An eight-county area at the headwaters of the Kentucky River has been designated the Kentucky River Area Development District (KRADD) by the Appalachian Regional Commission. The objective of the project described in this report has been to provide materials to KRADD planners in a format and containing terminology usable by local people untrained in earth science.
Experimental maps (not included in this report) have been prepared largely from preexisting data. Time and cost limitations required a regional analysis as well as somewhat more detailed examples of selected localities. Most of the maps produced to meet these needs show the abundance and distribution of naturally occurring materials and the areas affected by various geomorphic processes. Three types of maps, showing current land use, slope, and flood-prone areas, present both basic and derived data directly applicable to specific land-use decisions. Basic map information on quality and quantity of surface and ground water, bedrock and surficial geology, and mineral fuels can be interpreted for a wide variety of current and potential uses. Texts accompanying the maps explain bedrock control of geomorphic processes, distribution and significance of surficial deposits, and hydrologic characteristics of the intricately dissected eastern Kentucky terrain. Within this conceptual framework, geomorphic processes and the landscape may be evaluated in humanly significant terms of low to high potential risk, thereby indicating both opportunities and limitations for land use.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/b1438","usgsCitation":"Newell, W., 1978, Understanding natural systems; a perspective for land-use planning in Appalachian Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1438, iv, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1438.","productDescription":"iv, 50 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":166073,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1438/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":63192,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1438/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.20 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky","county":"Breathift County, Knott County, Lee County, Leslie County, Letcher County, Owsley County, Perry County, Wolfe 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Wayne L.","contributorId":48538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newell","given":"Wayne L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":214471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26729,"text":"wri7828 - 1978 - Hydrologic analysis of the U.S. Bureau of Mines' underground oil-shale research-facility site, Piceance Creek Basin, Rio Blanco County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-12T22:32:57.591045","indexId":"wri7828","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-28","title":"Hydrologic analysis of the U.S. Bureau of Mines' underground oil-shale research-facility site, Piceance Creek Basin, Rio Blanco County, Colorado","docAbstract":"The U.S. Bureau of Mines plans to develop an underground oil-shale research facility near the center of Piceance Creek basin in Colorado. The oil-shale zone, which is to be penetrated by a shaft, is overlain by 1,400 feet of sedimentary rocks, primarily sandstone and marlstone, consisting of two aquifers separated by a confining layer. Three test holes were drilled by the U.S. Bureau of Mines to obtain samples of the oil shale, and to test the hydraulic properties of the two aquifers. The data collected during construction of the test holes were used to update an existing ground-water-flow computer model. The model was used to estimate the maximum amount of water that would have to be pumped to dewater the shaft during its construction. It is estimated that it would be necessary to pump as much as 3,080 gallons per minute to keep the shaft dry. Disposal of waste water and rock are the principal hydrologic problems associated with constructing the shaft. (Woodard-
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri7828","usgsCitation":"Dale, R.H., and Weeks, J., 1978, Hydrologic analysis of the U.S. Bureau of Mines' underground oil-shale research-facility site, Piceance Creek Basin, Rio Blanco County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-28, iv, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7828.","productDescription":"iv, 35 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":411816,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_35240.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":55608,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0028/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122967,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0028/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Rio Blanco County","city":"Piceance Creek basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.333,\n 39.939\n ],\n [\n -108.333,\n 39.906\n ],\n [\n -108.292,\n 39.906\n ],\n [\n -108.292,\n 39.939\n ],\n [\n -108.333,\n 39.939\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a889a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dale, R. H.","contributorId":98711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dale","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weeks, John B.","contributorId":36123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weeks","given":"John B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":36312,"text":"b1458 - 1978 - Bibliography of the geology and hydrology of the Albuquerque greater urban area, Bernalillo and parts of Sandoval, Santa Fe, Socorro, Torrance, and Valencia counties, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:45","indexId":"b1458","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1458","title":"Bibliography of the geology and hydrology of the Albuquerque greater urban area, Bernalillo and parts of Sandoval, Santa Fe, Socorro, Torrance, and Valencia counties, New Mexico","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/b1458","usgsCitation":"Wright, A.F., 1978, Bibliography of the geology and hydrology of the Albuquerque greater urban area, Bernalillo and parts of Sandoval, Santa Fe, Socorro, Torrance, and Valencia counties, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1458, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1458.","productDescription":"31 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":166008,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1458/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":64253,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1458/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627d80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, Ann Finley","contributorId":99196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Ann","email":"","middleInitial":"Finley","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":216117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30195,"text":"wri7796 - 1978 - Preliminary hydrologic budget of the sand-and-gravel aquifer under unstressed conditions: with a section on water-quality monitoring, Pensacola, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-23T11:24:56","indexId":"wri7796","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-96","title":"Preliminary hydrologic budget of the sand-and-gravel aquifer under unstressed conditions: with a section on water-quality monitoring, Pensacola, Florida","docAbstract":"The sand-and-gravel aquifer is the only freshwater aquifer in southern Escambia County, Fla. Problems related to the development of the aquifer include sustained yield, contamination, and saltwater intrusion. A digital model was applied to the sand-and-gravel aquifer in central and southern Escambia County treating the aquifer 's 'main producing zone ' as a discrete, leaky, confined aquifer. Under conditions of no pumping, most values for the final-head matrix agreed with assumed values within 4 feet in the area of principal interest. Discharge per unit land area was 1.04 cubic feet per second per square mile, in close agreement with the base runoff streams maintained by the aquifer. Total natural aquifer discharge within the area of principal interest determined by the model was 159 million gallons per day. The applicability of the present non-unique calibration for predicting the effects of pumping is questionable; a multilayered model may be required. Effluent infiltrating from holding lagoons for spray irrigation at the Scenic Hills Sewage Plant may have affected the quality of local perched ground water in the sand-and-gravel aquifer. Observation wells drilled near areas of heavy pumping around Bayou Chico indicated no saltwater intrusion. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri7796","usgsCitation":"Trapp, H., 1978, Preliminary hydrologic budget of the sand-and-gravel aquifer under unstressed conditions: with a section on water-quality monitoring, Pensacola, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 77-96, iv, 57 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7796.","productDescription":"iv, 57 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":365848,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1977/0096/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159961,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1977/0096/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","city":"Pensacola","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.4072265625,\n 30.306503259848835\n ],\n [\n -87.08862304687499,\n 30.306503259848835\n ],\n [\n -87.08862304687499,\n 30.56226095049944\n ],\n [\n -87.4072265625,\n 30.56226095049944\n ],\n [\n -87.4072265625,\n 30.306503259848835\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abce4b07f02db673397","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trapp, Henry Jr.","contributorId":6034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trapp","given":"Henry","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30193,"text":"wri77131 - 1978 - Geohydrologic data from the Jemez Mountains and vicinity, north-central New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:02","indexId":"wri77131","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-131","title":"Geohydrologic data from the Jemez Mountains and vicinity, north-central New Mexico","docAbstract":"The Jemez Mountains volcanic region, on the west margin of the Rio Grande rift in north-central New Mexico, is the site of studies for power development from geothermal heat. This report summarizes geohydrologic data to provide background information relative to the geothermal exploration and to investigate the usefulness of hydrology in assessment of the geothermal resource. Eleven tables present chemical, temperature, discharge , and other data for springs, wells, and streams. Accompanying figures show locations of the data points and present temperature profiles and geophysical logs for selected wells. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division,","doi":"10.3133/wri77131","usgsCitation":"Trainer, F.W., 1978, Geohydrologic data from the Jemez Mountains and vicinity, north-central New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 77-131, vi, 147 p. :ill., maps ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri77131.","productDescription":"vi, 147 p. :ill., maps ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":113032,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1977/0131/report.pdf","size":"9465","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160503,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1977/0131/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8ee4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trainer, Frank W.","contributorId":103655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trainer","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29963,"text":"wri784 - 1978 - Hydrogeologic factors affecting the availability and quality of ground water in the Temple Terrace area, Hillsborough County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-15T10:12:32","indexId":"wri784","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-4","title":"Hydrogeologic factors affecting the availability and quality of ground water in the Temple Terrace area, Hillsborough County, Florida","docAbstract":"Ground water occurs in two aquifers in the Temple Terrace area of Hillsborough County, Fla. The lower one is the artesian Floridan aquifer; the upper is the water-table aquifer. The Floridan aquifer is a thick sequence of limestone and dolomite layers which include several permeable zones that generally are treated as a single hydrologic unit. The top of the Tampa Limestone is considered to be the top of the Floridan in the Temple Terrace area. The public supply wells of the city tap the Tampa Limestone and the underlying Suwannee Limestone, in the upper part of the Floridan. The general direction of ground-water movement in the Floridan aquifer is from north to south, but within the city the direction of movement is from northeast to southwest. The quantity of water moving southwest through a 1.8 mile section of the aquifer is about 2.7 million gallons per day. Ample supplies of water in a cavernous limestone, considered to be the most productive water-yielding zone in the aquifer, are available for additional development from the Floridan aquifer. Water-quality data are included also. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri784","usgsCitation":"Stewart, J.W., Goetz, C.L., and Mills, L.R., 1978, Hydrogeologic factors affecting the availability and quality of ground water in the Temple Terrace area, Hillsborough County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-4, v, 38 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri784.","productDescription":"v, 38 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":365517,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0004/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160412,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0004/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Hillsborough County","otherGeospatial":"Temple Terrace area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.4081039428711,\n 28.00804237627334\n ],\n [\n -82.36175537109375,\n 28.00804237627334\n ],\n [\n -82.36175537109375,\n 28.067436206631196\n ],\n [\n -82.4081039428711,\n 28.067436206631196\n ],\n [\n -82.4081039428711,\n 28.00804237627334\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4fe4b07f02db62894b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stewart, Joseph William","contributorId":48185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goetz, Carole L.","contributorId":63850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goetz","given":"Carole","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mills, L. R.","contributorId":26281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mills","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":38698,"text":"pp813K - 1978 - Summary appraisals of the nation's ground-water resources – Souris-Red-Rainy region","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":10803,"text":"ofr77565 - 1977 - Summary appraisals of the Nation's ground-water resources; Souris-Red-Rainy region","indexId":"ofr77565","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"title":"Summary appraisals of the Nation's ground-water resources; Souris-Red-Rainy region"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":38698,"text":"pp813K - 1978 - Summary appraisals of the nation's ground-water resources – Souris-Red-Rainy region","indexId":"pp813K","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"chapter":"K","title":"Summary appraisals of the nation's ground-water resources – Souris-Red-Rainy region"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-14T22:08:19.164288","indexId":"pp813K","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"813","chapter":"K","title":"Summary appraisals of the nation's ground-water resources – Souris-Red-Rainy region","docAbstract":"A broad-perspective analysis of the ground-water resources and present and possible future water development and management in the Souris-Red-Rainy Region is presented. The region includes the basins of the Souris River within Montana and North Dakota; the Red River of the North in South Dakota, North Dakota, and Minnesota; and the Rainy River within Minnesota. The region includes 59,645 square miles, mostly in North Dakota and Minnesota.
\nThe terrain is relatively flat, but ranges in altitude from 2,541 to 750 feet. Annual average precipitation ranges from 14 inches in the west to 28 inches in the east and about 75 percent of it is rain. The mean annual snowfall ranges from 32 inches in the west to 64 inches in the east. Temperatures range from -55° to 118° F (-48.3° to 47.8° C). Irrigation is needed at least part of the time to assure crop production, particularly in the western part of the region.
\nSand and gravel deposits in the drift form the most important freshwater aquifers. Other aquifers are found in at least parts of the region in the Precambrian, Paleozoic, Cretaceous, and Tertiary rocks. The potentiometric surface in the bedrock aquifers generally decreases in altitude toward the Red River of the North, indicating that the general direction of ground-water movement is toward the river. Ground water with less than 3,000 milligrams per liter dissolved solids is available throughout the region. Ground water with less than 1,000 milligrams per liter occurs in most of the region east of the Red River of the North and in most of the shallow aquifers west of the river. The total volume of water available from storage having less than 3,000 milligrams per liter dissolved solids is estimated to be 5x108 acre-feet. In addition to the fresh and slightly saline water, the region has abundant highly mineralized water that can be considered as a resource. Yields of wells in individual bedrock aquifers are generally less than 100 gallons per minute but locally yields may be as much as 500 gallons per minute and more. Yields in drift aquifers are frequently less than 100 gallons per minute but range from 5 to 1,000 gallons per minute. In a few places outwash yields more than 1,000 gallons per minute.
\nGround water is the sole or a primary source of water supply in much of the region, including supplies for irrigation, domestic and livestock, municipal, and industrial needs. Reportedly, the potential irrigation development is 1,550,000 acres, as compared with 50,200 acres in 1975. Both ground- and surface-water supplies would be required to meet these demands. Rural domestic and livestock water supplies are derived almost entirely from ground-water sources. Smaller communities and towns generally rely on ground water, and the cities and industries use ground water, surface water, or both. The municipalities using surface water generally depend upon reservoir storage. Water quality rather than quantity is the greater water-supply problem for many communities in the region.
\nIncreased demands on both ground-water and surface-water supplies likely will be made in the future. Storage of surface water in the ground-water reservoirs during times of surplus for withdrawal during times of scarcity would aid in meeting these demands. The surplus (flood) water is of better chemical quality than underlying ground water in parts of the western half of the region. Freshwater could be stored in saline- or freshwater aquifers, and pumped out later, as needed. Thus, the ground-water reservoirs have a definite present and potential role in water management.
\nTo understand the hydrologic system for management purposes there is a need to determine more adequately the geologic and hydrologic characteristics of existing aquifers and the location of new aquifers. Also, as pumping and other stresses on any part of the hydrologic system affect other parts of the system, monitoring programs ideally should be started and maintained to detect changes and determine effects of the stresses.
\nMany alternatives are available for managing water in the region. Some of these are operational and others are undergoing research. Adequate hydrologic information is needed to aid in solving problems of water supply, use, and pollution.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/pp813K","usgsCitation":"Reeder, H.O., 1978, Summary appraisals of the nation's ground-water resources – Souris-Red-Rainy region: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 813, vi, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp813K.","productDescription":"vi, 25 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":392905,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_5066.htm"},{"id":122128,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0813k/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":65552,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0813k/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.83 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.40283203124999,\n 49.03786794532644\n ],\n [\n -95.185546875,\n 49.06666839558117\n ],\n [\n -95.1416015625,\n 49.52520834197442\n ],\n [\n -94.74609375,\n 49.32512199104001\n ],\n [\n -94.482421875,\n 48.864714761802794\n ],\n [\n -93.69140625,\n 48.69096039092549\n ],\n [\n -93.0322265625,\n 48.719961222646276\n ],\n [\n -92.28515625,\n 48.516604348867475\n ],\n [\n -91.845703125,\n 48.40003249610685\n ],\n [\n -91.3623046875,\n 48.19538740833338\n ],\n [\n -90.7470703125,\n 48.28319289548349\n ],\n [\n -89.384765625,\n 48.1367666796927\n ],\n [\n -90,\n 47.724544549099676\n ],\n [\n -91.2744140625,\n 47.15984001304432\n ],\n [\n -92.373046875,\n 46.70973594407157\n ],\n [\n -94.5703125,\n 45.73685954736049\n ],\n [\n -95.712890625,\n 45.398449976304086\n ],\n [\n -97.0751953125,\n 45.30580259943578\n ],\n [\n -98.525390625,\n 45.82879925192134\n ],\n [\n -99.5361328125,\n 46.10370875598026\n ],\n [\n -100.81054687499999,\n 46.89023157359399\n ],\n [\n -101.953125,\n 47.07012182383309\n ],\n [\n -103.3154296875,\n 47.54687159892238\n ],\n [\n -104.150390625,\n 47.84265762816538\n ],\n [\n -105.2490234375,\n 48.3416461723746\n ],\n [\n -105.40283203124999,\n 49.03786794532644\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db6996cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reeder, Harold O.","contributorId":14381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeder","given":"Harold","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":38699,"text":"pp813L - 1978 - Summary appraisals of the nation's ground-water resources – Tennessee region","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":49320,"text":"ofr77609 - 1977 - Summary appraisals of the Nation's ground-water resources; Tennessee region, including part of Tennessee and adjacent areas","indexId":"ofr77609","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"title":"Summary appraisals of the Nation's ground-water resources; Tennessee region, including part of Tennessee and adjacent areas"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":38699,"text":"pp813L - 1978 - Summary appraisals of the nation's ground-water resources – Tennessee region","indexId":"pp813L","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"chapter":"L","title":"Summary appraisals of the nation's ground-water resources – Tennessee region"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-14T22:10:25.510843","indexId":"pp813L","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"813","chapter":"L","title":"Summary appraisals of the nation's ground-water resources – Tennessee region","docAbstract":"Ground water is an abundant and little-used resource in the Tennessee Region, a 41,000 square mile area dominated by the Tennessee River system and including parts of Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia. One-fifth to one-fourth of the precipitation that falls on the region enters the ground-water reservoirs. During the year approximately the same amount of water leaves the ground-water system, sustaining the dry-weather flow of streams. Recharge for the region is about 22,000 million gallons per day or 0.5 million gallons per day per square mile. The major types of aquifers in the region are unconsolidated material (including sand and regolith), carbonate rocks, and fractured noncarbonate rocks. One or more of these aquifer types occurs in each of the six physiographic subdivisions of the region. The productivity of these aquifers depends on their hydraulic properties and on the distribution of these properties. The unconsolidated sand aquifers are the most homogeneous in composition and most predictable in occurrence. These aquifers commonly yield 200 to 600 gallons per minute per well depending on the thickness of sand penetrated.
\nThe most difficult aquifers to predict in regard to depth and yield are the carbonate rocks. In these aquifers it is possible to drill dry holes within a few hundred feet of wells capable of producing several thousand gallons per minute. However, with an adequate reconnaissance study to determine the occurrence of ground water and a planned test drilling program, yields of up to 300 gallons per minute per well can be expected in the carbonate aquifers. Potential yields from the fractured noncarbonate aquifers are lower than in the carbonate rocks.
\nThe chemical and physical properties of ground water in the Tennessee Region are usually within the limits recommended by the Environmental Protection Agency for drinking water, and the ground water in all but some very shallow aquifers tends to be free of pathogenic microorganisms. Saline water is not known to occur in significant quantities in the region.
\nIn 1970, 173 million gallons per day of ground water were used in the Tennessee Region. This was less than 8 percent of the total quantity of water used in the region and only 0.8 percent of the estimated ground-water recharge. Ground water is used chiefly as a source of water supply for rural areas and small towns. A lesser amount is used by industries and commercial establishments located beyond the limits of municipal water-supply systems. However, there is potential for significantly increased use in order to augment surface-water supplies and to utilize the total water resource more efficiently.
\nHydrologic studies and adequate test drilling would greatly increase the chances of locating large amounts of ground water, especially in the nine-tenths of the Tennessee Region that is underlain by either carbonate rocks or fractured noncarbonate rocks which have highly variable water-bearing properties. Collectively, such studies are useful in developing a concept of the hydrologic system which would permit the development of criteria for selecting well sites in other areas with a similar geological and hydrological setting. Hydrologic studies that include test drilling have been conducted in all parts of the region except the Cumberland Plateau.
\nSome of the basic data necessary for hydrologic studies, such as geologic maps, well records, and streamflow records are available throughout the region. However, detailed information on groundwater levels, ground-water quality, and aquifer characteristics are not equally available throughout the region. This type of information cannot be obtained quickly when it is needed; it must be the product of a continuing program of studies designed to evaluate the Tennessee Region's ground-water resource.
\nBecause of the interdependence of ground water and surface water, water management efforts can be fully effective only if they involve the whole water resource. In the Tennessee Region, surface water is highly controlled, but there is at present no regionwide water-resources management plan that includes ground water.
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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db69964c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zurawski, Ann","contributorId":57868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zurawski","given":"Ann","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":38701,"text":"pp813P - 1978 - Summary appraisals of the Nation's ground-water resources; Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-11T18:44:45","indexId":"pp813P","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"813","chapter":"P","title":"Summary appraisals of the Nation's ground-water resources; Alaska","docAbstract":"Alaska has enormous surface-water resources, but many of the streams are frozen for most of the year and most contain glacial silt that makes them unacceptable for human use. These factors lend special significance to ground water as a water-supply source, even though perennially frozen ground (permafrost) profoundly modifies ground-water flow systems in much of Alaska north of the maritime southern coast and southeastern panhandle areas. Frozen ground is a virtually impermeable layer that restricts recharge, discharge, and movement of ground water, acts as a confining layer and limits the volume of unconsolidated deposits and bedrock in which water may be stored.
\nGround water is an untested resource in most of Alaska, but in many areas potential development of ground water far exceeds current use. Alluvium of major river valleys, such as the Yukon, Tanana, Kuskokwim and Susitna Rivers, probably contains the most extensive aquifers in the State. Large amounts of ground water are also stored in glacial outwash aquifers that underlie coastal basins and valleys, such as those at Kenai and Anchorage in the Cook Inlet lowland. Individual wells yielding more than 1,000 gallons per minute have been developed in the Tanana River valley, Cook Inlet lowland, and the coastal valleys at Seward and Juneau. Comparable yields should be possible in other areas that have similar geohydrologic environments. No major aquifers have been identified in glacial and glaciolacustrine deposits of interior valleys or in deltaic deposits. Major bedrock aquifers have been identified only in carbonate rocks of the Brooks Range and on the north side of the Alaska Range. Springs issuing from the carbonate rocks of the Brooks Range have discharges as great as 16,000 gallons per minute.
\nMost ground-water recharge occurs beneath reaches of stream channels that are losing flow to the ground-water system. Most ground-water discharge also takes place along reaches of stream channels. This discharge augments streamflows during summer and maintains low flows during winter when there is no surface-water runoff. On the basis of a streamflow hydrograph separation technique and using the 60 percent flow-duration value as an indicator of ground-water discharge, it is estimated that 25 percent of the total volume of streamflow in Alaska (exclusive of coastal, maritime environments) is contributed by ground-water discharge.
\nThe thawing of frozen ground in the permafrost regions of Alaska causes construction and engineering problems. Disturbance of the ground surface disrupts the natural thermal equilibrium and tends to thaw part of the permafrost. Thawing can cause loss of strength, a decrease in volume, and an increase in erosion potential, particularly if the frozen ground is fine grained and poorly drained.
\nPresent deficiencies in the ground-water information base are obvious limiting factors to ground-water development in Alaska. There is a need to extend the ground-water data-collection network and to pursue special research into the quantitative aspects of ground-water hydrology in cold regions, particularly the continuous permafrost zone.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/pp813P","usgsCitation":"Zenone, C., and Anderson, G.S., 1978, Summary appraisals of the Nation's ground-water resources; Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 813, vi., 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp813P.","productDescription":"vi., 28 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119943,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0813p/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":65555,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0813p/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.84 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": 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51.781435604431195\n ],\n [\n -131.044921875,\n 52.3755991766591\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db6996b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zenone, Chester","contributorId":8094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zenone","given":"Chester","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Gary S.","contributorId":36534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":38702,"text":"pp813Q - 1978 - Summary appraisals of the nation's ground-water resources – Missouri basin region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-14T21:56:38.395429","indexId":"pp813Q","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"813","chapter":"Q","title":"Summary appraisals of the nation's ground-water resources – Missouri basin region","docAbstract":"The Missouri Basin Region lies in the north-central part of the United States and southern Canada. It includes parts of Alberta and Saskatchewan in Canada; parts of Montana, Wyoming, North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota, Iowa, Colorado, Kansas, and Missouri, and all of Nebraska in the United States. The region includes about one-sixth of the contiguous United States and requires large water supplies for irrigation, industrial, public, and rural uses. Climate ranges from semiarid to subhumid. Normal annual precipitation increases generally eastward in the downstream direction, but precipitation is not a dependable source of supply. The Missouri River and its tributaries furnish water to many users, but surface water is often inadequate to meet large demands. Numerous surface reservoirs help to regulate streamflow and provide storage, but they also allow an increase in evapotranspiration, which in some areas exceeds normal precipitation. Ground water occurs in aquifers classified as alluvial deposits of sand and gravel, glacial deposits, dune-sand deposits, basin-fill deposits of sand and gravel, sandstone, siltstone, fractured sandy clay, limestone, and dolomite. Ground water can be developed and managed in an orderly manner provided adequate geologic and hydrologic data are available to determine aquifer characteristics and response to pumping and other hydraulic stresses. These data and determinations are essential to design, testing, and implementation of water management plans.
\nUnconsolidated and semiconsolidated aquifers include valley-fill alluvium, areally extensive alluvium, glacial deposits, and basin-fill deposits. The aquifers normally consist of alluvial sand and gravel that contain unconfined ground water that lies near the land surface. Many wells completed in the alluvial aquifers have high yields of good-quality water because most alluvial aquifers are highly transmissive and hydraulically connected to streams. Aquifers in glacial deposits may be difficult to locate and in some areas contain saline water; nevertheless, these aquifers are sources of water supply for many users. Basin-fill aquifers are as much as several thousand feet thick, and many contain large ground-water supplies. Ground-water mining has occurred in semiconsolidated aquifers because of withdrawals from wells. Unconsolidated and semiconsolidated aquifers have potential for conjunctive use with surface water, recycling to reuse available supplies, artificial recharge, and salvage of evapotranspired water.
\nSandstone aquifers lie near the land surface and in structural basins. Interbasin movement of ground water occurs in the Virgelle (Milk River aquifer), Fox Hills-basal Hell Creek, and Dakota aquifers. Sandstone aquifers are less transmissive than unconsolidated and semiconsolidated aquifers in general. Confined sandstone aquifers are common, and flowing wells are obtained in many areas. However, flowing wells may cause large declines in water levels if uncontrolled. Water quality is variable in sandstone aquifers but is adequate for most needs. Sandstone aquifers have potential for artificial recharge, induced interaquifer leakage, conjunctive use with surface water, and mining of ground water.
\nLimestone and dolomite aquifers are extensive in the region, but in some areas they lie deep below the land surface. The occurrence of ground water in small pores, fractures, or large caverns causes yields from wells to range widely. Large flows through cavern systems in the aquifers are indicated by large springs in some areas. Water quality is extremely variable and must be considered in any water-development plan. Limestone and dolomite aquifers have potential for development of large water supplies in some areas. The development may be aided by induced recharge and interaquifer leakage.
\nSaline ground water occurs throughout the Missouri Basin Region. Dissolved-solids concentration as much as 30,000 milligrams per liter has been measured in aquifers in glacial deposits in Montana. Saline water is common in sandstone aquifers in Wyoming, North Dakota, and South Dakota; maximum reported concentration is 280,000 milligrams per liter in water from the Tensleep Sandstone in Wyoming. Limestone contains saline water in many areas; maximum dissolved-solids concentration is about 350,000 milligrams per liter for the Madison Group in the Williston Basin in North Dakota.
\nComprehensive water-management planning in the Missouri Basin Region will require periodic or continuing inventory of precipitation, streamflow, surface-water storage, and ground water. Water demands for irrigation, industrial, public supply, and rural use are increasing rapidly. Reliance on ground-water supplies is increasing even though in many areas the ground water is still mostly undeveloped. Optimal use of water supplies will require the establishment of realistic goals and carefully conceived water-management plans, each of which will necessarily be based on an adequate baseline of hydrologic data and knowledge of the highly variable hydrologic systems in the region.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/pp813Q","usgsCitation":"Taylor, O., 1978, Summary appraisals of the nation's ground-water resources – Missouri basin region: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 813, Report: v., 41 p.; 3 Plates: 25.50 x 20.32 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp813Q.","productDescription":"Report: v., 41 p.; 3 Plates: 25.50 x 20.32 inches or smaller","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":392897,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_5071.htm"},{"id":123063,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0813q/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":65559,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0813q/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"15.58 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":65558,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0813q/plate-3.pdf","text":"Plate 3","size":"7.46 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 3"},{"id":65557,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0813q/plate-2.pdf","text":"Plate 2","size":"7.25 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 2"},{"id":65556,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0813q/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","size":"7.64 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.99414062499999,\n 49.49667452747045\n ],\n [\n -111.4453125,\n 50.45750402042058\n ],\n [\n -108.896484375,\n 50.3454604086048\n ],\n [\n -104.853515625,\n 50.12057809796008\n ],\n [\n -102.041015625,\n 49.15296965617042\n ],\n [\n -98.96484375,\n 47.635783590864854\n ],\n [\n -97.822265625,\n 46.92025531537451\n ],\n [\n -97.55859375,\n 46.31658418182218\n ],\n [\n -97.3828125,\n 45.583289756006316\n ],\n [\n -96.328125,\n 44.77793589631623\n ],\n [\n -95.537109375,\n 44.02442151965934\n ],\n [\n -94.921875,\n 43.51668853502909\n ],\n [\n -93.603515625,\n 42.42345651793833\n ],\n [\n -92.021484375,\n 40.91351257612758\n ],\n [\n -91.49414062499999,\n 39.027718840211605\n ],\n [\n -91.40625,\n 37.50972584293751\n ],\n [\n -92.63671875,\n 36.87962060502676\n ],\n [\n -94.5703125,\n 37.43997405227057\n ],\n [\n -96.85546875,\n 37.92686760148135\n ],\n [\n -98.7890625,\n 37.92686760148135\n ],\n [\n -103.88671875,\n 38.20365531807149\n ],\n [\n -105.46875,\n 38.134556577054134\n ],\n [\n -107.05078125,\n 39.16414104768742\n ],\n [\n -108.45703125,\n 41.31082388091818\n ],\n [\n -110.21484375,\n 42.87596410238254\n ],\n [\n -111.09374999999999,\n 44.213709909702054\n ],\n [\n -111.4453125,\n 44.653024159812\n ],\n [\n -112.939453125,\n 44.96479793033104\n ],\n [\n -112.939453125,\n 45.460130637921004\n ],\n [\n -113.90625,\n 46.37725420510028\n ],\n [\n -114.169921875,\n 47.69497434186282\n ],\n [\n -113.99414062499999,\n 49.49667452747045\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db69969c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, O. James","contributorId":23958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"O. James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":39570,"text":"pp712D - 1978 - Hydrologic processes and radionuclide distribution in a cavity and chimney produced by the Cannikin nuclear explosion, Amchitka Island, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-15T20:26:16.195733","indexId":"pp712D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"712","chapter":"D","title":"Hydrologic processes and radionuclide distribution in a cavity and chimney produced by the Cannikin nuclear explosion, Amchitka Island, Alaska","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp712D","usgsCitation":"Claassen, H., 1978, Hydrologic processes and radionuclide distribution in a cavity and chimney produced by the Cannikin nuclear explosion, Amchitka Island, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 712, Report: 27 p.; 1 Plate: 34.50 x 22.50 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp712D.","productDescription":"Report: 27 p.; 1 Plate: 34.50 x 22.50 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":484616,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_113900.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":67152,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0712d/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":67151,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0712d/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122231,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0712d/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Amchitka Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 179.25275267331563,\n 51.33956315534962\n ],\n [\n 179.49112175917583,\n 51.36223420066128\n ],\n [\n 179.39553212575987,\n 51.421126430176\n ],\n [\n 178.84982421853886,\n 51.64392567497552\n ],\n [\n 178.6150851187565,\n 51.677701728838\n ],\n [\n 178.59814518372121,\n 51.63266139516509\n ],\n [\n 178.76996452479904,\n 51.5620081900241\n ],\n [\n 179.2261327754033,\n 51.341074907368835\n ],\n [\n 179.25275267331563,\n 51.33956315534962\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db6056d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Claassen, H.C.","contributorId":74028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Claassen","given":"H.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":39588,"text":"pp813J - 1978 - Summary appraisals of the nation's ground-water resources – Great Lakes region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-14T21:28:12.000689","indexId":"pp813J","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"813","chapter":"J","title":"Summary appraisals of the nation's ground-water resources – Great Lakes region","docAbstract":"The Great Lakes Regions, as a whole, has abundant supplies of water. Nearly 805,000 billion cubic feet of water is contained in the Great Lakes. An additional 35,000 billion cubic feet of potable ground water is available from storage in the region. Estimated ground-water discharge to the streams and lakes of the region is 26 billion gallons per day.
\nDespite this abundance of water, the United States part of the Great Lakes basin is faced with many water-related problems, most of which involve water quality and water supply. Other problems concern periods of low flow in streams, preservation of wetlands, detrimental effects of erosion, and flooding. The significance of ground water in these problems is often overlooked.
\nGround water can be an alternative to surface water as a source of supply, or it can be used conjunctively with surface water to provide flexibility in water-supply management. Ground water supplied approximately 1,800 million gallons per day of the 39,900 million gallons. per day used in the Great Lakes Region in 1970. The ground-water contribution was only 4.5 percent of the water used. Thus, ground water represents a potential source of supply for much of the region. It also can be used, where conditions permit, to maintain lake levels and flow in streams, to dilute poor quality surface water, and to maintain or create wetlands and ponds.
\nIn managing water resources, ground water and surface water should be considered parts of a single system. Management includes not only planning and controlling the development but also monitoring the effects of this development. Recent advances in ground-water hydrology have provided methods to resolve some of the development and management questions that formerly slowed the development of ground water.
\nAll of the States in the Great Lakes Region have some regulations to control the development or protect the quality of the ground water. These regulations, however, are not as comprehensive as those governing surface water. Future legislation could be designed to encourage the development of ground water and, at the same time, to protect the resource.
\nEfficient development and management of ground-water resources requires a through knowledge of the system. Reports on ground water are available for about 80 percent of tbe Great Lakes Region. Most of these reports, however, are not sufficiently detailed to be useful in comprehensive planning. As ground-water development continues, quantitative groundwater studies, utilizing models as predictive tools, will enable this development to proceed in an efficient manner.
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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri7887","usgsCitation":"Carswell, W., 1978, Hydrologic data for Soldier Creek Basin, Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-87, iv, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7887.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p.","numberOfPages":"33","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157848,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0087/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":349789,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0087/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","otherGeospatial":"Soldier Creek Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96,\n 39.07144530820888\n ],\n [\n -95.5426025390625,\n 39.07144530820888\n ],\n [\n -95.5426025390625,\n 39.6667\n ],\n [\n -96,\n 39.6667\n ],\n [\n -96,\n 39.07144530820888\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60ec57","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carswell, William J. Jr. carswell@usgs.gov","contributorId":1787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carswell","given":"William J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"carswell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":196516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26436,"text":"wri7889 - 1978 - Hydrologic evaluation of part of central Volusia County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-11T21:30:08.897838","indexId":"wri7889","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-89","title":"Hydrologic evaluation of part of central Volusia County, Florida","docAbstract":"Municipal wells close to the Atlantic Coast cannot be expected to supply the steadily increasing population of Volusia County, Florida, indefinitely without causing saltwater intrusion problems. Therefore, new wells will be drilled away from the coast. The source of water for the planned artesian aquifer well field will be leakage from the water-table aquifer above. A digital model of the leaky aquifer system indicates that long-term yield of about 20 million gallons per day can be expected without the cone of depression dropping low enough to cause saltwater intrusion. Some types of land development could remove potential recharge from the area. Model tests with decreased leakage indicate that a large amount of potential recharge water would have to be removed from the system to effect an appreciable lowering of the cone of depression. Lowering the recharge potential by 20 percent apparently would have little effect on the cone. Lowering the recharge potential by 60 percent would, according to the model, increase the maximum depth of the cone by 27 percent. Land development that would redistribute potential recharge, rather than drain it away from the system, would have little effect on the aquifer beneath the well field.
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