Analytical data for 207 stream-sediment samples from western St. Lawrence Island are presented in this report, together with a statistical treatment of the data. The samples were collected in 1968 and 1969 as part of the Heavy Metals Program of the U.S. Geological Survey.
This report is intended to supplement Geological Survey open-file report entitled \"Preliminary geologic investigations of western St. Lawrence Island, Alaska\" (Patton and Csejtey, 1970) which describes the general geology of the area and discusses several localities where anomalous amounts of metals were found.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr70258","usgsCitation":"Patton, W.W., and Csejtey, B., 1970, Analyses of stream-sediment samples from western St. Lawrence Island, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 70-258, Report: 50 p.; 1 Plate: 22.87 x 20.79 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr70258.","productDescription":"Report: 50 p.; 1 Plate: 22.87 x 20.79 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":424037,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0258/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":153003,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0258/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":424036,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0258/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"St. Lawrence Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -171.90691843006778,\n 63.85534337507485\n ],\n [\n -171.90691843006778,\n 62.915279680399436\n ],\n [\n -168.66670025640576,\n 62.915279680399436\n ],\n [\n -168.66670025640576,\n 63.85534337507485\n ],\n [\n -171.90691843006778,\n 63.85534337507485\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad1e4b07f02db680d6a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Patton, William Wallace Jr.","contributorId":72346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patton","given":"William","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"Wallace","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Csejtey, Bela Jr.","contributorId":61008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Csejtey","given":"Bela","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":41740,"text":"ofr70337 - 1970 - Aeromagnetic map of the Morenci-Monticello area, southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":41740,"text":"ofr70337 - 1970 - Aeromagnetic map of the Morenci-Monticello area, southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico","indexId":"ofr70337","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"title":"Aeromagnetic map of the Morenci-Monticello area, southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":63880,"text":"gp838 - 1972 - Aeromagnetic map of the Morenci-Monticello area, southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico","indexId":"gp838","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"title":"Aeromagnetic map of the Morenci-Monticello area, southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":63880,"text":"gp838 - 1972 - Aeromagnetic map of the Morenci-Monticello area, southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico","indexId":"gp838","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"title":"Aeromagnetic map of the Morenci-Monticello area, southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico"},"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-08T16:12:51","indexId":"ofr70337","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"70-337","title":"Aeromagnetic map of the Morenci-Monticello area, southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr70337","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1970, Aeromagnetic map of the Morenci-Monticello area, southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 70-337, 4 Plates: 40.84 x 50.01 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr70337.","productDescription":"4 Plates: 40.84 x 50.01 inches or smaller","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":176583,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr70337.PNG"},{"id":326253,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0337/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":326252,"rank":1,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0337/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":326254,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0337/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":326255,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0337/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"62500","country":"United States","state":"Arizona, New Mexico","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af2e4b07f02db69189f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":530601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":44223,"text":"ofr7024 - 1970 - Total intensity aeromagnetic map of Liberia, including the continental shelf","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-15T14:18:43","indexId":"ofr7024","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"70-24","title":"Total intensity aeromagnetic map of Liberia, including the continental shelf","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr7024","issn":"ma","usgsCitation":"Behrendt, J.C., and Wotorson, C.S., 1970, Total intensity aeromagnetic map of Liberia, including the continental shelf: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 70-24, 2 maps, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7024.","productDescription":"2 maps","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":134618,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":99227,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0024/plate-1.pdf","size":"7528","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":99228,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0024/plate-2.pdf","size":"7690","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"1000000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629a0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Behrendt, John C. jbehrendt@usgs.gov","contributorId":25945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Behrendt","given":"John","email":"jbehrendt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":213,"text":"Crustal Imaging and Characterization Team","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":229367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wotorson, Cletus S.","contributorId":106854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wotorson","given":"Cletus","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":56062,"text":"ofr70342 - 1970 - Basic data for urban hydrology study, Dallas, Texas, 1968","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-27T15:35:48","indexId":"ofr70342","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"70-342","title":"Basic data for urban hydrology study, Dallas, Texas, 1968","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr70342","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1970, Basic data for urban hydrology study, Dallas, Texas, 1968: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 70-342, 103 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr70342.","productDescription":"103 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":174262,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db6487e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":532424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":56073,"text":"ofr70364 - 1970 - Water-resources reconnaissance of the Old Harbor area, Kodiak Island, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:09","indexId":"ofr70364","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"70-364","title":"Water-resources reconnaissance of the Old Harbor area, Kodiak Island, Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr70364","usgsCitation":"Weeks, J., 1970, Water-resources reconnaissance of the Old Harbor area, Kodiak Island, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 70-364, 6 p., 3 figs., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr70364.","productDescription":"6 p., 3 figs.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":111690,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.dggs.dnr.state.ak.us/pubs/id/10879","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":180876,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9b6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weeks, J.B.","contributorId":61426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weeks","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":254726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":69141,"text":"coal53 - 1970 - Geologic map of the Heart Butte quadrangle, Morton and Grant Counties, North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-13T20:16:33.811389","indexId":"coal53","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":309,"text":"Coal Map","code":"COAL","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"53","title":"Geologic map of the Heart Butte quadrangle, Morton and Grant Counties, North Dakota","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/coal53","usgsCitation":"Stephens, E., 1970, Geologic map of the Heart Butte quadrangle, Morton and Grant Counties, North Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Coal Map 53, Report; 1 p.; 1 Plate; 33.61 × 27.47 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/coal53.","productDescription":"Report; 1 p.; 1 Plate; 33.61 × 27.47 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":188429,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/coal/053/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":115300,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/coal/053/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":115299,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/coal/053/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":398678,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_19610.htm"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","county":"Grant County, Morton County","otherGeospatial":"Heart Butte quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -101.875,\n 46.625\n ],\n [\n -101.75,\n 46.625\n ],\n [\n -101.75,\n 46.75\n ],\n [\n -101.875,\n 46.75\n ],\n [\n -101.875,\n 46.625\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db69826b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stephens, E. 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Jr.","contributorId":88399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"J.F.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":254709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":56060,"text":"ofr70326 - 1970 - A proposed streamflow-data program for Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-04T09:39:43","indexId":"ofr70326","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"70-326","title":"A proposed streamflow-data program for Idaho","docAbstract":"A streamflow information system is proposed for Idaho. This proposal resulted from a study in which the basic steps were (1) definition of long-term program goals, (2) examination and evaluation of available data to determine which goals have been achieved, and (3) consideration of alternate programs and techniques for meeting the remaining goals.
The following conclusions are drawn from the study. Goals have been achieved on many of the principal unregulated streams; operation of 11 new or reactivated gages on principal streams are needed to satisfy needs. However, the goals cannot be met on unregulated minor streams with present data and analytical techniques. Few of the goals can be achieved with the available data for major or minor streams which are regulated, which are fed by springs or receive significant return flows, or which are affected by extensive channel losses. These streams will require river-systems studies which necessitate collection of complete records of diversions, return flows, upstream storage, and information relative to exchange between surface flow and ground water. Noteworthy inadequacies include data to define floods at long recurrence intervals, such as 100 year floods, and to define the low-flow characteristics, especially in small streams and in channels affected by springs, return flows, seepage, regulation, or diversions.
The proposed program consists of both data collection and analyses to efficiently provide the streamflow information required for (1) current water use and management, (2) planning and design, (3) determination of long-term trends, and (4) assessment of stream environment.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr70326","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Idaho Department of Water Administration and the Idaho Department of Highways","usgsCitation":"Thomas, C., and Harenberg, W., 1970, A proposed streamflow-data program for Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 70-326, Report: v, 71 p.; 1 Plate: 22.21 x 34.27 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr70326.","productDescription":"Report: v, 71 p.; 1 Plate: 22.21 x 34.27 inches","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":174260,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0326/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":359897,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0326/figure-1.pdf","text":"Figure 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":359896,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0326/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.24,41.99 ], [ -117.24,49.0 ], [ -111.04,49.0 ], [ -111.04,41.99 ], [ -117.24,41.99 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8cf9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, C.A.","contributorId":14385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":254707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harenberg, W. 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A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":254708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":56076,"text":"ofr70373 - 1970 - Flood of March 1968 in eastern Massachusetts and Rhode Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:09","indexId":"ofr70373","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"70-373","title":"Flood of March 1968 in eastern Massachusetts and Rhode Island","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr70373","usgsCitation":"Wood, G.K., Swallow, L., Johnson, C., and Searles, G., 1970, Flood of March 1968 in eastern Massachusetts and Rhode Island: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 70-373, 85 p., 10 figs., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr70373.","productDescription":"85 p., 10 figs.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":185272,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a50e4b07f02db629667","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, G. K.","contributorId":44235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":254731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swallow, L.A.","contributorId":105683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swallow","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":254734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, C.G.","contributorId":75996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"C.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":254733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Searles, G.H.","contributorId":71633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Searles","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":254732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":63299,"text":"gq863 - 1970 - Geologic map of the Hayden Peak quadrangle, Pitkin and Gunnison Counties, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:45","indexId":"gq863","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":316,"text":"Geologic Quadrangle","code":"GQ","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"863","title":"Geologic map of the Hayden Peak quadrangle, Pitkin and Gunnison Counties, Colorado","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/gq863","usgsCitation":"Bryant, B., 1970, Geologic map of the Hayden Peak quadrangle, Pitkin and Gunnison Counties, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle 863, 1 map :col. ;58 x 45 cm., on sheet 85 x 129 cm., folded to 26 x 22 cm., in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/gq863.","productDescription":"1 map :col. ;58 x 45 cm., on sheet 85 x 129 cm., folded to 26 x 22 cm., in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":103579,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_2165.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"2165"},{"id":249403,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gq/0863/report.pdf","size":"32","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":252802,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gq/0863/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.86749999999999,39 ], [ -106.86749999999999,39.1175 ], [ -106.75,39.1175 ], [ -106.75,39 ], [ -106.86749999999999,39 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697e62","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bryant, Bruce bbryant@usgs.gov","contributorId":1355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bryant","given":"Bruce","email":"bbryant@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":268631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":56063,"text":"ofr70343 - 1970 - Compilation of hydrologic data, Cow Bayou, Brazos River basin, Texas, 1968","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-27T15:30:57","indexId":"ofr70343","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"70-343","title":"Compilation of hydrologic data, Cow Bayou, Brazos River basin, Texas, 1968","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr70343","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1970, Compilation of hydrologic data, Cow Bayou, Brazos River basin, Texas, 1968: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 70-343, 80 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr70343.","productDescription":"80 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":174263,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ee4b07f02db6a9eaa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":532425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":20171,"text":"ofr70229 - 1970 - Estimates of the mechanical properties of lunar surface using tracks and secondary impact craters produced by blocks and boulders","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-12T14:40:48.517304","indexId":"ofr70229","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"70-229","title":"Estimates of the mechanical properties of lunar surface using tracks and secondary impact craters produced by blocks and boulders","docAbstract":"Estimates of bearing capacities of lunar surfaces using tracks and secondary impact craters produced by blocks and boulders shown in photographs taken by Lunar Orbiters II and III are the same order of magnitude as those reported by the Surveyor project, but they are generally less.
Static analyses of 48 lunar blocks and boulders and their tracks yield friction angles between 10° and 30° and averaging about 17°. These values were computed using: (1) Terzaghi's bearing capacity equations for circular footings, (2) Meyerhof's dimensionless numbers for general shear on level surfaces, (3) a cohesion of 103 dynes per cm2, (4) a density of 1.35 gm per cm3 for the near surface materials, (5) a density of 2.7 gm per cm3 for the block or boulder, (6) spheroidal (triaxial) boulders unless definite shapes can be established, (7) footing radii equal to the half-width of the block or boulder, the half-width of the track, and(or) the half-width of the shadow near the base of the block or boulder.
For 115 secondary impact craters and their corresponding blocks, dynamic strengths are estimated using: (1) the product of one-half the mass per unit area of the block and the normal component of velocity squared divided by the crater depth, and (2) the ratio of the kinetic energy of the block and the volume of the secondary crater. Velocities of the blocks are calculated using a ballistics equation and assuming an ejection angle of 45°. Block densities are taken as 2.7 gm per cm3. Dynamic strengths of the near surface materials using the first procedure average 25.2 x 105 dynes per cm2 (37 psi); and, for the second procedure, they average 19.2 x 105 dynes per cm2 (28 psi). Comparison between dynamic strengths and expected static strengths, computed for each block using the assumptions above, show that most of the dynamic strengths correspond to the static strengths when the friction angle is 30° and larger.
Data on experimental low velocity impacts with natural targets are compared with the lunar data on secondary impacts. Nara's modified Poncelet equation for sand yields an average angle of internal friction near 34° using the appropriate block and soil constants mentioned above.
Comparison of coefficients computed using the equations for sand of Clark and McCarty, Mortensen, and Moore for the lunar data with the corresponding constants for terrestrial data indicate the lunar coefficients are generally low. These low values can be brought into better agreement with terrestrial data on sand by increasing the assumed ejection angles to 60° or 70° and considering the effect of the low acceleration of gravity at the lunar surface.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr70229","usgsCitation":"Moore, H., 1970, Estimates of the mechanical properties of lunar surface using tracks and secondary impact craters produced by blocks and boulders: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 70-229, v, 65 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr70229.","productDescription":"v, 65 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152763,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0229/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":498538,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0229/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625829","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, H. J.","contributorId":71962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"H. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":56075,"text":"ofr70372 - 1970 - Water resources of Lehigh County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":56075,"text":"ofr70372 - 1970 - Water resources of Lehigh County, Pennsylvania","indexId":"ofr70372","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"title":"Water resources of Lehigh County, Pennsylvania"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70047462,"text":"70047462 - 1972 - Water resources of Lehigh County, Pennsylvania","indexId":"70047462","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"title":"Water resources of Lehigh County, Pennsylvania"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70047462,"text":"70047462 - 1972 - Water resources of Lehigh County, Pennsylvania","indexId":"70047462","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"title":"Water resources of Lehigh County, Pennsylvania"},"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-06T15:38:02","indexId":"ofr70372","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"70-372","title":"Water resources of Lehigh County, Pennsylvania","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr70372","usgsCitation":"Wood, C.R., Flippo, H., and Lescinsky, J., 1970, Water resources of Lehigh County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 70-372, 571 p., 54 figs., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr70372.","productDescription":"571 p., 54 figs.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":185271,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f07c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, C. R.","contributorId":100386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":254730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flippo, H.N. Jr.","contributorId":96301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flippo","given":"H.N.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":254729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lescinsky, J.B.","contributorId":83197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lescinsky","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":254728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":56074,"text":"ofr70365 - 1970 - A proposed streamflow-data program for Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:09","indexId":"ofr70365","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"70-365","title":"A proposed streamflow-data program for Utah","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr70365","usgsCitation":"Whitaker, G., 1970, A proposed streamflow-data program for Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 70-365, 63 p., 5 figs., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr70365.","productDescription":"63 p., 5 figs.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":185270,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8835","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whitaker, G.L.","contributorId":36983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitaker","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":254727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":56067,"text":"ofr70351 - 1970 - Preliminary results of injecting highly treated sewage-plant effluent into deep sand aquifer at Bay Park, New York","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":56067,"text":"ofr70351 - 1970 - Preliminary results of injecting highly treated sewage-plant effluent into deep sand aquifer at Bay Park, New York","indexId":"ofr70351","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"title":"Preliminary results of injecting highly treated sewage-plant effluent into deep sand aquifer at Bay Park, New York"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":38672,"text":"pp751A - 1972 - Preliminary results of injecting highly treated sewage-plant effluent into a deep sand aquifer at Bay Park, New York","indexId":"pp751A","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Preliminary results of injecting highly treated sewage-plant effluent into a deep sand aquifer at Bay Park, New York"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":38672,"text":"pp751A - 1972 - Preliminary results of injecting highly treated sewage-plant effluent into a deep sand aquifer at Bay Park, New York","indexId":"pp751A","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"title":"Preliminary results of injecting highly treated sewage-plant effluent into a deep sand aquifer at Bay Park, New York"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:09","indexId":"ofr70351","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"70-351","title":"Preliminary results of injecting highly treated sewage-plant effluent into deep sand aquifer at Bay Park, New York","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr70351","usgsCitation":"Vecchioli, J., and Ku, H., 1970, Preliminary results of injecting highly treated sewage-plant effluent into deep sand aquifer at Bay Park, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 70-351, 53 p., 6 figs., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr70351.","productDescription":"53 p., 6 figs.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":180781,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aade4b07f02db66b2c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vecchioli, John","contributorId":36113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vecchioli","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":254715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ku, H.F.H.","contributorId":53012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ku","given":"H.F.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":254716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":6217,"text":"pp672 - 1970 - Geology of the Renton, Auburn, and Black Diamond quadrangles, King County, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:57","indexId":"pp672","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"672","title":"Geology of the Renton, Auburn, and Black Diamond quadrangles, King County, Washington","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/pp672","usgsCitation":"Mullineaux, D.R., 1970, Geology of the Renton, Auburn, and Black Diamond quadrangles, King County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 672, 92 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp672.","productDescription":"92 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121391,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0672/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":33414,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0672/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e79a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mullineaux, Donal Ray","contributorId":31759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullineaux","given":"Donal","email":"","middleInitial":"Ray","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":16233,"text":"ofr70324 - 1970 - Geologic log and chemical data, diamond drill hole 1, Samrah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-07T18:06:28.515395","indexId":"ofr70324","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"70-324","title":"Geologic log and chemical data, diamond drill hole 1, Samrah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","docAbstract":"Diamond drill hole number 1 at the Samrah ancient mine, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia penetrated a series of mineralized fractures. Lead, zinc, and silver are the principal ore metals and galena and sphalerito are the ore minerals identified to date. Throughout the core there is a somewhat better correlation of silver with zinc than with lead.
The richest interval of core is in the main vein, 51-1/2 feet of core from 430 to 482 feet, and averages nearly 20 ounces of silver to the ton. Within this interval, 15 feet of core from 444 to 459 feet averages 60 ounces of silver to the ton. The richest single sample represents the five-foot interval from 454 to 459 feet and is reported to contain nearly 140 ounces of silver to the ton. All of these intervals contain recoverable quantities of lead and zinc and some contain a small amount of gold.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr70324","usgsCitation":"Theobald, P.K., Thompson, C., and Horn, H.D., 1970, Geologic log and chemical data, diamond drill hole 1, Samrah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 70-324, Report: 61 p.; 4 Figures: 29.84 x 11.90 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr70324.","productDescription":"Report: 61 p.; 4 Figures: 29.84 x 11.90 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":148894,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0324/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":498400,"rank":6,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0324/figure-10.pdf","text":"Figure 10","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":498399,"rank":5,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0324/figure-5.pdf","text":"Figure 5","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":498398,"rank":4,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0324/figure-4.pdf","text":"Figure 4","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":498397,"rank":3,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0324/figure-3.pdf","text":"Figure 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":498396,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0324/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Saudi Arabia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.1569003387927,\n 42.19240723701009\n ],\n [\n -120.10749572008328,\n 38.838079005221346\n ],\n [\n -114.92237135508793,\n 34.88069804889223\n ],\n [\n -114.98297993586107,\n 31.350750228533002\n ],\n [\n -108.86155573128843,\n 31.164630024551755\n ],\n [\n -108.78553410798668,\n 37.13467902221349\n ],\n [\n -113.85445865369462,\n 37.17625160026044\n ],\n [\n -113.88260270021135,\n 42.186786176024185\n ],\n [\n -120.1569003387927,\n 42.19240723701009\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 42.32738784712694,\n 15.512723400556823\n ],\n [\n 55.46938659113218,\n 19.579159163878117\n ],\n [\n 56.089387644546775,\n 21.93229208405711\n ],\n [\n 48.656849713663576,\n 28.702737353396188\n ],\n [\n 39.424873163889,\n 32.90306864705684\n ],\n [\n 33.20660131965218,\n 29.600711506057223\n ],\n [\n 42.32738784712694,\n 15.512723400556823\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4f35","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Theobald, P. K. Jr.","contributorId":70398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Theobald","given":"P.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, Charles E.","contributorId":35333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Charles E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Horn, Henry D.","contributorId":79492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horn","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":20197,"text":"ofr70235 - 1970 - Preliminary analysis of infrared imagery, Pahute Mesa area, Nevada Test Site, NASA site 52","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-12T14:34:46.245936","indexId":"ofr70235","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"70-235","title":"Preliminary analysis of infrared imagery, Pahute Mesa area, Nevada Test Site, NASA site 52","docAbstract":"Infrared images from two aircraft missions, flown by HRB-Singer Inc., August 10, 1966, and by NASA, Mission 30, September 3, 1966, have been analyzed. The HRB-Singer Inc., data, obtained in the 3-5 micrometer wavelength band between 10:32 and 11:53 p.m. (MST) in Spite of smoke in the atmosphere, revealed a fault that had not been mapped in the field and that was not visible on vertical black and white aerial photography.
Twenty-four days later under clear weather conditions, the NASA aircraft obtained infrared imagery in the 8-14 micrometer band on a night overflight of the same area, but the fault mentioned above is not readily identified.
Nighttime infrared observations assist stratigraphic and structural studies. Rhyolitic lava flows and welded tuff layers, having relatively high thermal inertia, are well outlined as bright (warm) areas on both sets of the nighttime imagery.
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