The accompanying map shows the geology of the Fra Mauro site- the proposed landing site for the Apollo 13 mission to the Moon. This site lies about 80 km north of the ancient crater Fra Mauro, in a north-south belt of predominantly hummocky uplands terrain geologically distinct from the mare terrains of the earlier Apollo landing sites. The geologic outline of the front face of the Moon is shown by Wilhelms and McCauley (1969); the regional setting around the Fra Mauro site is presented on a 1:250,000-scale map by Eggleton (1970). Detailed geology around the proposed landing ellipse is shown on a 1:5,000 scale map by Offield (1970).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr70245","usgsCitation":"Eggleton, R., and Offield, T.W., 1970, Geologic map of the Fra Mauro region of the Moon-- Apollo 13 (Superseded by I-708): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 70-245, Report: 4 p.; 1 Plate: 39.28 x 28.72 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr70245.","productDescription":"Report: 4 p.; 1 Plate: 39.28 x 28.72 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":498204,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0245/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":498203,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0245/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":144402,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0245/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"250000","projection":"Mercator","otherGeospatial":"Fra Mauro, Moon","edition":"Superseded by I-708","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db698fe9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eggleton, Richard E.","contributorId":67097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eggleton","given":"Richard E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":164929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Offield, Terry W.","contributorId":15196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Offield","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":164928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":14842,"text":"ofr70217 - 1970 - Seismic-reflection records from a survey at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal near Denver, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-06T15:02:17.990839","indexId":"ofr70217","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"70-217","title":"Seismic-reflection records from a survey at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal near Denver, Colorado","docAbstract":"During July 1966, after competitive bidding, a contract was awarded by the U.S. Geological Survey to GeoData Corporation and Geo Prospectors, Inc., both of Tulsa, Oklahoma, for 18 miles of continuous seismic-reflection profiling in the vicinity of a deep injection disposal well (IDW) at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal near Denver, Colorado. The purpose of this survey was to determine if structure exists in the 12,000-ft sedimentary section or in the Precambrian basement that might be related to the series of earthquakes that occurred in the area starting in the spring of 1962. A paper on the seismic-reflection profiling by Ben R. Rummerfield, A. Peter Olson, and D. B. Hoover (1968) reported the major conclusions of the survey.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr70217","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corp of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Mattick, R.E., and Hoover, D.B., 1970, Seismic-reflection records from a survey at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal near Denver, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 70-217, iii, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr70217.","productDescription":"iii, 4 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":146929,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0217/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":498345,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0217/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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M.","contributorId":69995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"R.","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, B.E.","contributorId":36495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Healy, J. H.","contributorId":48968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":3144,"text":"wsp1926 - 1970 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1961-65, Part 9. Colorado River basin, Volume 3. Lower Colorado River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-03T20:30:05.371112","indexId":"wsp1926","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1926","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1961-65, Part 9. Colorado River basin, Volume 3. Lower Colorado River basin","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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Lower Colorado River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1926, Report; 571 p.; 1 Plate: 24.50 × 32.62 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1926.","productDescription":"Report; 571 p.; 1 Plate: 24.50 × 32.62 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":30091,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1926/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":30090,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1926/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138876,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1926/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":110042,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25150.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"25150"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Baja California, California, Nevada, Sonora","otherGeospatial":"lower Colorado River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.01562499999999,\n 31.3348710339506\n ],\n [\n -112.47802734375,\n 31.3348710339506\n ],\n [\n -112.47802734375,\n 36.98500309285596\n ],\n [\n -116.01562499999999,\n 36.98500309285596\n ],\n [\n -116.01562499999999,\n 31.3348710339506\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af5e4b07f02db692480","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3099,"text":"wsp1966 - 1970 - Quality of surface waters of the United States, 1965, Parts 12-16, Pacific slope basins in Washington and upper Columbia River basin to Hawaii and other Pacific areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:39","indexId":"wsp1966","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1966","title":"Quality of surface waters of the United States, 1965, Parts 12-16, Pacific slope basins in Washington and upper Columbia River basin to Hawaii and other Pacific areas","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. 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Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1966","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1970, Quality of surface waters of the United States, 1965, Parts 12-16, Pacific slope basins in Washington and upper Columbia River basin to Hawaii and other Pacific areas: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1966, xiii, 462 p. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1966.","productDescription":"xiii, 462 p. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139264,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1966/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30011,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1966/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8be4b07f02db651ab3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2477,"text":"wsp1608M - 1970 - Hydrographic and sedimentation survey of Kajakai Reservoir, Afghanistan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:25","indexId":"wsp1608M","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1608","chapter":"M","title":"Hydrographic and sedimentation survey of Kajakai Reservoir, Afghanistan","docAbstract":"A hydrographic and sedimentation survey of Band-e Kajakai (Kajakai Reservoir) on the Darya-ye Hirmand (Helmand River) was carried out during the period September through December 1968. Underwater mapping techniques were used to determine the reservoir capacity as of 1968. Sediment range lines were established and monumented to facilitate future sedimentation surveys. Afghanistan engineers and technicians were trained to carry out future reservoir surveys. Samples were obtained of the reservoir bed and in the river upstream from the reservoir. Virtually no sediments coarser than about 0.063 millimeter were found on the reservoir bed surface. The median diameter of sands being transported into the reservoir ranged from 0.040 to 0.110 millimeter. The average annual rate of sedimentation was 7,800 acre-feet. Assuming an average density of 50 pounds per cubic foot (800 kilograms per cubic meter), the estimated average sediment inflow to the reservoir was about 8,500,000 tons (7,700,000 metric tons) per year. \r\n\r\nThe decrease in capacity at spillway elevation for the period 1953 to 1968 due to sediment deposition was 7.8 percent, or 117,700 acre-feet. Redefinition of several contours above the fill area resulted in an increase in capacity at spillway elevation of 13,600 acre-feet; thus, the net change in capacity was 7.0 percent, or 104,800 acre-feet. \r\n\r\nBased on current data and an estimated rate of compaction of deposited sediment, the assumption of no appreciable change in hydrologic conditions in the drainage area, the leading edge of the principal delta will reach the irrigation outlet in 40-45 years. \r\n\r\nIt is recommended that a resurvey of sediment range lines be made during the period 1973-75.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1608M","usgsCitation":"Perkins, D.C., and Culbertson, J.K., 1970, Hydrographic and sedimentation survey of Kajakai Reservoir, Afghanistan: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1608, iv, 43 p. :ill. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1608M.","productDescription":"iv, 43 p. :ill. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138750,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1608m/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28553,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1608m/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2de4b07f02db6146cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perkins, Don C.","contributorId":59429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"Don","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Culbertson, James K.","contributorId":31371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Culbertson","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":2479,"text":"wsp01B - 1970 - Detergents and associated contaminants in ground water at three public-supply well fields in southwestern Suffolk County, Long Island, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:25","indexId":"wsp01B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001","chapter":"B","title":"Detergents and associated contaminants in ground water at three public-supply well fields in southwestern Suffolk County, Long Island, New York","docAbstract":"Sampling of groups of small-diameter shallow observation wells and nearby public-supply wells screened in the upper glacial aquifer at three well fields showed that detergents (MBAS) were distributed through almost the entire saturated thickness of the aquifer. Concentrations of MBAS in water from all the wells sampled ranged from less than 0.02 to nearly 5 mg/l (milligrams per liter), whereas MBAS concentrations in water pumped from shallow public supply wells ranged from about 0.1 mg/l to about 1.3 mg/l. Upward trends in MBAS concentrations, which were observed at most of the shallow observation wells from 1961 to 1966, nearly stabilized or declined to some extent by 1968. A slight to distinct upward trend in the MBAS content of water pumped from shallow public-supply wells was observed during the same period at two of the three well fields investigated. \r\n\r\nChloride concentrations in the upper glacial aquifer, which ranged from about 5 to 80 mg/l, had a distinct upward trend at some wells apparently due to infiltration of both sewage effluent and deicing salts which were applied to roads in the winter. Nitrate concentrations also increased slightly but remained below the recommended limit for drinking water. \r\n\r\nNo MBAS was detected in water from public-supply wells tapping deeper zones in the underlying Magothy aquifer, and significant amounts of MBAS and associated contaminants are unlikely to reach those zones for many years, if present flow patterns and head relationships are not markedly changed.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp01B","usgsCitation":"Perlmutter, N., and Guerrera, A., 1970, Detergents and associated contaminants in ground water at three public-supply well fields in southwestern Suffolk County, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2001, iv, 22 p. :illus. (2 fold. in pocket) ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp01B.","productDescription":"iv, 22 p. :illus. (2 fold. in pocket) ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138763,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2001b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28562,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2001b/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28563,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2001b/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28564,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2001b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db6679cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perlmutter, Nathaniel M.","contributorId":32139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perlmutter","given":"Nathaniel M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guerrera, A.A.","contributorId":86751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guerrera","given":"A.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":3090,"text":"wsp1931 - 1970 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1961-65, Part 11. Pacific slope basins in California, Volume 4. Northern Central Valley basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-03T20:09:22.744141","indexId":"wsp1931","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1931","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1961-65, Part 11. Pacific slope basins in California, Volume 4. Northern Central Valley basins","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1931","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1970, Surface water supply of the United States, 1961-65, Part 11. Pacific slope basins in California, Volume 4. Northern Central Valley basins: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1931, 611 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1931.","productDescription":"611 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":29971,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1931/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138642,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1931/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":392460,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25155.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.3876953125,\n 37.579412513438385\n ],\n [\n -120.1904296875,\n 37.579412513438385\n ],\n [\n -120.1904296875,\n 40.94671366508002\n ],\n [\n -122.3876953125,\n 40.94671366508002\n ],\n [\n -122.3876953125,\n 37.579412513438385\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af8e4b07f02db694235","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3088,"text":"wsp1925 - 1970 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1961-65, Part 9. Colorado River basin, Volume 2. Colorado River basin from Green River to Compact Point","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-03T20:25:13.975014","indexId":"wsp1925","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1925","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1961-65, Part 9. Colorado River basin, Volume 2. Colorado River basin from Green River to Compact Point","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1925","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1970, Surface water supply of the United States, 1961-65, Part 9. Colorado River basin, Volume 2. Colorado River basin from Green River to Compact Point: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1925, Report: 618 p.; 1 Plate: 19.00 × 32.15 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1925.","productDescription":"Report: 618 p.; 1 Plate: 19.00 × 32.15 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138640,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1925/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29967,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1925/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29968,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1925/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":392463,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25149.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, New Mexico, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.250,\n 35.525\n ],\n [\n -106.692,\n 35.525\n ],\n [\n -106.692,\n 43.396\n ],\n [\n -112.250,\n 43.396\n ],\n [\n -112.250,\n 35.525\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af6e4b07f02db692a93","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3089,"text":"wsp1929 - 1970 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1961-65, Part 11. Pacific slope basins in California, Volume 2. Basins from Arroyo Grande to Oregon state line except Central Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-03T19:57:54.098172","indexId":"wsp1929","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1929","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1961-65, Part 11. Pacific slope basins in California, Volume 2. Basins from Arroyo Grande to Oregon state line except Central Valley","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1929","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1970, Surface water supply of the United States, 1961-65, Part 11. Pacific slope basins in California, Volume 2. Basins from Arroyo Grande to Oregon state line except Central Valley: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1929, Report: 673 p.; 1 Plate: 20.50 × 35.44 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1929.","productDescription":"Report: 673 p.; 1 Plate: 20.50 × 35.44 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":29970,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1929/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29969,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1929/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138641,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1929/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":110045,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25153.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"25153"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.71679687499999,\n 34.95799531086792\n ],\n [\n -120.36621093749999,\n 34.95799531086792\n ],\n [\n -120.36621093749999,\n 42.032974332441405\n ],\n [\n -124.71679687499999,\n 42.032974332441405\n ],\n [\n -124.71679687499999,\n 34.95799531086792\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af8e4b07f02db69428e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3251,"text":"cir636 - 1970 - A review of water resources of the Umiat area, northern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:21","indexId":"cir636","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"636","title":"A review of water resources of the Umiat area, northern Alaska","docAbstract":"Surface-water supplies from the Colville River, small tributary creeks, and lakes are abundant in summer but limited in winter by low or zero flow in streams and thick ice cover on lakes. \r\n\r\nFresh ground water occurs in unfrozen zones in alluvium and in the upper part of bedrock beneath the Colville River and beneath lakes that do not freeze to the bottom in winter. These unfrozen zones, forming depressions in the upper surface of permafrost, are maintained by flow of heat from bodies of surface water into subjacent alluvium and bedrock. \r\n\r\nBrackish or saline ground water occurs in bedrock beneath as much as 1,055 feet of permafrost in the Arctic foothills and beneath 750 to 800 feet of permafrost beneath low terraces of the Colville River valley. The foothill area is unfavorable for developing supplies of potable ground water because of the great depth to water, predominance of brackish or saline water, and low potential yield of the bedrock. In the Colville River valley, shallow unfrozen alluvium beneath the river and deep lakes will yield abundant year-round supplies of ground water, but the bedrock below permafrost yields less than 10 gpm (gallons per minute) of saline or brackish water.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir636","usgsCitation":"Williams, J.R., 1970, A review of water resources of the Umiat area, northern Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 636, iii, 8 p. :maps ;27 cm. , https://doi.org/10.3133/cir636.","productDescription":"iii, 8 p. :maps ;27 cm. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138435,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1970/0636/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30247,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1970/0636/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b19e4b07f02db6a76fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, John R.","contributorId":107260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":146517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2737,"text":"wsp2002 - 1970 - Water in urban planning, Salt Creek Basin, Illinois water management as related to alternative land-use practices","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:34","indexId":"wsp2002","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002","title":"Water in urban planning, Salt Creek Basin, Illinois water management as related to alternative land-use practices","docAbstract":"Water management can be an integral part of urban comprehensive planning in a large metropolitan area. Water both imposes constraints on land use and offers opportunities for coordinated land and water management. Salt Creek basin in Cook and Du Page Counties of the Chicago metropolitan area is typical of rapidly developing suburban areas and has been selected to illustrate some of these constraints and opportunities and to suggest the effects of alternative solutions. The present study concentrates on the related problems of ground-water recharge, water quality, management of flood plains, and flood-control measures. Salt Creek basin has a drainage area of 150 square miles. It is in flat to. gently rolling terrain, underlain by glacial drift as much as 200 feet thick which covers a dolomite aquifer. In 1964, the population of the basin was about 400,000, and 40 percent of the land was in urban development. The population is expected to number 550,000 to 650,000 by 1990, and most of the land will be taken by urban development. \r\n\r\nSalt Creek is a sluggish stream, typical of small drainage channels in the headwaters area of northeastern Illinois. Low flows of 15 to 25 cubic feet per second in the lower part of the basin consist largely of sewage effluent. \r\n\r\nNearly all the public water supplies in the basin depend on ground water. Of the total pumpage of 27.5 million gallons per day, 17.5 million gallons per day is pumped from the deep (Cambrian-Ordovician) aquifers and 10 million gallons per day is pumped from the shallow (Silurian dolomite and glacial drift) aquifers. The potential yield of the shallow aquifers, particularly glacial drift in the northern part of the basin, far exceeds present use. The largest concentration of pumpage from the shallow ,aquifers is in the Hinsdale-La Grange area. Salt Creek serves as an important source of recharge to these supplies, particularly just east of Hinsdale. The entire reach of Salt Creek south and east of Elmhurst can be regarded as an area of potential recharge to the shallow aquifers. Preservation of the effectiveness of these potential recharge areas should be considered in land-use planning.\r\n\r\nSalt Creek is polluted in times of both low and high flow. Most communities in the basin in Du Page County discharge their treated sewage into the creek, whereas those in Cook County transfer their sewage to plants of the Metropolitan Sanitary District outside the basin. During periods of high runoff, combined storm runoff and overflow from sanitary sewers enter the creek. Such polluted water detracts from the stream's esthetic and recreational potential and poses a threat to ground-water supplies owing to induced recharge of polluted water to shallow aquifers. Alternative approaches .to the pollution problem include improvement of the degree of sewage treatment, detention and treatment of storm runoff, dilution of sewage through flow augmentation, or transfer of sewage from the basin to a central treatment plant. To result in an enhanced environment, the streambed would have to be cleansed of accumulated sludge deposits. \r\n\r\nThe overbank flooding in Salt Creek basin every 2 to 3 years presents problems because of encroachments and developments on the flood plains. Flood plains in an urban area can be managed by identifying them, by recognizing that either their natural storage capacity or equivalent artificial capacity is needed to accommodate floods, and by planning land use accordingly. Examples of effective floodplain management include (1) preservation of greenbelts or regional parks along stream courses, (2) use of flood plains for recreation, parking lots. or other low-intensity uses, (3) use of flood-proofed commercial buildings, and (4) provision for compensatory storage to replace natural storage capacity. Results of poor flood-plain management include uncontrolled residential development and encroachment by fill into natural storage areas where no compensatory storage has been","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey; for sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2002","usgsCitation":"Spieker, A.M., 1970, Water in urban planning, Salt Creek Basin, Illinois water management as related to alternative land-use practices: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2002, ix, 147 p. :illus., maps. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2002.","productDescription":"ix, 147 p. :illus., maps. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138915,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2002/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29163,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2002/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5f9fde","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spieker, Andrew Maute","contributorId":78716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spieker","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"Maute","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1956,"text":"wsp1878 - 1970 - Water resources of Racine and Kenosha Counties, southeastern Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-01T14:52:00","indexId":"wsp1878","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1878","title":"Water resources of Racine and Kenosha Counties, southeastern Wisconsin","docAbstract":"Urbanization and changes in regional development in Racine and Kenosha Counties are increasing the need for water-resources information useful for planning and management. The area is fortunate in having abundant supplies of generally good quality water available for present and projected future needs. Lake Michigan and ground-water reservoirs have great potential for increased development. Lake Michigan assures the urbanized area in the eastern part of the two counties of a nearly inexhaustible water supply. In 1967 the cities of Racine and Kenosha pumped an average of 32.6 mgd (million gallons per day) from the lake. Water from Lake Michigan is of the calcium magnesium bicarbonate type, but it is less hard than water from other sources. Discharge from Racine and Kenosha Counties into Lake Michigan is low and has little effect on the lake. The Root and Pike Rivers and a number of smaller streams contribute a mean flow of about 125 cfs (cubic feet per second) to the lake. Ground water, approximately 5 cfs, enters the lake as discharge from springs or as seeps. The Des Plaines, Root, and Pike Rivers drain areas of relatively impermeable silty clay that promotes rapid surface runoff and provides little sustained base flow. Sewage sometimes accounts for most of the base flow of the Root River. In contrast, the Fox River, which drains the western half of the area, has steady and dependable flow derived from the sand and gravel and the Niagara aquifers. Sewage-plant effluent released to the Fox River in 1964 was about 5 percent of the total flow. A 5-mile reach of the Root River loses about 30,000 gpd (gallons per day) per mile to the local ground-water reservoir and is a possible source of ground-water contamination. Thirty-five of the 43 lakes in the area are the visible parts of the groundwater table, and their stages fluctuate with changes in ground-water levels. The rest of the lakes are perched above the ground-water table. Flooding is a recurring but generally minor problem along occupied reaches of flood plains of all the streams. However, in 1960 a flood on the Fox River, which had a recurrence interval of 60 years, caused considerable damage near the village of Silver Lake. At the same time, a flood on the Root River, which had a recurrence interval of 100 years, caused damage in Racine. The sandstone aquifer, a major artesian reservoir underlying all of Racine and Kenosha Counties, is used as a water supply for industries, institutions, and three communities. Pumpage for these uses was about 3.3 mgd in 1967. The greatest decline of water levels, attributed to both local and regional pumping, was 7 feet per year at Burlington. The specific capacities of wells developed in the Mount Simon Sandstone are about 5 gpm (gallons per minute) per foot of drawdown; in the Galesville and Franconia Sandstones, about 4 gpm per foot of drawdown; and in the St. Peter Sandstone, about 1 gpm per foot of drawdown. Yields of more than 1,000 gpm are obtained from wells tapping the Galesville and Franconia Sandstones and penetrating large crevices in the Trempealeau Formation near Burlington and Union Grove. About 2.5 mgd of ground water in the sandstone aquifer was diverted from the two-county area toward the Milwaukee and Chicago pumping centers in 1963--about 1.7 mgd moving from Racine County toward Milwaukee and 0.8 mgd moving from Kenosha County toward Chicago. Recent regional waterlevel declines in the sandstone aquifer have ranged from about 3 to 5 feet per year. This decline in water levels represents a ground-water depletion of about 0.5 mgd; however, the aquifer is not being dewatered, nor are water levels declining in the recharge area. The sandstone aquifer receives about 80 percent of its recharge from its outcrop area west of the two counties. In 1963 about 3.5 mgd moved eastward laterally from the recharge zone in western Walworth County, and about 1 mgd leaked downward through the overly
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E.","contributorId":11204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wasson","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomson, F.H.","contributorId":8132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomson","given":"F.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":3079,"text":"wsp1904 - 1970 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1961-65, Part 2. South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico, Volume 1. Basins from James River to Savannah River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-20T18:19:29.410377","indexId":"wsp1904","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1904","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1961-65, Part 2. South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico, Volume 1. Basins from James River to Savannah River","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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Khan District contains an area of 3,450 square miles between the right bank of the Indus River and the Sulaiman Range in westcentral West Pakistan. Agriculture is the principal source of income in the District, but only a small part of the arable land is fully utilized. The region is semiarid and has an average annual rainfall of about 9 inches and a potential evapotranspirational rate of eight to nine times the annual rainfall. Thus, rainfall alone is not adequate for high-intensity cropping. \r\n\r\nIrrigation is practiced near the Indus River; the Paharpur Canal is used, as well as the traditional inundation method. Elsewhere in the District, adequate water is supplied to local areas by karezes, perennial streams from the mountains, and some recently installed tubewells (see 'Glossary'). Further development of ground-water supplies would permit a more effective utilization of most of the presently tilled land and would allow additional land to be farmed. \r\n\r\nD.I. Khan District is primarily an alluvial plain that slopes from the mountain ranges in the northern and western parts of the District toward the Indus River. Rocks in the bordering mountains are of Paleozoic to early or middle Pleistocene age. The unconsolidated rocks of the plain, of middle (?) Pleistocene to Holocene (Recent) age, consist of piedmont deposits derived from the hills to the north and west and of alluvium laid down by the Indus River. These deposits interfinger in a transitional zone about 8 to 12 miles west of the river. Lithologic and structural features indicate that the unconsolidated rocks possibly may be divided into broad units. \r\n\r\nThe investigations in D.I. Khan District have revealed two main areas of potential ground-water development based on considerations of both permeability and chemical quality of the ground water: \r\n\r\n1. A belt about 10 miles wide parallels the Indus River from the Khisor Range southward to the area immediately south of D.I. Khan town. In this belt, the material penetrated by test holes and tubewells consists predominantly of sand, which in tubewells can yield from 2 to 3 cfs (cubic feet per second) of water with only moderate drawdown. Also in this belt, ground water of good chemical quality extends to depths of 1,000 feet or more. \r\n\r\n2. The area from the mouth of the Gumal River gorge to the vicinity of Kot Azam contains sand and gravel strata that may yield from 1 to 3 cfs of water, which contains 500 to 1,500 ppm (parts per million) of total dissolved solids. \r\n\r\nOther marginal parts of the District also contain water of good chemical quality, but developmental prospects are somewhat poorer because of greater depths to water, lower permeabilities, or greater depths to aquifers, all of which would require greater costs in the tubewell installations. The stratification or zoning of water of different chemical qualities to some extent governs the local availability of useful water. Generally, the \r\nground water of poorest quality is found in the shallow zone, and quality improves with depth. The central part of the District, in a belt reaching from the vicinity of Tank southward to the Indus River near Dera Ghfizi Khan District, contains highly mineralized water and few aquifers. The mineralization of water in this belt is due primarily to large concentrations of sodium and sulfate and thus differs from the main part of the Punjab \r\nregion where highly mineralized waters are generally chloride waters. Radical changes in water quality, both horizontally and vertically, are common in the District. Changes in chemical quality of water from large-capacity wells near areas of highly mineralized water are taking place, and further changes may be expected as withdrawals continue and increase in magnitude. Under present conditions, surface-water supplies are fully utilized, and ground water is the largest supply available for development-other than \r\nthat from the Indus River.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1608K","usgsCitation":"Hood, J.W., Khan, L.A., and Jawaid, K., 1970, Water resources and related geology of Dera Ismail Khan district, West Pakistan, with reference to the availability of ground water for development: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1608, viii, 74 p. :ill., maps (2 folded col.) ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1608K.","productDescription":"viii, 74 p. :ill., maps (2 folded col.) ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138173,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1608k/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27230,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1608k/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a06e4b07f02db5f8887","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hood, J. 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