With increasing population growth and land-use change, urban communities in the desert Southwest are progressively looking toward remote basins to supplement existing water supplies. Pending applications by Churchill County for groundwater appropriations from Dixie Valley, Nevada, a primarily undeveloped basin east of the Carson Desert, have prompted a reevaluation of the quantity of naturally discharging groundwater. The objective of this study was to develop a revised, independent estimate of groundwater discharge by evapotranspiration (ETg) from Dixie Valley using a combination of eddy-covariance evapotranspiration (ET) measurements and multispectral satellite imagery. Mean annual ETg was estimated during water years 2010 and 2011 at four eddy-covariance sites. Two sites were in phreatophytic shrubland dominated by greasewood, and two sites were on a playa. Estimates of total ET and ETg were supported with vegetation cover mapping, soil physics considerations, water‑level measurements from wells, and isotopic water sourcing analyses to allow partitioning of ETg into evaporation and transpiration components. Site-based ETg estimates were scaled to the basin level by combining remotely sensed imagery with field reconnaissance. Enhanced vegetation index and brightness temperature data were compared with mapped vegetation cover to partition Dixie Valley into five discharging ET units and compute basin-scale ETg. Evapotranspiration units were defined within a delineated groundwater discharge area and were partitioned as (1) playa lake, (2) playa, (3) sparse shrubland, (4) moderate-to-dense shrubland, and (5) grassland.
Groundwater ET is influenced primarily by phreatophytic vegetative cover, salinity of soil and groundwater within the playa, depth to groundwater, solar radiation, and air temperature. The annual groundwater contribution to site‑scale ET ranged from 24 to 61 percent of total ET at vegetated sites and 4 to 15 percent of total ET at playa sites. Mean annual ETg from vegetated sites ranged from 53 millimeters (mm) (0.17 foot [ft], 7.3 percent vegetative cover) to 225 mm (0.74 ft, 24.8 percent vegetative cover). Cumulative liquid‑water fluxes in the unsaturated zone indicate that ETg at vegetated sites was influenced primarily by plant transpiration. Binary mixing analyses of oxygen-18 isotopes in groundwater and shallow soil water indicate that plants predominantly use groundwater throughout the year. Groundwater fractions in greasewood stem water varied seasonally and ranged from 0.63 to 1.0. Mean annual playa ETg ranged from about 11 mm (0.04 ft) at the inner playa site (near-surface volumetric water content of 37–53 percent) to about 20 mm (0.07 ft) at the outer playa site located within 2 kilometers of the playa edge (near-surface volumetric water content of 25–38 percent), but playa ETg estimates were within the probable error (plus or minus [±] 20–23 mm; 0.06–0.08 ft). Varying playa ETg was influenced predominantly by salinity rather than depth to groundwater. Osmotic resistance and physical impediments to ET (such as surface salt crusts and salt precipitate in the soil pore space) increased with increasing salinity toward the playa center, whereas vapor pressure decreased.
Mean annual basin-scale ETg totaled about 28 million cubic meters (Mm3) (23,000 acre-feet [acre-ft]), and represents the sum of ETg from all ET units. Annual groundwater ET from vegetated areas totaled about 26 Mm3 (21,000 acre-ft), and was dominated by the moderate-to-dense shrubland ET unit (54 percent), followed by sparse shrubland (37 percent) and grassland (9 percent) ET units. Senesced grasses observed in the northern most areas of the moderate-to-dense ET unit likely confounded the vegetation index and led to an overestimate of ETg for this ET unit. Therefore, mean annual ETg for moderate-to-dense shrubland presented here is likely an upper bound. Annual groundwater ET from the playa ET unit was 2.2 Mm3 (1,800 acre-ft), whereas groundwater ET from the playa lake ET unit was 0–0.1 Mm3 (0–100 acre-ft). Oxygen-18 and deuterium data indicate discharge from the playa center predominantly represents removal of local precipitation-derived recharge. The playa lake estimate, therefore, is considered an upper bound. Mean annual ETg estimates for Dixie Valley are assumed to represent the pre‑development, long-term ETg rates within the study area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1805","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Garcia, C.A., Huntington, J.M., Buto, S.G., Moreo, M.T., Smith, J.L., and Andraski, B.J., 2015, Groundwater discharge by evapotranspiration, Dixie Valley, west-central Nevada, March 2009–September 2011 (ver. 1.1, April 2015): U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1805, 90 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1805.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 89 p.; 8 Appendixes; Evapotranspiration units; Groundwater discharge area; Vegetation index","numberOfPages":"104","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2009-03-01","temporalEnd":"2011-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-034747","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294843,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1805/images/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":294826,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1805/pdf/pp1805.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":294840,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/lookup/getspatial?pp1805_ETunits","text":"Evapotranspiration units"},{"id":294825,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1805/"},{"id":401429,"rank":7,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1805/versionHist.txt"},{"id":294841,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/lookup/getspatial?pp1805_GDA","text":"Groundwater discharge area"},{"id":294842,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/lookup/getspatial?pp1805_VI","text":"Vegetation index"},{"id":401430,"rank":8,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1805/downloads/pp1805_appendix01.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1","size":"786 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":401431,"rank":9,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1805/downloads/pp1805_appendix02.xlsx","text":"Appendix 2","size":"26 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":401432,"rank":10,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1805/downloads/pp1805_appendix03.xlsx","text":"Appendix 3","size":"25 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":401433,"rank":11,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1805/downloads/pp1805_appendix04.xlsx","text":"Appendix 4","size":"32 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":401434,"rank":12,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1805/downloads/pp1805_appendix05.xlsx","text":"Appendix 5","size":"15 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":401435,"rank":13,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1805/downloads/pp1805_appendix06.xlsx","text":"Appendix 6","size":"74 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":401436,"rank":14,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1805/pdf/pp1805_appendix07.pdf","text":"Appendix 7","size":"46 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401437,"rank":15,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1805/downloads/pp1805_appendix08.xlsx","text":"Appendix 8","size":"13 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Dixie Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.2183837890625,\n 39.26203141523749\n ],\n [\n -118.2183837890625,\n 40.065460682065535\n ],\n [\n -117.23510742187501,\n 40.065460682065535\n ],\n [\n -117.23510742187501,\n 39.26203141523749\n ],\n [\n -118.2183837890625,\n 39.26203141523749\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: October 2, 2014; Version 1.1: April 7, 2015","contact":"Director,
Nevada Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2730 N. Deer Run Rd.
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A two-dimensional (depth-averaged) finite volume Godunov-type shallow water model developed for flow over complex topography is presented. The model is based on an unstructured cellcentered finite volume formulation and a nonlinear strong stability preserving Runge-Kutta time stepping scheme. The numerical discretization is founded on the classical and well established shallow water equations in hyperbolic conservative form, but the convective fluxes are calculated using auto-switching Riemann and diffusive numerical fluxes. The model’s implementation within a graphical user interface is discussed. Field application of the model is illustrated by utilizing it to estimate peak flow discharges in a flooding event of historic significance in Colorado, U.S.A., in 2013.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Hydroscience & Engineering","conferenceTitle":"ICHE 2014","conferenceDate":"Sep. 29–Oct. 2, 2014","conferenceLocation":"Hamburg, Germany","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Simoes, F.J., 2014, SToRM: A Model for Unsteady Surface Hydraulics Over Complex Terrain, in Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Hydroscience & Engineering, Hamburg, Germany, Sep. 29–Oct. 2, 2014, 8 p.","productDescription":"8 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058093","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":310638,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"562f4ebae4b093cee780a2a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simoes, Francisco J. 0000-0002-0934-9730 frsimoes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0934-9730","contributorId":2019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simoes","given":"Francisco","email":"frsimoes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70059172,"text":"70059172 - 2014 - Evidence for a marine incursion along the lower Colorado River corridor","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-02T08:47:20","indexId":"70059172","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-01T15:22:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for a marine incursion along the lower Colorado River corridor","docAbstract":"Foraminiferal assemblages in the stratigraphically lower part of the Bouse Formation in the Blythe Basin indicate marine conditions whereas assemblages in the upper part of the Bouse Formation indicate lacustrine conditions and suggest the presence of a saline lake. Benthic foraminiferal assemblages in the lower part of the Bouse Formation are similar to lagoonal and inner neritic biofacies of the modern Gulf of California. Evidence suggesting a change from marine to lacustrine conditions includes the highest occurrence of planktic foraminifers at an elevation of 123 m asl, the change from low diversity to monospecific foraminiferal assemblages composed only of Ammonia beccarii (between 110 to126 m asl), an increase in abundance of A. beccarii specimens (above ~110 m asl), increased number of deformed tests (above ~123 m asl), first appearance of Chara (at ~85 m asl), lowest occurrence of reworked Cretaceous coccoliths (at ~110 m), a decrease in strontium isotopic values (between 70-120 m), and δ18O and δ13C values similar to sea water (between 70-100 m asl). Planktic foraminifers indicate a late Miocene age between 8.10 and 5.3 Ma for the oldest part of the Bouse Formation in the southern part of the Blythe Basin. Benthic and planktic foraminifers correlate with other late Miocene sections and suggest that the basal Bouse Formation in the Blythe Basin was deposited at the northern end of the proto-Gulf of California. After the marine connection was restricted or eliminated, the Colorado River flowed into the Blythe Basin forming a saline lake. This lake supported a monospecific foraminiferal assemblage of A. beccarii until the lake spilled into the Salton Trough and the Colorado River became a through-flowing river.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geosphere","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES00975.1","usgsCitation":"McDougall, K., and Martinez, A.Y., 2014, Evidence for a marine incursion along the lower Colorado River corridor: Geosphere, v. 10, no. 5, p. 842-869, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES00975.1.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"842","endPage":"869","numberOfPages":"28","ipdsId":"IP-053075","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472707,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges00975.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":294739,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294738,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/GES00975.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Blythe Basin","volume":"10","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542d098ee4b092f17defc526","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McDougall, Kristin","contributorId":84673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDougall","given":"Kristin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martinez, Adriana Yanet Miranda","contributorId":73126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martinez","given":"Adriana","email":"","middleInitial":"Yanet Miranda","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70115007,"text":"70115007 - 2014 - Estimates of vital rates for a declining loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) subpopulation: implications for management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-23T09:35:33","indexId":"70115007","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-01T15:05:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2660,"text":"Marine Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimates of vital rates for a declining loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) subpopulation: implications for management","docAbstract":"Because subpopulations can differ geographically, genetically and/or phenotypically, using data from one subpopulation to derive vital rates for another, while often unavoidable, is not optimal. We used a two-state open robust design model to analyze a 14-year dataset (1998–2011) from the St. Joseph Peninsula, Florida (USA; 29.748°, −85.400°) which is the densest loggerhead (Caretta caretta) nesting beach in the Northern Gulf of Mexico subpopulation. For these analyses, 433 individuals were marked of which only 7.2 % were observed re-nesting in the study area in subsequent years during the study period. Survival was estimated at 0.86 and is among the highest estimates for all subpopulations in the Northwest Atlantic population. The robust model estimated a nesting assemblage size that ranged from 32 to 230 individuals each year with an annual average of 110. The model estimates indicated an overall population decline of 17 %. The results presented here for this nesting group represent the first estimates for this subpopulation. These data provide managers with information specific to this subpopulation that can be used to develop recovery plans and conduct subpopulation-specific modeling exercises explicit to the challenges faced by turtles nesting in this region.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00227-014-2537-0","usgsCitation":"Lamont, M.M., Fujisaki, I., and Carthy, R.R., 2014, Estimates of vital rates for a declining loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) subpopulation: implications for management: Marine Biology, v. 161, no. 11, p. 2659-2668, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-014-2537-0.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2659","endPage":"2668","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-054513","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294735,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294734,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00227-014-2537-0"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"St. Joseph Peninsula","volume":"161","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-09-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542d098de4b092f17defc517","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lamont, Margaret M. 0000-0001-7520-6669 mlamont@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7520-6669","contributorId":4525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamont","given":"Margaret","email":"mlamont@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fujisaki, Ikuko","contributorId":42152,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fujisaki","given":"Ikuko","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carthy, Raymond R. 0000-0001-8978-5083 rayc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8978-5083","contributorId":3685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carthy","given":"Raymond","email":"rayc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70117442,"text":"70117442 - 2014 - Development of a shared vision for groundwater management to protect and sustain baseflows of the Upper San Pedro River, Arizona, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-01T14:19:39","indexId":"70117442","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-01T14:14:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3709,"text":"Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of a shared vision for groundwater management to protect and sustain baseflows of the Upper San Pedro River, Arizona, USA","docAbstract":"Groundwater pumping along portions of the binational San Pedro River has depleted aquifer storage that supports baseflow in the San Pedro River. A consortium of 23 agencies, business interests, and non-governmental organizations pooled their collective resources to develop the scientific understanding and technical tools required to optimize the management of this complex, interconnected groundwater-surface water system. A paradigm shift occurred as stakeholders first collaboratively developed, and then later applied, several key hydrologic simulation and monitoring tools. Water resources planning and management transitioned from a traditional water budget-based approach to a more strategic and spatially-explicit optimization process. After groundwater modeling results suggested that strategic near-stream recharge could reasonably sustain baseflows at or above 2003 levels until the year 2100, even in the presence of continued groundwater development, a group of collaborators worked for four years to acquire 2250 hectares of land in key locations along 34 kilometers of the river specifically for this purpose. These actions reflect an evolved common vision that considers the multiple water demands of both humans and the riparian ecosystem associated with the San Pedro River.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3390/w6082519","usgsCitation":"Richter, H., Gungle, B., Lacher, L.J., Turner, D., and Bushman, B., 2014, Development of a shared vision for groundwater management to protect and sustain baseflows of the Upper San Pedro River, Arizona, USA: Water, v. 6, no. 8, p. 2519-2538, https://doi.org/10.3390/w6082519.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"2519","endPage":"2538","ipdsId":"IP-058279","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472709,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w6082519","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":294727,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294726,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w6082519"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"San Pedro River","volume":"6","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542d098ae4b092f17defc4da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richter, Holly E.","contributorId":26238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richter","given":"Holly E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gungle, Bruce 0000-0001-6406-1206 bgungle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6406-1206","contributorId":107628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gungle","given":"Bruce","email":"bgungle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":495992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lacher, Laurel J.","contributorId":81426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lacher","given":"Laurel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Turner, Dale S.","contributorId":63742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"Dale S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bushman, Brooke M.","contributorId":22706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bushman","given":"Brooke M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70117418,"text":"70117418 - 2014 - Developing and testing temperature models for regulated systems: a case study on the Upper Delaware River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-21T14:52:40","indexId":"70117418","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-01T13:39:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Developing and testing temperature models for regulated systems: a case study on the Upper Delaware River","docAbstract":"Water temperature is an important driver of many processes in riverine ecosystems. If reservoirs are present, their releases can greatly influence downstream water temperatures. Models are important tools in understanding the influence these releases may have on the thermal regimes of downstream rivers. In this study, we developed and tested a suite of models to predict river temperature at a location downstream of two reservoirs in the Upper Delaware River (USA), a section of river that is managed to support a world-class coldwater fishery. Three empirical models were tested, including a Generalized Least Squares Model with a cosine trend (GLScos), AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). We also tested one mechanistic Heat Flux Model (HFM) that was based on energy gain and loss. Predictor variables used in model development included climate data (e.g., solar radiation, wind speed, etc.) collected from a nearby weather station and temperature and hydrologic data from upstream U.S. Geological Survey gages. Models were developed with a training dataset that consisted of data from 2008 to 2011; they were then independently validated with a test dataset from 2012. Model accuracy was evaluated using root mean square error (RMSE), Nash Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), percent bias (PBIAS), and index of agreement (d) statistics. Model forecast success was evaluated using baseline-modified prime index of agreement (md) at the one, three, and five day predictions. All five models accurately predicted daily mean river temperature across the entire training dataset (RMSE = 0.58–1.311, NSE = 0.99–0.97, d = 0.98–0.99); ARIMA was most accurate (RMSE = 0.57, NSE = 0.99), but each model, other than ARIMA, showed short periods of under- or over-predicting observed warmer temperatures. For the training dataset, all models besides ARIMA had overestimation bias (PBIAS = −0.10 to −1.30). Validation analyses showed all models performed well; the HFM model was the most accurate compared other models (RMSE = 0.92, both NSE = 0.98, d = 0.99) and the ARIMA model was least accurate (RMSE = 2.06, NSE = 0.92, d = 0.98); however, all models had an overestimation bias (PBIAS = −4.1 to −10.20). Aside from the one day forecast ARIMA model (md = 0.53), all models forecasted fairly well at the one, three, and five day forecasts (md = 0.77–0.96). Overall, we were successful in developing models predicting daily mean temperature across a broad range of temperatures. These models, specifically the GLScos, ANN, and HFM, may serve as important tools for predicting conditions and managing thermal releases in regulated river systems such as the Delaware River. Further model development may be important in customizing predictions for particular biological or ecological needs, or for particular temporal or spatial scales.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.07.058","usgsCitation":"Cole, J.C., Maloney, K.O., Schmid, M., and McKenna, J., 2014, Developing and testing temperature models for regulated systems: a case study on the Upper Delaware River: Journal of Hydrology, v. 519, no. Part A, p. 588-598, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.07.058.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"588","endPage":"598","ipdsId":"IP-054405","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294719,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294718,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.07.058"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, New York, Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Delaware River","volume":"519","issue":"Part A","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542d0989e4b092f17defc4d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cole, Jeffrey C. 0000-0002-2477-7231 jccole@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2477-7231","contributorId":5585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jccole@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maloney, Kelly O. 0000-0003-2304-0745 kmaloney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2304-0745","contributorId":4636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maloney","given":"Kelly","email":"kmaloney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmid, Matthias","contributorId":53714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmid","given":"Matthias","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McKenna, James E. Jr.","contributorId":38486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenna","given":"James E.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70044613,"text":"70044613 - 2014 - Carbonate margin, slope, and basin facies of the Lisburne Group (Carboniferous-Permian) in northern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-25T16:44:25","indexId":"70044613","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-01T13:34:57","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Carbonate margin, slope, and basin facies of the Lisburne Group (Carboniferous-Permian) in northern Alaska","docAbstract":"The objective of this research was to measure temporal variability in accretion and mass sedimentation rates (including organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorous (TP)) from the past century in a mangrove forest on the Shark River in Everglades National Park, USA. The 210Pb Constant Rate of Supply model was applied to six soil cores to calculate annual rates over the most recent 10, 50, and 100 year time spans. Our results show that rates integrated over longer timeframes are lower than those for shorter, recent periods of observation. Additionally, the substantial spatial variability between cores over the 10 year period is diminished over the 100 year record, raising two important implications. First, a multiple-decade assessment of soil accretion and OC burial provides a more conservative estimate and is likely to be most relevant for forecasting these rates relative to long-term processes of sea level rise and climate change mitigation. Second, a small number of sampling locations are better able to account for spatial variability over the longer periods than for the shorter periods. The site average 100 year OC burial rate, 123 ± 19 (standard deviation) g m-2yr-1, is low compared with global mangrove values. High TN and TP burial rates in recent decades may lead to increased soil carbon remineralization, contributing to the low carbon burial rates. Finally, the strong correlation between OC burial and accretion across this site signals the substantial contribution of OC to soil building in addition to the ecosystem service of CO2 sequestration.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1002/2014JG002715","collaboration":"J.L. Breithaupt; J.M. Smoak; C.J. Sanders","usgsCitation":"Breithaupt, J.L., Smoak, J.M., Smith, T.J., and Sanders, C.J., 2014, Temporal variability of carbon and nutrient burial, sediment accretion, and mass accumulation over the past century in a carbonate platform mangrove forest of the Florida Everglades.: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, v. 119, no. 10, p. 2032-2048, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JG002715.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"2032","endPage":"2048","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056764","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472712,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014jg002715","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":296517,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":296481,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2014JG002715/pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.62695312499999,\n 31.05293398570514\n ],\n [\n -87.615966796875,\n 30.259067203213018\n ],\n [\n -85.31982421875,\n 29.602118211647333\n ],\n [\n -83.990478515625,\n 29.92637417863576\n ],\n [\n -82.342529296875,\n 26.382027976025352\n ],\n [\n -82.254638671875,\n 24.607069137709708\n ],\n [\n -82.144775390625,\n 24.407137917727653\n ],\n [\n -80.958251953125,\n 24.627044746156027\n ],\n [\n -80.035400390625,\n 25.37380917154398\n ],\n [\n -79.94750976562499,\n 26.814266197561462\n ],\n [\n -81.27685546875,\n 30.637912028341123\n ],\n [\n -82.02392578125,\n 30.958768570779846\n ],\n [\n -87.62695312499999,\n 31.05293398570514\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"119","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54882b65e4b02acb4f0c8c54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Breithaupt, Josh L.","contributorId":127777,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Breithaupt","given":"Josh","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":7149,"text":"College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":526707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smoak, Joseph M.","contributorId":32392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smoak","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":526708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Thomas J. III tom_j_smith@usgs.gov","contributorId":1615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Thomas","suffix":"III","email":"tom_j_smith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":526706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sanders, Christian J.","contributorId":90584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanders","given":"Christian","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":526709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70133431,"text":"70133431 - 2014 - An online database for informing ecological network models: http://kelpforest.ucsc.edu","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-31T20:13:54.126154","indexId":"70133431","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-01T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An online database for informing ecological network models: http://kelpforest.ucsc.edu","docAbstract":"Ecological network models and analyses are recognized as valuable tools for understanding the dynamics and resiliency of ecosystems, and for informing ecosystem-based approaches to management. However, few databases exist that can provide the life history, demographic and species interaction information necessary to parameterize ecological network models. Faced with the difficulty of synthesizing the information required to construct models for kelp forest ecosystems along the West Coast of North America, we developed an online database (http://kelpforest.ucsc.edu/) to facilitate the collation and dissemination of such information. Many of the database's attributes are novel yet the structure is applicable and adaptable to other ecosystem modeling efforts. Information for each taxonomic unit includes stage-specific life history, demography, and body-size allometries. Species interactions include trophic, competitive, facilitative, and parasitic forms. Each data entry is temporally and spatially explicit. The online data entry interface allows researchers anywhere to contribute and access information. Quality control is facilitated by attributing each entry to unique contributor identities and source citations. The database has proven useful as an archive of species and ecosystem-specific information in the development of several ecological network models, for informing management actions, and for education purposes (e.g., undergraduate and graduate training). To facilitate adaptation of the database by other researches for other ecosystems, the code and technical details on how to customize this database and apply it to other ecosystems are freely available and located at the following link (https://github.com/kelpforest-cameo/databaseui).
","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0109356","usgsCitation":"Beas-Luna, R., Novak, M., Carr, M.H., Tinker, M.T., Black, A., Caselle, J.E., Hoban, M., Malone, D., and Iles, A.C., 2014, An online database for informing ecological network models: http://kelpforest.ucsc.edu: PLoS ONE, v. 9, no. 10, e109356, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0109356.","productDescription":"e109356, 9 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060035","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472713,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0109356","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":296147,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"546c75e8e4b0f4a3478a60dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beas-Luna, Rodrigo","contributorId":127447,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beas-Luna","given":"Rodrigo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6948,"text":"UC Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Novak, Mark","contributorId":45229,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Novak","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carr, Mark H.","contributorId":127448,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carr","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":6949,"text":"University of California, Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tinker, M. Tim 0000-0002-3314-839X ttinker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3314-839X","contributorId":2796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tinker","given":"M.","email":"ttinker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Tim","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Black, August","contributorId":127449,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Black","given":"August","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6710,"text":"University of California, Santa Barbara, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Caselle, Jennifer E.","contributorId":127450,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Caselle","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6710,"text":"University of California, Santa Barbara, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hoban, Michael","contributorId":127451,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoban","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6949,"text":"University of California, Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Malone, Dan","contributorId":44783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malone","given":"Dan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":525194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Iles, Alison C.","contributorId":7546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iles","given":"Alison","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":525195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70127669,"text":"70127669 - 2014 - Temperature drives global patterns in forest biomass distribution in leaves, stems, and roots","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-29T12:27:59","indexId":"70127669","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-01T10:42:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temperature drives global patterns in forest biomass distribution in leaves, stems, and roots","docAbstract":"Whether the fraction of total forest biomass distributed in roots, stems, or leaves varies systematically across geographic gradients remains unknown despite its importance for understanding forest ecology and modeling global carbon cycles. It has been hypothesized that plants should maintain proportionally more biomass in the organ that acquires the most limiting resource. Accordingly, we hypothesize greater biomass distribution in roots and less in stems and foliage in increasingly arid climates and in colder environments at high latitudes. Such a strategy would increase uptake of soil water in dry conditions and of soil nutrients in cold soils, where they are at low supply and are less mobile. We use a large global biomass dataset (>6,200 forests from 61 countries, across a 40 °C gradient in mean annual temperature) to address these questions. Climate metrics involving temperature were better predictors of biomass partitioning than those involving moisture availability, because, surprisingly, fractional distribution of biomass to roots or foliage was unrelated to aridity. In contrast, in increasingly cold climates, the proportion of total forest biomass in roots was greater and in foliage was smaller for both angiosperm and gymnosperm forests. These findings support hypotheses about adaptive strategies of forest trees to temperature and provide biogeographically explicit relationships to improve ecosystem and earth system models. They also will allow, for the first time to our knowledge, representations of root carbon pools that consider biogeographic differences, which are useful for quantifying whole-ecosystem carbon stocks and cycles and for assessing the impact of climate change on forest carbon dynamics.","language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences of the United Sates of America","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1216053111","usgsCitation":"Reich, P.B., Lou, Y., Bradford, J.B., Poorter, H., Perry, C.H., and Oleksyn, J., 2014, Temperature drives global patterns in forest biomass distribution in leaves, stems, and roots: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 111, no. 38, p. 13721-13726, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1216053111.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"13721","endPage":"13726","ipdsId":"IP-043943","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472714,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1216053111","text":"External Repository"},{"id":294707,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294688,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1216053111"}],"volume":"111","issue":"38","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-09-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542d098fe4b092f17defc56f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reich, Peter B.","contributorId":63740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reich","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lou, Yunjian","contributorId":80207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lou","given":"Yunjian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bradford, John B. 0000-0001-9257-6303 jbradford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9257-6303","contributorId":611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradford","given":"John","email":"jbradford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Poorter, Hendrik","contributorId":33242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poorter","given":"Hendrik","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Perry, Charles H.","contributorId":75865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Oleksyn, Jacek","contributorId":30560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oleksyn","given":"Jacek","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70127641,"text":"70127641 - 2014 - Bioaccumulation and toxicity of CuO nanoparticles by a freshwater invertebrate after waterborne and dietborne exposures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T16:41:54","indexId":"70127641","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-01T10:16:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bioaccumulation and toxicity of CuO nanoparticles by a freshwater invertebrate after waterborne and dietborne exposures","docAbstract":"The incidental ingestion of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) can be an important route of uptake for aquatic organisms. Yet, knowledge of dietary bioavailability and toxicity of NPs is scarce. Here we used isotopically modified copper oxide (65CuO) NPs to characterize the processes governing their bioaccumulation in a freshwater snail after waterborne and dietborne exposures. Lymnaea stagnalis efficiently accumulated 65Cu after aqueous and dietary exposures to 65CuO NPs. Cu assimilation efficiency and feeding rates averaged 83% and 0.61 g g–1 d–1 at low exposure concentrations (<100 nmol g–1), and declined by nearly 50% above this concentration. We estimated that 80–90% of the bioaccumulated 65Cu concentration in L. stagnalis originated from the 65CuO NPs, suggesting that dissolution had a negligible influence on Cu uptake from the NPs under our experimental conditions. The physiological loss of 65Cu incorporated into tissues after exposures to 65CuO NPs was rapid over the first days of depuration and not detectable thereafter. As a result, large Cu body concentrations are expected in L. stagnalis after exposure to CuO NPs. To the degree that there is a link between bioaccumulation and toxicity, dietborne exposures to CuO NPs are likely to elicit adverse effects more readily than waterborne exposures.","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es5018703","usgsCitation":"Croteau, M.N., Misra, S., Luoma, S.N., and Valsami-Jones, E., 2014, Bioaccumulation and toxicity of CuO nanoparticles by a freshwater invertebrate after waterborne and dietborne exposures: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 48, no. 18, p. 10929-10937, https://doi.org/10.1021/es5018703.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"10929","endPage":"10937","ipdsId":"IP-056250","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294702,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294701,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es5018703"}],"volume":"48","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542d0986e4b092f17defc4c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Croteau, Marie Noele 0000-0003-0346-3580 mcroteau@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0346-3580","contributorId":895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Croteau","given":"Marie","email":"mcroteau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Noele","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Misra, Superb K.","contributorId":66188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Misra","given":"Superb K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Valsami-Jones, Eugenia","contributorId":26057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valsami-Jones","given":"Eugenia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70134478,"text":"70134478 - 2014 - An empirical approach to modeling methylmercury concentrations in an Adirondack stream watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-31T18:30:54.598283","indexId":"70134478","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-01T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2320,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An empirical approach to modeling methylmercury concentrations in an Adirondack stream watershed","docAbstract":"Inverse empirical models can inform and improve more complex process-based models by quantifying the principal factors that control water quality variation. Here we developed a multiple regression model that explains 81% of the variation in filtered methylmercury (FMeHg) concentrations in Fishing Brook, a fourth-order stream in the Adirondack Mountains, New York, a known “hot spot” of Hg bioaccumulation. This model builds on previous observations that wetland-dominated riparian areas are the principal source of MeHg to this stream and were based on 43 samples collected during a 33 month period in 2007–2009. Explanatory variables include those that represent the effects of water temperature, streamflow, and modeled riparian water table depth on seasonal and annual patterns of FMeHg concentrations. An additional variable represents the effects of an upstream pond on decreasing FMeHg concentrations. Model results suggest that temperature-driven effects on net Hg methylation rates are the principal control on annual FMeHg concentration patterns. Additionally, streamflow dilutes FMeHg concentrations during the cold dormant season. The model further indicates that depth and persistence of the riparian water table as simulated by TOPMODEL are dominant controls on FMeHg concentration patterns during the warm growing season, especially evident when concentrations during the dry summer of 2007 were less than half of those in the wetter summers of 2008 and 2009. This modeling approach may help identify the principal factors that control variation in surface water FMeHg concentrations in other settings, which can guide the appropriate application of process-based models.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Richmond, VA","usgsCitation":"Burns, D.A., Nystrom, E.A., Wolock, D.M., Bradley, P.M., and Riva-Murray, K., 2014, An empirical approach to modeling methylmercury concentrations in an Adirondack stream watershed: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, v. 119, no. 10, p. 1970-1984.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1970","endPage":"1984","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-050741","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296361,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":296324,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/enhanced/doi/10.1002/2013JG002481/"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Adirondack Mountains, Fishing Brook","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.35375213623047,\n 43.89492363306683\n ],\n [\n -74.18071746826172,\n 43.89492363306683\n ],\n [\n -74.18071746826172,\n 44.02195282780904\n ],\n [\n -74.35375213623047,\n 44.02195282780904\n ],\n [\n -74.35375213623047,\n 43.89492363306683\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"119","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"547ee2bae4b09357f05f8a3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burns, Douglas A. 0000-0001-6516-2869 daburns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-2869","contributorId":1237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Douglas","email":"daburns@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nystrom, Elizabeth A. 0000-0002-0886-3439 nystrom@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0886-3439","contributorId":1072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nystrom","given":"Elizabeth","email":"nystrom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wolock, David M. 0000-0002-6209-938X dwolock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"David","email":"dwolock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bradley, Paul M. 0000-0001-7522-8606 pbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Paul","email":"pbradley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Riva-Murray, Karen 0000-0001-6683-2238 krmurray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6683-2238","contributorId":2984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riva-Murray","given":"Karen","email":"krmurray@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70127620,"text":"70127620 - 2014 - Interannual observations and quantification of summertime H2O ice deposition on the Martian CO2 ice south polar cap","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-01T10:27:37","indexId":"70127620","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-01T10:05:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interannual observations and quantification of summertime H2O ice deposition on the Martian CO2 ice south polar cap","docAbstract":"The spectral signature of water ice was observed on Martian south polar cap in 2004 by the Observatoire pour l'Mineralogie, l'Eau les Glaces et l'Activite (OMEGA) ( Bibring et al., 2004). Three years later, the OMEGA instrument was used to discover water ice deposited during southern summer on the polar cap ( Langevin et al., 2007). However, temporal and spatial variations of these water ice signatures have remained unexplored, and the origins of these water deposits remains an important scientific question. To investigate this question, we have used observations from the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) instrument on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) spacecraft of the southern cap during austral summer over four Martian years to search for variations in the amount of water ice.
\nWe report below that for each year we have observed the cap, the magnitude of the H2O ice signature on the southern cap has risen steadily throughout summer, particularly on the west end of the cap. The spatial extent of deposition is in disagreement with the current best simulations of deposition of water ice on the south polar cap (Montmessin et al., 2007).
\nThis increase in water ice signatures is most likely caused by deposition of atmospheric H2O ice and a set of unusual conditions makes the quantification of this transport flux using CRISM close to ideal. We calculate a ‘minimum apparent‘ amount of deposition corresponding to a thin H2O ice layer of 0.2 mm (with 70% porosity). This amount of H2O ice deposition is 0.6–6% of the total Martian atmospheric water budget. We compare our ‘minimum apparent’ quantification with previous estimates.
\nThis deposition process may also have implications for the formation and stability of the southern CO2 ice cap, and therefore play a significant role in the climate budget of modern day Mars.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2014.08.039","usgsCitation":"Brown, A.J., Piqueux, S., and Titus, T.N., 2014, Interannual observations and quantification of summertime H2O ice deposition on the Martian CO2 ice south polar cap: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 405, p. 102-109, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2014.08.039.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"102","endPage":"109","ipdsId":"IP-052608","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472717,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1407.0111","text":"External Repository"},{"id":294700,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294670,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2014.08.039"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars South Pole","volume":"405","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542d098ee4b092f17defc543","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Adrian J.","contributorId":106032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Adrian","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piqueux, Sylvain","contributorId":56986,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Piqueux","given":"Sylvain","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7023,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":502527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Titus, Timothy N. 0000-0003-0700-4875 ttitus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0700-4875","contributorId":146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Titus","given":"Timothy","email":"ttitus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70249415,"text":"70249415 - 2014 - Detection of North American land cover change between 2005 and 2010 with 250m MODIS Data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-16T14:01:55.259032","indexId":"70249415","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-01T09:45:16","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5987,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detection of North American land cover change between 2005 and 2010 with 250m MODIS Data","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"ASPRS","usgsCitation":"Colditz, R., Pouliot, D., Llamas, R., Homer, C., Latifovic, R., Ressl, R., Meneses Tovar, C., Herneandez, A., and Richardson, K., 2014, Detection of North American land cover change between 2005 and 2010 with 250m MODIS Data: Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, v. 80, no. 10, p. 918-924.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"918","endPage":"924","ipdsId":"IP-057947","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":421700,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.asprs.org/publication/pers-archives/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":421820,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"North America","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": 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Ricardo","contributorId":330657,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Llamas","given":"Ricardo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78951,"text":"CONABIO, Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Homer, Collin 0000-0003-4755-8135","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4755-8135","contributorId":238918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Homer","given":"Collin","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":885541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Latifovic, Rasim","contributorId":330658,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Latifovic","given":"Rasim","affiliations":[{"id":78952,"text":"CCRS, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ressl, Rainer","contributorId":330659,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ressl","given":"Rainer","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78951,"text":"CONABIO, Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Meneses Tovar, Carmen","contributorId":330660,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meneses Tovar","given":"Carmen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78953,"text":"CONIFOR, Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Herneandez, Arturo","contributorId":330661,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Herneandez","given":"Arturo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78954,"text":"INEGI, Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Richardson, Karen","contributorId":330662,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Richardson","given":"Karen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78955,"text":"CEC, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70128281,"text":"70128281 - 2014 - An enhanced model of land water and energy for global hydrologic and earth-system studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-07T09:26:36","indexId":"70128281","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-01T09:24:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2344,"text":"Journal of Hydrometeorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An enhanced model of land water and energy for global hydrologic and earth-system studies","docAbstract":"LM3 is a new model of terrestrial water, energy, and carbon, intended for use in global hydrologic analyses and as a component of earth-system and physical-climate models. It is designed to improve upon the performance and to extend the scope of the predecessor Land Dynamics (LaD) and LM3V models by better quantifying the physical controls of climate and biogeochemistry and by relating more directly to components of the global water system that touch human concerns. LM3 includes multilayer representations of temperature, liquid water content, and ice content of both snowpack and macroporous soil–bedrock; topography-based description of saturated area and groundwater discharge; and transport of runoff to the ocean via a global river and lake network. Sensible heat transport by water mass is accounted throughout for a complete energy balance. Carbon and vegetation dynamics and biophysics are represented as in LM3V. In numerical experiments, LM3 avoids some of the limitations of the LaD model and provides qualitatively (though not always quantitatively) reasonable estimates, from a global perspective, of observed spatial and/or temporal variations of vegetation density, albedo, streamflow, water-table depth, permafrost, and lake levels. Amplitude and phase of annual cycle of total water storage are simulated well. Realism of modeled lake levels varies widely. The water table tends to be consistently too shallow in humid regions. Biophysical properties have an artificial stepwise spatial structure, and equilibrium vegetation is sensitive to initial conditions. Explicit resolution of thick (>100 m) unsaturated zones and permafrost is possible, but only at the cost of long (≫300 yr) model spinup times.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrometeorology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA","doi":"10.1175/JHM-D-13-0162.1","usgsCitation":"Milly, P., Malyshev, S.L., Shevliakova, E., Dunne, K.A., Findell, K.L., Gleeson, T., Liang, Z., Phillips, P., Stouffer, R.J., and Swenson, S., 2014, An enhanced model of land water and energy for global hydrologic and earth-system studies: Journal of Hydrometeorology, v. 15, p. 1739-1761, https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-13-0162.1.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"1739","endPage":"1761","numberOfPages":"23","ipdsId":"IP-054670","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472719,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-13-0162.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":294977,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294973,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-13-0162.1"},{"id":294974,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/full/10.1175/JHM-D-13-0162.1"}],"volume":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5435009ee4b0a4f4b46a2374","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milly, Paul C.D. 0000-0003-4389-3139 cmilly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4389-3139","contributorId":2119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milly","given":"Paul C.D.","email":"cmilly@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":502796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Malyshev, Sergey L.","contributorId":27810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malyshev","given":"Sergey","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shevliakova, Elena","contributorId":9596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shevliakova","given":"Elena","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dunne, Krista A. kadunne@usgs.gov","contributorId":3936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunne","given":"Krista","email":"kadunne@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Findell, Kirsten L.","contributorId":8404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Findell","given":"Kirsten","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gleeson, Tom","contributorId":81041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gleeson","given":"Tom","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Liang, Zhi","contributorId":12397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liang","given":"Zhi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Phillips, Peter","contributorId":10740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Stouffer, Ronald J.","contributorId":17172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stouffer","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Swenson, Sean","contributorId":58584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swenson","given":"Sean","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70123314,"text":"sir20145171 - 2014 - Use of stable isotopes of nitrogen and water to identify sources of nitrogen in three urban creeks of Durham, North Carolina, 2011-12","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-02T09:46:37","indexId":"sir20145171","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-01T09:21:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5171","title":"Use of stable isotopes of nitrogen and water to identify sources of nitrogen in three urban creeks of Durham, North Carolina, 2011-12","docAbstract":"A preliminary assessment of nitrate sources was conducted in three creeks that feed nutrient impaired Falls and Jordan Lakes in the vicinity of Durham County, North Carolina, from July 2011 to June 2012. Cabin Branch, Ellerbe Creek, and Third Fork Creek were sampled monthly to determine if sources of nitrate in surface water could be identified on the basis of their stable isotopic compositions. Land use differs in the drainage basins of the investigated creeks—the predominant land use in Cabin Branch Basin is forest, and the Ellerbe and Third Fork Creek Basins are predominantly developed urban areas. Total nutrient concentrations were below 1 milligram per liter (mg/L). All measured nitrate plus nitrite concentrations were below the North Carolina standard of 10 mg/L as nitrogen with the highest concentration of 0.363 mg/L measured in Third Fork Creek. Concentrations of ammonia were generally less than 0.1 mg/L as nitrogen in all creek samples. More than 50 percent of the total nitrogen measured in the creeks was in the form of organic nitrogen. Total phosphorus and orthophosphate concentrations in all samples were generally less than 0.2 mg/L as phosphorus. The isotopic composition of surface water (δ2HH20 and δ18OH2O) is similar to that of modern-day precipitation. During July and August 2011 and May and June 2012, surface-water samples displayed a seasonal difference in isotopic composition, indicating fractionation of isotopes as a result of evaporation and, potentially, mixing with local and regional groundwater. The dominant source of nitrate to Cabin Branch, Ellerbe Creek, and Third Fork Creek was the nitrification of soil nitrogen. Two stormflow samples in Ellerbe Creek and Third Fork Creek had nitrate sources that were a mixture of the nitrification of soil nitrogen and an atmospheric source that had bypassed some soil contact through impermeable surfaces within the drainage basin. No influence of a septic or wastewater source was found in Cabin Branch. Results from this study suggest that it is possible to distinguish sources of nitrogen and biogeochemical processes on nitrate using stable isotopes of nitrogen and oxygen in small creeks of Durham County, North Carolina.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145171","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Durham, Public Works Department, Stormwater Services Division","usgsCitation":"McSwain, K., Young, M.B., and Giorgino, M.L., 2014, Use of stable isotopes of nitrogen and water to identify sources of nitrogen in three urban creeks of Durham, North Carolina, 2011-12: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5171, vi, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145171.","productDescription":"vi, 22 p.","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-050802","costCenters":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294699,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145171.jpg"},{"id":294697,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5171/"},{"id":294698,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5171/pdf/sir2014-5171.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","county":"Durham County","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542d0990e4b092f17defc581","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McSwain, Kristen Bukowski","contributorId":74694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McSwain","given":"Kristen Bukowski","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Young, Megan B. 0000-0002-0229-4108 mbyoung@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0229-4108","contributorId":3315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"Megan","email":"mbyoung@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Giorgino, Mary L. giorgino@usgs.gov","contributorId":2242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giorgino","given":"Mary","email":"giorgino@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70123666,"text":"sir20105090T - 2014 - Sediment-hosted stratabound copper assessment of the Neoproterozoic Roan Group, central African copperbelt, Katanga Basin, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Zambia","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70123666,"text":"sir20105090T - 2014 - Sediment-hosted stratabound copper assessment of the Neoproterozoic Roan Group, central African copperbelt, Katanga Basin, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Zambia","indexId":"sir20105090T","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"chapter":"T","title":"Sediment-hosted stratabound copper assessment of the Neoproterozoic Roan Group, central African copperbelt, Katanga Basin, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Zambia"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70040436,"text":"sir20105090 - 2010 - Global mineral resource assessment","indexId":"sir20105090","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Global mineral resource assessment"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70040436,"text":"sir20105090 - 2010 - Global mineral resource assessment","indexId":"sir20105090","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Global mineral resource assessment"},"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-01T19:38:44.456522","indexId":"sir20105090T","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-01T08:59:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5090","chapter":"T","title":"Sediment-hosted stratabound copper assessment of the Neoproterozoic Roan Group, central African copperbelt, Katanga Basin, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Zambia","docAbstract":"This study estimates the location, quality, and quantity of undiscovered copper in stratabound deposits within the Neoproterozoic Roan Group of the Katanga Basin in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Zambia. The study area encompasses the Central African Copperbelt, the greatest sediment-hosted copper-cobalt province in the world, containing 152 million metric tons of copper in greater than 80 deposits. This study (1) delineates permissive areas (tracts) where undiscovered sediment-hosted stratabound copper deposits may occur within 2 kilometers of the surface, (2) provides a database of known sediment-hosted stratabound copper deposits and prospects, (3) estimates numbers of undiscovered deposits within these permissive tracts at several levels of confidence, and (4) provides probabilistic estimates of amounts of copper and mineralized rock that could be contained in undiscovered deposits within each tract. The assessment, conducted in January 2010 using a three-part form of mineral resource assessment, indicates that a substantial amount of undiscovered copper resources might occur in sediment-hosted stratabound copper deposits within the Roan Group in the Katanga Basin. Monte Carlo simulation results that combine grade and tonnage models with estimates of undiscovered deposits indicate that the mean estimate of undiscovered copper in the study area is 168 million metric tons, which is slightly greater than the known resources at 152 million metric tons. Furthermore, significant value can be expected from associated metals, particularly cobalt. Tracts in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) have potential to contain near-surface, undiscovered deposits. Monte Carlo simulation results indicate a mean value of 37 million metric tons of undiscovered copper may be present in significant prospects.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global mineral resource assessment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20105090T","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Council for Geosciences, South Africa","usgsCitation":"Zientek, M.L., Bliss, J.D., Broughton, D.W., Christie, M., Denning, P., Hayes, T.S., Hitzman, M., Horton, J.D., Frost-Killian, S., Jack, D.J., Master, S., Parks, H.L., Taylor, C.D., Wilson, A.B., Wintzer, N.E., and Woodhead, J., 2014, Sediment-hosted stratabound copper assessment of the Neoproterozoic Roan Group, central African copperbelt, Katanga Basin, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Zambia: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5090, Report: xi, 162 p.; 4 Plates: 17 x 11 inches; GIS Data; Appendix D, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105090T.","productDescription":"Report: xi, 162 p.; 4 Plates: 17 x 11 inches; GIS Data; Appendix D","numberOfPages":"178","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-052696","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294696,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20105090t.jpg"},{"id":294690,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5090/t/"},{"id":294695,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5090/t/downloads/sir2010-5090T_appendixD.zip","text":"Appendix D","size":"43 KB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"Appendix D"},{"id":294694,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5090/t/downloads/sir2010-5090T_GISdata.zip","text":"GIS Data","size":"1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"GIS Data"},{"id":294692,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5090/t/pdf/sir2010-5090T.pdf","text":"Report","size":"11.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":294693,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5090/t/pdf/sir2010-5090T_figures.pdf","size":"880 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia","otherGeospatial":"Katanga Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 24.2138671875,\n -12.768946439455943\n ],\n [\n 28.388671875,\n -12.768946439455943\n ],\n [\n 28.388671875,\n -9.947208977327021\n ],\n [\n 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Jon","contributorId":58203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodhead","given":"Jon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}} ,{"id":70133238,"text":"70133238 - 2014 - Accounting for false-positive acoustic detections of bats using occupancy models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-11-18T09:54:06","indexId":"70133238","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-01T01:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2163,"text":"Journal of Applied Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Accounting for false-positive acoustic detections of bats using occupancy models","docAbstract":"1. Acoustic surveys have become a common survey method for bats and other vocal taxa. Previous work shows that bat echolocation may be misidentified, but common analytic methods, such as occupancy models, assume that misidentifications do not occur. Unless rare, such misidentifications could lead to incorrect inferences with significant management implications.
\n\n
2. We fit a false-positive occupancy model to data from paired bat detector and mist-net surveys to estimate probability of presence when survey data may include false positives. We compared estimated occupancy and detection rates to those obtained from a standard occupancy model. We also derived a formula to estimate the probability that bats were present at a site given its detection history. As an example, we analysed survey data for little brown bats Myotis lucifugus from 135 sites in Washington and Oregon, USA.
\n\n
3. We estimated that at an unoccupied site, acoustic surveys had a 14% chance per night of producing spurious M. lucifugus detections. Estimated detection rates were higher and occupancy rates were lower under the false-positive model, relative to a standard occupancy model. Un-modelled false positives also affected inferences about occupancy at individual sites. For example, probability of occupancy at individual sites with acoustic detections but no captures ranged from 2% to 100% under the false-positive occupancy model, but was always 100% under a standard occupancy model.
\n\n
4. Synthesis and applications. Our results suggest that false positives sufficient to affect inferences may be common in acoustic surveys for bats. We demonstrate an approach that can estimate occupancy, regardless of the false-positive rate, when acoustic surveys are paired with capture surveys. Applications of this approach include monitoring the spread of White-Nose Syndrome, estimating the impact of climate change and informing conservation listing decisions. We calculate a site-specific probability of occupancy, conditional on survey results, which could inform local permitting decisions, such as for wind energy projects. More generally, the magnitude of false positives suggests that false-positive occupancy models can improve accuracy in research and monitoring of bats and provide wildlife managers with more reliable information.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/1365-2664.12303","usgsCitation":"Clement, M.J., Rodhouse, T., Ormsbee, P., Szewczak, J.M., and Nichols, J., 2014, Accounting for false-positive acoustic detections of bats using occupancy models: Journal of Applied Ecology, v. 51, no. 5, p. 1460-1467, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12303.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1460","endPage":"1467","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054795","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296031,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.76074218749999,\n 42.00032514831621\n ],\n [\n -124.76074218749999,\n 48.99463598353408\n ],\n [\n -116.69677734375,\n 48.99463598353408\n ],\n [\n -116.69677734375,\n 42.00032514831621\n ],\n [\n -124.76074218749999,\n 42.00032514831621\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"51","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5465d62ae4b04d4b7dbd652b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clement, Matthew J. mclement@usgs.gov","contributorId":5278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clement","given":"Matthew","email":"mclement@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":524942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodhouse, Thomas J.","contributorId":127378,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodhouse","given":"Thomas J.","affiliations":[{"id":6924,"text":"National Park Service, Upper Columbia Basin Network","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":524943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ormsbee, Patricia C.","contributorId":127379,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ormsbee","given":"Patricia C.","affiliations":[{"id":6925,"text":"US Forest Service, retired","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":524944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Szewczak, Joseph M.","contributorId":30127,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Szewczak","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6958,"text":"Department of Biological Sciences, Humboldt State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":524945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nichols, James D. 0000-0002-7631-2890 jnichols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James D.","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":524946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70142181,"text":"70142181 - 2014 - Depth gradients in food-web processes linking habitats in large lakes: Lake Superior as an exemplar ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-03T11:00:00","indexId":"70142181","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Depth gradients in food-web processes linking habitats in large lakes: Lake Superior as an exemplar ecosystem","docAbstract":"Evacuation of the population from a tsunami hazard zone is vital to reduce life-loss due to inundation. Geospatial least-cost distance modelling provides one approach to assessing tsunami evacuation potential. Previous models have generally used two static exposure scenarios and fixed travel speeds to represent population movement. Some analyses have assumed immediate departure or a common evacuation departure time for all exposed population. Here, a method is proposed to incorporate time-variable exposure, distributed travel speeds, and uncertain evacuation departure time into an existing anisotropic least-cost path distance framework. The method is demonstrated for hypothetical local-source tsunami evacuation in Napier City, Hawke's Bay, New Zealand. There is significant diurnal variation in pedestrian evacuation potential at the suburb level, although the total number of people unable to evacuate is stable across all scenarios. Whilst some fixed travel speeds approximate a distributed speed approach, others may overestimate evacuation potential. The impact of evacuation departure time is a significant contributor to total evacuation time. This method improves least-cost modelling of evacuation dynamics for evacuation planning, casualty modelling, and development of emergency response training scenarios. However, it requires detailed exposure data, which may preclude its use in many situations.
","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/nhess-14-2975-2014","usgsCitation":"Fraser, S.A., Wood, N.J., Johnston, D.A., Leonard, G.S., Greening, P.D., and Rossetto, T., 2014, Variable population exposure and distributed travel speeds in least-cost tsunami evacuation modelling: Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, v. 14, p. 2975-2991, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-2975-2014.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"2975","endPage":"2991","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056507","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472724,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-2975-2014","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":296159,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-11-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"546c763ee4b0f4a3478a61e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fraser, Stuart A.","contributorId":127468,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fraser","given":"Stuart","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6956,"text":"GNS Science/Massey University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, Nathan J. 0000-0002-6060-9729 nwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6060-9729","contributorId":3347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Nathan","email":"nwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnston, David A.","contributorId":64637,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnston","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6956,"text":"GNS Science/Massey University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Leonard, Graham S.","contributorId":127469,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leonard","given":"Graham","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":5111,"text":"GNS Science, New Zealand","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Greening, Paul D.","contributorId":127470,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Greening","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6957,"text":"University College London","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rossetto, Tiziana","contributorId":127471,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rossetto","given":"Tiziana","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6957,"text":"University College London","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ]}