{"pageNumber":"576","pageRowStart":"14375","pageSize":"25","recordCount":69035,"records":[{"id":70057875,"text":"sir20135205 - 2014 - Suspended-sediment concentrations, loads, total suspended solids, turbidity, and particle-size fractions for selected rivers in Minnesota, 2007 through 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-03T11:49:59","indexId":"sir20135205","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-03T11:44:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5205","title":"Suspended-sediment concentrations, loads, total suspended solids, turbidity, and particle-size fractions for selected rivers in Minnesota, 2007 through 2011","docAbstract":"Sediment-laden rivers and streams pose substantial environmental and economic challenges. Excessive sediment transport in rivers causes problems for flood control, soil conservation, irrigation, aquatic health, and navigation, and transports harmful contaminants like organic chemicals and eutrophication-causing nutrients. In Minnesota, more than 5,800 miles of streams are identified as impaired by the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) due to elevated levels of suspended sediment.\n\nThe U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the MPCA, established a sediment monitoring network in 2007 and began systematic sampling of suspended-sediment concentrations (SSC), total suspended solids (TSS), and turbidity in rivers across Minnesota to improve the understanding of fluvial sediment transport relations. Suspended-sediment samples collected from 14 sites from 2007 through 2011 indicated that the Zumbro River at Kellogg in the driftless region of southeast Minnesota had the highest mean SSC of 226 milligrams per liter (mg/L) followed by the Minnesota River at Mankato with a mean SSC of 193 mg/L. During the 2011 spring runoff, the single highest SSC of 1,250 mg/L was measured at the Zumbro River. The lowest mean SSC of 21 mg/L was measured at Rice Creek in the northern Minneapolis- St. Paul metropolitan area.\n\nTotal suspended solids (TSS) have been used as a measure of fluvial sediment by the MPCA since the early 1970s; however, TSS concentrations have been determined to underrepresent the amount of suspended sediment. Because of this, the MPCA was interested in quantifying the differences between SSC and TSS in different parts of the State. Comparisons between concurrently sampled SSC and TSS indicated significant differences at every site, with SSC on average two times larger than TSS concentrations. The largest percent difference between SSC and TSS was measured at the South Branch Buffalo River at Sabin, and the smallest difference was observed at the Des Moines River at Jackson.\n\nRegression analysis indicated that 7 out of 14 sites had poor or no relation between SSC and streamflow. Only two sites, the Knife River and the Wild Rice River at Twin Valley, had strong correlations between SSC and streamflow, with coefficient of determination (R2) values of 0.82 and 0.80, respectively. In contrast, turbidity had moderate to strong relations with SSC at 10 of 14 sites and was superior to streamflow for estimating SSC at all sites. These results indicate that turbidity may be beneficial as a surrogate for SSC in many of Minnesota’s rivers.\n\nSuspended-sediment loads and annual basin yields indicated that the Minnesota River had the largest average annual sediment load of 1.8 million tons per year and the largest mean annual sediment basin yield of 120 tons of sediment per year per square mile. Annual TSS loads were considerably lower than suspended-sediment loads. Overall, the largest suspended-sediment and TSS loads were transported during spring snowmelt runoff, although loads during the fall and summer seasons occasionally exceeded spring runoff at some sites.\n\nThis study provided data from which to characterize suspended sediment across Minnesota’s diverse geographical settings. The data analysis improves understanding of sediment transport relations, provides information for improving sediment budgets, and documents baseline data to aid in understanding the effects of future land use/land cover on water quality. Additionally, the data provides insight from which to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of best management practices at the watershed scale.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135205","issn":"2328-0328","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency","usgsCitation":"Ellison, C.A., Savage, B.E., and Johnson, G.D., 2014, Suspended-sediment concentrations, loads, total suspended solids, turbidity, and particle-size fractions for selected rivers in Minnesota, 2007 through 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5205, vii, 56 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135205.","productDescription":"vii, 56 p.","numberOfPages":"68","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2007-01-01","temporalEnd":"2011-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-044991","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281884,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135205.jpg"},{"id":281882,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5205/"},{"id":281883,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5205/pdf/sir2013-5205.pdf"}],"datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.24,43.5 ], [ -97.24,49.38 ], [ -89.49,49.38 ], [ -89.49,43.5 ], [ -97.24,43.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7626e4b0b2908510ab4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellison, Christopher A. 0000-0002-5886-6654 cellison@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5886-6654","contributorId":4891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellison","given":"Christopher","email":"cellison@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Savage, Brett E. besavage@usgs.gov","contributorId":5188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"Brett","email":"besavage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Gregory D.","contributorId":46349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70055725,"text":"sir20135194 - 2014 - Simulation and validation of larval sucker dispersal and retention through the restored Williamson River Delta and Upper Klamath Lake system, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-03T10:53:34","indexId":"sir20135194","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-03T10:52:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5194","title":"Simulation and validation of larval sucker dispersal and retention through the restored Williamson River Delta and Upper Klamath Lake system, Oregon","docAbstract":"A hydrodynamic model with particle tracking was used to create individual-based simulations to describe larval fish dispersal through the restored Williamson River Delta and into Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon. The model was verified by converting particle ages to larval lengths and comparing these lengths to lengths of larvae in net catches. Correlations of simulated lengths with field data were moderate and suggested a species-specific difference in model performance. Particle trajectories through the delta were affected by wind speed and direction, lake elevation, and shoreline configuration. Once particles entered the lake, transport was a function of current speed and whether behavior enhanced transport (swimming aligned with currents) or countered transport through greater dispersal (faster random swimming). We tested sensitivity to swim speed (higher speeds led to greater dispersal and more retention), shoreline configuration (restoration increased retention relative to pre-restoration conditions), and lake elevation (retention was maximized at an intermediate elevation). The simulations also highlight additional biological questions, such as the extent to which spatially heterogeneous mortality or fish behavior and environmental cues could interact with wind-driven currents and contribute to patterns of dispersal.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135194","issn":"2328-0328","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Wood, T.M., Hendrixson, H.A., Markle, D.F., Erdman, C.S., Burdick, S.M., and Ellsworth, C.M., 2014, Simulation and validation of larval sucker dispersal and retention through the restored Williamson River Delta and Upper Klamath Lake system, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5194, Report: v, 33 p.; Appendix A, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135194.","productDescription":"Report: v, 33 p.; Appendix A","numberOfPages":"41","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-045337","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281864,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5194/section9.html"},{"id":281862,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5194/"},{"id":281863,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5194/pdf/sir2013-5194.pdf"},{"id":281865,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135194.PNG"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Klamath Lake;Williamson River Delta","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.166667,42.166667 ], [ -122.166667,42.583333 ], [ -121.666667,42.583333 ], [ -121.666667,42.166667 ], [ -122.166667,42.166667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd72d5e4b0b290851088ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, Tamara M. 0000-0001-6057-8080 tmwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6057-8080","contributorId":1164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Tamara","email":"tmwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hendrixson, Heather A.","contributorId":43602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hendrixson","given":"Heather","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Markle, Douglas F.","contributorId":14530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markle","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Erdman, Charles S.","contributorId":66102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erdman","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Burdick, Summer M. 0000-0002-3480-5793 sburdick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3480-5793","contributorId":3448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burdick","given":"Summer","email":"sburdick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ellsworth, Craig M.","contributorId":14913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellsworth","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70048917,"text":"ds69CC - 2014 - National Assessment of Oil and Gas Project: geologic assessment of undiscovered gas hydrate resources on the North Slope, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-23T17:45:51.242","indexId":"ds69CC","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-03T10:22:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"69","chapter":"CC","title":"National Assessment of Oil and Gas Project: geologic assessment of undiscovered gas hydrate resources on the North Slope, Alaska","docAbstract":"Scientists with the U.S. Geological Survey have completed the first assessment of the undiscovered, technically recoverable gas hydrate resources beneath the North Slope of Alaska. This assessment indicates the existence of technically recoverable gas hydrate resources—that is, resources that can be discovered, developed, and produced using current technology.\n\nThe approach used in this assessment followed standard geology-based USGS methodologies developed to assess conventional oil and gas resources. In order to use the USGS conventional assessment approach on gas hydrate resources, three-dimensional industry-acquired seismic data were analyzed. The analyses indicated that the gas hydrates on the North Slope occupy limited, discrete volumes of rock bounded by faults and downdip water contacts. This assessment approach also assumes that the resource can be produced by existing conventional technology, on the basis of limited field testing and numerical production models of gas hydrate-bearing reservoirs.\n\nThe area assessed in northern Alaska extends from the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska on the west through the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge on the east and from the Brooks Range northward to the State-Federal offshore boundary (located 3 miles north of the coastline). This area consists mostly of Federal, State, and Native lands covering 55,894 square miles. Using the standard geology-based assessment methodology, the USGS estimated that the total undiscovered technically recoverable natural-gas resources in gas hydrates in northern Alaska range between 25.2 and 157.8 trillion cubic feet, representing 95 percent and 5 percent probabilities of greater than these amounts, respectively, with a mean estimate of 85.4 trillion cubic feet.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds69CC","collaboration":"Available on CD-ROM contact Energy Team CD Distribution","usgsCitation":"USGS AK Gas Hydrate Assessment Team: Collett, T.S., Agena, W.F., Lee, M.W., Lewis, K.A., Zyrianova, M.V., Bird, K.J., Charpentier, R., Cook, T.A., Houseknecht, D.W., Klett, T., and Pollastro, R.M., 2014, National Assessment of Oil and Gas Project: geologic assessment of undiscovered gas hydrate resources on the North Slope, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 69, Report: vii, 101 p.; ReadMe; Executive Summary; CD-ROM .zip, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds69CC.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 101 p.; ReadMe; Executive Summary; CD-ROM .zip","numberOfPages":"111","ipdsId":"IP-039154","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":431363,"rank":9,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9IOB90O","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Limits of the Gas Hydrate stability zone contour lines"},{"id":431362,"rank":8,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P962NZTI","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Total Petroleum Systems"},{"id":431361,"rank":7,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9IQPTP7","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Assessment Units"},{"id":281872,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-cc/CD-ROM/REPORTS/DDS-69-CC.pdf"},{"id":281867,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-cc/"},{"id":281874,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-cc/CD-ROM/REPORTS/DDS-69_CC_EXECUTIVE_SUMMARY.pdf","text":"Executive Summary","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":281875,"rank":5,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-cc/CD-ROM.zip","text":"CD-ROM","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":281873,"rank":6,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-cc/CD-ROM/READ_ME/READ_ME.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":281876,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds69cc.jpg"}],"projection":"Albers Conical Equal area projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"North Slope","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -168.0,68.0 ], [ -168.0,72.0 ], [ -140.0,72.0 ], [ -140.0,68.0 ], [ -168.0,68.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517057e4b05569d805a33d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"USGS AK Gas Hydrate Assessment Team: Collett, Timothy S.","contributorId":25465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"USGS AK Gas Hydrate Assessment Team: Collett","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Agena, Warren F. wagena@usgs.gov","contributorId":3181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Agena","given":"Warren","email":"wagena@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, Myung Woong","contributorId":15114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Myung","email":"","middleInitial":"Woong","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lewis, Kristen A. 0000-0003-4991-3399 klewis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4991-3399","contributorId":4120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"Kristen","email":"klewis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zyrianova, Margarita V. 0000-0002-3669-1320 rita@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3669-1320","contributorId":1203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zyrianova","given":"Margarita","email":"rita@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":485804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bird, Kenneth J. kbird@usgs.gov","contributorId":1015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bird","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbird@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Charpentier, Ronald R. charpentier@usgs.gov","contributorId":934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charpentier","given":"Ronald R.","email":"charpentier@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":485802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Cook, Troy A.","contributorId":52519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"Troy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Houseknecht, David W. 0000-0002-9633-6910 dhouse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9633-6910","contributorId":645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houseknecht","given":"David","email":"dhouse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Klett, Timothy R. 0000-0001-9779-1168 tklett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9779-1168","contributorId":709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klett","given":"Timothy R.","email":"tklett@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":485801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Pollastro, Richard M.","contributorId":25100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollastro","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70058700,"text":"70058700 - 2014 - Variables that affect agricultural chemicals in groundwater in Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-05T10:05:21","indexId":"70058700","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-02T13:20:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variables that affect agricultural chemicals in groundwater in Nebraska","docAbstract":"Agricultural chemicals from nonpoint\nsources in groundwater are present in the major provinces\nof the High Plains aquifer in Nebraska. Nitrate and\ntriazine-herbicide concentrations in groundwater were\nassessed to establish preliminary relations between these\nconstituents and selected hydrogeologic, climatic, and\nland-use variables. Also, macropore flow paths were\nmeasured in an attempt to delineate their contribution\nto non-point source pollution from the study areas.\nWater from 82 wells in six study areas was analyzed\nfor nitrate; water from 57 of the 82 wells was analyzed\nfor triazine herbicides. Twenty-one independent variables\nwere identified that could potentially affect chemical\nconcentrations in groundwater. Data for 9 of 21\nindependent variables suspected of affecting concentrations\nof nitrate and triazine herbicides in groundwater\nwere collected from the well sites. The nine variables\nand their measured ranges were hydraulic gradient,\n0.0006–0.0053; hydraulic conductivity, 1.5–45.4 m\n(5–149 ft) per day; specific discharge, 0.004–0.091 m\n(0.0128–0.2998 ft) per day; depth to water, 0.91–76 m\n(3–250 ft); well depth, 12–168 m (40–550 ft); annual\nprecipitation, 30–100 cm (12.0–39.3 in.); soil permeability,\n1.9–23 cm (0.76–9.0 in.); irrigation-well density,\n0–8 irrigation wells per 2.59 km2 (1 square mile); and\nannual nitrogen fertilizer use, 0–118 kg (0–260 lb) of\nnitrogen per acre. Macropore flow is listed in percent,\naverage per study area based on determinations from\ndye studies. In this instance, macropore flow is used to\nalso entail preferential flow paths. Nitrate concentrations\nranged from 0.1 to 45 mgL−1. Triazine-herbicide concentrations\nwere detected in samples from five of the six\nstudy areas in concentrations ranging from 0.1 to\n2.3 μL−1. Analysis indicated that there were significant\ndifferences in nitrate concentrations (averages-at 95 %\nconfidence level using Kendall Test) among the six\nstudy areas; no significant differences in triazineherbicide\nconcentrations were found. Concentrations\nof nitrate and triazine herbicide were determined (using\ncontingency-table analysis), to be significantly larger in\nmore intensively irrigated areas compared to less intensively\nirrigated areas. Preliminary correlations with the\nindependent variables and nitrate concentrations indicated\nsignificant relations at the 95%confidence level with\nvariables hydraulic conductivity, well depth, and irrigation\nwell density. Correlations with triazine-herbicide\nconcentrations indicated significant relations with hydraulic\nconductivity, specific discharge, well depth, annual\nprecipitation, and irrigation well density, as well as\nnitrate concentrations. Simple multiple-regression technique\nindicated that well depth and density and fertilizer\nuse explained about 51 % of the variation in nitrate\nconcentrations. Specific discharge and well depth explained\nabout 60 % of the variation in triazine-herbicide\nconcentrations. Macropore flow paths and specific discharge\nexplained 84 % of the total variation in triazineherbicide\nconcentrations. The use of trade names in this\nreport is for identification purposes only and does not\nconstitute endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water, Air, and Soil Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11270-013-1862-0","usgsCitation":"Tindall, J.A., and Chen, A., 2014, Variables that affect agricultural chemicals in groundwater in Nebraska: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 255, no. 1862, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-013-1862-0.","productDescription":"18 p.","ipdsId":"IP-051590","costCenters":[{"id":435,"text":"National Research Program - Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281991,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281990,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11270-013-1862-0"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.0535,39.9999 ], [ -104.0535,43.0017 ], [ -95.3083,43.0017 ], [ -95.3083,39.9999 ], [ -104.0535,39.9999 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"255","issue":"1862","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5351706de4b05569d805a439","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tindall, James A. 0000-0002-0940-1586 jtindall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-1586","contributorId":2529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tindall","given":"James","email":"jtindall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chen, Abraham","contributorId":73918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"Abraham","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70126396,"text":"70126396 - 2014 - Evaluation of a combined macrophyte–epiphyte bioassay for assessing nutrient enrichment in the Portneuf River, Idaho, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-11T15:44:36","indexId":"70126396","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-02T10:01:50","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of a combined macrophyte–epiphyte bioassay for assessing nutrient enrichment in the Portneuf River, Idaho, USA","docAbstract":"We describe and evaluate a laboratory bioassay that uses Lemna minor L. and attached epiphytes to characterize the status of ambient and nutrient-enriched water from the Portneuf River, Idaho. Specifically, we measured morphological (number of fronds, longest surface axis, and root length) and population-level (number of plants and dry mass) responses of L. minor and community-level (ash-free dry mass [AFDM] and chlorophyll a [Chl a]) responses of epiphytes to nutrient enrichment. Overall, measures of macrophyte biomass and abundance increased with increasing concentrations of dissolved phosphorus (P) and responded more predictably to nutrient enrichment than morphological measures. Epiphyte AFDM and Chl a were also greatest in P-enriched water; enrichments of N alone produced no measurable epiphytic response. The epiphyte biomass response did not directly mirror macrophyte biomass responses, illustrating the value of a combined macrophyte–epiphyte assay to more fully evaluate nutrient management strategies. Finally, the most P-enriched waters not only supported greater standing stocks of macrophyte and epiphytes but also had significantly higher water column dissolved oxygen and dissolved organic carbon concentrations and a lower pH. Advantages of this macrophyte–epiphyte bioassay over more traditional single-species assays include the use of a more realistic level of biological organization, a relatively short assay schedule (~10 days), and the inclusion of multiple biological response and water-quality measures.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10661-014-3682-0","usgsCitation":"Ray, A.M., Mebane, C.A., Raben, F., Irvine, K.M., and Marcarelli, A.M., 2014, Evaluation of a combined macrophyte–epiphyte bioassay for assessing nutrient enrichment in the Portneuf River, Idaho, USA: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 186, no. 7, p. 4081-4096, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-014-3682-0.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"4081","endPage":"4096","numberOfPages":"16","ipdsId":"IP-052225","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294295,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294260,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/0.1007/s10661-014-3682-0"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Portneuf River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.814585,42.918991 ], [ -112.814585,42.984325 ], [ -112.686526,42.984325 ], [ -112.686526,42.918991 ], [ -112.814585,42.918991 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"186","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5422bb25e4b08312ac7cf028","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ray, Andrew M.","contributorId":35667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ray","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mebane, Christopher A. 0000-0002-9089-0267 cmebane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9089-0267","contributorId":110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mebane","given":"Christopher","email":"cmebane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Raben, Flint","contributorId":58959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raben","given":"Flint","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Irvine, Kathryn M. 0000-0002-6426-940X kirvine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6426-940X","contributorId":2218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irvine","given":"Kathryn","email":"kirvine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Marcarelli, Amy M.","contributorId":81821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marcarelli","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70160693,"text":"70160693 - 2014 - Model distribution of Silver Chub (Macrhybopsis storeriana) in western Lake Erie","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-02T16:32:29","indexId":"70160693","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T17:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":737,"text":"American Midland Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Model distribution of Silver Chub (Macrhybopsis storeriana) in western Lake Erie","docAbstract":"Silver Chub (Macrhybopsis storeriana) was once a common forage fish in Lake Erie but has declined greatly since the 1950s. Identification of optimal and marginal habitats would help conserve and manage this species. We developed neural networks to use broad-scale habitat variables to predict abundance classes of Silver Chub in western Lake Erie, where its largest remaining population exists. Model performance was good, particularly for predicting locations of habitat with the potential to support the highest and lowest abundances of this species. Highest abundances are expected in waters >5 m deep; water depth and distance to coastal habitats were important model features. These models provide initial tools to help conserve this species, but their resolution can be improved with additional data and consideration of other ecological factors.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Notre Dame","publisherLocation":"Notre Dame, IN","doi":"10.1674/0003-0031-171.2.301","collaboration":"Chris Castiglione of USFWS","usgsCitation":"McKenna, J., and Castiglione, C., 2014, Model distribution of Silver Chub (Macrhybopsis storeriana) in western Lake Erie: American Midland Naturalist, v. 171, no. 2, p. 301-310, https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031-171.2.301.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"301","endPage":"310","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-049891","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":313169,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": 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Jr. 0000-0002-1428-7597 jemckenna@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1428-7597","contributorId":627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenna","given":"James E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"jemckenna@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":583576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Castiglione, Chris","contributorId":150899,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Castiglione","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6678,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70129170,"text":"70129170 - 2014 - Assessing effects of native forest restoration on soil moisture dynamics and potential aquifer recharge, Auwahi, Maui","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-27T19:01:31.219486","indexId":"70129170","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T15:30:39","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1447,"text":"Ecohydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing effects of native forest restoration on soil moisture dynamics and potential aquifer recharge, Auwahi, Maui","docAbstract":"Understanding the role of soils in regulating water flow through the unsaturated zone is critical in assessing the influence of vegetation on soil moisture dynamics and aquifer recharge. Because of fire, introduced ungulates and landscape-level invasion of non-native grasses, less than 10% of original dry forest (~730 mm precipitation annually) still exists on leeward Haleakalā, Maui, Hawaiian Islands. Native dry forest restoration at Auwahi has demonstrated the potential for dramatic revegetation, allowing a unique experimental comparison of hydrologic function between tracts of restored forest and adjacent grasslands. We hypothesized that even relatively recent forest restoration can assist in the recovery of impaired hydrologic function, potentially increasing aquifer recharge. To compare restored forest and grassland sites, we experimentally irrigated and measured soil moisture and temperature with subsurface instrumentation at four locations within the reforested area and four within the grassland, each with a 2·5 × 2·5-m plot. Compared with grassland areas, water in reforested sites moved to depth faster with larger magnitude changes in water content. The median first arrival velocity of water was greater by a factor of about 13 in the reforested sites compared with the grassland sites. This rapid transport of water to depths of 1 m or greater suggests increased potential aquifer recharge. Improved characterization of how vegetation and soils influence recharge is crucial for understanding the long-term impacts of forest restoration on aquifer recharge and water resources, especially in moisture-limited regions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/eco.1469","usgsCitation":"Perkins, K., Nimmo, J.R., Medeiros, A.C., Szutu, D.J., and von Allmen, E., 2014, Assessing effects of native forest restoration on soil moisture dynamics and potential aquifer recharge, Auwahi, Maui: Ecohydrology, v. 7, no. 5, p. 1437-1451, https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.1469.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1437","endPage":"1451","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-049281","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295470,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Haleakalā, Maui","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.88476562499997,\n 20.478481600090568\n ],\n [\n -155.7861328125,\n 20.478481600090568\n ],\n [\n -155.7861328125,\n 21.06399706324597\n ],\n [\n -156.88476562499997,\n 21.06399706324597\n ],\n [\n -156.88476562499997,\n 20.478481600090568\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54422f9ce4b0192a5a42f3d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perkins, Kim S. 0000-0001-8349-447X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8349-447X","contributorId":44097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"Kim S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nimmo, John R. 0000-0001-8191-1727 jrnimmo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-1727","contributorId":757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimmo","given":"John","email":"jrnimmo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Medeiros, Arthur C. 0000-0002-8090-8451 amedeiros@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8090-8451","contributorId":2152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Medeiros","given":"Arthur","email":"amedeiros@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Szutu, Daphne J. dszutu@usgs.gov","contributorId":5019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szutu","given":"Daphne","email":"dszutu@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":503504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"von Allmen, Erica","contributorId":47712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"von Allmen","given":"Erica","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70115661,"text":"70115661 - 2014 - Change detection using vegetation indices and multiplatform satellite imagery at multiple temporal and spatial scales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-07T15:19:23","indexId":"70115661","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T15:16:26","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Change detection using vegetation indices and multiplatform satellite imagery at multiple temporal and spatial scales","docAbstract":"This chapter describes emerging methods for using satellite imagery across temporal and spatial scales using a case study approach to illustrate some of the opportunities now available for combining observations across scales. It explores the use of multiplatform sensor systems to characterize ecological change, as exemplified by efforts to scale the effects of a biocontrol insect (the leaf beetle Diorhabda carinulata) on the phenology and water use of Tamarix shrubs (Tamarix ramosissima and related species and hybrids) targeted for removal on western U.S. rivers, from the level of individual leaves to the regional level of measurement. Finally, the chapter summarizes the lessons learned and emphasize the need for ground data to calibrate and validate remote sensing data and the types of errors inherent in scaling point data over wide areas, illustrated with research on evapotranspiration (ET) of Tamarix using a wide range of ground measurement and remote sensing methods.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Scale Issues in Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley and Sons","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1002/9781118801628.ch05","usgsCitation":"Glenn, E.P., Nagler, P.L., and Huete, A.R., 2014, Change detection using vegetation indices and multiplatform satellite imagery at multiple temporal and spatial scales, chap. of Scale Issues in Remote Sensing, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118801628.ch05.","ipdsId":"IP-041959","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289490,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":289489,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118801628.ch05"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53bbc162e4b084059e8bfeb7","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Weng, Qihao","contributorId":112678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weng","given":"Qihao","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509914,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Glenn, Edward P.","contributorId":19289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glenn","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nagler, Pamela L. 0000-0003-0674-103X pnagler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":1398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"Pamela","email":"pnagler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huete, Alfredo R.","contributorId":87291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huete","given":"Alfredo","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70104742,"text":"70104742 - 2014 - Evaluation of analytical techniques to determine AQUI-S® 20E (eugenol) concentrations in water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-18T19:29:40.387295","indexId":"70104742","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T14:47:09","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":853,"text":"Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of analytical techniques to determine AQUI-S® 20E (eugenol) concentrations in water","docAbstract":"There is a critical need in U.S. public aquaculture and fishery management programs for an immediate-release sedative, i.e. a compound that can be safely and effectively used to sedate fish and subsequently, allow for their immediate release. AQUI-S® 20E (10% active ingredient, eugenol; any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government) is being pursued for U.S. approval as an immediate-release sedative. As part of the approval process, data describing animal safety and efficacy are needed. Essential to conducting studies that generate those data, is a method to accurately and precisely determine AQUI-S® 20E concentrations in exposure baths. Spectrophotometric and solid phase extraction (SPE)–high pressure liquid chromatography (LC) methods were developed and evaluated as methods to determine AQUI-S® 20E (eugenol) concentrations in water, methods that could be applied to any situation where eugenol was being evaluated as a fish sedative. The spectrophotometric method was accurate and precise (accuracy, > 87%; precision, < 0.70 %CV) when determining eugenol concentrations in solutions of 50 to 1000 mg/L AQUI-S® 20E made with LC grade water and water with varying pH and hardness. The spectrophotometric method's accuracy was negatively affected when analyzing water containing fish feed. The SPE–LC method was also accurate and precise (accuracy > 86%; precision < 8.9 %CV) when determining eugenol concentrations in solutions of 50 to 1000 mg/L AQUI-S® 20E made with LC grade water and water with varying pH and hardness. The SPE–LC method was influenced to a lesser degree by the presence of fish feed indicating greater specificity for eugenol.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2013.09.033","usgsCitation":"Meinertz, J.R., and Hess, K.R., 2014, Evaluation of analytical techniques to determine AQUI-S® 20E (eugenol) concentrations in water: Aquaculture, v. 418-419, p. 62-66, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2013.09.033.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"62","endPage":"66","numberOfPages":"5","ipdsId":"IP-042622","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287262,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"418-419","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53771748e4b02eab8669ebf6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meinertz, Jeffery R. 0000-0002-8855-2648 jmeinertz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8855-2648","contributorId":2495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meinertz","given":"Jeffery","email":"jmeinertz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hess, Karina R.","contributorId":50792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hess","given":"Karina","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70115114,"text":"70115114 - 2014 - Nitrate fate and transport through current and former depressional wetlands in an agricultural landscape, Choptank Watershed, Maryland, United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-01T14:28:58","indexId":"70115114","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T14:20:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2456,"text":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nitrate fate and transport through current and former depressional wetlands in an agricultural landscape, Choptank Watershed, Maryland, United States","docAbstract":"Understanding local groundwater hydrology and geochemistry is critical for evaluating the effectiveness of wetlands at mitigating agricultural impacts on surface waters. The effectiveness of depressional wetlands at mitigating nitrate (NO3) transport from fertilized row crops, through groundwater, to local streams was examined in the watershed of the upper Choptank River, a tributary of Chesapeake Bay on the Atlantic Coastal Plain. Hydrologic, geochemical, and water quality data were collected from January of 2008 through December of 2009 from surface waters and networks of piezometers installed in and around current or former depressional wetlands of three major types along a gradient of anthropogenic alteration: (1) natural wetlands with native vegetation (i.e., forested); (2) prior-converted croplands, which are former wetlands located in cultivated fields; and (3) hydrologically restored wetlands, including one wetland restoration and one shallow water management area. These data were collected to estimate the orientation of groundwater flow paths and likely interactions of groundwater containing NO3 from agricultural sources with reducing conditions associated with wetlands of different types. Natural wetlands were found to have longer periods of soil saturation and reducing conditions conducive to denitrification compared to the other wetland types studied. Because natural wetlands are typically located in groundwater recharge areas along watershed divides, nitrogen (N) from nearby agriculture was not intercepted. However, these wetlands likely improve water quality in adjacent streams via dilution. Soil and geochemical conditions conducive to denitrification were also present in restored wetlands and prior-converted croplands, and substantial losses of agricultural NO3 were observed in groundwater flowing through these wetland sediments. However, delivery of NO3 from agricultural areas through groundwater to these wetlands resulting in opportunities for denitrification were limited, particularly where reducing conditions did not extend throughout the entire thickness of the surficial aquifer allowing NO3 to pass conservatively beneath a wetland along deeper groundwater flow paths. The complexity of N fate and transport associated with depressional wetlands complicates the understanding of their importance to water quality in adjacent streams. Although depressional wetlands often contribute low NO3 water to local streams, their effectiveness as landscape sinks, for N from adjacent agriculture varies with natural conditions, such as the thickness of the aquifer and the extent of reducing conditions. Measurement of such natural geologic, hydrologic, and geochemical conditions are therefore fundamental to understanding N mitigation in individual wetlands.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Soil and Water Conservation Society","doi":"10.2489/jswc.69.1.1","usgsCitation":"Denver, J.M., Ator, S., Lang, M., Fisher, T., Gustafson, A., Fox, R., Clune, J., and McCarty, G., 2014, Nitrate fate and transport through current and former depressional wetlands in an agricultural landscape, Choptank Watershed, Maryland, United States: Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, v. 69, no. 1, p. 1-16, https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.69.1.1.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"16","numberOfPages":"16","ipdsId":"IP-037456","costCenters":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473180,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.69.1.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":289338,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":289305,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2489/jswc.69.1.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryl","otherGeospatial":"Choptank River;Choptank Watershed","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.3577,38.5417 ], [ -76.3577,39.2014 ], [ -75.5928,39.2014 ], [ -75.5928,38.5417 ], [ -76.3577,38.5417 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"69","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b3d86ae4b07c5f79a7f348","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Denver, J. M.","contributorId":100356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denver","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ator, S.W. 0000-0002-9186-4837","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9186-4837","contributorId":104100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ator","given":"S.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lang, M.W.","contributorId":68221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lang","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fisher, T.R.","contributorId":89060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gustafson, A.B.","contributorId":98221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gustafson","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fox, R.","contributorId":22686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fox","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Clune, J.W.","contributorId":11510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clune","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McCarty, G.W.","contributorId":24533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCarty","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70099125,"text":"70099125 - 2014 - Guidelines for monitoring and adaptively managing restoration of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and steelhead (O. mykiss) on the Elwha River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-30T09:14:25","indexId":"70099125","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T14:17:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Guidelines for monitoring and adaptively managing restoration of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and steelhead (O. mykiss) on the Elwha River","docAbstract":"As of January, 2014, the removal of the Elwha and Glines Canyon dams on the Elwha River, Washington, represents the largest dam decommissioning to date in the United States. Dam removal is the single largest step in meeting the goals of the Elwha River Ecosystem and Fisheries Restoration Act of 1992 (The Elwha Act) — full restoration of the Elwha River ecosystem and its native anadromous fisheries (Section 3(a)). However, there is uncertainty about project outcomes with regards to salmon populations, as well as what the ‘best’ management strategy is to fully restore each salmon stock. This uncertainty is due to the magnitude of the action, the large volumes of sediment expected to be released during dam removal, and the duration of the sediment impact period following dam removal. Our task is further complicated by the depleted state of the native salmonid populations remaining in the Elwha, including four federally listed species. This situation lends itself to a monitoring and adaptive management approach to resource management, which allows for flexibility in decision-making processes in the face of uncertain outcomes.
\n
\nThe Elwha Monitoring and Adaptive Management (EMAM) guidelines presented in this document provide a framework for developing goals that define project success and for monitoring project implementation and responses, focused upon two federally listed salmon species — Puget Sound Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and Puget Sound steelhead (O. mykiss). The framework also should serve as a guide to help managers adaptively manage fish restoration actions during and following dam removal. The document is organized into seven sections, including an introduction (Section 1), a description of the adaptive management approach (Section 2), suggested modifications to the existing restoration strategy developed in previous Elwha River restoration documents (section 3), specific descriptions of an adaptive management framework, including establishment of goals, performance indicators, and potential adaptive management responses to monitoring information (section 4), monitoring tools and methods for use in evaluating performance and project outcomes (section 5), and brief sections on data record keeping and reporting (Section 6) and an estimated budget (section 7).
\n
\nThe purpose of the EMAM guidelines is to propose (1) refinement of existing goals established in previous documents (e.g., Ward et al. (2008), U.S. Department of the Interior, Department of Commerce, and Lower Elwha S’Klallam Tribe (1994)); (2) an adaptive management framework, (3) specific trigger values for relevant performance indicators that guide the adaptive management approach, (4) a specific monitoring strategy for evaluating outcomes of restoration activities; (5) a data management strategy, (6) information needed for adjusting goals when observations indicate conditions are different from anticipated. When taken together, our proposed adaptive management guidelines rely upon setting goals and objectives for each species of interest, which are monitored by relevant performance indicators and measurable trigger values that define success within each phase of the project. The guidelines themselves are arranged in a hierarchy for each species of interest. The levels of this hierarchy are goals, objectives, performance indicators, decision rules, triggers, and decisions (i.e., management/policy response).
\n
\nThe monitoring and adaptive management approach provided is based on monitoring several categories of performance indicators, each containing associated ‘trigger’ values which, when met, alters restoration activities (e.g., hatchery releases and/or strategies) through four successive restoration phases. Performance indicators proposed in these EMAM guidelines are based upon Viable Salmon Population (VSP) metrics, including abundance, productivity, distribution, and diversity (McElhany et al. 2000). Trigger values for each performance indicator are developed for four different restoration phases: Preservation, Recolonization, Local Adaptation, and Viable Natural Population. These biologically-based phases each have a set of objectives that are based on resource management scenarios, including the dam removal project itself, which change largely based on the level of active management required and the degree, if any, of resource utilization. Thus, details of prescribed management actions for each phase are based upon different needs specific to that phase.
\n
\nThe creation of biologically-based phases is one of the major differences between our proposed EMAM guidelines and previously presented plans for Elwha River Restoration Project management. Changed largely in response to the recommendations of the most recent of three Hatchery Scientific Review Group project reviews (HSRG 2012), the goal-oriented phases replaced the previous system of temporal changes centered around the decommissioning of the dams (i.e., before, during, and after dam removal). By focusing on outcomes associated with rebuilding salmon populations instead of an engineering schedule, the guidelines are more amenable to an adaptive management framework and the ability for management actions to influence outcomes, particularly in the periods during and following dam removal.
\n
\nTrigger values for each performance indicator were generally developed using existing data from the Elwha River watershed, the Puget Sound region, or other Pacific Northwest rivers (i.e., elsewhere in Washington State, Oregon, British Columbia) modified to be relevant for Chinook salmon and steelhead recovery in the Elwha River. By meeting all of the trigger value levels for all performance indicators for a set amount of time within a management phase, the guidelines call for moving to the next phase. This next phase has a new set of trigger values for the same performance indicators. For example, upon moving from the Preservation phase to the Recolonization phase, the trigger value for intrinsic potential increases. Intrinsic potential is a pre-defined estimate of the total extent of available habitat within a watershed for adult and juvenile fish, specific to the target species and is therefore a performance indicator of spatial distribution. By the final Viable Natural Population phase, the entire intrinsic potential of the watershed is being occupied by the species of interest. For those cases when a performance indicator is not exceeding the target value for a particular phase after a certain time period, the trigger values provided in this document, as well as a series of exogenous variables, are explored that may help explain why the performance indicator is not being met. These exogenous variables include variables that are not part of the suite of performance indicators, such as hatchery production, harvest, habitat, and ecosystem indicators. In these cases where the program is stuck in a particular recovery phase, the situation could be caused by the selection of inappropriate trigger values or unforeseen environmental conditions. If the former, adaptive management would call for existing monitoring data to be used for modifying trigger values to an appropriate level. If one of the exogenous variables is found to be preventing the program moving to the next phase, then appropriate changes to management would be advised.
\n
\nFor each performance indicator and many of the exogenous variables, a set of monitoring tools were proposed. Data standards were also proposed for data generated by each monitoring tool. Data management, record keeping, and reporting of monitoring and adaptive management activities and results are also outlined. Management of data from the focused monitoring program and documenting the outcomes of trigger value evaluations and associated decisions from the adaptive management approach are key components of the EMAM guidelines. Without a clear history of data generated and adaptive management decisions taken by managers, the ability to learn through adaptive management breaks down. In addition to the long time period involved, another complication is the fact that the data will likely be collected by different federal and state agencies, tribal staff, and others. Having a system of reporting developed should help alleviate potential problems.
\n
\nThe restoration of the migration route to spawning and rearing habitats upstream of the former Glines Canyon Dam represents a great opportunity for salmon on the Olympic Peninsula. By removing two aging structures, it will be possible for all 5 species of salmon and steelhead to return to wild stretches of the Elwha River and major floodplain habitat characterized by multiple channels, as well as significant portions of numerous tributaries. Measuring the progress of restoration, from the perspective of both salmon populations and the ecosystem upon which they depend, is a great test for a collaborative team of scientists. The normally challenging conditions of working in a steep gradient, high velocity wilderness river are exacerbated by the release of millions of cubic yards of sediment that had accumulated in the reservoirs. After the first two years of the dam decommissioning process, this release has changed the ecology of the river, estuary, and nearshore habitats downstream of the dams. Our goal in developing the guidelines described is to provide a roadmap for tracking what hopefully will become a successful outcome. If successfully implemented, this information should prove useful as others begin planning for the removal, alteration, or reconstruction of dams throughout North America and elsewhere, an inevitable outcome of an aging dam infrastructure.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Joint Federal Interagency Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"Joint Federal Interagency Conference","conferenceDate":"June 28-July, 2010","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, NV","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Peters, R., Duda, J., Pess, G., Zimmerman, M., Crain, P., Hughes, Z., Wilson, A., Liermann, M., Morley, S., McMillan, J., Denton, K., and Warheit, K., 2014, Guidelines for monitoring and adaptively managing restoration of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and steelhead (O. mykiss) on the Elwha River, in Proceedings of the Joint Federal Interagency Conference, Las Vegas, NV, June 28-July, 2010, 10 p.","productDescription":"10 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-049368","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286303,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Elwha River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.605912,47.730895 ], [ -123.605912,48.147649 ], [ -123.444184,48.147649 ], [ -123.444184,47.730895 ], [ -123.605912,47.730895 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517044e4b05569d805a247","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peters, R.J.","contributorId":7619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duda, J.J. 0000-0001-7431-8634","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7431-8634","contributorId":105073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duda","given":"J.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pess, G.R.","contributorId":33037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pess","given":"G.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zimmerman, M.","contributorId":72541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Crain, P.","contributorId":31308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crain","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hughes, Z.","contributorId":80185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wilson, A.","contributorId":8430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Liermann, M.C.","contributorId":42875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liermann","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Morley, S.A.","contributorId":49619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morley","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"McMillan, J.","contributorId":83835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMillan","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Denton, K.","contributorId":28165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denton","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Warheit, K.","contributorId":80186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warheit","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70058636,"text":"sir20135228 - 2014 - Simulation of groundwater flow in the Edwards-Trinity and related aquifers in the Pecos County region, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-05T12:36:54","indexId":"sir20135228","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T13:28:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5228","title":"Simulation of groundwater flow in the Edwards-Trinity and related aquifers in the Pecos County region, Texas","docAbstract":"The Edwards-Trinity aquifer is a vital groundwater resource for agricultural, industrial, and public supply uses in the Pecos County region of western Texas. The U.S. Geological Survey completed a comprehensive, integrated analysis of available hydrogeologic data to develop a numerical groundwater-flow model of the Edwards-Trinity and related aquifers in the study area in parts of Brewster, Jeff Davis, Pecos, and Reeves Counties. The active model area covers about 3,400 square miles of the Pecos County region of Texas west of the Pecos River, and its boundaries were defined to include the saturated areas of the Edwards-Trinity aquifer. The model is a five-layer representation of the Pecos Valley, Edwards-Trinity, Dockum, and Rustler aquifers. The Pecos Valley aquifer is referred to as the alluvial layer, and the Edwards-Trinity aquifer is divided into layers representing the Edwards part of the Edwards-Trinity aquifer and the Trinity part of the Edwards-Trinity aquifer, respectively. The calibration period of the simulation extends from 1940 to 2010. Simulated hydraulic heads generally were in good agreement with observed values; 1,684 out of 2,860 (59 percent) of the simulated values were within 25 feet of the observed value. The average root mean square error value of hydraulic head for the Edwards-Trinity aquifer was 34.2 feet, which was approximately 4 percent of the average total observed change in groundwater-level altitude (groundwater level). Simulated spring flow representing Comanche Springs exhibits a pattern similar to observed spring flow. Independent geochemical modeling corroborates results of simulated groundwater flow that indicates groundwater in the Edwards-Trinity aquifer in the Leon-Belding and Fort Stockton areas is a mixture of recharge from the Barilla and Davis Mountains and groundwater that has upwelled from the Rustler aquifer.
\nThe model was used to simulate groundwater-level altitudes resulting from prolonged pumping to evaluate sustainability of current and projected water-use demands. Each of three scenarios utilized a continuation of the calibrated model. Scenario 1 extended recent (2008) irrigation and nonirrigation pumping values for a 30-year period from 2010 to 2040. Projected groundwater-level changes in and around the Fort Stockton area under scenario 1 change little from current conditions, indicating that the groundwater system is near equilibrium with respect to recent (2008) pumping stress. Projected groundwater-level declines in the eastern part of the model area ranging from 5.0 to 15.0 feet are likely the result of nonequilibrium conditions associated with recent increases in pumping after a prolonged water-level recovery period of little or no pumping. Projected groundwater-level declines (from 15.0 to 31.0 feet) occurred in localized areas by the end of scenario 1 in the Leon-Belding area. Scenario 2 evaluated the effects of extended recent (2008) pumping rates as assigned in scenario 1 with year-round maximum permitted pumping rates in the Belding area. Results of scenario 2 are similar in water-level decline and extent as those of scenario 1. The extent of the projected groundwater-level decline in the range from 5.0 to 15.0 feet in the Leon-Belding irrigation area expanded slightly (about a 2-percent increase) from that of scenario 1. Maximum projected groundwater-level declines in the Leon-Belding irrigation area were approximately 31.3 feet in small isolated areas. Scenario 3 evaluated the effects of periodic increases in pumping rates over the 30-year extended period. Results of scenario 3 are similar to those of scenario 2 in terms of the areas of groundwater-level decline; however, the maximum projected groundwater-level decline increased to approximately 34.5 feet in the Leon-Belding area, and the extent of the decline was larger in area (about a 17-percent increase) than that of scenario 2. Additionally, the area of projected groundwater-level declines in the eastern part of the model area increased from that of scenario 2—two individual areas of decline coalesced into one larger area. The localized nature of the projected groundwater-level declines is a reflection of the high degree of fractured control on storage and hydraulic conductivity in the Edwards-Trinity aquifer. Additionally, the finding that simulated spring flow is highly dependent on the transient nature of hydraulic heads in the underlying aquifer indicates the importance of adequately understanding and characterizing the entire groundwater system.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135228","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Middle Pecos Groundwater Conservation District, Pecos County, City of Fort Stockton, Brewster County, and Pecos County Water Control and Improvement District No. 1","usgsCitation":"Clark, B.R., Bumgarner, J.R., Houston, N.A., and Foster, A.L., 2014, Simulation of groundwater flow in the Edwards-Trinity and related aquifers in the Pecos County region, Texas (First posted February 14, 2014; Revised and reposted August 5, 2014, version 1.1): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5228, viii, 55 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135228.","productDescription":"viii, 55 p.","numberOfPages":"67","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052736","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282423,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135228.jpg"},{"id":282420,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5228/pdf/sir2013-5228.pdf"},{"id":282422,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5228/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Pecos County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.5,30.5 ], [ -104.5,31.5 ], [ -101.5,31.5 ], [ -101.5,30.5 ], [ -104.5,30.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"First posted February 14, 2014; Revised and reposted August 5, 2014, version 1.1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53e3414ae4b0567f2770196a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Brian R. 0000-0001-6611-3807 brclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6611-3807","contributorId":1502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Brian","email":"brclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":38131,"text":"WMA - Office of Planning and Programming","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bumgarner, Johnathan R. jbumgarner@usgs.gov","contributorId":5378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bumgarner","given":"Johnathan","email":"jbumgarner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":487214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Houston, Natalie A. 0000-0002-6071-4545 nhouston@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6071-4545","contributorId":1682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houston","given":"Natalie","email":"nhouston@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Foster, Adam L.","contributorId":28944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70103842,"text":"70103842 - 2014 - Temporal and spatial distributions of cold-water corals in the Drake Passage: insights from the last 35,000 years","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-08T13:22:47","indexId":"70103842","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T13:11:44","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1371,"text":"Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal and spatial distributions of cold-water corals in the Drake Passage: insights from the last 35,000 years","docAbstract":"Scleractinian corals have a global distribution ranging from shallow tropical seas to the depths of the Southern Ocean. Although this distribution is indicative of the corals having a tolerance to a wide spectrum of environmental conditions, individual species seem to be restricted to a much narrower range of ecosystem variables. One way to ascertain the tolerances of corals, with particular focus on the potential impacts of changing climate, is to reconstruct their growth history across a range of environmental regimes. This study examines the spatial and temporal distribution of the solitary scleractinian corals Desmophyllum dianthus, Gardineria antarctica, Balanophyllia malouinensis, Caryophyllia spp. and Flabellum spp. from five sites in the Drake Passage which cross the major frontal zones. A rapid reconnaissance radiocarbon method was used to date more than 850 individual corals. Coupled with U-Th dating, an age range of present day back to more than 100 thousand years was established for corals in the region. Within this age range there are distinct changes in the temporal and spatial distributions of these corals, both with depth and latitude, and on millennial timescales. Two major patterns that emerge are: (1) D. dianthus populations show clear variability in their occurrence through time depending on the latitudinal position within the Drake Passage. North of the Subantarctic Front, D. dianthus first appears in the late deglaciation (~17,000 years ago) and persists to today. South of the Polar Front, in contrast, early deglacial periods, with a few modern occurrences. A seamount site between the two fronts exhibits characteristics similar to both the northern and southern sites. This shift across the frontal zones within one species cannot yet be fully explained, but it is likely to be linked to changes in surface productivity, subsurface oxygen concentrations, and carbonate saturation state. (2) at locations where multiple genera were dated, differences in age and depth distribution of the populations provide clear evidence that each genus has unique environmental requirements to sustain its population.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.06.008","usgsCitation":"Margolin, A.R., Robinson, L., Burke, A., Waller, R., Scanlon, K.M., Roberts, M.L., Auro, M.E., and van de Flierdt, T., 2014, Temporal and spatial distributions of cold-water corals in the Drake Passage: insights from the last 35,000 years: Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, v. 99, p. 237-248, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.06.008.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"237","endPage":"248","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-043740","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473185,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140403-091731138","text":"External Repository"},{"id":286996,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286995,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.06.008"}],"otherGeospatial":"Drake Passage","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -85.0,-67.0 ], [ -85.0,-50.0 ], [ -45.0,-50.0 ], [ -45.0,-67.0 ], [ -85.0,-67.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"99","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"536ca77de4b060efff280de4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Margolin, Andrew R.","contributorId":61343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Margolin","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robinson, Laura F.","contributorId":6179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Laura F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burke, Andrea","contributorId":12179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burke","given":"Andrea","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Waller, Rhian G.","contributorId":52081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waller","given":"Rhian G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Scanlon, Kathryn M.","contributorId":6816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scanlon","given":"Kathryn","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Roberts, Mark L.","contributorId":69890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Auro, Maureen E.","contributorId":40900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auro","given":"Maureen","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"van de Flierdt, Tina","contributorId":34434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van de Flierdt","given":"Tina","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70102387,"text":"70102387 - 2014 - Decadal oscillation of lakes and aquifers in the upper Great Lakes region of North America: hydroclimatic implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-22T11:39:50","indexId":"70102387","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T11:35:41","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Decadal oscillation of lakes and aquifers in the upper Great Lakes region of North America: hydroclimatic implications","docAbstract":"We report a unique hydrologic time-series which indicates that water levels in lakes and aquifers across the upper Great Lakes region of North America have been dominated by a climatically-driven, near-decadal oscillation for at least 70 years. The historical oscillation (~13y) is remarkably consistent among small seepage lakes, groundwater tables and the two largest Laurentian Great Lakes despite substantial differences in hydrology. Hydrologic analyses indicate that the oscillation has been governed primarily by changes in the net atmospheric flux of water (P-E) and stage-dependent outflow. The oscillation is hypothetically connected to large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns originating in the mid-latitude North Pacific that support the flux of moisture into the region from the Gulf of Mexico. Recent data indicate an apparent change in the historical oscillation characterized by a ~12y downward trend beginning in 1998. Record low water levels region-wide may mark the onset of a new hydroclimatic regime.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/2013GL058679","usgsCitation":"Watras, C., Read, J., Holman, K., Liu, Z., Song, Y., Watras, A., Morgan, S., and Stanley, E., 2014, Decadal oscillation of lakes and aquifers in the upper Great Lakes region of North America: hydroclimatic implications: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 41, no. 2, p. 456-462, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GL058679.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"456","endPage":"462","numberOfPages":"7","ipdsId":"IP-051171","costCenters":[{"id":160,"text":"Center for Integrated Data Analytics","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473188,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2013gl058679","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":286507,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286489,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2013GL058679"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Upper Great Lakes Region","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -93.8,40.95 ], [ -93.8,49.14 ], [ -79.71,49.14 ], [ -79.71,40.95 ], [ -93.8,40.95 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"41","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53578f63e4b0938066bc81ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watras, C.J.","contributorId":13917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watras","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Read, J.S.","contributorId":34440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Read","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holman, K.D.","contributorId":60548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holman","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Liu, Z.","contributorId":70943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Song, Y.-Y.","contributorId":77056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Song","given":"Y.-Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Watras, A.J.","contributorId":31315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watras","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Morgan, S.","contributorId":81026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Stanley, E.H.","contributorId":18966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"E.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70148665,"text":"70148665 - 2014 - Modelling riverine habitat for robust redhorse: assessment for reintroduction of an imperilled species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-19T09:49:59","indexId":"70148665","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1659,"text":"Fisheries Management and Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modelling riverine habitat for robust redhorse: assessment for reintroduction of an imperilled species","docAbstract":"A critical component of a species reintroduction is assessment of contemporary habitat suitability. The robust redhorse, Moxostoma robustum (Cope), is an imperilled catostomid that occupies a restricted range in the south-eastern USA. A remnant population persists downstream of Blewett Falls Dam, the terminal dam in the Pee Dee River, North Carolina. Reintroduction upstream of Blewett Falls Dam may promote long-term survival of this population. Tillery Dam is the next hydroelectric facility upstream, which includes a 30 rkm lotic reach. Habitat suitability indices developed in the Pee Dee River were applied to model suitable habitat for proposed minimum flows downstream of Tillery Dam. Modelling results indicate that the Tillery reach provides suitable robust redhorse habitat, with spawning habitat more abundant than non-spawning habitat. Sensitivity analyses suggested that suitable water depth and substrate were limiting physical habitat variables. These results can inform decisions on flow regulation and guide planning for reintroduction of the robust redhorse and other species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Science","publisherLocation":"Oxford, England","doi":"10.1111/fme.12050","collaboration":"North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission; North Carolina State University; North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute","usgsCitation":"Fisk, J.M., Kwak, T.J., and Heise, R.J., 2014, Modelling riverine habitat for robust redhorse: assessment for reintroduction of an imperilled species: Fisheries Management and Ecology, v. 21, no. 1, p. 57-67, https://doi.org/10.1111/fme.12050.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"67","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-041530","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473190,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/fme.12050","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":301336,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-08-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55853d44e4b023124e8f5b18","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fisk, J. M. III","contributorId":141230,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fisk","given":"J.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kwak, Thomas J. 0000-0002-0616-137X tkwak@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0616-137X","contributorId":834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwak","given":"Thomas","email":"tkwak@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heise, R. J.","contributorId":141231,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heise","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70147100,"text":"70147100 - 2014 - Forecasting landscape effects of Mississippi River diversions on elevation and accretion in Louisiana deltaic wetlands under future environmental uncertainty scenarios","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-28T08:57:31","indexId":"70147100","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Forecasting landscape effects of Mississippi River diversions on elevation and accretion in Louisiana deltaic wetlands under future environmental uncertainty scenarios","docAbstract":"Large sediment diversions are proposed and expected to build new wetlands to alleviate the extensive wetland loss (5,000 km2) affecting coastal Louisiana during the last 78 years. Current assessment and prediction of the impacts of sediment diversions have focused on the capture and dispersal of both water and sediment on the adjacent river side and the immediate outfall marsh area. However, little is known about the effects of sediment diversions on existing wetland surface elevation and vertical accretion dynamics in the receiving basin at the landscape scale. In this study, we used a spatial wetland surface elevation model developed in support of Louisiana's 2012 Coastal Master Plan to examine such landscape-scale effects of sediment diversions. Multiple sediment diversion projects were incorporated in the model to simulate surface elevation and vertical accretion for the next 50 years (2010-2060) under two environmental (moderate and less optimistic) scenarios. Specifically, we examined landscape-scale surface elevation and vertical accretion trends under diversions with different geographical locations, diverted discharge rates, and geomorphic characteristics of the receiving basin. Model results indicate that small diversions (< 283 m3 s-1) tend to have limited effects of reducing landscape-scale elevation loss (< 3%) compared to a future without action (FWOA) condition. Large sediment diversions (> 1,500 m3 s-1) are required to achieve landscape-level benefits to promote surface elevation via vertical accretion to keep pace with rising sea level.
","language":"English","publisher":"Estuarine and Brackish-water Sciences Association","publisherLocation":"London, England","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2013.12.020","usgsCitation":"Wang, H., Steyer, G.D., Couvillion, B.R., John M. Rybczyk, Beck, H.J., Sleavin, W.J., Ehab A. Meselhe, Allison, M.A., Boustany, R.G., Craig J. Fischenich, and Rivera-Monroy, V.H., 2014, Forecasting landscape effects of Mississippi River diversions on elevation and accretion in Louisiana deltaic wetlands under future environmental uncertainty scenarios: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 138, p. 57-68, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2013.12.020.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"68","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051034","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299907,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"138","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5540af2be4b0a658d79392a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, Hongqing 0000-0002-2977-7732 wangh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2977-7732","contributorId":140432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Hongqing","email":"wangh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steyer, Gregory D. 0000-0001-7231-0110 steyerg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7231-0110","contributorId":2856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steyer","given":"Gregory","email":"steyerg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5062,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5064,"text":"Southeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Couvillion, Brady R. 0000-0001-5323-1687 couvillionb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5323-1687","contributorId":3829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Couvillion","given":"Brady","email":"couvillionb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":545648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"John M. Rybczyk","contributorId":140433,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"John M. Rybczyk","affiliations":[{"id":12723,"text":"Western Washington University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Beck, Holly J. 0000-0002-0567-9329 hbeck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0567-9329","contributorId":5454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beck","given":"Holly","email":"hbeck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sleavin, William J. 0000-0002-1269-7525","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1269-7525","contributorId":140434,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sleavin","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13498,"text":"Five Rivers Services, LLC.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ehab A. Meselhe","contributorId":140435,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ehab A. Meselhe","affiliations":[{"id":13499,"text":"The Water Institute of the Gulf","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Allison, Mead A.","contributorId":140436,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allison","given":"Mead","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13500,"text":"Tulane University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Boustany, Ronald G.","contributorId":140437,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boustany","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":13501,"text":"USDA NRCS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Craig J. Fischenich","contributorId":140438,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Craig J. Fischenich","affiliations":[{"id":13502,"text":"US Army Corps of Engineers","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Rivera-Monroy, Victor H.","contributorId":140439,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rivera-Monroy","given":"Victor","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70135974,"text":"70135974 - 2014 - Marsh soils as potential sinks for Bacteroides fecal indicator bacteria, Waccamaw National Wildlife Refuge, Georgetown, SC, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-12T17:13:04","indexId":"70135974","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Marsh soils as potential sinks for Bacteroides fecal indicator bacteria, Waccamaw National Wildlife Refuge, Georgetown, SC, USA","title":"Marsh soils as potential sinks for Bacteroides fecal indicator bacteria, Waccamaw National Wildlife Refuge, Georgetown, SC, USA","docAbstract":"A soil core collected in a tidal freshwater marsh in the Waccamaw National Wildlife Refuge (Georgetown, SC) exuded a particularly strong odor of cow manure upon extrusion. In order to test for manure and determine its provenance, we carried out microbial source tracking using DNA markers for Bacteroides, a noncoliform, anaerobic bacterial group that represents a broad group of the fecal population. Three core sections from 0-3 cm, 9-12 cm and 30-33 were analyzed for the presence of Bacteroides. The ages of core sediments were estimated using 210Pb and 137Cs dating. All three core sections tested positive for Bacteroides DNA markers related to cow or deer feces. Because cow manure is stockpiled, used as fertilizer, and a source of direct contamination in the Great Pee Dee River/Winyah Bay watershed, it is very likely the source of the Bacteroides that was deposited on the marsh. The mid-points of the core sections were dated as follows: 0-3 cm: 2009; 9-12 cm: 1999, and 30-33 cm: 1961. The presence of Bacteroides at different depths/ages in the soil profile indicates that soils in tidal freshwater marshes are, at the least, capable of being short-term sinks for Bacteroides and, may have the potential to be long-term sinks of stable, naturalized populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11270-013-1861-1","usgsCitation":"Drexler, J., Johnson, H., Duris, J.W., and Krauss, K.W., 2014, Marsh soils as potential sinks for Bacteroides fecal indicator bacteria, Waccamaw National Wildlife Refuge, Georgetown, SC, USA: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 225, p. 1-7, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-013-1861-1.","productDescription":"Article 1861; 7 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053177","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297076,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","city":"Georgetown","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.57809448242188,\n 33.097294071891696\n ],\n [\n -79.57809448242188,\n 33.5608510182527\n ],\n [\n -79.013671875,\n 33.5608510182527\n ],\n [\n -79.013671875,\n 33.097294071891696\n ],\n [\n -79.57809448242188,\n 33.097294071891696\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"225","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2befe4b08de9379b3583","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drexler, Judith Z. 0000-0002-0127-3866 jdrexler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0127-3866","contributorId":1659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drexler","given":"Judith Z.","email":"jdrexler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Heather E.","contributorId":207837,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Heather E.","affiliations":[{"id":12456,"text":"former USGS scientist","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":744854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Duris, Joseph W. 0000-0002-8669-8109 jwduris@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8669-8109","contributorId":1981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duris","given":"Joseph","email":"jwduris@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krauss, Ken W. 0000-0003-2195-0729 kraussk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2195-0729","contributorId":2017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krauss","given":"Ken","email":"kraussk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70073895,"text":"70073895 - 2014 - Geologic setting and stratigraphy of the Ziegler Reservoir fossil site, Snowmass Village, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-14T11:44:40","indexId":"70073895","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T09:44:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic setting and stratigraphy of the Ziegler Reservoir fossil site, Snowmass Village, Colorado","docAbstract":"The geologic setting of the Ziegler Reservoir fossil site is somewhat unusual – the sediments containing the Pleistocene fossils were deposited in a lake on top of a ridge. The lake basin was formed near the Town of Snowmass Village, Colorado when a glacier flowing down Snowmass Creek Valley became thick enough to overtop a low point in the eastern valley wall and entered the head of Brush Creek Valley. When the glacier retreated at the end of the marine isotope stage (MIS) 6, ~155-130 ka (thousands of years before present), the Brush Creek Valley lobe left behind a moraine that impounded a small alpine lake. The lake was initially ~10 m deep and was highly productive during most of its existence based on the abundant and exquisitely preserved organic material present in the sediments. Over time, the basin slowly filled with (mostly) eolian sediment such that by ~85 ka it contained more of a marsh or wetland than a true lake. Open water conditions returned briefly between ~75 and 55 ka before the impoundment was finally breached to the east, establishing ties with the Brush Creek drainage system and creating an alpine meadow that persisted until historic times.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.yqres.2013.12.011","usgsCitation":"Pigati, J.S., Miller, I.M., Johnson, K.R., Honke, J., Carrara, P.E., Muhs, D.R., Skipp, G., and Bryant, B., 2014, Geologic setting and stratigraphy of the Ziegler Reservoir fossil site, Snowmass Village, Colorado: Quaternary Research, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2013.12.011.","productDescription":"13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-051953","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282399,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":282397,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2013.12.011"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Snowmass Village","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.989321,39.155859 ], [ -106.989321,39.291971 ], [ -106.897133,39.291971 ], [ -106.897133,39.155859 ], [ -106.989321,39.155859 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517042e4b05569d805a229","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pigati, Jeff S.","contributorId":60114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pigati","given":"Jeff","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Ian M. 0000-0002-3289-6337","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3289-6337","contributorId":41951,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Ian","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Kirk R.","contributorId":16877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Kirk","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Honke, Jeffrey S.","contributorId":46412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Honke","given":"Jeffrey S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Carrara, Paul E. pcarrara@usgs.gov","contributorId":1342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carrara","given":"Paul","email":"pcarrara@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Muhs, Daniel R. 0000-0001-7449-251X dmuhs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":1857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"Daniel","email":"dmuhs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Skipp, Gary","contributorId":6458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skipp","given":"Gary","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bryant, Bruce bbryant@usgs.gov","contributorId":1355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bryant","given":"Bruce","email":"bbryant@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70144442,"text":"70144442 - 2014 - Coupled hydrological and biogeochemical processes controlling variability of nitrogen species in streamflow during autumn in an upland forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-30T15:20:16","indexId":"70144442","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coupled hydrological and biogeochemical processes controlling variability of nitrogen species in streamflow during autumn in an upland forest","docAbstract":"Autumn is a season of dynamic change in forest streams of the northeastern United States due to effects of leaf fall on both hydrology and biogeochemistry. Few studies have explored how interactions of biogeochemical transformations, various nitrogen sources, and catchment flow paths affect stream nitrogen variation during autumn. To provide more information on this critical period, we studied (1) the timing, duration, and magnitude of changes to stream nitrate, dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), and ammonium concentrations; (2) changes in nitrate sources and cycling; and (3) source areas of the landscape that most influence stream nitrogen. We collected samples at higher temporal resolution for a longer duration than typical studies of stream nitrogen during autumn. This sampling scheme encompassed the patterns and extremes that occurred during base flow and stormflow events of autumn. Base flow nitrate concentrations decreased by an order of magnitude from 5.4 to 0.7 µmol L−1 during the week when most leaves fell from deciduous trees. Changes to rates of biogeochemical transformations during autumn base flow explained the low nitrate concentrations; in-stream transformations retained up to 72% of the nitrate that entered a stream reach. A decrease of in-stream nitrification coupled with heterotrophic nitrate cycling were primary factors in the seasonal nitrate decline. The period of low nitrate concentrations ended with a storm event in which stream nitrate concentrations increased by 25-fold. In the ensuing weeks, peak stormflow nitrate concentrations progressively decreased over closely spaced, yet similarly sized events. Most stormflow nitrate originated from nitrification in near-stream areas with occasional, large inputs of unprocessed atmospheric nitrate, which has rarely been reported for nonsnowmelt events. A maximum input of 33% unprocessed atmospheric nitrate to the stream occurred during one event. Large inputs of unprocessed atmospheric nitrate show direct and rapid effects on forest streams that may be widespread, although undocumented, throughout nitrogen-polluted temperate forests. In contrast to a week-long nitrate decline during peak autumn litterfall, base flow DON concentrations increased after leaf fall and remained high for 2 months. Dissolved organic nitrogen was hydrologically flushed to the stream from riparian soils during stormflow. In contrast to distinct seasonal changes in base flow nitrate and DON concentrations, ammonium concentrations were typically at or below the detection limit, similar to the rest of the year. Our findings reveal couplings among catchment flow paths, nutrient sources, and transformations that control seasonal extremes of stream nitrogen in forested landscapes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, Inc.","doi":"10.1002/2013WR013670","usgsCitation":"Sebestyen, S.D., Shanley, J.B., Boyer, E.W., Kendall, C., and Doctor, D.H., 2014, Coupled hydrological and biogeochemical processes controlling variability of nitrogen species in streamflow during autumn in an upland forest: Water Resources Research, v. 50, no. 2, p. 1569-1591, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013WR013670.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"1569","endPage":"1591","numberOfPages":"23","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051358","costCenters":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473199,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2013wr013670","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":299159,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Vermont","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.13794708251953,\n 44.51878604321945\n ],\n [\n -72.22721099853516,\n 44.39625939021994\n ],\n [\n -72.16850280761719,\n 44.38521938054099\n ],\n [\n -72.17056274414062,\n 44.37196862007497\n ],\n [\n -72.09468841552734,\n 44.35773298166116\n ],\n [\n -72.04627990722656,\n 44.39895774251037\n ],\n [\n -72.08404541015625,\n 44.51070720877548\n ],\n [\n -72.13794708251953,\n 44.51878604321945\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"50","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"551a75cde4b0323842783502","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sebestyen, Stephen D.","contributorId":107562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sebestyen","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":543654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shanley, James B. 0000-0002-4234-3437 jshanley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4234-3437","contributorId":1953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"James","email":"jshanley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boyer, Elizabeth W.","contributorId":44659,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyer","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":7260,"text":"Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kendall, Carol 0000-0002-0247-3405 ckendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":1462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"Carol","email":"ckendall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Doctor, Daniel H. 0000-0002-8338-9722 dhdoctor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8338-9722","contributorId":2037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doctor","given":"Daniel","email":"dhdoctor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70189679,"text":"70189679 - 2014 - Evaluation of wastewater contaminant transport in surface waters using verified Lagrangian sampling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T16:50:42","indexId":"70189679","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of wastewater contaminant transport in surface waters using verified Lagrangian sampling","docAbstract":"Contaminants released from wastewater treatment plants can persist in surface waters for substantial distances. Much research has gone into evaluating the fate and transport of these contaminants, but this work has often assumed constant flow from wastewater treatment plants. However, effluent discharge commonly varies widely over a 24-hour period, and this variation controls contaminant loading and can profoundly influence interpretations of environmental data. We show that methodologies relying on the normalization of downstream data to conservative elements can give spurious results, and should not be used unless it can be verified that the same parcel of water was sampled. Lagrangian sampling, which in theory samples the same water parcel as it moves downstream (the Lagrangian parcel), links hydrologic and chemical transformation processes so that the in-stream fate of wastewater contaminants can be quantitatively evaluated. However, precise Lagrangian sampling is difficult, and small deviations – such as missing the Lagrangian parcel by less than 1 h – can cause large differences in measured concentrations of all dissolved compounds at downstream sites, leading to erroneous conclusions regarding in-stream processes controlling the fate and transport of wastewater contaminants. Therefore, we have developed a method termed “verified Lagrangian” sampling, which can be used to determine if the Lagrangian parcel was actually sampled, and if it was not, a means for correcting the data to reflect the concentrations which would have been obtained had the Lagrangian parcel been sampled. To apply the method, it is necessary to have concentration data for a number of conservative constituents from the upstream, effluent, and downstream sites, along with upstream and effluent concentrations that are constant over the short-term (typically 2–4 h). These corrections can subsequently be applied to all data, including non-conservative constituents. Finally, we show how data from other studies can be corrected.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.09.079","usgsCitation":"Antweiler, R.C., Writer, J.H., and Murphy, S.F., 2014, Evaluation of wastewater contaminant transport in surface waters using verified Lagrangian sampling: Science of the Total Environment, v. 470-471, p. 551-558, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.09.079.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"551","endPage":"558","ipdsId":"IP-042105","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344087,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"470-471","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59706fbce4b0d1f9f065a8fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Antweiler, Ronald C. 0000-0001-5652-6034 antweil@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5652-6034","contributorId":1481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Antweiler","given":"Ronald","email":"antweil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Writer, Jeffrey H. jwriter@usgs.gov","contributorId":1393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Writer","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jwriter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":705758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murphy, Sheila F. 0000-0002-5481-3635 sfmurphy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5481-3635","contributorId":1854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"Sheila","email":"sfmurphy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70148692,"text":"70148692 - 2014 - Temporal variation in development of ecosystem services from oyster reef restoration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-01T14:15:19","indexId":"70148692","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1454,"text":"Ecological Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal variation in development of ecosystem services from oyster reef restoration","docAbstract":"Restoration ecology relies heavily on ecosystem development theories that generally assume development of fully functioning natural systems over time, but often fail to identify the time-frame required for provision of desired functions, or acknowledge different pathways of functional development. In estuaries, a decline of overall habitat quality and functioning has led to significant efforts to restore critical ecosystem services, recently through the creation and restoration of oyster reefs. Oyster reef restoration generally occurs with goals of (1) increasing water quality via filtration through sustainable oyster recruitment, (2) stabilizing shorelines, and (3) creating and enhancing critical estuarine habitat for fish and invertebrates. We restored over 260 m2 of oyster reef habitat in coastal Louisiana and followed the development and provision of these ecosystem services from 2009 through 2012. Oysters recruited to reefs immediately, with densities of oysters greater than 75 mm exceeding 80 ind m−2 after 3 years, and provision of filtration rates of 1002 ± 187 L h−1 m−2; shoreline stabilization effects of the created reefs were minimal over the three years of monitoring, with some evidence of positive shoreline stabilization during higher wind/energy events only; increased nekton abundance of resident, but not larger transient fish was immediately measurable at the reefs, however, this failed to increase through time. Our results provide critical insights into the development trajectories of ecosystem services provided by restored oyster reefs, as well as the mechanisms mediating these changes. This is critical both ecologically to understand how and where a reef thrives, and for policy and management to guide decision-making related to oyster reef restoration and the crediting and accounting of ecosystem services.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.12.001","usgsCitation":"LaPeyre, M.K., Humphries, A.T., Casas, S.M., and La Peyre, J.F., 2014, Temporal variation in development of ecosystem services from oyster reef restoration: Ecological Engineering, v. 63, p. 34-44, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.12.001.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"34","endPage":"44","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-045902","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305548,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","county":"Terrebonne Parish","otherGeospatial":"Caillou Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.966796875,\n 29.200123477644983\n ],\n [\n -90.966796875,\n 29.269029832984536\n ],\n [\n -90.87203979492188,\n 29.269029832984536\n ],\n [\n -90.87203979492188,\n 29.200123477644983\n ],\n [\n -90.966796875,\n 29.200123477644983\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"63","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55950f38e4b0b6d21dd6cc07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"LaPeyre, Megan K. 0000-0001-9936-2252 mlapeyre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9936-2252","contributorId":585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaPeyre","given":"Megan","email":"mlapeyre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":549059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Humphries, Austin T.","contributorId":15943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Humphries","given":"Austin","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Casas, Sandra M.","contributorId":145452,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Casas","given":"Sandra","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"La Peyre, Jerome F.","contributorId":34697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"La Peyre","given":"Jerome","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70181780,"text":"70181780 - 2014 - Thermal-maturity limit for primary thermogenic-gas generation from humic coals as determined by hydrous pyrolysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-14T10:36:55","indexId":"70181780","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":605,"text":"AAPG Bulletin","printIssn":"0149-1423","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermal-maturity limit for primary thermogenic-gas generation from humic coals as determined by hydrous pyrolysis","docAbstract":"Hydrous-pyrolysis experiments at 360°C (680°F) for 72 h were conducted on 53 humic coals representing ranks from lignite through anthracite to determine the upper maturity limit for hydrocarbon-gas generation from their kerogen and associated bitumen (i.e., primary gas generation). These experimental conditions are below those needed for oil cracking to ensure that generated gas was not derived from the decomposition of expelled oil generated from some of the coals (i.e., secondary gas generation). Experimental results showed that generation of hydrocarbon gas ends before a vitrinite reflectance ![\"BLTN13204eq1\"](\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2014/12dec/BLTN13204/EQUATIONS/BLTN13204eq1.JPG\")
of 2.0%. This reflectance is equivalent to Rock-Eval maximum-yield temperature ![\"BLTN13204eq2\"](\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2014/12dec/BLTN13204/EQUATIONS/BLTN13204eq2.JPG\")
and hydrogen indices (HIs) of 555°C (1031°F) and 35 mg/g total organic carbon (TOC), respectively. At these maturity levels, essentially no soluble bitumen is present in the coals before or after hydrous pyrolysis. The equivalent kerogen atomic H/C ratio is 0.50 at the primary gas-generation limit and indicates that no alkyl moieties are remaining to source hydrocarbon gases. The convergence of atomic H/C ratios of type-II and -I kerogen to this same value at a reflectance of ![\"BLTN13204eq3\"](\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2014/12dec/BLTN13204/EQUATIONS/BLTN13204eq3.JPG\")
indicates that the primary gas-generation limits for humic coal and type-III kerogen also apply to oil-prone kerogen. Although gas generation from source rocks does not exceed vitrinite reflectance values greater than ![\"BLTN13204eq4\"](\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2014/12dec/BLTN13204/EQUATIONS/BLTN13204eq4.JPG\")
, trapped hydrocarbon gases can remain stable at higher reflectance values. Distinguishing trapped gas from generated gas in hydrous-pyrolysis experiments is readily determined by ![\"BLTN13204eq5\"](\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2014/12dec/BLTN13204/EQUATIONS/BLTN13204eq5.JPG\")
of the hydrocarbon gases when a ![\"BLTN13204eq6\"](\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2014/12dec/BLTN13204/EQUATIONS/BLTN13204eq6.JPG\")
-depleted water is used in the experiments. Water serves as a source of hydrogen in hydrous pyrolysis and, as a result, the use of ![\"BLTN13204eq7\"](\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2014/12dec/BLTN13204/EQUATIONS/BLTN13204eq7.JPG\")
-depleted water is reflected in the generated gases but not pre-existing trapped gases.
","language":"English","publisher":"AAPG","doi":"10.1306/06021413204","usgsCitation":"Lewan, M., and Kotarba, M., 2014, Thermal-maturity limit for primary thermogenic-gas generation from humic coals as determined by hydrous pyrolysis: AAPG Bulletin, v. 98, no. 12, p. 2581-2610, https://doi.org/10.1306/06021413204.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"2581","endPage":"2610","ipdsId":"IP-051905","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335323,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"98","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a42534e4b0c825128ad434","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lewan, Michael 0000-0001-6347-1553 mlewan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6347-1553","contributorId":173938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewan","given":"Michael","email":"mlewan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":668521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kotarba, M.J.","contributorId":181531,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kotarba","given":"M.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70131489,"text":"70131489 - 2014 - Africa-wide monitoring of small surface water bodies using multisource satellite data: A monitoring system for FEWS NET","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-26T14:20:47.474944","indexId":"70131489","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"5","title":"Africa-wide monitoring of small surface water bodies using multisource satellite data: A monitoring system for FEWS NET","docAbstract":"Continental Africa has the highest volume of water stored in wetlands, large lakes, reservoirs, and rivers, yet it suffers from problems such as water availability and access. With climate change intensifying the hydrologic cycle and altering the distribution and frequency of rainfall, the problem of water availability and access will increase further. Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET) funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) has initiated a large-scale project to monitor small to medium surface water points in Africa. Under this project, multisource satellite data and hydrologic modeling techniques are integrated to monitor several hundreds of small to medium surface water points in Africa. This approach has been already tested to operationally monitor 41 water points in East Africa. The validation of modeled scaled depths with field-installed gauge data demonstrated the ability of the model to capture both the spatial patterns and seasonal variations. Modeled scaled estimates captured up to 60 % of the observed gauge variability with a mean root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 22 %. The data on relative water level, precipitation, and evapotranspiration (ETo) for water points in East and West Africa were modeled since 1998 and current information is being made available in near-real time. This chapter presents the approach, results from the East African study, and the first phase of expansion activities in the West Africa region. The water point monitoring network will be further expanded to cover much of sub-Saharan Africa. The goal of this study is to provide timely information on the water availability that would support already established FEWS NET activities in Africa. This chapter also presents the potential improvements in modeling approach to be implemented during future expansion in Africa.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nile River Basin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-02720-3_5","usgsCitation":"Velpuri, N.M., Senay, G.B., Rowland, J., Verdin, J.P., and Alemu, H., 2014, Africa-wide monitoring of small surface water bodies using multisource satellite data: A monitoring system for FEWS NET, chap. 5 of Nile River Basin, p. 69-95, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02720-3_5.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"69","endPage":"95","numberOfPages":"27","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052450","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296230,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Africa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -21.796875,\n -35.17380831799957\n ],\n [\n -21.796875,\n 37.85750715625203\n ],\n [\n 51.50390625,\n 37.85750715625203\n ],\n [\n 51.50390625,\n -35.17380831799957\n ],\n [\n -21.796875,\n -35.17380831799957\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"546f10e3e4b057be23d4a73d","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Melesse, Assefa M.","contributorId":45044,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Melesse","given":"Assefa","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":7003,"text":"Deprtment of Earth & Environmental ECS 339, Florida Interational University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525612,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Abtew, Wossenu","contributorId":127536,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Abtew","given":"Wossenu","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7036,"text":"South Florida Water Management District","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525613,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Setegn, Shimelis G.","contributorId":127537,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Setegn","given":"Shimelis","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":7017,"text":"Florida International University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525614,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Velpuri, Naga Manohar 0000-0002-6370-1926 nvelpuri@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6370-1926","contributorId":4441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Velpuri","given":"Naga","email":"nvelpuri@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Manohar","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":521260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Senay, Gabriel B. 0000-0002-8810-8539 senay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":3114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"Gabriel","email":"senay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":521261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rowland, James 0000-0003-4837-3511 rowland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4837-3511","contributorId":3108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowland","given":"James","email":"rowland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":521263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Verdin, James P. 0000-0003-0238-9657 verdin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0238-9657","contributorId":720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"James","email":"verdin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":521264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Alemu, Henok","contributorId":124527,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alemu","given":"Henok","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5087,"text":"Geographic Information Science Center of Excellence (GIScCE), South Dakota State University, Brookings, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":521262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70189780,"text":"70189780 - 2014 - Maximum magnitude earthquakes induced by fluid injection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-26T11:07:34","indexId":"70189780","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Maximum magnitude earthquakes induced by fluid injection","docAbstract":"Analysis of numerous case histories of earthquake sequences induced by fluid injection at depth reveals that the maximum magnitude appears to be limited according to the total volume of fluid injected. Similarly, the maximum seismic moment seems to have an upper bound proportional to the total volume of injected fluid. Activities involving fluid injection include (1) hydraulic fracturing of shale formations or coal seams to extract gas and oil, (2) disposal of wastewater from these gas and oil activities by injection into deep aquifers, and (3) the development of enhanced geothermal systems by injecting water into hot, low-permeability rock. Of these three operations, wastewater disposal is observed to be associated with the largest earthquakes, with maximum magnitudes sometimes exceeding 5. To estimate the maximum earthquake that could be induced by a given fluid injection project, the rock mass is assumed to be fully saturated, brittle, to respond to injection with a sequence of earthquakes localized to the region weakened by the pore pressure increase of the injection operation and to have a Gutenberg-Richter magnitude distribution with a b value of 1. If these assumptions correctly describe the circumstances of the largest earthquake, then the maximum seismic moment is limited to the volume of injected liquid times the modulus of rigidity. Observations from the available case histories of earthquakes induced by fluid injection are consistent with this bound on seismic moment. In view of the uncertainties in this analysis, however, this should not be regarded as an absolute physical limit.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1002/2013JB010597","usgsCitation":"McGarr, A.F., 2014, Maximum magnitude earthquakes induced by fluid injection: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 119, no. 2, p. 1008-1019, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JB010597.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1008","endPage":"1019","ipdsId":"IP-053945","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473196,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2013jb010597","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":344323,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"119","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5979aa57e4b0ec1a488b8c37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGarr, Arthur F. 0000-0001-9769-4093 mcgarr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9769-4093","contributorId":3178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGarr","given":"Arthur","email":"mcgarr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70144299,"text":"70144299 - 2014 - Quantifying the predictive consequences of model error with linear subspace analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-27T10:38:04","indexId":"70144299","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying the predictive consequences of model error with linear subspace analysis","docAbstract":"All computer models are simplified and imperfect simulators of complex natural systems. The discrepancy arising from simplification induces bias in model predictions, which may be amplified by the process of model calibration. This paper presents a new method to identify and quantify the predictive consequences of calibrating a simplified computer model. The method is based on linear theory, and it scales efficiently to the large numbers of parameters and observations characteristic of groundwater and petroleum reservoir models. The method is applied to a range of predictions made with a synthetic integrated surface-water/groundwater model with thousands of parameters. Several different observation processing strategies and parameterization/regularization approaches are examined in detail, including use of the Karhunen-Loève parameter transformation. Predictive bias arising from model error is shown to be prediction specific and often invisible to the modeler. The amount of calibration-induced bias is influenced by several factors, including how expert knowledge is applied in the design of parameterization schemes, the number of parameters adjusted during calibration, how observations and model-generated counterparts are processed, and the level of fit with observations achieved through calibration. Failure to properly implement any of these factors in a prediction-specific manner may increase the potential for predictive bias in ways that are not visible to the calibration and uncertainty analysis process.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/2013WR014767","usgsCitation":"White, J., Doherty, J.E., and Hughes, J.D., 2014, Quantifying the predictive consequences of model error with linear subspace analysis: Water Resources Research, v. 50, no. 2, p. 1152-1173, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013WR014767.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1152","endPage":"1173","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051515","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473198,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2013wr014767","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":299024,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55167f36e4b0323842781b0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Jeremy T. jwhite@usgs.gov","contributorId":3930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Jeremy T.","email":"jwhite@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":270,"text":"FLWSC-Tampa","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":543460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doherty, John E.","contributorId":8817,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Doherty","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7046,"text":"Watermark Numerical Computing","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hughes, Joseph D. 0000-0003-1311-2354 jdhughes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1311-2354","contributorId":2492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"Joseph","email":"jdhughes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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