Strix occidentalis caurina (northern spotted owl; hereinafter referred to as spotted owl) have rapidly declined throughout the subspecies’ geographic range. Competition with invading Strix varia (barred owl) has been identified as an immediate cause of those declines. A pilot study in California showed that removal of barred owls coupled with conservation of suitable habitat conditions can slow or even reverse population declines of spotted owls. It is unknown, however, whether similar results can be obtained in areas with different forest conditions, greater densities of barred owls, and fewer remaining spotted owls. We used a before-after-control-impact experimental design on three study areas with long-term demographic information on spotted owls to determine if removal of barred owls can improve population trends of spotted owls. This report summarizes research accomplishments and initial results from the first 4.5 years (from March 2015 to August 2019) of implementing barred owl removal experiments in Washington and Oregon.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20201089","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Bureau of Land Management, and U.S. Forest Service","usgsCitation":"Wiens, J.D., Dugger, K.M., Lesmeister, D.B., Dilione, K.E., and Simon, D.C., 2020, Effects of barred owl (Strix varia) removal on population demography of northern spotted owls (Strix occidentalis caurina) in Washington and Oregon—2019 annual report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2020–1089, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20201089.","productDescription":"iv, 19 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-117976","costCenters":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":376560,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1089/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":376531,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1089/ofr20201089.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2020-1089"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.28906250000001,\n 46.483264729155586\n ],\n [\n -119.59716796875,\n 46.483264729155586\n ],\n [\n -119.59716796875,\n 47.54687159892238\n ],\n [\n -121.28906250000001,\n 47.54687159892238\n ],\n [\n -121.28906250000001,\n 46.483264729155586\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.99169921875,\n 43.723474896114794\n ],\n [\n -122.98095703125,\n 43.723474896114794\n ],\n [\n -122.98095703125,\n 44.824708282300236\n ],\n [\n -123.99169921875,\n 44.824708282300236\n ],\n [\n -123.99169921875,\n 43.723474896114794\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.21142578125,\n 42.47209690919285\n ],\n [\n -122.23388671874999,\n 42.47209690919285\n ],\n [\n -122.23388671874999,\n 43.24520272203356\n ],\n [\n -124.21142578125,\n 43.24520272203356\n ],\n [\n -124.21142578125,\n 42.47209690919285\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
777 NW 9th St., Suite 400
Corvallis, Oregon 97330
The U.S. Geological Survey was asked by the Washington State Department of Transportation to provide technical assistance as a third-party reviewer of their stormwater effectiveness monitoring program during the transition between the completion of the 2014 Washington State Department of Ecology permit requirements and start of the new 2019 Washington State Department of Ecology permit requirements. For the purposes of this evaluation, the U.S. Geological Survey reviewed Washington State Department of Transportation’s 2014 National Pollution Discharge Elimination System permit. This review focuses on sections S7, S8, G9, and appendix 4 of the permit that are specific to monitoring. These sections cover the methods of monitoring, the constituents that were monitored, laboratory requirements, reporting requirements, and data archival. Next, all quality-assurance project plans for the 2014 general permit and annual reports required for the permit were reviewed. The quality-assurance project plans and annual reports were reviewed to ensure that monitoring was executed and reported as required by the 2014 general permit. The monitoring requirements put forth from the permits were fully addressed in quality-assurance project plans and were completed and presented in the annual monitoring reports. Overall, the Washington State Department of Transportation monitoring program does not change much under its new 2019 permit. The Washington State Department of Transportation has followed through with the plan set out in each of its approved quality-assurance project plans and therefore, is in a good position to meet or exceed the new permit requirements in the upcoming 5-year permit cycle.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20201079","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Washington State Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Senter, C.A., and Sheibley, R.W., 2020, Evaluation of the Washington State Department of Transportation stormwater monitoring and effectiveness program for 2014–19: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2020–1079, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20201079.","productDescription":"iv, 11 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-117873","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":376565,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1079/ofr20201079.pdf","text":"Report","size":"394 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2020-1079"},{"id":376564,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1079/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, Washington Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
934 Broadway, Suite 300
Tacoma, Washington 98402
Groundwater susceptibility to contamination was investigated by using environmental tracer-based groundwater age metrics in the south Atlantic and Gulf Coast principal aquifer systems of the Southeastern Coastal Plain, Mississippi embayment–Texas coastal uplands, and the Coastal Lowlands. Samples of dissolved gas, tritium, sulfur hexafluoride, tritiogenic helium, and carbon-14 were collected from 231 public supply wells in the 3 principal aquifer systems. Dissolved gas models were used to characterize recharge conditions and they identified recharge mechanisms that ranged from rapid, but short-lived, water table rises (possibly associated with large scale flooding), to slower diffuse recharge not associated with large water table fluctuations. Dissolved gas and geochemical correction models were used to calculate and (or) correct tracer concentrations before input to lumped parameter models of groundwater age. Lumped parameter models that were fit to tracer concentrations indicated groundwater was relatively old across the aquifer systems, with an estimated mean age of about 30,000 years. Estimates of groundwater age were related to hydrogeology, with increasing groundwater ages associated with greater depth, confinement, and distance from the recharge zone. Young groundwater with mean ages less than 2,000 years generally was in unconfined parts of the aquifer system, except for local areas of heavy groundwater extraction from unconfined aquifer units where estimated mean ages were up to 15,000 years. Lumped parameter model optimized age distributions describe the relative contribution of differing flow paths to the mean age, and a composite distribution of all samples from the three aquifer systems indicated that about 15 percent of the total sampled water had an age of less than 100 years. Various metrics of susceptibility, to land surface and geogenic contamination sources, derived from the age distributions, indicated geogenic sources as the primary threat to groundwater quality in the aquifer systems. Values of the susceptibility index (unitless) and fraction of recharge since 2,000 and 15,000 years before present are provided for assessment of individual well susceptibility. The data and interpretation methods presented here provide an additional means of investigating the susceptibility and sustainability of groundwater resources of the Southeastern Coastal Plain, Mississippi embayment–Texas coastal uplands, and the Coastal Lowlands aquifer systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20205050","collaboration":"National Water-Quality ProgramNAWQA Science Team
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, MS 413
Reston, VA 20192–0002
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120200201","usgsCitation":"Hough, S.E., Ross, Z.E., and Dawson, T., 2020, Introduction to the Special Issue on the 2019 Ridgecrest, California, Earthquake Sequence: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 110, no. 4, p. 1395-1399, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120200201.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1395","endPage":"1399","ipdsId":"IP-119483","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":482154,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Ridgecrest","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.84463534796981,\n 35.703354079218656\n ],\n [\n -117.84463534796981,\n 35.534977065306975\n ],\n [\n -117.55394107005387,\n 35.534977065306975\n ],\n [\n -117.55394107005387,\n 35.703354079218656\n ],\n [\n -117.84463534796981,\n 35.703354079218656\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"110","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-07-21","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hough, Susan E. 0000-0002-5980-2986","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5980-2986","contributorId":263442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hough","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":927644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ross, Zachary E.","contributorId":196001,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ross","given":"Zachary","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":927645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dawson, Timothy E.","contributorId":304669,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dawson","given":"Timothy E.","affiliations":[{"id":12640,"text":"California Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":927646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70212893,"text":"70212893 - 2020 - Genomic architecture and repertoire of the rainbow trout immunoglobulin light chain genes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-01T23:52:52.055864","indexId":"70212893","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-20T18:51:01","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1383,"text":"Developmental and Comparative Immunology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genomic architecture and repertoire of the rainbow trout immunoglobulin light chain genes","docAbstract":"The genomic loci encoding the four immunoglobulin light chains (IgL1, IgL2, IgL3, and IgL4) in the Swanson trout genome assembly were annotated in order to provide a measurement of the potential IgL repertoire. IgL1 and IgL3 gene segments are co-localized on chromosomes 21, 18, 15, and 7 while IgL2 and IgL4 were found on chromosomes 13 and 17, respectively. In total, 48 constant (CL), 87 variable (VL), and 59 joining (JL) productive genes are described. Pairwise alignment of the VL segments revealed that they belong to nine different families, three of which (kappa IV, V, and VI) are described for the first time in this study. VL and CL sequences on chromosome 15 and 21 and those on chromosomes 7 and 18 clustered together in phylogenetic analysis. PCR was used to examine IgL CL and VL genes in 9 lines of rainbow trout. IgL4 in the Hot Creek and Golden trout lines was missing 42 nucleotides resulting in a loss of 14 amino acids. The sigma IV variable family was completely absent from the Swanson, Arlee, Hot Creek, and wild type lines and silenced in the Skamania line with the addition of 176 bp mini-satellite insert. Similarly, the Whale Rock, Arlee, and wild type lines were all found to encode two sigma II products, a functional 252 bp product and a larger 425 bp product that contained a 172 bp insert. Results from this study indicate that there are genomic differences in IgL repertoire between different lines of trout that could affect humoral immune responses post vaccination and during disease.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2020.103776","usgsCitation":"Rego, K., Hansen, J.D., and Bromage, E., 2020, Genomic architecture and repertoire of the rainbow trout immunoglobulin light chain genes: Developmental and Comparative Immunology, v. 113, 103776, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dci.2020.103776.","productDescription":"103776, 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-118025","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455936,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dci.2020.103776","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":378078,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rego, Katherine","contributorId":223250,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rego","given":"Katherine","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40692,"text":"Department of Biology University of Massachusetts Dartmouth","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":797782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hansen, John D. 0000-0002-3006-2734","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3006-2734","contributorId":220725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"John","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":797783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bromage, Erin S","contributorId":223254,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bromage","given":"Erin S","affiliations":[{"id":40692,"text":"Department of Biology University of Massachusetts Dartmouth","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":797784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70211367,"text":"70211367 - 2020 - A new species of freshwater mussel in the genus Popenaias Frierson, 1927, from the Gulf coastal rivers of central Mexico (Bivalvia: Unionida: Unionidae) with comments on the genus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-28T21:07:16.128897","indexId":"70211367","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-20T16:02:33","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3814,"text":"Zootaxa","onlineIssn":"1175-5334","printIssn":"1175-5326","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"A new species of freshwater mussel in the genus Popenaias Frierson, 1927, from the Gulf coastal rivers of central Mexico (Bivalvia: Unionida: Unionidae) with comments on the genus","title":"A new species of freshwater mussel in the genus Popenaias Frierson, 1927, from the Gulf coastal rivers of central Mexico (Bivalvia: Unionida: Unionidae) with comments on the genus","docAbstract":"The Gulf coastal drainages of central Mexico are a faunal transition zone between North and South America and harbor a unique assemblage of freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionida). However, little information is available regarding the taxonomy, distribution, and evolutionary history of the Mexican mussel fauna due to limited sampling over the last 100 years. To address these knowledge gaps, we evaluated species-level diversity in the genus Popenaias Frierson, 1927, in Mexican Gulf coastal drainages as part of a larger effort to inform conservation efforts for members of this genus both in Mexico and the United States of America. Based on our analyses, we describe Popenaias berezai n. sp. from the Río Valles of the Río Pánuco basin, San Luis Potosí, Mexico. We also provide presumptive distributional range, phylogenetic structure, and molecular and morphological diagnoses of the new species and provide comments on the other species currently in Popenaias. Our findings highlight the high levels of endemism among freshwater mussels in Mexican Gulf coastal drainages and will help guide impending conservation actions for P. popeii, which is listed as “endangered” in the United States.
Adjustments to rearing practices should be justified with increases in production, stocking success, or angler satisfaction. Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) production was assessed between hatchery ponds where fish were restricted to an invertebrate diet or received supplemental fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) forage during 2015. At harvest, age-0 bass yield was 4.5 times greater and average fish length was 38 mm longer, in the pond that received fathead minnow. In 2016, a second study evaluated the timing of minnow supplementation that included earlier stockings of small fathead minnow (< 30 mm) compared to delayed supplementation with larger (> 30 mm) minnows. With earlier supplementation, bass yield was 2.3 times greater and fish averaged 14 mm longer at harvest. Bass survival was approximately 38% higher during 2015 when supplementation occurred and 25% higher during 2016 when minnow supplementation began earlier. Our findings show invertebrate forage was probably limiting bass production in hatchery ponds and supplementing with appropriately-sized fathead minnows increased age-0, largemouth bass production.
","language":"English","publisher":"Scientific research","doi":"10.4236/ojas.2020.103020","usgsCitation":"Chipps, S.R., and Ward, M.J., 2020, Availability and timing of fathead minnow supplementation influence largemouth bass survival and production in rearing ponds: Open Journal of Animal Sciences, v. 10, no. 3, p. 337-345, https://doi.org/10.4236/ojas.2020.103020.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"337","endPage":"345","ipdsId":"IP-118304","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455939,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojas.2020.103020","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":395935,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","city":"Waubay","otherGeospatial":"Blue Dog State Fish Hatchery","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.3110580444336,\n 45.32753043597215\n ],\n [\n -97.29183197021484,\n 45.32753043597215\n ],\n [\n -97.29183197021484,\n 45.33440918070839\n ],\n [\n -97.3110580444336,\n 45.33440918070839\n ],\n [\n -97.3110580444336,\n 45.32753043597215\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chipps, Steven R. 0000-0001-6511-7582 steve_chipps@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6511-7582","contributorId":2243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chipps","given":"Steven","email":"steve_chipps@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":834684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ward, Matthew J.","contributorId":276247,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ward","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":56941,"text":"South Dakot Game Fish and Parks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70228496,"text":"70228496 - 2020 - Decision analysis for greater insights into the development and evaluation of Chinook salmon restoration strategies in California’s Central Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-11T19:20:22.507864","indexId":"70228496","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-20T13:12:57","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Decision analysis for greater insights into the development and evaluation of Chinook salmon restoration strategies in California’s Central Valley","docAbstract":"Considerable amounts of resources have been invested in ecological restoration projects across the globe to restore ecosystem integrity. Restoration strategies are often diverse and have been met with mixed success. In this paper, we describe the Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) decision-support models developed by the Central Valley Project Improvement Act Science Integration Team as part of a larger structured decision making effort aimed at maximizing natural adult production of Chinook salmon in California’s Central Valley, USA. We then describe the decision analytic tools the stakeholder group used to solve the models and explore model results, including stochastic dynamic programming, forward simulation, proportional scoring, relative loss, expected value of perfect information, response profile analyses, and indifference curves. Using these tools, the stakeholder group was able to develop and evaluate restoration strategies for multiple Chinook salmon runs simultaneously, a first for the restoration program. We found that actions targeted at one run were detrimental to others, which was unexpected. Furthermore, information uncovered during this process was used to direct efforts towards targeted research/monitoring to reduce critical uncertainties in salmon demographic rates and make better restoration decisions moving forward. The decision sciences have established a wide range of analytical tools and approaches to simplify complex problems into key components, and we believe the concepts described in this paper are of great interest and can be applied by many restoration practitioners that undoubtedly face similar difficulties when implementing restoration strategies for complex systems.","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Ecological Restoration","doi":"10.1111/rec.13244","usgsCitation":"Peterson, J., and Duarte, A., 2020, Decision analysis for greater insights into the development and evaluation of Chinook salmon restoration strategies in California’s Central Valley: Restoration Ecology, v. 28, no. 6, p. 1596-1609, https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.13244.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1596","endPage":"1609","ipdsId":"IP-117068","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455941,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.13244","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":395858,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.629150390625,\n 37.23470197166817\n ],\n [\n -119.0643310546875,\n 37.23470197166817\n ],\n [\n -119.0643310546875,\n 39.11727568585598\n ],\n [\n -123.629150390625,\n 39.11727568585598\n ],\n [\n -123.629150390625,\n 37.23470197166817\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-10-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, James T. 0000-0002-7709-8590 james_peterson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7709-8590","contributorId":2111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"James","email":"james_peterson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":834448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duarte, Adam","contributorId":275974,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duarte","given":"Adam","affiliations":[{"id":25426,"text":"OSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70262001,"text":"70262001 - 2020 - Trends in inland commercial fisheries in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-08T16:18:43.617084","indexId":"70262001","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-20T10:08:41","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5686,"text":"Fisheries Magazine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trends in inland commercial fisheries in the United States","docAbstract":"Inland fisheries, defined as finfish caught in lakes, rivers, and other water bodies, provide economic value and a source of protein at local and international levels. However, no comprehensive compilation of U.S. inland commercial fisheries exists. We sought to obtain data across all 50 states during 1990–2015 and noted a small, but significant, decline in harvest. The minimum harvest averaged 41,427 tonnes during 2009–2015 and peaked in 1995 with a minimum harvest of 49,951 tonnes. During 2009–2015, harvest and taxonomic composition varied regionally: eastern interior (the highest regional harvest, dominated by coregonines and carp), western interior (carp and Clupeidae), Gulf (catfish and Clupeidae), Pacific (salmonines), and Atlantic (the lowest regional harvest, dominated by catfish and Clupeidae). Our data compilation of commercial landings was more than double the current limited national inland harvest statistics, which might be indicative of an under appreciation for the value of inland fisheries that can have consequences when policy decisions are made regarding competing sectors for water usage.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/fsh.10483","usgsCitation":"Murray, D.N., Bunnell, D.B., Rogers, M.W., Lynch, A., Beard, and Funge-Smith, S., 2020, Trends in inland commercial fisheries in the United States: Fisheries Magazine, v. 45, no. 11, p. 585-596, https://doi.org/10.1002/fsh.10483.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"585","endPage":"596","ipdsId":"IP-107636","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":465881,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n 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0000-0003-1429-6669","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1429-6669","contributorId":223909,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murray","given":"Devin","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":37387,"text":"University of Michigan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":922640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bunnell, David B. 0000-0003-3521-7747 dbunnell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3521-7747","contributorId":195888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunnell","given":"David","email":"dbunnell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":922641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rogers, Mark W. 0000-0001-7205-5623 mwrogers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7205-5623","contributorId":4590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"Mark","email":"mwrogers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":922642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lynch, Abigail 0000-0001-8449-8392 ajlynch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8449-8392","contributorId":169460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lynch","given":"Abigail","email":"ajlynch@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":922643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Beard, Jr. 0000-0003-2632-2350 dbeard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2632-2350","contributorId":169459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beard","suffix":"Jr.","email":"dbeard@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":922644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Funge-Smith, Simon 0000-0001-9974-5333","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9974-5333","contributorId":245642,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Funge-Smith","given":"Simon","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":32888,"text":"Food and Agriculture organization of the United Nations","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":922645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70211307,"text":"70211307 - 2020 - On the use of receiver operating character tests for evaluating spatial earthquake forecasts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-10T20:11:59.974668","indexId":"70211307","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-20T09:00:14","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the use of receiver operating character tests for evaluating spatial earthquake forecasts","docAbstract":"Spatial forecasts of triggered earthquake distributions have been ranked using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) tests. The test is a binary comparison between regions of positive and negative forecast against positive and negative presence of earthquakes. Forecasts predicting only positive changes score higher than Coulomb methods, which predict positive and negative changes. I hypothesize that removing the possibility of failures in negative forecast realms yields better ROC scores. I create a ‘perfect’ Coulomb forecast where all earthquakes only fall into positive stress change areas and compare with an informationless all-positive forecast. The ‘perfect’ Coulomb forecast barely beats the informationless forecast, and adding as few as 4 earthquakes occurring in the negative stress regions causes the Coulomb forecast to be no better than an informationless forecast under a ROC test. ROC tests also suffer from data imbalance when applied to earthquake forecasts because there are many more negative cases than positive.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2020GL088570","usgsCitation":"Parsons, T.E., 2020, On the use of receiver operating character tests for evaluating spatial earthquake forecasts: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 47, no. 17, e2020GL088570, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL088570.","productDescription":"e2020GL088570, 7 p.","ipdsId":"IP-118312","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":376662,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-08-28","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parsons, Thomas E. 0000-0002-0582-4338 tparsons@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0582-4338","contributorId":2314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"Thomas","email":"tparsons@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":793682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70213093,"text":"70213093 - 2020 - ShakeAlert Earthquake Early Warning System Performance During the 2019 Ridgecrest Earthquake Sequence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-09T15:43:45.358709","indexId":"70213093","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-20T08:47:17","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"ShakeAlert Earthquake Early Warning System Performance During the 2019 Ridgecrest Earthquake Sequence","docAbstract":"During July 2019, a sequence of earthquakes including a Mw6.4 foreshock and a Mw7.1 mainshock occurred near Ridgecrest, California. ShakeAlert, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) ShakeAlert public Earthquake Early Warning (EEW) system being developed for the U.S. West Coast, was operational during this time, though public alerting was only available within LA County. ShakeAlert created alert messages for many of the earthquakes, including the two largest events, and for many of the larger aftershocks. In this study, we dissect log files and replay data through the system to reconstruct the sequence of events and analyze the performance of the system during that time period. While the system performed reasonably well overall, the sequence also revealed various issues and short comings that will be addressed in impending and future system upgrades, with most parts of the system working as they should. ShakeAlert correctly detected and rapidly characterized both the Mw6.4 and Mw7.1 earthquakes within 6.9 s of their origin times and created alert messages that were available to ShakeAlert’s pilot users. No public alerts were sent out by the ShakeAlertLA cellphone app (the only publicly available alerting method at the time) because the predicted shaking for LA County was below the app’s alerting threshold of MMI 4.0. For the Mw6.4 event this was accurate. For the Mw7.1 event, public alerts for LA County were warranted, but ShakeAlert underpredicted the shaking levels because both the point-source and the finite-fault algorithms underestimated the magnitude of the earthquake by 0.8 units. A number of software and hardware issues that were responsible for the magnitude underestimation of the mainshock have been identified and will be addressed in future ShakeAlert releases. We also analyze the hypothetical alerting performance of ShakeAlert had public alerting been available throughout southern California with a lower alerting threshold of 〖MMI〗_alert=2.5MMI 2.5. We find that, despite the magnitude underestimation, ShakeAlert could have provided timely warnings to a large fraction of affected sites, including some of the near-epicentral sites with high ground motion intensities.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120200032","usgsCitation":"Chung, A., Meier, M., Andrews, J., Bose, M., Crowell, B., McGuire, J., and Smith, D., 2020, ShakeAlert Earthquake Early Warning System Performance During the 2019 Ridgecrest Earthquake Sequence: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 110, p. 1904-1923, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120200032.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1904","endPage":"1923","ipdsId":"IP-115548","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455944,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200727-125421047","text":"External Repository"},{"id":378269,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Ridgecrest","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.77069091796875,\n 35.552339944156195\n ],\n [\n -117.57843017578126,\n 35.552339944156195\n ],\n [\n -117.57843017578126,\n 35.67068501330236\n ],\n [\n -117.77069091796875,\n 35.67068501330236\n ],\n [\n -117.77069091796875,\n 35.552339944156195\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"110","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-07-21","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chung, Angela","contributorId":141196,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chung","given":"Angela","affiliations":[{"id":6986,"text":"Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meier, Men-Andrin","contributorId":201882,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meier","given":"Men-Andrin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13711,"text":"Caltech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Andrews, Jennifer","contributorId":187764,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Andrews","given":"Jennifer","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":798236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bose, Maren","contributorId":222639,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bose","given":"Maren","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40575,"text":"Swiss Seismological Service, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich (ETH Zürich), Zürich, Switzerland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Crowell, Brendan","contributorId":171723,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crowell","given":"Brendan","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McGuire, Jeffrey J. 0000-0001-9235-2166","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9235-2166","contributorId":219786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"Jeffrey J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":798239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Smith, Deborah 0000-0002-8317-7762","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8317-7762","contributorId":201885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Deborah","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":798240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70212824,"text":"70212824 - 2020 - Tropical understory herbaceous community responds more strongly to hurricane disturbance than to experimental warming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-31T13:12:01.527477","indexId":"70212824","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-20T08:09:14","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tropical understory herbaceous community responds more strongly to hurricane disturbance than to experimental warming","docAbstract":"The effects of climate change on tropical forests may have global consequences due to the forests’ high biodiversity and major role in the global carbon cycle. In this study, we document the effects of experimental warming on the abundance and composition of a tropical forest floor herbaceous plant community in the Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico. This study was conducted within Tropical Responses to Altered Climate Experiment (TRACE) plots, which use infrared heaters under free‐air, open‐field conditions, to warm understory vegetation and soils + 4°C above nearby control plots. Hurricanes Irma and María damaged the heating infrastructure in the second year of warming, therefore, the study included one pretreatment year, one year of warming, and one year of hurricane response with no warming. We measured percent leaf cover of individual herbaceous species, fern population dynamics, and species richness and diversity within three warmed and three control plots. Results showed that one year of experimental warming did not significantly affect the cover of individual herbaceous species, fern population dynamics, species richness, or species diversity. In contrast, herbaceous cover increased from 20% to 70%, bare ground decreased from 70% to 6%, and species composition shifted pre to posthurricane. The negligible effects of warming may have been due to the short duration of the warming treatment or an understory that is somewhat resistant to higher temperatures. Our results suggest that climate extremes that are predicted to increase with climate change, such as hurricanes and droughts, may cause more abrupt changes in tropical forest understories than longer‐term sustained warming.
Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758), is a highly invasive species that has had profound effects on biodiversity and ecosystem services. Many Carp management methods have been applied including physical removal, pesticide treatments of whole lakes, and water drawdowns. Herein, we tested key elements of a potential “bait and switch” approach in which corn could be used to induce feeding aggregations of Carp and then switched for corn pellets with a pesticide Antimycin-A (ANT-A) to selectively target the Carp. First, laboratory experiments were used to determine if addition of lethal concentrations of ANT-A to corn pellets deterred Carp from eating corn-based food pellets. Second, a pond experiment tested if a corn-based bait containing ANT-A functioned as a species-specific Carp management tool in a semi-natural environment with three common native fishes: White Sucker (Catostomus commersonii Lacepède, 1803), Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens Mitchill, 1814), and Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque, 1819). The use of baited sites by Carp and native species was monitored using passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags. Mortality of each species and presence of corn in their digestive tracts was also monitored. Our laboratory experiment showed that presence of ANT-A did not deter Carp from consuming the pellets. The pond experiment showed that only Carp perished in significant numbers once toxic bait was applied. Further, only Carp increased their use of baited sites once baiting began, and only Carp had corn in their digestive tracts. Overall, our results indicate that corn might function as a species-specific Carp attractant in systems of North American Midwest and that corn-based bait can be used to effectively conceal a lethal dose of ANT-A. Further research is necessary to refine this potential management tool, specifically investigating the behavioral and social dynamics of Carp aggregating at sites baited with corn to enhance the temporal and spatial specificity of pesticide application.z |
Eggshell thickness is important for physiological, ecological, and ecotoxicological studies on birds; however, empirical eggshell thickness measurements for many species and regions are limited. We measured eggshell thickness at the equator and the egg poles for 12 avian species and related eggshell thickness to egg morphometrics, embryonic development, egg status, and mercury contamination. Within an egg, eggshells were approximately 5.1% thicker at the equator than the sharp pole of the egg, although this difference varied among species (0.6%–9.8%). Within Forster's tern (Sterna forsteri), where eggshell thickness was measured at 5 equally spaced positions along the longitude of the egg, eggshell thickness changed more rapidly near the sharp pole of the egg compared to near the blunt pole of the egg. Within species, eggshell thickness was related to egg width and egg volume for six of the 12 species but was not related to egg length for any species. Among species, mean eggshell thickness was strongly related to species mean egg width, egg length, egg volume, and bird body mass, although species mean body mass was the strongest predictor of species mean eggshell thickness. Using three species (American avocet [Recurvirostra americana], black‐necked stilt [Himantopus mexicanus], and Forster's tern), whose nests were carefully monitored, eggshell thickness (including the eggshell membrane) did not differ among viable, naturally abandoned, dead, or failed‐to‐hatch eggs; was not related to total mercury concentrations of the egg content; and did not decrease with embryonic age. Our study also provides a review of all existing eggshell thickness data for these 12 species.
Late Cenozoic cooling and changes in glacial–interglacial cycle tempo are thought to increase global rates of erosion starting ~3 million years ago (Ma). Bedrock rivers set rates and patterns of erosion in most landscapes, but constraints on river response to late Cenozoic climate change remain elusive. Here, we determine cosmogenic isotope and luminescence ages of well-preserved bedrock terraces along the Fortymile River (Yukon River basin) to reconstruct an ~5 Myr history of fluvial adjustment to late Cenozoic climate and Yukon River headwater capture at 2.6 Ma. Post-capture Yukon River downcutting lowered the Fortymile River outlet, forcing subsequent bedrock incision throughout the Fortymile basin in two pulses, from 2.4 to 1.8 Ma and at ~1 Ma. These pulses of incision disrupted longer intervals of slow river channel sedimentation under near-consistent climate forcing from 4.8 to 2.4 Ma and from 1.8 to ~1 Ma. The Fortymile River delivers sediment to the Bering Sea, where provenance and accumulation rate changes since 4.3 Ma match observed variations in incision. Our results link alluviation and incision to late Cenozoic climate steadiness and change, respectively, and support the hypothesis that climate-forced changes in precipitation and runoff fundamentally control the pace of river incision and landscape erosion.
As rising sea levels alter coastal ecosystems, there is a pressing need to examine the effects of saltwater intrusion on coastal communities. Using 16S Illumina profiling, we characterized the communities of baldcypress tree (Taxodium distichum) root endosphere and rhizosphere soil bacteria. Our study utilized established sites along salinity and flooding gradients in the United States of Georgia, Louisiana, and South Carolina. We hypothesized that environmental variables, namely salinity and water level, as well as distance between sites would be correlated with baldcypress-associated rhizosphere and root endosphere bacterial communities. We found that geographic distance correlated with rhizosphere but not root endosphere bacterial communities, suggesting that the trees may have stabilized their endosphere communities via recruitment of a more specific suite of taxa from the surrounding soil. Mean water level, mean salinity, and the volume of woody debris were associated with both endosphere and rhizosphere bacterial communities in baldcypress trees. The density of host trees was also associated with endosphere community composition. Our study is the first to use 16S Illumina sequencing to characterize bacterial communities in baldcypress trees— a key restoration species in coastal swamp ecosystems under threat from rising sea levels.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s13157-020-01338-w","usgsCitation":"Lumibao, C.Y., Kimbrough, E., Formel, S., Day, R., From, A., Conner, W.H., Krauss, K., and Van Bael, S.A., 2020, Salinity, water level, and forest structure contribute to baldcypress (Taxodium distichum) rhizosphere and endosphere community structure: Wetlands, v. 40, p. 2179-2188, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-020-01338-w.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2179","endPage":"2188","ipdsId":"IP-109531","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":376708,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana, Georgia, South Carolina","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n 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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":793805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Conner, William H.","contributorId":79376,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Conner","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":7084,"text":"Clemson University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":793806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Krauss, Ken 0000-0003-2195-0729","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2195-0729","contributorId":219653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krauss","given":"Ken","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":793807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Van Bael, Sunshine A 0000-0001-7317-3533","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7317-3533","contributorId":228832,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Van 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disease epidemics present a difficult task for policymakers, requiring the implementation of control strategies under significant time constraints and uncertainty. Mathematical models can be used to predict the outcome of control interventions, providing useful information to policymakers in the event of such an epidemic. However, these models suffer in the early stages of an outbreak from a lack of accurate, relevant information regarding the dynamics and spread of the disease and the efficacy of control. As such, recommendations provided by these models are often incorporated in an ad hoc fashion, as and when more reliable information becomes available. In this work, we show that such trial-and-error-type approaches to management, which do not formally take into account the resolution of uncertainty and how control actions affect this, can lead to sub-optimal management outcomes. We compare three approaches to managing a theoretical epidemic: a non-adaptive management (AM) approach that does not use real-time outbreak information to adapt control, a passive AM approach that incorporates real-time information if and when it becomes available, and an active AM approach that explicitly incorporates the future resolution of uncertainty through gathering real-time information into its initial recommendations. The structured framework of active AM encourages the specification of quantifiable objectives, models of system behaviour and possible control and monitoring actions, followed by an iterative learning and control phase that is able to employ complex control optimisations and resolve system uncertainty. The result is a management framework that is able to provide dynamic, long-term projections to help policymakers meet the objectives of management. We investigate in detail the effect of different methods of incorporating up-to-date outbreak information. We find that, even in a highly simplified system, the method of incorporating new data can lead to different results that may influence initial policy decisions, with an active AM approach to management providing better information that can lead to more desirable outcomes from an epidemic.
Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) supports terrestrial primary productivity and plays key roles in mediating human-induced changes in global nitrogen (N) and carbon cycling. However, there are still critical uncertainties in our understanding of the amount of BNF occurring across terrestrial ecosystems, and of how terrestrial BNF will respond to global change. We synthesized BNF data from Latin America, a region reported to sustain some of the highest BNF rates on Earth, but that is underrepresented in previous data syntheses. We used meta-analysis and modeling approaches to estimate BNF rates across Latin America's major biomes and to evaluate the potential effects of increased N deposition and land-use change on these rates. Unmanaged tropical and subtropical moist forests sustained observed and predicted total BNF rates of 10 ± 1 and 14 ± 1 kg N ha−1 y−1, respectively, supporting the hypothesis that these forests sustain lower BNF rates than previously thought. Free-living BNF accounted for two-thirds of the total BNF in these forests. Despite an average 30% reduction of free-living BNF in response to experimental N-addition, our results suggest free-living BNF rate responses to current and projected N deposition across tropical and subtropical moist forests are small. In contrast, the conversion of unmanaged ecosystems to crop and pasture lands increased BNF rates across all terrestrial biomes, mostly in savannas, grasslands, and dry forests, increasing BNF rates 2-fold. The information obtained here provides a more comprehensive understanding of BNF patterns for Latin America.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140998","usgsCitation":"Reis, C., Pacheco, F.S., Reed, S., Tejada, G., Nardoto, G.B., Forti, M.C., and Ometto, J., 2020, Biological nitrogen fixation across major biomes in Latin America: Patterns and global change effects: Science of the Total Environment, v. 746, 140998, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140998.","productDescription":"140998, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-120603","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455961,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140998","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":378396,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Latin America","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -62.22656249999999,\n -55.77657301866769\n ],\n [\n -65.7421875,\n -52.26815737376816\n ],\n [\n -32.34375,\n -5.615985819155327\n ],\n [\n -66.09375,\n 13.923403897723347\n ],\n [\n -78.3984375,\n 12.211180191503997\n ],\n [\n -87.1875,\n 22.917922936146045\n ],\n [\n -98.0859375,\n 24.5271348225978\n ],\n [\n -97.03125,\n 26.03704188651584\n ],\n [\n -98.87695312499999,\n 26.588527147308614\n ],\n [\n -102.216796875,\n 29.916852233070173\n ],\n [\n -103.271484375,\n 28.998531814051795\n ],\n [\n -106.25976562499999,\n 31.50362930577303\n ],\n [\n -109.072265625,\n 31.203404950917395\n ],\n [\n -114.43359375,\n 32.76880048488168\n ],\n [\n -117.333984375,\n 32.47269502206151\n ],\n [\n -115.31249999999999,\n 27.137368359795584\n ],\n [\n -110.21484375,\n 22.43134015636061\n ],\n [\n -101.77734374999999,\n 16.97274101999902\n ],\n [\n -95.2734375,\n 14.604847155053898\n ],\n [\n -94.306640625,\n 15.453680224345835\n ],\n [\n -91.7578125,\n 13.325484885597936\n ],\n [\n -87.5390625,\n 12.46876014482322\n ],\n [\n -85.078125,\n 8.059229627200192\n ],\n [\n -80.947265625,\n 6.140554782450308\n ],\n [\n -78.134765625,\n 3.2502085616531686\n ],\n [\n -82.96875,\n -0.4394488164139641\n ],\n [\n -81.298828125,\n -8.49410453755187\n ],\n [\n -75.05859375,\n -18.646245142670598\n ],\n [\n -72.24609375,\n -19.808054128088575\n ],\n [\n -75.05859375,\n -39.368279149160124\n ],\n [\n -76.2890625,\n -47.39834920035925\n ],\n [\n -73.125,\n -52.908902047770255\n ],\n [\n -70.48828125,\n -55.87531083569677\n ],\n [\n -62.22656249999999,\n -55.77657301866769\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"746","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reis, Carla R. 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Magmatic crystallization of oceanic crust in the CAO at ~ 91 Ma coincided with high-grade metamorphism of rocks that underlie the southern, highest grade part of the CAO, raising questions about the tectonic relationship of the ophiolite to underlying metasedimentary and plutonic rocks. New geochronology results show that the 40Ar/39Ar hornblende age of amphibolite-facies metagabbro in the high-grade metamorphic part of the CAO is ~ 87 Ma, similar to hornblende ages from amphibolite in the underlying Niğde metamorphic/plutonic massif. Biotite in a deformed quartzofeldspathic rock associated with high-grade meta-ophiolitic rocks yielded an 40Ar–39Ar age of ~ 78 Ma, similar to biotite ages from the Niğde Massif. Hornblende in gabbro from unmetamorphosed CAO yielded an older 40Ar/39Ar age of ~ 90 Ma, similar to the previously determined crystallization age of the ophiolite. These data indicate that the southern part of the ophiolite was incorporated into and therefore metamorphosed and deformed with the orogenic mid-crust now exposed in the Niğde metamorphic–plutonic complex, whereas the northern, unmetamorphosed part of the ophiolite was obducted onto the continent. This distinct difference in different parts of the ophiolite may indicate oblique collision or irregularities in the continental margin, resulting in part of the ophiolite being incorporated into the orogenic crust and subsequently exhumed and cooled with it, and another part being obducted.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00531-020-01908-7","usgsCitation":"Radwany, M.S., Morgan, L.E., and Whitney, D.L., 2020, Conditions and timing of high-grade metamorphism and ductile deformation of the southern segment of the Central Anatolian Ophiolite: International Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 109, p. 2393-2406, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-020-01908-7.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2393","endPage":"2406","ipdsId":"IP-114200","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":436869,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P930AI0C","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Argon data for Central Anatolian Ophiolite"},{"id":376659,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Turkey","otherGeospatial":"Anatolia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 34.1455078125,\n 38.324420427006544\n ],\n [\n 38.47412109375,\n 38.324420427006544\n ],\n [\n 38.47412109375,\n 40.12009038025332\n ],\n [\n 34.1455078125,\n 40.12009038025332\n ],\n [\n 34.1455078125,\n 38.324420427006544\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"109","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-07-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Radwany, Molly S.","contributorId":201104,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Radwany","given":"Molly","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":793663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morgan, Leah E. 0000-0001-9930-524X lemorgan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9930-524X","contributorId":176174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"Leah","email":"lemorgan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":793665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Whitney, Donna L.","contributorId":187715,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whitney","given":"Donna","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":793664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70211361,"text":"70211361 - 2020 - Characterization of the unconventional Tuscaloosa marine shale reservoir in southwestern Mississippi, USA: Insights from optical and SEM petrography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-28T17:54:08.531487","indexId":"70211361","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-18T12:29:20","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization of the unconventional Tuscaloosa marine shale reservoir in southwestern Mississippi, USA: Insights from optical and SEM petrography","docAbstract":"This study presents new optical petrography and electron microscopy data, interpreted in the context of previously published petrophysical, geochemical, and mineralogical data, to further characterize the Tuscaloosa marine shale (TMS) as an unconventional reservoir in southwestern Mississippi. The basal high resistivity zone has a higher proportion of Type II sedimentary organic matter than the overlying TMS, indicating it is more prone to oil generation. Optical petrography and electron microscopy reveal a heterogeneous clay matrix with ubiquitous pyrite grains, quartz, feldspar, glaucony, foraminifera, shell fragments, and rarer occurrences of apatite and crinoid fragments as well as liptinite, alginite, inertinite, and vitrinite. Our petrographic observations suggest that higher abundances of detrital quartz grains coupled with minimal authigenic cements result in higher porosity and permeability. However, the TMS is also more clay-rich than other unconventional shale oil and gas plays, which can impair the effectiveness of hydraulic fracture stimulation. Thin section observations reveal alternating clay and calcium carbonate laminae that are interpreted to reflect changes in sediment flux. Planktonic foraminifera indicate an overlying oxygenated water column while benthic inoceramid fragments and pervasive authigenic pyrite suggest anoxic or dysoxic bottom water conditions. Apatite fragments in thin section suggest mixing events and an influx of nutrient-rich sediments. Overall, these observations suggest that a variety of paleodepositional environments occurred in the TMS and the lithofacies diversity resulting from these small-scale depositional cycles makes it difficult to determinatively identify areas conducive to enhanced economic hydrocarbon recovery.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2020.104580","collaboration":"None","usgsCitation":"Lohr, C., Valentine, B.J., Hackley, P.C., and Dulong, F.T., 2020, Characterization of the unconventional Tuscaloosa marine shale reservoir in southwestern Mississippi, USA: Insights from optical and SEM petrography: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 121, 104580, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2020.104580.","productDescription":"104580, 24 p.","ipdsId":"IP-112257","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455967,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2020.104580","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":376788,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi, Lousianna","otherGeospatial":"Southwestern Mississippi","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.021484375,\n 30.012030680358613\n ],\n [\n -88.41796875,\n 30.012030680358613\n ],\n [\n -88.41796875,\n 32.02670629333614\n ],\n [\n -92.021484375,\n 32.02670629333614\n ],\n [\n -92.021484375,\n 30.012030680358613\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"121","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lohr, Celeste D. 0000-0001-6287-9047 clohr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6287-9047","contributorId":3866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lohr","given":"Celeste D.","email":"clohr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":794040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Valentine, Brett J. 0000-0002-8678-2431 bvalentine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8678-2431","contributorId":3846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valentine","given":"Brett","email":"bvalentine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":794041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hackley, Paul C. 0000-0002-5957-2551 phackley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5957-2551","contributorId":592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackley","given":"Paul","email":"phackley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":794042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dulong, Frank T. 0000-0001-7388-647X fdulong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7388-647X","contributorId":650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dulong","given":"Frank","email":"fdulong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":794043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70211221,"text":"70211221 - 2020 - Mapping croplands of Europe, Middle East, Russia, and Central Asia using Landsat 30-m data, machine learning algorithms and Google Earth Engine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-20T13:33:45.743932","indexId":"70211221","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-18T07:32:44","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1958,"text":"ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping croplands of Europe, Middle East, Russia, and Central Asia using Landsat 30-m data, machine learning algorithms and Google Earth Engine","docAbstract":"Accurate and timely information on croplands is important for environmental, food security, and policy studies. Spatially explicit cropland datasets are also required to derive information on crop type, crop yield, cropping intensity, as well as irrigated areas. Large area defined as continental to global cropland mapping is challenging due to differential manifestation of croplands, wide range of cultivation practices and limited reference data availability. This study presents the results of a cropland extent mapping of 64 Countriescovering large parts of Europe, Middle East, Russia and Central Asia. To cover such a vast area, roughly 160,000 Landsat scenes from 3,351 footprints between 2014 and 2016 were processed within the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud-platform. We used the pixel-based supervised Random Forest (RF) machine learning algorithm with a set of satellite data inputs capturing diverse spectral, temporal and topographical characteristics across twelve agroecological zones (AEZs). The reference data to train the classification model were collected from very high spatial resolution imagery (VHRI) and ancillary datasets. The result is a binary map showing cultivated/non-cultivated areas ca. 2015. The map produced an overall accuracy of 94 percent with roughly 14 percent omission and commission errors for the cropland class based on a large set of independent validation samples. The map suggests the entire study area has a total 546 million hectares (Mha) of croplands occupying 18 percent of the land area. Comparison between national cropland area estimates from United Nations Food and Agricultural Organizations (FAO) and those derived from this work also showed an R-square value of 0.95. For the entire Landsat-derived 30-m product the overall accuracy was 93.8% with cropland class providing producers accuracy of 86.5% (errors of omissions = 13.5%) and users accuracy of 85.7% (errors of commissions = 14.3%). This Landsat-derived 30-m cropland product (GFSAD30) provided 10-30% greater cropland areas compared to UN FAO in the 64 Countries. Finally, the map-to-map comparison between GFSAD30 with several other cropland products revealed that the best similarity matrix was with the 30m global land cover (GLC30) product providing an overall accuracy of 88.8 percent (Kappa 0.7) with producers cropland similarity of 89.2 percent (errors of omissions = 10.8%) and users cropland similarity of 81.8 percent (errors of commissions = 8.1%). GFSAD30 captured the missing croplands in GLC30 product around significantly irrigated agricultural areas in Germany and Belgium and rainfed agriculture in Italy. This study also established that the real strength of GFSAD30 product, compared to other products, were in: 1. Identifying precise location of croplands, and 2. Capturing fragmented croplands. The cropland extent map dataset is available through NASAs Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center (LP DAAC) at https://doi.org/10.5067/MEaSUREs/GFSAD/GFSAD30EUCEARUMECE.001, while the training and reference data as well as visualization are available at the Global CroplandsLake Sinai Viruses (LSV) are common RNA viruses of honey bees (Apis mellifera) that frequently reach high abundance but are not linked to overt disease. LSVs are genetically heterogeneous and collectively widespread, but despite frequent detection in surveys, the ecological and geographic factors structuring their distribution in A. mellifera are not understood. Even less is known about their distribution in other species. Better understanding of LSV prevalence and ecology have been hampered by high sequence diversity within the LSV clade.
Here we report a new polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay that is compatible with currently known lineages with minimal primer degeneracy, producing an expected 365 bp amplicon suitable for end-point PCR and metagenetic sequencing. Using the Illumina MiSeq platform, we performed pilot metagenetic assessments of three sample sets, each representing a distinct variable that might structure LSV diversity (geography, tissue, and species).
The first sample set in our pilot assessment compared cDNA pools from managed A. mellifera hives in California (n = 8) and Maryland (n = 6) that had previously been evaluated for LSV2, confirming that the primers co-amplify divergent lineages in real-world samples. The second sample set included cDNA pools derived from different tissues (thorax vs. abdomen, n = 24 paired samples), collected from managed A. mellifera hives in North Dakota. End-point detection of LSV frequently differed between the two tissue types; LSV metagenetic composition was similar in one pair of sequenced samples but divergent in a second pair. Overall, LSV1 and intermediate lineages were common in these samples whereas variants clustering with LSV2 were rare. The third sample set included cDNA from individual pollinator specimens collected from diverse landscapes in the vicinity of Lincoln, Nebraska. We detected LSV in the bee Halictus ligatus (four of 63 specimens tested, 6.3%) at a similar rate as A. mellifera (nine of 115 specimens, 7.8%), but only one H. ligatus sequencing library yielded sufficient data for compositional analysis. Sequenced samples often contained multiple divergent LSV lineages, including individual specimens. While these studies were exploratory rather than statistically powerful tests of hypotheses, they illustrate the utility of high-throughput sequencing for understanding LSV transmission within and among species.
","language":"English","publisher":"PeerJ","doi":"10.7717/peerj.9424","usgsCitation":"Iwanowicz, D.D., Wu-Smart, J.Y., Olgun, T., Smart, A.H., Otto, C., Lopez, D., Evans, J.D., and Cornman, R.S., 2020, An updated genetic marker for detection of Lake Sinai Virus and metagenetic applications: PeerJ, v. 8, e9424, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9424.","productDescription":"e9424, 18 p.","ipdsId":"IP-117458","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455972,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9424","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436871,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9O9ZMA1","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Genetic detection of Lake Sinai 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A critical aspect of conservation biology is delineating patterns of genetic diversity, which can be difficult when a taxon has been extirpated from a significant portion of its historical range. In such cases, evaluating conservation and recovery options may benefit by using surrogate species as proxies when assessing overall patterns of genetic diversity. Here, we integrate the premise of surrogate species into a comparative phylogeographic framework to hypothesize genetic relationships between extant and extirpated populations of Potamilus inflatus by characterizing genetic structure in co-distributed congeners with similar life histories and dispersal capabilities. Our mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data exhibited variable patterns of genetic divergence between Potamilus spp. native to the Mobile and Pascagoula + Pearl + Pontchartrain (PPP) provinces. However, hierarchical Approximate Bayesian Computation indicated that the diversification between Mobile and PPP clades was synchronous and represents a genetic signature of a common history of vicariance. Recent fluctuations in sea-level appear to have caused Potamilus spp. in the PPP to form a single genetic cluster, providing justification for using individuals from the Amite River as a source of brood stock to re-establish extirpated populations of P. inflatus. Future studies utilizing eDNA and genome-wide molecular data are essential to better understand the distribution of P. inflatus and establish robust recovery plans. Given the imperilment status of freshwater mussels globally, our study represents a useful methodology for predicting relationships among extant and extirpated populations of imperiled species.","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/d12070281","usgsCitation":"Smith, C.H., and Johnson, N., 2020, A comparative phylogeographic approach to facilitate recovery of an imperiled freshwater mussel (Bivalvia: Unionida: Potamilus inflatus): Diversity, v. 12, no. 7, 281,21 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/d12070281.","productDescription":"281,21 p.","ipdsId":"IP-119251","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455974,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/d12070281","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436872,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9Q3CFL5","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Novel genetic resources to facilitate future molecular studies in freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae)"},{"id":376638,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.99951171875,\n 28.998531814051795\n ],\n [\n -85.69335937499999,\n 28.998531814051795\n ],\n [\n -85.69335937499999,\n 31.87755764334002\n ],\n [\n -91.99951171875,\n 31.87755764334002\n ],\n [\n -91.99951171875,\n 28.998531814051795\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-07-17","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Chase H. 0000-0002-1499-0311","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1499-0311","contributorId":225140,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Chase","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":13716,"text":"Baylor University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":793502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Nathan A. 0000-0001-5167-1988","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5167-1988","contributorId":218986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Nathan A.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":793503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70249355,"text":"70249355 - 2020 - Remotely sensed thermal decay rate: An index for vegetation monitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-04T23:53:46.3028","indexId":"70249355","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-17T10:04:51","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Remotely sensed thermal decay rate: An index for vegetation monitoring","docAbstract":"Vegetation buffers local diurnal land surface temperatures, however, this effect has found limited applications for remote vegetation characterization. In this work, we parameterize diurnal temperature variations as the thermal decay rate derived by using satellite daytime and nighttime land surface temperatures and modeled using Newton’s law of cooling. The relationship between the thermal decay rate and vegetation depends on many factors including vegetation type, size, water content, location, and local conditions. The theoretical relationships are elucidated, and empirical relationships are presented. Results show that the decay rate summarizes both vegetation structure and function and exhibits a high correlation with other established vegetation-related observations. As proof of concept, we interpret 15-year spatially explicit trends in the annual thermal decay rates over Africa and discuss results. Given recent increases in availability of finer spatial resolution satellite thermal measurements, the thermal decay rate may be a useful index for monitoring vegetation.
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