Acknowledging that there are large gaps in the knowledge of the geology of Alaska, the following threefold subdivision of Alaska into Paleozoic tectonic elements is proposed: Southern Alaska--the Alaska Range and farther south--is the northern end of the Paleozoic Cordilleran geosyncline that rims the eastern Pacific. Northern Alaska--the northeastern Brooks Range and the Arctic Coastal Plain--is underlain by a pre-Upper Devonian fold belt that may continue around the rim of the Canada Basin into the Franklinian geosyncline of the Canadian Arctic Islands. East-central Alaska, with a thinner, mainly carbonate rock section, seems to be a western extension of the Yukon shelf that separates the circum-Arctic geosynclinal trend from the Cordilleran geosyncline along the Pacific margin of southern Alaska.
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Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:13","indexId":"ofr7066","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"70-66","title":"Analyses of rock and stream-sediment samples from the Craig B-4 quadrangle, Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr7066","usgsCitation":"Clark, A.L., Berg, H.C., Grybeck, D., Ovenshine, A., and Wehr, R., 1970, Analyses of rock and stream-sediment samples from the Craig B-4 quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 70-66, 98 p. :map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7066.","productDescription":"98 p. :map ;28 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C.","contributorId":36130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berg","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grybeck, D.A.","contributorId":42595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grybeck","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ovenshine, A.T.","contributorId":80268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ovenshine","given":"A.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wehr, Raymond","contributorId":13241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wehr","given":"Raymond","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":17361,"text":"ofr70148 - 1970 - Mineral resources of parts of the Departments of Antioquia and Caldas, Zone II, Colombia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:26","indexId":"ofr70148","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"70-148","title":"Mineral resources of parts of the Departments of Antioquia and Caldas, Zone II, Colombia","docAbstract":"The mineral resources of an area of 40,000 sq km, principally in the Department of Antioquia, but including small parts of the Departments of Caldas, C6rdoba, Risaralda, and Tolima, were investigated during the period 1964-68. The area is designated Zone II by the Colombian Inventario Minero Nacional(lMN). The geology of approximately 45 percent of this area, or 18,000 sq km, has been mapped by IMN. \r\n\r\nZone II has been a gold producer for centuries, and still produces 75 percent of Colombia's gold. Silver is recovered as a byproduct. Ferruginous laterites have been investigated as potential sources of iron ore but are not commercially exploitable. Nickeliferous laterite on serpentinite near Ure in the extreme northwest corner of the Zone is potentially exploitable, although less promising than similar laterites at Cerro Matoso, north of the Zone boundary. Known deposits of mercury, chromium, manganese, and copper are small and have limited economic potentia1. \r\n\r\nCement raw materials are important among nonmetallic resources, and four companies are engaged in the manufacture of portland cement. The eastern half of Zone II contains large carbonate rock reserves, but poor accessibility is a handicap to greater development at present. Dolomite near Amalfi is quarried for the glass-making and other industries. Clay saprolite is abundant and widely used in making brick and tiles in backyard kilns. Kaolin of good quality near La Union is used by the ceramic industry. Subbituminous coal beds of Tertiary are an important resource in the western part of the zone and have good potential for greater development. Aggregate materials for construction are varied and abundant. Deposits of sodic feldspar, talc, decorative stone, and silica are exploited on a small scale. Chrysotils asbestos deposits north of Campamento are being developed to supply fiber for Colombia's thriving asbestos-cement industry, which is presently dependent upon imported fiber. Wollastonite and andalusite are potential resources not exploitable now.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr70148","usgsCitation":"Hall, R., Feininger, T., Barrero, L., Dario, R.H., Hector, and Alvarez, A., 1970, Mineral resources of parts of the Departments of Antioquia and Caldas, Zone II, Colombia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 70-148, 164 p. ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr70148.","productDescription":"164 p. ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":150820,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0148/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":46492,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0148/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":46493,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0148/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":46494,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0148/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":46495,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0148/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":46496,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0148/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":46497,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0148/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b08e4b07f02db69b382","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hall, R.B.","contributorId":17214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Feininger, Tomas","contributorId":97905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feininger","given":"Tomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barrero, L.","contributorId":49653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrero","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dario, Rico H.","contributorId":82971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dario","given":"Rico","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hector","contributorId":128122,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Hector","id":529014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Alvarez, A.","contributorId":104338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alvarez","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":18486,"text":"ofr7077 - 1970 - Metallic mineral resources map of the Talkeetna quadrangle, Alaska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":18486,"text":"ofr7077 - 1970 - Metallic mineral resources map of the Talkeetna quadrangle, Alaska","indexId":"ofr7077","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"title":"Metallic mineral resources map of the Talkeetna quadrangle, Alaska"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":59157,"text":"mf369 - 1972 - Metallic mineral resources map of the Talkeetna Quadrangle, Alaska","indexId":"mf369","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"title":"Metallic mineral resources map of the Talkeetna Quadrangle, Alaska"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":59157,"text":"mf369 - 1972 - Metallic mineral resources map of the Talkeetna Quadrangle, Alaska","indexId":"mf369","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"title":"Metallic mineral resources map of the Talkeetna Quadrangle, Alaska"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:32","indexId":"ofr7077","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"70-77","title":"Metallic mineral resources map of the Talkeetna quadrangle, Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr7077","usgsCitation":"Clark, A.L., and Cobb, E.H., 1970, Metallic mineral resources map of the Talkeetna quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 70-77, 6 p. :2 maps ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7077.","productDescription":"6 p. :2 maps ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151432,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"250000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4fe4b07f02db62856a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Allen L.","contributorId":96258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Allen","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cobb, Edward Huntington","contributorId":25916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cobb","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"Huntington","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":16527,"text":"ofr70366 - 1970 - Reconnaissance geologic mapping in Liberia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:16","indexId":"ofr70366","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"70-366","title":"Reconnaissance geologic mapping in Liberia","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/ofr70366","usgsCitation":"White, R.W., 1970, Reconnaissance geologic mapping in Liberia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 70-366, 47 p. ill., maps ;27 cm.; 4 figs., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr70366.","productDescription":"47 p. ill., maps ;27 cm.; 4 figs.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":150225,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a70e4b07f02db6410fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Richard William","contributorId":8871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":18084,"text":"ofr7019 - 1970 - Results of analyses for shale oil in the Phosphoria Formation of southwestern Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:14","indexId":"ofr7019","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"70-19","title":"Results of analyses for shale oil in the Phosphoria Formation of southwestern Montana","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr7019","usgsCitation":"Bateman, A.F., 1970, Results of analyses for shale oil in the Phosphoria Formation of southwestern Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 70-19, 5 p. :map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7019.","productDescription":"5 p. :map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":149329,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0019/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":47437,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0019/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":47438,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0019/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624a2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bateman, Andrew F. Jr.","contributorId":46916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bateman","given":"Andrew","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":17383,"text":"ofr70359 - 1970 - Mineral resources of the southern half of Zone III Santander, Norte de Santander and Boyaca, Colombia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:23","indexId":"ofr70359","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"70-359","title":"Mineral resources of the southern half of Zone III Santander, Norte de Santander and Boyaca, Colombia","docAbstract":"The areas covered by this report lies in the eastern Cordillera of the Colombian Andes in the region around Bucaramanga. This part of the eastern Cordillera consists of a structurally complex core of metamorphic and igneous rocks of Precambrian to Mesozoic age, flanked to east and west by faulted and folded sedimentary strata of late Paleozoic to Tertiary age. Infaulted blocks of sedimentary rocks are locally present in the massif. Unconsolidated deposits of Quaternary age, primarily terraced alluvium, are 10cally extensive in valleys on the flanks of the range. The crystalline central core of the range is called the Santander massif. In it are located the principal sold deposits and scattered deposits of copper, lead, zinc, and fluorite. The sedimentary rocks flanking the massif contain significant deposits of phosphate rock and gypsum, as well as other nonmetallic industrial minerals such as limestone, barite, glass sand, and coal. A belt of lead-zinc prospects in carbonate and sandstone beds of Cretaceous age on the east side of the range warrants further investigation. \r\n\r\nGold and silver are the only important metallic minerals that have been produced in the Santander massif. Mining dates back to colonial and possibly to pre-colonial times and continues on a small scale at present. The California and Vetas district was the main area of investigation of metallic minerals during the present project. Results of geochemical sampling of stream sediments and assays of vein material indicate that the main potential of the area is in gold with lesser potentials in copper, lead, zinc, and silver. Mineralization of the district is probably younger than Early Cretaceous. \r\n\r\nAlthough no copper minerals have been mined elsewhere in the massif, small amounts of copper minerals in various rocks in scattered areas is revealed by green and blue stains of copper carbonates and sulfates. Deposits of greatest areal extent are in arkosic conglomeratic beds of the Giron Formation. These are being explored and sampled at the present time (1969). A little lead has been mined and smelted in the past but operations were on a very small scale and of short duration. Small amounts of lead, zinc, and copper minerals accompany dolomite replacement of Cretaceous limestone in a few scattered places, and several promising prospects are being investigated by means of trenches and drilling. One magnetite and several hematite prospects were examined but none offers any potential for economic development.\r\n\r\nThick beds of gypsum in Lower Cretaceous limestone on Mesa de Los Santos, south of Bucaramanga are being quarried from outcrops for use in cement manufacture. The deposit was discovered shortly before the present project began, and although its extent beneath overlying strata is not yet determined by drilling, it appears to be in a small evaporite basin of about three kilometers in radius. Reserves of gypsum are large, but future development will have to be by underground mining. \r\n\r\nOutcrops of Cretaceous limestone of high purity are widespread and are more than adequate to meet all demands, which at present are for cement and calcined lime, road construction material, and to a small extent for agricultural lime and polished decorative stone. Upper Paleozoic limestone of the Diamante Formation crops out in a few places; it has been used near Bucaramanga for cement manufacture. \r\n\r\nMarble is present in several localities of the Santander massif in Lower Paleozoic and Devonian rocks. Impurities, fractures, and solution cavities render most of it unsuitable for decorative purposes, but selected parts are used in floor tile and terrazo. Recrystallized limestone of the Diamante Formation in the same area, usually referred to as marble, is of uniform high purity throughout a thick and uninterrupted section, and offers a good source of limestone raw material. A little is now used for agricultural lime. The potential of this resource has not been fully evalua","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr70359","usgsCitation":"Ward, D.E., Goldsmith, R., Cruz, B.B., Restrepo, J., and Hernan, A., 1970, Mineral resources of the southern half of Zone III Santander, Norte de Santander and Boyaca, Colombia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 70-359, 114 p. ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr70359.","productDescription":"114 p. ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151185,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0359/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":46507,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0359/plate-01.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":46508,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0359/plate-02.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":46509,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0359/plate-03.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":46510,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0359/plate-04.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":46511,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0359/plate-05.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":46512,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0359/plate-06.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":46513,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0359/plate-07.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":46514,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0359/plate-08.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":46515,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0359/plate-09.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":46516,"rank":409,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0359/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":46517,"rank":410,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0359/plate-11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":46518,"rank":411,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0359/plate-12.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":46519,"rank":412,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0359/plate-13.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":46520,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0359/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699f9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ward, Dwight Edward","contributorId":50499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"Dwight","email":"","middleInitial":"Edward","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldsmith, Richard","contributorId":33283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldsmith","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cruz, Bruna B.","contributorId":97129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cruz","given":"Bruna","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Restrepo, Jaime","contributorId":69175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Restrepo","given":"Jaime","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hernan, A.","contributorId":38591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hernan","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":16532,"text":"ofr70367 - 1970 - A mineral reconnaissance of the Jabal Sahah quadrangle, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:16","indexId":"ofr70367","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"70-367","title":"A mineral reconnaissance of the Jabal Sahah quadrangle, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","docAbstract":"A mineral reconnaissance of the Jabal Sahah quadrangle, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, showed the presence of the anomalous elements silver, beryllium, molybdenum, niobium, tin, and tungsten and of anomalous amounts of chromium, nickel, lead, titanium, and vanadium. All anomalies are low except one for tin and one for tungsten in the granitic plug west of Jabal Sahah. Debris from this small plug contains as much as 1,000 ppm (parts per million) tin in wadi sand, and a concentrate from the sand contains as much as 40 ppm molybdenum and 1,000 ppm tungsten. The area of this small plug and the metamorphic rock around the plug should be studied in detail to learn distribution and value of tin, tungsten, niobium, and molybdenum in the rocks. Alkalic granite at Jabal Sahah contains beryllium,-molybdenum, tin, niobium, tungsten, and a low anomaly of lead.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/ofr70367","usgsCitation":"Whitlow, J.W., 1970, A mineral reconnaissance of the Jabal Sahah quadrangle, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 70-367, 16 p. ill., folded map ;29 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr70367.","productDescription":"16 p. ill., folded map ;29 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":150374,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0367/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":45516,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0367/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45517,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0367/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6adfca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whitlow, Jesse William","contributorId":18366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitlow","given":"Jesse","email":"","middleInitial":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":17545,"text":"ofr70178 - 1970 - Preliminary map of bedrock surface under parts of Boston, Cambridge, and Brookline, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-28T21:19:21.614334","indexId":"ofr70178","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"70-178","title":"Preliminary map of bedrock surface under parts of Boston, Cambridge, and Brookline, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr70178","usgsCitation":"Kaye, C., 1970, Preliminary map of bedrock surface under parts of Boston, Cambridge, and Brookline, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 70-178, Report: ii, 8 p.; 1 Plate: 55.00 x 41.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr70178.","productDescription":"Report: ii, 8 p.; 1 Plate: 55.00 x 41.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":493060,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_8481.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":46714,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0178/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":149485,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0178/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":95402,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0178/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","city":"Boston, Brookline, Cambridge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.042,\n 42.375\n ],\n [\n -71.121,\n 42.375\n ],\n [\n -71.121,\n 42.326\n ],\n [\n -71.042,\n 42.326\n ],\n [\n -71.042,\n 42.375\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d897","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kaye, Clifford A.","contributorId":17624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaye","given":"Clifford A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":15939,"text":"ofr70300 - 1970 - Ore deposits in rocks of Paleozoic and Tertiary age of the northern Black Hills, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-29T16:30:22.484052","indexId":"ofr70300","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"70-300","title":"Ore deposits in rocks of Paleozoic and Tertiary age of the northern Black Hills, South Dakota","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr70300","usgsCitation":"Shapiro, L.H., and Gries, J.P., 1970, Ore deposits in rocks of Paleozoic and Tertiary age of the northern Black Hills, South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 70-300, Report: vii, 235 p.; 18 Plates: 58.00 x 37.00 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr70300.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 235 p.; 18 Plates: 58.00 x 37.00 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":493117,"rank":21,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_8511.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":44901,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0300/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":148694,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0300/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":95355,"rank":16,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0300/plate-14.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95354,"rank":15,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0300/plate-13.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95353,"rank":14,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0300/plate-12.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95352,"rank":13,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0300/plate-11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95351,"rank":12,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0300/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95350,"rank":11,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0300/plate-09.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95349,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0300/plate-08.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95348,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0300/plate-07.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95347,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0300/plate-06.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95346,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0300/plate-05.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95345,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0300/plate-04.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95344,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0300/plate-03.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95343,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0300/plate-02.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95342,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0300/plate-01.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95359,"rank":20,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0300/plate-18.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95358,"rank":19,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0300/plate-17.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95357,"rank":18,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0300/plate-16.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95356,"rank":17,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0300/plate-15.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"northern Black Hills","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -103.589,\n 44.423\n ],\n [\n -103.882,\n 44.423\n ],\n [\n -103.882,\n 44.3\n ],\n [\n -103.589,\n 44.3\n ],\n [\n -103.589,\n 44.423\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aeee4b07f02db69128f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shapiro, Lewis H.","contributorId":24794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"Lewis","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gries, John Paul","contributorId":39394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gries","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":16590,"text":"ofr70369 - 1970 - Analyses of bedrock and stream-sediment samples from the Haines-Porcupine region, southeastern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-24T14:52:49.64494","indexId":"ofr70369","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"70-369","title":"Analyses of bedrock and stream-sediment samples from the Haines-Porcupine region, southeastern Alaska","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr70369","usgsCitation":"Winkler, G., and MacKevett, E., 1970, Analyses of bedrock and stream-sediment samples from the Haines-Porcupine region, southeastern Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 70-369, Report: 91 p.; 1 Plate: 29.75 × 32.94 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr70369.","productDescription":"Report: 91 p.; 1 Plate: 29.75 × 32.94 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":106486,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_8532.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"8532"},{"id":45596,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0369/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45595,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0369/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":148483,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0369/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Haines-Porcupine region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -136.5,\n 58.5670\n ],\n [\n -135.217,\n 58.5670\n ],\n [\n -135.217,\n 59.079\n ],\n [\n -136.5,\n 59.079\n ],\n [\n -136.5,\n 58.5670\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db68380d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winkler, Gary R.","contributorId":75513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winkler","given":"Gary R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"MacKevett, E.M. Jr.","contributorId":58613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacKevett","given":"E.M.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":18204,"text":"ofr7034 - 1970 - Interim report on worldwide historic surface faulting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-08T13:47:37.618507","indexId":"ofr7034","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"70-34","title":"Interim report on worldwide historic surface faulting","docAbstract":"This interim report presents data on and interrelations between the parameters L (length of surface rupture), D (maximum surface displacement), and M (Richter magnitude of associated earthquake) for the main traces of historic surface faults that have been reported in the worldwide literature. Original descriptions of the individual fault-events published in English, French, German, or Spanish were used whenever possible, supplemented by translations of selected passages of reports published in Japanese and Chinese. For some events, original descriptions were not published in these languages and secondary sources were used. Although more than 100 fault-events have been reported in the literature, only those for which reliable data (in the judgement of the present writers) were available on at least two of the three parameters M, L, and D are included in this interim report and listed in table 1. Some fault-events have been omitted because the available reports contained significantly different data for the same event and the writers had insufficient basis for choosing between them.
This report was prepared to permit early release of part of the results of a more comprehensive study of historic surface faulting now under way, and to elicit suggestions and criticisms from users of the report. Comments are especially invited regarding the methods used in designating the fault type and in identifying the main fault.
The more comprehensive report will deal with subsidiary faults as well as main faults, will have detailed citations of the sources of information, and will discuss various additional aspects of faulting. It is anticipated that reliable data on a few more faults will be obtained, and it is hoped that comments from users of this interim report will permit improvement of the comprehensive report. Thus it is expected that the comprehensive report will contain modifications of the present data and will be of larger scope.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr7034","usgsCitation":"Bonilla, M.G., and Buchanan, J.M., 1970, Interim report on worldwide historic surface faulting (Version 1.1): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 70-34, ii, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7034.","productDescription":"ii, 32 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":47569,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0034/report.pdf","text":"Version 1.0","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":150858,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0034/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":375406,"rank":4,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/of1611/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":375405,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/of1611/of1611.pdf","text":"Version 1.1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"edition":"Version 1.1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dbe4b07f02db5e0921","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bonilla, Manuel G.","contributorId":74384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonilla","given":"Manuel","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buchanan, Jane M.","contributorId":32543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchanan","given":"Jane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":16312,"text":"ofr70329 - 1970 - The mineral resources of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Columbia (Zone I)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:05","indexId":"ofr70329","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"70-329","title":"The mineral resources of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Columbia (Zone I)","docAbstract":"The Sierra Nevada de Santa Maria on the north coast of Colombia is an isolated triangular mountain area that reaches altitudes of almost 19,000 feet. The exceedingly complex geology is shown on the 1:200,000 geologic map. Despite five major periods of granitic intrusion, three major periods of metamorphism, and extensive volcanic eruptions, metallic deposits are small and widely scattered. Sulfide deposits of significant economic value appear to be absent. Many small copper deposits, of chalcocite, cuprite, malachite, and azurite are found in epidotized rock in Mesozoic redbeds and intercalated volcanic rocks, but their economic potential is very small. Deposits of other common base metals appear to be absent. The most important metallic deposits may prove to be unusual bimineralic apatite-ilmenite deposits associated with gneissic anorthosite. The known magnetite deposits are too small to be exploited commercially. Primary gold deposits have not been identified and the placer deposits are uneconomic and very small. \r\n\r\nThe largest and most important deposits are nonmetallic. Enormous reserves of limestone are suitable for cement manufacture and some high-purity limestone is suitable for the most exacting chemical uses. Small deposits of talc-tremolite could be exploited locally for ceramic use. The important noncoking bituminous coal deposits in the Cerrej6n area are excluded from this study. Other nonmetallic resources include igneous dimension stone in a variety of colors and textures, and agricultural dolomite. 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