Keys to Brewer’s Sparrow (Spizella breweri breweri) management include maintaining extensive, unfragmented patches of suitable breeding habitat; reducing conifer cover and height; preventing the invasion of conifers and nonnative plants, especially cheatgrass (downy brome [Bromus tectorum]); minimizing disturbance to soil; and restricting the use of pesticides and herbicides during the breeding season (April–July). Brewer’s Sparrows have been reported to use breeding habitats with 12–170 centimeter (cm) vegetation height, 2–34 cm visual obstruction reading, 1–74 percent grass cover, less than (<) 19 percent forb cover, 1–65 percent shrub cover, 1–75 percent bare ground, 2–61 percent litter cover, and <1 cm litter depth. During post-fledging dispersal in July, Brewer’s Sparrow adults and young may shift habitat use to nearby aspen (Populus species [spp.]), riparian shrub, or deciduous mountain shrub habitats, so these habitats also may be important for management.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1842AA","usgsCitation":"Walker, B.L., Igl, L.D., and Shaffer, J.A., 2020, The effects of management practices on grassland birds—Brewer’s Sparrow (Spizella breweri breweri), chap. AA of Johnson, D.H., Igl, L.D., Shaffer, J.A., and DeLong, J.P., eds., The effects of management practices on grassland birds: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1842, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1842AA.","productDescription":"iv, 31 p.","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-096452","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":378957,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1842/aa/pp1842aa.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.23 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"PP 1842–AA"},{"id":378956,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1842/aa/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
8711 37th Street Southeast
Jamestown, ND 58401
Near-term extirpations of macroinvertebrates are predicted for mountain streams worldwide as a warming climate drives the recession of high-elevation ice and snow. However, hydrological sources likely vary in their resistance to climate change, and thus streams fed by more resistant sources could persist as climate refugia for imperiled biota. In 2015–2016, we measured habitat characteristics and quantified macroinvertebrate community structure along 6 alpine streams in the Teton Range, Wyoming, USA. Strong differences in habitat characteristics (e.g., temperature, bed stability, conductivity) confirmed 3 major stream sources: surface glaciers, perennial snowfields, and subterranean ice. Subterranean ice-fed streams—termed “icy seeps”—appear common in the Teton Range and elsewhere, yet are globally understudied. Midges in the family Chironomidae dominated our study sites, representing 78.6% of all specimens sampled, with nematodes, caddisflies (Neothremma), and mayflies (Epeorus) also common. At the community scale, glacier- and snowmelt-fed streams differed significantly in multivariate space, with icy-seep communities intermediate between them, incorporating components of both assemblages. Because the thermal environment of subterranean ice, including rock glaciers, is decoupled from large-scale climatic conditions, we predict that icy seeps will remain intact longer than streams fed by surface ice and snow. Furthermore, our results suggest that icy seeps are suitable habitat for many macroinvertebrates occupying streams fed by vulnerable hydrological sources. Thus, icy seeps may act as key climate refugia for mountain stream biodiversity, an idea in need of further investigation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University","doi":"10.3398/064.080.0311","usgsCitation":"Tronstad, L., Hotaling, S., Giersch, J.J., Wilmot, O.J., and Finn, D.S., 2020, Headwaters fed by subterranean ice: Potential climate refugia for alpine stream communities?: Western North American Naturalist, v. 3, no. 80, p. 395-407, https://doi.org/10.3398/064.080.0311.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"395","endPage":"407","ipdsId":"IP-110169","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455125,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/788273","text":"External Repository"},{"id":386021,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Grand Teton National Park, Jedediah Smith Wilderness","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.99349975585938,\n 43.4947753137023\n ],\n [\n -110.42633056640625,\n 43.4947753137023\n ],\n [\n -110.42633056640625,\n 44.12801374373221\n ],\n [\n -110.99349975585938,\n 44.12801374373221\n ],\n [\n -110.99349975585938,\n 43.4947753137023\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"80","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tronstad, Lusha M.","contributorId":224819,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tronstad","given":"Lusha M.","affiliations":[{"id":40947,"text":"Wyoming Natural Diversity Database, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":816646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hotaling, Scott 0000-0002-5965-0986","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5965-0986","contributorId":176860,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hotaling","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Giersch, J. Joseph 0000-0001-7818-3941 jgiersch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7818-3941","contributorId":198074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giersch","given":"J.","email":"jgiersch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Joseph","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":816648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilmot, Oliver J.","contributorId":258868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilmot","given":"Oliver","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":52320,"text":"Wyoming Natural Diversity Database, University of Wyoming","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":816649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Finn, Debra S.","contributorId":198312,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Finn","given":"Debra","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70215014,"text":"70215014 - 2020 - Can oceanic prey effects on growth and time to fledging mediate terrestrial predator limitation of an at‐risk seabird?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-06T16:36:03.416549","indexId":"70215014","displayToPublicDate":"2020-10-05T11:28:51","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Can oceanic prey effects on growth and time to fledging mediate terrestrial predator limitation of an at‐risk seabird?","docAbstract":"Most seabird species nest colonially on cliffs or islands with limited terrestrial predation, so that oceanic effects on the quality or quantity of prey fed to chicks more often determine nest success. However, when predator access increases, impacts can be dramatic, especially when exposure to predators is extended due to slow growth from inadequate food. Kittlitz’s Murrelet (Brachyramphus brevirostris), a rare seabird having experienced serious declines, nests solitarily on the ground in barren, often alpine areas where exposure to predators is generally low. Nestling growth rates are exceptionally high and nestling periods very short relative to other Alcidae. This strategy reduces duration of exposure to predators, but demands adequate deliveries of high‐energy prey. In an area where foxes can access nests, we investigated whether varying energy content of prey fed to chicks could alter growth rates and resulting duration of predator exposure, and whether prolonged exposure appreciably reduced nest success. From 2009 to 2016, we monitored 139 nests; 49% were depredated (almost all by foxes) and 25% fledged. Prey fed to nestlings were 80% Pacific sand lance (Ammodytes personatus) and 19% capelin (Mallotus villosus), with capelin having 2.3× higher energy content per fish. In a year of slow chick growth, increased sand lance energy density of 31% (4.29–5.64 kJ/g, within published values), or increased proportion of capelin in the diet from 5.6% to 27.2%, would have allowed maximum chick growth. Maximum growth rates were attainable by delivering only 1.9 capelin/d versus 5.5 sand lance/d. Slow growth increased time to fledging by up to 5 d, decreasing survival by 7.7% (0.142–0.131). Breeding propensity of Kittlitz’s Murrelet averages only 20%, so even small changes in nest success could affect populations. Although nest success was limited mainly by predation, oceanic effects on prey quantity and quality had overriding impacts in one year (2015 heat wave), and small but substantive effects in other years by mediating exposure to predation. Climate warming that decreases availability of high‐energy forage fish, or increases expansion of predators into nesting habitats, may disproportionately affect this sensitive species and others with predator‐accessible nests and demands for energy‐rich prey.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.3229","usgsCitation":"Knudson, T., Lovvorn, J.R., Lawonn, M.J., Corcoran, R., Roby, D., Piatt, J.F., and Pyle, W., 2020, Can oceanic prey effects on growth and time to fledging mediate terrestrial predator limitation of an at‐risk seabird?: Ecosphere, v. 11, no. 10, e03229, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3229.","productDescription":"e03229, 20 p.","ipdsId":"IP-104627","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455127,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3229","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":379090,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kodiak Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -154.072265625,\n 57.844750992891\n ],\n [\n -154.9951171875,\n 57.326521225217064\n ],\n [\n -154.20410156249997,\n 56.46249048388979\n ],\n [\n -151.4794921875,\n 57.58655886615978\n ],\n [\n -151.875,\n 58.6769376725869\n ],\n [\n -154.072265625,\n 57.844750992891\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-10-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knudson, Timothy","contributorId":242627,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knudson","given":"Timothy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48489,"text":"Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":800541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lovvorn, James R.","contributorId":167714,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lovvorn","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":13212,"text":"Southern Illinois University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":800542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lawonn, M. James","contributorId":242628,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lawonn","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"James","affiliations":[{"id":13016,"text":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":800610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Corcoran, Robin","contributorId":242629,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Corcoran","given":"Robin","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":800544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Roby, Dan","contributorId":242630,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roby","given":"Dan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13016,"text":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":800545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":800546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pyle, William","contributorId":242631,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pyle","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":800547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70217187,"text":"70217187 - 2020 - High site fidelity does not equate to population genetic structure for common goldeneye and Barrow's goldeneye in North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-11T16:38:49.270248","indexId":"70217187","displayToPublicDate":"2020-10-05T10:12:49","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2190,"text":"Journal of Avian Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High site fidelity does not equate to population genetic structure for common goldeneye and Barrow's goldeneye in North America","docAbstract":"Delineation of population structure provides valuable information for conservation and management of species, as levels of demographic and genetic connectivity not only affect population dynamics but also have important implications for adaptability and resiliency of populations and species. Here, we measure population genetic structure and connectivity across the ranges of two sister species of sea ducks: Barrow's goldeneye Bucephala islandica and common goldeneye B. clangula. We use two different marker types: 7–8 nuclear microsatellite loci assayed across 229 samples and 3678 double digest restriction‐site associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD‐seq) loci assayed across 61 samples. First, both datasets found no evidence of genetic structure within common or Barrow's goldeneye, including between North American and European samples of common goldeneye. These results are in contrast with previous mitochondrial DNA, band recovery and telemetry data which suggest that goldeneyes are structured across their range. We posit that the discordance between autosomal genetic markers and other data types suggests that males, possibly subadult males, may be maintaining genetic connectivity across each species' respective ranges. Next, although mate choice consequences resulting from inter‐specific brood parasitism was hypothesized to cause some level of gene flow between goldeneye species, we only identified a single F1 hybrid with no further evidence of contemporary or historical gene flow. Despite ddRAD‐seq demographic analyses which recovered an optimum evolutionary model of split‐with‐migration (i.e. secondary contact), estimates of gene flow were <<1 migrant per generation in both directions. Together, we conclude that either strong ecological barriers or assortative mating are likely playing a role in preventing further backcrossing. Finally, demographic analyses estimated a relatively deep divergence time between Barrow's goldeneye and common goldeneye of ~1.6 million years before present and suggests that the genomes of both species have been under similar evolutionary constraints.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jav.02600","usgsCitation":"Brown, J.I., Lavretsky, P., Wilson, R.E., Haughey, C., Boyd, W., Esler, D., Talbot, S.L., and Sonsthagen, S.A., 2020, High site fidelity does not equate to population genetic structure for common goldeneye and Barrow's goldeneye in North America: Journal of Avian Biology, v. 51, no. 12, e02600, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1111/jav.02600.","productDescription":"e02600, 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-118941","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":436766,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9D8CN8M","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Genetic Data from Barrow's Goldeneye and Common Goldeneye"},{"id":382061,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, Denmark, Mexico, United States","volume":"51","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-12-17","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Joshua I.","contributorId":247561,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":807900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lavretsky, Philip","contributorId":60542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lavretsky","given":"Philip","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":807901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, Robert E. 0000-0003-1800-0183 rewilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1800-0183","contributorId":5718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Robert","email":"rewilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haughey, Christy 0000-0002-4846-6008","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4846-6008","contributorId":220547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haughey","given":"Christy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Boyd, W. Sean","contributorId":241002,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyd","given":"W. Sean","affiliations":[{"id":48188,"text":"Environment Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":807904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Esler, Daniel 0000-0001-5501-4555 desler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5501-4555","contributorId":5465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esler","given":"Daniel","email":"desler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":12437,"text":"Simon Fraser University, Centre for Wildlife Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Talbot, Sandra L. 0000-0002-3312-7214 stalbot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3312-7214","contributorId":140512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbot","given":"Sandra","email":"stalbot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sonsthagen, Sarah A. 0000-0001-6215-5874 ssonsthagen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6215-5874","contributorId":3711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sonsthagen","given":"Sarah","email":"ssonsthagen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70229066,"text":"70229066 - 2020 - Lessons learned from the first worldwide accessible e-learning in Landscape Ecology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-28T16:06:00.747933","indexId":"70229066","displayToPublicDate":"2020-10-05T09:57:55","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":10137,"text":"Landscape Online","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lessons learned from the first worldwide accessible e-learning in Landscape Ecology","docAbstract":"Massive open online courses (MOOCs) are distance learning tools for individualized learning. They allow students to learn at their own pace in a virtual classroom. We describe success and pitfalls of the MOOC Landscape Ecology, designed as an undergraduate University course taught by an international consortium of Professors covering theory and application of the field. The paper describes course performance with summary metrics, illustrates contents and didactic tools, and provides a list of suggestions for instructors who engage in distant learning. We identify the following five key success factors for this and related MOOCs: (1) commitment and passion of an international consortium of lecturers; (2) a sound mixture of theory and practice; (3) numerous field-videos; (4) content and skill-oriented practicums (here using R, GIS, remote sensing); and (5) interactive formats where students discuss and share their opinions. In all runs of our MOOC we experienced some difficulties with peer-assessed writing tasks due to widely differing “review cultures”. The instructor-paced MOOC attracted over 3500 students in 2018 and 2019, and had comparably high completion rates (14% and 11%, respectively), compared to typical MOOC completion rates ranging from 5% to 15%. Completion rates in our self-paced run in 2020 were 8-9% only.
","language":"English","publisher":"Landscape Online","doi":"10.3097/LO.202083","usgsCitation":"Kienast Felix, Selina, G., Edwards, T.C., and Gregor, M., 2020, Lessons learned from the first worldwide accessible e-learning in Landscape Ecology: Landscape Online, v. 83, p. 1-14, https://doi.org/10.3097/LO.202083.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"14","ipdsId":"IP-121434","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455133,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3097/lo.202083","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":396559,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"83","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-10-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kienast Felix","contributorId":286980,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kienast Felix","affiliations":[{"id":61440,"text":"swi","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Selina, Gosteli","contributorId":286981,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Selina","given":"Gosteli","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":61442,"text":"intosens","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Edwards, Thomas C. Jr. 0000-0002-0773-0909 tce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0773-0909","contributorId":2061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Thomas","suffix":"Jr.","email":"tce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":836393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gregor, Martius","contributorId":286982,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gregor","given":"Martius","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":61443,"text":"gem...","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70215614,"text":"70215614 - 2020 - High parasite diversity in the amphipod Gammarus lacustris in a subarctic lake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-13T20:35:44.909819","indexId":"70215614","displayToPublicDate":"2020-10-05T09:34:43","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"High parasite diversity in the amphipod Gammarus lacustris in a subarctic lake","title":"High parasite diversity in the amphipod Gammarus lacustris in a subarctic lake","docAbstract":"Amphipods are often key species in aquatic food webs due to their functional roles in the ecosystem and as intermediate hosts for trophically transmitted parasites. Amphipods can also host many parasite species, yet few studies address the entire parasite community of a gammarid population, precluding a more dynamic understanding of the food web. We set out to identify and quantify the parasite community of Gammarus lacustris to understand the contributions of the amphipod and its parasites to the Takvatn food web. We identified seven parasite taxa: a direct life cycle gregarine, Rotundula sp., and larval stages of two digenean trematode genera, two cestodes, one nematode, and one acanthocephalan. The larval parasites use either birds or fishes as final hosts. Bird parasites predominated, with trematode Plagiorchis sp. having the highest prevalence (69%) and mean abundance (2.7). Fish parasites were also common, including trematodes Crepidostomum spp., nematode Cystidicola farionis, and cestode Cyathocephalus truncatus (prevalences 13, 6, and 3%, respectively). Five parasites depend entirely on G. lacustris to complete their life cycle. At least 11.4% of the overall parasite diversity in the lake was dependent on G. lacustris, and 16% of the helminth diversity required or used the amphipod in their life cycles. These dependencies reveal that in addition to being a key prey item in subarctic lakes, G. lacustris is also an important host for maintaining parasite diversity in such ecosystems.
The nanoscale molecular composition of sedimentary organic matter is challenging to characterize in situ given the limited tools available that can adequately interrogate its complex chemical structure. This is a particularly relevant issue in source rocks, as kerogen composition will strongly impact its reactivity and so is critical to understanding petroleum generation processes during catagenesis. The recent advent of tip-enhanced analytical methods, such as atomic force microscopy-based infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR), has allowed for the major compositional features of kerogen and other types of in situ organic matter to be elucidated at spatial resolutions at or below 50 nm. Here AFM-IR was applied to examine inertinite, an important organic matter type, present in a thermally immature Eagle Ford calcareous mudstone. The data show that the nanoscale molecular composition of the examined inertinite is (i) less heterogeneous than solid bitumen in more thermally mature Eagle Ford samples and (ii) more hydrogen- and oxygen-rich than inertinite examined in the New Albany Shale.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2020.103608","usgsCitation":"Jubb, A., Hackley, P.C., Birdwell, J.E., Hatcherian, J.J., and Qu, J., 2020, Examination of inertinite within immature Eagle Ford Shale at the nanometer-scale using atomic force microscopy-based infrared spectroscopy: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 231, 103608, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2020.103608.","productDescription":"103608, 4 p.","ipdsId":"IP-120851","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455138,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2020.103608","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":379165,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Eagle Ford Shale, Bechtel Well","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.14773559570312,\n 28.810986808864513\n ],\n [\n -97.88955688476562,\n 28.810986808864513\n ],\n [\n -97.88955688476562,\n 29.012944302424863\n ],\n [\n -98.14773559570312,\n 29.012944302424863\n ],\n [\n -98.14773559570312,\n 28.810986808864513\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"231","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jubb, Aaron M. 0000-0001-6875-1079","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6875-1079","contributorId":201978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jubb","given":"Aaron M.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":800664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hackley, Paul C. 0000-0002-5957-2551 phackley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5957-2551","contributorId":592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackley","given":"Paul","email":"phackley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":800665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Birdwell, Justin E. 0000-0001-8263-1452 jbirdwell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8263-1452","contributorId":3302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Birdwell","given":"Justin","email":"jbirdwell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":569,"text":"Southwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":800666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hatcherian, Javin J. 0000-0001-9151-6798 jhatcherian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9151-6798","contributorId":195770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatcherian","given":"Javin","email":"jhatcherian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":800667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Qu, Jing","contributorId":242671,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Qu","given":"Jing","affiliations":[{"id":13359,"text":"University of Delaware","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":800668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70216985,"text":"70216985 - 2020 - Numerical characterization of cohesive and non-cohesive ‘sediments’ under different consolidation states using 3D DEM triaxial experiments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-22T13:34:43.020255","indexId":"70216985","displayToPublicDate":"2020-10-05T07:32:43","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7473,"text":"Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Numerical characterization of cohesive and non-cohesive ‘sediments’ under different consolidation states using 3D DEM triaxial experiments","docAbstract":"Landscapes evolve in response to prolonged and/or intense precipitation resulting from atmospheric processes at various spatial and temporal scales. Whereas synoptic (large‐scale) features (e.g., atmospheric rivers and hurricanes) govern regional‐scale hydrologic hazards such as widespread flooding, mesoscale features such as thunderstorms or squall lines are more likely to trigger localized geomorphic hazards such as landslides. Thus, to better understand relations between hydrometeorological drivers and landscape response, a knowledge of mesoscale meteorology and its impacts is needed. Here we investigate the extreme geomorphic response associated with one type of mesoscale meteorological feature, the narrow cold frontal rainband (NCFR). Resulting from low‐level convergence and shallow convection along a cold front, NCFRs are narrow bands of high‐intensity rainfall that occur in midlatitude areas of the world. Our study examines an NCFR impacting the Sierra Nevada foothills (California, USA) that initiated over 500 landslides, mobilized ~360,000 metric tons of sediment to the fluvial system (as much as 16 times the local annual sediment yield), and severely damaged local infrastructure and regional water transport facilities. Coupling geomorphological field investigations with meteorological analyses, we demonstrate that precipitation associated with the NCFR was both intense (maximum 15 min intensity of 70 mm/hr) and localized, resulting in a highly concentrated band of shallow landsliding. This meteorological phenomenon likely plays an important role in landscape evolution and hazard initiation. Other types of mesoscale meteorological features also occur globally and offer new avenues for understanding the effects of storms on landscapes.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Haroldson, M.A., and van Manen, F.T., 2020, Whitebark pine cone production - 2020: Project Summary, 2 p.","productDescription":"2 p.","ipdsId":"IP-123075","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":382607,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":378978,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.usgs.gov/media/files/2020-whitebark-pine-report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.20361328125,\n 44.06390660801779\n ],\n [\n -110.291748046875,\n 43.1090040242731\n ],\n [\n -109.83032226562499,\n 43.01268088642034\n ],\n [\n -109.10522460937499,\n 42.52069952914966\n ],\n [\n -108.555908203125,\n 42.52879629320373\n ],\n [\n -108.61083984375,\n 42.74701217318067\n ],\n [\n -109.22607421875,\n 43.14909399920127\n ],\n [\n -109.21508789062499,\n 43.667871610117494\n ],\n [\n -108.797607421875,\n 43.77902662160831\n ],\n [\n -109.171142578125,\n 44.33956524809713\n ],\n [\n -109.21508789062499,\n 45.27488643704891\n ],\n [\n -110.511474609375,\n 45.79816953017265\n ],\n [\n -112.071533203125,\n 45.805828539928356\n ],\n [\n -112.335205078125,\n 45.22848059584359\n ],\n [\n -112.203369140625,\n 44.59829048984011\n ],\n [\n -111.20361328125,\n 44.06390660801779\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haroldson, Mark A. 0000-0002-7457-7676 mharoldson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7457-7676","contributorId":1773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haroldson","given":"Mark","email":"mharoldson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":800411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"van Manen, Frank T. 0000-0001-5340-8489 fvanmanen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5340-8489","contributorId":2267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Manen","given":"Frank","email":"fvanmanen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":800412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70215008,"text":"70215008 - 2020 - Effects of early life stage exposure of largemouth bass to atrazine or a model estrogen (17α-ethinylestradiol)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-06T20:03:55.160651","indexId":"70215008","displayToPublicDate":"2020-10-02T11:37:46","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3840,"text":"PeerJ","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of early life stage exposure of largemouth bass to atrazine or a model estrogen (17α-ethinylestradiol)","docAbstract":"Endocrine disrupting contaminants are of continuing concern for potentially contributing to reproductive dysfunction in largemouth and smallmouth bass in the Chesapeake Bay watershed (CBW) and elsewhere. Exposures to atrazine (ATR) have been hypothesized to have estrogenic effects on vertebrate endocrine systems. The incidence of intersex in male smallmouth bass from some regions of CBW has been correlated with ATR concentrations in water. Fish early life stages may be particularly vulnerable to ATR exposure in agricultural areas, as a spring influx of pesticides coincides with spawning and early development. Our objectives were to investigate the effects of early life stage exposure to ATR or the model estrogen 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) on sexual differentiation and gene expression in gonad tissue. We exposed newly hatched largemouth bass (LMB, Micropterus salmoides) from 7 to 80 days post-spawn to nominal concentrations of 1, 10, or 100 µg ATR/L or 1 or 10 ng EE2/L and monitored histological development and transcriptomic changes in gonad tissue. We observed a nearly 100% female sex ratio in LMB exposed to EE2 at 10 ng/L, presumably due to sex reversal of males. Many gonad genes were differentially expressed between sexes. Multidimensional scaling revealed clustering by gene expression of the 1 ng EE2/L and 100 µg ATR/L-treated male fish. Some pathways responsive to EE2 exposure were not sex-specific. We observed differential expression in male gonad in LMB exposed to EE2 at 1 ng/L of several genes involved in reproductive development and function, including star, cyp11a2, ddx4 (previously vasa), wnt5b, cyp1a and samhd1. Expression of star, cyp11a2 and cyp1a in males was also responsive to ATR exposure. Overall, our results confirm that early development is a sensitive window for estrogenic endocrine disruption in LMB and are consistent with the hypothesis that ATR exposure induces some estrogenic responses in the developing gonad. However, ATR-specific and EE2-specific responses were also observed.
","language":"English","publisher":"PeerJ","doi":"10.7717/peerj.9614","usgsCitation":"Leet, J.K., Richter, C.A., Cornman, R.S., Berninger, J., Bhandari, R., Nicks, D., Zajicek, J., Blazer, V., and Tillitt, D.E., 2020, Effects of early life stage exposure of largemouth bass to atrazine or a model estrogen (17α-ethinylestradiol): PeerJ, v. 8, e9614, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9614.","productDescription":"e9614, 26 p.","ipdsId":"IP-113098","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455149,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9614","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436768,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P93ZE9D6","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Effects of early life stage exposure of largemouth bass to atrazine or a model estrogen (17a-ethinylestradiol)"},{"id":379091,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, West Virginia, Virginia, Delaware","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.00341796875,\n 42.84375132629021\n ],\n [\n -78.42041015625,\n 40.43022363450862\n ],\n [\n -79.82666015625,\n 39.2832938689385\n ],\n [\n -80.79345703125,\n 37.68382032669382\n ],\n [\n -79.69482421875,\n 37.31775185163688\n ],\n [\n -76.48681640625,\n 37.03763967977139\n ],\n [\n -75.38818359375,\n 38.77121637244273\n ],\n [\n -75.65185546874999,\n 39.605688178320804\n ],\n [\n -74.72900390625,\n 42.342305278572816\n ],\n [\n -76.00341796875,\n 42.84375132629021\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-10-02","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leet, Jessica Kristin 0000-0001-8142-6043","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8142-6043","contributorId":225505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leet","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"Kristin","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":800531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Richter, Catherine A. 0000-0001-7322-4206 crichter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7322-4206","contributorId":138994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richter","given":"Catherine","email":"crichter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":800532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cornman, Robert S. 0000-0001-9511-2192 rcornman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9511-2192","contributorId":5356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cornman","given":"Robert","email":"rcornman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":800533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Berninger, Jason P.","contributorId":173602,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Berninger","given":"Jason P.","affiliations":[{"id":6914,"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":800534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bhandari, Ramji K.","contributorId":215751,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bhandari","given":"Ramji K.","affiliations":[{"id":39315,"text":"Department of Biology, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":800535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nicks, Diane K.","contributorId":242624,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nicks","given":"Diane K.","affiliations":[{"id":27990,"text":"Deceased","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":800536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zajicek, James L.","contributorId":211483,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zajicek","given":"James L.","affiliations":[{"id":38257,"text":"USGS-Columbia Environmental Research Center, Columbia, MO (Retired)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":800537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Blazer, Vicki S. 0000-0001-6647-9614 vblazer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":150384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"Vicki S.","email":"vblazer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":800538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Tillitt, Donald E. 0000-0002-8278-3955 dtillitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8278-3955","contributorId":1875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"Donald","email":"dtillitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":800539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70216810,"text":"70216810 - 2020 - Carbon storage and sediment trapping by Egeria densa Planch., a globally invasive, freshwater macrophyte","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-08T13:41:37.126308","indexId":"70216810","displayToPublicDate":"2020-10-02T07:40:37","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbon storage and sediment trapping by Egeria densa Planch., a globally invasive, freshwater macrophyte","docAbstract":"Invasive plants have long been recognized for altering ecosystem properties, but their long-term impacts on ecosystem processes remain largely unknown. In this study, we determined the impact of Egeria densa Planch, a globally invasive freshwater macrophyte, on sedimentation processes in a large tidal freshwater region. We measured carbon accumulation (CARs) and inorganic sedimentation rates in submerged aquatic vegetation SAV dominated by E. densa and compared these rates to those of adjacent tidal freshwater marshes. Study sites were chosen along a range of hydrodynamic conditions in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta of California, USA, where E. densa has been widespread since 1990. Cores were analyzed for bulk density, % inorganic matter, % organic carbon, 210Pb, and 137Cs. Our results show that E. densa patches constitute sinks for both “blue carbon” and inorganic sediment. Compared to marshes, E. densa patches have greater inorganic sedimentation rates (E. densa: 1103–5989 g m−2 yr−1, marsh: 393–1001 g m−2 yr−1, p < 0.01) and vertical accretion rates (E. densa: 0.4–1.3 cm yr−1, marsh: 0.3–0.5 cm yr−1, p < 0.05), but similar CARs (E. densa: 59–242 g C m−2 yr−1, marsh: 109–169 g C m−2 yr−1, p > 0.05). Sediment stored by E. densa likely reduces the resilience of adjacent marshes by depleting the sediment available for marsh-building. Because of its harmful traits, E. densa is not a suitable candidate for mitigating carbon pollution; however, currently invaded habitats may already contain a meaningful component of regional carbon budgets. Our results strongly suggest that E. densa patches are sinks for carbon and inorganic sediment throughout its global range, raising questions about how invasive SAV is altering biogeochemical cycling and sediment dynamics across freshwater ecosystems.
Restoration and rehabilitation are globally implemented to improve ecosystem condition but often without tracking treatment expenditures relative to ecological outcomes. We evaluated the cost‐effectiveness of widely conducted woody plant and herbaceous invasive plant removals and seeding treatments in drylands of the western United States from 2004 to 2018 to determine how land managers can optimize efforts. Woody plant cover decreased at a similar rate per dollar spent regardless of vegetation removal type, and the dominant invasive species was reduced by herbicide application. Relatively inexpensive herbicide application also had a large positive effect on seeded perennial grass cover that was enhanced by additional cost; while expensive woody mastication treatments had little effect regardless of additional cost. High seed cost was driven by including a large proportion of native species in seed mixes, and combined with high seeding cost, promoted a short‐term (2–3 yr) gain in perennial forb cover and species richness. In contrast, seeding and seed mix cost had no bearing on seeded perennial grass cover, in part, because relatively cheap nonnative seeded species rapidly increased in cover. Our results suggest the differential benefits of commonly implemented treatments aimed at reducing wildfire risk, improving wildlife habitat and forage, and reducing erosion. Given the growing need and cost of restoration and rehabilitation, we raise the importance of specifying treatment budgets and objectives, coupled with effectiveness monitoring, to improve future outcomes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/eap.2151","usgsCitation":"Munson, S.M., Yackulic, E.O., Bair, L.S., Copeland, S.M., and Gunnell, K.L., 2020, The biggest bang for the buck: Cost‐effective vegetation treatment outcomes across drylands of the western United States: Ecological Applications, v. 30, no. 7, e02151, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2151.","productDescription":"e02151, 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-110179","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":382899,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"30","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-06-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Munson, Seth M. 0000-0002-2736-6374 smunson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2736-6374","contributorId":1334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munson","given":"Seth","email":"smunson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":809728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yackulic, Ethan O. eyackulic@contractor.usgs.gov","contributorId":248716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yackulic","given":"Ethan","email":"eyackulic@contractor.usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":809733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bair, Lucas S. 0000-0002-9911-3624 lbair@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9911-3624","contributorId":5270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bair","given":"Lucas","email":"lbair@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":809730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Copeland, Stella M. 0000-0001-6707-4803 scopeland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6707-4803","contributorId":169538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Copeland","given":"Stella","email":"scopeland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":809731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gunnell, Kevin L. 0000-0003-4157-7140","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4157-7140","contributorId":214119,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gunnell","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":38982,"text":"Great Basin Research Center, Utah Division of Wildlife Resources, Ephraim, UT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":809734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70209315,"text":"sir20205023 - 2020 - Distribution of selected hydrogeologic characteristics of the upper glacial and Magothy aquifers, Long Island, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-01T19:44:37.604527","indexId":"sir20205023","displayToPublicDate":"2020-10-01T14:05:00","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2020-5023","displayTitle":"Distribution of Selected Hydrogeologic Characteristics of the Upper Glacial and Magothy Aquifers, Long Island, New York","title":"Distribution of selected hydrogeologic characteristics of the upper glacial and Magothy aquifers, Long Island, New York","docAbstract":"The Pleistocene- and Cretaceous-age sediments underlying Long Island, New York, compose an important sole-source aquifer system that is nearly 2,000 feet thick in some areas. Sediment characteristics of importance for water supply include water-transmitting properties—horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivity—and the distribution of lignite, which provides an important control on oxygen-reduction (redox) conditions and water quality, in Cretaceous-age aquifers. Several decades of urbanization and the associated need to meet water demand have generated abundant data on the lithology of the aquifer sediments and the potential for an improved regional-scale understanding of this aquifer system. There is a range in the source and quality of the information, but large amounts of data, even of lesser quality, can yield insight into important aquifer characteristics.
The distribution of the horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivity and the probability of occurrence of lignite and clay in the aquifer were developed for this study from a database of drilling records and geophysical logs. Lithologic descriptions were categorized into a set of standardized codes, which in turn, were aggregated into a set of general codes for the Pleistocene-age upper glacial and Cretaceous-age Magothy aquifers. General values of hydraulic conductivity were assigned to each code from published estimates on Long Island and analogous hydrogeologic environments on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. A binary value of 1 or 0 was assigned to each coded interval to indicate the presence or absence of lignite or based on keywords in the lithologic descriptions. This information was assembled into a geographic information system database that was queried sequentially and used to develop gridded values of each aquifer characteristic by use of ordinary kriging for a set of grids, each representing 10-foot-thick planar slices for the entire vertical thickness of each aquifer. These sets of grids, taken as a whole, represent a quasi-three-dimensional representation of each aquifer characteristic in both the upper glacial and Magothy aquifers.
The analysis of hydraulic conductivity shows patterns that generally reflect known depositional features of each unit and are consistent with the current understanding of the geology of the aquifers. Spatial patterns in the upper glacial aquifer show contrasts in estimated hydraulic conductivity: lower values occur in inland areas and likely are associated with glacial moraines; higher values generally occur to the south in association with glacial outwash. Higher values of hydraulic conductivity in the Magothy aquifer, which resulted from deltaic deposition, generally occur in the basal parts of the unit, are associated with channel-lag deposits and are found in parts of the aquifer known for large well yields. Lower values of hydraulic conductivity generally occur in middle parts of the aquifer associated with deposition in overbank and wetland environments. The probability of lignite occurrence is highest in this same vertical zone of the Magothy aquifer, consistent with deposition in wetland environments. The probability of lignite occurrence generally is highest along the southern shore of the island. Lignite occurrence generally is consistent with water-quality patterns; water quality in these same areas indicate chemically reducing conditions and redox-related iron biofouling commonly occurs.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20205023","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","usgsCitation":"Walter, D.A., and Finkelstein, J.S., 2020, Distribution of selected hydrogeologic characteristics of the upper glacial and Magothy aquifers, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2020–5023, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20205023.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 21 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"21","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-111547","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":377889,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P954DLLC","text":"USGS data release","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"linkHelpText":"Aquifer texture data describing the Long Island aquifer system"},{"id":377890,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5023/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":377891,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5023/sir20205023.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.44 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2020-5023"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Long Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.11926269531249,\n 40.49291502689579\n ],\n [\n -71.85058593749999,\n 40.49291502689579\n ],\n [\n -71.7681884765625,\n 41.269549502842565\n ],\n [\n -74.11926269531249,\n 41.10832999732831\n ],\n [\n -74.11926269531249,\n 40.49291502689579\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New England Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
10 Bearfoot Road
Northborough, MA 01532
For complex structures where the seismic response depends appreciably on the vertical (V) component of ground motion (GM) (e.g., base-isolated buildings, long-span bridges, dams, nuclear power plants), incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) is commonly utilized to estimate seismic risk, where the V components of GM are selected and scaled based on the corresponding horizontal (H) components. The resulting seismic risk (e.g., fragility estimates, annual rates of failure) will likely be significantly biased when the scale factors in IDA are very large. As an alternative to IDA, multiple stripe analyses (MSA) with GMs for each stripe selected from the Conditional Spectrum (CS) can be used to estimate the seismic risk; however, the V components are still commonly selected and scaled based on the corresponding H components. Consequently, these V components may still be inconsistent relative to the corresponding target hazard, again yielding biased estimates of seismic risk. To improve the accuracy of seismic risk estimates, we extend the CS to include the V component of GM and present an approach to select multicomponent GMs that are hazard consistent with respect to all three components of GM. Using the target and the GM selection approach developed in this study, we then evaluate typical current practice for selecting and scaling V components of GM. We observe that the latter approach can yield hazard-inconsistent multicomponent GMs, but hazard consistency can be improved by including the V component in the selection process, constraining the scale factors, or widening the period range for selecting GMs.
","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 17th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering","language":"English","publisher":"Japan Association for Earthquake Engineering","usgsCitation":"Kwong, N.S., Jaiswal, K.S., Luco, N., and Baker, J.W., 2020, Selecting three components of ground motions from Conditional Spectra for multiple stripe analyses, in Proceedings of the 17th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, 12 p.","productDescription":"12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-115998","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":378960,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.17wcee.jp/program.php#a_proceedings"},{"id":378961,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kwong, N. Simon 0000-0003-3017-9585","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3017-9585","contributorId":241863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwong","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"Simon","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":800073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jaiswal, Kishor S. 0000-0002-5803-8007 kjaiswal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5803-8007","contributorId":149796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaiswal","given":"Kishor","email":"kjaiswal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":800074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Luco, Nico 0000-0002-5763-9847 nluco@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5763-9847","contributorId":145730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luco","given":"Nico","email":"nluco@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":800075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baker, J. W. 0000-0003-2744-9599","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2744-9599","contributorId":198187,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baker","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":800076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70228502,"text":"70228502 - 2020 - Fort Peck paddlefish population survival and abundance in the Missouri River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-11T17:08:46.71916","indexId":"70228502","displayToPublicDate":"2020-10-01T11:01:00","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2166,"text":"Journal of Applied Ichthyology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fort Peck paddlefish population survival and abundance in the Missouri River","docAbstract":"Excessive fishing pressure can induce population declines or complete collapse of fisheries. Unless commercial and recreational fisheries for K-selected fishes, or those with slow growth and late maturation, are carefully managed, declines in abundance or fishery collapse is probable. Paddlefish Polyodon spathula,are a K-selected species that experienced historical declines in abundance as a result of habitat degradation and overfishing. Mark-recapture studies are well-suited for long-lived fishes by providing information on population density and vital rates. For sustainable commercial or recreational fisheries targeting species such as the paddlefish, managers require accurate estimates of population vital rates including survival, abundance, and exploitation. We used a Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks (MFWP) mark-recapture dataset and modified Jolly-Seber (POPAN) models to estimate survival, recapture, probability of entry, and abundance of 8,518 tagged paddlefish over a 25-year period. With many supporting estimates including stable survival (0.92 for females, mean of 0.82 for males), low exploitation rates (means of 2.6% for females and 2.9% for males), and stable abundance estimates (25-year mean of 12,309 individuals for both sexes), the Fort Peck paddlefish population appears to be stable and well-managed over the past 25 years. Presently, this is the only study focused on paddlefish in North America that has estimated survival and abundance for both male and female paddlefish using contemporary analyses. This research provided a unique opportunity to highlight that the effort exerted by management agencies to collect long-term field data is extremely useful to our understanding of fish populations and management.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jai.14067","usgsCitation":"Glassic, H., Guy, C.S., Rotella, J.J., Nagel, C.J., Schmetterling, D.A., and Dalbey, S.R., 2020, Fort Peck paddlefish population survival and abundance in the Missouri River: Journal of Applied Ichthyology, v. 36, no. 5, p. 559-567, https://doi.org/10.1111/jai.14067.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"559","endPage":"567","ipdsId":"IP-117176","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455154,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jai.14067","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":395852,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Fort Peck Reservoir, Missouri River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.39984130859374,\n 48.03401915864286\n ],\n [\n -106.51519775390625,\n 48.026672195436014\n ],\n [\n -106.66900634765625,\n 47.964180715412276\n ],\n [\n -106.67449951171875,\n 47.868459093342956\n ],\n [\n -106.78985595703124,\n 47.80577611936809\n ],\n [\n -107.00958251953125,\n 47.75779097897638\n ],\n [\n -107.0123291015625,\n 47.70976154266637\n ],\n [\n -107.26226806640625,\n 47.69867153529717\n ],\n [\n -107.3583984375,\n 47.74486433470359\n ],\n [\n -107.4627685546875,\n 47.700520033704954\n ],\n [\n -107.46551513671875,\n 47.645036570200226\n ],\n [\n -107.51220703125,\n 47.66723703450518\n ],\n [\n -107.74841308593749,\n 47.68573021131587\n ],\n [\n -107.8912353515625,\n 47.5394554474239\n ],\n [\n -107.91046142578125,\n 47.58023129789275\n ],\n [\n -108.05877685546875,\n 47.622826666563675\n ],\n [\n -108.424072265625,\n 47.633932798340716\n ],\n [\n -108.687744140625,\n 47.64133557512159\n ],\n [\n -108.7042236328125,\n 47.61727271567975\n ],\n [\n -108.39385986328125,\n 47.56355410390806\n ],\n [\n -108.1988525390625,\n 47.56911375866714\n ],\n [\n -108.050537109375,\n 47.56540738772852\n ],\n [\n -107.9571533203125,\n 47.53389264528655\n ],\n [\n -108.0010986328125,\n 47.454094290400015\n ],\n [\n -107.90771484375,\n 47.37417465983494\n ],\n [\n -107.81982421874999,\n 47.46337939935778\n ],\n [\n -107.8363037109375,\n 47.51349065484327\n ],\n [\n -107.74841308593749,\n 47.52461999690651\n ],\n [\n -107.68524169921875,\n 47.59690318115471\n ],\n [\n -107.56439208984375,\n 47.62467785241324\n ],\n [\n -107.41333007812499,\n 47.570966845786124\n ],\n [\n -107.38311767578124,\n 47.646886969413\n ],\n [\n -107.2869873046875,\n 47.633932798340716\n ],\n [\n -107.0892333984375,\n 47.59875528481801\n ],\n [\n -106.9244384765625,\n 47.56540738772852\n ],\n [\n -106.7266845703125,\n 47.645036570200226\n ],\n [\n -106.55914306640625,\n 47.700520033704954\n ],\n [\n -106.47125244140625,\n 47.85740289465826\n ],\n [\n -106.3751220703125,\n 47.73747623919626\n ],\n [\n -106.32843017578125,\n 47.62467785241324\n ],\n [\n -106.3201904296875,\n 47.5264746577327\n ],\n [\n -106.270751953125,\n 47.50050343862717\n ],\n [\n -106.19384765625,\n 47.54501765940571\n ],\n [\n -106.16912841796875,\n 47.60245929546312\n ],\n [\n -106.1993408203125,\n 47.80393135603966\n ],\n [\n -106.2652587890625,\n 47.938426929481054\n ],\n [\n -106.31469726562499,\n 48.011975126709956\n ],\n [\n -106.34765625,\n 48.03769224746972\n ],\n [\n -106.39984130859374,\n 48.03401915864286\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"36","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-06-21","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glassic, Hayley C.","contributorId":243051,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glassic","given":"Hayley C.","affiliations":[{"id":36244,"text":"MSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guy, Christopher S. 0000-0002-9936-4781 cguy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9936-4781","contributorId":2876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guy","given":"Christopher","email":"cguy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5062,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":834453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rotella, Jay J.","contributorId":37271,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rotella","given":"Jay","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":5098,"text":"Department of Ecology, Montana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nagel, Cody J.","contributorId":275985,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nagel","given":"Cody","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":39047,"text":"Montana Fish, Wildlife, and Parks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schmetterling, David A.","contributorId":20223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmetterling","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":834457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dalbey, Steven R.","contributorId":275988,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dalbey","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":39047,"text":"Montana Fish, Wildlife, and Parks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70228250,"text":"70228250 - 2020 - Estimating nitrogen removal services of eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) in Mobile Bay, Alabama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-08T17:08:16.269993","indexId":"70228250","displayToPublicDate":"2020-10-01T10:46:17","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Estimating nitrogen removal services of eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) in Mobile Bay, Alabama","title":"Estimating nitrogen removal services of eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) in Mobile Bay, Alabama","docAbstract":"Eastern oysters have been acknowledged for their important contribution to human well-being by providing goods and services including nitrogen removal from water bodies. In this study, we integrated daily environmental data (2008–2016) and filtration rate model parameter uncertainty to estimate nitrogen removal from denitrification and nitrogen burial services provided by the current extent of oyster (Crassostrea virginica) reefs in Mobile Bay, Alabama. Oyster landing data (2008–2016) in the Bay were also used to estimate nitrogen removal through oyster harvest. A replacement cost method using an engineering solution from wastewater treatment plants was implemented to quantify the economic benefit of the nitrogen removal. The estimated total nitrogen removal services provided by oyster reefs in Mobile Bay was 34,911 ± 5,032 kg N yr−1 (mean ± 1sd), in which 22,095 ± 3,305 kg N yr−1 from denitrification, 11,047 ± 1,652 kg N yr−1 from burial of nitrogen into sediments and 1,769 ± 876 kg N yr−1 by oyster harvest. The mean economic benefit was $76,455 ± 11,020 yr−1 which was estimated as $73.2 ± 11.5 ha−1 yr−1. This method could be used for any time period to estimate the nitrogen removal service in Mobile Bay. With proper modification of model parameters, this method could also be used elsewhere to estimate nitrogen removal services provided by oysters.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106541","usgsCitation":"Lai, Q., Irwin, E.R., and Zhang, Y., 2020, Estimating nitrogen removal services of eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) in Mobile Bay, Alabama: Ecological Indicators, v. 117, p. 1-9, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106541.","productDescription":"106541, 9 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"9","ipdsId":"IP-109626","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455156,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106541","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":395631,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico, Mobile Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.25042724609374,\n 30.23652704486517\n ],\n [\n -88.06228637695312,\n 30.203300547277813\n ],\n [\n -87.69012451171875,\n 30.22466172703242\n ],\n [\n -87.88375854492186,\n 30.456960567387625\n ],\n [\n -87.85491943359375,\n 30.822063696500948\n ],\n [\n -88.05130004882812,\n 30.86686781614027\n ],\n [\n -88.13232421875,\n 30.657996912582398\n ],\n [\n -88.25042724609374,\n 30.23652704486517\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"117","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lai, Quan","contributorId":204521,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lai","given":"Quan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13360,"text":"Auburn University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Irwin, Elise R. 0000-0002-6866-4976 eirwin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6866-4976","contributorId":2588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"Elise","email":"eirwin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":833538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhang, Yaoqi","contributorId":275164,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhang","given":"Yaoqi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13360,"text":"Auburn University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70215979,"text":"70215979 - 2020 - The impacts of a changing climate to DOD coastal facilities in the tropical Pacific Ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-28T16:34:47.129382","indexId":"70215979","displayToPublicDate":"2020-10-01T10:26:50","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2837,"text":"Natural Selections","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The impacts of a changing climate to DOD coastal facilities in the tropical Pacific Ocean","docAbstract":"The USGS, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Deltares, and the University of Hawaii (UH) recently completed a study investigating the impact of a changing climate and sea-level rise on Roi-Namur Island on Kwajalein Atoll in the Republic of the Marshall Islands, which is part of the Ronald Reagan Ballistic Missile Defense Test Site (RTS). The isolated location of RTS makes it uniquely suited to support realistic testing of missiles and intercept scenarios with minimal safety and environmental concerns. In addition, this unique location supports research and development for space and missile programs and space reconnaissance and surveillance operations. RTS has been a critical component of the Pacific Range, with the world’s most advanced telemetry, optics, and radar instrumentation used to collect metric and signature data on missiles.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of Defense","usgsCitation":"Storlazzi, C., 2020, The impacts of a changing climate to DOD coastal facilities in the tropical Pacific Ocean: Natural Selections, no. Fall, p. 5-6.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"5","endPage":"6","ipdsId":"IP-119241","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":382763,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":380012,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.denix.osd.mil/nr/resources/newsletter/2020/fall-2020/Natural%20Selections_Fall%202020_v8_final_508.pdf"}],"country":"Republic of the Marshall Islands","otherGeospatial":"Kwajalein Atoll","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 167.69720077514648,\n 8.704062518222123\n ],\n [\n 167.7499008178711,\n 8.704062518222123\n ],\n [\n 167.7499008178711,\n 8.755812668914562\n ],\n [\n 167.69720077514648,\n 8.755812668914562\n ],\n [\n 167.69720077514648,\n 8.704062518222123\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","issue":"Fall","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Storlazzi, Curt D. 0000-0001-8057-4490","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":244273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"Curt D.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":803647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70214571,"text":"ofr20201087 - 2020 - Analyses on subpopulation abundance and annual number of maternal dens for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service on polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in the southern Beaufort Sea, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-02T11:46:04.926688","indexId":"ofr20201087","displayToPublicDate":"2020-10-01T10:12:49","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2020-1087","displayTitle":"Analyses on Subpopulation Abundance and Annual Number of Maternal Dens for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service on Polar Bears (Ursus maritimus) in the Southern Beaufort Sea, Alaska","title":"Analyses on subpopulation abundance and annual number of maternal dens for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service on polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in the southern Beaufort Sea, Alaska","docAbstract":"The long-term persistence of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) is threatened by sea-ice loss due to climate change, which is concurrently providing an opportunity in the Arctic for increased anthropogenic activities including natural resource extraction. Mitigating the risk of those activities, which can adversely affect the population dynamics of the southern Beaufort Sea (SBS) subpopulation, is an emerging challenge as polar bears become more reliant on land and come into more frequent contact with humans. The Marine Mammal Protection Act and Endangered Species Act require the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to determine whether industrial activities will have a negligible impact on the SBS subpopulation. Information important to making that determination includes estimates of subpopulation abundance and the number of maternal dens likely to be present in areas where industrial activities occur. We analyzed mark-recapture data collected from SBS polar bears sampled in Alaska during 2001–16 using multistate Cormack-Jolly-Seber models. Estimated survival rates were relatively high during 2001–03, lower during 2004–08, then higher during 2009–15 except for 2012. Estimated abundance in the Alaska part of the SBS was consistent with the estimated survival rates, declining from about 1,300 bears in 2003 to 525 bears in 2006 and then remaining generally stable during 2006–15. The point estimate for the Alaska part of the SBS in 2015, the last year in which abundance could be estimated, was 573 bears (95-percent credible interval = 232, 1,140 bears). To estimate the expected number of terrestrial dens likely to be present in a given region in a given year, we used a Bayesian modeling approach based on calculations derived from SBS demographic and denning data. We estimated that the entire SBS subpopulation produced 123 dens per year (median; 95-percent credible interval = 69, 198 dens), 66 (median; 95-percent credible interval = 35, 110 dens) of which were land-based. Most land-based dens were located between the Colville and Canning Rivers (which includes the Prudhoe Bay-Kuparuk industrial footprint), followed by the 1002 Area of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge and the National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20201087","collaboration":"U.S. Geological Survey Wildlife Program","usgsCitation":"Atwood, T.C., Bromaghin, J.F., Patil, V.P., Durner, G.M., Douglas, D.C., and Simac, K.S., 2020, Analyses on subpopulation abundance and annual number of maternal dens for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service on polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in the southern Beaufort Sea, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2020-1087, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20201087.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 16 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-120083","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":378973,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ds1121","text":"Data Series 1121","description":"DS 1121"},{"id":378971,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1087/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":378972,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1087/ofr20201087.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2020-1087"},{"id":378974,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9A9E5UP","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Multistate capture and search data from the southern Beaufort Sea polar bear subpopulation in Alaska, 2001-2016"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Southern Beaufort Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -158.642578125,\n 69.06856318696033\n ],\n [\n -140.9326171875,\n 69.06856318696033\n ],\n [\n -140.9326171875,\n 72.40899172812024\n ],\n [\n -158.642578125,\n 72.40899172812024\n ],\n [\n -158.642578125,\n 69.06856318696033\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Alaska Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
4210 University Drive
Anchorage, Alaska 99508
State fish and wildlife agencies rely on hunters and anglers (i.e., sportspersons) to fund management actions through revenue generated from license sales and excise taxes on hunting and fishing equipment. There is a need to develop new techniques that bridge the information gap on participation and provide agencies with an understanding of sportspersons at a resolution that can more directly inform efforts to engage sportspersons. Monitoring sportsperson participation using information about their license-purchasing behavior has the potential to reveal important patterns in recruitment (first-time purchase of a hunting or fishing license), retention (continued purchase of licenses across multiple years), and reactivation (purchase a license after several years with no purchases). Providing up-to-date information on what licenses are purchased, when and by whom may prove invaluable to managers and policy makers. We present a customizable, open-source, web-based application—huntfishapp—that allows the user to query and interact with a structured query language (SQL) hunting and fishing license database. The huntfishapp serves as an informational resource and tool that provides a framework to share information on license sales across an agency, with intent of increasing understanding of (a) sportspersons and (b) how management decisions affect sportspersons. Data dashboards, like the huntfishapp, allow agencies and non-governmental organizations to become more knowledgeable of their customer base and provide a greater understanding of management-decision effects on hunting and fishing participation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0226397","usgsCitation":"Price, N.B., Chizinski, C.J., Fontaine, J.J., Pope, K.L., Rahe, M., and Rawlinson, J., 2020, An open-sourced, web-based application to improve our ability to understand hunter and angler purchasing behavior from license data: PLoS ONE, v. 15, no. 10, p. 1-17, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0226397.","productDescription":"e0226397, 17 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"17","ipdsId":"IP-111226","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455159,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0226397","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":395669,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Xin, Baogui","contributorId":275367,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Xin","given":"Baogui","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":834054,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Price, Nathaniel B.","contributorId":264316,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Price","given":"Nathaniel","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":36892,"text":"University of Nebraska","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chizinski, Christopher J.","contributorId":7178,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chizinski","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":834043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fontaine, Joseph J. 0000-0002-7639-9156 jfontaine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7639-9156","contributorId":3820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fontaine","given":"Joseph","email":"jfontaine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":834044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pope, Kevin L. 0000-0003-1876-1687","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1876-1687","contributorId":270762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":834045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rahe, Micaela","contributorId":275362,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rahe","given":"Micaela","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":56765,"text":"National Wild Turkey Federation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rawlinson, Jeff","contributorId":275363,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rawlinson","given":"Jeff","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17640,"text":"Nebraska Game and Parks Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70227191,"text":"70227191 - 2020 - “Mostri Marini”: Constantine S. 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Carapace lengths were gathered for 241 Kemp’s ridley Lepidochelys kempii sea turtles that were marked and recaptured (n = 23) between 2011 and 2019 at a foraging location in northwest Florida, USA. There was a strong correlation between length, width and weight of captured turtles. Mean ± SD size of all captured turtles was 36.6 ± 7.6 cm. Mean recapture interval was 499 ± 475.4 d. Straight-line carapace lengths at initial capture ranged from 20.6 to 53.3 cm. Growth rates from 0.21 to 12.44 cm yr-1 (mean 3.15 ± 2.64 cm) were documented and were greatest for turtles in the 20.0-29.9 cm size class. Growth rates from northwest Florida were slower than those reported from other sites in the Gulf of Mexico. These results indicate that Kemp’s ridleys recruit from oceanic habitat into coastal bays in northwest Florida, where they remain until they reach adulthood. However, some adult-sized turtles may continue to use the nearshore habitat. 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","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/tle39100757.1","usgsCitation":"Haines, S.S., 2020, Book review of \"Exploration and production of oceanic natural gas hydrate\", second edition, by Michael D. Max and Arthur H. Johnson: The Leading Edge, v. 39, no. 10, https://doi.org/10.1190/tle39100757.1.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"757","ipdsId":"IP-117189","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":386264,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haines, Seth S. 0000-0003-2611-8165 shaines@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2611-8165","contributorId":1344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haines","given":"Seth","email":"shaines@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":817074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}