ground-water reservoirs. During the year approximately the same amount of water leaves the ground-water system, sustaining the dry-weather flow of streams. Recharge for the region is about 22,000 million gallons per day or 0.5 million gallons per day per square mile. The major types of aquifers in the region are unconsolidated material (including sand and regolith), carbonate rocks, and fractured noncarbonate rocks. One or more of these aquifer types occurs in each of the six physiographic subdivisions of the region. The productivity of these aquifers depends on their hydraulic properties and on the distribution of these properties. The unconsolidated sand aquifers are the most homogeneous in composition and most predictable in occurrence. These aquifers commonly yield 200 to 600 gallons per minute per well depending on the thickness of sand penetrated.</p>\n<p>The most difficult aquifers to predict in regard to depth and yield are the carbonate rocks. In these aquifers it is possible to drill dry holes within a few hundred feet of wells capable of producing several thousand gallons per minute. However, with an adequate reconnaissance study to determine the occurrence of ground water and a planned test drilling program, yields of up to 300 gallons per minute per well can be expected in the carbonate aquifers. Potential yields from the fractured noncarbonate aquifers are lower than in the carbonate rocks.</p>\n<p>The chemical and physical properties of ground water in the Tennessee Region are usually within the limits recommended by the Environmental Protection Agency for drinking water, and the ground water in all but some very shallow aquifers tends to be free of pathogenic microorganisms. Saline water is not known to occur in significant quantities in the region.</p>\n<p>In 1970, 173 million gallons per day of ground water were used in the Tennessee Region. This was less than 8 percent of the total quantity of water used in the region and only 0.8 percent of the estimated ground-water recharge. Ground water is used chiefly as a source of water supply for rural areas and small towns. A lesser amount is used by industries and commercial establishments located beyond the limits of municipal water-supply systems. However, there is potential for significantly increased use in order to augment surface-water supplies and to utilize the total water resource more efficiently.</p>\n<p>Hydrologic studies and adequate test drilling would greatly increase the chances of locating large amounts of ground water, especially in the nine-tenths of the Tennessee Region that is underlain by either carbonate rocks or fractured noncarbonate rocks which have highly variable water-bearing properties. Collectively, such studies are useful in developing a concept of the hydrologic system which would permit the development of criteria for selecting well sites in other areas with a similar geological and hydrological setting. Hydrologic studies that include test drilling have been conducted in all parts of the region except the Cumberland Plateau.</p>\n<p>Some of the basic data necessary for hydrologic studies, such as geologic maps, well records, and streamflow records are available throughout the region. However, detailed information on groundwater levels, ground-water quality, and aquifer characteristics are not equally available throughout the region. This type of information cannot be obtained quickly when it is needed; it must be the product of a continuing program of studies designed to evaluate the Tennessee Region's ground-water resource.</p>\n<p>Because of the interdependence of ground water and surface water, water management efforts can be fully effective only if they involve the whole water resource. In the Tennessee Region, surface water is highly controlled, but there is at present no regionwide water-resources management plan that includes ground water.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/pp813L","usgsCitation":"Zurawski, A., 1978, Summary appraisals of the nation's ground-water resources – Tennessee region: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 813, iv., 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp813L.","productDescription":"iv., 35 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":392908,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_5067.htm"},{"id":65553,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0813l/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.82 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,{"id":25123,"text":"cir776C - 1978 - Climate variation and its effects on our land and water : Part C, Geological Survey climate plan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:15","indexId":"cir776C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"776","chapter":"C","title":"Climate variation and its effects on our land and water : Part C, Geological Survey climate plan","docAbstract":"To better coordinate information being generated by the U.S. Geological Survey, a workshop was convened near Denver, Colo., on December 7-9, 1976, to exchange ideas about research that is oriented toward climate, climate variation, and the effects of climate on the Nation 's land and water resources. This is the first circular of a three-part report resulting from that workshop. Hydrologic records provide information to the earth scientist about the responses of ground water, surface water, and glaciers to climatic change; geologic sequences provide evidence of earth-surface water, and glaciers to climatic change; geologic sequences provide evidence of earth-surface responses to climatic change; biological records yield information about the effects of climatic change on the Earth 's biota; archeological records tell us where and how man was able to live under changing climatic conditions; and historical records allow the specific effects of short-term changes in climate to be accurately documented. The interrelation between present and past geologic environments, various methods of study , and the span of time over which the results can be applied are shown in a table. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey ;distributed by Branch of Distribution, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir776C","usgsCitation":"Howard, K.A., and Smith, G.I., 1978, Climate variation and its effects on our land and water : Part C, Geological Survey climate plan: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 776, 3 v. :ill., maps ;26 cm. --, https://doi.org/10.3133/cir776C.","productDescription":"3 v. :ill., maps ;26 cm. --","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123795,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1978/0776c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54103,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1978/0776c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de1d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howard, Keith A. 0000-0002-6462-2947 khoward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6462-2947","contributorId":3439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Keith","email":"khoward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":193253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, George I.","contributorId":92637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":193254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":24982,"text":"pp1100 - 1978 - Geological Survey research 1978","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-07T19:14:26.272055","indexId":"pp1100","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1100","title":"Geological Survey research 1978","docAbstract":"This U.S. Geological Survey activities report includes a summary of 1978 fiscal year scientific and economic results accompanied by a list of geologic and hydrologic investigations in progress and a report on the status of topographic mapping. The summary of results includes: (1) Mineral and water resources, (2) Engineering geology and hydrology, (3) Regional geology, (4) Principles and processes, (5) Laboratory and field methods, (6) Topographic surveys and mapping, (7) Management of resources on public lands, (8) Land information and analysis, and (9) Investigations in other countries. Also included are lists of cooperating agencies and Geological Survey offices. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1100","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1978, Geological Survey research 1978: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1100, ix, 464 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1100.","productDescription":"ix, 464 p.","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":403869,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_92982.htm","text":"K-Ar dating of the Albian","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":53967,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1100/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123418,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1100/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":465792,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_92983.htm","text":"Lower-Middle Ordovician boundary in south-central Appalachian basin; conformity and unconformity; the Beekmantown Group \"updated\"","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":465793,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_92984.htm","text":"Stratigraphic relations in the Whitsett Formation in south Texas","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":465794,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_92985.htm","text":"Revision of Naches Formation","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adee4b07f02db6876a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":529143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":39570,"text":"pp712D - 1978 - Hydrologic processes and radionuclide distribution in a cavity and chimney produced by the Cannikin nuclear explosion, Amchitka Island, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-15T20:26:16.195733","indexId":"pp712D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"712","chapter":"D","title":"Hydrologic processes and radionuclide distribution in a cavity and chimney produced by the Cannikin nuclear explosion, Amchitka Island, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp712D","usgsCitation":"Claassen, H., 1978, Hydrologic processes and radionuclide distribution in a cavity and chimney produced by the Cannikin nuclear explosion, Amchitka Island, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 712, Report: 27 p.; 1 Plate: 34.50 x 22.50 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp712D.","productDescription":"Report: 27 p.; 1 Plate: 34.50 x 22.50 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":484616,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_113900.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":67152,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0712d/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":67151,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0712d/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122231,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0712d/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Amchitka Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              179.25275267331563,\n              51.33956315534962\n            ],\n            [\n              179.49112175917583,\n              51.36223420066128\n            ],\n            [\n              179.39553212575987,\n              51.421126430176\n            ],\n            [\n              178.84982421853886,\n              51.64392567497552\n            ],\n            [\n              178.6150851187565,\n              51.677701728838\n            ],\n            [\n              178.59814518372121,\n              51.63266139516509\n            ],\n            [\n              178.76996452479904,\n              51.5620081900241\n            ],\n            [\n              179.2261327754033,\n              51.341074907368835\n            ],\n            [\n              179.25275267331563,\n              51.33956315534962\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db6056d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Claassen, H.C.","contributorId":74028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Claassen","given":"H.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":39588,"text":"pp813J - 1978 - Summary appraisals of the nation's ground-water resources – Great Lakes region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-14T21:28:12.000689","indexId":"pp813J","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"813","chapter":"J","title":"Summary appraisals of the nation's ground-water resources – Great Lakes region","docAbstract":"<p>The Great Lakes Regions, as a whole, has abundant supplies of water. Nearly 805,000 billion cubic feet of water is contained in the Great Lakes. An additional 35,000 billion cubic feet of potable ground water is available from storage in the region. Estimated ground-water discharge to the streams and lakes of the region is 26 billion gallons per day.</p>\n<p>Despite this abundance of water, the United States part of the Great Lakes basin is faced with many water-related problems, most of which involve water quality and water supply. Other problems concern periods of low flow in streams, preservation of wetlands, detrimental effects of erosion, and flooding. The significance of ground water in these problems is often overlooked.</p>\n<p>Ground water can be an alternative to surface water as a source of supply, or it can be used conjunctively with surface water to provide flexibility in water-supply management. Ground water supplied approximately 1,800 million gallons per day of the 39,900 million gallons. per day used in the Great Lakes Region in 1970. The ground-water contribution was only 4.5 percent of the water used. Thus, ground water represents a potential source of supply for much of the region. It also can be used, where conditions permit, to maintain lake levels and flow in streams, to dilute poor quality surface water, and to maintain or create wetlands and ponds.</p>\n<p>In managing water resources, ground water and surface water should be considered parts of a single system. Management includes not only planning and controlling the development but also monitoring the effects of this development. Recent advances in ground-water hydrology have provided methods to resolve some of the development and management questions that formerly slowed the development of ground water.</p>\n<p>All of the States in the Great Lakes Region have some regulations to control the development or protect the quality of the ground water. These regulations, however, are not as comprehensive as those governing surface water. Future legislation could be designed to encourage the development of ground water and, at the same time, to protect the resource.</p>\n<p>Efficient development and management of ground-water resources requires a through knowledge of the system. Reports on ground water are available for about 80 percent of tbe Great Lakes Region. Most of these reports, however, are not sufficiently detailed to be useful in comprehensive planning. As ground-water development continues, quantitative groundwater studies, utilizing models as predictive tools, will enable&nbsp;this development to proceed in an efficient manner.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/pp813J","usgsCitation":"Weist, W.G., 1978, Summary appraisals of the nation's ground-water resources – Great Lakes region: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 813, vi., 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp813J.","productDescription":"vi., 30 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":392891,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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