{"pageNumber":"5780","pageRowStart":"144475","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165657,"records":[{"id":70009881,"text":"70009881 - 1970 - Strontium isotopes in some Cenozoic lavas from Oregon and Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-14T00:35:06.877508","indexId":"70009881","displayToPublicDate":"1970-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Strontium isotopes in some Cenozoic lavas from Oregon and Washington","docAbstract":"

The87Sr/86Sr ratios have been determined in 22 volcanic rocks from Oregon and Washington. The emphasis of the study was on andesites and dacites, but several basalts were included. Most of the samples have a very limited range in strontium isotopic composition and all fall within variations previously defined for oceanic basalts. There are no systematic differences between lavas erupted through the pre-Cenozoic basement and those erupted in the Columbia River Embayment. It is concluded that the role played by crustal rocks in the generation of these andesites and dacites is minor or nonexistent, but assimiliation of crustal material may have been a factor for some of the basalts of the Columbia River Group.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0012-821X(70)90147-0","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Hedge, C., Hildreth, R., and Henderson, W., 1970, Strontium isotopes in some Cenozoic lavas from Oregon and Washington: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 8, no. 6, p. 434-438, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(70)90147-0.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"434","endPage":"438","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219336,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-116.915989,45.995413],[-116.892935,45.974396],[-116.859795,45.907264],[-116.796051,45.858473],[-116.782676,45.825376],[-116.759787,45.816167],[-116.736268,45.826179],[-116.711822,45.826267],[-116.698079,45.820852],[-116.665344,45.781998],[-116.593004,45.778541],[-116.546643,45.750972],[-116.535698,45.734231],[-116.535396,45.691734],[-116.487894,45.649769],[-116.463504,45.615785],[-116.463635,45.602785],[-116.481943,45.577898],[-116.523638,45.54661],[-116.553473,45.499107],[-116.554829,45.46293],[-116.588195,45.44292],[-116.597447,45.41277],[-116.619057,45.39821],[-116.673793,45.321511],[-116.674493,45.276349],[-116.691388,45.263739],[-116.703607,45.239757],[-116.729607,45.142091],[-116.754643,45.113972],[-116.774847,45.105536],[-116.797329,45.060267],[-116.847944,45.022602],[-116.844625,45.001435],[-116.858313,44.978761],[-116.83199,44.933007],[-116.852427,44.887577],[-116.931099,44.804781],[-116.9347,44.783881],[-116.970902,44.773881],[-116.998903,44.756382],[-117.03827,44.748179],[-117.062273,44.727143],[-117.061799,44.706654],[-117.095868,44.664737],[-117.098221,44.640689],[-117.120522,44.614658],[-117.124754,44.583834],[-117.148255,44.564371],[-117.14293,44.557236],[-117.149242,44.536151],[-117.161033,44.525166],[-117.181583,44.52296],[-117.200237,44.492027],[-117.224104,44.483734],[-117.215072,44.427162],[-117.22698,44.405583],[-117.242675,44.396548],[-117.235117,44.373853],[-117.189769,44.336585],[-117.203323,44.313024],[-117.222451,44.298963],[-117.198147,44.273828],[-117.170342,44.25889],[-117.143394,44.258262],[-117.121037,44.277585],[-117.104208,44.27994],[-117.089503,44.258234],[-117.05303,44.229076],[-117.031862,44.248635],[-116.975905,44.242844],[-116.971675,44.197256],[-116.925392,44.191544],[-116.900103,44.176851],[-116.894083,44.160191],[-116.933704,44.100039],[-116.977351,44.085364],[-116.973185,44.049425],[-116.943361,44.035645],[-116.934485,44.021249],[-116.942346,43.989106],[-116.971436,43.964998],[-116.96247,43.928336],[-116.977332,43.905812],[-116.982347,43.86884],[-117.01077,43.862269],[-117.02678,43.829841],[-117.026222,42.000252],[-118.696409,41.991794],[-119.872929,41.997641],[-121.035195,41.993323],[-122.378193,42.009518],[-122.893961,42.002605],[-123.145959,42.009247],[-123.656998,41.995137],[-124.126194,41.996992],[-124.211605,41.99846],[-124.270464,42.045553],[-124.299649,42.051736],[-124.356229,42.114952],[-124.351784,42.134965],[-124.366832,42.15845],[-124.360318,42.162272],[-124.361009,42.180752],[-124.374949,42.193129],[-124.383633,42.22716],[-124.410982,42.250547],[-124.405148,42.278107],[-124.410556,42.307431],[-124.429288,42.331746],[-124.424863,42.395426],[-124.435105,42.440163],[-124.422038,42.461226],[-124.421381,42.491737],[-124.390664,42.566593],[-124.400918,42.597518],[-124.401177,42.627192],[-124.416774,42.661594],[-124.45074,42.675798],[-124.448418,42.689909],[-124.473864,42.732671],[-124.491679,42.741789],[-124.513368,42.735068],[-124.524439,42.789793],[-124.552441,42.840568],[-124.500141,42.917502],[-124.456918,43.000315],[-124.436198,43.071312],[-124.434451,43.115986],[-124.401726,43.184896],[-124.38246,43.270167],[-124.402814,43.305872],[-124.373037,43.338953],[-124.341587,43.351337],[-124.315012,43.388389],[-124.233534,43.55713],[-124.168392,43.808903],[-124.150267,43.91085],[-124.122406,44.104442],[-124.125824,44.12613],[-124.108945,44.265475],[-124.1152,44.286486],[-124.084401,44.415611],[-124.067569,44.428582],[-124.079301,44.430863],[-124.084429,44.486927],[-124.067251,44.60804],[-124.084476,44.611056],[-124.065202,44.622445],[-124.058281,44.658866],[-124.070394,44.683514],[-124.059077,44.737656],[-124.075473,44.771403],[-124.074066,44.798107],[-124.066746,44.831191],[-124.048814,44.850007],[-124.025136,44.928175],[-124.004598,45.044959],[-124.017991,45.049808],[-124.015851,45.064759],[-124.006057,45.084736],[-123.989529,45.094045],[-123.975425,45.145476],[-123.964169,45.317026],[-123.972899,45.33689],[-124.007756,45.336813],[-123.973398,45.354791],[-123.965728,45.386242],[-123.960557,45.430778],[-123.976544,45.489733],[-123.96634,45.493417],[-123.957568,45.510399],[-123.947556,45.564878],[-123.956711,45.571303],[-123.939005,45.661923],[-123.943121,45.727031],[-123.968563,45.757019],[-123.982578,45.761815],[-123.969459,45.782371],[-123.962736,45.869974],[-123.96763,45.907807],[-123.993703,45.946431],[-123.969991,45.969139],[-123.937471,45.977306],[-123.927891,46.009564],[-123.933366,46.071672],[-123.947531,46.116131],[-123.996766,46.20399],[-124.010344,46.223514],[-124.024305,46.229256],[-124.001998,46.237316],[-123.988429,46.224132],[-123.987196,46.211521],[-123.950148,46.204097],[-123.9042,46.169293],[-123.854801,46.157342],[-123.842849,46.160529],[-123.841521,46.169824],[-123.863347,46.18235],[-123.864209,46.189527],[-123.821834,46.190293],[-123.759976,46.2073],[-123.71278,46.198751],[-123.666751,46.218228],[-123.636474,46.214359],[-123.622812,46.23664],[-123.605487,46.2393],[-123.586205,46.228654],[-123.548194,46.248245],[-123.547636,46.265595],[-123.613544,46.259988],[-123.669501,46.266832],[-123.679125,46.272502],[-123.680574,46.296025],[-123.700764,46.305278],[-123.724273,46.301161],[-123.727913,46.289661],[-123.741478,46.290274],[-123.766682,46.273499],[-123.806139,46.283588],[-123.875525,46.239787],[-123.909306,46.245491],[-123.954353,46.277001],[-123.974509,46.303063],[-124.020551,46.315737],[-124.044018,46.275925],[-124.060961,46.278761],[-124.082187,46.269159],[-124.064624,46.326899],[-124.057425,46.409315],[-124.068655,46.634879],[-124.048444,46.645827],[-124.035874,46.630822],[-124.052708,46.622796],[-124.050842,46.617421],[-124.023566,46.582559],[-124.031737,46.496375],[-124.026032,46.462978],[-123.990615,46.463019],[-123.99268,46.488617],[-123.983688,46.498542],[-123.968044,46.473497],[-123.943667,46.477197],[-123.921192,46.507731],[-123.896703,46.522665],[-123.894254,46.537028],[-123.928861,46.588875],[-123.955556,46.60357],[-123.960642,46.636364],[-123.921913,46.650262],[-123.923269,46.672708],[-123.851356,46.70256],[-123.84621,46.716795],[-123.898641,46.750205],[-123.916371,46.741322],[-123.916874,46.726739],[-123.948683,46.725369],[-123.974994,46.733391],[-123.979655,46.724658],[-123.966886,46.705184],[-123.994242,46.707929],[-124.003458,46.702337],[-124.092176,46.741624],[-124.108078,46.836388],[-124.138225,46.905534],[-124.110641,46.91252],[-124.093392,46.901168],[-124.089286,46.867716],[-124.073113,46.861493],[-124.055085,46.870429],[-124.046344,46.893972],[-123.985082,46.921916],[-123.957493,46.921261],[-123.86018,46.948556],[-123.898245,46.971927],[-123.939214,46.969739],[-123.959185,46.981759],[-124.012218,46.985176],[-124.019727,46.991189],[-124.005248,47.003915],[-124.026345,47.030187],[-124.065856,47.04114],[-124.122057,47.04165],[-124.141517,47.035142],[-124.151288,47.021112],[-124.124386,46.94387],[-124.180111,46.926357],[-124.169113,46.994508],[-124.182802,47.134041],[-124.236349,47.287287],[-124.25359,47.30248],[-124.271193,47.305025],[-124.299943,47.34836],[-124.319379,47.355559],[-124.336724,47.415996],[-124.355955,47.545698],[-124.425195,47.738434],[-124.453927,47.765334],[-124.47657,47.769671],[-124.489737,47.816988],[-124.539927,47.836967],[-124.562363,47.866216],[-124.625512,47.887963],[-124.645442,47.935338],[-124.672427,47.964414],[-124.682157,48.035987],[-124.696542,48.069274],[-124.687101,48.098657],[-124.733174,48.163393],[-124.696111,48.198599],[-124.690389,48.219745],[-124.705031,48.238774],[-124.684677,48.255228],[-124.676319,48.295143],[-124.665908,48.299324],[-124.65894,48.331057],[-124.727022,48.371101],[-124.731828,48.381157],[-124.725839,48.386012],[-124.653243,48.390691],[-124.631108,48.376522],[-124.599278,48.381035],[-124.395593,48.288772],[-124.361351,48.287582],[-124.272017,48.25441],[-124.250882,48.264773],[-124.238582,48.262471],[-124.101773,48.216883],[-124.107215,48.200082],[-124.050734,48.177747],[-123.981032,48.164761],[-123.858821,48.154273],[-123.71835,48.158713],[-123.702743,48.166783],[-123.651408,48.156952],[-123.628819,48.139279],[-123.590839,48.134949],[-123.551131,48.151382],[-123.507235,48.131807],[-123.440128,48.142014],[-123.441972,48.124259],[-123.424668,48.118065],[-123.332699,48.11297],[-123.288265,48.121036],[-123.239129,48.118217],[-123.1644,48.165894],[-123.133445,48.177276],[-123.143229,48.156633],[-123.116479,48.150208],[-123.06621,48.120469],[-123.038727,48.081138],[-122.979413,48.09594],[-122.929095,48.096244],[-122.917942,48.091535],[-122.927975,48.06665],[-122.877641,48.047025],[-122.849273,48.053808],[-122.878255,48.076072],[-122.882013,48.100779],[-122.876282,48.110877],[-122.833173,48.134406],[-122.760448,48.14324],[-122.748911,48.117026],[-122.778466,48.106135],[-122.801399,48.087561],[-122.766648,48.04429],[-122.74229,48.049324],[-122.739271,48.069153],[-122.747389,48.070795],[-122.733257,48.091232],[-122.68724,48.101662],[-122.69222,48.087081],[-122.682264,48.042723],[-122.668942,48.032026],[-122.669868,48.017217],[-122.686898,48.008305],[-122.70184,48.016106],[-122.723374,48.008095],[-122.718082,47.987739],[-122.701294,47.972979],[-122.6788,47.96793],[-122.68445,47.939593],[-122.657722,47.931156],[-122.651063,47.920985],[-122.655085,47.905058],[-122.646494,47.894771],[-122.610341,47.887343],[-122.63636,47.866186],[-122.69376,47.868002],[-122.681602,47.850405],[-122.683742,47.838773],[-122.748061,47.800546],[-122.758498,47.746036],[-122.781682,47.70392],[-122.811929,47.679861],[-122.832139,47.695511],[-122.790619,47.792597],[-122.812616,47.840029],[-122.820178,47.835904],[-122.815027,47.807493],[-122.845612,47.777474],[-122.880462,47.720643],[-122.896524,47.674838],[-122.97244,47.6149],[-123.106486,47.45817],[-123.15598,47.355745],[-123.140169,47.347496],[-123.111298,47.362619],[-123.120234,47.39149],[-122.967284,47.585685],[-122.917103,47.620743],[-122.856611,47.649615],[-122.804498,47.653363],[-122.754186,47.671612],[-122.740159,47.736228],[-122.722686,47.748827],[-122.714801,47.768176],[-122.690562,47.778372],[-122.682015,47.800882],[-122.623192,47.836199],[-122.608105,47.856728],[-122.573672,47.857582],[-122.588235,47.912923],[-122.616701,47.925139],[-122.617022,47.938987],[-122.603861,47.940478],[-122.592184,47.922519],[-122.549072,47.919072],[-122.527593,47.905882],[-122.513986,47.880807],[-122.506122,47.831745],[-122.482529,47.815511],[-122.495458,47.786692],[-122.471402,47.765965],[-122.470333,47.757109],[-122.471844,47.749819],[-122.488491,47.743605],[-122.554454,47.745704],[-122.543161,47.710941],[-122.53094,47.704814],[-122.511196,47.708715],[-122.504604,47.699136],[-122.518277,47.65132],[-122.493205,47.635122],[-122.49824,47.598242],[-122.479089,47.583654],[-122.518367,47.57408],[-122.543118,47.556326],[-122.546611,47.52355],[-122.52305,47.524],[-122.494882,47.510265],[-122.530514,47.469041],[-122.531889,47.428827],[-122.551136,47.394456],[-122.537044,47.375896],[-122.575985,47.32642],[-122.547521,47.285344],[-122.578211,47.254804],[-122.589454,47.227618],[-122.611464,47.2181],[-122.668571,47.270449],[-122.697378,47.283969],[-122.671256,47.343774],[-122.632463,47.376394],[-122.671486,47.366876],[-122.725738,47.33047],[-122.749621,47.276408],[-122.641802,47.205013],[-122.673925,47.174675],[-122.691771,47.141958],[-122.711997,47.127681],[-122.771619,47.167109],[-122.832799,47.243412],[-122.816633,47.276457],[-122.799025,47.289306],[-122.796646,47.341654],[-122.803688,47.355071],[-122.821868,47.363069],[-122.822344,47.319763],[-122.863732,47.270221],[-122.856171,47.233788],[-122.838298,47.208353],[-122.85994,47.165574],[-122.814238,47.179482],[-122.775056,47.123114],[-122.721437,47.103179],[-122.67813,47.103866],[-122.650634,47.132738],[-122.631987,47.140589],[-122.614855,47.169143],[-122.590829,47.178107],[-122.561957,47.244099],[-122.527586,47.291531],[-122.547747,47.316403],[-122.533338,47.31662],[-122.4442,47.266723],[-122.429605,47.269707],[-122.409199,47.288556],[-122.444635,47.300421],[-122.443008,47.306333],[-122.423535,47.319121],[-122.324833,47.348521],[-122.328434,47.400621],[-122.348035,47.415921],[-122.355135,47.441921],[-122.383136,47.450521],[-122.368036,47.459221],[-122.361336,47.481421],[-122.396538,47.51522],[-122.398338,47.55012],[-122.421139,47.57602],[-122.387139,47.59572],[-122.370167,47.583087],[-122.342937,47.59122],[-122.339513,47.599113],[-122.367819,47.624213],[-122.414645,47.639766],[-122.429841,47.658919],[-122.38044,47.709119],[-122.37314,47.729219],[-122.380241,47.758519],[-122.396422,47.777927],[-122.394944,47.803318],[-122.33595,47.852306],[-122.328546,47.897917],[-122.311927,47.923703],[-122.307048,47.949117],[-122.249007,47.959507],[-122.230046,47.970917],[-122.224979,48.016626],[-122.231761,48.029876],[-122.281087,48.049793],[-122.326119,48.092877],[-122.343241,48.097631],[-122.363842,48.12393],[-122.370253,48.164809],[-122.362044,48.187568],[-122.395499,48.228551],[-122.433767,48.23655],[-122.449605,48.232598],[-122.449513,48.214736],[-122.442051,48.20935],[-122.478535,48.188087],[-122.479008,48.175703],[-122.442383,48.130841],[-122.379481,48.087384],[-122.358375,48.056133],[-122.377114,48.057568],[-122.400692,48.085255],[-122.4675,48.130353],[-122.489986,48.120617],[-122.512031,48.133931],[-122.53722,48.183745],[-122.530996,48.249821],[-122.503786,48.257045],[-122.480925,48.251706],[-122.463962,48.270541],[-122.406516,48.25183],[-122.371693,48.287839],[-122.408718,48.326413],[-122.442678,48.337934],[-122.475529,48.359912],[-122.507437,48.364666],[-122.533452,48.383409],[-122.539449,48.39719],[-122.554536,48.40604],[-122.558403,48.426758],[-122.551221,48.439465],[-122.557298,48.444438],[-122.575254,48.443333],[-122.581607,48.429244],[-122.61448,48.41488],[-122.649839,48.408526],[-122.674158,48.424726],[-122.678928,48.439466],[-122.654844,48.454087],[-122.657753,48.47294],[-122.689121,48.476849],[-122.700603,48.457632],[-122.712322,48.464143],[-122.712981,48.47879],[-122.701644,48.497622],[-122.684521,48.509123],[-122.671386,48.50398],[-122.606961,48.522152],[-122.598469,48.512169],[-122.568071,48.50821],[-122.537355,48.466749],[-122.500721,48.460887],[-122.471832,48.470724],[-122.498463,48.556206],[-122.504428,48.564775],[-122.534719,48.574246],[-122.495904,48.575927],[-122.478431,48.559303],[-122.44456,48.570115],[-122.425271,48.599522],[-122.500308,48.656163],[-122.519172,48.713095],[-122.490401,48.751128],[-122.535803,48.776128],[-122.567498,48.779185],[-122.596844,48.771492],[-122.637146,48.735708],[-122.612562,48.714932],[-122.605733,48.701066],[-122.615169,48.693839],[-122.630422,48.696625],[-122.673472,48.733082],[-122.646777,48.785011],[-122.693683,48.804475],[-122.699303,48.789063],[-122.709815,48.786205],[-122.717073,48.84719],[-122.793175,48.892927],[-122.751289,48.911239],[-122.746596,48.930731],[-122.766096,48.941955],[-122.787539,48.931702],[-122.821631,48.941369],[-122.817226,48.95597],[-122.774276,48.991038],[-122.756318,48.996881],[-122.75802,49.002357],[-117.032351,48.999188],[-117.042623,47.761223],[-117.039813,46.425425],[-117.034696,46.418318],[-117.062748,46.353624],[-117.023844,46.335976],[-117.020663,46.314793],[-116.986688,46.296662],[-116.991134,46.276342],[-116.966742,46.256923],[-116.955264,46.23088],[-116.965841,46.203417],[-116.92187,46.167808],[-116.950276,46.123464],[-116.955263,46.102237],[-116.982479,46.089389],[-116.978938,46.080007],[-116.957372,46.075449],[-116.942656,46.061],[-116.915989,45.995413]]],[[[-122.519535,48.288314],[-122.551793,48.281512],[-122.584086,48.297987],[-122.618466,48.294159],[-122.626757,48.288991],[-122.620748,48.282961],[-122.623779,48.269431],[-122.652639,48.265081],[-122.66921,48.240614],[-122.668385,48.223967],[-122.628352,48.222467],[-122.588138,48.18594],[-122.558205,48.119579],[-122.571853,48.102143],[-122.54512,48.05255],[-122.513994,48.059077],[-122.511081,48.075301],[-122.525422,48.096537],[-122.513276,48.097538],[-122.491104,48.094242],[-122.431266,48.045001],[-122.376259,48.034457],[-122.373263,48.000791],[-122.353611,47.981433],[-122.349597,47.958796],[-122.358812,47.93742],[-122.376837,47.923703],[-122.380497,47.904023],[-122.431035,47.914732],[-122.445519,47.930226],[-122.44076,47.951845],[-122.446682,47.963155],[-122.47266,47.988449],[-122.501257,47.987089],[-122.521219,47.972997],[-122.546824,47.967215],[-122.552053,47.973644],[-122.542924,47.996404],[-122.58178,48.010386],[-122.607342,48.030992],[-122.593621,48.0472],[-122.614028,48.072788],[-122.598301,48.110616],[-122.609568,48.15186],[-122.633167,48.163281],[-122.677337,48.154587],[-122.693084,48.181509],[-122.770045,48.224395],[-122.72259,48.304268],[-122.673731,48.354683],[-122.664928,48.374823],[-122.664659,48.401508],[-122.634991,48.404244],[-122.637892,48.395681],[-122.60198,48.409907],[-122.595351,48.3972],[-122.585038,48.395166],[-122.585162,48.353304],[-122.551334,48.342138],[-122.506568,48.310041],[-122.505828,48.297677],[-122.519535,48.288314]]],[[[-122.474684,47.511068],[-122.452399,47.503471],[-122.460027,47.48686],[-122.433385,47.46643],[-122.439415,47.458633],[-122.437656,47.407424],[-122.373628,47.388718],[-122.437809,47.365606],[-122.453997,47.343337],[-122.469702,47.344623],[-122.493122,47.330253],[-122.51885,47.33332],[-122.528128,47.345542],[-122.517797,47.368678],[-122.526733,47.398581],[-122.514703,47.414048],[-122.513328,47.449106],[-122.497862,47.475915],[-122.482739,47.483133],[-122.474684,47.511068]]],[[[-122.695907,48.737273],[-122.663259,48.697077],[-122.618225,48.670721],[-122.609576,48.645018],[-122.635299,48.651846],[-122.673538,48.680809],[-122.691795,48.711498],[-122.718833,48.716818],[-122.722262,48.731624],[-122.715709,48.748672],[-122.695907,48.737273]]],[[[-123.035393,49.002154],[-123.021459,48.977299],[-123.028091,48.973943],[-123.083834,48.976139],[-123.090546,49.001976],[-123.035393,49.002154]]],[[[-122.800217,48.60169],[-122.801096,48.585425],[-122.770349,48.558106],[-122.788503,48.530393],[-122.777467,48.517799],[-122.779124,48.508911],[-122.817912,48.483888],[-122.81973,48.458843],[-122.803521,48.428748],[-122.812208,48.422326],[-122.874135,48.418196],[-122.893646,48.422655],[-122.889016,48.435947],[-122.928004,48.439966],[-122.91646,48.453263],[-122.926901,48.460874],[-122.962009,48.451161],[-123.039156,48.460003],[-123.067675,48.479497],[-123.119451,48.492576],[-123.163234,48.529544],[-123.16147,48.547618],[-123.176266,48.562131],[-123.173061,48.579086],[-123.197754,48.586216],[-123.203026,48.596178],[-123.178425,48.622115],[-123.107362,48.622451],[-123.098462,48.612834],[-123.101552,48.59782],[-123.074611,48.591816],[-123.048403,48.569216],[-122.987296,48.561895],[-122.995026,48.578162],[-123.016647,48.580244],[-123.034101,48.591767],[-123.023433,48.599477],[-123.04653,48.61149],[-123.048652,48.621002],[-122.949116,48.693398],[-122.942367,48.706723],[-122.894599,48.71503],[-122.743049,48.661991],[-122.809622,48.619035],[-122.800217,48.60169]]],[[[-123.197953,48.68466],[-123.14799,48.668001],[-123.106165,48.633473],[-123.134956,48.63724],[-123.237148,48.683466],[-123.236567,48.68895],[-123.212892,48.689713],[-123.197953,48.68466]]],[[[-123.025486,48.717966],[-123.007511,48.718863],[-123.005086,48.694342],[-123.021215,48.681416],[-123.042337,48.675663],[-123.03636,48.69008],[-123.070427,48.699971],[-123.040179,48.717296],[-123.025486,48.717966]]],[[[-122.649405,48.588457],[-122.578856,48.54813],[-122.572967,48.529028],[-122.599948,48.536904],[-122.635738,48.526021],[-122.649256,48.528769],[-122.654342,48.537956],[-122.649405,48.588457]]],[[[-122.714512,48.60878],[-122.670638,48.568812],[-122.68944,48.543903],[-122.722407,48.540606],[-122.73944,48.573893],[-122.739898,48.583949],[-122.714512,48.60878]]],[[[-122.699266,48.621115],[-122.674173,48.629944],[-122.657016,48.609891],[-122.676796,48.610055],[-122.699266,48.621115]]],[[[-122.334524,48.018916],[-122.321721,48.019977],[-122.303455,48.005603],[-122.334524,48.018916]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Oregon\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"8","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9bb3e4b08c986b31d038","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hedge, C. E.","contributorId":73611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hedge","given":"C. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hildreth, R.A.","contributorId":29111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildreth","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Henderson, W.T.","contributorId":66412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henderson","given":"W.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":93772,"text":"93772 - 1970 - Testing of selected pharmacological agents for capturing waterfowl [Annual Progress Report]","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:01","indexId":"93772","displayToPublicDate":"1970-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Testing of selected pharmacological agents for capturing waterfowl [Annual Progress Report]","docAbstract":"The response of game-farm mallards (Frost strain) to seven pharmacological immobilizing agents was evaluated in Phase I of a planned four-phase study. A limited amount of testing was also done with wild mallards. Single dosages were administered to determine the mean effective dose (ED50) and mean lethal dose (LD50), The therapeutic index, or safety factor (LD50/ED50), and palatability were also established. Optimum dosage rates of compounds administered orally on baits were not considered in this phase of the study. Compounds were-administered by intubation and calculated in terms of mg/kg. All except one compound produced narcosis within 5 minutes at the effective dose rate.Immobilization periods for the seven compounds ranged from 7-24 minutes, and recovery periods from 1.0-6.5 hours. Such wide variations in actions of the compounds can be attributed to a compound's rate of absorption, the ease with which it passes the blood-brain barrier, its solubility in tissues, and its rate of metabolism in the liver and kidneys. Length of both the immobilization and recovery periods were extended when dosages were increased. There was no delayed mortality among survivors with any of the seven compounds at either the ED50 or LD50. Females were generally more sensitive to the anesthetizing agents than males. The ED50 for wild mallards was substantially higher than that for the experimental game-farm birds for the two compounds on which this was tested.Tribromoethanol (Avertin of Winthrop Laboratories) satisfied all test criteria an Phase I and will be subjected to more intensive investigation in ensuing tests. Thiopental sodium (Pentothal of Amdal Company) and pentobarbital sodium (Nembutal of Abbott Laboratories) were judged to be marginal. Although their therapeutic indexes were good (5.00), recovery periods were prolonged and toxic convulsions occurred at medium to high dose rates as the LD50 was approached.Alpha-chloralose (Fisher Scientific) proved least promising of the seven compounds, mainly because of its unacceptable therapeutic index (2.25) and because it possesses prolonged induction and recovery periods. Two new experimental drugs, methoxymol and metomidate (Pitman-Moore), appeared effective and safe when administered by intubation but produced a taste aversion when added to bait. Rejection because of taste was also a problem with secobarbital (Seconal of Elanco Products), and its therapeutic index of 2.75 was unacceptable. Monitoring of heart and respiratory rates, and body temperature by telemetry showed promise as a technique for determining physiological response to drug action.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Jamestown, ND","usgsCitation":"Cline, D., 1970, Testing of selected pharmacological agents for capturing waterfowl [Annual Progress Report], 26 pp.","productDescription":"26 pp.","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127780,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db68477b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cline, D.R.","contributorId":45655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cline","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":93779,"text":"93779 - 1970 - New homes for prairie ducks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-18T10:06:21","indexId":"93779","displayToPublicDate":"1970-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"New homes for prairie ducks","docAbstract":"This pamphlet describes how to make, install and care for inexpensive duck nesting baskets. Ducks have been attracted to these structures in the prairies of eastern North and South Dakota, western Minnesota, and northern Iowa. Nesting structures can help increase the number of local nesting ducks, especially mallards.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","publisherLocation":"Jamestown, ND","doi":"10.3133/93779","usgsCitation":"Doty, H.A., 1970, New homes for prairie ducks, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/93779.","productDescription":"5 p.","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292379,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db697747","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doty, Harold A.","contributorId":17565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doty","given":"Harold","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":93780,"text":"93780 - 1970 - Home grown honkers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-11T10:40:04","indexId":"93780","displayToPublicDate":"1970-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Home grown honkers","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","doi":"10.3133/93780","usgsCitation":"Dill, H.H., and Lee, F.B., 1970, Home grown honkers, vi, 154 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/93780.","productDescription":"vi, 154 p.","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292378,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db68829b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dill, Herbert H.","contributorId":40547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dill","given":"Herbert","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, Forrest B.","contributorId":91804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Forrest","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":63898,"text":"gp711 - 1970 - Aeromagnetic map of the Menominee-Northland area, Dickinson, Marquette, and Menominee Counties, Michigan, and Marinette County, Wisconsin","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":41733,"text":"ofr69291 - 1969 - Aeromagnetic map of the Menominee-Northland area, Dickinson, Marquette, and Menominee Counties, Michigan, and Marinette County, Wisconsin.","indexId":"ofr69291","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"title":"Aeromagnetic map of the Menominee-Northland area, Dickinson, Marquette, and Menominee Counties, Michigan, and Marinette County, Wisconsin."},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":63898,"text":"gp711 - 1970 - Aeromagnetic map of the Menominee-Northland area, Dickinson, Marquette, and Menominee Counties, Michigan, and Marinette County, Wisconsin","indexId":"gp711","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"title":"Aeromagnetic map of the Menominee-Northland area, Dickinson, Marquette, and Menominee Counties, Michigan, and Marinette County, Wisconsin"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-01T20:46:16.720149","indexId":"gp711","displayToPublicDate":"1970-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":317,"text":"Geophysical Investigations Map","code":"GP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"711","title":"Aeromagnetic map of the Menominee-Northland area, Dickinson, Marquette, and Menominee Counties, Michigan, and Marinette County, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/gp711","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1970, Aeromagnetic map of the Menominee-Northland area, Dickinson, Marquette, and Menominee Counties, Michigan, and Marinette County, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Geophysical Investigations Map 711, Report: 1 p.; 2 Plates: 27.23 x 40.17 inches and 33.85 x 51.60 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/gp711.","productDescription":"Report: 1 p.; 2 Plates: 27.23 x 40.17 inches and 33.85 x 51.60 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":413554,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_13222.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":253667,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0711/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":250204,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0711/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":250203,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0711/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":250202,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0711/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"62500","country":"United States","state":"Michigan, Wisconsin","county":"Dickinson County, Marinette County, Marquette County, Menominee county","otherGeospatial":"Menominee-Northland area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.845,\n 45.0833\n ],\n [\n -87.845,\n 46.25\n ],\n [\n -87.25,\n 46.25\n ],\n [\n -87.25,\n 45.0833\n ],\n [\n -87.845,\n 45.0833\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af4e4b07f02db691da7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":533367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000154,"text":"1000154 - 1970 - Resource crises in Lake Erie","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:04","indexId":"1000154","displayToPublicDate":"1970-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1614,"text":"Explorer","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Resource crises in Lake Erie","docAbstract":"Despite the tremendous value of the Great Lakes, a malaise is seriously destroying their worth. Accelerated enrichment, unabated pollution, over-exploitation, and accidental and intentional introduction of exotic species, have all been guided--more often misguided--by man. Of all five Great Lakes, Lake Erie stands out as the one most seriously damaged and in the greates further jeopardy at the present time.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Explorer","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"Out-of-print","usgsCitation":"Hartman, W.L., 1970, Resource crises in Lake Erie: Explorer, v. 12, no. 1, p. 6-11.","productDescription":"p. 6-11","startPage":"6","endPage":"11","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128870,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db604bf3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hartman, Wilbur L.","contributorId":14763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartman","given":"Wilbur","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000408,"text":"1000408 - 1970 - Effects of alewife predation on zooplankton populations in Lake Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-14T13:51:53","indexId":"1000408","displayToPublicDate":"1970-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of alewife predation on zooplankton populations in Lake Michigan","docAbstract":"

The zooplankton populations in southeastern Lake Michigan underwent striking, size-related changes between 1954 and 1966. Forms that decline sharply were the largest cladocerans (Leptodora kindtii, Daphnia galeata, and D. retrocurva), the largest calanoid copepods (Limnocalanus macrurus, Epischura lacustris, and Diaptomus sicilis), and the largest cyclopoid copepod (Mesocyclops edax). Two of these, D. galeata and M. edax (both abundant in 1954), became extremely rare. Certain medium-sized or small species increased in numbers: Daphnia longiremis, Holopedium gibberum, Polyphemus pediculus, Bosmina longirostris, Bosmina coregoni, Ceriodaphnia sp., Cyclops bicuspidatus, Cyclops vernalis, and Diaptomus ashlandi. Evidence is strong that the changes were due to selective predation by alewives. The alewife was uncommon in southeastern Lake Michigan in 1954 but had increased to enormous proportions by 1966; there was a massive dieoff in spring 1967, and abundance remained relatively low in 1968. The composition of zooplankton populations in 1968 generally had shifted back toward that of 1954, although D. galeata and M. edax remained rare. The average size, and size at onset of maturity, of D. retrocurva decreased noticeably between 1954 and 1966 but increased between 1966 and 1968.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.4319/lo.1970.15.4.0556","usgsCitation":"Wells, L., 1970, Effects of alewife predation on zooplankton populations in Lake Michigan: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 15, no. 4, p. 556-565, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1970.15.4.0556.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"556","endPage":"565","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480290,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1970.15.4.0556","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":132983,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db684761","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wells, LaRue","contributorId":75476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"LaRue","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1003247,"text":"1003247 - 1970 - UV identification and quantitative measurement of quinaldine residues in fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-03T16:04:05.375619","indexId":"1003247","displayToPublicDate":"1970-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2533,"text":"Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"UV identification and quantitative measurement of quinaldine residues in fish","docAbstract":"

A method for the confirmatory analysis of quinaldine residue in fish is described. The method utilizes the same extraction and cleanup procedure as the GLC method reported previously. The lower limit of sensitivity for quinaldine residue in fish muscle is 0.01 ppm. Identification is accomplished by comparing the UV spectra of the sample and a standard solution of quinaldine.

","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/jaoac/53.6.1170","usgsCitation":"Allen, J.L., and Sills, J., 1970, UV identification and quantitative measurement of quinaldine residues in fish: Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, v. 53, no. 6, p. 1170-1171, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/53.6.1170.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"1170","endPage":"1171","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488925,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/53.6.1170","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":131257,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-01-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e0e4b07f02db5e3fa2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, J. L.","contributorId":49295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sills, J.B.","contributorId":55380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sills","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1003246,"text":"1003246 - 1970 - GLC determination of quinaldine residue in fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-03T16:06:32.952799","indexId":"1003246","displayToPublicDate":"1970-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2533,"text":"Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"GLC determination of quinaldine residue in fish","docAbstract":"

A procedure for the determination of quinaldine residue in various fish tissues is described. Homogenized tissues are extracted with hexane-ethyl ether, the extracts are concentrated by partitioning through 0.1N sulfuric acid, and the residues are measured by alkali flame ionization gas chromatography. Muscle tissues containing from 0.01 to 10.0 ppm quinaldine were successfully analyzed with recoveries from 75 to 100%.

","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/jaoac/53.1.20","usgsCitation":"Allen, J.L., and Sills, J., 1970, GLC determination of quinaldine residue in fish: Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, v. 53, no. 1, p. 20-23, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/53.1.20.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"20","endPage":"23","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131277,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-01-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b155e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, J. L.","contributorId":49295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sills, J.B.","contributorId":55380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sills","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1000091,"text":"1000091 - 1970 - Fin degeneration of young-of-the-year Alosa pseudoharengus (Clupeidae) in southern Lake Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-06T22:40:18.381872","indexId":"1000091","displayToPublicDate":"1970-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1337,"text":"Copeia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fin degeneration of young-of-the-year Alosa pseudoharengus (Clupeidae) in southern Lake Michigan","docAbstract":"

Young-of-the-year alewives, Alosa pseudoharengus, with extremely shortened caudal fins were observed at four locations in southern Lake Michigan between 1964 and 1968. Some of the fins appeared stunted or underdeveloped, but microscopic examination revealed a deterioration of the fins and not an ontogenetic abnormality. Deterioration of the caudal fin was frequently accompanied by degeneration of the dorsal and anal fins. Degenerate fins were not found on other species nor on older alewives, with the exception of one known yearling alewife at Waukegan and possibly a few of the larger fish at Milwaukee.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists (ASIH)","doi":"10.2307/1442324","usgsCitation":"Brown, E.H., and Norden, C.R., 1970, Fin degeneration of young-of-the-year Alosa pseudoharengus (Clupeidae) in southern Lake Michigan: Copeia, v. 1970, no. 4, p. 766-769, https://doi.org/10.2307/1442324.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"766","endPage":"769","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128560,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1970","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fbe4b07f02db5f4832","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Edward H. Jr.","contributorId":33251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Edward","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Norden, Carroll R.","contributorId":56591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norden","given":"Carroll","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1000287,"text":"1000287 - 1970 - Growth, age at metamorphosis, and sex ratio of northern brook lamprey in a tributary of southern Lake Superior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-17T13:20:05","indexId":"1000287","displayToPublicDate":"1970-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1337,"text":"Copeia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Growth, age at metamorphosis, and sex ratio of northern brook lamprey in a tributary of southern Lake Superior","docAbstract":"

Growth was studied of five year classes of the northern brook lamprey, Ichthyomyzon fossor, collected from the Sturgeon River during intervals between treatment of the stream with a lampricide. Growth varied considerably among year classes. Larvae of the 1963 year class were slightly longer at age II and 30% longer at age III than the III-group larvae of the 1960 year class. About 6% of 558 III-group lampreys of the 1963 year class had metamorphosed by 17 August 1966. Although the sex ratio of larvae was about 1:1, 97% of the metamorphosed lampreys were males. The distribution of pigmentation on the caudal fin and upper lip in ammocoetes less than 40 mm long permitted accurate and rapid separation of northern brook lampreys from the sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus.

","largerWorkTitle":"Copeia","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists","doi":"10.2307/1441654","usgsCitation":"Purvis, H.A., 1970, Growth, age at metamorphosis, and sex ratio of northern brook lamprey in a tributary of southern Lake Superior: Copeia, v. 1970, no. 2, p. 326-332, https://doi.org/10.2307/1441654.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"326","endPage":"332","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133682,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1970","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db697820","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Purvis, Harold A.","contributorId":98689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Purvis","given":"Harold","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000286,"text":"1000286 - 1970 - Experimental hybridization among five species of lampreys from the Great Lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-06T22:38:34.957606","indexId":"1000286","displayToPublicDate":"1970-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1337,"text":"Copeia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Experimental hybridization among five species of lampreys from the Great Lakes","docAbstract":"

Experimental hybridization among five species of lampreys of the Upper Great Lakes routinely produced embryos through stage 8, and four crosses produced embryos to the larval stage. Three critical periods in the embryogenesis of hybrid lampreys were between stages 8 and 9, among stages 10, 11, and 12, and at stage 15. Embryonic development in hybrid lamprey embryos is basically identical to that of controls and is identical to that of the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus). Synchrony of development was observed among stages of viable hybrids and their controls but lethal hybrids generally did not maintain such synchrony. The derivative species concept has been confirmed experimentally. Questions have been raised concerning some evidence cited in behalf of the appropriateness of the concept that nonparasitic lampreys are the derived species.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists","doi":"10.2307/1441972","usgsCitation":"Piavis, G.W., Howell, J.H., and Smith, A.J., 1970, Experimental hybridization among five species of lampreys from the Great Lakes: Copeia, v. 1970, no. 1, p. 29-37, https://doi.org/10.2307/1441972.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"37","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133317,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1970","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9262","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piavis, George W.","contributorId":63755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piavis","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Howell, John H.","contributorId":39720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howell","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Allen J.","contributorId":69937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Allen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1000168,"text":"1000168 - 1970 - The effect of temperature on the rate of development and survival of alewife eggs and larvae","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-17T13:22:49","indexId":"1000168","displayToPublicDate":"1970-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effect of temperature on the rate of development and survival of alewife eggs and larvae","docAbstract":"

Eggs from Lake Michigan alewives (Alosa pseudoharengus) were incubated at 79 different temperatures from 42.1 to 87.0 F. Hatching occurred at 44.4-84.9 F and was optimum (38% hatched) at about 64 F. Incubation time varied from 15 days at 45 F to 3.7 days at 70 F and 2.1 days at 84 F. Time from start to finish of hatching ranged from 13 days at about 46 F to 2-3 days at 68-70 F and 1-2 days at 80-84 F. Survival of unfed larvae held at incubation temperatures increased from 3.8 days at 51 F to 7.6 days at 58-59 F and then decreased to 2.4 days at 80-82 F.

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1970)99<376:TEOTOT>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Edsall, T.A., 1970, The effect of temperature on the rate of development and survival of alewife eggs and larvae: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 99, no. 2, p. 376-380, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1970)99<376:TEOTOT>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"376","endPage":"380","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130366,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4e0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edsall, Thomas A.","contributorId":84302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edsall","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":308176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000169,"text":"1000169 - 1970 - Temperature tolerance of young-of-the-year cisco, Coregonus artedii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-17T13:10:59","indexId":"1000169","displayToPublicDate":"1970-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temperature tolerance of young-of-the-year cisco, Coregonus artedii","docAbstract":"

Young-of-the-year ciscoes (Coregonus artedii) acclimated to 2, 5, 10, 20 and 25 C and tested for tolerance to high and low temperatures provide the first detailed description of the thermal tolerance of coregonids in North America. The upper ultimate lethal temperature of the young ciscoes was 26 C (6 C higher than the maximum sustained temperature tolerated by adult ciscoes in nature) and the ultimate lower lethal temperature approached 0 C (near that commonly tolerated in nature by adult ciscoes). The temperature of 26 C is slightly higher than the lowest ultimate upper lethal temperature recorded for North American freshwater fishes; however, published information on the depth distributions of fishes in the Great Lakes suggests that some of the other coregonids may be less tolerant of high temperatures than the cisco.

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1970)99<526:TTOYCC>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Edsall, T.A., and Colby, P.J., 1970, Temperature tolerance of young-of-the-year cisco, Coregonus artedii: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 99, no. 3, p. 526-531, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1970)99<526:TTOYCC>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"526","endPage":"531","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130367,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db6856f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edsall, Thomas A.","contributorId":84302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edsall","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":308177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Colby, Peter J.","contributorId":89831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colby","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1001474,"text":"1001474 - 1970 - Studies on the life history and development of Cuterebra polita (Diptera: Cuterebridae) in four species of rodents","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-27T17:01:48.419121","indexId":"1001474","displayToPublicDate":"1970-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2385,"text":"Journal of Medical Entomology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Studies on the life history and development of Cuterebra polita (Diptera: Cuterebridae) in four species of rodents","docAbstract":"

Cuterebra polita Coquillett is a primary parasite of the pocket gopher. Thomomys talpoides. in the western United States. It also occurs secondarily in other wild rodents that come into close contact with pocket gophers.

Field studies disclosed pursuit, mating, and ovipositing at an aggregation site near Monte Cristo, Utah. Eggs were individually attached to fibrous roots suspended from the roof of shallow gopher burrows. This refinement of the host-parasite relationship has not previously been described for other North American cuterebrids.

In the laboratory, 3 gravid females produced 186–357 viable eggs; about 85% were induced to hatch or hatched spontaneously after 12 days. Dissection of 1 of the females revealed another 886 eggs, for a total of 1243.

Larvae were artificially introduced and developed in deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus). domestic mice (Mus musculus). hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus), and meadow voles (Microtus montanus). The domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) appeared refractory. The rate and success of development in the 4 rodent species was variable, but terminal larval development averaged about 22 days. Warbles appeared after 8 days in the rodents, and the majority of the cysts occurred in the posterior dorsal region.

On the basis of larval characteristics, C. polita and C. thomomuris appear to be independent, valid species, though they share a common host.

","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/jmedent/7.3.320","usgsCitation":"Capelle, K., 1970, Studies on the life history and development of Cuterebra polita (Diptera: Cuterebridae) in four species of rodents: Journal of Medical Entomology, v. 7, no. 3, p. 320-327, https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/7.3.320.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"320","endPage":"327","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133717,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.06103515625,\n 40.17047886718109\n ],\n [\n -109.58587646484375,\n 40.17047886718109\n ],\n [\n -109.58587646484375,\n 40.59935608796518\n ],\n [\n -110.06103515625,\n 40.59935608796518\n ],\n [\n -110.06103515625,\n 40.17047886718109\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1970-05-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699dde","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Capelle, K.J.","contributorId":19896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capelle","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000171,"text":"1000171 - 1970 - Temperature tolerance of bloater (Coregonus hoyi)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-14T13:50:35","indexId":"1000171","displayToPublicDate":"1970-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2543,"text":"Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temperature tolerance of bloater (Coregonus hoyi)","docAbstract":"

Juvenile and young adult bloaters (Coregonus hoyi) were tested for tolerance to high temperatures. The ultimate upper lethal temperature of juvenile bloaters (26.75 C) appeared to be slightly higher than that of young adult bloaters, but was similar to that of juvenile ciscoes,Coregonus artedii (26.0 C), the only other North American coregonine for which a detailed description of temperature tolerance has been published.Regression equations are given that permit estimation of the thermal tolerance when the lethal temperatures are incompletely known. The estimated thermal tolerance of juvenile bloaters (617 units) was slightly less than that of the brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis; 625 units), but was higher than that of other Salmonidae.

","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/f70-228","usgsCitation":"Edsall, T.A., Rottiers, D.V., and Brown, E., 1970, Temperature tolerance of bloater (Coregonus hoyi): Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, v. 27, no. 11, p. 2047-2052, https://doi.org/10.1139/f70-228.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"2047","endPage":"2052","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133272,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db68570c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edsall, Thomas A.","contributorId":84302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edsall","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":308183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rottiers, Donald V.","contributorId":10754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rottiers","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, Edward H.","contributorId":49732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Edward H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1000481,"text":"1000481 - 1970 - Walleye fishery of Lake Erie in 1943-62 with emphasis on contributions of the 1942-61 year-classes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-14T15:45:32","indexId":"1000481","displayToPublicDate":"1970-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2543,"text":"Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Walleye fishery of Lake Erie in 1943-62 with emphasis on contributions of the 1942-61 year-classes","docAbstract":"

The commercial fishery for walleyes (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum) in Lake Erie virtually collapsed in the late 1950's. The extreme decline in production was attributed primarily to a succession of weak year-classes, caused by habitat deterioration (increased water temperatures, enrichment, and pollution) in western Lake Erie. Unusually high fishing intensity and high yields of walleyes in the mid-1950's contributed to the collapse.Annual lakewide production of walleyes dropped from a record high of 15 million lb in 1956 to a record low of 717,000 lb in 1962. Canadian catches exceeded those of the United States only during the high production years of 1956–58; U.S. fishermen took 71% of the total catch in 1915–62.On the basis of the numbers of fish of the various year-classes in the fall trapnet samples at Sandusky, Ohio, in 1943–62, all but one of the 1942–52 year-classes were above average strength, and all but one of the 1953–61 year-classes were below average. Fish of the 1953–61 year-classes grew much faster than those of the 1942–52 year-classes. The strong 1948 year-class was followed by a series of progressively weaker year-classes until 1958; year-class strengths remained low through 1962.

","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/f70-169","usgsCitation":"Parsons, J.W., 1970, Walleye fishery of Lake Erie in 1943-62 with emphasis on contributions of the 1942-61 year-classes: Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, v. 27, no. 8, p. 1475-1489, https://doi.org/10.1139/f70-169.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1475","endPage":"1489","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130318,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd50f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parsons, John W.","contributorId":21899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000240,"text":"1000240 - 1970 - Concentrations of trace elements in Great Lakes fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-14T15:29:06.873105","indexId":"1000240","displayToPublicDate":"1970-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2543,"text":"Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Concentrations of trace elements in Great Lakes fishes","docAbstract":"
The concentration of 15 trace elements was determined by activation analysis of samples of whole fish and fish livers from three of the Great Lakes: Michigan, Superior, and Erie. The average concentrations of 7 elements in 19 whole fish from 3 species were as follows: uranium, 3ppb (parts per billion); thorium, 6ppb; cobalt, 28ppb; cadmium, 94ppb; arsenic, 16ppb; chromium, 1ppm; and copper, 1.3ppm. The average concentrations of 8 elements in 40 liver samples from 10 species of fish were as follows: uranium, 2ppb; thorium, 2ppb; cobalt, 40ppb; copper, 9ppm; zinc, 30ppm; bromine, 0.4ppm; arsenic, 30ppb; and cadmium, 0.4ppm. Other elements observed in most of the samples were: antimony, 5100ppb; gold, 25ppb; lanthanum, 120ppb; rhenium, 0.55ppb; rubidium, 0.064ppm; and selenium, 0.12ppb.Trace element concentrations varied with species and lake. Uranium and thorium varied with species, but not for the same species from different lakes. The levels of copper, cobalt, zinc, and bromine varied little between species and lakes. The concentration of cadmium, arsenic, and chromium varied between species and with species between lakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/f70-072","usgsCitation":"Lucas, H.F., Edgington, D.N., and Colby, P.J., 1970, Concentrations of trace elements in Great Lakes fishes: Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, v. 27, no. 4, p. 677-684, https://doi.org/10.1139/f70-072.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"677","endPage":"684","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133281,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.3310546875,\n 44.99588261816546\n ],\n [\n -84.4189453125,\n 43.929549935614595\n ],\n [\n -83.935546875,\n 43.16512263158296\n ],\n [\n -84.24316406249999,\n 42.00032514831621\n ],\n [\n -83.8037109375,\n 41.11246878918088\n ],\n [\n -81.38671875,\n 40.91351257612758\n ],\n [\n -79.189453125,\n 41.73852846935917\n ],\n [\n -77.255859375,\n 42.87596410238256\n ],\n [\n -75.673828125,\n 43.96119063892024\n ],\n [\n -76.025390625,\n 44.87144275016589\n ],\n [\n -78.31054687499999,\n 44.33956524809713\n ],\n [\n -79.716796875,\n 44.15068115978094\n ],\n [\n -80.85937499999999,\n 43.54854811091286\n ],\n [\n -80.37597656249999,\n 44.276671273775186\n ],\n [\n -78.8818359375,\n 45.058001435398275\n ],\n [\n -79.541015625,\n 46.34692761055676\n ],\n [\n -82.177734375,\n 46.98025235521883\n ],\n [\n -84.375,\n 47.60616304386874\n ],\n [\n -84.6826171875,\n 48.719961222646276\n ],\n [\n -86.2646484375,\n 49.06666839558117\n ],\n [\n -87.6708984375,\n 49.49667452747045\n ],\n [\n -89.9560546875,\n 49.210420445650286\n ],\n [\n -92.548828125,\n 47.754097979680026\n ],\n [\n -92.900390625,\n 46.164614496897094\n ],\n [\n -91.58203125,\n 46.164614496897094\n ],\n [\n -88.9013671875,\n 46.042735653846506\n ],\n [\n -88.330078125,\n 45.583289756006316\n ],\n [\n -88.330078125,\n 44.84029065139799\n ],\n [\n -88.41796875,\n 43.83452678223682\n ],\n [\n -88.3740234375,\n 42.06560675405716\n ],\n [\n -87.7587890625,\n 41.343824581185686\n ],\n [\n -87.099609375,\n 41.27780646738183\n ],\n [\n -86.1328125,\n 41.541477666790286\n ],\n [\n -85.4296875,\n 42.5530802889558\n ],\n [\n -85.95703125,\n 43.929549935614595\n ],\n [\n -84.8583984375,\n 44.84029065139799\n ],\n [\n -84.3310546875,\n 44.99588261816546\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a48e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lucas, Henry F. Jr.","contributorId":54561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucas","given":"Henry","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edgington, David N.","contributorId":17195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edgington","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Colby, Peter J.","contributorId":89831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colby","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1001479,"text":"1001479 - 1970 - Waterfowl breeding habitat in agricultural and nonagricultural land in Manitoba","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-19T17:46:50.889832","indexId":"1001479","displayToPublicDate":"1970-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Waterfowl breeding habitat in agricultural and nonagricultural land in Manitoba","docAbstract":"

Waterfowl populations and habitat characteristics were examined on 33 potholes in each of two 16-square-mile study areas of agricultural and nonagricultural land in southwestern Manitoba. The agricultural land potholes, lacking in or incompletely surrounded by trees, received greater use by lesser scaup (Aythya affinis), canvasback (A. valisineria), redhead (A. americana), coot (Fulica americana), and three species of grebes (Podicipedidae). The nonagricultural land potholes, completely surrounded by trees, were more attractive to blue-winged teal (Anas discors), and mallard (A. platyrhynchos), and over twice as many dabbler broods were censused there. Abundant, undisturbed nesting cover may have been the reason for greater dabbler use on the nonagricultural land potholes since chemical and biological properties suggest more fertile conditions in the agricultural land.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3799499","usgsCitation":"Dwyer, T., 1970, Waterfowl breeding habitat in agricultural and nonagricultural land in Manitoba: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 34, no. 1, p. 130-136, https://doi.org/10.2307/3799499.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"130","endPage":"136","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128765,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","otherGeospatial":"Manitoba","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -101.78193109043474,\n 60.09030199848877\n ],\n [\n -101.78193109043474,\n 49.04708011844869\n ],\n [\n -95.18488657943354,\n 49.04708011844869\n ],\n [\n -95.40983855493064,\n 52.964667026923316\n ],\n [\n -88.80806748674448,\n 57.01717628513886\n ],\n [\n -95.18488657943354,\n 60.09030199848877\n ],\n [\n -101.78193109043474,\n 60.09030199848877\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cbe4b07f02db543d1c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dwyer, T.J.","contributorId":56177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000226,"text":"1000226 - 1970 - Body-scale relation and calculation of growth in fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-25T12:50:41","indexId":"1000226","displayToPublicDate":"1970-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Body-scale relation and calculation of growth in fishes","docAbstract":"Most calculations of fish growth from scale measurements are made from one of four types of curves: straight line through the origin (Dahl-Lea); straight line with intercept (Lee); logarithmic line (Monastyrsky); empirically derived curve (SegerstråYle). Occasionally, different curves are used for different length intervals of fish. Present understanding of the basic principles of research on the body-scale relation is good but certain problems still await clear solution.\nNomographic devices for the calculation of growth appeared early. Many of these unnecessarily had a moving part. The simplest nomograph yet developed and one that can be adapted to any kind of body-scale relation was described by Carlander and Smith. Computers appear to be destined to replace nomographs in most large-scale research on growth.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"London, UK","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1970)99<468:BRACOG>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hile, R., 1970, Body-scale relation and calculation of growth in fishes: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 99, no. 3, p. 468-474, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1970)99<468:BRACOG>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"468","endPage":"474","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128742,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267260,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1970)99<468:BRACOG>2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"99","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67aee4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hile, Ralph","contributorId":48510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hile","given":"Ralph","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1001799,"text":"1001799 - 1970 - Waterfowl in relation to land use and water levels on the Spring Run Area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-02T11:41:10","indexId":"1001799","displayToPublicDate":"1970-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2108,"text":"Iowa State Journal of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Waterfowl in relation to land use and water levels on the Spring Run Area","docAbstract":"Low water levels during critical phases of the breeding cycle appear to have caused population declines of waterfowl and other marsh birds on the Spring Run Game Management Area. Pair-counts indicated a decline from 70 pairs of waterfowl in 1965 to 2 pairs in 1968. Nest success of upland nesting blue-winged teal (Anas discors) averaged 33% and mallards (Anas platyrhyncos) averaged 23%. Blue-winged teal selected nest sites closer to water than did mallards (314 feet versus 424 feet). Teal nested in ungrazed bluegrass (Poa pratensis) in preference to alfalfa (Medicago sativa) hayland. Bromegrass (Bromus inermis) was readily used by teal and mallards when it became available for nesting. Nest success of species nesting overwater was considerably higher: Redheads (Aythya americana) were 55% successful and 93% of 75 coot (Fulica americana) nests hatched. A study of dummy-nests showed nest success significantly higher on ungrazed than on grazed bluegrass. Grazing did not significantly lower total mouse populations but did change species composition because deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) increased as other species declined with grazing.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Iowa State Journal of Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Krapu, G., Parsons, D., and Weller, M., 1970, Waterfowl in relation to land use and water levels on the Spring Run Area: Iowa State Journal of Science, v. 44, no. 4, p. 437-452.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"437","endPage":"452","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133749,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.34994506835938,\n 41.24180361544047\n ],\n [\n -91.31132125854492,\n 41.24180361544047\n ],\n [\n -91.31132125854492,\n 41.27109776324752\n ],\n [\n -91.34994506835938,\n 41.27109776324752\n ],\n [\n -91.34994506835938,\n 41.24180361544047\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"44","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dfe4b07f02db5e3bcd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krapu, Gary L.","contributorId":56994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krapu","given":"Gary L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parsons, D.R.","contributorId":84322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weller, M.W.","contributorId":54562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weller","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1015399,"text":"1015399 - 1970 - [Book review] Problems in systematics of parasites, edited by Gerald D. Schmidt","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-18T17:16:15","indexId":"1015399","displayToPublicDate":"1970-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":743,"text":"American Scientist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"[Book review] Problems in systematics of parasites, edited by Gerald D. Schmidt","docAbstract":"Review of: Problems in systematics of parasites. American Association for the Advancement of Science. Edited by Gerald D. Schmidt. University Park Press, 1969. 131 pages.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Scientist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Society","publisherLocation":"Research Triangle Park, NC","collaboration":"216/FH","usgsCitation":"Hoffman, G.L., 1970, [Book review] Problems in systematics of parasites, edited by Gerald D. Schmidt: American Scientist, v. 58, no. 3, p. 337-338.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"337","endPage":"338","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132457,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db660a86","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffman, G. L.","contributorId":70713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1014253,"text":"1014253 - 1970 - Whirling disease of trout and salmon caused by Myxosoma cerebralis in the United States of America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:32","indexId":"1014253","displayToPublicDate":"1970-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3304,"text":"Rivista Italiana Di Piscicoltura e Ittiopatologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Whirling disease of trout and salmon caused by Myxosoma cerebralis in the United States of America","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Rivista Italiana Di Piscicoltura e Ittiopatologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"214/FH","usgsCitation":"Hoffman, G.L., 1970, Whirling disease of trout and salmon caused by Myxosoma cerebralis in the United States of America: Rivista Italiana Di Piscicoltura e Ittiopatologia, v. 5, no. 2, p. 29-33.","productDescription":"p. 29-33","startPage":"29","endPage":"33","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131805,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e1e4b07f02db5e490e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffman, G. L.","contributorId":70713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1014196,"text":"1014196 - 1970 - Salmonid viruses: Double infection of RTG-2 cells with Egtved and infectious pancreatic necrosis viruses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-06T15:22:18.819605","indexId":"1014196","displayToPublicDate":"1970-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":882,"text":"Archiv Fur Die Gesamte Virusforschung","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Salmonid viruses: Double infection of RTG-2 cells with Egtved and infectious pancreatic necrosis viruses","docAbstract":"

Egtved and infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) viruses were applied at high multiplicity alone and in combination to RTG-2 cells in liquid medium. Procedures were used which selectively suppressed one or the other virus, and the yields were determined after 64 hours at 15°C. The viruses showed an increase of 280 to 450 times the immediate post-adsorption level. Plaques of IPN and Egtved viruses showed some differences which can be helpful in distinguishing between the two agents. Detailed methods and results are given.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01249888","usgsCitation":"Wolf, K., and Vestergard Jorgensen, P.E., 1970, Salmonid viruses: Double infection of RTG-2 cells with Egtved and infectious pancreatic necrosis viruses: Archiv Fur Die Gesamte Virusforschung, v. 29, p. 337-342, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01249888.","productDescription":"6 pp.","startPage":"337","endPage":"342","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197395,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdf4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolf, K.","contributorId":16344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vestergard Jorgensen, P. E.","contributorId":66806,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vestergard Jorgensen","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1013850,"text":"1013850 - 1970 - Chemotherapy of fish diseases: A review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-04T15:28:07.244627","indexId":"1013850","displayToPublicDate":"1970-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemotherapy of fish diseases: A review","docAbstract":"

Fish suffer from environmental, nutritional, viral, bacterial, parasitic, and neoplastic diseases, many of which are similar to those of higher animals. The prevention and treatment of these diseases follow the same principles as diseases of other animals.

Fish culture is similar to poultry husbandry in that large numbers of animals are crowded into relatively small areas, feeding is free choice, and medication for systemic infections is usually oral. External treatment of fishes is more common than of poultry, due to a higher frequency of external diseases.

Many of the drugs and chemicals used in chemotherapy of fishes are the same as for higher animals. The following is a brief review of the more important drugs and their methods of administration.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-6.1.31","usgsCitation":"Herman, R.L., 1970, Chemotherapy of fish diseases: A review: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 6, no. 1, p. 31-34, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-6.1.31.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"34","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488613,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-6.1.31","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":131511,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dde4b07f02db5e258e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herman, R. L.","contributorId":21101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}