Water temperature is a basic, but important, measure of the condition of all aquatic environments, including the flowing waters in the streams that drain our landscape and the receiving waters of those streams. Climatic conditions have a strong influence on water temperature, which is therefore naturally variable both in time and across the landscape. Changes to natural water-temperature regimes, however, can result in a myriad of effects on aquatic organisms, water quality, circulation patterns, recreation, industry, and utility operations. For example, most species of fish, insects, and other organisms, as well as aquatic vegetation, are highly dependent on water temperature. Warming waters can result in shifts in floral and faunal species distributions, including invasive species and pathogens previously unable to inhabit the once cooler streams. Many chemical processes are temperature dependent, with reactions occurring faster in warmer conditions, leading to degraded water quality as contaminants are released into waterways at greater rates. Circulation patterns in receiving waters, such as bays and estuaries, can change as a result of warmer inflows from streams, thereby affecting organisms in those receiving waters. Changes in abundance of some aquatic species and (or) degradation of water quality can reduce the recreational value of water bodies as waters are perceived as less desirable for water-related activities or as sportfish become less available for anglers. Finally, increasing water temperatures can affect industry and utilities as the thermal capacity is reduced, making the water less effective for cooling purposes.
Chesapeake Bay is the largest estuary in the United States. Eutrophication, the enrichment of a water body with excess nutrients, has plagued the bay for decades and has led to extensive restoration efforts throughout the bay watershed. The warming of stream water can exacerbate eutrophication through increased release of nutrients from in-stream sediments, so understanding changes in stream-water temperature throughout the bay watershed is critical to resource managers seeking to restore the bay ecosystem.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) uses indicators that “represent the state or trend of certain environmental or societal conditions … to track and better understand the effects of changes in the Earth’s climate” (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2014). Updates to these indicators are published biennially by the EPA. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the EPA, has completed analyses of air- and stream-water-temperature trends in the Chesapeake Bay region to be included as an indicator in a future release of the EPA report.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151207","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Jastram, J.D., and Rice, K.C., 2015, Air- and stream-water-temperature trends in the Chesapeake Bay region, 1960–2014: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015‒1207, 28 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151207.","productDescription":"v, 28 p.","numberOfPages":"35","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1960-01-01","temporalEnd":"2014-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-068888","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312170,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1207/ofr20151207.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 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U.S. Geological Suvey
1730 East Parham Road
Richmond, VA 23228
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This report describes an R package called smwrBase, which consists of a collection of functions to import, transform, manipulate, and manage hydrologic data within the R statistical environment. Functions in the package allow users to import surface-water and groundwater data from the U.S. Geological Survey’s National Water Information System database and other sources. Additional functions are provided to transform, manipulate, and manage hydrologic data in ways necessary for analyzing the data.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151202","usgsCitation":"Lorenz, D.L., 2015, smwrBase—An R package for managing hydrologic data, version 1.1.1: U.S. Geological\nSurvey Open-File Report 2015–1202, 7 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151202.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 5 p.; Appendixes: 1-3","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-052705","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311723,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1202/ofr20151202.pdf","text":"Report","size":"241 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1202"},{"id":311724,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ofr/2015/1202/downloads/","text":"Appendix","description":"OFR 2015-1202 Appendix","linkHelpText":"Director, Minnesota Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2280 Woodale Drive
Mounds View, Minnesota 55112
http://mn.water.usgs.gov/
Hydrodynamic-assessment data for the Kalamazoo River were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) during 2012–14 to augment other hydrodynamic data-collection efforts by Enbridge Energy L.P. and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency associated with the 2010 Enbridge Line 6B oil spill. Specifically, the USGS data-collection efforts were focused on additional background data needed for 2013–14 updates to Enbridge’s 2012 hydrodynamic and sediment-transport models for simulating resuspension and deposition of submerged oil. The main data-collection activities consisted of the following along the Kalamazoo River: (1) a survey done by use of a Real-Time Network Global Navigation Satellite System, (2) water-level measurements in impounded sections, (3) velocity, discharge, and bathymetry measurements at transects and stationary points along the oil-affected reach of the river and in Morrow Delta and Lake, (4) estimates of tributary inflows, and (5) suspended-sediment concentrations and particle-size data at USGS streamgages along the Kalamazoo River. The method used to estimate bed shear stress from stationary velocity data is described. Averaged transect-based velocity data that were processed to match model grids also are included. In addition to model inputs and checks, these hydrodynamic-related data were used in submerged oil containment and recovery operations focused in impoundments and designated sediment traps. This report contains a description of the scope and methods associated with the hydrodynamic data collection and supplementary files of the USGS data that were used in modeling activities.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151205","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Reneau, P.C., Soong, D.T., Hoard, C.J., and Fitzpatrick, F.A., 2015, Hydrodynamic-assessment data associated with the July 2010 Line 6B spill into the Kalamazoo River, Michigan, 2012–14: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1205, 26 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151205.","productDescription":"Report: v, 26 p.; 4 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-059841","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311838,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1205/ofr20151205.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.39 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1205"},{"id":311837,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1205/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":311868,"rank":7,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1205/downloads","text":"Report Appendixes - Downloads","size":"772 MB","description":"OFR 2015-1205"},{"id":311843,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1205/downloads/ofr20151205_appendixc.xlsx","text":"Appendix C - Tributary Inflows Estimates","size":"1.51 MB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"OFR 2015-1205"},{"id":311842,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1205/downloads/ofr20151205_appendixb/ofr20151205_appendixb.zip","text":"Appendix B - Velocity, Discharge and Bathymetry Data","size":"225 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"OFR 2015-1205","linkHelpText":"Downloads include raw and processedDirector, Wisconsin Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
8505 Research Way
Middleton, Wisconsin 53562
http://wi.water.usgs.gov/
A Vegetation Volume (VV) variable and Vegetation Volume Index (VVI) have been developed for the Coastwide Reference Monitoring System (CRMS). The VV is a measure of the amount of three-dimensional vegetative structure present at each CRMS site and is based on vegetation data collected annually. The VV uses 10 stations per CRMS site to quantify four vegetation layers: carpet, herbaceous, shrub, and tree. For each layer an overall live vegetation percent cover and height are collected to create a layer volume; the individual layer volumes are then summed to generate a site vegetation volume profile. The VV uses the two-dimensional area of live vegetative cover (in square meters) multiplied by the height (in meters) of each layer to produce a volume (in cubic meters) for each layer present in a 2-meter by 2-meter station. These layers are additive, yielding a total volume for each of the 10 herbaceous vegetation stations and an overall CRMS marsh site average.
\nThe VV is an assessment of the quantity of vegetation present and is directly related to plant community structure. The VV differs from the previously developed Floristic Quality Index (FQI) in that the VV makes no assumptions about vegetation quality, giving each species equal weight; the FQI scores species with consistent site fidelity more favorably. We adapted the VV data into the VVI, which creates a representative score for all coastal marsh types. A VV and VVI will be generated annually for CRMS site, project, and basin-level analysis. The index is designed to assess areas undergoing habitat conversion, creation, and disturbance and to document project effectiveness when goals are to create, increase, or maintain emergent vegetation.
\nThe VV and VVI will be used to establish trends, to make comparisons, and to evaluate restoration projects. Assessments that rely on the VVI will be included in appropriate Coastal Wetlands Planning, Protection and Restoration Act (CWPPRA) project reports and analyses. Implementation of the VVI will give coastal managers a new tool to design, implement, and monitor coastal restoration projects. A yearly trajectory of site, project, basin, and coastwide VVI will be posted on the CRMS Web site as data are collected. The primary purpose of the tool is to assess CWPPRA restoration project effectiveness, but it will also be useful in identifying areas in need of restoration and in coastwide vegetation assessments.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151206","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Coastal Wetlands Planning, Protection and Restoration Act Task Force","usgsCitation":"Wood, W.B., Visser, J.M., Piazza, S.C., Sharp, L.A., Hundy, L.C., and McGinnis, T.E., 2015, Coastwide Reference Monitoring System (CRMS) Vegetation Volume Index—An assessment tool for marsh habitat focused on the three-dimensional structure at CRMS vegetation monitoring stations: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1206, 14 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151206.","productDescription":"iv, 14 p.","numberOfPages":"21","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065105","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311813,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1206/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":311814,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1206/ofr20151206.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.22 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1206"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.944091796875,\n 28.92163128242129\n ],\n [\n -93.944091796875,\n 30.609549797190844\n ],\n [\n -88.96728515624999,\n 30.609549797190844\n ],\n [\n -88.96728515624999,\n 28.92163128242129\n ],\n [\n -93.944091796875,\n 28.92163128242129\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
700 Cajundome Blvd
Lafayette, LA 70506
http://www.nwrc.usgs.gov/
In 2007, the California Ocean Protection Council initiated the California Seafloor Mapping Program (CSMP), designed to create a comprehensive seafloor map of high-resolution bathymetry, marine benthic habitats, and geology within the 3-nautical-mile limit of California’s State Waters. The CSMP approach is to create highly detailed seafloor maps through collection, integration, interpretation, and visualization of swath sonar data, acoustic backscatter, seafloor video, seafloor photography, high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles, and bottom-sediment sampling data. The map products display seafloor morphology and character, identify potential marine benthic habitats, and illustrate both the surficial seafloor geology and shallow subsurface geology.
\nThe Offshore of Fort Ross map area is located in northern California, on the Pacific coast of Sonoma County, about 90 km north of San Francisco and 60 km south of Point Arena. The onshore part of the map area is largely undeveloped, used primarily for grazing and recreation; the small town of Jenner (population, 136), located at the mouth of the Russian River, is the largest cultural center. The coast and shoreline are rugged and scenic, characterized by rocky promontories, kelp-rich coves, and nearshore rocks and sea stacks. U.S. Highway 1 extends along the coast through the map area, crossing the Russian River and passing through Sonoma Coast State Park and Fort Ross State Historic Park.
\nThe Offshore of Fort Ross map area is cut by the northwest-striking San Andreas Fault, the right-lateral transform boundary between the North American and Pacific plates. The fault intersects the shoreline a few kilometers south of Fort Ross at Timber Gulch, and it juxtaposes Jurassic, Cretaceous, Paleocene, and Eocene rocks of the Franciscan Complex to the northeast and Tertiary sedimentary rocks to the southwest. In this area, the San Andreas Fault has an estimated slip rate of 17 to 24 mm/yr. The devastating great 1906 California earthquake (M7.8) is thought to have nucleated on the San Andreas Fault offshore of San Francisco, about 90 km to the south, with the rupture extending northward through the Offshore of Fort Ross map area to the south flank of Cape Mendocino. Approximately 3.6 m of lateral offset occurred at Timber Gulch during this event.
\nThe San Andreas Fault has an important influence on coastal geomorphology. The coastline in the northern part of the map area, southwest of the onshore San Andreas Fault, is characterized by steep shoreline bluffs and as many as four uplifted, relatively flat marine terraces that range in elevation from about 15 to 100 m. Northeast of the San Andreas Fault, about 12 km of coastline is marked by steep, landslide-prone cliffs that commonly are 200 to 300 m high.
\nThe mouth of the Russian River and its estuary cut through the steep coastal topography in the southern part of the Offshore of Fort Ross map area. The Russian River drains a large watershed (3,470 km2), and it has an annual discharge of about 2 km3 (1,600,000 acre-feet) and an annual sediment load of about 900,000 metric tons. The map area is part of the Russian River littoral cell, in which the predominant longshore drift is to the south. Small pocket beaches are most common along the shoreline, but longer linear beaches are present near the mouth of the Russian River.
\nThe seafloor in the north half of the map area is characterized by rocky outcrops of Tertiary sedimentary rocks. The rugged nearshore zone and the inner shelf area (to water depths of about 50 m) typically slopes gently seaward, whereas the smooth midshelf area within California’s State Waters (about 50 to 85 m deep) is relatively flat. In contrast, the nearshore to midshelf area in the south half of the map area, which lies directly offshore of the mouth of the Russian River, has a more uniform, relatively flat slope. Shallow-marine and shelf sediments were deposited in the last about 21,000 years during the sea-level rise that followed the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Sea level was about 125 m lower than present during the LGM, at which time the entire Offshore of Fort Ross map area was emergent and the shoreline was about 20 km west of its present location.
\nCirculation over the continental shelf in the map area (and in the broader northern California region) is dominated by the southward-flowing California Current, the eastern limb of the North Pacific Gyre. Associated upwelling brings cool, nutrient-rich waters to the surface, resulting in high biological productivity. The current flow generally is southeastward during the spring and summer; however, during the fall and winter, the otherwise persistent northwest winds are sometimes weak or absent, causing the California Current to move farther offshore and the Davidson Current, a weaker, northward-flowing countercurrent, to become active.
\nThroughout the year, this part of the northern California coast is exposed to four wave climate regimes: the north Pacific swell, the southern swell, northwest wind waves, and local wind waves. The north Pacific swell dominates in winter months (typically November through March). During summer months, the largest waves come from the southern swell, generated by storms in the south Pacific and offshore of Central America. Northwest wind waves affect the coast throughout the year, whereas local wind waves are most common from October to April.
\nPotential marine benthic habitat types in the Offshore of Fort Ross map area include unconsolidated continental-shelf sediments, mixed continental-shelf substrate, and hard continental-shelf substrate. Rocky shelf outcrops and rubble are considered the primary habitat type for rockfish and lingcod, both of which are recreationally and commercially important species.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151211","usgsCitation":"Johnson, S.Y., Dartnell, P., Golden, N.E., Hartwell, S.R., Erdey, M.D., Greene, H.G., Cochrane, G.R., Kvitek, R.G., Manson, M.W., Endris, C.A., Dieter, B.E., Watt, J.T., Krigsman, L.M., Sliter, R.W., Lowe, E.N., and Chin, J.L. (S.Y. Johnson and S.A. Cochran, eds.), 2015, California State Waters Map Series — Offshore of Fort Ross, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1211, pamphlet 37 p., 10 sheets, scale 1:24,000, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151211.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: iv, 37 p.; 10 Sheets: 47.0 x 36.0 inches or smaller; Data Catalog; Metadata","numberOfPages":"41","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-056321","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":399011,"rank":21,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_103728.htm"},{"id":311811,"rank":11,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1211/ofr20151211_sheet9.pdf","text":"Sheet 9","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1211 Sheet 9 PDF","linkHelpText":"Local (Offshore of Fort Ross Map Area) and Regional (Offshore from Salt Point to Drakes Bay) Shallow-Subsurface Geology and Structure, California By Samuel Y. Johnson, Stephen R. Hartwell, Janet T. Watt, and Ray W. Sliter"},{"id":311810,"rank":10,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1211/ofr20151211_sheet8.pdf","text":"Sheet 8","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1211 Sheet 8 PDF","linkHelpText":"Seismic-Reflection Profiles, Offshore of Fort Ross Map Area, California by Samuel Y. Johnson, Ray W. Sliter, Stephen R. Hartwell, and John L. Chin"},{"id":311809,"rank":9,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1211/ofr20151211_sheet7.pdf","text":"Sheet 7","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1211 Sheet 7 PDF","linkHelpText":"Potential Marine Benthic Habitats, Offshore of Fort Ross Map Area, California By Bryan E. Dieter, H. Gary Greene, Charles A. Endris, Mercedes D. Erdey, and Erik N. Lowe"},{"id":311819,"rank":17,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1088/","text":"Open-File Report 2015–1088","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series—Offshore of Tomales Point, California, by Samuel Y. Johnson and others."},{"id":311818,"rank":16,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1041/","text":"Open-File Report 2015–1041","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series—Drakes Bay and Vicinity, California, by Janet T. Watt and others."},{"id":311817,"rank":15,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/","text":"Data Series 781","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series Data Catalog"},{"id":311816,"rank":14,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1211/ofr20151211_metadata.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":311815,"rank":13,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/OffshoreFortRoss/data_catalog_OffshoreFortRoss.html","text":"Data Catalog","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"linkHelpText":"The GIS data layers for this map are accessible from “Data Catalog—Offshore Fort Ross, California,” which is part of California State Waters Map Series Data Catalog. Each GIS data file is listed with a brief description, a small image, and links to the metadata files and the downloadable data files."},{"id":311812,"rank":12,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1211/ofr20151211_sheet10.pdf","text":"Sheet 10","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1211 Sheet 10 PDF","linkHelpText":"Offshore and Onshore Geology and Geomorphology, Offshore of Fort Ross Map Area, California By Samuel Y. Johnson, Stephen R. Hartwell, and Michael W. Manson"},{"id":311808,"rank":8,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1211/ofr20151211_sheet6.pdf","text":"Sheet 6","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1211 Sheet 6 PDF","linkHelpText":"Ground-Truth Studies, Offshore of Fort Ross Map Area, California By Nadine E. Golden, Guy R. Cochrane, and Lisa M. Krigsman"},{"id":311807,"rank":7,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1211/ofr20151211_sheet5.pdf","text":"Sheet 5","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1211 Sheet 5 PDF","linkHelpText":"Seafloor Character, Offshore of Fort Ross Map Area, California By Mercedes D. Erdey and Guy R. Cochrane"},{"id":311803,"rank":3,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1211/ofr20151211_sheet1.pdf","text":"Sheet 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1211 Sheet 1 PDF","linkHelpText":"Colored Shaded-Relief Bathymetry, Offshore of Fort Ross Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell and Rikk G. Kvitek"},{"id":311801,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1211/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":311802,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1211/ofr20151211_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1211 Pamphlet PDF"},{"id":311806,"rank":6,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1211/ofr20151211_sheet4.pdf","text":"Sheet 4","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1211 Sheet 4 PDF","linkHelpText":"Data Integration and Visualization, Offshore of Fort Ross Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell"},{"id":311805,"rank":5,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1211/ofr20151211_sheet3.pdf","text":"Sheet 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1211 Sheet 3 PDF","linkHelpText":"Acoustic Backscatter, Offshore of Fort Ross Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell, Mercedes D. Erdey, and Rikk G. Kvitek"},{"id":311804,"rank":4,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1211/ofr20151211_sheet2.pdf","text":"Sheet 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1211 Sheet 2 PDF","linkHelpText":"Shaded-Relief Bathymetry, Offshore of Fort Ross Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell and Rikk G. Kvitek"},{"id":311820,"rank":18,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20151140","text":"Open-File Report 2015–1140","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series—Offshore of Bodega Head, California, by Samuel Y. Johnson and others."},{"id":311821,"rank":19,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1098/","text":"Open-File Report 2015–1098","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series—Offshore of Salt Point, California, by Samuel Y. Johnson and others."},{"id":311822,"rank":20,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1114/","text":"Open-File Report 2015–1114","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series—Offshore of Point Reyes and Vicinity, California, by Janet T. Watt and others."}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Fort Ross","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.3056,\n 38.3967\n ],\n [\n -123.3056,\n 38.5558\n ],\n [\n -123.1028,\n 38.5558\n ],\n [\n -123.1028,\n 38.3967\n ],\n [\n -123.3056,\n 38.3967\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Contact Information
Pacific Coastal & Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Pacific Science Center
2885 Mission St.
Santa Cruz, CA 95060
http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) has begun to issue incidental take permits (ITPs) to wind power companies to allow limited take of bird and bat species that are protected under the Endangered Species Act, the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act, or the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (Huso and others, 2015). Expected take rates are determined using scientifically based collision-risk models and knowledge about the ecology of the population of interest. ITPs often include mitigation requirements to compensate for estimated take and further describe (1) adaptive management actions (AMAs) that may be required to reduce take rates if permitted rate is exceeded, or (2) additional compensatory mitigation to offset take that exceeds permitted levels.
\nConfirming the accuracy of predicted take and providing evidence that permitted take levels have not been exceeded can be challenging because carcasses may be detected with probability much less than 1, and often no carcasses are observed. When detection probability is high, finding 0 carcasses can be interpreted as evidence that none (or few) were actually killed. As the probability of observing an individual decreases, the likelihood of missing carcasses increases, making it unclear how to interpret having observed 0 (or few) carcasses. In a practical sense, the consequences of incorrect inference can be significant: overestimating take could result in costly and unjustified mitigation, whereas underestimating could result in unanticipated declines in species populations already at risk.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151227","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Dalthorp, Daniel, and Huso, Manuela, 2015, A framework for decision points to trigger adaptive management actions in long-term incidental take permits: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1227, 88 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151227.","productDescription":"vi, 88 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-068559","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311799,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1227/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":311800,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1227/ofr20151227.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1227"}],"contact":"Director, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
777 NW 9th St., Suite 400
Corvallis, Oregon 97330
http://fresc.usgs.gov/
In 2011, the senior authors were contacted by Ron Gardiner of Questa, and Village of Questa Mayor Esther Garcia, to discuss the existing and future groundwater supply for the Village of Questa. This meeting led to the development of a plan in 2013 to perform an integrated geologic, geophysical, and hydrogeologic investigation of the Questa area by the New Mexico Bureau of Geology & Mineral Resources (NMBG), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and New Mexico Tech (NMT).
The NMBG was responsible for the geologic map and geologic cross sections. The USGS was responsible for a detailed geophysical model to be incorporated into the NMBG products. NMT was responsible for providing a graduate student to develop a geochemical and groundwater flow model. This report represents the final products of the geologic and geophysical investigations conducted by the NMBG and USGS. The USGS final products have been incorporated directly into the geologic cross sections.
The objective of the study was to characterize and interpret the shallow (to a depth of approximately 5,000 ft) three-dimensional geology and preliminary hydrogeology of the Questa area. The focus of this report is to compile existing geologic and geophysical data, integrate new geophysical data, and interpret these data to construct three, detailed geologic cross sections across the Questa area. These cross sections can be used by the Village of Questa to make decisions about municipal water-well development, and can be used in the future to help in the development of a conceptual model of groundwater flow for the Questa area. Attached to this report are a location map, a preliminary geologic map and unit descriptions, tables of water wells and springs used in the study, and three detailed hydrogeologic cross sections shown at two different vertical scales. The locations of the cross sections are shown on the index map of the cross section sheet.
","language":"English","publisher":"New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources","usgsCitation":"Bauer, P.W., Grauch, V.J., Johnson, P.S., Thompson, R.A., Drenth, B.J., and Kelson, K., 2015, Geologic cross sections and preliminary geologic map of the Questa Area, Taos County, New Mexico: Open-File Report 578, 16 p.","productDescription":"16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-069393","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340204,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ff0ea0e4b006455f2d61d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bauer, Paul W.","contributorId":145562,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bauer","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":16150,"text":"New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":588672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grauch, V. J. S. 0000-0002-0761-3489 tien@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0761-3489","contributorId":886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grauch","given":"V.","email":"tien@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J. S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Peggy S.","contributorId":85689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Peggy","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thompson, Ren A. 0000-0002-3044-3043 rathomps@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3044-3043","contributorId":1265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Ren","email":"rathomps@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Drenth, Benjamin J. 0000-0002-3954-8124 bdrenth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3954-8124","contributorId":1315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drenth","given":"Benjamin","email":"bdrenth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kelson, Keith I.","contributorId":75851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelson","given":"Keith I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70158677,"text":"ofr20151194 - 2015 - Research on the effects of wildland fire and fire management on federally listed species and their habitats on San Clemente Island, Southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-26T15:36:12","indexId":"ofr20151194","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-25T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1194","title":"Research on the effects of wildland fire and fire management on federally listed species and their habitats on San Clemente Island, Southern California","docAbstract":"This report is temporarily unavailable.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151194","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J.E., and Brennan, T.J., 2015, Research on the effects of wildland fire and fire management on federally listed species and their habitats on San Clemente Island, southern California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1194, 34 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151194.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 34 p.; Appendixes: I-IV","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-067233","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311714,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1194/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Clemente Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.67706298828125,\n 33.119150226768866\n ],\n [\n -118.5040283203125,\n 33.10534697199519\n ],\n [\n -118.4271240234375,\n 33.03399561940715\n ],\n [\n -118.36944580078124,\n 32.92801287395171\n ],\n [\n -118.30627441406249,\n 32.81728666309672\n ],\n [\n -118.27606201171874,\n 32.75263255213169\n ],\n [\n -118.41339111328125,\n 32.704111144407406\n ],\n [\n -118.5205078125,\n 32.7295304134847\n ],\n [\n -118.66058349609375,\n 32.85421076375023\n ],\n [\n -118.74298095703124,\n 32.99023555965106\n ],\n [\n -118.76220703125001,\n 33.07773395720986\n ],\n [\n -118.67706298828125,\n 33.119150226768866\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publicComments":"This report is temporarily unavailable.","contact":"Director, Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819
http://www.werc.usgs.gov/
Most mortality of endangered Lost River (Deltistes luxatus) and shortnose (Chasmistes brevirostris) suckers in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, appears to occur within the first year of life. However, juvenile suckers in Clear Lake Reservoir, California, appear to survive longer and may even recruit to the spawning populations. Our goal in this study was to develop productive lines of inquiry into the causes of mortality of juvenile suckers, especially in Upper Klamath Lake, through comparison of sucker health and environmental conditions in both lakes. The health of juvenile suckers was associated with physical, biological, and chemical characteristics in each lake from July to September 2013 and 2014.
\nWater-quality dynamics differed substantially between lakes. Diel fluctuations were greater for dissolved-oxygen concentrations and pH in Upper Klamath Lake than in Clear Lake Reservoir, but diel temperature fluctuations were greater in Clear Lake Reservoir. Minimum dissolved-oxygen concentrations were as low as 1.0 milligram per liter (mg/L) in Upper Klamath Lake, but were no lower than 5.7 mg/L in Clear Lake Reservoir. Unionized ammonia (NH3) concentrations were near or less than the minimum reporting limit of 0.002 mg/L NH3 in Clear Lake Reservoir and generally were less than the concentration known to cause cellular changes to the gills or mortality of suckers in Upper Klamath Lake. Concentrations of microcystins were less than the detection limit (≤0.10 microgram per liter [μg/L]) in both dissolved (<63 micrometers [μm]) and particulate (≥63 μm) fractions of water samples collected from Clear Lake Reservoir in both years. In Upper Klamath Lake, concentrations of microcystins were relatively low in the 2013 particulate fractions and dissolved fractions of samples in both years, but as high as 44.30 μg/L, more than 44 times the World Health Organization recommended levels for drinking water (1 μg/L), in the 2014 particulate fraction. However, there was little histological evidence and no chemical evidence that these concentrations in water were harmful to suckers that we captured.
\nThe species and age compositions of juvenile sucker populations differed between lakes. A total of 98 percent of all juvenile suckers captured in Upper Klamath Lake were age-0. In contrast, as many as six age classes of suckers were represented in Clear Lake Reservoir, indicating much better juvenile survival than in Upper Klamath Lake. Based on genetic species identification, 98 percent of juvenile suckers collected from Clear Lake Reservoir were shortnose or Klamath largescale suckers (Catostomus snyderi). In contrast, there was a high degree of apparent genetic hybridization in juvenile suckers collected from Upper Klamath Lake, and both Lost River and non-Lost River juvenile suckers were nearly equally represented in samples.
\nNeither gross nor histological examination revealed a high prevalence of abnormalities in suckers that might indicate a mechanism for juvenile mortality in Upper Klamath Lake. Therefore, high mortality primarily may have occurred outside our study period (for example, in spring or over winter), or was owing to a factor that could not be detected with our methods (for example, predation). Alternatively, abnormalities in a small percentage of passively captured suckers in Upper Klamath Lake may indicate health-related issues that were more prevalent in populations than in our samples. Some apparent symptoms of stress or exposure to irritants, such as peribiliary cuffing in hepatocytes and mild inflammation and necrosis in gill tissues, were present in suckers from both lakes and do not appear to be clues to the cause of differential mortality between lakes. Seasonal trends in energy storage as glycogen and triglycerides were similar between lakes, indicating prey availability was not a factor in differential mortality.
\nDifferences in sucker health and condition between lakes were considered the most promising clues to the causes of differential juvenile sucker morality between lakes. A low prevalence of petechial hemorrhaging of the skin (16 percent) and deformed opercula (8 percent) in Upper Klamath Lake suckers may indicate exposure to a toxin other than microcystin. Suckers grew slower in their first year of life, but had similar or greater triglyceride and glycogen levels in Upper Klamath Lake compared to Clear Lake Reservoir. These findings do not suggest a lack of prey quantity but may indicate lower prey quality in Upper Klamath Lake.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151217","usgsCitation":"Burdick, S.M., Elliott, D.G., Ostberg, C.O., Conway, C.M., Dolan-Caret, A., Hoy, M.S., Feltz, K.P., and Echols, K.R., 2015, Health and condition of endangered juvenile Lost River and shortnose suckers relative to water quality and fish assemblages in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, and Clear Lake Reservoir, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1217, 56 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151217.","productDescription":"vi, 56 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-068722","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311688,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1217/ofr20151217.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1217 PDF"},{"id":311687,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1217/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Upper Klamath Lake, Clear Lake Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.09130859375,\n 41.823525308461456\n ],\n [\n -121.03500366210936,\n 41.832735062152615\n ],\n [\n -121.03912353515626,\n 41.87774145109676\n ],\n [\n -121.07070922851564,\n 41.928846628183166\n ],\n [\n -121.1077880859375,\n 41.94110578381598\n ],\n [\n -121.16683959960938,\n 41.939062754848564\n ],\n [\n -121.22451782226561,\n 41.920672548686824\n ],\n [\n -121.27532958984375,\n 41.88592102814744\n ],\n [\n -121.23687744140624,\n 41.83171182161546\n ],\n [\n -121.1517333984375,\n 41.748775021355044\n ],\n [\n -121.11602783203124,\n 41.78257704086764\n ],\n [\n -121.08993530273438,\n 41.81943165932007\n ],\n [\n -121.09130859375,\n 41.823525308461456\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.06634521484374,\n 42.54195129663955\n ],\n [\n -121.9976806640625,\n 42.50956476517422\n ],\n [\n -121.95098876953125,\n 42.4893146571508\n ],\n [\n -121.88232421875,\n 42.48323834594139\n ],\n [\n -121.83563232421875,\n 42.44980808481614\n ],\n [\n -121.71890258789062,\n 42.291532494305976\n ],\n [\n -121.70379638671874,\n 42.216313604344776\n ],\n [\n -121.70928955078126,\n 42.14100501649703\n ],\n [\n -121.82327270507812,\n 42.1104489601222\n ],\n [\n -121.95236206054688,\n 42.132858175814626\n ],\n [\n -122.06634521484374,\n 42.180705855725115\n ],\n [\n -121.9757080078125,\n 42.274260416436476\n ],\n [\n -122.0306396484375,\n 42.35854391749705\n ],\n [\n -122.1075439453125,\n 42.40824865050679\n ],\n [\n -122.17071533203125,\n 42.465005871175755\n ],\n [\n -122.17208862304686,\n 42.51766297209017\n ],\n [\n -122.11578369140626,\n 42.556115124326766\n ],\n [\n -122.06634521484374,\n 42.54195129663955\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Western Fisheries Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6505 NE 65th Street
Seattle, Washington 98115
http://wfrc.usgs.gov/
An estimated one-dimensional layered model of electrical resistivity beneath Florida was developed from published geological and geophysical information. The resistivity of each layer is represented by plausible upper and lower bounds as well as a geometric mean resistivity. Corresponding impedance transfer functions, Schmucker-Weidelt transfer functions, apparent resistivity, and phase responses are calculated for inducing geomagnetic frequencies ranging from 10−5 to 100 hertz. The resulting one-dimensional model and response functions can be used to make general estimates of time-varying electric fields associated with geomagnetic storms such as might represent induction hazards for electric-power grid operation. The plausible upper- and lower-bound resistivity structures show the uncertainty, giving a wide range of plausible time-varying electric fields.
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\"}}]}","contact":"Director, Geologic Hazards Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS–966
Denver, CO 80225-0046
http://geohazards.cr.usgs.gov/
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has operated a water-quality monitoring network in San Francisco Bay since the late 1980s (Buchanan and others, 2015). This network includes 19 stations in the bay; currently, 8 stations are in operation (fig. 1). All eight stations are equipped with specific conductance (which can be related to salinity) and water-temperature sensors that record measurements at 15-minute intervals. Water quality in the bay constantly changes with the ocean tides and with seasonal and interannual differences in river inflows. Our network was designed to observe and characterize some of these changes in the bay across space and over time. Our data demonstrated a high degree of variability both in specific conductance and temperature at time scales from tidal to annual and also revealed longer term changes that are likely to influence overall environmental health in the bay (San Francisco Estuary Institute, 2014). Figure 1. Locations of fixed water-quality monitoring stations in San Francisco Bay, California, for the 2014 water year (October 1, 2013 to September 30, 2014).
\nIn water year (WY) 2014 (October 1, 2013, through September 30, 2014), our network measured record-high values of specific conductance and water temperature at several stations during a period of very little freshwater inflow from the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta and other tributaries because of severe drought conditions in California. This report summarizes our observations for WY2014 and compares them to previous years that had different levels of freshwater inflow.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151213","usgsCitation":"Downing-Kunz, M.A., Work, P.A., and Shellenbarger, G.G., 2015, Record-high specific\nconductance and temperature in San Francisco Bay during water year 2014 (ver. 1.1,\nDecember 28, 2015): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1213, 4 p.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066727","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311511,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1213/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":313213,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1213/ofr20151213.txt","size":"2 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"OFR 2015-1213 Version History"},{"id":311512,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1213/ofr20151213.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1213"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta, San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.70379638671874,\n 37.933366792504366\n ],\n [\n -121.66534423828125,\n 38.04592811939912\n ],\n [\n -121.75048828124999,\n 38.11943249695316\n ],\n [\n -121.90979003906249,\n 38.151837403006766\n ],\n [\n -122.07183837890625,\n 38.18638677411551\n ],\n [\n -122.178955078125,\n 38.20797181420939\n ],\n [\n -122.26684570312499,\n 38.26621945628273\n ],\n [\n -122.39593505859376,\n 38.26621945628273\n ],\n [\n -122.55249023437501,\n 38.16047628099622\n ],\n [\n -122.61291503906249,\n 37.996162679728116\n ],\n [\n -122.5689697265625,\n 37.861844098370945\n ],\n [\n -122.53326416015624,\n 37.77505678240509\n ],\n [\n -122.45635986328124,\n 37.63815995799935\n ],\n [\n -122.39593505859376,\n 37.51626173528878\n ],\n [\n -122.24761962890625,\n 37.413800350662875\n ],\n [\n -122.06359863281249,\n 37.35487607348372\n ],\n [\n -121.85211181640625,\n 37.38107035775657\n ],\n [\n -121.86035156249999,\n 37.5249753680482\n ],\n [\n -122.03613281249999,\n 37.655557695625056\n ],\n [\n -122.15698242187499,\n 37.81846319511331\n ],\n [\n -122.25585937500001,\n 37.92903406232562\n ],\n [\n -122.25036621093749,\n 37.983174833513395\n ],\n [\n -122.18170166015625,\n 38.00049145082287\n ],\n [\n -121.981201171875,\n 37.996162679728116\n ],\n [\n -121.86584472656251,\n 37.96801944035648\n ],\n [\n -121.75048828124999,\n 37.93553306183642\n ],\n [\n -121.70379638671874,\n 37.933366792504366\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, California Water Science Center
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http://ca.water.usgs.gov
The Water Availability Tool for Environmental Resources (WATER) is a decision support system (DSS) for the nontidal part of the Delaware River Basin (DRB) that provides a consistent and objective method of simulating streamflow under historical, forecasted, and managed conditions. WATER integrates geospatial sampling of landscape characteristics, including topographic and soil properties, with a regionally calibrated hillslope-hydrology model, an impervious-surface model, and hydroclimatic models that have been parameterized using three hydrologic response units—forested, agricultural, and developed land cover. It is this integration that enables the regional hydrologic-modeling approach used in WATER without requiring site-specific optimization or those stationary conditions inferred when using a statistical model. The DSS provides a “historical” database, ideal for simulating streamflow for 2001–11, in addition to land-cover forecasts that focus on 2030 and 2060. The WATER Application Utilities are provided with the DSS and apply change factors for precipitation, temperature, and potential evapotranspiration to a 1981–2011 climatic record provided with the DSS. These change factors were derived from a suite of general circulation models (GCMs) and representative concentration pathway (RCP) emission scenarios. These change factors are based on 25-year monthly averages (normals) that are centere on 2030 and 2060. The WATER Application Utilities also can be used to apply a 2010 snapshot of water use for the DRB; a factorial approach enables scenario testing of increased or decreased water use for each simulation. Finally, the WATER Application Utilities can be used to reformat streamflow time series for input to statistical or reservoir management software.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151196","issn":"2331-1258","usgsCitation":"Williamson, T.N., and Lant, J.G., 2015, User manuals for the Delaware River Basin Water Availability Tool for Environmental Resources (DRB–WATER) and associated WATER application utilities: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1196, 32 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151196.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 32 p.; Database","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-066506","costCenters":[{"id":354,"text":"Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311459,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20155143","text":"Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5143","description":"OFR 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U.S. Geological Survey
1770 Corporate Drive, Ste. 500
Norcross, GA 30093
678-524-1544
http://water.usgs.gov/watercensus/
Mineral extraction and associated industries play an important role in the Afghan economy, particularly in the “transitional era” of declining foreign aid and withdrawal of foreign troops post 2014. In addition to providing a substantial source of government revenue, other potential benefits of natural resource development include boosted exports, employment opportunities, and strengthened industrialization (Joya, 2012). Continued exploration and investment in these industries has resulted in large economic improvements since 2007, when this series of studies was initiated. At that time, the “Preliminary Non-Fuel Mineral Resource Assessment of Afghanistan” was completed by members of the U.S. Geological Survey and Afghanistan Geological Survey (Peters and others, 2007). The assessment published a series of country-wide datasets, including a digital elevation model (DEM), elevation contours, hydrography, transportation routes, geophysics, and cultural datasets (Peters and others, 2007). It also delineated 20 mineralized areas for further study using a geologic-based methodology. A second data product, “Summaries of Important Areas for Mineral Investment and Production Opportunities of Nonfuel Minerals in Afghanistan,” was released by Peters and others in 2011. This work highlighted geologic, geohydrologic, and hyperspectral studies that were carried out in specific Areas of Interest (AOIs) to assess the location and characteristics of mineral resources. Also included in the 2011 publication is a collection of appendixes and inventories of Geographic Information System (GIS) datasets for each of the 24 identified AOIs. A third data product was released in 2013 (Casey and Chirico, 2013), publishing datasets for five different AOIs, two subareas, and one AOI extension. Each dataset contains vector shapefiles of the AOI boundary, streams, roads, and contours at 25-, 50-, and 100-meter (m) intervals, as well as raster files of the AOI’s DEM and hillshade.
\nThis work represents the fourth installment of the series, and publishes a dataset of eight new AOIs and one subarea within Afghanistan. These areas include Dasht-e-Nawar, Farah, North Ghazni, South Ghazni, Chakhansur, Godzareh East, Godzareh West, and Namaksar-e-Herat AOIs and the Central Bamyan subarea of the South Bamyan AOI (datasets for South Bamyan were published previously in Casey and Chirico, 2013). For each AOI and subarea, this dataset collection consists of the areal extent boundaries, elevation contours at 25-, 50-, and 100-m intervals, and an enhanced DEM. Hydrographic datasets covering the extent of four AOIs and one subarea are also included in the collection. The resulting raster and vector layers are intended for use by government agencies, developmental organizations, and private companies in Afghanistan to support mineral assessments, monitoring, management, and investment.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151181","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Afghanistan Geological Survey under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Defense Task Force for Business and Stability Operations","usgsCitation":"DeWitt, J.D., Chirico, P.G., and Malpeli, K.C., 2015, Topographic and hydrographic GIS datasets for the Afghanistan Geological Survey and U.S. Geological Survey 2014 mineral areas of interest: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015−1181, 27 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151181.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 23 p.; Metadata","numberOfPages":"27","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-058768","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311065,"rank":3,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1181/metadata","text":"Metadata","size":"429 MB","description":"OFR 2015-1181"},{"id":311064,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1181/ofr20151181.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1181"},{"id":311063,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1181/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"Afghanistan","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[61.21082,35.65007],[62.23065,35.27066],[62.98466,35.40404],[63.19354,35.85717],[63.9829,36.00796],[64.54648,36.31207],[64.74611,37.11182],[65.58895,37.30522],[65.74563,37.66116],[66.21738,37.39379],[66.51861,37.36278],[67.07578,37.35614],[67.83,37.14499],[68.13556,37.02312],[68.85945,37.34434],[69.19627,37.15114],[69.51879,37.609],[70.11658,37.58822],[70.27057,37.73516],[70.3763,38.1384],[70.80682,38.48628],[71.34813,38.25891],[71.2394,37.95327],[71.54192,37.90577],[71.44869,37.06564],[71.84464,36.73817],[72.19304,36.94829],[72.63689,37.04756],[73.26006,37.49526],[73.9487,37.42157],[74.98,37.41999],[75.15803,37.13303],[74.57589,37.02084],[74.06755,36.83618],[72.92002,36.72001],[71.84629,36.50994],[71.26235,36.07439],[71.49877,35.65056],[71.61308,35.1532],[71.11502,34.73313],[71.15677,34.34891],[70.8818,33.98886],[69.93054,34.02012],[70.32359,33.35853],[69.68715,33.1055],[69.26252,32.50194],[69.31776,31.90141],[68.92668,31.62019],[68.55693,31.71331],[67.79269,31.58293],[67.68339,31.30315],[66.93889,31.30491],[66.38146,30.7389],[66.34647,29.88794],[65.04686,29.47218],[64.35042,29.56003],[64.148,29.34082],[63.55026,29.46833],[62.54986,29.31857],[60.87425,29.82924],[61.78122,30.73585],[61.69931,31.37951],[60.94194,31.54807],[60.86365,32.18292],[60.53608,32.98127],[60.9637,33.52883],[60.52843,33.67645],[60.80319,34.4041],[61.21082,35.65007]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Afghanistan\"}}]}","contact":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
926A National Center
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
http://geology.er.usgs.gov/egpsc/
Or
Jessica D. DeWitt
U.S. Geological Survey
926A National Center
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
In 2007, the California Ocean Protection Council initiated the California Seafloor Mapping Program (CSMP), designed to create a comprehensive seafloor map of high-resolution bathymetry, marine benthic habitats, and geology within the 3-nautical-mile limit of California’s State Waters. The CSMP approach is to create highly detailed seafloor maps through collection, integration, interpretation, and visualization of swath sonar data, acoustic backscatter, seafloor video, seafloor photography, high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles, and bottom-sediment sampling data. The map products display seafloor morphology and character, identify potential marine benthic habitats, and illustrate both the surficial seafloor geology and shallow subsurface geology.
\nThe Offshore of Scott Creek map area is located in central California, on the Pacific Coast about 65 km south of San Francisco and 12 km northwest of Santa Cruz. The onshore part of the map area is sparsely populated; the only cultural center is Davenport, a small community with a population of less than 500. The hilly coastal area is virtually undeveloped, and a large percentage of coastal land is incorporated in open-space trusts. Agricultural land is almost entirely limited to coastal areas between the shoreline and the northwest-trending Santa Cruz Mountains, on Pleistocene alluvial fan deposits and the lowest emergent marine terrace. The Santa Cruz Mountains are part of the northwest-trending Coast Ranges that run roughly parallel to the San Andreas Fault Zone.
\nThe map area is cut by the San Gregorio Fault Zone, and it lies a few kilometers southwest of the San Andreas Fault Zone. Regional folding and uplift along the coast has been attributed to a westward bend in the San Andreas Fault Zone and also to right-lateral movement along the San Gregorio Fault Zone. The irregular coastal geomorphology of this area, which consists of low, rocky cliffs and sparse, small pocket beaches backed by low, terraced hills, is partly attributable to this ongoing deformation.
\nThe shelf in the map area is underlain by variable amounts (0 to 25 m) of upper Quaternary shelf, nearshore, and fluvial sediments deposited as sea level fluctuated in the late Pleistocene. The northernmost part of the map area is characterized by the presence of uplifted bedrock that has been linked to a local transpressional zone in the San Gregorio Fault Zone. This uplift, coupled with high wave energy, has resulted in little or no sediment cover in this area where exposures of bedrock are present at water depths of as much as 45 m. The thickest deposits of sediment lie offshore of both Davenport and the mouth of Waddell Creek.
\nCoastal sediment transport in the map area is characterized by north-to-south littoral transport of sediment that is derived mainly from streams in the Santa Cruz Mountains and also from local coastal erosion. Shoreline-change studies indicate long-term erosion; within the region between San Francisco and Davenport, the highest long- and short-term coastal-erosion rates occur north of the map area, just north of Point Año Nuevo. During the last approximately 300 years, as much as 18 million cubic yards (14 million cubic meters) of sand-sized sediment has been eroded from the area between Año Nuevo Island and Point Año Nuevo and transported south. Once widened by this pulse of eroded sediment, beaches in the map area are now narrowing as the tail end of this mass of sand progresses farther south.
\nThe Offshore of Scott Creek map area lies within the cold-temperate biogeographic zone that is called either the “Oregonian province” or the “northern California ecoregion.” This biogeographic province is maintained by the long-term stability of the southward-flowing California Current, the eastern limb of the North Pacific subtropical gyre that flows from southern British Columbia to Baja California. At its midpoint off central California, the California Current transports subarctic surface (0–500 m deep) waters southward, about 150 to 1,300 km from shore. Seasonal northwesterly winds that are, in part, responsible for the California Current, generate coastal upwelling. The south end of the Oregonian province is at Point Conception (about 320 km south of the map area), although its associated phylogeographic group of marine fauna may extend beyond to the area offshore of Los Angeles in southern California. The ocean off of central California has experienced a warming over the last 50 years that is driving an ecosystem shift away from the productive subarctic regime towards a depopulated subtropical environment.
\nSeafloor habitats in the Offshore of Scott Creek map area, which lie within the Shelf (continental shelf) megahabitat, range from significant rocky outcrops that support kelp-forest communities nearshore to rocky-reef communities in deeper water. Biological productivity resulting from coastal upwelling supports populations of Sooty Shearwater, Western Gull, Common Murre, Cassin’s Auklet, and many other less populous bird species. In addition, an observable recovery of Humpback and Blue Whales has occurred in the area; both species are dependent on coastal upwelling to provide nutrients. The large extent of exposed inner shelf bedrock supports large forests of “bull kelp,” which is well adapted for high-wave-energy environments. The kelp beds are the northernmost known habitat for the population of southern sea otters. Common fish species found in the kelp beds and rocky reefs include lingcod and various species of rockfish and greenling.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151191","usgsCitation":"Cochrane, G.R., Dartnell, P., Johnson, S.Y., Greene, H.G., Erdey, M.D., Dieter, B.E., Golden, N.E., Endris, C.A., Hartwell, S.R., Kvitek, R.G., Davenport, C.W., Watt, J.T., Krigsman, L.M., Ritchie, A.C., Sliter, R.W., Finlayson, D.P., and Maier, K.L. (G.R. Cochrane and S.A. Cochran, eds.), 2015, California State Waters Map Series — Offshore of Scott Creek, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1191, pamphlet 40 p., 10 sheets, scale 1:24,000, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151191.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: iv, 40 p.; 10 Sheets: 51 x 36 inches or less; Dataset; Metadata","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-058155","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438667,"rank":20,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7CJ8BJW","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series Data Catalog--Offshore of Scott Creek, California"},{"id":310185,"rank":18,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7CJ8BJW","text":"Data Catalog","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2015-1191 Data Catalog","linkHelpText":"The GIS data layers for this map are accessible from “Data Catalog—Offshore of Scott Creek, California,” which is part of California State Waters Map Series Data Catalog. Each GIS data file is listed with a brief description, a small image, and links to the metadata files and the downloadable data files."},{"id":310184,"rank":17,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1191/ofr20151191_metadata.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2015-1191 Metadata"},{"id":310104,"rank":15,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1191/ofr20151191_sheet10.pdf","text":"Sheet 10","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1191 Sheet 10","linkHelpText":"Offshore and Onshore Geology and Geomorphology, Offshore of Scott Creek Map Area, California By Stephen R. Hartwell, Samuel Y. Johnson, and Clifton W. Davenport"},{"id":310103,"rank":14,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1191/ofr20151191_sheet9.pdf","text":"Sheet 9","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1191 Sheet 9","linkHelpText":"Local (Offshore of Scott Creek Map Area) and Regional (Offshore from Pigeon Point to Southern Monterey Bay) Shallow-Subsurface Geology and Structure, California By Samuel Y. Johnson, Stephen R. Hartwell, Janet T. Watt, Ray W. Sliter, and Katherine L. Maier"},{"id":310102,"rank":13,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1191/ofr20151191_sheet8.pdf","text":"Sheet 8","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1191 Sheet 8","linkHelpText":"Seismic-Reflection Profiles, Offshore of Scott Creek Map Area, California by Samuel Y. Johnson, Stephen R. Hartwell, and Ray W. Sliter"},{"id":310101,"rank":12,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1191/ofr20151191_sheet7.pdf","text":"Sheet 7","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1191 Sheet 7","linkHelpText":"Potential Marine Benthic Habitats, Offshore of Scott Creek Map Area, California By Charles A. Endris, H. Gary Greene, Bryan E. Dieter, and Mercedes D. Erdey"},{"id":310093,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1214/","text":"Open-File Report 2014–1214","description":"Open-File Report 2014–1214","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series—Offshore of Half Moon Bay, California, by Guy R. Cochrane and others"},{"id":399010,"rank":19,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_103676.htm"},{"id":310168,"rank":16,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1191/ofr20151191_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1191 Pamphlet"},{"id":310100,"rank":11,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1191/ofr20151191_sheet6.pdf","text":"Sheet 6","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1191 Sheet 6","linkHelpText":"Ground-Truth Studies, Offshore of Scott Creek Map Area, California By Nadine E. Golden, Guy R. Cochrane, and Lisa M. Krigsman"},{"id":310099,"rank":10,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1191/ofr20151191_sheet5.pdf","text":"Sheet 5","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1191 Sheet 5","linkHelpText":"Seafloor Character, Offshore of Scott Creek Map Area, California By Mercedes D. Erdey and Guy R. Cochrane"},{"id":310098,"rank":9,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1191/ofr20151191_sheet4.pdf","text":"Sheet 4","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR2015-1191 Sheet 4","linkHelpText":"Data Integration and Visualization, Offshore of Scott Creek Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell"},{"id":310097,"rank":8,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1191/ofr20151191_sheet3.pdf","text":"Sheet 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1191 Sheet 3","linkHelpText":"Acoustic Backscatter, Offshore of Scott Creek Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell, Andrew C. Ritchie, David P. Finlayson, and Rikk G. Kvitek"},{"id":310096,"rank":7,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1191/ofr20151191_sheet2.pdf","text":"Sheet 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1191 Sheet 2","linkHelpText":"Shaded-Relief Bathymetry, Offshore of Scott Creek Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell, Andrew C. Ritchie, David P. Finlayson, and Rikk G. Kvitek"},{"id":310095,"rank":6,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1191/ofr20151191_sheet1.pdf","text":"Sheet 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1191 Sheet 1","linkHelpText":"Colored Shaded-Relief Bathymetry, Offshore of Scott Creek Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell, Andrew C. Ritchie, David P. Finlayson, and Rikk G. Kvitek"},{"id":310094,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1260/","text":"Open-File Report 2014–1260","description":"Open-File Report 2014–1260","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series—Offshore of Pacifica, California, by Brian D. Edwards and others."},{"id":310092,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3306/","text":"Scientific Investigations Map 3306","description":"Scientific Investigations Map 3306","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series—Offshore of San Gregorio, California, by Guy R. Cochrane and others."},{"id":310091,"rank":2,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/","text":"Data Series 781","description":"Data Series 781","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series Data Catalog"},{"id":310090,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1191/coverthb.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Scott Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.3867,\n 36.9428\n ],\n [\n -122.1881,\n 36.9428\n ],\n [\n -122.1881,\n 37.1022\n ],\n [\n -122.3867,\n 37.1022\n ],\n [\n -122.3867,\n 36.9428\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Contact Information
Pacific Coastal & Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Pacific Science Center
2885 Mission St.
Santa Cruz, CA 95060
http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/
In the Pacific Northwest, coastal wetlands support a wealth of ecosystem services including habitat provision for wildlife and fisheries and flood protection. The tidal marshes, mudflats, and shallow bays of coastal estuaries link marine, freshwater, and terrestrial habitats, and provide economic and recreational benefits to local communities. Climate change effects such as sea-level rise are altering these habitats, but we know little about how these areas will change over the next 50–100 years. Our study examined the effects of sea-level rise on nine tidal marshes in Washington and Oregon between 2012 and 2015, with the goal of providing scientific data to support future coastal planning and conservation. We compiled physical and biological data, including coastal topography, tidal inundation, vegetation structure, as well as recent and historical sediment accretion rates, to assess and model how sea-level rise may alter these ecosystems in the future. Multiple factors, including initial elevation, marsh productivity, sediment availability, and rates of sea-level rise, affected marsh persistence. Under a low sea-level rise scenario, all marshes remained vegetated with little change in the present configuration of communities of marsh plants or gradually increased proportions of middle-, high-, or transition-elevation zones of marsh vegetation. However, at most sites, mid sea-level rise projections led to loss of habitat of middle and high marshes and a gain of low marshes. Under a high sea-level rise scenario, marshes at most sites eventually converted to intertidal mudflats. Two sites (Grays Harbor and Willapa) seemed to have the most resilience to a high rate of rise in sea-level, persisting as low marsh until at least 2110. Our main model finding is that most tidal marsh study sites are resilient to sea-level rise over the next 50–70 years, but that sea-level rise will eventually outpace marsh accretion and drown most habitats of high and middle marshes by 2110.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151204","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Northwest Climate Science Center","usgsCitation":"Thorne, K.M., Dugger, B.D., Buffington, K.J., Freeman, C.M., Janousek, C.N., Powelson, K.W., Gutenspergen, G.R., and Takekawa, J.Y., 2015, Marshes to mudflats—Effects of sea-level rise on tidal marshes along a latitudinal gradient in the Pacific Northwest: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1204, 54 p. plus appendixes, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151204.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 54 p.; Appendixes: A-I","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2012-01-01","temporalEnd":"2015-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-063198","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311426,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1204/ofr20151204.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8. MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1204 PDF"},{"id":311427,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1204/ofr20151204_appendixesA-I.pdf","text":"Appendixes A-I","size":"6.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1204 Appendix PDF"},{"id":311425,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1204/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.4111328125,\n 32.58384932565662\n ],\n [\n -121.53076171875,\n 38.09998264736481\n ],\n [\n -123.28857421875,\n 42.00032514831621\n ],\n [\n -122.03613281249999,\n 49.009050809382046\n ],\n [\n -124.73876953125,\n 48.3416461723746\n ],\n [\n -124.69482421875,\n 42.74701217318067\n ],\n [\n -124.51904296875,\n 40.26276066437183\n ],\n [\n -122.87109375,\n 36.98500309285596\n ],\n [\n -120.80566406250001,\n 34.252676117101515\n ],\n [\n -118.2568359375,\n 33.55970664841198\n ],\n [\n -117.333984375,\n 32.509761735919426\n ],\n [\n -116.4111328125,\n 32.58384932565662\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819
http://www.werc.usgs.gov/
An evaluation was conducted to estimate dam passage survival of juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) at Detroit Dam during a period of spill. To estimate dam passage survival, we used a paired-release recapture study design and released groups of tagged fish upstream (997 fish) and downstream (625 fish) of Detroit Dam. A total of 43 fish (6.8 percent) passed Detroit Dam from the upstream release group and passage occurred through regulating outlets (54.8 percent), spill bays (31.0 percent), and turbines (14.3 percent). We do not present dam passage survival estimates from 2014 because these estimates would have been highly uncertain due to the low number of fish that passed Detroit Dam during the study. Secondary objectives were addressed using data collected from tagged fish that were released at the downstream release site.
\nJuvenile salmonids have multiple passage options at the Bennett Dam complex, which includes a series of dams and braided channels. A pair of Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) monitoring arrays were installed at Upper Bennett Dam and in the Stayton Canal by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife during 2014. We deployed acoustic telemetry hydrophones near these arrays to detect acoustic-tagged fish from our study and used these detections to quantify proportions of tagged fish passing through the two routes. About one-fourth (0.257) of the tagged fish that were released downstream of Big Cliff Dam were detected on the new PIT tag array while passing the Bennett Dam complex. A total of 402 acoustic-tagged fish were detected at the complex and many (248 fish; 62 percent) eventually entered the Stayton Canal. Median residence time in the canal was 6.5 hours, but 12.7 percent of the fish had extended residence times (7–37 days). Passage also was monitored at the Sullivan Project at Willamette Falls and about 40 percent (0.398) of the tagged fish passing the project were detected on the PIT tag array.
\nA Cormack-Jolly-Seber mark-recapture model was developed to provide reach-specific survival estimates for juvenile Chinook salmon. A portion of the tagged population overwintered in the Willamette River Basin and outmigrated several months after release. As a result, survival estimates from the model would have been negatively biased by factors such as acoustic tag failure and tag loss. Data from laboratory studies were incorporated into the model to provide survival estimates that accounted for these factors. In the North Santiam River between Minto Dam and the Bennett Dam complex, a distance of 37.2 kilometers, survival was estimated to be 0.844 (95-percent confidence interval 0.795–0.893). The survival estimate for the 203.7 kilometer reach between the Bennett Dam complex and Portland, Oregon, was 0.279 (95-percent confidence interval 0.234–0.324), and included portions of the North Santiam, Santiam, and Willamette Rivers. The cumulative survival estimate in the 240.9 kilometer reach from the Minto Dam tailrace to Portland was 0.236 (95-percent confidence interval 0.197–0.275).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151220","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Kock, T.J., Beeman, J.W., Hansen, A.C., Hansel, H.C., Hansen, G.S., Hatton, T.W., Kofoot, E.E., Sholtis, M.D., and Sprando, J.M., 2015, Behavior, passage, and downstream migration of juvenile Chinook salmon from Detroit Reservoir to Portland, Oregon, 2014–15: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1220, 30 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151220.","productDescription":"vi, 30 p.","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2014-08-01","temporalEnd":"2015-06-30","ipdsId":"IP-067565","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311361,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1220/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":311362,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1220/ofr20151220.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1220 PDF"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","city":"Portland","otherGeospatial":"Detroit Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.20068359374999,\n 44.65693173288727\n ],\n [\n -123.20068359374999,\n 45.5679096098613\n ],\n [\n -122.07733154296875,\n 45.5679096098613\n ],\n [\n -122.07733154296875,\n 44.65693173288727\n ],\n [\n -123.20068359374999,\n 44.65693173288727\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Western Fisheries Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6505 NE 65th Street
Seattle, Washington 98115
http://wfrc.usgs.gov/
An inverse relationship has been demonstrated between water temperature and the ratio of strontium to calcium (Sr/Ca) in coral aragonite for a number of Pacific species of the genus Porites. This empirically determined relationship has been used to reconstruct past sea-surface temperature (SST) from modern and Holocene age coral archives. A study was conducted to investigate this relationship for Porites astreoides to determine the potential for using these corals as a paleotemperature archive in the Caribbean and western tropical Atlantic Ocean. Skeletal aragonite from a P. astreoides colony growing offshore of the southeast coast of Florida was subsampled with a mean temporal resolution of 14 samples per year and analyzed for Sr/Ca. The resulting Sr/Ca time series yielded well-defined annual cycles that correspond to annual growth bands in the coral. Sr/Ca was regressed against a monthly SST record from C-MAN buoy station FWYF1 (located at Fowey Rocks, Florida), resulting in the following Sr/Ca-SST relationship: Sr/Ca = –0.040*SST + 10.128 (R = –0.77). A 10-year time series of Sr/Ca-derived SST yields annual cycles with a 10–12 degree Celsius seasonal amplitude, consistent with available local instrumental records. We conclude that Sr/Ca in Porites astreoides from the Caribbean/Atlantic region has high potential for developing subannually resolved modern and recent Holocene SST records.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151182","usgsCitation":"Busch, T.E., Flannery, J.A., Richey, J.N., and Stathakopoulos, Anastasios, 2015, The relationship between the ratio of strontium to calcium and sea-surface temperature in a modern Porites astreoides coral—Implications for using P. astreoides as a paleoclimate archive: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1182, 10 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151182.","productDescription":"iv, 10 p.","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065459","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311286,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1182/ofr20151182.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.58 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1182"},{"id":311285,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1182/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","city":"Miami","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.99621582031249,\n 24.956180020055925\n ],\n [\n -82.99621582031249,\n 27.756468889550746\n ],\n [\n -79.38720703125,\n 27.756468889550746\n ],\n [\n -79.38720703125,\n 24.956180020055925\n ],\n [\n -82.99621582031249,\n 24.956180020055925\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
600 4th Street South
St. Petersburg, FL 33701
http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/
The SonTek-IQ Plus (IQ Plus) is a bottom-mounted Doppler instrument used for the measurement of water depth and velocity. Evaluation testing of the IQ Plus was performed to assess the accuracy of water depth, discharge, and velocity measurements. The IQ Plus met the manufacturer’s specifications and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) standard for depth accuracy measurement when the unit was installed, according to the manufacturer’s instructions, at 0 degrees pitch and roll. However, because of the limited depth testing conducted, the depth measurement is not recommended as a primary stage measurement. The IQ Plus was tested in a large indoor tilting flume in a 5-foot (ft) wide, approximately 2.3-ft deep section with mean velocities of 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 ft per second. Four IQ Plus instruments using firmware 1.52 tested for water-discharge accuracy using SonTek’s “theoretical” discharge method had a negative bias of -2.4 to -11.6 percent when compared with discharge measured with a SonTek FlowTracker and the midsection discharge method. The IQ Pluses with firmware 1.52 did not meet the manufacturer’s specification of +/-1 percent for measuring velocity. Three IQ Pluses using firmware 1.60 and SonTek’s “theoretical” method had a difference of -1.6 to -7.9 percent when compared with discharge measured with a SonTek FlowTracker and the midsection method. Mean-velocity measurements with firmware 1.60 met the manufacturer’s specification and Price Type AA meter accuracy requirements when compared with FlowTracker measurements. Because of the instrument’s velocity accuracy, the SonTek-IQ Plus with firmware 1.60 is considered acceptable for use as an index velocity instrument for the USGS. The discharge computed by the SonTek-IQ Plus during the tests had a substantial negative bias and will not be as accurate as a discharge computed with the index velocity method. The USGS does not recommend the use of undocumented computation methods, such as SonTek’s “theoretical” method for computing discharge.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151139","usgsCitation":"Fulford, J.M., and Kimball, Scott, 2015, Hydraulic laboratory testing of SonTek-IQ Plus: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1139, 16 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151139.","productDescription":"vi, 16 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065363","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311142,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1139/ofr20151139.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.09 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1139"},{"id":311141,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1139/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Chief, Hydrologic Instrumentation Facility
U.S. Geological Survey
Building 2101
Stennis Space Center, MS 39529
http://water.usgs.gov/hif/
In a study conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, water samples were collected from 4 production wells and 4 domestic wells in the Chemung River Basin, 8 production wells and 7 domestic wells in the Eastern Lake Ontario Basin, and 12 production wells and 13 domestic wells in the Lower Hudson River Basin (south of the Federal Lock and Dam at Troy) in New York. All samples were collected in June, July, and August 2013 to characterize groundwater quality in these basins. The samples were collected and processed using standard USGS procedures and were analyzed for 148 physiochemical properties and constituents, including dissolved gases, major ions, nutrients, trace elements, pesticides, volatile organic compounds, radionuclides, and indicator bacteria.
\nThe Chemung River Basin study area covers 1,744 square miles in south-central New York and encompasses the part of the Chemung River Basin that lies within New York. Two of the wells sampled in the Chemung River Basin are completed in sand and gravel, and 6 are completed in bedrock. Groundwater in the Chemung River Basin was generally of good quality, although properties and concentrations of some constituents—sodium, arsenic, aluminum, iron, manganese, radon-222, total coliform bacteria, and Escherichia coli bacteria—equaled or exceeded primary, secondary, or proposed drinking-water standards. The constituent most frequently detected in concentrations exceeding drinking-water standards (six of eight samples) was radon-222.
\nThe Eastern Lake Ontario Basin study area covers 3,225 square miles in north-central New York. The Eastern Lake Ontario Basin (between the Oswego River Basin and the St. Lawrence River Basin) includes the Mid-Northern Lake Ontario Basin, the Black River Basin, and the Chaumont River-Perch River Basin. Five of the wells sampled in the Eastern Lake Ontario Basin are completed in sand and gravel, and 10 are completed in bedrock. Groundwater in the Eastern Lake Ontario Basin was generally of good quality, although properties and concentrations of some constituents—color, pH, sodium, dissolved solids, fluoride, iron, manganese, uranium, gross-α radioactivity, radon-222, total coliform bacteria, and fecal coliform bacteria—equaled or exceeded primary, secondary, or proposed drinking-water standards. The constituent most frequently detected in concentrations exceeding drinking-water standards (10 of 15 samples) was radon-222.
\nThe Lower Hudson River Basin study area covers 5,607 square miles and encompasses the part of the Lower Hudson River Basin that lies within New York plus the parts of the Housatonic, Hackensack, Bronx, and Saugatuck River Basins that are in New York. Twelve of the wells sampled in the Lower Hudson River Basin are completed in sand-and-gravel deposits, and 13 are completed in bedrock. Groundwater in the Lower Hudson River Basin was generally of good quality, although properties and concentrations of some constituents—pH, sodium, chloride, dissolved solids, arsenic, aluminum, iron, manganese, radon-222, total coliform bacteria, fecal coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli bacteria, and heterotrophic plate count—equaled or exceeded primary, secondary, or proposed drinking-water standards. The constituent most frequently detected in concentrations exceeding drinking-water standards (20 of 25 samples) was radon-222.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151168","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","usgsCitation":"Scott, T.-M., Nystrom, E.A., and Reddy, J.E., 2015, Groundwater quality in the Chemung River, eastern Lake Ontario, and lower Hudson River Basins, New York, 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1168, 41 p., appendixes, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151168.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 39 p.; Appendixes: 1-2","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2013-01-01","temporalEnd":"2013-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-061358","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310960,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1168/ofr20151168.pdf","text":"Report","size":"15.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1168"},{"id":310961,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1168/appendix/ofr20151168_appendix1.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1","size":"113 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"OFR 2015-1168","linkHelpText":"Results of Water-Sample Analyses, 2013"},{"id":310962,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1168/appendix/ofr20151168_appendix2.xlsx","text":"Appendix 2","size":"58.5 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"OFR 2015-1168","linkHelpText":"Results of Water-Sample Analyses, 2008 and 2013"},{"id":310959,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1168/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Chemung River Basin, Eastern Lake Ontario Basin, Lower Hudson River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.6845703125,\n 43.30119623257966\n ],\n [\n -76.6845703125,\n 44.41024041296011\n ],\n [\n -73.76220703125,\n 44.41024041296011\n ],\n [\n -73.76220703125,\n 43.30119623257966\n ],\n [\n -76.6845703125,\n 43.30119623257966\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.7227783203125,\n 42.00032514831621\n ],\n [\n -77.7227783203125,\n 42.44778143462245\n ],\n [\n -76.4263916015625,\n 42.44778143462245\n ],\n [\n -76.4263916015625,\n 42.00032514831621\n ],\n [\n -77.7227783203125,\n 42.00032514831621\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.817138671875,\n 40.81796653313175\n ],\n [\n -73.641357421875,\n 41.0130657870063\n ],\n [\n -73.7127685546875,\n 41.10005163093046\n ],\n [\n -73.4600830078125,\n 41.20758898181025\n ],\n [\n -73.5479736328125,\n 41.29844430929419\n ],\n [\n -73.27880859375,\n 42.742978093466434\n ],\n [\n -74.2291259765625,\n 42.90011265525328\n ],\n [\n -74.72351074218749,\n 41.364441530542244\n ],\n [\n -73.916015625,\n 41.000629848685385\n ],\n [\n -74.036865234375,\n 40.713955826286046\n ],\n [\n -73.817138671875,\n 40.81796653313175\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Road
Troy, NY 12180-8349
Information requests:
(518) 285-5602
or visit our Web site at:
http://ny.water.usgs.gov
A collection of 24 datasets, including streamflow, well characteristics, groundwater elevations, and discrete water-quality concentrations, is provided to produce a consistent set of example data to demonstrate typical data manipulations or statistical analysis of hydrologic data. These example data are provided in an R package called smwrData. The data in the package have been collected by the U.S. Geological Survey or published in its reports, for example Helsel and Hirsch (2002). The R package provides a convenient mechanism for distributing the data to users of R within the U.S. Geological Survey and other users in the R community.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151103","usgsCitation":"Lorenz, D.L., 2015, smwrData—An R package of example hydrologic data, version 1.1.1: U.S. Geological\nSurvey Open-File Report 2015–1103, 5 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151103.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 3 p.; Appendix","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-040392","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311067,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1103/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":311068,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1103/ofr20151103.pdf","text":"Report","size":"316 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":311069,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1103/downloads/smwrData-manual.pdf","text":"Appendix","size":"193 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Appendix"}],"contact":"Director, Minnesota Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2280 Woodale Drive
Mounds View, Minnesota 55112
http://mn.water.usgs.gov/
Crocker Reef, located on the outer reef tract of the Florida Keys (fig. 1), was the site of an integrated “reefscape characterization” effort focused on calcification and related biogeochemical processes as part of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Coral Reef Ecosystem STudies (CREST) project. It is characterized as a senile or dead reef, with only scattered stony coral colonies and areas of sand and rubble. It was chosen as an end-member for later comparison to sites with a healthy, growing reef framework. The CREST reefscape characterization included two intensive seasonal sampling trips to capture summer (July 8–17, 2014) and winter (January 29–February 5, 2015) conditions. This report presents water column microbial and environmental data collected for use as metadata in future publications examining reef metabolic processes via metagenomes derived from water samples and fine-scale temporal and spatial carbonate chemistry measurements.
\nMicrobial measurements included enumeration of total bacteria, enumeration of virus-like particles, and plate counts of Vibrio spp. colony-forming units (CFU). These measurements were intended to give a sense of any seasonal changes in the total microbial load and to provide an indication of water quality. Additional environmental parameters measured included water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and pH. Four sites (table 1) were intensively sampled for periods of approximately 48 hours during summer (July 2014) and winter (January–February 2015), during which water samples were collected every 4 hours for analysis, except when prevented by weather conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151203","usgsCitation":"Kellogg, C.A., Yates, K.K., Lawler, S.N., Moore, C.S., and Smiley, N.A., 2015, Seasonal microbial and environmental parameters at Crocker Reef, Florida Keys, 2014–2015: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1203, 12 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151203.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 12 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-068435","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310880,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1203/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":310883,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F74Q7S25","text":"Data Release","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2015-1203","linkHelpText":"Microbial and environmental dataset from Crocker Reef, Florida Keys, 2014-2015"},{"id":310881,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1203/ofr20151203.pdf","text":"Report","size":"776 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1203"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Crocker Reef","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.58677673339842,\n 24.94186090727989\n ],\n [\n -80.58677673339842,\n 25.027750592082853\n ],\n [\n -80.49407958984375,\n 25.027750592082853\n ],\n [\n -80.49407958984375,\n 24.94186090727989\n ],\n [\n -80.58677673339842,\n 24.94186090727989\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
600 Fourth Street South
St. Petersburg, Florida 33701-4846
http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/
This document provides an overview of the capabilities, design, and use cases of the data acquisition and archiving subsystem at the U.S. Geological Survey National Earthquake Information Center. The Edge and Continuous Waveform Buffer software supports the National Earthquake Information Center’s worldwide earthquake monitoring mission in direct station data acquisition, data import, short- and long-term data archiving, data distribution, query services, and playback, among other capabilities. The software design and architecture can be configured to support acquisition and (or) archiving use cases. The software continues to be developed in order to expand the acquisition, storage, and distribution capabilities.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151174","usgsCitation":"Patton, J.M., Ketchum, D.C., and Guy, M.R., 2015, An overview of the National Earthquake Information Center acquisition software system, Edge/Continuous Waveform Buffer: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1174, 10 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151174.","productDescription":"iv, 10 p.","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-067426","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310780,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1174/ofr20151174.pdf","text":"Report","size":"688 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1174"},{"id":310779,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1174/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, Geologic Hazards Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS–966
Denver, CO 80225-0046
http://geohazards.cr.usgs.gov/
This map and cross sections are redrafted modified versions of the Geological map of the Kundelan ore deposit area, scale 1:10,000 (graphical supplement no. 18) and the Geological map of the Kundelan deposits, scale 1:2,000 (graphical supplement no. 3) both contained in an unpublished Soviet report by Litvinenko and others (1971) (report no. 0540). The unpublished Soviet report was prepared in cooperation with the Ministry of Mines and Industries of the Royal Government of Afghanistan in Kabul during 1971. This redrafted map and cross sections illustrate the geology of the main Kundelan copper-gold skarn deposit, located within the Kundelan copper and gold area of interest (AOI), Zabul Province, Afghanistan. Areas of interest (AOIs) of non-fuel mineral resources within Afghanistan were first described and defined by Peters and others (2007) and later by the work of Peters and others (2011a). The location of the main Kundelan copper-gold skarn deposit (area of this map) and the Kundelan copper and gold AOI is shown on the index map provided on this map sheet.
\nThe estimated resources of the Kundelan copper-gold skarn deposit are 21,400 metric tons (t) of copper, 1.6 t of gold, and 133.4 t of molybdenum at an average grade of 1.21 weight percent (wt. %) copper (ranging from 0.66 to 4.03 wt. % copper); 0.9 grams per metric ton (g/t) gold (ranging from 0.3 to 3.1 g/t gold); 0.14 wt. % molybdenum; and as much as 10 g/t silver and 0.03 wt. % bismuth (Peters and others, 2011b).
\nSmall past production of gold and base metals is also reported by Douvgal and others (1971) from many prospects within the Kundelan copper and gold AOI. Outside the skarn areas, argillic hydrothermal alteration is present (Abdullah and others, 1977). Most copper and gold prospects in the Kundelan copper and gold AOI are reported to contain commercial-grade ores of copper and (or) gold, and many prospect areas have potential for these commodities to be discovered in commercial volumes. Future initial mine exploration and later development in many of the prospects, and specifically in the Kundelan copper-gold skarn deposit, could result in near-term small- to medium-sized gold mining operations (Peters and others, 2011b).
\nThe redrafted map and cross sections reproduce the topology of rock units, contacts, faults, and so forth, of the original Soviet map and cross sections, and they include modifications based on our examination of these documents and our observations made during a brief field visit in August of 2010. We have attempted to translate the original Russian terminology and rock classifications into modern English geologic usage as literally as possible without changing any genetic or process-oriented implications in the original descriptions. We also use the age designations from the original Soviet maps, except for the phase I and II intrusive igneous rocks. Phase I and II igneous rocks are reassigned an Early Cretaceous age (from lower Paleogene) based on a uranium-lead (U-Pb) zircon SHRIMP analysis from quartz diorite, which yielded an age of 104±1 Ma (mega-annum). The information provided in the description of map units is from both the source report by Litvinenko and others (1971) and the original 1:10,000 scale map (graphical supplement no. 18), also from Litvinenko and others (1971). Because of the poor quality of the original map, some map features could not be identified and some features may be misinterpreted. The rock unit colors used on the redrafted maps and cross sections differ from the colors shown on the original Soviet version. Colors were selected according to the color and pattern scheme of the Commission for the Geological Map of the World (CGMW) at http://www.ccgm.org.
\nElevations on the cross sections are derived from the original Soviet topography and may not match the Global Digital Elevation Model (GDEM) topography used on the redrafted map of this report. Most hydrography derived from the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) has not been included on our redrafted version of the map because of a poor fit with alluvial deposits from the unmodified original Soviet map (graphical supplement no. 18; Litvinenko and others, 1971).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151198","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Afghan Geological Survey under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Defense","usgsCitation":"Tucker, R.D., Peters, S.G., Stettner, W.R., Masonic, L.M., and Moran, T.W., comps., 2015, Geologic map of Kundelan ore deposits and prospects, Zabul Province, Afghanistan; Modified from the 1971 original map compilations of K.I. Litvinenko and others: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1198, 1 sheet, scale 1:10,000, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151198.","productDescription":"1 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059646","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310464,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1198/ofr20151198.pdf","text":"Report","size":"75.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1198"},{"id":310463,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1198/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"Afghanistan","state":"Zabul Province","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 66.884765625,\n 31.59725256170666\n ],\n [\n 69.3896484375,\n 31.59725256170666\n ],\n [\n 69.3896484375,\n 33.32134852669881\n ],\n [\n 66.884765625,\n 33.32134852669881\n ],\n [\n 66.884765625,\n 31.59725256170666\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Office of International Programs
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917 National Center
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
http://international.usgs.gov/index.htm
Coastal communities are uniquely vulnerable to sea-level rise (SLR) and severe storms such as hurricanes. These events enhance the dispersion and concentration of natural and anthropogenic chemicals and pathogenic microorganisms that could adversely affect the health and resilience of coastal communities and ecosystems in coming years. The U.S. Geological Survey has developed a strategy to define baseline and post-event sediment-bound environmental health (EH) stressors (hereafter referred to as the Sediment-Bound Contaminant Resiliency and Response [SCoRR] strategy). A tiered, multimetric approach will be used to (1) identify and map contaminant sources and potential exposure pathways for human and ecological receptors, (2) define the baseline mixtures of EH stressors present in sediments and correlations of relevance, (3) document post-event changes in EH stressors present in sediments, and (4) establish and apply metrics to quantify changes in coastal resilience associated with sediment-bound contaminants. Integration of this information provides a means to improve assessment of the baseline status of a complex system and the significance of changes in contaminant hazards due to storm-induced (episodic) and SLR (incremental) disturbances. This report describes the purpose and design of the SCoRR strategy and the methods used to construct a decision support tool to identify candidate sampling stations vulnerable to contaminants that may be mobilized by coastal storms.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151188A","collaboration":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","usgsCitation":"Reilly, T.J., Jones, D.K., Focazio, M.J., Aquino, K.C., Carbo, C.L., Kaufhold, E.E., Zinecker, E.K., Benzel, W.M., Fisher, S.C., Griffin, D.W., Iwanowicz, L.R., Loftin, K.A. and Schill, W.B., 2015, Strategy to evaluate persistent contaminant hazards resulting from sea-level rise and storm-derived disturbances—Study design and methodology for station prioritization: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1188A, 20 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151188A.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 20 p.; 3 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-066315","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438671,"rank":7,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7F47MBM","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Matrix inhibition PCR and Microtox 81.9% screening assay analytical results for samples collected for the Sediment-Bound Contaminant Resiliency and Response Strategy pilot study, northeastern United States, 2015"},{"id":312421,"rank":6,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20151188B","text":"Open-File Report 2015-1188B","linkHelpText":"Standard Operating Procedures for Collection of Soil and Sediment Samples for the Sediment-bound Contaminant Resiliency and Response (SCoRR) Strategy Pilot Study"},{"id":310598,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1188/A/ofr2015-1188a_appendixa-ntasdatabase.xlsx","text":"Appendix A","size":"223 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"OFR 2015-1188 A","linkHelpText":"National Target Analyte Strategy (NTAS) Constituent Database"},{"id":310599,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1188/A/ofr2015-1188a_appendixb-tri-ranks.xlsx","text":"Appendix B","size":"91.6 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"OFR 2015-1188 A","linkHelpText":"National Target Analyte Strategy (NTAS) Ranked Constituent Database"},{"id":310596,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1188/A/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":310597,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1188/A/ofr20151188a.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.17 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1188 A"},{"id":310600,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1188/A/ofr2015-1188a_appendixc-frsquestionnaire.xlsx","text":"Appendix C","size":"46.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"OFR 2015-1188 A","linkHelpText":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 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Toxic Substances Hydrology Program
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, Virginia 20192
http://www.usgs.gov/envirohealth/