A one-dimensional diffusion analogy model for estimating tide heights in coastal marshes was developed and calibrated by using data from previous tidal-marsh studies. The method is simpler to use than other one- and two-dimensional hydrodynamic models because it does not require marsh depth and tidal prism information; however, the one-dimensional diffusion analogy model cannot be used to estimate tide heights, flow velocities, and tide arrival times for tide conditions other than the highest tide for which it is calibrated. Limited validation of the method indicates that it has an accuracy within 0.3 feet. The method can be applied with limited calibration information that is based entirely on remote sensing or geographic information system data layers. The method can be used to estimate high-tide heights in tidal wetlands drained by tide gates where tide levels cannot be observed directly by opening the gates without risk of flooding properties and structures. A geographic information system application of the method is demonstrated for Sybil Creek marsh in Branford, Connecticut. The tidal flux into this marsh is controlled by two tide gates that prevent full tidal inundation of the marsh. The method application shows reasonable tide heights for the gates-closed condition (the normal condition) and the one-gate-open condition on the basis of comparison with observed heights. The condition with all tide gates open (two gates) was simulated with the model; results indicate where several structures would be flooded if the gates were removed as part of restoration efforts or if the tide gates were to fail.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135076","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Bjerklie, D.M., O’Brien, Kevin, and Rozsa, Ron, 2013, A one-dimensional diffusion analogy model for estimation of tide heights in selected tidal marshes in Connecticut (ver. 1.1, December 2019): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013–5076, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135076.","productDescription":"iv, 17 p.","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273622,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5076/index.html"},{"id":370389,"rank":4,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5076/versionhist.txt","size":"485 B","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":273623,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5076/sir20135076.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.60 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2013-5076"},{"id":273624,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5076/coverthb2.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut","otherGeospatial":"Leetes Island, Pine Creek, Sybil Creek, Wilson Cove Marshes","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73.5,41 ], [ -73.5,41.6 ], [ -72.3,41.6 ], [ -72.3,41 ], [ -73.5,41 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.1: December 30, 2019; Version 1.0 June 11, 2013","contact":"Director, New England Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
10 Bearfoot Road
Northborough, MA 01532
America has an abundance of natural resources. We have bountiful clean water, fertile soil, and unrivaled national parks, wildlife refuges, and public lands. These resources enrich our lives and preserve our health and wellbeing. These resources have been maintained because of our history of respect for their value and an enduring commitment to their vigilant protection. Awareness of the social, economic, and personal value of the health of our environment is increasing. The emergence of environmentally driven diseases caused by exposure to contaminants and pathogens is a growing concern worldwide. New health threats and patterns of established threats are affected by both natural and anthropogenic changes to the environment. Human activities are key drivers of emerging (new and re-emerging) health threats. Societal demands for land and natural resources, quality of life, and economic prosperity lead to environmental change. Natural earth processes, climate trends, and related climatic events will compound the environmental impact of human activities. These environmental drivers will influence exposure to disease agents, including viral, bacterial, prion, and fungal pathogens, parasites, synthetic chemicals and substances, natural earth materials, toxins, and other biogenic compounds.
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) defines environmental health science broadly as the interdisciplinary study of relations among the quality of the physical environment, the health of the living environment, and human health. The interactions among these three spheres are driven by human activities, ecological processes, and natural earth processes; the interactions affect exposure to contaminants and pathogens and the severity of environmentally driven diseases in animals and people. This definition provides USGS with a framework for synthesizing natural science information from across the Bureau and providing it to environmental, natural resource, agricultural, and public health managers.
USGS specializes in science at the environment-health interface, by characterizing the processes that affect the interaction among the physical environment, the living environment, and people, and the resulting factors that affect ecological and human exposure to disease agents. The USGS is a Federal science agency with a broad range of natural science expertise relevant to environmental health. USGS provides scientific information and tools as a scientific basis for management and policy decisionmaking.
This report describes a 10-year strategy that encompasses the portfolio of USGS environmental health science. It summarizes national environmental health priorities that USGS is best suited to address, and will serve as a strategic framework for USGS environmental health science goals, actions, and outcomes for the next decade. Implementation of this strategy is intended to aid coordination of USGS environmental health activities and to provide a focal point for disseminating information to stakeholders.
The “One Health” paradigm advocated by the World Health Organization (WHO; World Health Organization, 2011), and the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA; American Veterinary Medical Association, 2008), among others, is based on a general recognition that the health of humans, animals, and the environment are inextricably linked. Thus, successful efforts to protect that health will require increased interdisciplinary research and increased communication and collaboration among the broader scientific and health community. This strategy is built upon that paradigm.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1383E","usgsCitation":"Bright, P.R., Buxton, H.T., Balistrieri, L.S., Barber, L.B., Chapelle, F.H., Cross, P.C., Krabbenhoft, D.P., Plumlee, G.S., Sleeman, J.M., Tillitt, D.E., Toccalino, P.L., and Winton, J.R., 2013, U.S. Geological Survey environmental health science strategy—Providing environmental health science for a changing world: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1383–E, 43 p.","productDescription":"viii, 43 p.","numberOfPages":"56","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":264,"text":"Environmental Health","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270902,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir1383e.gif"},{"id":270900,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1383e/circ1383-E.pdf","text":"Report","size":"12.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"CIR 1383-E"}],"contact":"Environmental Health
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
This report expands the Water Science Strategy that began with the USGS Science Strategy, “Facing Tomorrow’s Challenges—U.S. Geological Survey Science in the Decade 2007–2017” (U.S. Geological Survey, 2007). This report looks at the relevant issues facing society and develops a strategy built around observing, understanding, predicting, and delivering water science for the next 5 to 10 years by building new capabilities, tools, and delivery systems to meet the Nation’s water-resource needs. This report begins by presenting the vision of water science for the USGS and the societal issues that are influenced by, and in turn influence, the water resources of our Nation. The essence of the Water Science Strategy is built on the concept of “water availability,” defined as spatial and temporal distribution of water quantity and quality, as related to human and ecosystem needs, as affected by human and natural influences. The report also describes the core capabilities of the USGS in water science—the strengths, partnerships, and science integrity that the USGS has built over its 134-year history.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1383G","usgsCitation":"Evenson, E.J., Orndorff, R.C., Blome, C.D., Böhlke, J.K., Hershberger, P.K., Langenheim, V.E., McCabe, G.J., Morlock, S.E., Reeves, H.W., Verdin, J.P., Weyers, H.S., and Wood, T.M., 2013, U.S. Geological Survey water science strategy—Observing, understanding, predicting, and delivering water science to the Nation: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1383–G, 49 p.","productDescription":"x, 49 p.","numberOfPages":"63","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270899,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir1383g.gif"},{"id":270898,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1383g/circ1383-G.pdf","text":"Report","size":"12.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"CIR 1383-G"}],"contact":"Water Resources
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
Ecosystem science is critical to making informed decisions about natural resources that can sustain our Nation’s economic and environmental well-being. Resource managers and policymakers are faced with countless decisions each year at local, regional, and national levels on issues as diverse as renewable and nonrenewable energy development, agriculture, forestry, water supply, and resource allocations at the urban-rural interface. The urgency for sound decisionmaking is increasing dramatically as the world is being transformed at an unprecedented pace and in uncertain directions. Environmental changes are associated with natural hazards, greenhouse gas emissions, and increasing demands for water, land, food, energy, mineral, and living resources. At risk is the Nation’s environmental capital, the goods and services provided by resilient ecosystems that are vital to the health and wellbeing of human societies. Ecosystem science—the study of systems of organisms interacting with their environment and the consequences of natural and human-induced change on these systems—is necessary to inform decisionmakers as they develop policies to adapt to these changes.
This Ecosystems Science Strategy is built on a framework that includes basic and applied science. It highlights the critical roles that U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists and partners can play in building scientific understanding and providing timely information to decisionmakers. The strategy underscores the connection between scientific discoveries and the application of new knowledge, and it integrates ecosystem science and decisionmaking, producing new scientific outcomes to assist resource managers and providing public benefits. We envision the USGS as a leader in integrating scientific information into decisionmaking processes that affect the Nation’s natural resources and human well-being.
The USGS is uniquely positioned to play a pivotal role in ecosystem science. With its wide range of expertise, the Bureau can bring holistic, cross-scale, interdisciplinary capabilities to the design and conduct of monitoring, research, and modeling and to new technologies for data collection, management, and visualization. Collectively, these capabilities can be used to reveal ecological patterns and processes, explain how and why ecosystems change, and forecast change over different spatial and temporal scales. USGS science can provide managers with options and decision-support tools to use resources sustainably. The USGS has long-standing, collaborative relationships with the Department of the Interior (DOI) and other partners in the natural sciences, in both conducting science and applying the results. The USGS engages these partners in cooperative investigations that otherwise would lack the necessary support or be too expensive for a single bureau to conduct.
The heart of this strategy is a framework for USGS ecosystems science that focuses on five long-term goals, which are seen as interconnected components that reinforce our vision of the USGS providing science that is at the forefront of decisionmaking:
Closely integrated with the five goals are four strategic approaches that provide the path forward for the USGS Ecosystems Mission Area. These approaches cross-cut all of the goals and are seen as essential to the implementation of this strategy:
Following the four strategic approaches are a set of proposed actions that represent a sampling of specific USGS activities that align with this strategy and that address the Nation’s most pressing environmental needs.
The strategy emphasizes coordination of activities across the USGS mission areas pursuant to these goals. Ecosystem science is inherently interdisciplinary and requires a broad perspective that incorporates the biological and physical sciences, climate science, information technology, and scientific capacity in mission areas across the Bureau. With its emphasis on coordination, this strategy can provide a critical underpinning for integrated science efforts with scientists from multiple mission areas of the USGS working together. Of course, the USGS will continue to conduct discipline-specific and interdisciplinary investigations, and both will continue to be vital parts of the ecosystem science portfolio.
Finally, the strategy stresses the importance of coordination with other Federal agencies and organizations in the natural resources community. The USGS collaborates with resource agencies in the DOI and other organizations throughout the world to meet societal needs for species and ecosystem management. Working with these agencies and organizations, the USGS will play a key role in guiding sound decisionmaking during the next decade by advancing the scientific foundation for sustaining the natural resources that diverse, productive, resilient ecosystems provide.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1383C","usgsCitation":"Williams, B.K., Wingard, G.L., Brewer, Gary, Cloern, J.E., Gelfenbaum, Guy, Jacobson, R.B., Kershner, J.L., McGuire, A.D., Nichols, J.D., Shapiro, C.D., van Riper III, Charles, and White, R.P., 2013, U.S. Geological Survey ecosystems science strategy—Advancing discovery and application through collaboration: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1383–C, 43 p.","productDescription":"vii, 43 p.","numberOfPages":"56","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":251,"text":"Ecosystems Mission Area","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270889,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir1383c.gif"},{"id":270886,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1383c/circ1383-C.pdf","text":"Report","size":"16.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"CIR 1383-C"}],"contact":"Ecosystems
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
Core Science Systems is a new mission of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) that resulted from the 2007 Science Strategy, “Facing Tomorrow’s Challenges: U.S. Geological Survey Science in the Decade 2007–2017.” This report describes the Core Science Systems vision and outlines a strategy to facilitate integrated characterization and understanding of the complex Earth system. The vision and suggested actions are bold and far-reaching, describing a conceptual model and framework to enhance the ability of the USGS to bring its core strengths to bear on pressing societal problems through data integration and scientific synthesis across the breadth of science.
The context of this report is inspired by a direction set forth in the 2007 Science Strategy. Specifically, ecosystem-based approaches provide the underpinnings for essentially all science themes that define the USGS. Every point on Earth falls within a specific ecosystem where data, other information assets, and the expertise of USGS and its many partners can be employed to quantitatively understand how that ecosystem functions and how it responds to natural and anthropogenic disturbances. Every benefit society obtains from the planet— food, water, raw materials to build infrastructure, homes and automobiles, fuel to heat homes and cities, and many others— are derived from or affect ecosystems.
The vision for Core Science Systems builds on core strengths of the USGS in characterizing and understanding complex Earth and biological systems through research, modeling, mapping, and the production of high quality data on the Nation’s natural resource infrastructure. Together, these research activities provide a foundation for ecosystem-based approaches through geologic mapping, topographic mapping, and biodiversity mapping. The vision describes a framework founded on these core mapping strengths that makes it easier for USGS scientists to discover critical information, share and publish results, and identify potential collaborations that transcend all USGS missions. The framework is designed to improve the efficiency of scientific work within USGS by establishing a means to preserve and recall data for future applications, organizing existing scientific knowledge and data to facilitate new use of older information, and establishing a future workflow that naturally integrates new data, applications, and other science products to make interdisciplinary research easier and more efficient. Given the increasing need for integrated data and interdisciplinary approaches to solve modern problems, leadership by the Core Science Systems mission will facilitate problem solving by all USGS missions in ways not formerly possible.
The report lays out a strategy to achieve this vision through three goals with accompanying objectives and actions. The first goal builds on and enhances the strengths of the Core Science Systems mission in characterizing and understanding the Earth system from the geologic framework to the topographic characteristics of the land surface and biodiversity across the Nation. The second goal enhances and develops new strengths in computer and information science to make it easier for USGS scientists to discover data and models, share and publish results, and discover connections between scientific information and knowledge. The third goal brings additional focus to research and development methods to address complex issues affecting society that require integration of knowledge and new methods for synthesizing scientific information. Collectively, the report lays out a strategy to create a seamless connection between all USGS activities to accelerate and make USGS science more efficient by fully integrating disciplinary expertise within a new and evolving science paradigm for a changing world in the 21st century.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1383B","usgsCitation":"Bristol, R.S., Euliss, N.H., Jr., Booth, N.L., Burkardt, Nina, Diffendorfer, J.E., Gesch, D.B., McCallum, B.E., Miller, D.M., Morman, S.A., Poore, B.S., Signell, R.P., and Viger, R.J., 2013, U.S. Geological Survey core science systems strategy—Characterizing, synthesizing, and understanding the critical zone through a modular science framework: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1383–B, 33 p.","productDescription":"vi, 33 p.","numberOfPages":"44","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37226,"text":"Core Science Analytics, Synthesis, and Libraries","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270895,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir1383b.gif"},{"id":270890,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1383b/circ1383-B.pdf","text":"Report","size":"16.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"CIR 1383-B"}],"country":"United States","contact":"Core Science Systems
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
This is the fiftieth in a series of annual reports that describe groundwater conditions in Utah. Reports in this series, published cooperatively by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights, and the Utah Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Water Quality, provide data to enable interested parties to maintain awareness of changing groundwater conditions.
This report, like the others in the series, contains information on well construction, groundwater withdrawals from wells, water-level changes, precipitation, streamflow, and chemical quality of water. Information on well construction included in this report refers only to wells constructed for new appropriations of groundwater. Supplementary data are included in reports of this series only for those years or areas that are important to a discussion of changing groundwater conditions and for which applicable data are available.
This report includes individual discussions of selected significant areas of groundwater development in the State for calendar year 2012. Most of the reported data were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights, and the Utah Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Water Quality. This report is also available online at http://www.waterrights.utah.gov/techinfo/ and http://ut.water. usgs.gov/publications/GW2013.pdf. Groundwater conditions in Utah for calendar year 2011 are reported in Burden and others (2012) and available online at http://ut.water.usgs.gov/ publications/GW2012.pdf
","language":"English","publisher":"Utah Department of Natural Resources","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights, and Utah Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Water Quality","usgsCitation":"Burden, C.B., Birken, A.S., Derrick, V.N., Fisher, M.J., Holt, C.M., Downhour, P., Smith, L., Eacret, R.J., Gibson, T.L., Slaugh, B.A., Whittier, N.R., Howells, J.H., and Christiansen, H.K., 2013, Groundwater conditions in Utah, spring of 2013: Cooperative Investigations Report 54, x, 118 p.","productDescription":"x, 118 p.","numberOfPages":"132","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":364060,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://waterrights.utah.gov/techinfo/wwwpub/GW2013.pdf"},{"id":333543,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58833023e4b0d00231637798","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burden, Carole B. cburden@usgs.gov","contributorId":852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burden","given":"Carole","email":"cburden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":659192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Birken, Adam S.","contributorId":178617,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Birken","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Derrick, V. Noah","contributorId":178618,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Derrick","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"Noah","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fisher, Martel J. mjfisher@usgs.gov","contributorId":4410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Martel","email":"mjfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":660131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Holt, Christopher M.","contributorId":178613,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holt","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Downhour, Paul downhour@usgs.gov","contributorId":968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downhour","given":"Paul","email":"downhour@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":660133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Smith, Lincoln","contributorId":178614,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Lincoln","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Eacret, Robert J. rjeacret@usgs.gov","contributorId":971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eacret","given":"Robert","email":"rjeacret@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":660135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Gibson, Travis L.","contributorId":178615,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gibson","given":"Travis","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Slaugh, Bradley A. baslaugh@usgs.gov","contributorId":966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slaugh","given":"Bradley","email":"baslaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":660137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Whittier, Nickolas R.","contributorId":178616,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whittier","given":"Nickolas","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Howells, James H. jhowells@usgs.gov","contributorId":969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howells","given":"James","email":"jhowells@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":660139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Christiansen, Howard K.","contributorId":47830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christiansen","given":"Howard","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70179706,"text":"70179706 - 2013 - Mass-balance modeling of mineral weathering rates and CO2 consumption in the forested, metabasaltic Hauver Branch watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-13T09:58:08","indexId":"70179706","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1425,"text":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mass-balance modeling of mineral weathering rates and CO2 consumption in the forested, metabasaltic Hauver Branch watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, USA","docAbstract":"Mineral weathering rates and a forest macronutrient uptake stoichiometry were determined for the forested, metabasaltic Hauver Branch watershed in north-central Maryland, USA. Previous studies of Hauver Branch have had an insufficient number of analytes to permit determination of rates of all the minerals involved in chemical weathering, including biomass. More equations in the mass-balance matrix were added using existing mineralogic information. The stoichiometry of a deciduous biomass term was determined using multi-year weekly to biweekly stream-water chemistry for a nearby watershed, which drains relatively unreactive quartzite bedrock.
At Hauver Branch, calcite hosts ~38 mol% of the calcium ion (Ca2+) contained in weathering minerals, but its weathering provides ~90% of the stream water Ca2+. This occurs in a landscape with a regolith residence time of more than several Ka (kiloannum). Previous studies indicate that such old regolith does not typically contain dissolving calcite that affects stream Ca2+/Na+ ratios. The relatively high calcite dissolution rate likely reflects dissolution of calcite in fractures of the deep critical zone.
Of the carbon dioxide (CO2) consumed by mineral weathering, calcite is responsible for approximately 27%, with the silicate weathering consumption rate far exceeding that of the global average. The chemical weathering of mafic terrains in decaying orogens thus may be capable of influencing global geochemical cycles, and therefore, climate, on geological timescales. Based on carbon-balance calculations, atmospheric-derived sulfuric acid is responsible for approximately 22% of the mineral weathering occurring in the watershed. Our results suggest that rising air temperatures, driven by global warming and resulting in higher precipitation, will cause the rate of chemical weathering in the Hauver Branch watershed to increase until a threshold temperature is reached. Beyond the threshold temperature, increased recharge would produce a shallower groundwater table and reduced chemical weathering rates.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/esp.3373","usgsCitation":"Rice, K.C., Price, J.R., and Szymanski, D.W., 2013, Mass-balance modeling of mineral weathering rates and CO2 consumption in the forested, metabasaltic Hauver Branch watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, USA: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 38, no. 8, p. 859-875, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3373.","startPage":"859","endPage":"875","ipdsId":"IP-033606","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333126,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Hauver Branch Watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.48554229736328,\n 39.58478849832906\n ],\n [\n -77.48554229736328,\n 39.65249114993853\n ],\n [\n -77.39696502685547,\n 39.65249114993853\n ],\n [\n -77.39696502685547,\n 39.58478849832906\n ],\n [\n -77.48554229736328,\n 39.58478849832906\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-01-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5878a491e4b04df303d9581e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rice, Karen C. 0000-0002-9356-5443 kcrice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9356-5443","contributorId":178269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Karen","email":"kcrice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":37280,"text":"Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center ","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":658359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Price, Jason R.","contributorId":178278,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Price","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Szymanski, David W.","contributorId":178281,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Szymanski","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70173470,"text":"70173470 - 2013 - Between- and within-lake responses of macrophyte richness metrics to shoreline developmen","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-17T13:52:01","indexId":"70173470","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-07T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2592,"text":"Lake and Reservoir Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Between- and within-lake responses of macrophyte richness metrics to shoreline developmen","docAbstract":"Aquatic habitat in littoral environments can be affected by residential development of shoreline areas. We evaluated the relationship between macrophyte richness metrics and shoreline development to quantify indicator response at 2 spatial scales for Minnesota lakes. First, the response of total, submersed, and sensitive species to shoreline development was evaluated within lakes to quantify macrophyte response as a function of distance to the nearest dock. Within-lake analyses using generalized linear mixed models focused on 3 lakes of comparable size with a minimal influence of watershed land use. Survey points farther from docks had higher total species richness and presence of species sensitive to disturbance. Second, between-lake effects of shoreline development on total, submersed, emergent-floating, and sensitive species were evaluated for 1444 lakes. Generalized linear models were developed for all lakes and stratified subsets to control for lake depth and watershed land use. Between-lake analyses indicated a clear response of macrophyte richness metrics to increasing shoreline development, such that fewer emergent-floating and sensitive species were correlated with increasing density of docks. These trends were particularly evident for deeper lakes with lower watershed development. Our results provide further evidence that shoreline development is associated with degraded aquatic habitat, particularly by illustrating the response of macrophyte richness metrics across multiple lake types and different spatial scales.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/10402381.2013.828806","usgsCitation":"Beck, M.W., Vondracek, B.C., and Hatch, L.K., 2013, Between- and within-lake responses of macrophyte richness metrics to shoreline developmen: Lake and Reservoir Management, v. 29, no. 3, p. 179-193, https://doi.org/10.1080/10402381.2013.828806.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"179","endPage":"193","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-043467","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473346,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10402381.2013.828806","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":323903,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"29","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57651f31e4b07657d19c7886","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beck, Marcus W.","contributorId":172025,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beck","given":"Marcus","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vondracek, Bruce C. bcv@usgs.gov","contributorId":904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vondracek","given":"Bruce","email":"bcv@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hatch, Lorin K.","contributorId":172101,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hatch","given":"Lorin","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70173462,"text":"70173462 - 2013 - Estimating spatial and temporal components of variation in count data using negative binomial mixed models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-17T14:27:35","indexId":"70173462","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-12T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating spatial and temporal components of variation in count data using negative binomial mixed models","docAbstract":"Partitioning total variability into its component temporal and spatial sources is a powerful way to better understand time series and elucidate trends. The data available for such analyses of fish and other populations are usually nonnegative integer counts of the number of organisms, often dominated by many low values with few observations of relatively high abundance. These characteristics are not well approximated by the Gaussian distribution. We present a detailed description of a negative binomial mixed-model framework that can be used to model count data and quantify temporal and spatial variability. We applied these models to data from four fishery-independent surveys of Walleyes Sander vitreus across the Great Lakes basin. Specifically, we fitted models to gill-net catches from Wisconsin waters of Lake Superior; Oneida Lake, New York; Saginaw Bay in Lake Huron, Michigan; and Ohio waters of Lake Erie. These long-term monitoring surveys varied in overall sampling intensity, the total catch of Walleyes, and the proportion of zero catches. Parameter estimation included the negative binomial scaling parameter, and we quantified the random effects as the variations among gill-net sampling sites, the variations among sampled years, and site × year interactions. This framework (i.e., the application of a mixed model appropriate for count data in a variance-partitioning context) represents a flexible approach that has implications for monitoring programs (e.g., trend detection) and for examining the potential of individual variance components to serve as response metrics to large-scale anthropogenic perturbations or ecological changes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2012.728163","usgsCitation":"Irwin, B.J., Wagner, T., Bence, J., Kepler, M.V., Liu, W., and Hayes, D.B., 2013, Estimating spatial and temporal components of variation in count data using negative binomial mixed models: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 142, no. 1, p. 171-183, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2012.728163.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"171","endPage":"183","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-031058","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323918,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa, Maine, Michigan, Ohio, 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\"}}]}","volume":"142","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57651f33e4b07657d19c7894","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Irwin, Brian J. 0000-0002-0666-2641 bjirwin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0666-2641","contributorId":4037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"Brian","email":"bjirwin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":639609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wagner, Tyler 0000-0003-1726-016X twagner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1726-016X","contributorId":1050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Tyler","email":"twagner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bence, James R.","contributorId":95026,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bence","given":"James R.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":639610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kepler, Megan V.","contributorId":172106,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kepler","given":"Megan","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Liu, Weihai","contributorId":104786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Weihai","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hayes, Daniel B.","contributorId":16799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70048359,"text":"70048359 - 2013 - National Park Service Vegetation Inventory Program, Cuyahoga Valley National Park, Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-25T13:35:53","indexId":"70048359","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-29T13:51:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":54,"text":"Natural Resource Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"NPS/HTLN/NRTR—2013/792","title":"National Park Service Vegetation Inventory Program, Cuyahoga Valley National Park, Ohio","docAbstract":"The National Park Service (NPS) Vegetation Inventory Program (VIP) is an effort to classify, describe, and map existing vegetation of national park units for the NPS Natural Resource Inventory and Monitoring (I&M) Program. The NPS VIP is managed by the NPS Biological Resources Management Division and provides baseline vegetation information to the NPS Natural Resource I&M Program. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Vegetation Characterization Program lends a cooperative role in the NPS VIP. The USGS Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, NatureServe, and NPS Cuyahoga Valley National Park (CUVA) have completed vegetation classification and mapping of CUVA.
Mappers, ecologists, and botanists collaborated to identify and describe vegetation types within the National Vegetation Classification Standard (NVCS) and to determine how best to map them by using aerial imagery. The team collected data from 221 vegetation plots within CUVA to develop detailed descriptions of vegetation types. Data from 50 verification sites were also collected to test both the key to vegetation types and the application of vegetation types to a sample set of map polygons. Furthermore, data from 647 accuracy assessment (AA) sites were collected (of which 643 were used to test accuracy of the vegetation map layer). These data sets led to the identification of 45 vegetation types at the association level in the NVCS at CUVA.
A total of 44 map classes were developed to map the vegetation and general land cover of CUVA, including the following: 29 map classes represent natural/semi-natural vegetation types in the NVCS, 12 map classes represent cultural vegetation (agricultural and developed) in the NVCS, and 3 map classes represent non-vegetation features (open-water bodies). Features were interpreted from viewing color-infrared digital aerial imagery dated October 2010 (during peak leaf-phenology change of trees) via digital onscreen three-dimensional stereoscopic workflow systems in geographic information systems (GIS). The interpreted data were digitally and spatially referenced, thus making the spatial database layers usable in GIS. Polygon units were mapped to either a 0.5 ha or 0.25 ha minimum mapping unit, depending on vegetation type.
A geodatabase containing various feature-class layers and tables shows the locations of vegetation types and general land cover (vegetation map), vegetation plot samples, verification sites, AA sites, project boundary extent, and aerial photographic centers. The feature-class layer and relate tables for the CUVA vegetation map provides 4,640 polygons of detailed attribute data covering 13,288.4 ha, with an average polygon size of 2.9 ha.
Summary reports generated from the vegetation map layer show map classes representing natural/semi-natural types in the NVCS apply to 4,151 polygons (89.4% of polygons) and cover 11,225.0 ha (84.5%) of the map extent. Of these polygons, the map layer shows CUVA to be 74.4% forest (9,888.8 ha), 2.5% shrubland (329.7 ha), and 7.6% herbaceous vegetation cover (1,006.5 ha). Map classes representing cultural types in the NVCS apply to 435 polygons (9.4% of polygons) and cover 1,825.7 ha (13.7%) of the map extent. Map classes representing non-NVCS units (open water) apply to 54 polygons (1.2% of polygons) and cover 237.7 ha (1.8%) of the map extent.
A thematic AA study was conducted of map classes representing natural/semi-natural types in the NVCS. Results present an overall accuracy of 80.7% (kappa index of 79.5%) based on data from 643 of the 647 AA sites. Most individual map-class themes exceed the NPS VIP standard of 80% with a 90% confidence interval.
The CUVA vegetation mapping project delivers many geospatial and vegetation data products in hardcopy and/or digital formats. These products consist of an in-depth project report discussing methods and results, which include descriptions and a dichotomous key to vegetation types, map classification and map-class descriptions, and a contingency table showing AA results. The suite of products also includes a database of vegetation plots, verification sites, and AA sites; digital pictures of field sites; field data sheets; aerial photographic imagery; hardcopy and digital maps; and a geodatabase of vegetation types and land cover (map layer), fieldwork locations (vegetation plots, verification sites, and AA sites), aerial photographic index, project boundary, and metadata. All geospatial products are projected in Universal Transverse Mercator, Zone 17, by using the North American Datum of 1983. Information on the NPS VIP and completed park mapping projects are located on the Internet at <http://science.nature.nps.gov/im/inventory/veg> and <http://www.usgs.gov/core_science_systems/csas/vip/index.html>.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","usgsCitation":"Hop, K.D., Drake, J., Strassman, A.C., Hoy, E.E., Menard, S., Jakusz, J., and Dieck, J., 2013, National Park Service Vegetation Inventory Program, Cuyahoga Valley National Park, Ohio: Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/HTLN/NRTR—2013/792, xv, 66 p.","productDescription":"xv, 66 p.","numberOfPages":"302","ipdsId":"IP-045709","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340274,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":340273,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/Profile/2198743"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59006066e4b0e85db3a5ddfb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hop, Kevin D. 0000-0002-9928-4773 khop@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9928-4773","contributorId":1438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hop","given":"Kevin","email":"khop@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drake, J.","contributorId":101003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drake","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Strassman, Andrew C. 0000-0002-9792-7181 astrassman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9792-7181","contributorId":4575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strassman","given":"Andrew","email":"astrassman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hoy, Erin E. 0000-0002-2853-3242 ehoy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2853-3242","contributorId":4523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoy","given":"Erin","email":"ehoy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Menard, Shannon","contributorId":167864,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Menard","given":"Shannon","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17658,"text":"NatureServe","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":692861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dieck, J.J. jdieck@usgs.gov","contributorId":1699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dieck","given":"J.J.","email":"jdieck@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":518203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Jakusz, J.W. jjakusz@usgs.gov","contributorId":4835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jakusz","given":"J.W.","email":"jjakusz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":518206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70101130,"text":"70101130 - 2013 - A survey of methods for implementing and documenting water conservation in New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-06T08:49:41","indexId":"70101130","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-01T11:40:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"title":"A survey of methods for implementing and documenting water conservation in New York","docAbstract":"Water conservation methods and best management practices (BMPs) for water conservation are described for major categories of non-drinking-water users, including—but not limited to—industrial, commercial, power-generation, agricultural, and institutional categories. The BMPs were drawn from a literature search of reports published by state agencies, Federal agencies, the U.S. military, colleges and universities, and water-related organizations that have studied and evaluated various water conservation methods in the municipal supply, industrial, commercial, institutional, and agricultural water-use sectors. An annotated bibliography of references pertinent to water conservation and (or) best management practices in water conservation is included.
","language":"English","publisher":"New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","usgsCitation":"Linsey, K.S., and Reynolds, R.J., 2013, A survey of methods for implementing and documenting water conservation in New York, ii, 48 p.","productDescription":"ii, 48 p.","numberOfPages":"51","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-040710","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289343,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":300123,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.dec.ny.gov/docs/water_pdf/waterconnon.pdf","size":"2.92 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":300124,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.dec.ny.gov/lands/86945.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","city":"New York","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -74.259088,40.495996 ], [ -74.259088,40.915256 ], [ -73.700272,40.915256 ], [ -73.700272,40.495996 ], [ -74.259088,40.495996 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"554495a8e4b0a658d7947883","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Linsey, Kristin S. 0000-0001-6492-7639 kslinsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6492-7639","contributorId":3678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linsey","given":"Kristin","email":"kslinsey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":523184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reynolds, Richard J. 0000-0001-5032-6613 rjreynol@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5032-6613","contributorId":1082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Richard","email":"rjreynol@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":523185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70146869,"text":"70146869 - 2013 - Post-fire wood management alters water stress, growth, and performance of pine regeneration in a Mediterranean ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-23T11:09:24","indexId":"70146869","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-23T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Post-fire wood management alters water stress, growth, and performance of pine regeneration in a Mediterranean ecosystem","docAbstract":"Extensive research has focused on comparing the impacts of post-fire salvage logging versus those of less aggressive management practices on forest regeneration. However, few studies have addressed the effects of different burnt-wood management options on seedling/sapling performance, or the ecophysiological mechanisms underlying differences among treatments. In this study, we experimentally assess the effects of post-fire management of the burnt wood on the growth and performance of naturally regenerating pine seedlings (Pinus pinaster). Three post-fire management treatments varying in degree of intervention were implemented seven months after a high-severity wildfire burned Mediterranean pine forests in the Sierra Nevada, southeast Spain: (a) “No Intervention” (NI, all burnt trees left standing); (b) “Partial Cut plus Lopping” (PCL, felling most of the burnt trees, cutting off branches, and leaving all the biomass on site without mastication); and (c) “Salvage Logging” (SL, felling the burnt trees, piling up the logs and masticating the fine woody debris). Three years after the fire, the growth, foliar nutrient concentrations, and leaf carbon, nitrogen and oxygen isotopic composition (δ13C, δ18O and δ15N) of naturally regenerating seedlings were measured in all the treatments. Pine seedlings showed greatest vigor and size in the PCL treatment, whereas growth was poorest in SL. The nutrient concentrations were similar among treatments, although greater growth in the two treatments with residual wood present indicated higher plant uptake. Seedlings in the SL treatment showed high leaf δ13C and δ18O values indicating severe water stress, in contrast to significantly alleviated water stress indications in the PCL treatment. Seedling growth and physiological performance in NI was intermediate between that of PCL and SL. After six growing seasons, P. pinaster saplings in PCL showed greater growth and cone production than SL saplings. In summary, salvage logging has a detrimental effect on the ecophysiological performance and growth of naturally regenerating pine seedlings, compared to alternative post-fire management practices in which burnt logs and branches are left in situ. Improved seedling growth and performance is associated with the amelioration of microsite/microclimate conditions by the presence of residual burnt wood, which alleviates seedling drought stress and improves nutrient availability through the decomposition of woody debris.
\n1. Ecohydrological niches are important for understanding plant community responses to climate shifts, particularly in dry lands. According to the two-layer hypothesis, selective use of deep-soil water increases growth or persistence of woody species during warm and dry summer periods and thereby contributes to their coexistence with shallow-rooted herbs in dry ecosystems. The resource-pool hypothesis further suggests that shallow-soil water benefits growth of all plants while deep-soil water primarily enhances physiological maintenance and survival of woody species. Few studies have directly tested these by manipulating deep-soil water availability and observing the long-term outcomes.
\n2. We predicted that factors promoting infiltration and storage of water in deep soils, specifically greater winter precipitation and soil depth, would enhance Artemisia tridentata (big sagebrush) in cold, winter-wet/summer-dry desert. Sagebrush responses to 20 years of winter irrigation were compared to summer- or no irrigation, on plots having relatively deep or shallow soils (2 m vs. 1 m depths).
\n3. Winter irrigation increased sagebrush cover, and crown and canopy volumes, but not density (individuals/plot) compared to summer or no irrigation, on deep-soil plots. On shallow-soil plots, winter irrigation surprisingly decreased shrub cover and size, and summer irrigation had no effect. Furthermore, multiple regression suggested that the variations in growth were related (i) firstly to water in shallow soils (0-0.2 m) and secondly to deeper soils (> 1 m deep) and (ii) more by springtime than by midsummer soil water. Water-use efficiency increased considerably on shallow soils without irrigation and was lowest with winter irrigation.
\n4. Synthesis. Sagebrush was more responsive to the seasonal timing of precipitation than to total annual precipitation. Factors that enhanced deep-water storage (deeper soils plus more winter precipitation) led to increases in Artemisia tridentata that were consistent with the two-layer hypothesis, and the contribution of shallow water to growth on these plots was consistent with the resource-pool hypothesis. However, shallow-soil water also had negative effects on sagebrush, suggesting an ecohydrological trade-off not considered in these or related theories. The interaction between precipitation timing and soil depth indicates that increased winter precipitation could lead to a mosaic of increases and decreases in A. tridentata across landscapes having variable soil depth.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/1365-2745.12266","usgsCitation":"Germino, M., and Reinhardt, K., 2013, Desert shrub responses to experimental modification of precipitation seasonality and soil depth: relationship to the two-layer model and ecohydrological niche: Journal of Ecology, v. 102, no. 4, p. 989-997, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12266.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"989","endPage":"997","numberOfPages":"9","ipdsId":"IP-052846","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473352,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12266","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":288083,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288081,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12266"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Snake River Plain","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.8726,42.4829 ], [ -116.8726,44.3356 ], [ -111.3496,44.3356 ], [ -111.3496,42.4829 ], [ -116.8726,42.4829 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"102","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53903feae4b04eea98bf8509","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Germino, Matthew J.","contributorId":50029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Germino","given":"Matthew J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reinhardt, Keith","contributorId":11949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reinhardt","given":"Keith","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70057872,"text":"sir20135107 - 2013 - Arsenic in New Jersey Coastal Plain streams, sediments, and shallow groundwater: effects from different geologic sources and anthropogenic inputs on biogeochemical and physical mobilization processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-10T15:57:13","indexId":"sir20135107","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-18T13:15:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5107","title":"Arsenic in New Jersey Coastal Plain streams, sediments, and shallow groundwater: effects from different geologic sources and anthropogenic inputs on biogeochemical and physical mobilization processes","docAbstract":"Arsenic (As) concentrations in New Jersey Coastal Plain streams generally exceed the State Surface Water Quality Standard (0.017 micrograms per liter (µg/L)), but concentrations seldom exceed 1 µg/L in filtered stream-water samples, regardless of geologic contributions or anthropogenic inputs. Nevertheless, As concentrations in unfiltered stream water indicate substantial variation because of particle inputs from soils and sediments with differing As contents, and because of discharges from groundwater of widely varying chemistry.
\nIn the Inner Coastal Plain, streams draining to lower reaches of the Delaware River traverse As-rich glauconitic sediments of marine origin in which As contents typically are about 20 milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) or greater. In some of these sedimentary units, As concentrations exceed the New Jersey drinking-water maximum contaminant level (5 µg/L) in shallow groundwater that discharges to streams. Microbes, fueled by organic carbon beneath the streambed, reduce iron (Fe) and As, releasing As and Fe into solution in the shallow groundwater from geologic materials that likely include (in addition to glauconite) other phyllosilicates, apatite, and siderite. When the groundwater discharges to the stream, the dissolved Fe and As are oxidized, the Fe precipitates as a hydroxide, and the As sorbs or co-precipitates with the Fe. Because of the oxidation/precipitation process, dissolved As concentrations measured in filtered stream waters of the Inner Coastal Plain are about 1 µg/L, but the total As concentrations (and loads) are greater, substantially amplified by As-bearing suspended sediment in stormflows.
\nIn the Outer Coastal Plain, streams draining to the Atlantic Ocean traverse quartz-rich sediments of mainly deltaic origin where the As content generally is low (<8 mg/kg). In unfiltered and filtered water samples, As concentrations typically are less than 1 µg/L in the acidic stream water and groundwater of the Outer Coastal Plain, but are greater in waters from urban areas. Despite the generally small geologic contributions to Outer Coastal Plain groundwater, where wastewater inputs were indicated, concentrations of As in unfiltered shallow groundwater discharging to small urban streams exceeded the maximum contaminant level.
\nWith a history of agriculture in the New Jersey Coastal Plain, anthropogenic inputs of As, such as residues from former pesticide applications in soils, can amplify any geogenic As in runoff. Such inputs contribute to an increased total As load to a stream at high stages of flow. As a result of yet another anthropogenic influence, microbes that reduce and mobilize As beneath the streambeds are stimulated by inputs of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Although DOC is naturally occurring, anthropogenic contributions from wastewater inputs may deliver increased levels of DOC to subsurface soils and ultimately groundwater. Arsenic concentrations may increase with the increases in pH of groundwater and stream water in developed areas receiving wastewater inputs, as As mobilization caused by pH-controlled sorption and desorption reactions are likely to occur in waters of neutral or alkaline pH (for example, Nimick and others, 1998; Barringer and others, 2007b). Because of the difference in As content of the geologic materials in the two sub-provinces of the Coastal Plain, the amount of As that is mobile in groundwater and stream water is, potentially, substantially greater in the Inner Coastal Plain than in the Outer Coastal Plain. In turn, streams within the Inner and Outer Coastal Plain can receive substantially more As in groundwater discharge from developed areas than from environments where DOC appears to be of natural origin.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135107","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Barringer, J., Reilly, P.A., Eberl, D.D., Mumford, A., Benzel, W., Szabo, Z., Shourds, J.L., and Young, L.Y., 2013, Arsenic in New Jersey Coastal Plain streams, sediments, and shallow groundwater: effects from different geologic sources and anthropogenic inputs on biogeochemical and physical mobilization processes: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5107, Report: viii, 38 p.; Appendixes: 3-6, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135107.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 38 p.; Appendixes: 3-6","numberOfPages":"50","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-032163","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science 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constructed to investigate controls on nearshore hydrodynamics and overall circulation of a bathymetrically-complex coral reef embayment that is exposed to large waves and river floods several times per annum. The model was calibrated using in situ data representative of the two conditions that dominate the region's wave climate: one associated with local trade winds and associated trade-wind waves, and the other with distant-source episodic large swells. The model results were improved by including spatially-varying hydrodynamic bed roughness and making the semi-empirical wave-breaking parameter dependent on incident wave steepness and reef slope. During trade-wind conditions, circulation was primarily wind-driven and volume flux-based flushing times of the bay were on the order of 35 h. Under the episodic swell conditions, circulation were dominated by wave-driven flows and flushing times decreased to as little as 2 h. The vigorous hydrodynamics that occur during the upper 10% most energetic swell conditions indicate that only a few (0–10) events each year are likely capable of exporting significant volumes of sediment from the bay. Like many fringing reef areas backed by steep-sided watersheds on tropical and sub-tropical high islands worldwide, Hanalei Bay receives high episodic fluvial sediment load during a similarly low number of flood events. These similarly episodic but decoupled processes of sediment delivery and removal identified here suggest that the water quality and sedimentary environment of Hanalei Bay and similar linked watershed-reef systems are sensitive to changes in annual storm frequency and intensity.
Increased phosphorus (P) loadings threaten the health of the world’s largest freshwater resource, the Laurentian Great Lakes (GL). To understand the linkages between land use and P delivery, we coupled two spatially explicit models, the landscape-scale SPARROW P fate and transport watershed model and the Land Transformation Model (LTM) land use change model, to predict future P export from nonpoint and point sources caused by changes in land use. According to LTM predictions over the period 2010–2040, the GL region of the U.S. may experience a doubling of urbanized areas and agricultural areas may increase by 10%, due to biofuel feedstock cultivation. These land use changes are predicted to increase P loadings from the U.S. side of the GL basin by 3.5–9.5%, depending on the Lake watershed and development scenario. The exception is Lake Ontario, where loading is predicted to decrease by 1.8% for one scenario, due to population losses in the drainage area. Overall, urban expansion is estimated to increase P loadings by 3.4%. Agricultural expansion associated with predicted biofuel feedstock cultivation is predicted to increase P loadings by an additional 2.4%. Watersheds that export P most efficiently and thus are the most vulnerable to increases in P sources tend to be found along southern Lake Ontario, southeastern Lake Erie, western Lake Michigan, and southwestern Lake Superior where watershed areas are concentrated along the coastline with shorter flow paths. In contrast, watersheds with high soil permeabilities, fractions of land underlain by tile drains, and long distances to the GL are less vulnerable.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Modelling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.01.016","usgsCitation":"LaBeau, M.B., Robertson, D.M., Mayer, A.S., Pijanowski, B.C., and Saad, D.A., 2013, Effects of future urban and biofuel crop expansions on the riverine export of phosphorus to the Laurentian Great Lakes: Ecological Modelling, v. 277, p. 27-37, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.01.016.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"27","endPage":"37","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-050926","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288886,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288841,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel_2014.01.016"}],"country":"Canada;United States","otherGeospatial":"Laurentian Great Lakes","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.11,41.4 ], [ -92.11,48.85 ], [ -76.3,48.85 ], [ -76.3,41.4 ], [ -92.11,41.4 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"277","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7697e4b0abf75cf2bfbc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"LaBeau, Meredith B.","contributorId":52897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaBeau","given":"Meredith","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robertson, Dale M. 0000-0001-6799-0596 dzrobert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0596","contributorId":150760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Dale","email":"dzrobert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mayer, Alex S.","contributorId":81028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayer","given":"Alex","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pijanowski, Bryan C.","contributorId":35654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pijanowski","given":"Bryan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Saad, David A. dasaad@usgs.gov","contributorId":121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saad","given":"David","email":"dasaad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70119394,"text":"70119394 - 2013 - Are large-scale flow experiments informing the science and management of freshwater ecosystems?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-22T10:48:43","indexId":"70119394","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T14:15:48","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1701,"text":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Are large-scale flow experiments informing the science and management of freshwater ecosystems?","docAbstract":"Greater scientific knowledge, changing societal values, and legislative mandates have emphasized the importance of implementing large-scale flow experiments (FEs) downstream of dams. We provide the first global assessment of FEs to evaluate their success in advancing science and informing management decisions. Systematic review of 113 FEs across 20 countries revealed that clear articulation of experimental objectives, while not universally practiced, was crucial for achieving management outcomes and changing dam-operating policies. Furthermore, changes to dam operations were three times less likely when FEs were conducted primarily for scientific purposes. Despite the recognized importance of riverine flow regimes, four-fifths of FEs involved only discrete flow events. Over three-quarters of FEs documented both abiotic and biotic outcomes, but only one-third examined multiple taxonomic responses, thus limiting how FE results can inform holistic dam management. Future FEs will present new opportunities to advance scientifically credible water policies.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1890/130076","usgsCitation":"Olden, J., Konrad, C.P., Melis, T., Kennard, M.J., Freeman, M., Mims, M.C., Bray, E., Gido, K., Hemphill, N.P., Lytle, D.A., McMullen, L.E., Pyron, M., Robinson, C.T., Schmidt, J.C., and Williams, J.G., 2013, Are large-scale flow experiments informing the science and management of freshwater ecosystems?: Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, v. 12, no. 3, p. 176-185, https://doi.org/10.1890/130076.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"176","endPage":"185","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-050929","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science 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D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Konrad, Christopher P. 0000-0002-7354-547X cpkonrad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7354-547X","contributorId":1716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konrad","given":"Christopher","email":"cpkonrad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":497648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Melis, Theodore S. 0000-0003-0473-3968 tmelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0473-3968","contributorId":1829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melis","given":"Theodore S.","email":"tmelis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":497649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kennard, Mark J.","contributorId":81354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennard","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Freeman, Mary 0000-0001-7615-6923 mcfreeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7615-6923","contributorId":3528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Mary","email":"mcfreeman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":497651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mims, Meryl C.","contributorId":29253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mims","given":"Meryl","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bray, Erin N.","contributorId":92906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bray","given":"Erin 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E.","contributorId":43216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMullen","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Pyron, Mark","contributorId":28113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pyron","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Robinson, Christopher T.","contributorId":25663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Schmidt, John C. 0000-0002-2988-3869 jcschmidt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2988-3869","contributorId":1983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"John","email":"jcschmidt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":497650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Williams, John G.","contributorId":10270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}} ,{"id":70126464,"text":"70126464 - 2013 - Dissipation of contaminants of emerging concern in biosolids applied to non-irrigated farmland in eastern Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-17T13:15:55","indexId":"70126464","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T12:40:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dissipation of contaminants of emerging concern in biosolids applied to non-irrigated farmland in eastern Colorado","docAbstract":"In 2007, a 1.5-year field-scale study was initiated by the U.S. Geological Survey to evaluate the dissipation of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) following a first agronomic biosolids application to nonirrigated farmland. CECs with the greatest decrease in concentration in the surface biosolids at 180 days post-application included indole, d-limonene, p-cresol, phenol, and skatol. CECs that were present in the largest concentration in 180-day-weathered biosolids included stanols, nonylphenols, bisphenol A, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, hexahydrohexamethyl cyclopenta-benzopyran (HHCB), and triclosan. CECs that were detected in pre-application soil were 3-beta coprostanol, skatol, acetophenone, beta-sitosterol, beta-stigmastanol, cholesterol, indole, p-cresol, and phenol, most of which are biogenic sterols or fragrances that have natural plant sources in addition to anthropogenic sources, yet their concentrations increased (in some cases, substantially) following biosolids application. Preliminary data indicate the nonylphenols (including NPEO1, NPEO2), OPEO1, benzo[a]pyrene, diethyl phthalate, d-limonene, HHCB, triclosan, and possibly 3-beta coprostanol, skatol, beta-sitosterol, cholesterol, indole, and p-cresol, migrated downward through the soil by 468 days post-application, but indicated little uptake by mature wheat plants. This study indicates that some CECs are sufficiently persistent and mobile to be vertically transported into the soil column following biosolids applications to the land surface, even in semiarid regions.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/jawr.12163","usgsCitation":"Yager, T., Furlong, E.T., Kolpin, D.W., Kinney, C.A., Zaugg, S.D., and Burkhardt, M.R., 2013, Dissipation of contaminants of emerging concern in biosolids applied to non-irrigated farmland in eastern Colorado: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 50, no. 2, p. 343-357, https://doi.org/10.1111/jawr.12163.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"343","endPage":"357","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-050743","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294331,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294313,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jawr.12163/abstract"},{"id":294312,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1111/jawr.12163"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.0603,36.9924 ], [ -109.0603,41.0034 ], [ -102.0409,41.0034 ], [ -102.0409,36.9924 ], [ -109.0603,36.9924 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"50","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5422bb23e4b08312ac7ceffe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yager, Tracy tjyager@usgs.gov","contributorId":1881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"Tracy","email":"tjyager@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Furlong, Edward T. 0000-0002-7305-4603 efurlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"Edward","email":"efurlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kolpin, Dana W. 0000-0002-3529-6505 dwkolpin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-6505","contributorId":1239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"Dana","email":"dwkolpin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kinney, Chad A.","contributorId":56952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinney","given":"Chad","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zaugg, Steven D. sdzaugg@usgs.gov","contributorId":768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zaugg","given":"Steven","email":"sdzaugg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":502062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Burkhardt, Mark R.","contributorId":27872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkhardt","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70148690,"text":"70148690 - 2013 - Oyster reef restoration in the Northern Gulf of Mexico: effect of artificial substrate and sge on nekton and benthic macroinvertebrate assemblage use","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-01T14:47:34","indexId":"70148690","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Oyster reef restoration in the Northern Gulf of Mexico: effect of artificial substrate and sge on nekton and benthic macroinvertebrate assemblage use","docAbstract":"In the northern Gulf of Mexico (GOM), reefs built by eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica, provide critical habitat within shallow estuaries, and recent efforts have focused on restoring reefs to benefit nekton and benthic macroinvertebrates. We compared nekton and benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages at historic, newly created (<5years) and old (>6years) shell and rock substrate reefs. Using crab traps, gill-nets, otter trawls, cast nets, and benthic macroinvertebrate collectors, 20 shallow reefs (<5m) in the northern GOM were sampled throughout the summer of 2011. We compared nekton and benthic assemblage abundance, diversity and composition across reef types. Except for benthic macroinvertebrate abundance, which was significantly higher on old rock reefs as compared to historic reefs, all reefs were similar to historic reefs, suggesting created reefs provide similar support of nekton and benthic assemblages as historic reefs. To determine refuge value of oyster structure for benthic macroinvertebrates compared to bare bottom, we tested preferences of juvenile crabs across depth and refuge complexity in the presence and absence of adult blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus). Juveniles were more likely to use deep water with predators present only when provided oyster structure. Provision of structural material to support and sustain development of benthic and mobile reef communities may be the most important factor in determining reef value to these assemblages, with biophysical characteristics related to reef location influencing assemblage patterns in areas with structure; if so, appropriately locating created reefs is critical.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell Publishing","doi":"10.1111/rec.12071","collaboration":"Louisiana Chapter of the Nature Conservancy (TNC); USGS through the Louisiana Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries (LDWF); LSU Department of Biological Sciences","usgsCitation":"Brown, L.A., Furlong, J.N., Brown, K.M., and LaPeyre, M.K., 2013, Oyster reef restoration in the Northern Gulf of Mexico: effect of artificial substrate and sge on nekton and benthic macroinvertebrate assemblage use: Restoration Ecology, v. 22, no. 2, p. 214-222, https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.12071.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"214","endPage":"222","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-045508","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305551,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Northern Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.13330078125,\n 29.76437737516313\n ],\n [\n -85.27587890625,\n 29.36302703778376\n ],\n [\n -86.1328125,\n 30.107117887092382\n ],\n [\n -87.36328125,\n 30.14512718337613\n ],\n [\n -88.48388671874999,\n 30.240086360983426\n ],\n [\n -89.14306640625,\n 29.897805610155874\n ],\n [\n -89.6484375,\n 29.19053283229458\n ],\n [\n -90.439453125,\n 28.9023972285585\n ],\n [\n -91.3623046875,\n 29.132970130878636\n ],\n [\n -92.43896484375,\n 29.439597566602902\n ],\n [\n -93.44970703125,\n 29.611670115197377\n ],\n [\n -94.63623046875,\n 29.171348850951507\n ],\n [\n -96.17431640625,\n 28.420391085674304\n ],\n [\n -97.2509765625,\n 27.332735136859146\n ],\n [\n -97.822265625,\n 27.547241546253293\n ],\n [\n -96.87744140625,\n 28.767659105691255\n ],\n [\n -95.82275390625,\n 29.075375179558346\n ],\n [\n -94.94384765625,\n 29.84064389983441\n ],\n [\n -93.2958984375,\n 30.20211367909724\n ],\n [\n -91.12060546875,\n 29.954934549656144\n ],\n [\n -89.14306640625,\n 30.751277776257812\n ],\n [\n -86.72607421875,\n 30.619004797647808\n ],\n [\n -85.078125,\n 30.12612436422458\n ],\n [\n -84.462890625,\n 30.221101852485987\n ],\n [\n -84.13330078125,\n 29.76437737516313\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-11-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55950f35e4b0b6d21dd6cbf7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Laura A.","contributorId":145457,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Furlong, Jessica N.","contributorId":145458,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Furlong","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, Kenneth M.","contributorId":22672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"LaPeyre, Megan K. 0000-0001-9936-2252 mlapeyre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9936-2252","contributorId":585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaPeyre","given":"Megan","email":"mlapeyre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":549057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70059597,"text":"sim3281 - 2013 - California State Waters Map Series: Offshore of Santa Barbara, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-18T18:20:03.010443","indexId":"sim3281","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-11T09:39:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3281","title":"California State Waters Map Series: Offshore of Santa Barbara, California","docAbstract":"In 2007, the California Ocean Protection Council initiated the California Seafloor Mapping Program (CSMP), designed to create a comprehensive seafloor map of high-resolution bathymetry, marine benthic habitats, and geology within the 3-nautical-mile limit of California’s State Waters. The CSMP approach is to create highly detailed seafloor maps through collection, integration, interpretation, and visualization of swath sonar data, acoustic backscatter, seafloor video, seafloor photography, high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles, and bottom-sediment sampling data. The map products display seafloor morphology and character, identify potential marine benthic habitats, and illustrate both the surficial seafloor geology and shallow (to about 100 m) subsurface geology.
\nThe Offshore of Santa Barbara map area lies within the central Santa Barbara Channel region of the Southern California Bight. This geologically complex region forms a major biogeographic transition zone, separating the cold-temperate Oregonian province north of Point Conception from the warm-temperate California province to the south. The map area is in the southern part of the Western Transverse Ranges geologic province, which is north of the California Continental Borderland. Significant clockwise rotation—at least 90°—since the early Miocene has been proposed for the Western Transverse Ranges province, and geodetic studies indicate that the region is presently undergoing north-south shortening. Uplift rates (as much as 2.2 mm/yr) that are based on studies of onland marine terraces provide further evidence of significant shortening.
\nThe city of Santa Barbara, the main coastal population center in the map area, is part of a contiguous urban area that extends from Carpinteria to Goleta. This urban area was developed on the coalescing alluvial surfaces, uplifted marine terraces, and low hills that lie south of the east-west-trending Santa Ynez Mountains. Several beaches line the actively utilized Santa Barbara coastal zone, including Arroyo Burro Beach Park, Leadbetter Beach, East Beach, and “Butterfly Beach.” There are ongoing coastal erosion problems associated with both development and natural processes; between 1933–1934 and 1998, cliff erosion in the map area occurred at rates of about 0.1 to 1 m/yr, the largest amount (63 m) occurring at Arroyo Burro in the western part of the map area. In addition, development of the Santa Barbara Harbor, which began in 1928, lead to shoaling west of the harbor as the initial breakwater trapped sand, as well as to coastal erosion east of the harbor. Since 1959, annual harbor dredging has mitigated at least some of the downcoast erosion problems.
\nThe Offshore of Santa Barbara map area lies in the central part of the Santa Barbara littoral cell, which is characterized by littoral drift to the east-southeast. Drift rates have been estimated to be about 400,000 tons/yr at Santa Barbara Harbor. Sediment supply to the western and central parts of the littoral cell, including the map area, is largely from relatively small transverse coastal watersheds. Within the map area, these coastal watersheds include (from east to west) San Ysidro Creek, Oak Creek, Montecito Creek, Sycamore Creek, Mission Creek, Arroyo Burro, and Atascadero Creek. The Ventura and Santa Clara Rivers, the mouths of which are about 40 to 50 km southeast of Santa Barbara, are much larger sediment sources. Still farther east, eastward-moving sediment in the littoral cell is trapped by Hueneme and Mugu Canyons and then transported to the deep-water Santa Monica Basin.
\nThe offshore part of the map area consists of a relatively flat and shallow continental shelf, which dips gently seaward (about 0.4° to 0.8°) so that water depths at the 3-nautical-mile limit of California’s State Waters are about 45 m in the east and about 75 m in the west. This part of the Santa Barbara Channel is relatively well protected from large Pacific swells from the north and northwest by Point Conception and from the south and southwest by offshore islands and banks. The shelf is underlain by variable amounts of upper Quaternary shelf, estuarine, and fluvial sediments deposited as sea level fluctuated in the late Pleistocene.
\nSeafloor habitats in the broad Santa Barbara Channel region consist of significant amounts of soft sediment and isolated areas of rocky habitat that support kelp-forest communities nearshore and rocky-reef communities in deep water. The potential marine benthic habitat types mapped in the Offshore of Santa Barbara map area are directly related to its Quaternary geologic history, geomorphology, and active sedimentary processes. These potential habitats, which lie within the Shelf (continental shelf) megahabitat, range from soft, unconsolidated sediment to hard sedimentary bedrock. This heterogeneous seafloor provides promising habitat for rockfish, groundfish, crabs, shrimp, and other marine benthic organisms.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3281","usgsCitation":"Johnson, S.Y., Dartnell, P., Cochrane, G.R., Golden, N., Phillips, E., Ritchie, A.C., Greene, H., Krigsman, L., Kvitek, R.G., Dieter, B., Endris, C.A., Seitz, G., Sliter, R.W., Erdey, M.D., Gutierrez, C.I., Wong, F.L., Yoklavich, M.M., Draut, A.E., Hart, P.E., Conrad, J.E., and Cochran, S., 2013, California State Waters Map Series: Offshore of Santa Barbara, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3281, Pamphlet: iv, 45 p.; 11 Sheets: 53.0 x 36.0 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3281.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: iv, 45 p.; 11 Sheets: 53.0 x 36.0 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"49","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-042258","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science 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This map is one in a series of U.S. Geological Survey/Afghanistan Geological Survey quadrangle maps covering Afghanistan.
\nFlown at an altitude of 50,000 feet (15,240 meters (m)), the HyMap™ imaging spectrometer measured reflected sunlight in 128 channels, covering wavelengths between 0.4 and 2.5 μm. The data were georeferenced, atmospherically corrected and converted to apparent surface reflectance, empirically adjusted using ground-based reflectance measurements, and combined into a mosaic with 23-m pixel spacing. Variations in water vapor and dust content of the atmosphere, in solar angle, and in surface elevation complicated correction; therefore, some classification differences may be present between adjacent flight lines.
\nThe reflectance spectrum of each pixel of HyMap™ imaging spectrometer data was compared to the reference materials in a spectral library of minerals, vegetation, water, and other materials. Minerals occurring abundantly at the surface and those having unique spectral features were easily detected and discriminated, while minerals having slightly different compositions but similar spectral features were less easily discriminated; thus, some map classes consist of several minerals having similar spectra, such as “Goethite and jarosite.” A designation of “Not classified” was assigned to the pixel when there was no match with reference spectra.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131213B","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Defense Task Force for Business and Stability Operations","usgsCitation":"King, T., Hoefen, T.M., Kokaly, R., Livo, K.E., Johnson, M., and Giles, S.A., 2013, Hyperspectral surface materials map of quadrangle 3570, Tagab-e-Munjan (505) and Asmar-Kamdesh (506) quadrangles, Afghanistan, showing iron-bearing minerals and other materials: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1213, 37 x 23 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131213B.","productDescription":"37 x 23 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-050500","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282363,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131213B.jpg"},{"id":283599,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1213/B/pdf/ofr2013-1213b.pdf"},{"id":283598,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1213/B/"}],"scale":"250000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","datum":"WGS 1984","country":"Afghanistan","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 70.0,35.0 ], [ 70.0,36.0 ], [ 72.0,36.0 ], [ 72.0,35.0 ], [ 70.0,35.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd61dbe4b0b290850fdcac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, Trude","contributorId":29831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Trude","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoefen, Todd M. 0000-0002-3083-5987 thoefen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-5987","contributorId":403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoefen","given":"Todd","email":"thoefen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kokaly, Raymond F. 0000-0003-0276-7101","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0276-7101","contributorId":81442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kokaly","given":"Raymond F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Livo, Keith E. 0000-0001-7331-8130 elivo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7331-8130","contributorId":1750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Livo","given":"Keith","email":"elivo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Michaela R. 0000-0001-6133-0247 mrjohns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6133-0247","contributorId":1013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Michaela R.","email":"mrjohns@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Giles, Stuart A. 0000-0002-8696-5078 sgiles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8696-5078","contributorId":1233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giles","given":"Stuart","email":"sgiles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70056191,"text":"ofr20131200B - 2013 - Hyperspectral surface materials map of quadrangle 3462, Herat (409) and Chishti Sharif (410) quadrangles, Afghanistan, showing iron-bearing minerals and other materials","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-10T10:02:07","indexId":"ofr20131200B","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-10T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1200","chapter":"B","title":"Hyperspectral surface materials map of quadrangle 3462, Herat (409) and Chishti Sharif (410) quadrangles, Afghanistan, showing iron-bearing minerals and other materials","docAbstract":"This map shows the spatial distribution of selected iron-bearing minerals and other materials derived from analysis of airborne HyMap™ imaging spectrometer (hyperspectral) data of Afghanistan collected in late 2007. This map is one in a series of U.S. Geological Survey/Afghanistan Geological Survey quadrangle maps covering Afghanistan.
\nFlown at an altitude of 50,000 feet (15,240 meters (m)), the HyMap™ imaging spectrometer measured reflected sunlight in 128 channels, covering wavelengths between 0.4 and 2.5 μm. The data were georeferenced, atmospherically corrected and converted to apparent surface reflectance, empirically adjusted using ground-based reflectance measurements, and combined into a mosaic with 23-m pixel spacing. Variations in water vapor and dust content of the atmosphere, in solar angle, and in surface elevation complicated correction; therefore, some classification differences may be present between adjacent flight lines.
\nThe reflectance spectrum of each pixel of HyMap™ imaging spectrometer data was compared to the reference materials in a spectral library of minerals, vegetation, water, and other materials. Minerals occurring abundantly at the surface and those having unique spectral features were easily detected and discriminated, while minerals having slightly different compositions but similar spectral features were less easily discriminated; thus, some map classes consist of several minerals having similar spectra, such as “Goethite and jarosite.” A designation of “Not classified” was assigned to the pixel when there was no match with reference spectra.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131200B","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Defense Task Force for Business and Stability Operations","usgsCitation":"King, T., Hoefen, T.M., Kokaly, R., Livo, K.E., Johnson, M., and Giles, S.A., 2013, Hyperspectral surface materials map of quadrangle 3462, Herat (409) and Chishti Sharif (410) quadrangles, Afghanistan, showing iron-bearing minerals and other materials: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1200, 38 x 23 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131200B.","productDescription":"38 x 23 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-050467","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282352,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131200B.jpg"},{"id":283565,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1200/B/pdf/ofr2013-1200b.pdf"},{"id":283563,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1200/B/"}],"scale":"250000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","datum":"WGS 1984","country":"Afghanistan","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 62.0,34.0 ], [ 62.0,35.0 ], [ 64.0,35.0 ], [ 64.0,34.0 ], [ 62.0,34.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd61dae4b0b290850fdc8a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, Trude","contributorId":29831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Trude","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoefen, Todd M. 0000-0002-3083-5987 thoefen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-5987","contributorId":403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoefen","given":"Todd","email":"thoefen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kokaly, Raymond F. 0000-0003-0276-7101","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0276-7101","contributorId":81442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kokaly","given":"Raymond F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Livo, Keith E. 0000-0001-7331-8130 elivo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7331-8130","contributorId":1750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Livo","given":"Keith","email":"elivo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Michaela R. 0000-0001-6133-0247 mrjohns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6133-0247","contributorId":1013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Michaela R.","email":"mrjohns@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Giles, Stuart A. 0000-0002-8696-5078 sgiles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8696-5078","contributorId":1233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giles","given":"Stuart","email":"sgiles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ]}