{"pageNumber":"579","pageRowStart":"14450","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46856,"records":[{"id":70046670,"text":"sir20125280 - 2013 - Streamflow and water-quality conditions including geologic sources and processes affecting selenium loading in the Toll Gate Creek watershed, Aurora, Arapahoe County, Colorado, 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-25T10:39:11","indexId":"sir20125280","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5280","title":"Streamflow and water-quality conditions including geologic sources and processes affecting selenium loading in the Toll Gate Creek watershed, Aurora, Arapahoe County, Colorado, 2007","docAbstract":"<p>Toll Gate Creek is a perennial stream draining a suburban area in Aurora, Colorado, where selenium concentrations have consistently exceeded the State of Colorado aquatic-life standard for selenium of 4.6 micrograms per liter since the early 2000s. In cooperation with the City of Aurora, Colorado, Utilities Department, a synoptic water-quality study was performed along an 18-kilometer reach of Toll Gate Creek extending from downstream from Quincy Reservoir to the confluence with Sand Creek to develop a detailed understanding of streamflow and concentrations and loads of selenium in Toll Gate Creek. Streamflow and surface-water quality were characterized for summer low-flow conditions (July–August 2007) using four spatially overlapping synoptic-sampling subreaches. Mass-balance methods were applied to the synoptic-sampling and tracer-injection results to estimate streamflow and develop spatial profiles of concentration and load for selenium and other chemical constituents in Toll Gate Creek surface water. Concurrent groundwater sampling determined concentrations of selenium and other chemical constituents in groundwater in areas surrounding the Toll Gate Creek study reaches. Multivariate principal-component analysis was used to group samples and to suggest common sources for dissolved selenium and major ions. Hydrogen and oxygen stable-isotope ratios, groundwater-age interpretations, and chemical analysis of water-soluble paste extractions from core samples are presented, and interpretation of the hydrologic and geochemical data support conclusions regarding geologic sources of selenium and the processes affecting selenium loading in the Toll Gate Creek watershed.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125280","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Aurora, Colorado, Utilities Department","usgsCitation":"Paschke, S.S., Runkel, R.L., Walton-Day, K., Kimball, B.A., and Schaffrath, K.R., 2013, Streamflow and water-quality conditions including geologic sources and processes affecting selenium loading in the Toll Gate Creek watershed, Aurora, Arapahoe County, Colorado, 2007: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5280, ix, 108 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125280.","productDescription":"ix, 108 p.","numberOfPages":"121","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2007-07-01","temporalEnd":"2007-08-31","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274045,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20125280.gif"},{"id":274043,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5280/"},{"id":274044,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5280/SIR12-5280_508.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Arapahoe County","city":"Aurora","otherGeospatial":"Toll Gate Creek","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.8848,39.551 ], [ -104.8848,39.8267 ], [ -104.4889,39.8267 ], [ -104.4889,39.551 ], [ -104.8848,39.551 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c42213e4b03c77dce65a2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paschke, Suzanne S.","contributorId":14072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paschke","given":"Suzanne","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Runkel, Robert L. 0000-0003-3220-481X runkel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3220-481X","contributorId":685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"Robert","email":"runkel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walton-Day, Katherine 0000-0002-9146-6193","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9146-6193","contributorId":68339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walton-Day","given":"Katherine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kimball, Briant A. bkimball@usgs.gov","contributorId":533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimball","given":"Briant","email":"bkimball@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schaffrath, Keelin R.","contributorId":7552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaffrath","given":"Keelin","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70046217,"text":"70046217 - 2013 - Linking phenology and biomass productivity in South Dakota mixed-grass prairie","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-23T13:39:21","indexId":"70046217","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3228,"text":"Rangeland Ecology and Management","onlineIssn":"1551-5028","printIssn":"1550-7424","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Linking phenology and biomass productivity in South Dakota mixed-grass prairie","docAbstract":"Assessing the health of rangeland ecosystems based solely on annual biomass production does not fully describe plant community condition; the phenology of production can provide inferences on species composition, successional stage, and grazing impacts. We evaluate the productivity and phenology of western South Dakota mixed-grass prairie using 2000 to 2008 Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) satellite imagery at 250 m spatial resolution. Growing season NDVI images were integrated weekly to produce time-integrated NDVI (TIN), a proxy of total annual biomass production, and integrated seasonally to represent annual production by cool (C3) and warm (C4) season species. Additionally, a variety of phenological indicators including cool season percentage of TIN were derived from the seasonal profiles of NDVI. Cool season percentage and TIN were combined to generate vegetation classes, which served as proxies of plant community condition. TIN decreased with precipitation from east to west across the study area. Alternatively, cool season percentage increased from east to west, following patterns related to the reliability (interannual coefficient of variation [CV]) and quantity of mid-summer precipitation. Cool season TIN averaged 76.8% of total. Seasonal accumulation of TIN corresponded closely (R2 > 0.90) to that of gross photosynthesis data from a carbon flux tower. Field-collected biomass and community composition data were strongly related to the TIN and cool season percentage products. The patterns of vegetation classes were responsive to topographic, edaphic, and land management influences on plant communities. Accurate maps of biomass production, cool/warm season composition, and vegetation classes can improve the efficiency of land management by adjusting stocking rates and season of use to maximize rangeland productivity and achieve conservation objectives. Further, our results clarify the spatial and temporal dynamics of phenology and TIN in mixed-grass prairie.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Rangeland Ecology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society for Range Management","doi":"10.2111/REM-D-12-00083.1","usgsCitation":"Rigge, M., Smart, A., Wylie, B., Gilmanov, T., and Johnson, P., 2013, Linking phenology and biomass productivity in South Dakota mixed-grass prairie: Rangeland Ecology and Management, v. 66, no. 5, p. 579-587, https://doi.org/10.2111/REM-D-12-00083.1.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"579","endPage":"587","numberOfPages":"8","ipdsId":"IP-039037","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473739,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10150/642745","text":"External Repository"},{"id":274001,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274000,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2111/REM-D-12-00083.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.06,42.48 ], [ -104.06,45.95 ], [ -96.44,45.95 ], [ -96.44,42.48 ], [ -104.06,42.48 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"66","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c2c4d5e4b08857aac42380","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rigge, Matthew 0000-0003-4471-8009","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4471-8009","contributorId":19457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rigge","given":"Matthew","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":479196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smart, Alexander","contributorId":24262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smart","given":"Alexander","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wylie, Bruce 0000-0002-7374-1083","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7374-1083","contributorId":107996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wylie","given":"Bruce","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gilmanov, Tagir","contributorId":6351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilmanov","given":"Tagir","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Patricia","contributorId":16303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Patricia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70046666,"text":"sir20135114 - 2013 - A model for evaluating effects of climate, water availability, and water management on wetland impoundments--a case study on Bowdoin, Long Lake, and Sand Lake National Wildlife Refuges","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-19T09:25:29","indexId":"sir20135114","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5114","title":"A model for evaluating effects of climate, water availability, and water management on wetland impoundments--a case study on Bowdoin, Long Lake, and Sand Lake National Wildlife Refuges","docAbstract":"Many wetland impoundments managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) National Wildlife Refuge System throughout the northern Great Plains rely on rivers as a primary water source. A large number of these impoundments currently are being stressed from changes in water supplies and quality, and these problems are forecast to worsen because of projected changes to climate and land use. For example, many managed wetlands in arid regions have become degraded owing to the long-term accumulation of salts and increased salinity associated with evapotranspiration. A primary goal of the USFWS is to provide aquatic habitats for a diversity of waterbirds; thus, wetland managers would benefit from a tool that facilitates evaluation of wetland habitat quality in response to current and anticipated impacts of altered hydrology and salt balances caused by factors such as climate change, water availability, and management actions.\n\nA spreadsheet model that simulates the overall water and salinity balance (WSB model) of managed wetland impoundments is presented. The WSB model depicts various habitat metrics, such as water depth, salinity, and surface areas (inundated, dry), which can be used to evaluate alternative management actions under various water-availability and climate scenarios. The WSB model uses widely available spreadsheet software, is relatively simple to use, relies on widely available inputs, and is readily adaptable to specific locations. The WSB model was validated using data from three National Wildlife Refuges with direct and indirect connections to water resources associated with rivers, and common data limitations are highlighted. The WSB model also was used to conduct simulations based on hypothetical climate and management scenarios to demonstrate the utility of the model for evaluating alternative management strategies and climate futures. The WSB model worked well across a range of National Wildlife Refuges and could be a valuable tool for USFWS staff when evaluating system state and management alternatives and establishing long-term goals and objectives.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135114","usgsCitation":"Tangen, B., Gleason, R.A., and Stamm, J., 2013, A model for evaluating effects of climate, water availability, and water management on wetland impoundments--a case study on Bowdoin, Long Lake, and Sand Lake National Wildlife Refuges: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5114, vi, 37 p.; WSB Model, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135114.","productDescription":"vi, 37 p.; WSB Model","numberOfPages":"48","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273995,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135114.jpg"},{"id":273994,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5114/WSB%20Model.xlsx"},{"id":273992,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5114/"},{"id":273993,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5114/sir2013-5114.pdf"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Bowdoin National Wildlife Refuge;Long Lake National Wildlife Refuge;Sand Lake National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.8,45.6 ], [ -107.8,48.533333 ], [ -98.0,48.533333 ], [ -98.0,45.6 ], [ -107.8,45.6 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c2c4cde4b08857aac42378","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tangen, Brian A.","contributorId":78419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tangen","given":"Brian A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gleason, Robert A. 0000-0001-5308-8657 rgleason@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5308-8657","contributorId":2402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gleason","given":"Robert","email":"rgleason@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stamm, John F. 0000-0002-3404-2933 jstamm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3404-2933","contributorId":2859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stamm","given":"John F.","email":"jstamm@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":479956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70046655,"text":"ds746 - 2013 - Historical rock falls in Yosemite National Park, California (1857-2011)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-05-18T16:43:58.838821","indexId":"ds746","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"746","title":"Historical rock falls in Yosemite National Park, California (1857-2011)","docAbstract":"<p>Inventories of rock falls and other types of landslides are valuable tools for improving understanding of these events. For example, detailed information on rock falls is critical for identifying mechanisms that trigger rock falls, for quantifying the susceptibility of different cliffs to rock falls, and for developing magnitude-frequency relations. Further, inventories can assist in quantifying the relative hazard and risk posed by these events over both short and long time scales.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>This report describes and presents the accompanying rock fall inventory database for Yosemite National Park, California. The inventory database documents 925 events spanning the period 1857–2011. Rock falls, rock slides, and other forms of slope movement represent a serious natural hazard in Yosemite National Park. Rock-fall hazard and risk are particularly relevant in Yosemite Valley, where glacially steepened granitic cliffs approach 1 km in height and where the majority of the approximately 4 million yearly visitors to the park congregate. In addition to damaging roads, trails, and other facilities, rock falls and other slope movement events have killed 15 people and injured at least 85 people in the park since the first documented rock fall in 1857.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The accompanying report describes each of the organizational categories in the database, including event location, type of slope movement, date, volume, relative size, probable trigger, impact to humans, narrative description, references, and environmental conditions. The inventory database itself is contained in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet (Yosemite_rock_fall_database_1857-2011.xlsx). Narrative descriptions of events are contained in the database, but are also provided in a more readable Adobe portable document format (pdf) file (Yosemite_rock_fall_database_narratives_1857-2011.pdf) available for download separate from the database.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds746","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Stock, G.M., Collins, B., Santaniello, D.J., Zimmer, V.L., Wieczorek, G.F., and Snyder, J.B., 2013, Historical rock falls in Yosemite National Park, California (1857-2011): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 746, Report: iv, 17 p.; Database, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds746.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 17 p.; Database","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":504491,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_98557.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":273931,"rank":5,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds746.gif"},{"id":273928,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/746/ds746_text.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":273929,"rank":2,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/746/Yosemite_rock_fall_database_1857-2011.xlsx"},{"id":273927,"rank":4,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/746/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":273930,"rank":1,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/746/Yosemite_rock_fall_database_narratives_1857-2011.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Yosemite National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.8863,37.4948 ], [ -119.8863,38.1863 ], [ -119.1995,38.1863 ], [ -119.1995,37.4948 ], [ -119.8863,37.4948 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c17357e4b0dd0e00d92187","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stock, Greg M.","contributorId":88593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stock","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collins, Brian D.","contributorId":71641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"Brian D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Santaniello, David J.","contributorId":85070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santaniello","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zimmer, Valerie L.","contributorId":22661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmer","given":"Valerie","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wieczorek, Gerald F.","contributorId":81889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wieczorek","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Snyder, James B.","contributorId":102137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70046645,"text":"ofr20131126 - 2013 - Landscape consequences of natural gas extraction in Somerset and Westmoreland Counties, Pennsylvania,2004--2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-19T17:40:08","indexId":"ofr20131126","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1126","title":"Landscape consequences of natural gas extraction in Somerset and Westmoreland Counties, Pennsylvania,2004--2010","docAbstract":"<p>Increased demands for cleaner burning energy, coupled with the relatively recent technological advances in accessing unconventional hydrocarbon-rich geologic formations, have led to an intense effort to find and extract natural gas from various underground sources around the country. One of these sources, the Marcellus Shale, located in the Allegheny Plateau, is currently undergoing extensive drilling and production. The technology used to extract gas in the Marcellus Shale is known as hydraulic fracturing and has garnered much attention because of its use of large amounts of fresh water, its use of proprietary fluids for the hydraulic-fracturing process, its potential to release contaminants into the environment, and its potential effect on water resources. Nonetheless, development of natural gas extraction wells in the Marcellus Shale is only part of the overall natural gas story in this area of Pennsylvania. Conventional natural gas wells, which sometimes use the same technique, are commonly located in the same general area as the Marcellus Shale and are frequently developed in clusters across the landscape. The combined effects of these two natural gas extraction methods create potentially serious patterns of disturbance on the landscape. This document quantifies the landscape changes and consequences of natural gas extraction for Somerset County and Westmoreland County in Pennsylvania between 2004 and 2010. Patterns of landscape disturbance related to natural gas extraction activities were collected and digitized using National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) imagery for 2004, 2005/2006, 2008, and 2010. The disturbance patterns were then used to measure changes in land cover and land use using the National Land Cover Database (NLCD) of 2001. A series of landscape metrics is also used to quantify these changes and is included in this publication.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131126","usgsCitation":"Milheim, L., Slonecker, E., Roig-Silva, C., and Malizia, A., 2013, Landscape consequences of natural gas extraction in Somerset and Westmoreland Counties, Pennsylvania,2004--2010: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1126, v, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131126.","productDescription":"v, 34 p.","numberOfPages":"39","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":273926,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131126.gif"},{"id":273898,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1126"},{"id":273899,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1126/ofr2013-1126.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.25 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Somerset, Westmoreland","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-79.916171,39.720893],[-80.075947,39.72135],[-80.421388,39.721189],[-80.519342,39.721403],[-80.519423,39.806181],[-80.518891,39.890964],[-80.519248,39.936967],[-80.51896,40.078089],[-80.519039,40.342101],[-80.517991,40.367968],[-80.51769,40.462467],[-80.51899,40.473667],[-80.519002,40.877543],[-80.519891,40.906661],[-80.519091,40.921061],[-80.518928,41.070954],[-80.519144,41.171203],[-80.518693,41.248855],[-80.518993,41.268155],[-80.518794,41.305509],[-80.519129,41.312408],[-80.519345,41.340145],[-80.518993,41.435454],[-80.519339,41.539297],[-80.519425,41.977522],[-80.435451,42.005611],[-80.409776,42.011578],[-80.373066,42.024102],[-80.371869,42.023966],[-80.363251,42.027973],[-80.349169,42.030243],[-80.329976,42.036168],[-80.296758,42.049076],[-80.230486,42.077957],[-80.188085,42.094257],[-80.165884,42.105857],[-80.154084,42.114757],[-80.136213,42.149937],[-80.13043,42.156331],[-80.117368,42.166341],[-80.088512,42.173184],[-80.077388,42.171262],[-80.073381,42.168658],[-80.080028,42.163625],[-80.071981,42.155357],[-80.078781,42.151457],[-80.076281,42.147857],[-80.07198,42.146057],[-80.06108,42.144857],[-79.989186,42.177051],[-79.931324,42.206737],[-79.923924,42.207546],[-79.90105,42.216701],[-79.886187,42.224933],[-79.867979,42.230999],[-79.844661,42.235486],[-79.798447,42.255939],[-79.761951,42.26986],[-79.762152,42.243054],[-79.761759,42.162675],[-79.762122,42.131246],[-79.761709,42.11899],[-79.761798,42.019042],[-79.761374,41.999067],[-79.670128,41.999335],[-79.472472,41.998255],[-79.249772,41.998807],[-79.17857,41.999458],[-79.061265,41.999259],[-78.983065,41.998949],[-78.874759,41.997559],[-78.749754,41.998109],[-78.59665,41.999877],[-78.308128,41.999415],[-78.271204,41.998968],[-78.12473,42.000452],[-78.031177,41.999415],[-77.997508,41.998758],[-77.83203,41.998524],[-77.505308,42.00007],[-77.124693,41.999395],[-77.063676,42.000461],[-76.920784,42.001774],[-76.749675,42.001689],[-76.558118,42.000155],[-76.462155,41.998934],[-76.343722,41.998346],[-76.131201,41.998954],[-75.98025,41.999035],[-75.870677,41.998828],[-75.742217,41.997864],[-75.610316,41.99896],[-75.359579,41.999445],[-75.353504,41.99711],[-75.346568,41.995324],[-75.341125,41.992772],[-75.337602,41.9867],[-75.337791,41.984386],[-75.34246,41.974303],[-75.342204,41.972872],[-75.339488,41.970786],[-75.335771,41.970315],[-75.329318,41.968232],[-75.322384,41.961693],[-75.32004,41.960867],[-75.318168,41.954236],[-75.312817,41.950182],[-75.310358,41.949012],[-75.303966,41.948216],[-75.301664,41.94838],[-75.301233,41.9489],[-75.301593,41.952811],[-75.300409,41.953871],[-75.29858,41.954521],[-75.293713,41.954593],[-75.29143,41.952477],[-75.291762,41.947092],[-75.290966,41.945039],[-75.289383,41.942891],[-75.279094,41.938917],[-75.277243,41.933598],[-75.276501,41.926679],[-75.276552,41.922208],[-75.275368,41.919564],[-75.269736,41.911363],[-75.267562,41.907054],[-75.267773,41.901971],[-75.272778,41.897112],[-75.272581,41.893168],[-75.271292,41.88736],[-75.267789,41.885982],[-75.263005,41.885109],[-75.260623,41.883783],[-75.257564,41.877108],[-75.258439,41.875087],[-75.261488,41.873277],[-75.263815,41.870757],[-75.263673,41.868105],[-75.262802,41.866213],[-75.260527,41.8638],[-75.257825,41.862154],[-75.251197,41.86204],[-75.248045,41.8633],[-75.243345,41.866875],[-75.241134,41.867118],[-75.238743,41.865699],[-75.234565,41.861569],[-75.231612,41.859459],[-75.22572,41.857481],[-75.223734,41.857456],[-75.220125,41.860534],[-75.21497,41.867449],[-75.209741,41.86925],[-75.204002,41.869867],[-75.197836,41.868807],[-75.194382,41.867287],[-75.191441,41.865063],[-75.190203,41.862454],[-75.188888,41.861264],[-75.186993,41.860109],[-75.185254,41.85993],[-75.183937,41.860515],[-75.182271,41.862198],[-75.180497,41.86568],[-75.179134,41.869935],[-75.176633,41.872371],[-75.174574,41.87266],[-75.170565,41.871608],[-75.169142,41.87029],[-75.168053,41.867043],[-75.168733,41.859258],[-75.166217,41.853862],[-75.164168,41.851586],[-75.161541,41.849836],[-75.156512,41.848327],[-75.152898,41.848564],[-75.143824,41.851737],[-75.140241,41.852078],[-75.130983,41.845145],[-75.127913,41.844903],[-75.118789,41.845819],[-75.115598,41.844638],[-75.114399,41.843583],[-75.113369,41.840698],[-75.113441,41.836298],[-75.114998,41.8303],[-75.115147,41.827285],[-75.114837,41.82567],[-75.113334,41.822782],[-75.100024,41.818347],[-75.093537,41.813375],[-75.089484,41.811576],[-75.085789,41.811626],[-75.079818,41.814815],[-75.078063,41.815112],[-75.074409,41.815088],[-75.072172,41.813732],[-75.071751,41.811901],[-75.072168,41.808327],[-75.074412,41.802191],[-75.076889,41.798509],[-75.07827,41.797467],[-75.081415,41.796483],[-75.088328,41.797534],[-75.092876,41.796386],[-75.101463,41.787941],[-75.102329,41.786503],[-75.103548,41.782008],[-75.10464,41.774203],[-75.104334,41.772693],[-75.103492,41.771238],[-75.10099,41.769121],[-75.095451,41.768366],[-75.09281,41.768361],[-75.079478,41.771205],[-75.075942,41.771518],[-75.074231,41.770518],[-75.072664,41.768807],[-75.068567,41.767298],[-75.064901,41.766686],[-75.060759,41.764638],[-75.053431,41.752538],[-75.052808,41.744725],[-75.054818,41.735168],[-75.053527,41.72715],[-75.049699,41.715093],[-75.049862,41.713309],[-75.050689,41.711969],[-75.052226,41.711396],[-75.061174,41.712935],[-75.06663,41.712588],[-75.068642,41.710146],[-75.06883,41.708161],[-75.067278,41.705434],[-75.059829,41.699716],[-75.056745,41.695703],[-75.052736,41.688393],[-75.051234,41.682439],[-75.051285,41.679961],[-75.052653,41.678436],[-75.058765,41.674412],[-75.059332,41.67232],[-75.05843,41.669653],[-75.057251,41.668933],[-75.053991,41.668194],[-75.04992,41.662556],[-75.048683,41.656317],[-75.049281,41.641862],[-75.048658,41.633781],[-75.048199,41.632011],[-75.043562,41.62364],[-75.044224,41.617978],[-75.045508,41.616203],[-75.047298,41.615791],[-75.048385,41.615986],[-75.051856,41.618157],[-75.05385,41.618655],[-75.060098,41.617482],[-75.06156,41.616429],[-75.061675,41.615468],[-75.059956,41.612306],[-75.059725,41.610801],[-75.062716,41.609639],[-75.067795,41.610143],[-75.071667,41.609501],[-75.074626,41.607905],[-75.074613,41.605711],[-75.066955,41.599428],[-75.063677,41.594739],[-75.060012,41.590813],[-75.052858,41.587772],[-75.04676,41.583258],[-75.043879,41.575094],[-75.04049,41.569688],[-75.036989,41.567049],[-75.033162,41.565092],[-75.029211,41.564637],[-75.027343,41.563541],[-75.018524,41.551802],[-75.016328,41.546501],[-75.016144,41.544246],[-75.017626,41.542734],[-75.022828,41.541456],[-75.024798,41.539801],[-75.024757,41.535099],[-75.024206,41.534018],[-75.023018,41.533147],[-75.016616,41.53211],[-75.014919,41.531399],[-75.009552,41.528461],[-75.00385,41.524052],[-75.001297,41.52065],[-75.000911,41.519292],[-75.000935,41.517638],[-75.002592,41.51456],[-75.003706,41.511118],[-75.003694,41.509295],[-75.003151,41.508101],[-74.999612,41.5074],[-74.993893,41.508754],[-74.987645,41.508738],[-74.985653,41.507926],[-74.984372,41.506611],[-74.982385,41.500981],[-74.982168,41.498486],[-74.982463,41.496467],[-74.985247,41.489113],[-74.985595,41.485863],[-74.985004,41.483703],[-74.983341,41.480894],[-74.981652,41.479945],[-74.969887,41.477438],[-74.95826,41.476396],[-74.956411,41.476735],[-74.94808,41.480625],[-74.945634,41.483213],[-74.941798,41.483542],[-74.932585,41.482323],[-74.926835,41.478327],[-74.924092,41.477138],[-74.917282,41.477041],[-74.912517,41.475605],[-74.909181,41.472436],[-74.908133,41.468117],[-74.908103,41.464639],[-74.906887,41.461131],[-74.9042,41.459806],[-74.895069,41.45819],[-74.892114,41.456959],[-74.890358,41.455324],[-74.889116,41.452534],[-74.889075,41.451245],[-74.894931,41.446099],[-74.896399,41.442179],[-74.896025,41.439987],[-74.893913,41.43893],[-74.888691,41.438259],[-74.876721,41.440338],[-74.864688,41.443993],[-74.858578,41.444427],[-74.8542,41.443166],[-74.848602,41.440179],[-74.845572,41.437577],[-74.836915,41.431625],[-74.834635,41.430796],[-74.830671,41.430503],[-74.828592,41.430698],[-74.826031,41.431736],[-74.82288,41.436792],[-74.817995,41.440505],[-74.812123,41.442982],[-74.807582,41.442847],[-74.805655,41.442101],[-74.801225,41.4381],[-74.80037,41.43606],[-74.800095,41.432661],[-74.799546,41.43129],[-74.795396,41.42398],[-74.793856,41.422671],[-74.790417,41.42166],[-74.784339,41.422397],[-74.778029,41.425104],[-74.773239,41.426352],[-74.77065,41.42623],[-74.763701,41.423612],[-74.758587,41.423287],[-74.754359,41.425147],[-74.75068,41.427984],[-74.743821,41.430635],[-74.740932,41.43116],[-74.738455,41.430641],[-74.736688,41.429228],[-74.735519,41.427465],[-74.734893,41.425818],[-74.734731,41.422699],[-74.738684,41.413463],[-74.741086,41.411413],[-74.741717,41.40788],[-74.740963,41.40512],[-74.738554,41.401191],[-74.736103,41.398398],[-74.73364,41.396975],[-74.730384,41.39566],[-74.720891,41.39469],[-74.715979,41.392584],[-74.713411,41.389814],[-74.710391,41.382102],[-74.708458,41.378901],[-74.703282,41.375093],[-74.694968,41.370431],[-74.691129,41.367324],[-74.689516,41.363843],[-74.689767,41.361558],[-74.691076,41.36034],[-74.696398,41.357339],[-74.694914,41.357423],[-74.700595,41.354553],[-74.704429,41.354043],[-74.708514,41.352734],[-74.720923,41.347384],[-74.730373,41.345983],[-74.735622,41.346518],[-74.753239,41.346122],[-74.755971,41.344953],[-74.760325,41.340325],[-74.763499,41.331568],[-74.766714,41.328558],[-74.771588,41.325079],[-74.774887,41.324326],[-74.781584,41.324229],[-74.789095,41.323281],[-74.792116,41.322465],[-74.79504,41.320407],[-74.795822,41.318516],[-74.792377,41.314088],[-74.791991,41.311639],[-74.792558,41.310628],[-74.806858,41.303155],[-74.812033,41.298157],[-74.815703,41.296151],[-74.821884,41.293838],[-74.830057,41.2872],[-74.834067,41.281111],[-74.838366,41.277286],[-74.841137,41.27098],[-74.846319,41.263077],[-74.846506,41.261576],[-74.845031,41.258055],[-74.845883,41.254945],[-74.846932,41.253318],[-74.848987,41.251192],[-74.854669,41.25051],[-74.856003,41.250094],[-74.857151,41.248975],[-74.861678,41.241575],[-74.862049,41.237609],[-74.866182,41.232132],[-74.867405,41.22777],[-74.866839,41.226865],[-74.860837,41.222317],[-74.859323,41.220507],[-74.859632,41.219077],[-74.860398,41.217454],[-74.867287,41.208754],[-74.874034,41.198543],[-74.878275,41.190489],[-74.878492,41.187504],[-74.882139,41.180836],[-74.889424,41.1736],[-74.899701,41.166181],[-74.901172,41.16387],[-74.90178,41.161394],[-74.905256,41.155668],[-74.923169,41.138146],[-74.931141,41.133387],[-74.945067,41.129052],[-74.947714,41.126292],[-74.947334,41.124439],[-74.947912,41.12356],[-74.964294,41.114237],[-74.966298,41.113669],[-74.969312,41.113869],[-74.972917,41.113327],[-74.979873,41.110423],[-74.982212,41.108245],[-74.991718,41.092284],[-74.991815,41.089132],[-74.991013,41.088578],[-74.988263,41.088222],[-74.984782,41.088545],[-74.981314,41.08986],[-74.975298,41.094073],[-74.972036,41.095562],[-74.969434,41.096074],[-74.967464,41.095327],[-74.966759,41.093425],[-74.968389,41.087797],[-74.970987,41.085293],[-74.98259,41.079172],[-74.989332,41.078319],[-74.994847,41.076556],[-74.999617,41.073943],[-75.006376,41.067546],[-75.011133,41.067521],[-75.01257,41.066281],[-75.015271,41.061215],[-75.015867,41.05821],[-75.017239,41.055491],[-75.019186,41.052968],[-75.025702,41.046482],[-75.026376,41.04444],[-75.02543,41.04071],[-75.025777,41.039806],[-75.030701,41.038416],[-75.034496,41.036755],[-75.040668,41.031755],[-75.070532,41.01862],[-75.074999,41.01713],[-75.081101,41.016838],[-75.089787,41.014549],[-75.090312,41.013302],[-75.095556,41.008874],[-75.100682,41.006716],[-75.109114,41.004102],[-75.110595,41.002174],[-75.123423,40.996129],[-75.127196,40.993954],[-75.130575,40.991093],[-75.131619,40.9889],[-75.13153,40.984914],[-75.132106,40.982566],[-75.133086,40.980179],[-75.135521,40.976865],[-75.135526,40.973807],[-75.13378,40.970973],[-75.131364,40.969277],[-75.129074,40.968976],[-75.122603,40.970152],[-75.120514,40.968369],[-75.11977,40.96651],[-75.12065,40.964028],[-75.119893,40.961646],[-75.118904,40.956361],[-75.117764,40.953023],[-75.111683,40.948111],[-75.106153,40.939671],[-75.105524,40.936294],[-75.095526,40.924152],[-75.079279,40.91389],[-75.076956,40.90988],[-75.076092,40.907042],[-75.075188,40.900154],[-75.075957,40.895694],[-75.07534,40.894162],[-75.07392,40.892176],[-75.065438,40.885682],[-75.062149,40.882289],[-75.058655,40.877654],[-75.053664,40.87366],[-75.051508,40.870224],[-75.050839,40.868067],[-75.051029,40.865662],[-75.053294,40.8599],[-75.060491,40.85302],[-75.064328,40.848338],[-75.066014,40.847591],[-75.07083,40.847392],[-75.073544,40.84894],[-75.076684,40.849875],[-75.090962,40.849187],[-75.095784,40.847082],[-75.097221,40.844672],[-75.097586,40.843042],[-75.097572,40.840967],[-75.097006,40.839336],[-75.09494,40.837103],[-75.085517,40.830085],[-75.083822,40.827805],[-75.083929,40.824471],[-75.085387,40.821972],[-75.090518,40.815913],[-75.096147,40.812211],[-75.098279,40.810286],[-75.100277,40.807578],[-75.100739,40.805488],[-75.100165,40.803],[-75.100277,40.801176],[-75.1008,40.799797],[-75.108505,40.791094],[-75.111343,40.789896],[-75.116842,40.78935],[-75.123088,40.786746],[-75.125867,40.784026],[-75.131465,40.77595],[-75.133303,40.774124],[-75.1344,40.773765],[-75.139106,40.773606],[-75.149378,40.774786],[-75.16365,40.778386],[-75.169523,40.778473],[-75.171587,40.777745],[-75.173349,40.776129],[-75.17562,40.772923],[-75.176855,40.768721],[-75.177477,40.764225],[-75.17904,40.761897],[-75.183037,40.759344],[-75.191796,40.75583],[-75.196533,40.751631],[-75.196861,40.750097],[-75.196325,40.747137],[-75.195349,40.745473],[-75.18578,40.737266],[-75.182804,40.73365],[-75.182084,40.731522],[-75.1825,40.729922],[-75.186372,40.72397],[-75.189412,40.71797],[-75.192612,40.715874],[-75.19442,40.714018],[-75.19872,40.705298],[-75.20392,40.691498],[-75.20092,40.685498],[-75.19692,40.681299],[-75.19058,40.679379],[-75.184516,40.679971],[-75.180564,40.679363],[-75.177587,40.677731],[-75.176803,40.675715],[-75.177491,40.672595],[-75.182756,40.665971],[-75.18794,40.663811],[-75.190852,40.661939],[-75.196676,40.655123],[-75.200452,40.649219],[-75.200468,40.646899],[-75.193492,40.642275],[-75.192276,40.640803],[-75.191059,40.637971],[-75.188579,40.624628],[-75.189283,40.621492],[-75.190691,40.619956],[-75.197891,40.619332],[-75.200708,40.618356],[-75.201812,40.617188],[-75.201348,40.614628],[-75.198499,40.611492],[-75.195923,40.606788],[-75.192291,40.602676],[-75.190146,40.590359],[-75.190796,40.586838],[-75.194656,40.58194],[-75.195114,40.579689],[-75.194046,40.576256],[-75.192352,40.574257],[-75.186737,40.569406],[-75.183151,40.567354],[-75.175307,40.564996],[-75.168609,40.564111],[-75.162871,40.564096],[-75.158446,40.565286],[-75.147368,40.573152],[-75.141906,40.575273],[-75.136748,40.575731],[-75.117292,40.573211],[-75.110903,40.570671],[-75.100325,40.567811],[-75.0957,40.564401],[-75.078503,40.548296],[-75.068615,40.542223],[-75.067257,40.539584],[-75.066426,40.536619],[-75.06509,40.526148],[-75.065853,40.519495],[-75.066001,40.510716],[-75.065275,40.504682],[-75.062373,40.491689],[-75.061937,40.486362],[-75.062227,40.481391],[-75.064327,40.476795],[-75.067776,40.472827],[-75.06805,40.468578],[-75.067302,40.464954],[-75.070568,40.456348],[-75.070568,40.455165],[-75.067425,40.448323],[-75.062923,40.433407],[-75.061489,40.422848],[-75.058848,40.418065],[-75.056102,40.416066],[-75.046473,40.413792],[-75.043071,40.411603],[-75.041651,40.409894],[-75.036616,40.406796],[-75.028315,40.403883],[-75.024775,40.403455],[-75.017221,40.404638],[-75.003351,40.40785],[-74.998651,40.410093],[-74.996378,40.410528],[-74.988901,40.408773],[-74.985467,40.405935],[-74.982735,40.404432],[-74.969597,40.39977],[-74.965508,40.397337],[-74.963997,40.395246],[-74.953697,40.376081],[-74.948722,40.364768],[-74.946006,40.357306],[-74.945088,40.347332],[-74.943776,40.342564],[-74.939711,40.338006],[-74.933111,40.333106],[-74.92681,40.329406],[-74.91741,40.322406],[-74.90831,40.316907],[-74.90331,40.315607],[-74.896409,40.315107],[-74.891609,40.313007],[-74.887109,40.310307],[-74.880609,40.305607],[-74.868209,40.295207],[-74.860492,40.284584],[-74.856508,40.277407],[-74.853108,40.269707],[-74.846608,40.258808],[-74.842308,40.250508],[-74.836307,40.246208],[-74.823907,40.241508],[-74.819507,40.238508],[-74.795306,40.229408],[-74.781206,40.221508],[-74.77136,40.215399],[-74.770406,40.214508],[-74.766905,40.207709],[-74.760605,40.198909],[-74.756905,40.189409],[-74.755605,40.186709],[-74.754305,40.185209],[-74.751705,40.183309],[-74.744105,40.181009],[-74.737205,40.177609],[-74.733804,40.174509],[-74.722304,40.160609],[-74.721504,40.158409],[-74.721604,40.15381],[-74.722604,40.15001],[-74.724304,40.14701],[-74.725663,40.145495],[-74.740605,40.13521],[-74.742905,40.13441],[-74.745905,40.13421],[-74.755305,40.13471],[-74.758882,40.134036],[-74.762864,40.132541],[-74.769488,40.129145],[-74.782106,40.12081],[-74.785106,40.12031],[-74.788706,40.12041],[-74.800607,40.12281],[-74.812807,40.12691],[-74.816307,40.12761],[-74.819007,40.12751],[-74.822307,40.12671],[-74.825907,40.12391],[-74.828408,40.12031],[-74.832808,40.11171],[-74.835108,40.10391],[-74.838008,40.10091],[-74.843408,40.09771],[-74.851108,40.09491],[-74.854409,40.09311],[-74.856509,40.09131],[-74.858209,40.08881],[-74.859809,40.08491],[-74.860909,40.08371],[-74.863809,40.08221],[-74.880209,40.07881],[-74.88781,40.07581],[-74.909011,40.07021],[-74.911911,40.06991],[-74.920811,40.07111],[-74.925311,40.07071],[-74.932211,40.068411],[-74.944412,40.063211],[-74.974713,40.048711],[-74.983913,40.042711],[-74.989914,40.037311],[-75.007914,40.023111],[-75.011115,40.021311],[-75.015515,40.019511],[-75.039316,40.013012],[-75.047016,40.008912],[-75.051217,40.004512],[-75.059017,39.992512],[-75.072017,39.980612],[-75.088618,39.975212],[-75.093718,39.974412],[-75.108119,39.970312],[-75.11922,39.965412],[-75.12692,39.961112],[-75.13012,39.958712],[-75.13352,39.954412],[-75.13572,39.947112],[-75.13612,39.933912],[-75.13502,39.927312],[-75.13282,39.921612],[-75.13012,39.917013],[-75.12792,39.911813],[-75.13082,39.900213],[-75.13342,39.896213],[-75.140221,39.888213],[-75.145421,39.884213],[-75.150721,39.882713],[-75.183023,39.882013],[-75.189323,39.880713],[-75.195324,39.877013],[-75.210425,39.865913],[-75.221025,39.861113],[-75.235026,39.856613],[-75.243431,39.854597],[-75.271159,39.84944],[-75.293376,39.848782],[-75.309674,39.850179],[-75.323232,39.849812],[-75.330433,39.849012],[-75.341765,39.846082],[-75.3544,39.839917],[-75.371835,39.827612],[-75.390536,39.815312],[-75.403737,39.807512],[-75.415041,39.801786],[-75.428038,39.809212],[-75.45374,39.820312],[-75.463341,39.823812],[-75.481242,39.829112],[-75.498843,39.833312],[-75.518444,39.836311],[-75.539346,39.838211],[-75.570464,39.839007],[-75.579849,39.838526],[-75.593666,39.837455],[-75.617251,39.833999],[-75.634706,39.830164],[-75.641518,39.828363],[-75.662822,39.82115],[-75.685991,39.811054],[-75.701208,39.802606],[-75.716969,39.791998],[-75.727049,39.784126],[-75.736489,39.775759],[-75.744394,39.767855],[-75.753066,39.757631],[-75.760346,39.747231],[-75.766058,39.737811],[-75.773558,39.722411],[-75.788359,39.721811],[-75.998649,39.721576],[-76.013067,39.72192],[-76.233259,39.721305],[-76.715594,39.721103],[-76.8901,39.720401],[-76.936601,39.720701],[-76.990903,39.7198],[-77.058204,39.7202],[-77.534758,39.720134],[-77.724115,39.720894],[-77.874719,39.722219],[-78.330715,39.722689],[-78.337111,39.722461],[-78.438839,39.722481],[-78.461422,39.722869],[-78.537702,39.72249],[-78.546415,39.722869],[-78.575893,39.722561],[-78.723529,39.723043],[-79.045548,39.722883],[-79.548465,39.720778],[-79.610623,39.721245],[-79.763774,39.720776],[-79.916171,39.720893]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Pennsylvania\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c1735ae4b0dd0e00d92197","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milheim, L.E.","contributorId":106320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milheim","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slonecker, E.T.","contributorId":41132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slonecker","given":"E.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roig-Silva, C.M.","contributorId":45176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roig-Silva","given":"C.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Malizia, A.R.","contributorId":98991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malizia","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70046220,"text":"70046220 - 2013 - Kinetics of homogeneous and surface-catalyzed mercury(II) reduction by iron(II)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-15T09:46:19","indexId":"70046220","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Kinetics of homogeneous and surface-catalyzed mercury(II) reduction by iron(II)","docAbstract":"Production of elemental mercury, Hg(0), via Hg(II) reduction is an important pathway that should be considered when studying Hg fate in environment. We conducted a kinetic study of abiotic homogeneous and surface-catalyzed Hg(0) production by Fe(II) under dark anoxic conditions. Hg(0) production rate, from initial 50 pM Hg(II) concentration, increased with increasing pH (5.5–8.1) and aqueous Fe(II) concentration (0.1–1 mM). The homogeneous rate was best described by the expression, r<sub>hom</sub> = k<sub>hom</sub> [FeOH<sup>+</sup>] [Hg(OH)<sub>2</sub>]; k<sub>hom</sub> = 7.19 × 10<sup>+3</sup> L (mol min)<sup>−1</sup>. Compared to the homogeneous case, goethite (α-FeOOH) and hematite (α-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) increased and γ-alumina (γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) decreased the Hg(0) production rate. Heterogeneous Hg(0) production rates were well described by a model incorporating equilibrium Fe(II) adsorption, rate-limited Hg(II) reduction by dissolved and adsorbed Fe(II), and rate-limited Hg(II) adsorption. Equilibrium Fe(II) adsorption was described using a surface complexation model calibrated with previously published experimental data. The Hg(0) production rate was well described by the expression r<sub>het</sub> = k<sub>het</sub> [>SOFe<sup>(II)</sup>] [Hg(OH)<sub>2</sub>], where >SOFe<sup>(II)</sup> is the total adsorbed Fe(II) concentration; k<sub>het</sub> values were 5.36 × 10<sup>+3</sup>, 4.69 × 10<sup>+3</sup>, and 1.08 × 10<sup>+2</sup> L (mol min)<sup>−1</sup> for hematite, goethite, and γ-alumina, respectively. Hg(0) production coupled to reduction by Fe(II) may be an important process to consider in ecosystem Hg studies.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es401459p","usgsCitation":"Amirbahman, A., Kent, D.B., Curtis, G.P., and Marvin-DiPasquale, M.C., 2013, Kinetics of homogeneous and surface-catalyzed mercury(II) reduction by iron(II): Environmental Science & Technology, v. 47, no. 13, p. 7204-7213, https://doi.org/10.1021/es401459p.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"7204","endPage":"7213","ipdsId":"IP-046069","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273958,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273954,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es401459p"}],"volume":"47","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-06-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c17359e4b0dd0e00d9218f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Amirbahman, Aria","contributorId":44031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amirbahman","given":"Aria","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kent, Douglas B. 0000-0003-3758-8322 dbkent@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3758-8322","contributorId":1871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kent","given":"Douglas","email":"dbkent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Curtis, Gary P. 0000-0003-3975-8882 gpcurtis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3975-8882","contributorId":2346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtis","given":"Gary","email":"gpcurtis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark C. 0000-0002-8186-9167 mmarvin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8186-9167","contributorId":1485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marvin-DiPasquale","given":"Mark","email":"mmarvin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70044048,"text":"70044048 - 2013 - Multi-temporal maps of the Montaguto earth flow in southern Italy from 1954 to 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-18T15:14:03","indexId":"70044048","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2375,"text":"Journal of Maps","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multi-temporal maps of the Montaguto earth flow in southern Italy from 1954 to 2010","docAbstract":"Historical movement of the Montaguto earth flow in southern Italy has periodically destroyed residences and farmland, and damaged the Italian National Road SS90 and the Benevento-Foggia National Railway. This paper provides maps from an investigation into the evolution of the Montaguto earth flow from 1954 to 2010. We used aerial photos, topographic maps, LiDAR data, satellite images, and field observations to produce multi-temporal maps. The maps show the spatial and temporal distribution of back-tilted surfaces, flank ridges, and normal, thrust, and strike-slip faults. Springs, creeks, and ponds are also shown on the maps. The maps provide a basis for interpreting how basal and lateral boundary geometries influence earth-flow behavior and surface-water hydrology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Maps","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/17445647.2013.765812","usgsCitation":"Guerriero, L., Revellino, P., Coe, J.A., Focareta, M., Grelle, G., Albanese, V., Corazza, A., and Guadagno, F.M., 2013, Multi-temporal maps of the Montaguto earth flow in southern Italy from 1954 to 2010: Journal of Maps, v. 9, no. 1, p. 135-145, https://doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2013.765812.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"135","endPage":"145","ipdsId":"IP-040890","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473741,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2013.765812","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":273951,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273948,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2013.765812"}],"country":"Italy","otherGeospatial":"Montaguto Earth Flow","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 6.63,35.29 ], [ 6.63,47.09 ], [ 18.78,47.09 ], [ 18.78,35.29 ], [ 6.63,35.29 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"9","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-02-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c1735ae4b0dd0e00d9219f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guerriero, Luigi","contributorId":105205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guerriero","given":"Luigi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Revellino, Paola","contributorId":62509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Revellino","given":"Paola","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coe, Jeffrey A. 0000-0002-0842-9608 jcoe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0842-9608","contributorId":1333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coe","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jcoe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Focareta, Mariano","contributorId":26607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Focareta","given":"Mariano","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Grelle, Gerardo","contributorId":102365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grelle","given":"Gerardo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Albanese, Vincenzo","contributorId":100723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albanese","given":"Vincenzo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Corazza, Angelo","contributorId":92957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corazza","given":"Angelo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Guadagno, Francesco M.","contributorId":102366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guadagno","given":"Francesco","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70046641,"text":"sir20135106 - 2013 - Hydraulic and water-quality data collection for the investigation of Great Lakes tributaries for Asian carp spawning and egg-transport suitability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-20T12:37:04","indexId":"sir20135106","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5106","title":"Hydraulic and water-quality data collection for the investigation of Great Lakes tributaries for Asian carp spawning and egg-transport suitability","docAbstract":"<p>If the invasive Asian carps (bighead carp&nbsp;<i>Hypophthalmichthys nobilis</i>&nbsp;and silver carp&nbsp;<i>Hypophthalmichthys molitrix</i>) migrate to the Great Lakes, in spite of the efforts to stop their advancement, these species will require the fast-flowing water of the Great Lakes tributaries for spawning and recruitment in order to establish a growing population. Two Lake Michigan tributaries (the Milwaukee and St. Joseph Rivers) and two Lake Erie tributaries (the Maumee and Sandusky Rivers) were investigated to determine if these tributaries possess the hydraulic and water-quality characteristics to allow successful spawning of Asian carps. To examine this issue, standard U.S.&nbsp;Geological Survey sampling protocols and instrumentation for discharge and water-quality measurements were used, together with differential global positioning system data for georeferencing. Non-standard data-processing techniques, combined with detailed laboratory analysis of Asian carp egg characteristics, allowed an assessment of the transport capabilities of each of these four tributaries. This assessment is based solely on analysis of observed data and did not utilize the collected data for detailed transport modeling.</p>\n<p>All four tributaries exhibited potential settling zones for Asian carp eggs both within the estuaries and river mouths and within the lower 100 kilometers (km) of the river. Dams played a leading role in defining these settling zones, with the exception of dams on the Sandusky River. The impoundments created by many of the larger dams on these rivers acted to sufficiently decelerate the flows and allowed the shear velocity to drop below the settling velocity for Asian carp eggs, which would allow the eggs to fall out of suspension and settle on the bottom where it is thought the eggs would perish. While three rivers exhibited these settling zones upstream of the larger dams, not all settling zones are likely to have such effects on egg transport. The Milwaukee River exhibited only a short settling zone upstream of the Grafton Dam, whereas the St. Joseph and Maumee Rivers both had extensive settling zones (&gt;5 km) behind major dams. These longer settling zones are likely to capture more eggs than shorter settling reaches. All four rivers exhibited settling zones at their river mouths, with the Lake Erie tributaries having much larger settling zones extending more than 10 km up the tributaries.</p>\n<p>While hydraulic data from all four rivers indicated settling of eggs is possible in some locations, all four rivers also exhibited sufficient temperatures, water-quality characteristics, turbulence, and transport times outside of settling zones for successful suspension and development of Asian carp eggs to the hatching stage before the threat of settlement. These observed data indicate that these four Great Lakes tributaries have sufficient hydraulic and water-quality characteristics to support successful spawning and recruitment of Asian carps. The data indicate that with the right temperature and flow conditions, river reaches as short as 25 km may allow Asian carp eggs sufficient time to develop to hatching. Additionally, examining the relation between critical shear velocity and mean velocity, egg settling appears to take place at mean velocities in the range of 15&ndash;25&nbsp;centimeters per second, a much lower value than is generally cited in the literature. A first-order estimate of the minimum transport velocity for Asian carp eggs in a river can be obtained by using mean flow depth and river substrate data, and curves were constructed to show this relation. These findings would expand the number of possible tributaries suitable for Asian carp spawning and contribute to the understanding of how hydraulic and water-quality information can be used to screen additional rivers in the future.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135106","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative","usgsCitation":"Murphy, E., and Jackson, P., 2013, Hydraulic and water-quality data collection for the investigation of Great Lakes tributaries for Asian carp spawning and egg-transport suitability: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5106, vi, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135106.","productDescription":"vi, 30 p.","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273892,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5106/pdf/sir2013-5106_web.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.98 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":273888,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5106/"},{"id":273900,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135106.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.0,40.0 ], [ -90.0,43.0 ], [ -82.0,43.0 ], [ -82.0,40.0 ], [ -90.0,40.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c17359e4b0dd0e00d9218b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murphy, Elizabeth A.","contributorId":69660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"Elizabeth A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jackson, P. Ryan","contributorId":68571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"P.","middleInitial":"Ryan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70046524,"text":"70046524 - 2013 - Development of a Fluvial Egg Drift Simulator to evaluate the transport and dispersion of Asian carp eggs in rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-17T12:08:31","indexId":"70046524","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of a Fluvial Egg Drift Simulator to evaluate the transport and dispersion of Asian carp eggs in rivers","docAbstract":"Asian carp are migrating towards the Great Lakes and are threatening to invade this ecosystem, hence there is an immediate need to control their population. The transport of Asian carp eggs in potential spawning rivers is an important factor in its life history and recruitment success. An understanding of the transport, development, and fate of Asian carp eggs has the potential to create prevention, management, and control strategies before the eggs hatch and develop the ability to swim. However, there is not a clear understanding of the hydrodynamic conditions at which the eggs are transported and kept in suspension. This knowledge is imperative because of the current assumption that suspension is required for the eggs to survive. Herein, FluEgg (Fluvial Egg Drift Simulator), a three-dimensional Lagrangian model capable of evaluating the influence of flow velocity, shear dispersion and turbulent diffusion on the transport and dispersal patterns of Asian carp eggs is presented. The model's variables include not only biological behavior (growth rate, density changes) but also the physical characteristics of the flow field, such as mean velocities and eddy diffusivities. The performance of the FluEgg model was evaluated using observed data from published flume experiments conducted in China with water-hardened Asian carp eggs as subjects. FluEgg simulations show a good agreement with the experimental data. The model was also run with observed data from the Sandusky River in Ohio to provide a real-world demonstration case. This research will support the identification of critical hydrodynamic conditions (e.g., flow velocity, depth, and shear velocity) to maintain eggs in suspension, assist in the evaluation of suitable spawning rivers for Asian carp populations and facilitate the development of prevention, control and management strategies for Asian carp species in rivers and water bodies.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Modelling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.05.005","usgsCitation":"Garcia, T., Jackson, P., Murphy, E., Valocchi, A.J., and Garcia, M., 2013, Development of a Fluvial Egg Drift Simulator to evaluate the transport and dispersion of Asian carp eggs in rivers: Ecological Modelling, v. 263, p. 211-222, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.05.005.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"211","endPage":"222","ipdsId":"IP-042130","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438787,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P93UCQR2","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"FluEgg"},{"id":273818,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273688,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.05.005"}],"volume":"263","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c021d5e4b0ee1529ecdec6","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.05.005","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.05.005","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Garcia Tatiana, Jackson P. Ryan, Murphy Elizabeth A., Valocchi Albert J., Garcia Marcelo H.","journalName":"Ecological Modelling","publicationDate":"8/2013"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garcia, Tatiana","contributorId":54870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia","given":"Tatiana","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jackson, P. Ryan","contributorId":68571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"P.","middleInitial":"Ryan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murphy, Elizabeth A.","contributorId":69660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"Elizabeth A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Valocchi, Albert J.","contributorId":25062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valocchi","given":"Albert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Garcia, Marcelo H.","contributorId":74236,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garcia","given":"Marcelo H.","affiliations":[{"id":33106,"text":"University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":479762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70046622,"text":"sir20135112 - 2013 - An analysis of potential water availability from the Atwood, Leesville, and Tappan Lakes in the Muskingum River Watershed, Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-27T11:14:22","indexId":"sir20135112","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5112","title":"An analysis of potential water availability from the Atwood, Leesville, and Tappan Lakes in the Muskingum River Watershed, Ohio","docAbstract":"This report presents the results of a study to assess potential water availability from the Atwood, Leesville, and Tappan Lakes, located within the Muskingum River Watershed, Ohio. The assessment was based on the criterion that water withdrawals should not appreciably affect maintenance of recreation-season pool levels in current use. To facilitate and simplify the assessment, it was assumed that historical lake operations were successful in maintaining seasonal pool levels, and that any discharges from lakes constituted either water that was discharged to prevent exceeding seasonal pool levels or discharges intended to meet minimum in-stream flow targets downstream from the lakes. It further was assumed that the volume of water discharged in excess of the minimum in-stream flow target is available for use without negatively impacting seasonal pool levels or downstream water uses and that all or part of it is subject to withdrawal. Historical daily outflow data for the lakes were used to determine the quantity of water that potentially could be withdrawn and the resulting quantity of water that would flow downstream (referred to as “flow-by”) on a daily basis as a function of all combinations of three hypothetical target minimum flow-by amounts (1, 2, and 3 times current minimum in-stream flow targets) and three pumping capacities (1, 2, and 3 million gallons per day). Using both U.S. Geological Survey streamgage data and lake-outflow data provided by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers resulted in analytical periods ranging from 51 calendar years for the Atwood Lake to 73 calendar years for the Leesville and Tappan Lakes. The observed outflow time series and the computed time series of daily flow-by amounts and potential withdrawals were analyzed to compute and report order statistics (95th, 75th, 50th, 25th, 10th, and 5th percentiles) and means for the analytical period, in aggregate, and broken down by calendar month. In addition, surplus-water mass curve data were tabulated for each of the lakes. Monthly order statistics of computed withdrawals indicated that, for the three pumping capacities considered, increasing the target minimum flow-by amount tended to reduce the amount of water that can be withdrawn. The reduction was greatest in the lower percentiles of withdrawal; however, increasing the flow-by amount had no impact on potential withdrawals during high flow. In addition, for a given target minimum flow-by amount, increasing the pumping rate increased the total amount of water that could be withdrawn; however, that increase was less than a direct multiple of the increase in pumping rate for most flow statistics. Potential monthly withdrawals were observed to be more variable and more limited in some calendar months than others. Monthly order statistics and means of computed daily mean flow-by amounts indicated that flow-by amounts generally tended to be lowest during June–October and February. Increasing the target minimum flow-by amount for a given pumping rate resulted in some small increases in the magnitudes of the mean and 50th percentile and lower order statistics of computed mean flow-by, but had no effect on the magnitudes of the higher percentile statistics. Increasing the pumping rate for a given target minimum flow-by amount resulted in decreases in magnitudes of higher-percentile flow-by statistics by an amount equal to the flow equivalent of the increase in pumping rate; however, some lower percentile statistics remained unchanged.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Service","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135112","issn":"2328-0328","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Muskingum Watershed Conservancy District","usgsCitation":"Koltun, G., 2013, An analysis of potential water availability from the Atwood, Leesville, and Tappan Lakes in the Muskingum River Watershed, Ohio (Originally posted July 17, 2013; Revised January 27, 2014): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5112, Report: vi, 33 p.; Appendix 1: Excel file, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135112.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 33 p.; Appendix 1: Excel file","numberOfPages":"44","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273807,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5112/pdf/sir2013-5112.pdf"},{"id":273809,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5112/table_1-1.xlsx"},{"id":273810,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135112.jpg"},{"id":273808,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5112/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","otherGeospatial":"Atwood Lake;Leesville Lake;Muskingum River Watershed;Tappan Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82.2546,39.0874 ], [ -82.2546,40.8346 ], [ -80.8649,40.8346 ], [ -80.8649,39.0874 ], [ -82.2546,39.0874 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Originally posted July 17, 2013; Revised January 27, 2014","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c021cde4b0ee1529ecdeba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koltun, G. F. 0000-0003-0255-2960 gfkoltun@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0255-2960","contributorId":1852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koltun","given":"G. F.","email":"gfkoltun@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":479878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70046568,"text":"sir20135062 - 2013 - Water-quality characteristics, trends, and nutrient and sediment loads of streams in the Treyburn development area, North Carolina, 1988–2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T20:42:52","indexId":"sir20135062","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5062","title":"Water-quality characteristics, trends, and nutrient and sediment loads of streams in the Treyburn development area, North Carolina, 1988–2009","docAbstract":"Streamflow and water-quality data, including concentrations of nutrients, metals, and pesticides, were collected from October 1988 through September 2009 at six sites in the Treyburn development study area. A review of water-quality data for streams in and near a 5,400-acre planned, mixed-use development in the Falls Lake watershed in the upper Neuse River Basin of North Carolina indicated only small-scale changes in water quality since the previous assessment of data collected from 1988 to 1998. Loads and yields were estimated for sediment and nutrients, and temporal trends were assessed for specific conductance, pH, and concentrations of dissolved oxygen, suspended sediment, and nutrients. Water-quality conditions for the Little River tributary and Mountain Creek may reflect development within these basins. The nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations at the Treyburn sites are low compared to sites nationally. The herbicides atrazine, metolachlor, prometon, and simazine were detected frequently at Mountain Creek and Little River tributary but concentrations are low compared to sites nationally. Little River tributary had the lowest median suspended-sediment yield over the 1988–2009 study period, whereas Flat River tributary had the largest median yield. The yields estimated for suspended sediment and nutrients were low compared to yields estimated for other basins in the Southeastern United States. Recent increasing trends were detected in total nitrogen concentration and suspended-sediment concentrations for Mountain Creek, and an increasing trend was detected in specific conductance for Little River tributary. Decreasing trends were detected in dissolved nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen, total ammonia plus organic nitrogen, sediment, and specific conductance for Flat River tributary. Water chemical concentrations, loads, yields, and trends for the Treyburn study sites reflect some effects of upstream development. These measures of water quality are generally low, however, compared to regional and national averages.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135062","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Durham","usgsCitation":"Fine, J.M., Harned, D.A., and Oblinger, C.J., 2013, Water-quality characteristics, trends, and nutrient and sediment loads of streams in the Treyburn development area, North Carolina, 1988–2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5062, viii, 61 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135062.","productDescription":"viii, 61 p.","numberOfPages":"71","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273728,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135062.gif"},{"id":273727,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5062/pdf/sir2013-5062.pdf"},{"id":273726,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5062/"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Treyburn Development Area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81,34 ], [ -81,36.5 ], [ -78,36.5 ], [ -78,34 ], [ -81,34 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51bc2d5ee4b0c04034a01c90","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fine, Jason M. 0000-0002-6386-256X jmfine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6386-256X","contributorId":2238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fine","given":"Jason","email":"jmfine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harned, Douglas A. daharned@usgs.gov","contributorId":1295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harned","given":"Douglas","email":"daharned@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":479811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oblinger, Carolyn J. 0000-0003-2914-1643 oblinger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2914-1643","contributorId":13275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oblinger","given":"Carolyn","email":"oblinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70046538,"text":"sir20135123 - 2013 - Hydrogeologic framework, arsenic distribution, and groundwater geochemistry of the glacial-sediment aquifer at the Auburn Road landfill superfund site, Londonderry, New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-14T09:26:49","indexId":"sir20135123","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5123","title":"Hydrogeologic framework, arsenic distribution, and groundwater geochemistry of the glacial-sediment aquifer at the Auburn Road landfill superfund site, Londonderry, New Hampshire","docAbstract":"Leachate continues to be generated from landfills at the Auburn Road Landfill Superfund Site in Londonderry, New Hampshire. Impermeable caps on the three landfills at the site inhibit direct infiltration of precipitation; however, high water-table conditions allow groundwater to interact with landfill materials from below, creating leachate and ultimately reducing conditions in downgradient groundwater. Reducing conditions can facilitate arsenic transport by allowing it to stay in solution or by liberating arsenic adsorbed to surfaces and from geologic sources, such as glacial sediments and bedrock.\n\nThe site occupies a 180-acre parcel of land containing streams, ponds, wetlands, and former gravel pits located in glacial sediment. Four areas, totaling 14 acres, including three landfills and one septage lagoon, were used for waste disposal. The site was closed in 1980 after volatile organic compounds associated with industrial waste dumping were detected. The site was added to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency National Priority List in 1982, and the landfills were capped in 1996. Although volatile organic compound concentrations in groundwater have declined substantially, some measurable concentrations remain. Temporally variable and persistent elevated arsenic concentrations have been measured in groundwater affected by the landfill leachate.\n\nMicrobial consumption of carbon found in leachate is a driver of reducing conditions that liberate arsenic at the site. In addition to sources of carbon in landfill leachate, wetland areas throughout the site also could contribute carbon to groundwater, but it is currently unknown if any of the wetland areas have downward or reversing gradients that could allow the infiltration of surface water to groundwater. Red-stained sediments and water indicate iron-rich groundwater discharge to surface water and are also associated with elevated concentrations of arsenic in sediment and groundwater. Ironrich groundwater seeps have been observed in the wetland, streams, and pond downgradient of the landfills. Piezometers were installed in some of these locations to confirm groundwater discharge, measure vertical-flow gradients, and to provide a way to sample the discharging groundwater.\n\nUnderstanding the movement of leachate in groundwater is complicated by the presence of preferential flow paths through aquifer materials with differing hydraulic properties; these preferential flow paths can affect rates of recharge, geochemical conditions, and contaminant fluxes. In areas adjacent to the three capped landfills, infiltration of precipitation containing oxygenated water through permeable deltaic sediments in the former gravel pit area causes increases in dissolved oxygen concentrations and decreases in arsenic concentrations. Layered deltaic sediments produce anisotropic hydraulic characteristics and zones of high hydraulic conductivity. The glacial-sediment aquifer also includes glaciolacustrine sediments that have low permeability and limit infiltration at the surface\n\nDischarge of leachate-affected groundwater may be limited in areas of organic muck on the bottom of Whispering Pines Pond because the muck may act as a semiconfining layer. Geophysical survey results were used to identify several areas with continuous beds of muck and an underlying highresistivity layer on top of a layer of low resistivity that may represent leachate-affected groundwater. The high-resistivity layer is likely groundwater associated with oxygenated recharge, which would cause arsenic to adsorb onto aquifer sediments and reduce concentrations of dissolved arsenic in groundwater.\n\nSurface and borehole geophysical data collected in 2011 were used to identify potentially high-permeability or contaminated zones in the aquifer (preferential flowpaths) as well as low-permeability zones that may promote contamination through back diffusion. Some groundwater in parts of the glacial-sediment aquifer where the leachate plumes were present had low electrical resistivity, low dissolved oxygen, and high concentrations of arsenic. Low-resistivity zones in the underlying bedrock were associated with fractures that also may contain leachate. Although surveying the fractured bedrock was not a specific objective of this study, the results suggest that such a survey would help to determine if leachate and associated concentrations of arsenic are migrating downward into the fractured-bedrock-aquifer system.\n\nAn uncalibrated, one-dimensional, reactive-transport model was used to assess several conditions that affect arsenic mobility. The results indicate that reductive dissolution and desorption from glacial sediments control dissolved arsenic concentrations. Parameter sensitivity analysis was used to identify key data that are needed in order to accurately assess the time required for arsenic concentrations to fall to levels below the maximum contaminant level at the site. Quantifying this time will require accurate characterization of carbon, sediment-surface sorption sites, and groundwater fluxes at the site.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135123","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services and in collaboration with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Degnan, J.R., and Harte, P.T., 2013, Hydrogeologic framework, arsenic distribution, and groundwater geochemistry of the glacial-sediment aquifer at the Auburn Road landfill superfund site, Londonderry, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5123, vii, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135123.","productDescription":"vii, 58 p.","numberOfPages":"70","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273707,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135123.gif"},{"id":273705,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5123/"},{"id":273706,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5123/pdf/sir2013-5123_report_508.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire","city":"Londonderry","otherGeospatial":"Auburn Road Landfill","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71.358333,42.929167 ], [ -71.358333,42.940278 ], [ -71.345833,42.940278 ], [ -71.345833,42.929167 ], [ -71.358333,42.929167 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51bc2d5ce4b0c04034a01c78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Degnan, James R. 0000-0002-5665-9010 jrdegnan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5665-9010","contributorId":498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Degnan","given":"James","email":"jrdegnan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harte, Philip T. 0000-0002-7718-1204 ptharte@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7718-1204","contributorId":1008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harte","given":"Philip","email":"ptharte@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70046587,"text":"70046587 - 2013 - Anatomy of La Jolla submarine canyon system; offshore southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-01T21:29:03.612219","indexId":"70046587","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Anatomy of La Jolla submarine canyon system; offshore southern California","docAbstract":"An autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) carrying a multibeam sonar and a chirp profiler was used to map sections of the seafloor within the La Jolla Canyon, offshore southern California, at sub-meter scales. Close-up observations and sampling were conducted during remotely operated vehicle (ROV) dives. Minisparker seismic-reflection profiles from a surface ship help to define the overall geometry of the La Jolla Canyon especially with respect to the pre-canyon host sediments.\n\nThe floor of the axial channel is covered with unconsolidated sand similar to the sand on the shelf near the canyon head, lacks outcrops of the pre-canyon host strata, has an almost constant slope of 1.0° and is covered with trains of crescent shaped bedforms. The presence of modern plant material entombed within these sands confirms that the axial channel is presently active. The sand on the canyon floor liquefied during vibracore collection and flowed downslope, illustrating that the sediment filling the channel can easily fail even on this gentle slope.\n\nData from the canyon walls help constrain the age of the canyon and extent of incision. Horizontal beds of moderately cohesive fine-grained sediments exposed on the steep canyon walls are consistently less than 1.232 million years old. The lateral continuity of seismic reflectors in minisparker profiles indicate that pre-canyon host strata extend uninterrupted from outside the canyon underneath some terraces within the canyon. Evidence of abandoned channels and point bar-like deposits are noticeably absent on the inside bend of channel meanders and in the subsurface of the terraces. While vibracores from the surface of terraces contain thin (< 10 cm) turbidites, they are inferred to be part of a veneer of recent sediment covering pre-canyon host sediments that underpin the terraces. The combined use of state of the art seafloor mapping and exploration tools provides a uniquely detailed view of the morphology within an active submarine canyon.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.margeo.2012.10.003","usgsCitation":"Paull, C.K., Caress, D., Lundsten, E., Gwiazda, R., Anderson, K., McGann, M., Conrad, J., Edwards, B., and Sumner, E., 2013, Anatomy of La Jolla submarine canyon system; offshore southern California: Marine Geology, v. 335, p. 16-34, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2012.10.003.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"16","endPage":"34","ipdsId":"IP-036805","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273744,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273743,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2012.10.003"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.41,32.53 ], [ -124.41,42.01 ], [ -114.13,42.01 ], [ -114.13,32.53 ], [ -124.41,32.53 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"335","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51bc2d53e4b0c04034a01c68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paull, C. K.","contributorId":86845,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paull","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Caress, D.W.","contributorId":14201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caress","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lundsten, E.","contributorId":89756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lundsten","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gwiazda, R.","contributorId":64920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gwiazda","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Anderson, K.","contributorId":43660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McGann, M. 0000-0002-3057-2945","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3057-2945","contributorId":49125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGann","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Conrad, J. 0000-0001-6655-694X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6655-694X","contributorId":73828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrad","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Edwards, B. 0000-0002-4655-8208","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4655-8208","contributorId":65368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Sumner, E.J.","contributorId":34415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sumner","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70046537,"text":"ofr20131067 - 2013 - 2010 Joint United States-Canadian Program to explore the limits of the Extended Continental Shelf aboard U.S. Coast Guard Cutter Healy--Cruise HLY1002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-13T21:22:59","indexId":"ofr20131067","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1067","title":"2010 Joint United States-Canadian Program to explore the limits of the Extended Continental Shelf aboard U.S. Coast Guard Cutter Healy--Cruise HLY1002","docAbstract":"In August and September 2010, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with Natural Resources Canada, Geological Survey of Canada, conducted bathymetric and geophysical surveys in the Beaufort Sea and eastern Arctic Ocean aboard the U.S. Coast Guard Cutter Healy. The principal objective of this mission to the high Arctic was to acquire data in support of a delineation of the outer limits of the U.S. and Canadian Extended Continental Shelf in the Arctic Ocean, in accordance with the provisions of Article 76 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.\n\nThe Healy was accompanied by the Canadian Coast Guard icebreaker Louis S. St-Laurent. The scientific parties on board the two vessels consisted principally of staff from the U.S. Geological Survey (Healy), and the Geological Survey of Canada and the Canadian Hydrographic Service (Louis). The crew also included marine-mammal observers, Native-community observers, ice observers, and biologists conducting research of opportunity in the Arctic Ocean.\n\nDespite interruptions necessitated by three medical emergencies, the joint survey proved largely successful. The Healy collected 7,201 trackline-kilometers of swath (multibeam) bathymetry (47,663 square kilometers) and CHIRP subbottom data, with accompanying marine gravity measurements, and expendable bathythermograph data. The Louis acquired 3,673 trackline-kilometers of multichannel seismic (airgun) deep-penetration reflection data along 25 continuous profiles, as well as 34 sonobuoy refraction stations and 9,500 trackline-kilometers of single-beam bathymetry. The coordinated efforts of the two vessels resulted in seismic-reflection-profile data that were of much higher quality and continuity than if the data had been acquired with a single vessel alone. The equipment-failure rate of the seismic equipment aboard the Louis was greatly reduced when the Healy led as the ice breaker. When ice conditions proved too severe to deploy the seismic system, the Louis led the Healy, resulting in much improved quality of the swath bathymetric and CHIRP subbottom data in comparison with data collected either by the Healy in the lead or the Healy working alone.\n\nDuring periods when the Healy was operating alone (principally when the Louis was diverted for emergency medical evacuations or ship repairs), the Healy was able to deploy a piston-core-sampler (10 meters maximum potential recovery depending on configuration). The coring operations resulted in recovery of cores at five locations ranging from 2.4 to 5.7 meters in length from water depths ranging from 1,157 to 3,700 meters. One of these cores sited on the Alaskan margin recovered the first reported occurrence of methane hydrate from the Arctic Ocean.\n\nAncillary science objectives, including ice observations and deployment of ice-monitoring buoys and water-column sampling to measure acidification of Arctic waters were successfully conducted. The water-column sampling included using 10 full-ocean-depth, water-sampling casts with accompanying conductivity-temperature-depth measurements.\n\nExcept for the data deemed proprietary, data from the cruise have been archived and are available for download at the National Geophysical Data Center and at cooperating organizations.\n\nOutreach staff and guest teachers aboard the two vessels provided near-real-time connection between the research activities and the public through online blogs, web pages, and other media.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131067","usgsCitation":"Edwards, B.D., Childs, J.R., Triezenberg, P., Danforth, W.W., and Gibbons, H., 2013, 2010 Joint United States-Canadian Program to explore the limits of the Extended Continental Shelf aboard U.S. Coast Guard Cutter Healy--Cruise HLY1002: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1067, iv, 26 p.; 8 Appendixes; Figure 4, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131067.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p.; 8 Appendixes; Figure 4","numberOfPages":"30","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2010-08-02","temporalEnd":"2010-09-06","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273689,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1067/"},{"id":273691,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1067/pdf/ofr20131067_appA.pdf"},{"id":273690,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1067/pdf/ofr20131067.pdf"},{"id":273692,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1067/pdf/ofr20131067_appB.pdf"},{"id":273693,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1067/pdf/ofr20131067_appC.pdf"},{"id":273694,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1067/pdf/ofr20131067_appD.pdf"},{"id":273695,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1067/pdf/ofr20131067_appE.pdf"},{"id":273696,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1067/pdf/ofr20131067_appF.pdf"},{"id":273697,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1067/pdf/ofr20131067_appG.pdf"},{"id":273698,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1067/pdf/ofr20131067_appH.pdf"},{"id":273699,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1067/pdf/ofr20131067_Fig4.pdf"},{"id":273700,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131067.png"}],"country":"United States;Canada","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -132.0,79.75 ], [ -132.0,80.75 ], [ -127.0,80.75 ], [ -127.0,79.75 ], [ -132.0,79.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4925e4b0b290850eeead","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edwards, Brian D. bedwards@usgs.gov","contributorId":3161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Brian","email":"bedwards@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Childs, Jonathan R. jchilds@usgs.gov","contributorId":3155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Childs","given":"Jonathan","email":"jchilds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Triezenberg, Peter J.","contributorId":32625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Triezenberg","given":"Peter J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Danforth, William W. 0000-0002-6382-9487 bdanforth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6382-9487","contributorId":3292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danforth","given":"William","email":"bdanforth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gibbons, Helen hgibbons@usgs.gov","contributorId":912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibbons","given":"Helen","email":"hgibbons@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70118255,"text":"70118255 - 2013 - Characterisation of the Permafrost Carbon Pool","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-28T09:56:29","indexId":"70118255","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-12T09:52:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3032,"text":"Permafrost and Periglacial Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterisation of the Permafrost Carbon Pool","docAbstract":"The current estimate of the soil organic carbon (SOC) pool in the northern permafrost region of 1672 Petagrams (Pg) C is much larger than previously reported and needs to be incorporated in global soil carbon (C) inventories. The Northern Circumpolar Soil Carbon Database (NCSCD), extended to include the range 0–300 cm, is now available online for wider use by the scientific community. An important future aim is to provide quantitative uncertainty ranges for C pool estimates. Recent studies have greatly improved understanding of the regional patterns, landscape distribution and vertical (soil horizon) partitioning of the permafrost C pool in the upper 3 m of soils. However, the deeper C pools in unconsolidated Quaternary deposits need to be better constrained. A general lability classification of the permafrost C pool should be developed to address potential C release upon thaw. The permafrost C pool and its dynamics are beginning to be incorporated into Earth System models, although key periglacial processes such as thermokarst still need to be properly represented to obtain a better quantification of the full permafrost C feedback on global climate change.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Permafrost and Periglacial Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons","publisherLocation":"Sussex, England","doi":"10.1002/ppp.1782","usgsCitation":"Kuhry, P., Grosse, G., Harden, J., Hugelius, G., Koven, C., Ping, C., Schirrmeister, L., and Tarnocai, C., 2013, Characterisation of the Permafrost Carbon Pool: Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, v. 24, no. 2, p. 146-155, https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.1782.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"146","endPage":"155","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":473748,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.1782","text":"External Repository"},{"id":291108,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291107,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.1782"}],"volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-06-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f2cbe4b0bc0bec0a05d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuhry, P.","contributorId":57277,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kuhry","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grosse, G.","contributorId":82140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grosse","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harden, J.W. 0000-0002-6570-8259","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":38585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hugelius, G.","contributorId":27338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hugelius","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Koven, C.D.","contributorId":34017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koven","given":"C.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ping, C.-L.","contributorId":60843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ping","given":"C.-L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schirrmeister, L.","contributorId":41355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schirrmeister","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Tarnocai, C.","contributorId":67391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tarnocai","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70046471,"text":"ofr20131058 - 2013 - Regional maps of subsurface geopressure gradients of the onshore and offshore Gulf of Mexico basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-12T21:18:17","indexId":"ofr20131058","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1058","title":"Regional maps of subsurface geopressure gradients of the onshore and offshore Gulf of Mexico basin","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey created a comprehensive geopressure-gradient model of the regional pressure system spanning the onshore and offshore Gulf of Mexico basin, USA. This model was used to generate ten maps that included (1) five contour maps characterizing the depth to the surface defined by the first occurrence of isopressure gradients ranging from 0.60 psi/ft to 1.00 psi/ft, in 0.10-psi/ft increments; and (2) five supporting maps illustrating the spatial density of the data used to construct the contour maps. These contour maps of isopressure-gradients at various increments enable the identification and quantification of the occurrence, magnitude, location, and depth of the subsurface pressure system, which allows for the broad characterization of regions exhibiting overpressured, underpressured, and normally pressured strata.\n\nIdentification of overpressured regions is critical for exploration and evaluation of potential undiscovered hydrocarbon accumulations based on petroleum-generation pressure signatures and pressure-retention properties of reservoir seals. Characterization of normally pressured regions is essential for field development decisions such as determining the dominant production drive mechanisms, evaluating well placement and drainage patterns, and deciding on well stimulation methods such as hydraulic fracturing. Identification of underpressured regions is essential for evaluating the feasibility of geological sequestration and long-term containment of fluids such as supercritical carbon dioxide for alternative disposal methods of greenhouse gases.\n\nThis study is the first, quantitative investigation of the regional pressure systems of one of the most important petroleum provinces in the United States. Although this methodology was developed for pressure studies in the Gulf of Mexico basin, it is applicable to any basin worldwide.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131058","usgsCitation":"Burke, L.A., Kinney, S.A., Dubiel, R.F., and Pitman, J.K., 2013, Regional maps of subsurface geopressure gradients of the onshore and offshore Gulf of Mexico basin: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1058, Maps: 3 Sheets: 89 x 41 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131058.","productDescription":"Maps: 3 Sheets: 89 x 41 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273663,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1058/OFR13-1058_sheet2.pdf"},{"id":273664,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1058/OFR13-1058_sheet3.pdf"},{"id":273661,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1058/"},{"id":273662,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1058/OFR13-1058_sheet1.pdf"},{"id":273665,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131058.png"}],"otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.9,18.2 ], [ -97.9,30.4 ], [ -81.0,30.4 ], [ -81.0,18.2 ], [ -97.9,18.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b98a5ee4b07b9df6070f3e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burke, Lauri A. 0000-0002-2035-8048 lburke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2035-8048","contributorId":3859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burke","given":"Lauri","email":"lburke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kinney, Scott A. 0000-0001-5008-5813 skinney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5008-5813","contributorId":1395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinney","given":"Scott","email":"skinney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dubiel, Russell F. 0000-0002-1280-0350 rdubiel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1280-0350","contributorId":1294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dubiel","given":"Russell","email":"rdubiel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pitman, Janet K. 0000-0002-0441-779X jpitman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0441-779X","contributorId":767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitman","given":"Janet","email":"jpitman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70046461,"text":"ofr20131117 - 2013 - Circulation exchange patterns in Sinclair Inlet, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-12T13:17:52","indexId":"ofr20131117","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1117","title":"Circulation exchange patterns in Sinclair Inlet, Washington","docAbstract":"In 1994, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Navy, deployed three sets of moorings in Sinclair Inlet, which is a relatively small embayment on the western side of Puget Sound (fig. 1). This inlet is home to the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard. One purpose of the measurement program was to determine the transport pathways and fate of contaminants known to be present in Sinclair Inlet. Extensive descriptions of the program and the resultant information about contaminant pathways have been reported in Gartner and others (1998). This report primarily focused on the bottom boundary layer and the potential for resuspension and transport of sediments on the seabed in Sinclair Inlet as a result of tides and waves.  Recently (2013), interest in transport pathways for suspended and dissolved materials in Sinclair Inlet has been rekindled. In particular, the USGS scientists in Washington and California have been asked to reexamine the datasets collected in the earlier study to refine not only our understanding of transport pathways through the inlet, but to determine how those transport pathways are affected by subtidal currents, local wind stress, and fresh water inputs. Because the prior study focused on the bottom boundary layer and not the water column, a reanalysis of the datasets could increase our understanding of the dynamic forces that drive transport within and through the inlet. However, the early datasets are limited in scope and a comprehensive understanding of these transport processes may require more extensive datasets or the development of a detailed numerical model of transport processes for the inlet, or both.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131117","usgsCitation":"Noble, M.A., Rosenberger, K., Paulson, A.J., and Gartner, A.L., 2013, Circulation exchange patterns in Sinclair Inlet, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1117, vi, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131117.","productDescription":"vi, 40 p.","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":373,"text":"Marine Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273648,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131117.bmp"},{"id":273647,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1117/pdf/ofr20131117.pdf"},{"id":273646,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1117/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Sinclair Inlet;Puget Sound","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.75,47.42 ], [ -122.75,47.75 ], [ -122.4,47.75 ], [ -122.4,47.42 ], [ -122.75,47.42 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b98a5be4b07b9df6070f12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Noble, Marlene A. mnoble@usgs.gov","contributorId":1429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noble","given":"Marlene","email":"mnoble@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosenberger, Kurt J.","contributorId":12934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberger","given":"Kurt J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paulson, Anthony J. 0000-0002-2358-8834 apaulson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2358-8834","contributorId":5236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paulson","given":"Anthony","email":"apaulson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":479694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gartner, Anne L.","contributorId":32620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gartner","given":"Anne","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70046477,"text":"70046477 - 2013 - Characterization and conceptualization of groundwater flow systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-05T15:42:23.360562","indexId":"70046477","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"2","title":"Characterization and conceptualization of groundwater flow systems","docAbstract":"This chapter discusses some of the fundamental concepts, data needs and approaches that aid in developing a general understanding of a groundwater system. Principles of the hydrological cycle are reviewed; the processes of recharge and discharge in aquifer systems; types of geological, hydrological and hydraulic data needed to describe the hydrogeological framework of an aquifer system; factors affecting the distribution of recharge to aquifers; and uses of groundwater chemistry, geochemical modelling, environmental tracers and age interpretations in groundwater studies. Together, these concepts and observations aid in developing a conceptualization of groundwater flow systems and provide input to the development of numerical models of a flow system. Conceptualization of the geology, hydrology, geochemistry, and hydrogeological and hydrochemical framework can be quite useful in planning, study design, guiding sampling campaigns, acquisition of new data and, ultimately, developing numerical models capable of assessing a wide variety of societal issues — for example, sustainability of groundwater resources in response to real or planned withdrawals from the system, CO<sub>2</sub> sequestration or other waste isolation issues (such as nuclear waste disposal).","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Isotope Methods for Dating Old Groundwater","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"International Atomic Energy Agency","publisherLocation":"Vienna, Austria","usgsCitation":"Plummer, N., Sanford, W., and Glynn, P.D., 2013, Characterization and conceptualization of groundwater flow systems, chap. 2 <i>of</i> Isotope Methods for Dating Old Groundwater, p. 5-19.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"5","endPage":"19","ipdsId":"IP-021043","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273667,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273666,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www-pub.iaea.org/books/iaeabooks/8880/Isotope-Methods-for-Dating-Old-Groundwater"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b98a58e4b07b9df6070f0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sanford, W. E. 0000-0002-6624-0280","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-0280","contributorId":102112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"W. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Glynn, P. D.","contributorId":7008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glynn","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70046480,"text":"70046480 - 2013 - Numerical flow models and their calibration using tracer based ages","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-27T17:18:38.913441","indexId":"70046480","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"10","title":"Numerical flow models and their calibration using tracer based ages","docAbstract":"Any estimate of ‘age’ of a groundwater sample based on environmental tracers requires some form of geochemical model to interpret the tracer chemistry (chapter 3) and is, therefore, referred to in this chapter as a tracer model age. the tracer model age of a groundwater sample can be useful for obtaining information on the residence time and replenishment rate of an aquifer system, but that type of data is most useful when it can be incorporated with all other information that is known about the groundwater system under study. groundwater fl ow models are constructed of aquifer systems because they are usually the best way of incorporating all of the known information about the system in the context of a mathematical framework that constrains the model to follow the known laws of physics and chemistry as they apply to groundwater flow and transport. It is important that the purpose or objective of the study be identified first before choosing the type and complexity of the model to be constructed, and to make sure such a model is necessary. The purpose of a modelling study is most often to characterize the system within a numerical framework, such that the hydrological responses of the system can be tested under potential stresses that might be imposed given future development scenarios. As this manual discusses dating as it applies to old groundwater, most readers are likely to be interested in studying regional groundwater flow systems and their water resource potential.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Isotope Methods for Dating Old Groundwater","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"International Atomic Energy Agency","publisherLocation":"Vienna, Austria","usgsCitation":"Sanford, W., 2013, Numerical flow models and their calibration using tracer based ages, chap. 10 <i>of</i> Isotope Methods for Dating Old Groundwater, p. 245-258.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"245","endPage":"258","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273673,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273672,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www-pub.iaea.org/books/iaeabooks/8880/Isotope-Methods-for-Dating-Old-Groundwater"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b98a5de4b07b9df6070f32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanford, W.","contributorId":76490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70044082,"text":"70044082 - 2013 - Interacting coastal based ecosystem services: recreation and water quality in Puget Sound, WA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-12T15:39:57","indexId":"70044082","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interacting coastal based ecosystem services: recreation and water quality in Puget Sound, WA","docAbstract":"Coastal recreation and water quality are major contributors to human well-being in coastal regions. They can also interact, creating opportunities for ecosystem based management, ecological restoration, and water quality improvement that can positively affect people and the environment. Yet the effect of environmental quality on human behavior is often poorly quantified, but commonly assumed in coastal ecosystem service studies. To clarify this effect we investigate a water quality dataset for evidence that environmental condition partially explains variation in recreational visitation, our indicator of human behavior. In Puget Sound, WA, we investigate variation in visitation in both visitation rate and fixed effects (FE) models. The visitation rate model relates the differences in annual recreational visitation among parks to environmental conditions, park characteristics, travel cost, and recreational demand. In our FE model we control for all time-invariant unobserved variables and compare monthly variation at the park level to determine how water quality affects visitation during the summer season. The results of our first model illustrate how visitation relates to various amenities and costs. In the FE analysis, monthly visitation was negatively related to water quality while controlling for monthly visitation trends. This indicates people are responding to changes in water quality, and an improvement would yield an increase in the value of recreation. Together, these results could help in prioritizing water quality improvements, could assist the creation of new parks or the modification of existing recreational infrastructure, and provide quantitative estimates for the expected benefits from potential changes in recreational visitation and water quality improvements. Our results also provide an example of how recreational visitation can be quantified and used in ecosystem service assessments.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0056670","usgsCitation":"Kreitler, J., Papenfus, M., Byrd, K., and Labiosa, W., 2013, Interacting coastal based ecosystem services: recreation and water quality in Puget Sound, WA: PLoS ONE, v. 8, no. 2, e56670, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0056670.","productDescription":"e56670","ipdsId":"IP-030510","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473751,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0056670","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":273658,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273657,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0056670"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Puget Sound","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.73,46.77 ], [ -124.73,49.23 ], [ -121.67,49.23 ], [ -121.67,46.77 ], [ -124.73,46.77 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"8","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-02-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b98a5de4b07b9df6070f2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kreitler, Jason","contributorId":68205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kreitler","given":"Jason","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Papenfus, Michael","contributorId":20636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Papenfus","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Byrd, Kristin","contributorId":82053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byrd","given":"Kristin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Labiosa, William","contributorId":26421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Labiosa","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70189065,"text":"70189065 - 2013 - Uranium quantification in semen by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-30T09:04:05","indexId":"70189065","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2485,"text":"Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uranium quantification in semen by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry","docAbstract":"<p><span>In this study we report uranium analysis for human semen samples. Uranium quantification was performed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. No additives, such as chymotrypsin or bovine serum albumin, were used for semen liquefaction, as they showed significant uranium content. For method validation we spiked 2</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>g aliquots of pooled control semen at three different levels of uranium: low at 5</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>pg/g, medium at 50</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>pg/g, and high at 1000</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>pg/g. The detection limit was determined to be 0.8</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>pg/g uranium in human semen. The data reproduced within 1.4–7% RSD and spike recoveries were 97–100%. The uranium level of the unspiked, pooled control semen was 2.9</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>pg/g of semen (</span><i>n</i><span>&nbsp;</span><span>=</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>10). In addition six semen samples from a cohort of Veterans exposed to depleted uranium (DU) in the 1991 Gulf War were analyzed with no knowledge of their exposure history. Uranium levels in the Veterans’ semen samples ranged from undetectable (&lt;0.8</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>pg/g) to 3350</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>pg/g. This wide concentration range for uranium in semen is consistent with known differences in current DU body burdens in these individuals, some of whom have retained embedded DU fragments.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2012.07.004","usgsCitation":"Todorov, T.I., Ejnik, J.W., Guandalini, G.S., Xu, H., Hoover, D., Anderson, L.W., Squibb, K., McDiarmid, M.A., and Centeno, J.A., 2013, Uranium quantification in semen by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, v. 27, no. 1, p. 2-6, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2012.07.004.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"2","endPage":"6","ipdsId":"IP-030922","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343203,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59576338e4b0d1f9f051b549","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Todorov, Todor I. ttodorov@usgs.gov","contributorId":1605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Todorov","given":"Todor","email":"ttodorov@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":702712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ejnik, John W.","contributorId":193962,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ejnik","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guandalini, Gustavo S.","contributorId":193960,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guandalini","given":"Gustavo","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Xu, Hanna","contributorId":193961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Xu","given":"Hanna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hoover, Dennis","contributorId":193959,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoover","given":"Dennis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Anderson, Larry W.","contributorId":172947,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Squibb, Katherine","contributorId":194042,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Squibb","given":"Katherine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"McDiarmid, Melissa A.","contributorId":194043,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDiarmid","given":"Melissa","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Centeno, Jose A.","contributorId":107724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Centeno","given":"Jose","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}}
,{"id":70189948,"text":"70189948 - 2013 - Phast4Windows: A 3D graphical user interface for the reactive-transport simulator PHAST","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-31T13:28:01","indexId":"70189948","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phast4Windows: A 3D graphical user interface for the reactive-transport simulator PHAST","docAbstract":"<p><span>Phast4Windows is a Windows® program for developing and running groundwater-flow and reactive-transport models with the PHAST simulator. This graphical user interface allows definition of grid-independent spatial distributions of model properties—the porous media properties, the initial head and chemistry conditions, boundary conditions, and locations of wells, rivers, drains, and accounting zones—and other parameters necessary for a simulation. Spatial data can be defined without reference to a grid by drawing, by point-by-point definitions, or by importing files, including ArcInfo® shape and raster files. All definitions can be inspected, edited, deleted, moved, copied, and switched from hidden to visible through the data tree of the interface. Model features are visualized in the main panel of the interface, so that it is possible to zoom, pan, and rotate features in three dimensions (3D). PHAST simulates single phase, constant density, saturated groundwater flow under confined or unconfined conditions. Reactions among multiple solutes include mineral equilibria, cation exchange, surface complexation, solid solutions, and general kinetic reactions. The interface can be used to develop and run simple or complex models, and is ideal for use in the classroom, for analysis of laboratory column experiments, and for development of field-scale simulations of geochemical processes and contaminant transport.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.00993.x","usgsCitation":"Charlton, S.R., and Parkhurst, D.L., 2013, Phast4Windows: A 3D graphical user interface for the reactive-transport simulator PHAST: Groundwater, v. 51, no. 4, p. 623-628, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.00993.x.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"623","endPage":"628","ipdsId":"IP-037472","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344470,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5980419de4b0a38ca278936e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Charlton, Scott R. 0000-0001-7332-3394 charlton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7332-3394","contributorId":1632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charlton","given":"Scott","email":"charlton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parkhurst, David L. 0000-0003-3348-1544 dlpark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3348-1544","contributorId":1088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parkhurst","given":"David","email":"dlpark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70189759,"text":"70189759 - 2013 - Inferring fault rheology from low-frequency earthquakes on the San Andreas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-25T13:57:48","indexId":"70189759","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inferring fault rheology from low-frequency earthquakes on the San Andreas","docAbstract":"<p><span>Families of recurring low-frequency earthquakes (LFEs) within nonvolcanic tremor (NVT) on the San Andreas fault in central California show strong sensitivity to shear stress induced by the daily tidal cycle. LFEs occur at all levels of the tidal shear stress and are in phase with the very small, ~400 Pa, stress amplitude. To quantitatively explain the correlation, we use a model from the existing literature that assumes the LFE sources are small, persistent regions that repeatedly fail during shear of a much larger scale, otherwise aseismically creeping fault zone. The LFE source patches see tectonic loading, creep of the surrounding fault which may be modulated by the tidal stress, and direct tidal loading. If the patches are small relative to the surrounding creeping fault then the stressing is dominated by fault creep, and if patch failure occurs at a threshold stress, then the resulting seismicity rate is proportional to the fault creep rate or fault zone strain rate. Using the seismicity rate as a proxy for strain rate and the tidal shear stress, we fit the data with possible fault rheologies that produce creep in laboratory experiments at temperatures of 400 to 600°C appropriate for the LFE source depth. The rheological properties of rock-forming minerals for dislocation creep and dislocation glide are not consistent with the observed fault creep because strong correlation between small stress perturbations and strain rate requires perturbation on the order of the ambient stress. The observed tidal modulation restricts ambient stress to be at most a few kilopascal, much lower than rock strength. A purely rate dependent friction is consistent with the observations only if the product of the friction rate dependence and effective normal stress is ~ 0.5 kPa. Extrapolating the friction rate strengthening dependence of phyllosilicates (talc) to depth would require the effective normal stress to be ~50 kPa, implying pore pressure is lithostatic. If the LFE source is on the order of tens of meters, as required by the model, rate-weakening friction rate dependence (e.g., olivine) at 400 to 600°C requires that the minimum effective pressure at the LFE source is ~ 2.5 MPa.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2013JB010118","usgsCitation":"Beeler, N.M., Thomas, A., Bürgmann, R., and Shelly, D.R., 2013, Inferring fault rheology from low-frequency earthquakes on the San Andreas: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 118, no. 11, p. 5976-5990, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JB010118.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"5976","endPage":"5990","ipdsId":"IP-051647","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473756,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2013jb010118","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":344245,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United  States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Andreas fault","volume":"118","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-11-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59770755e4b0ec1a48889fc8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beeler, Nicholas M. 0000-0002-3397-8481 nbeeler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3397-8481","contributorId":2682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeler","given":"Nicholas","email":"nbeeler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomas, Amanda","contributorId":195086,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomas","given":"Amanda","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bürgmann, Roland","contributorId":195087,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bürgmann","given":"Roland","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shelly, David R. dshelly@usgs.gov","contributorId":2978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelly","given":"David","email":"dshelly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70190217,"text":"70190217 - 2013 - Evidence of territoriality and species interactions from spatial point-pattern analyses of subarctic-nesting geese","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-20T10:43:36","indexId":"70190217","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence of territoriality and species interactions from spatial point-pattern analyses of subarctic-nesting geese","docAbstract":"<p><span>Quantifying spatial patterns of bird nests and nest fate provides insights into processes influencing a species’ distribution. At Cape Churchill, Manitoba, Canada, recent declines in breeding Eastern Prairie Population Canada geese (</span><i>Branta canadensis interior</i><span>) has coincided with increasing populations of nesting lesser snow geese (</span><i>Chen caerulescens caerulescens</i><span>) and Ross’s geese (</span><i>Chen rossii</i><span>). We conducted a spatial analysis of point patterns using Canada goose nest locations and nest fate, and lesser snow goose nest locations at two study areas in northern Manitoba with different densities and temporal durations of sympatric nesting Canada and lesser snow geese. Specifically, we assessed (1) whether Canada geese exhibited territoriality and at what scale and nest density; and (2) whether spatial patterns of Canada goose nest fate were associated with the density of nesting lesser snow geese as predicted by the protective-association hypothesis. Between 2001 and 2007, our data suggest that Canada geese were territorial at the scale of nearest neighbors, but were aggregated when considering overall density of conspecifics at slightly broader spatial scales. The spatial distribution of nest fates indicated that lesser snow goose nest proximity and density likely influence Canada goose nest fate. Our analyses of spatial point patterns suggested that continued changes in the distribution and abundance of breeding lesser snow geese on the Hudson Bay Lowlands may have impacts on the reproductive performance of Canada geese, and subsequently the spatial distribution of Canada goose nests.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0081029","usgsCitation":"Reiter, M., and Andersen, D., 2013, Evidence of territoriality and species interactions from spatial point-pattern analyses of subarctic-nesting geese: PLoS ONE, v. 8, no. 12, Article e81029: 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0081029.","productDescription":"Article e81029: 10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-017802","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473757,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0081029","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":344978,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-12-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"599a9fb6e4b0b589267d58b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reiter, Matthew","contributorId":195769,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reiter","given":"Matthew","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17734,"text":"Point Blue Conservation Science","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":708098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andersen, David E. 0000-0001-9535-3404 dea@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9535-3404","contributorId":2168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"David E.","email":"dea@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":34539,"text":"Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":708019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70044503,"text":"70044503 - 2013 - Case study Middle Rio Grande Basin, New Mexico, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-27T16:36:10.676771","indexId":"70044503","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"12","title":"Case study Middle Rio Grande Basin, New Mexico, USA","docAbstract":"Chemical and isotopic patterns in groundwater can record characteristics of water sources, flow directions, and groundwater-age information.  This hydrochemical information can be useful in refining conceptualization of groundwater flow, in calibration of numerical models of groundwater flow, and in estimation of paleo and modern recharge rates.  This case study shows how chemical and isotopic data were used to characterize sources and flow of groundwater in the Middle Rio Grande Basin (MRGB) of New Mexico, USA. The <sup>14</sup>C model  ages of the groundwater samples are on the tens of thousands of year timescale.  These data changed some of the prevailing ideas about flow in the MRGB, and were used to improve a numerical model of the aquifer system.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Isotope Methods for Dating Old Groundwater","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"International Atomic Energy Agency","publisherLocation":"Vienna, Austria","usgsCitation":"Plummer, N., and Sanford, W., 2013, Case study Middle Rio Grande Basin, New Mexico, USA, chap. 12 <i>of</i> Isotope Methods for Dating Old Groundwater, p. 273-295.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"273","endPage":"295","ipdsId":"IP-017072","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273618,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273614,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www-pub.iaea.org/books/iaeabooks/8880/Isotope-Methods-for-Dating-Old-Groundwater"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Middle Rio Grande Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.5,34.25 ], [ -107.5,35.75 ], [ -106.0,35.75 ], [ -106.0,34.25 ], [ -107.5,34.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b838d8e4b03203c522b182","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sanford, W.","contributorId":76490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}