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,{"id":34098,"text":"b1292 - 1969 - The Geologic Story of Mount Rainier","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-22T15:44:26","indexId":"b1292","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1292","title":"The Geologic Story of Mount Rainier","docAbstract":"<p>Ice-clad Mount Rainier, towering over the landscape of western Washington, ranks with Fuji-yama in Japan, Popocatepeti in Mexico, and Vesuvius in Italy among the great volcanoes of the world. At Mount Rainier, as at other inactive volcanoes, the ever-present possibility of renewed eruptions gives viewers a sense of anticipation, excitement, and apprehension not equaled by most other mountains. Even so, many of us cannot imagine the cataclysmic scale of the eruptions that were responsible for building the giant cone which now stands in silence. We accept the volcano as if it had always been there, and we appreciate only the beauty of its stark expanses of rock and ice, its flower-strewn alpine meadows, and its bordering evergreen forests.</p><p>Mount Rainier owes its scenic beauty to many features. The broad cone spreads out on top of a major mountain range - the Cascades. The volcano rises about 7,000 feet above its 7,000-foot foundation, and stands in solitary splendor - the highest peak in the entire Cascade Range. Its rocky ice-mantled slopes above timberline contrast with the dense green forests and give Mount Rainier the appearance of an arctic island in a temperate sea, an island so large that you can see its full size and shape only from the air. The mountain is highly photogenic because of the contrasts it offers among bare rock, snowfields, blue sky, and the incomparable flower fields that color its lower slopes, shadows cast by the multitude of cliffs, ridges, canyons, and pinnacles change constantly from sunrise to sunset, endlessly varying the texture and mood of the mountain. The face of the mountain also varies from day to day as its broad snowfields melt during the summer. The melting of these frozen reservoirs makes Mount Rainier a natural resource in a practical as well as in an esthetic sense, for it ensures steady flows of water for hydroelectric power in the region, regardless of season.</p><p>Seen from the Puget Sound country to the west, Mount Rainier has an unreal quality - its white summit, nearly 3 miles high, seems to float among the clouds. We share with the populace of the entire lowland a thrill as we watch skyward the evening's setting sun reddens the volcano's western snowfields. When you approach the mountain in its lovely setting, you may find something that appeals especially to you - the scenery, the wildlife, the glaciers, or the wildflowers. Or you may feel challenged to climb to the summit. Mount Rainier and its neighboring mountains have a special allure for a geologist because he visualizes the event - some ordinary, some truly spectacular - that made the present landscape. Such is the fascination of geology. A geologist becomes trained to see 'in his mind's eye' geologic events of thousands or even millions of years ago. And, most remarkable, he can 'see' these events by studying rocks in a cliff or roadcut, or perhaps by examining earthy material that looks like common soil beneath pastureland many miles away from the volcano.</p><p>Our key to understanding the geology of Mount Rainier is that each geologic event can be reconstructed - or imagined - from the rocks formed at the time of the event. With this principle as our guide, we will review the geologic ancestry of this majestic volcano and learn what is behind its scenery.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/b1292","usgsCitation":"Crandell, D.R., 1969, The Geologic Story of Mount Rainier (Revised 1983): U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1292, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1292.","productDescription":"43 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":164037,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1292/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":96253,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1292/report.pdf","size":"10911","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mt. 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,{"id":43774,"text":"ofr69270 - 1969 - Geologic map of west-central part of Lander County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-03T10:14:14","indexId":"ofr69270","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"69-270","title":"Geologic map of west-central part of Lander County, Nevada","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/ofr69270","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Nevada Bureau of Mines","usgsCitation":"Stewart, J.H., and McKee, E.H., 1969, Geologic map of west-central part of Lander County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey 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John H.","contributorId":83086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":228675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKee, Edwin H. mckee@usgs.gov","contributorId":3728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"Edwin","email":"mckee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":228674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":55918,"text":"ofr69190 - 1969 - Progress Report III: Descriptions and analyses of pyritic core from drill holes and 7, Wadi Wassat area, Saudi Arabia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-14T10:11:06","indexId":"ofr69190","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"69-190","title":"Progress Report III: Descriptions and analyses of pyritic core from drill holes and 7, Wadi Wassat area, Saudi Arabia","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.s. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr69190","usgsCitation":"Overstreet, W., Rasainen, E., Fourati, M., Shahwan, K., and Baradja, I., 1969, Progress Report III: Descriptions and analyses of pyritic core from drill holes and 7, Wadi Wassat area, Saudi Arabia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 69-190, 75 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr69190.","productDescription":"75 p.","numberOfPages":"75","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":184612,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Saudi Arabia","otherGeospatial":"Wadi Wassat","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 34.55,16.38 ], [ 34.55,32.15 ], [ 55.67,32.15 ], [ 55.67,16.38 ], [ 34.55,16.38 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db68883c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Overstreet, W.C.","contributorId":105294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Overstreet","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":254476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rasainen, Elno","contributorId":90978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rasainen","given":"Elno","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":254475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fourati, M.A.","contributorId":30506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fourati","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":254472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shahwan, K.H.","contributorId":60499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shahwan","given":"K.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":254473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Baradja, Ibrahim","contributorId":73462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baradja","given":"Ibrahim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":254474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1143,"text":"wsp1608L - 1969 - Evaluation and control of corrosion and encrustation in tube wells of the Indus Plains, West Pakistan","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":22722,"text":"ofr6436 - 1964 - Preliminary evaluation of corrosion and encrustation mechanisms in tube wells of the Indus Plains, West Pakistan","indexId":"ofr6436","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"title":"Preliminary evaluation of corrosion and encrustation mechanisms in tube wells of the Indus Plains, West Pakistan"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1143,"text":"wsp1608L - 1969 - Evaluation and control of corrosion and encrustation in tube wells of the Indus Plains, West Pakistan","indexId":"wsp1608L","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"chapter":"L","title":"Evaluation and control of corrosion and encrustation in tube wells of the Indus Plains, West Pakistan"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":52566,"text":"ofr6745 - 1967 - Evaluation and control of corrosion and encrustation in tube wells of the Indus Plain, West Pakistan","indexId":"ofr6745","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"title":"Evaluation and control of corrosion and encrustation in tube wells of the Indus Plain, West Pakistan"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1143,"text":"wsp1608L - 1969 - Evaluation and control of corrosion and encrustation in tube wells of the Indus Plains, West Pakistan","indexId":"wsp1608L","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"chapter":"L","title":"Evaluation and control of corrosion and encrustation in tube wells of the Indus Plains, West Pakistan"},"id":2}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:18","indexId":"wsp1608L","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1608","chapter":"L","title":"Evaluation and control of corrosion and encrustation in tube wells of the Indus Plains, West Pakistan","docAbstract":"Seepage from rivers and irrigation canals has contributed to waterlogging and soil salinization problems in much of the Indus Plains of West Pakistan. These problems are being overcome in part by tube-well dewatering and deep leaching of salinized soils. The ground waters described here are anaerobic and some are supersaturated with troublesome minerals such as calcium carbonate (calcite) and iron carbonate (siderite). These waters are moderately corrosive to steel. Some wells contain sulfate-reducing bacteria, which catalyze corrosion, and pH-electrode potential relationships favorable to the solution of iron also are rather common. Corrosion is concentrated in the relatively active (anodic) saw slots of water-well filter pipes (screens), where metal loss is least tolerable. Local changes in chemical properties of the water, because of corrosion, apparently cause deposition of calcium carbonate, iron carbonate, and other minerals which clog the filter pipes. In some places well capacities are seriously reduced in very short periods of time. There appears to be no practicable preventive treatment for corrosion and encrustation in these wells. Even chemical sterilization for bacterial control has yielded poor results. Periodic rehabilitation by down-hole blasting or by other effective mechanical or chemical cleaning methods will prolong well life. It may be possible to repair severely damaged well screens by inserting perforated sleeves of plastic or other inert material. \r\n\r\nThe most promising approach to future, well-field development is to use filter pipes of epoxy-resin-bonded fiber glass, stainless steel, or other inert material which minimizes both corrosion and corrosion-catalyzed encrustation. Fiberglass plastic pipe appears to be the most economically practicable construction material at this time and already is being used with promising results.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1608L","usgsCitation":"Clarke, F., and Barnes, I., 1969, Evaluation and control of corrosion and encrustation in tube wells of the Indus Plains, West Pakistan: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1608, vi, 63 p. : ill., maps ;22 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1608L.","productDescription":"vi, 63 p. : ill., maps ;22 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137622,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1608l/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25924,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1608l/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a50e4b07f02db629652","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clarke, Frank Eldridge","contributorId":107255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clarke","given":"Frank Eldridge","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barnes, Ivan","contributorId":56619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"Ivan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":34790,"text":"b1271E - 1969 - Pecos National Monument, New Mexico: Its geologic setting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-22T21:27:07.716549","indexId":"b1271E","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1271","chapter":"E","title":"Pecos National Monument, New Mexico: Its geologic setting","docAbstract":"The ruins of the pueblos and missions of Pecos lie on the east bank of Glorieta Creek near its junction with the Pecos River at the south end of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains in north-central New Mexico. Here the Pecos River and Glorieta Creek have formed a broad rolling valley in which the red adobe walls of the mission church stand as a striking monument to a historic past.\r\n\r\nThis is beautiful country; the bright hues of red rocks are complemented by the varied greens of the junipers, pi?ons, and ponderosa pines. Northward the Sangre de Cristo Mountains stretch for miles in a blue mist toward the Truchas Peaks and forests of the Pecos Wilderness. A few miles south of the ruins the steep high escarpment of Glorieta Mesa marks, in a general way, the southern termination of the Rocky Mountain System, which here is represented by the Sangre de Cristos.\r\n\r\nThe escarpment of Glorieta Mesa has been formed largely by the Pecos River and its tributaries eroding the soft sedimentary layers. The Pecos flows southward from the high mountains in the north, parallels the mesa escarpment for 15 miles, and breaches the mesa near San Jose. About 1-1/2 miles southwest of the Pecos ruins at Cerro de Escobas is the highest point on Glorieta Mesa. It is the most conspicuous feature of the local landscape and rises to an elevation of 8,212 feet - 1,270 feet above the ruins. The slope of the escarpment here is very steep, rising 6 feet in every 10 horizontal feet.\r\n\r\nAlong the north side of the Glorieta Mesa escarpment is a 30-mile-long natural pass around the south end of the Sangre de Cristos that extends from Canoncito on the west to Starvation Peak on the east (fig. 1). The elevation of the pass is greater than 6,000 feet at all places, and it reaches its summit of 7,432 feet near the village of Glorieta near the west end of the pass. This pass has been used as a major travel route for more than 800 years by the Indians, Spanish, and Americans. The famous Santa Fe Trail passed through here and was superseded by the railroad, whose main-line tracks closely parallel the traces of the old wagon ruts. The modern four-lane divided highway, Interstate Highway I-25, carries high-speed automotive traffic through Glorieta Pass alongside the Santa Fe Railway. Glorieta Pass has been the locale of many important historical events, including the passage of Coronado's expedition in 1540-41; the construction of the two large mission churches at Pecos Pueblo; the capture and imprisonment of the men of the Texas Expedition in 1841; the passage of the American Army under General Kearny on its way to Santa Fe, Chihuahua, and California in 1846; and the Civil War Battle of Glorieta Pass in 1862.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to general geology, 1968","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b1271E","usgsCitation":"Johnson, R.B., 1969, Pecos National Monument, New Mexico: Its geologic setting: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1271, Report: iii, 11 p.; 1 Plate: 12.00 × 10.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/b1271E.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 11 p.; 1 Plate: 12.00 × 10.00 inches","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":109683,"rank":699,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_21363.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"21363"},{"id":62688,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1271e/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":62687,"rank":399,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1271e/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":167645,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1271e/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Pecos National Monument","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -105.7170,\n              35.5137842234445\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.64453124999999,\n              35.5137842234445\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.64453124999999,\n              35.56853899134082\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.7170,\n              35.56853899134082\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.7170,\n              35.5137842234445\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad4e4b07f02db682ef5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Ross Byron","contributorId":37339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Ross","email":"","middleInitial":"Byron","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":213590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":34086,"text":"b1288 - 1969 - Surficial Geology of Mount Rainier National Park, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:09","indexId":"b1288","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1288","title":"Surficial Geology of Mount Rainier National Park, Washington","docAbstract":"Much of the ground surface around Mount Rainier volcano is directly underlain by loose geologic deposits that veneer the hard rock formations. Examples of these deposits are sand and gravel bars along the rivers, ridges of loose rock debris beside the glaciers, and sloping aprons of rock fragments beneath almost every cliff. Even though they are generally thin and inconspicuous when compared with the rock formations, these surficial deposits are clues to geologic events that have profoundly influenced the shape of the park's landscape. Thus, from the character and extent of glacial deposits one can judge the age and size of former glaciers that carved the cirques and deep canyons of the park; from the mudflows which streamed down nearly every valley one can infer the age and size of huge landslides of the past that helped determine Mount Rainier's present shape; and from the pumice deposits some of the volcano's recent eruptive activity can be reconstructed.\r\n\r\nThe map (plate 1, in pocket) that accompanies this description of the surficial deposits of Mount Rainier National Park shows the location of the various geologic formations, and the explanation shows the formations arranged in order of their relative age, with the oldest at the bottom. The text describes the surficial deposits in sequence from older to younger. A discussion of the pumice deposits of the park, which were not mapped, is followed by a description of the formations shown on the geologic map.\r\n\r\nInspection of the geologic map may lead the viewer to question why the surficial deposits are shown in more detail in a zone several miles wide around the base of the volcano than elsewhere. This is partly because the zone is largely near or above timberline, relatively accessible, and the surficial deposits there can be readily recognized, differentiated, and mapped. In contrast, access is more difficult in the heavily timbered parts of the park, and surficial deposits there are generally blanketed by a dense virgin forest and are rarely exposed. Geologic investigations in such areas of the park were of a reconnaissance nature.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b1288","usgsCitation":"Crandell, D.R., 1969, Surficial Geology of Mount Rainier National Park, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1288, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1288.","productDescription":"41 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":109692,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_21385.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"21385"},{"id":163981,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1288/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":12496,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/geology/publications/bul/1288/index.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":61998,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1288/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122,46.666666666666664 ], [ -122,47 ], [ -121.41666666666667,47 ], [ -121.41666666666667,46.666666666666664 ], [ -122,46.666666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db68957c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crandell, Dwight Raymond","contributorId":6440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crandell","given":"Dwight","email":"","middleInitial":"Raymond","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":212436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1223,"text":"wsp1879D - 1969 - Water resources of the Salmon Falls Creek basin, Idaho-Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-26T15:56:40","indexId":"wsp1879D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1879","chapter":"D","title":"Water resources of the Salmon Falls Creek basin, Idaho-Nevada","docAbstract":"The northern part of the Salmon Falls Creek basin, referred to as the Salmon Falls tract, contains a large acreage of good agricultural land, but the surface-water supply is inadequate to develop the area fully. Attempts to develop ground water for irrigation have been successful only locally. Specific capacities of wells drilled for irrigation and for test purposes ranged from less than 0.5 to 70 gallons per minute per foot of drawdown. The surface-water supply averages 107,000 acre-feet annually, of which about 76,000 acre-feet is diverted for irrigation. \n\nThe Idavada Volcanics, the most widespread and oldest water-bearing formation in the Salmon Falls tract, consists of massive, dense, thick flows and blankets of welded silicic tuff with associated fine- to coarse-grained ash, clay, silt, sand, and gravel. Fault zones and jointed rock yield large amounts of water to wells, but massive nonjointed units yield little water. Sand, tuff, and ash beds yield moderate quantities of water. Clay, sandy clay, sand, and pea gravel occur in topographic lows on the Idavada Volcanics. The finegrained sediments yield little water to wells, but the gravel yields moderate quantities. \n\nVesicular porphyritic irregularly jointed olivine basalt flows, which overlie the Idavada Volcanics, underlie almost all the Salmon Falls tract. Lenticular fine-grained sedimentary beds as much as 15 feet thick separate some of the flows. Joints and contacts between flows yield small to moderate amounts of water to wells. \n\nAlluvial and windblown deposits blanket most of the tract. Where they occur below the water table, the alluvial deposits yield adequate supplies for stock and domestic wells. Perched water in the alluvium along Deep Creek supplies some stock and domestic wells during most years. \n\nGround-water supplies adequate for domestic and stock use can be obtained everywhere in the tract, but extensive exploration has discovered only five local areas where pumping ground water for irrigation is presently economically feasible. About 8,000 acre-feet was withdrawn for all uses in 1960.\n\nNatural discharge of ground water is northward -- toward the Twin Falls South Side Project and the Snake River--and is provisionally estimated to be 115,000 acre-feet annually. \n\nGround water in the Salmon Falls tract has a medium- to high salinity hazard and a low sodium hazard. The salinity does not appear to affect crops presently grown in the tract. \n\nThe southern part of the Salmon Falls Creek basin, referred to as the upper drainage basin, has little agricultural development and is used mostly for grazing livestock. Silicic volcanic rocks and tuffaceous sedimentary rocks of Tertiary age and alluvial deposits yield water to livestock, domestic, and commercial wells.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp1879D","usgsCitation":"Crosthwaite, E., 1969, Water resources of the Salmon Falls Creek basin, Idaho-Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1879, iv, 33 p. :ill. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1879D.","productDescription":"iv, 33 p. :ill. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":137893,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1879d/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26139,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1879d/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho;Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Salmon Falls Creek","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f2e4b07f02db5eee85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crosthwaite, E. G.","contributorId":83098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crosthwaite","given":"E. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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