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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1044D","usgsCitation":"Sorey, M., 1978, Numerical modeling of liquid geothermal systems: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1044, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1044D.","productDescription":"25 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":33843,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1044d/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":117947,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1044d/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db696864","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sorey, M.L.","contributorId":73185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorey","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":55273,"text":"wdrKS771 - 1978 - Water resources data for Kansas, water year 1977","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-05T15:18:58","indexId":"wdrKS771","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"KS-77-1","title":"Water resources data for Kansas, water year 1977","docAbstract":"Water resources data for the 1977 water year for Kansas consists of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water quality in wells. This report contains discharge records for 149 gaging stations; stage and contents for 20 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 77 gaging stations and 2 lakes; and water levels for 463 observation wells and water quality for 269 wells. Also included are data for 132 crest-stage partial-record stations and 23 low-flow partial-record stations. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Kansas.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrKS771","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1978, Water resources data for Kansas, water year 1977: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report KS-77-1, x, 618 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrKS771.","productDescription":"x, 618 p.","numberOfPages":"627","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":359196,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1977/ks-77-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":181209,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1977/ks-77-1/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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Part 4, California: FWS/OBS 77/16.4, 5 v. in 2 : ill., maps; 28 cm.","productDescription":"5 v. in 2 : ill., maps; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":184531,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db602277","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Corwin, R.","contributorId":95958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corwin","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":255529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heffernan, P.H.","contributorId":34590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heffernan","given":"P.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":255528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":4920,"text":"pp1081 - 1978 - Rock pushing and sampling under rocks on Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:43","indexId":"pp1081","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1081","title":"Rock pushing and sampling under rocks on Mars","docAbstract":"Viking Lander 2 acquired samples on Mars from beneath two rocks, where living organisms and organic molecules would be protected from ultraviolet radiation. Selection of rocks to be moved was based on scientific and engineering considerations, including rock size, rock shape, burial depth, and location in a sample field. Rock locations and topography were established using the computerized interactive video-stereophotogrammetric system and plotted on vertical profiles and in plan view. Sampler commands were developed and tested on Earth using a full-size lander and surface mock-up. The use of power by the sampler motor correlates with rock movements, which were by plowing, skidding, and rolling. \r\n\r\nProvenance of the samples was determined by measurements and interpretation of pictures and positions of the sampler arm. Analytical results demonstrate that the samples were, in fact, from beneath the rocks. Results from the Gas Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometer of the Molecular Analysis experiment and the Gas Exchange instrument of the Biology experiment indicate that more adsorbed(?) water occurs in samples under rocks than in samples exposed to the sun. This is consistent with terrestrial arid environments, where more moisture occurs in near-surface soil un- der rocks than in surrounding soil because the net heat flow is toward the soil beneath the rock and the rock cap inhibits evaporation. Inorganic analyses show that samples of soil from under the rocks have significantly less iron than soil exposed to the sun. \r\n\r\nThe scientific significance of analyses of samples under the rocks is only partly evaluated, but some facts are clear. Detectable quantities of martian organic molecules were not found in the sample from under a rock by the Molecular Analysis experiment. The Biology experiments did not find definitive evidence for Earth-like living organisms in their sample. Significant amounts of adsorbed water may be present in the martian regolith. The response of the soil from under a rock to the aqueous nutrient in the Gas Exchange instrument indicates that adsorbed water and hydrates play an important role in the oxidation potential of the soil. The rock surfaces are strong, because they did not scratch, chip or spall when the sampler pushed them. Fresh surfaces of soil and the undersides of rocks were exposed so that they could be imaged in color. A ledge of soil adhered to one rock that tilted, showing that a crust forms near the surface of Mars. The reason for low amounts of iron in the sampIes from under the rocks is not known at this time.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/pp1081","usgsCitation":"Moore, H., Liebes, S., Crouch, D., and Clark, L., 1978, Rock pushing and sampling under rocks on Mars: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1081, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1081.","productDescription":"21 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124996,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1081/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31784,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1081/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b436c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, H. J.","contributorId":71962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"H. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liebes, S. Jr.","contributorId":105290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liebes","given":"S.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crouch, D.S.","contributorId":74369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crouch","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clark, L.V.","contributorId":56637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"L.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":42495,"text":"ofr78285 - 1978 - Preliminary map of surficial deposits in the Shutesbury quadrangle, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-04T21:50:01.529282","indexId":"ofr78285","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-285","title":"Preliminary map of surficial deposits in the Shutesbury quadrangle, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78285","usgsCitation":"Stone, J., 1978, Preliminary map of surficial deposits in the Shutesbury quadrangle, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-285, Report: 6 p.; 1 Plate: 19.75 × 28.69 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78285.","productDescription":"Report: 6 p.; 1 Plate: 19.75 × 28.69 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":80251,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0285/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":80252,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0285/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":175675,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0285/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":396411,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74854.htm"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Shutesbury quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.5,\n 42.375\n ],\n [\n -72.375,\n 42.375\n ],\n [\n -72.375,\n 42.5\n ],\n [\n -72.5,\n 42.5\n ],\n [\n -72.5,\n 42.375\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d73b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stone, Janet Radway","contributorId":72793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Janet Radway","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":226589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":69604,"text":"i1033D - 1978 - Map showing amount of overburden of major coal zones in the Kaiparowits coal-basin area, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-01T18:38:01.355785","indexId":"i1033D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1033","chapter":"D","title":"Map showing amount of overburden of major coal zones in the Kaiparowits coal-basin area, Utah","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i1033D","isbn":"0607780142","usgsCitation":"Hansen, D.E., 1978, Map showing amount of overburden of major coal zones in the Kaiparowits coal-basin area, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 1033, 1 Plate: 44.15 x 39.18 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i1033D.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 44.15 x 39.18 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":493364,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_8900.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":256683,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1033d/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":256685,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1033d/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":256684,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1033d/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"125000","country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Kaiparowits coal-basin area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -112,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -111,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -111,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -112,\n 38\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a94e4b07f02db658f61","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hansen, Dan E.","contributorId":84770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Dan","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":11405,"text":"ofr78187 - 1978 - Characteristics of the Landsat Multispectral Data System","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-28T14:54:19","indexId":"ofr78187","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-187","title":"Characteristics of the Landsat Multispectral Data System","docAbstract":"Landsat satellites were launched into orbit in 1972 and 1975. Additional Landsat satellites are planned for launch in 1978 and 1981. The satellites orbit the Earth at an altitude of approximately 900 km and each can obtain repetitive coverage of cloud-free areas every 18 days. A sun-synchronous orbit is used to insure repeatable illumination conditions. Repetitive satellite coverage allows optimal cover conditions for geologic applications to be identified. Seasonal variations in solar illumination must be analyzed to select the best Landsat data for geologic applications. Landsat data may be viewed in stereo where there is sufficient sidelap and sufficient topographic relief. Landsat-1 ceased operation on January 10, 1978. Landsat-2 detects, only solar radiation that is reflected from the Earth's surface in visible and near-visible wavelengths. The third Landsat will also detect emitted thermal radiation. The multispectral scanner (MSS) was the only sensing instrument used on the first two satellites. The MSS on Landsats-1 and -2 detect radiation which is reflected from a 79 m by 79 m area, and the data are formatted as if the measurement was made from a 56 m by 79 m area.\r\n\r\nThe MSS integrates spectral response from all cover types within the 79 m by 79 m area. The integrated spectral signature often does not resemble the spectral signature from individual cover types, and the integrated signature is also modified by the atmosphere. Landsat-1 and -2 data are converted to 70 mm film and computer compatible tapes (CCT's) at Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC); these are shipped to the EROS Data Center (EDC) for duplication and distribution to users. Landsat-C data will be converted to 241 mm-wide film and CCT's at EDC. Landsat-D data will be relayed from the satellite directly to geosynchronous satellites and then to the United States from any location on Earth.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78187","usgsCitation":"Taranik, J.V., 1978, Characteristics of the Landsat Multispectral Data System: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-187, viii, 76 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78187.","productDescription":"viii, 76 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":142609,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0187/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":39228,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0187/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49cae4b07f02db5d766c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taranik, James V.","contributorId":67514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taranik","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":10844,"text":"ofr78428 - 1978 - Analyses of natural gases from Gulf of Mexico Outer Continental Shelf","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-14T22:50:58.604987","indexId":"ofr78428","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-428","title":"Analyses of natural gases from Gulf of Mexico Outer Continental Shelf","docAbstract":"This report contains analyses and related source data for natural gas samples from 32 fields in the Gulf of Mexico OCS (Outer Continental Shelf).
The interpretation of this data, along with analyses from other fields in Texas, is still in progress.
A method of evaluating the transferability of streamflow information by regional regression analysis was applied in Washington to several streamflow variables. The annual mean and annual standard deviation were chosen to represent the development potential of the water resource, while the mean, standard deviation, and the 50-year recurrence interval of the annual flood series were chosen to represent flood potential. Low-flow characteristics were not used because of the inability to model them by regression analysis. Ephemeral streams in the vicinity of the Columbia Plateau were ignored for the same reason.
The results of the study indicate that the standard errors of estimate of the regression relations were good approximations of the medians of the Bayesian distributions of estimates of inaccuracy and that for the streamflow variables used in the study, little if any improvement can be expected in the regression relations by the collection of additional streamflow data. Improved transferability of streamflow information for these variables has a prerequisite of more accurate information-transfer models.
It is therefore recommended that the future streamflow-data network contain only those streamflow stations needed to provide data for (1) the design or operation of water-resources projects, (2) the investigation and study of water resources, and (3) monitoring long-term trends in streamflow.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78272","usgsCitation":"Reheis, M.J., 1978, Drilling during 1977 in the Danforth Hills coal field, Easton Gulch and Devils Hole Gulch quadrangles, Moffat County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-272, Report: i, 29 p.; 1 Plate: 28.00 × 50.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78272.","productDescription":"Report: i, 29 p.; 1 Plate: 28.00 × 50.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":396412,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_14663.htm"},{"id":38611,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0272/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":143988,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0272/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":94994,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0272/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Moffat County","otherGeospatial":"Easton Gulch and Devils Hole Gulch quadrangles","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.883,\n 40.227\n ],\n [\n -108,\n 40.227\n ],\n [\n -108,\n 40.325\n ],\n [\n -107.883,\n 40.325\n ],\n [\n -107.883,\n 40.227\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5ee4b07f02db633d98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reheis, Marith J. 0000-0002-8359-323X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8359-323X","contributorId":9657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reheis","given":"Marith","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":10885,"text":"ofr78776 - 1978 - Preliminary sulfur isotope investigations of mineral deposits in the Precambrian shield, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-24T17:33:27.756937","indexId":"ofr78776","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-776","title":"Preliminary sulfur isotope investigations of mineral deposits in the Precambrian shield, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","docAbstract":"Massive sulfide deposits and sulfide-bearing veins in Saudi Arabia show a wide range in δ34S values from very negative to strongly positive and cover almost the entire range observed for ore deposits in nature.
Massive sulfide deposits that have very negative values (Wadi Wassat and Wadi Qatan) formed as syngenetic sedimentary deposits in stagnant, euxinic basins. Deposits that have large positive values (Khnaiguiyah and Al Amar) were formed by sea water hydrothermal systems.
Gold- and silver-bearing veins whose δ34S values fall near 0 permil (Mand adh Dhahab and Samrah) are believed to have derived both sulfur and metals from magmatic sources. Massive sulfide deposits whose δ34S values range from slightly negative to slightly positive (Kutam, Al Masane, Wadi Bidah, and Jabal Sayid) are thought to have been formed largely from sea water hydrothermal systems, though deep-seated contributions of sulfur cannot be ruled out. Some deposits in this group (Nuqrah and AT Ridayniyah) appear to have derived their sulfur from volcanic exhalative sources.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78776","usgsCitation":"Roberts, R.J., Rye, R.O., and Mawad, M.M., 1978, Preliminary sulfur isotope investigations of mineral deposits in the Precambrian shield, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-776, ii, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78776.","productDescription":"ii, 19 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":413414,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0776/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":145621,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0776/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 34.728029294132284,\n 28.99826069483788\n ],\n [\n 34.728029294132284,\n 17.221462718170713\n ],\n [\n 55.48802991062243,\n 17.221462718170713\n ],\n [\n 55.48802991062243,\n 28.99826069483788\n ],\n [\n 34.728029294132284,\n 28.99826069483788\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aabe4b07f02db669d9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roberts, Ralph Jackson","contributorId":63010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"Jackson","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rye, Robert O. rrye@usgs.gov","contributorId":1486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rye","given":"Robert","email":"rrye@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":162138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mawad, Mustafa M.","contributorId":43779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mawad","given":"Mustafa","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":11768,"text":"ofr78565 - 1978 - Petrophysical measurements across a uranium roll feature: Rajah-49 Mines, Gateway, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:36","indexId":"ofr78565","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-565","title":"Petrophysical measurements across a uranium roll feature: Rajah-49 Mines, Gateway, Colorado","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr78565","usgsCitation":"Wynn, J.C., and Brooks, R.A., 1978, Petrophysical measurements across a uranium roll feature: Rajah-49 Mines, Gateway, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-565, 54 leaves :ill. ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78565.","productDescription":"54 leaves :ill. ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":144722,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0565/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":39646,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0565/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adfe4b07f02db687c79","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wynn, Jeffrey C.","contributorId":81081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wynn","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brooks, Robert A.","contributorId":60645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":10850,"text":"ofr78231 - 1978 - Marine geotechnical data for North Pacific sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-03T10:53:51","indexId":"ofr78231","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-231","title":"Marine geotechnical data for North Pacific sediments","docAbstract":"Geotechnical data from the published and unpublished literature are compiled in SI units and tabulated in a standardized format. Eight data sets are presented from a geographic area approximately bounded by 5° and 32° north latitude and 120° and 170° west longitude. The data exist in machine-readable form in the data bank of the Marine Geotechnical Laboratory, Lehigh University.
\nIndividual geotechnical property data from cores collected from DOMES sites A, B, and C--including cores collected from the Deepsea Ventures mine site, are grouped and plotted against depth below the seafloor. A least-squares regression predictor equation for each grouped property related to depth is presented together with related statistical data for the equations. Low correlation coeficients for each of the predictor equations, except for \"undisturbed\" and remolded shear strength, suggest that improved predictor equations may result by grouping geotechnical data only for similar sediment types, rather than considering data from several large geographical areas grouped together without regard to differing sediment types within the areas.
\nThe objective of this investigation was to compile existing published, and unpublished marine geotechnical data in a standardized format, keypunched, and entered in the Marine Geotechnical Laboratory (MGL) data bank at Lehigh University. In addition, results of geotechnical analyses of DOMES and Deepsea Ventures cores performed in the MGL were synthesized by developing predictor equations for geotechnical properties of cores, related to a maximum depth below the seafloor of one meter, collected from DOMES sites A, B, and C, and from the Deepsea Ventures mine claim, which includes site C.
\nGeotechnical property data from cores collected on DOMES cruises RP-6- 0C-75 and RP- 8-0C- 76 and from cores provided by Deepsea Ventures, Inc. are presented in separate chapters in this open file report. Data from eight other sources are tabulated in this report. They are from analyses of cores collected in an area of the deep seafloor approximately bounded by 5° and 32° north latitude and 120° and 170° west longitude. This large area includes pelagic clay, calcareous ooze, and siliceous ooze (Frazer et al., 1972). More specific sediment data, which are related to metal content of pelagic nodules for the area, are summarized by Hartmann et al., (1973).
\nKeller and Bennett (1968) and Keller (1969) have reviewed the distribution of sediments, shear strength, water content, and bulk density for the entire North Pacific Ocean basin. These studies provide a regional review that is useful f or orientation before considering the geotechnical properties of the more limited area reported in this paper.
\n\n
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78231","usgsCitation":"Richards, A.F., 1978, Marine geotechnical data for North Pacific sediments: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-231, 203 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78231.","productDescription":"203 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":144828,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr78231.jpg"},{"id":316510,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0231/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ae4b07f02db606da8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richards, Adrian F.","contributorId":91114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richards","given":"Adrian","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":10928,"text":"ofr78372 - 1978 - A 500-volt pulse transmitter for ice sounding","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-25T19:26:03.621588","indexId":"ofr78372","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-372","title":"A 500-volt pulse transmitter for ice sounding","docAbstract":"
A high-voltage pulser developed by the U.S. Geological Survey for glacier soundings is a small battery-operated unit that weighs about one kg and was packaged in a case measuring 8.2 X 12 X 18.8 cm. It operates from an external 12 volt battery and supplies a 500-V pulse to a dipole antenna. The waveform changes shape only slightly for antenna impedances ranging from 20 ohms to thousands of ohms. Shunting a resistive load of 200 ohms with a capacitance of hundreds of pF causes only a very small rounding of the leading corner of the pulse. The pulse-rise time to the full voltage is about 100 nS and fall time to zero is about 150 nS. The 10 to 90-percent rise time is about 60 nS. The total pulse duration is adjustable from about 250 nS to about 1200 nS. Pulse-repetition rates range from 1000 to 10,000 pulses/sec. Maximum battery drain of 3 A occurs at the maximum repetition rate, and is less than 1 A at minimum-repetition rate.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78372","usgsCitation":"Roubique, C.J., 1978, A 500-volt pulse transmitter for ice sounding: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-372, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78372.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":427063,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0372/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":142395,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0372/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd493fe4b0b290850ef066","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roubique, Charles J.","contributorId":70760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roubique","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":10380,"text":"ofr78209 - 1978 - Geophysical data from the 1975 cruise of the NOAA ship Surveyor in northern Gulf of Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-12T17:53:33.243064","indexId":"ofr78209","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-209","title":"Geophysical data from the 1975 cruise of the NOAA ship Surveyor in northern Gulf of Alaska","docAbstract":"In April and Flay 1975, a U.S. Geological Survey marine geology field party under the leadership of Bruce F. Molnia and Paul R. Carlson collected geophysical data from the N.O.A.A. ship Surveyor. The cruise, which consisted of 3 legs, studied the area between Cross Sound and Seward (Figure 1). Maps 1, 2, and 3 (scale 1:250,000) show the location of track lines and ship positions for the 3 legs.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78209","usgsCitation":"Molnia, B., Carlson, P.R., and Wright, L.H., 1978, Geophysical data from the 1975 cruise of the NOAA ship Surveyor in northern Gulf of Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-209, Report: i, 42 p.; 4 Plates: 65.39 x 34.62 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78209.","productDescription":"Report: i, 42 p.; 4 Plates: 65.39 x 34.62 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":427750,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0209/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":427749,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0209/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":427748,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0209/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":427747,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0209/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":427746,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0209/report.pdf"},{"id":142317,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0209/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":409082,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_14642.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -136.5,\n 60.5\n ],\n [\n -149.646,\n 60.5\n ],\n [\n -149.646,\n 57.75\n ],\n [\n -136.5,\n 57.75\n ],\n [\n -136.5,\n 60.5\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67c1c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Molnia, Bruce","contributorId":92638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Molnia","given":"Bruce","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carlson, Paul R.","contributorId":81469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wright, Lisa H.","contributorId":81101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":11162,"text":"ofr781075 - 1978 - The Willits, California, magnitude-4.8 earthquake of November 22, 1977","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-26T20:16:07.735348","indexId":"ofr781075","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-1075","title":"The Willits, California, magnitude-4.8 earthquake of November 22, 1977","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr781075","usgsCitation":"Simon, R.B., Pampeyan, E.H., and Stover, C.W., 1978, The Willits, California, magnitude-4.8 earthquake of November 22, 1977: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-1075, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr781075.","productDescription":"24 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394909,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_14583.htm"},{"id":38924,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/1075/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":145100,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/1075/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Willits","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.41011047363281,\n 39.35022841846271\n ],\n [\n -123.3050537109375,\n 39.35022841846271\n ],\n [\n -123.3050537109375,\n 39.44785903194701\n ],\n [\n -123.41011047363281,\n 39.44785903194701\n ],\n [\n -123.41011047363281,\n 39.35022841846271\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d56c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simon, Ruth B.","contributorId":9235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simon","given":"Ruth","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pampeyan, Earl Haig","contributorId":52974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pampeyan","given":"Earl","email":"","middleInitial":"Haig","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stover, Carl W.","contributorId":28955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stover","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":10875,"text":"ofr7829 - 1978 - Ground water withdrawn for municipal, industrial, and irrigation use in the Upper Peace and Alafia River basins, west-central Florida, 1970-74","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:33","indexId":"ofr7829","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-29","title":"Ground water withdrawn for municipal, industrial, and irrigation use in the Upper Peace and Alafia River basins, west-central Florida, 1970-74","docAbstract":"Data are presented for ground-water withdrawals for municipal, industrial and irrigation use in the upper Peace and Alafia River basins during 1970-71. Within the 1,160-square-mile study area, the principal source of ground water is the Floridan aquifer. Methods used to determine ground-water withdrawal include: metering water use; relating measured well discharge to power consumption of pumping time; and relating water use to phosphate production, citrus irrigation or processing. About 90 percent of municipal pumpage is metered, and annual pumpage increased from 11,165 million gallons in 1970 to 13,455 in 1974. Water use per ton of phosphate produced is estimated to be 3,320 gallons per ton prior to 1971 and 2,460 gallons per ton from 1971 through 1974. Estimated ground-eater use by the phosphate industry has declined from 93.3 billion gallons in 1970 to 78.7 in 1974. Citrus irrigation pumpage is obtained by extrapolating pumpage obtained from pilot areas of unmeasured areas and has declined from 33.4 billion gallons in 1970 to 31.3 in 1974. The citrus processing industry used about 4.9 billion gallons in 1970 and about 5.9 in 1974. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr7829","isbn":"pbk","usgsCitation":"Robertson, A.F., Mills, L.R., and Parsons, D., 1978, Ground water withdrawn for municipal, industrial, and irrigation use in the Upper Peace and Alafia River basins, west-central Florida, 1970-74: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-29, iv, 68 p. :ill., maps ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7829.","productDescription":"iv, 68 p. :ill., maps ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143689,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":94472,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015018204951?urlappend=%3Bseq=3"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d6de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robertson, Alton F.","contributorId":71177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Alton","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mills, L. R.","contributorId":26281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mills","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parsons, D.C.","contributorId":16413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}