This report describes the most outstanding floods in the United States during 1963. The three most destructive floods occurred in March from Alabama to West Virginia and Ohio, in June in Nebraska, and in August in Buffalo, N.Y.
Widespread disastrous floods struck the western slopes of the Appalachian Mountains from Alabama to West Virginia and Ohio as a result of three storms moving over the area during March 4-19. Precipitation during the first storm period, March 4-6, caused some major stream overflows and produced conditions favorable for high runoff from subsequent rainfall. Heavy rainfall on March 11-13 produced record-breaking floods on many streams in Tennessee, Kentucky, Virginia, and West Virginia. Noteworthy floods occurred in the bordering States of Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, and Ohio. The third storm on If arch 16-19 was .significant because it prolonged the period of flooding and produced high-volume runoff in some areas. Twenty-six lives were lost, and more than 30,000 persons were forced from their homes. Damage to highways, railroads municipal and private property amounted to approximately \\$98 million.
Floods of June 24 in small basins in east-central Nebraska were the most severe known in the area. Discharges in many streams greatly exceeded the 50-year flood. Twenty-five cities and villages and more than 600 families suffered property loss. Three lives were lost. Property loss was about \\$13 million.
On July 29 the most severe rainstorm in 18 years occurred in western New York. On August 7, rains of near-record magnitude again fell over western New York, and record intensities were recorded in Buffalo for 1-, 2-, and 6-hour storms. The resulting floods on Scajaquada Creek were the highest recorded in a short period of record, and flood damage in Buffalo was estimated at \\$35 million.
In addition to the three floods mentioned above, 21 others of lesser magnitude are considered important enough to be included in this annual summary.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp1830B","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Federal, State, and local agencies","usgsCitation":"Rostvedt, J., and and others, 1968, Summary of floods in the United States during 1963: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1830, vi, 120 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1830B.","productDescription":"vi, 120 p.","numberOfPages":"130","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":29942,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1830b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":139408,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1830b/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db699262","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rostvedt, J.O.","contributorId":24757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rostvedt","given":"J.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"and others","contributorId":127886,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"and others","id":528057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":4046,"text":"cir562 - 1968 - Utilization of humus-rich forest soil (mull) in geochemical exploration for gold","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:27","indexId":"cir562","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"562","title":"Utilization of humus-rich forest soil (mull) in geochemical exploration for gold","docAbstract":"Distribution of gold in humus-rich forest soil (mull) reflects the known distribution of gold deposits in bedrock in the Empire district, Colorado. Gold from the bedrock is accumulated by pine and aspen trees and is concentrated in the mull by the decay of organic litter from the trees. Anomalies in mull which do not coincide with known gold deposits merit further exploration. The gold anomalies in soil (6- to 12-inch depth) and in float pebbles and cobbles poorly reflect the known distribution of gold deposits in bedrock beneath the extensive cover of colluvium and glacial drift.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"[U.S. Govt. Print. Off.],","doi":"10.3133/cir562","usgsCitation":"Curtin, G.C., Lakin, H.W., Neuerburg, G.J., and Hubert, A., 1968, Utilization of humus-rich forest soil (mull) in geochemical exploration for gold: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 562, iii, 11 p. :illus., maps. ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir562.","productDescription":"iii, 11 p. :illus., maps. ;26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123130,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1968/0562/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31138,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1968/0562/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d9e4b07f02db5df95f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Curtin, Gary C.","contributorId":89109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtin","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lakin, H. W.","contributorId":11594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lakin","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Neuerburg, G. J.","contributorId":29395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neuerburg","given":"G.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hubert, A.E.","contributorId":107677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":3590,"text":"cir550 - 1968 - Discharge in the lower Columbia River basin, 1928-65","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-25T13:10:14","indexId":"cir550","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"550","title":"Discharge in the lower Columbia River basin, 1928-65","docAbstract":"Estimates of monthly and annual mean discharge for five ungaged sites in the lower Columbia River are presented for water years 1928-65. These sites are Columbia River at Vancouver, Wash., Willamette River at mouth, Columbia River at St. Helens, Oreg., Columbia River at Longview, Wash., and Columbia River at mouth. Two tables of estimates are compiled for each site. One table lists estimates of 'observed' flow, the flows that would be measured by a gaging station. The other table lists 'adjusted' flows, the 'observed' flows adjusted for storage changes in major reservoirs arid for diversion at Grand Coulee Dam. \r\n\r\nTwo methods are used in making these estimates. One method involves a detailed summation of flows from all gaged and ungaged areas, allowance for precipitation on and evaporation from the channel water surface, and adjustment of flow to allow for travel time from gaging stations at the Dalles, Oreg. (Columbia River main stem), and at Salem Oreg. (Willamette River). \r\n\r\nThe other method is the same as the summation method except that flows from individual gaged and ungaged areas below The Dalles and Salem are not summed in detail. Instead, the entire drainage area below The Dalles is divided into three major inflow segments and the flow from each segment is obtained from a correlation with streams that are representative of the flow from that segment. Estimates of monthly mean flows are considered to be accurate within 2 or 3 percent.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir550","usgsCitation":"Orem, H.M., 1968, Discharge in the lower Columbia River basin, 1928-65: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 550, iii, 24 p. :illus., map. ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir550.","productDescription":"iii, 24 p. :illus., map. ;26 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":30621,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1968/0550/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":117193,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1968/0550/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625ac0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Orem, Hollis M.","contributorId":55415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orem","given":"Hollis","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3593,"text":"cir552 - 1968 - Reconnaissance investigations of the discharge and water quality of the Amazon River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:26","indexId":"cir552","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"552","title":"Reconnaissance investigations of the discharge and water quality of the Amazon River","docAbstract":"Selected published estimates of the discharge of Amazon River in the vicinity of Obidos and the mouth are presented to show the great variance of available information. The most reasonable estimates prepared by those who measured some parameters of the flow were studied by Maurice Parde, who concluded that the mean annual discharge is 90,000 to 100,000 cms (cubic meters per second) or 3,200,000 to 3,500,000 cfs (cubic feet per second). A few published estimates of discharge at mouth of 110,000 cms (3,900,000 cfs) based on rainfall-runoff relationships developed for other humid regions of the world are available. \r\n\r\nThree measurements of discharge made at the Obidos narrows in 1963-64 by a joint Brazil-United States expedition at high, low, and medium river stage are referred to the datum used at the Obidos gage during the period of operation, 1928-46, and a relationship between stage and discharge prepared on the basis of the measurements and supplementary data and computations. Recovery of the original Obidos gage datum is verified by referring the 1963-64 concurrent river stages at Manaus, Obidos, and Taperinha to gage relation curves developed for Manaus-Obidos and Obidos-Taperinha for periods of concurrent operation, 1928-46 and 1931-46, respectively. The average discharge, based on the stage-discharge relation and record of river stage for the period 1928-46, is computed to be 5,500,000 cfs (157,000 cms) for the Obidos site. \r\n\r\nThe greatest known flood at Obidos, that of June 1953, is computed to have been a flow of 12,500,000 cfs (350,000 cms) at stage of 7.6 meters (24.9 feet) in the main channel and an indeterminate amount of overflow which, under the best assumed overflow conditions, may have amounted to about 10 percent of the main channel flow. Overflow discharge at stage equivalent to mean annual discharge is judged to be an insignificant percentage of flow down the main channel. \r\n\r\nMiscellaneous data collected during the flow measurements show that the tidal effect reaches upstream to Obidos at extremely low flows, the distribution of velocities in stream verticals is affected by large-scale turbulence, the standard procedure of basing mean velocity in vertical on the average of point velocities measured at 20 and 80 percent of the total depth is valid, and there is a low Manning roughness coefficient of 0.019 (English units). Samples of suspended sediment taken with a point sampler at various depths in selected verticals show, for the Obidos site, a variation in concentration from 300 to 340 mg/l (milligram per liter) near the streambed to 50 to 70 mg/l in the upper part of the verticals. \r\n\r\nMedian diameter of bed material at Obidos averaged about 0.20 mm (millimeter) in a range of 0.15 to 0.25 ram. Analyses of water samples collected at Obidos in July and November 1963 and August 1964 are presented. The reconnaissance measurements of 1963-64 provide a well-supported value of mean annual water discharge of Amazon River at Obidos and the mouth. Many more measurements of flow and water-quality characteristics are needed to obtain more exact values of discharge, suspended sediment, and salt load.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"[U.S. Geological Survey ],","doi":"10.3133/cir552","usgsCitation":"Oltman, R.E., 1968, Reconnaissance investigations of the discharge and water quality of the Amazon River: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 552, iii, 16 p. :illus., maps. ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir552.","productDescription":"iii, 16 p. :illus., maps. ;26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124488,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1968/0552/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30626,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1968/0552/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6ce4b07f02db63e7fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oltman, Roy Edwin","contributorId":101635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oltman","given":"Roy","email":"","middleInitial":"Edwin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":4418,"text":"cir566 - 1968 - Tertiary gold-bearing channel gravel in northern Nevada County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:28","indexId":"cir566","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"566","title":"Tertiary gold-bearing channel gravel in northern Nevada County, California","docAbstract":"The remains of a huge Tertiary gravel-filled channel lie in the area between the South and Middle Yuba Rivers in northern Nevada County, Calif. The deposits in this channel were the site of some of the most productive hydraulic gold mines in California between the 1850's and 1884. \r\n\r\nThe gravel occupies a major channel and parts of several tributaries that in Tertiary time cut into a surface of Paleozoic and Mesozoic igneous and metamorphic rocks. The gravel is partly covered by the remains of an extensive sheet of volcanic rocks, but it crops out along the broad crest of the ridge between the canyons of the South and Middle Yuba Rivers. The lower parts of the gravel deposits generally carry the highest values of placer gold. Traditionally, the richest deposits of all are found in the so-called blue gravel, which, when present, lies just above the bedrock and consists of a very coarse, poorly sorted mixture of cobbles, pebbles, sand, and clay. It is unoxidized, and, at least locally, contains appreciable quantities of secondary sulfide minerals, chiefly pyrite. \r\n\r\nInformation in drill logs from private sources indicates that a 2-mile stretch of the channel near North Columbia contains over half a million ounces of gold dispersed through about 22 million cubic yards of gravel at a grade .averaging about 81 cents per cubic yard. The deposit is buried at depths ranging from 100 to 400 feet. \r\n\r\nSeveral geophysical methods have been tested for their feasibility in determining the configuration of the buried bedrock surface, in delineating channel gravel buried under volcanic rocks, and in identifying concentrations of heavy minerals within the gravel. Although the data have not yet been completely processed, preliminary conclusions indicate that some methods may be quite useful. A combination of seismic-refraction and gravity methods was used to determine the depth and configuration of the bottom of the channel to an accuracy within 10 percent as checked by the drill holes. Seismic-refraction methods have identified depressions which are in the bedrock surface, below volcanic rocks, and which may be occupied by gravels. Seismic methods, however, cannot actually recognize the presence of low-velocity gravels beneath the higher velocity volcanic rocks. Electromagnetic methods, supplemented in part by induced-polarization methods, show promise of being able to recognize and trace blue gravel buried less than 200 feet deep. A broad vague magnetic anomaly across the channel suggests that more precise magnetic studies might delineate concentrations of magnetic material. The usefulness of resistivity methods appears from this study to be quite restricted because of irregular topography and the variable conductivity of layers within the gravel.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/cir566","usgsCitation":"Peterson, D.W., Yeend, W., Oliver, H.W., and Mattick, R., 1968, Tertiary gold-bearing channel gravel in northern Nevada County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 566, iii, 22 p. :ill., maps. ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir566.","productDescription":"iii, 22 p. :ill., maps. ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124415,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1968/0566/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31523,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1968/0566/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db684fd5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, D. W.","contributorId":84326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yeend, W. E.","contributorId":104879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yeend","given":"W. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oliver, H. W.","contributorId":85570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oliver","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mattick, R.E.","contributorId":85162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattick","given":"R.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":4071,"text":"cir587 - 1968 - Gold distribution in surface sediments on the continental shelf off southern Oregon: A preliminary report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-23T21:36:16.900551","indexId":"cir587","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"587","title":"Gold distribution in surface sediments on the continental shelf off southern Oregon: A preliminary report","docAbstract":"Local concentrations of gold have been identified in surface sediments on the continental shelf off southern Oregon between Cape Arago and Cape Sebastian, a\ndistance of about 40 miles. Concentrations of gold range from the lower limit of detection, 5 parts per billion, to almost 150 parts per billion. The largest gold\nanomaly is an area of 15 to 20 square miles off Cape Blanco. Gold is associated with black sands believed to be relict beach placers formed during a previous low\nstand of the sea. Although the gold content is low, it may indicate higher grade material at depth; drilling will be necessary to determine the economic potential of the placers.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir587","usgsCitation":"Clifton, H.E., 1968, Gold distribution in surface sediments on the continental shelf off southern Oregon: A preliminary report: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 587, iii, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir587.","productDescription":"iii, 4 p.","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":409615,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_23749.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":271071,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/0587/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138886,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/0587/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Cape Arago, Cape Sebastian","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.383,\n 42.167\n ],\n [\n -124.383,\n 43.333\n ],\n [\n -124.7,\n 43.333\n ],\n [\n -124.7,\n 42.167\n ],\n [\n -124.383,\n 42.167\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abde4b07f02db674142","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clifton, H. Edward","contributorId":46503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clifton","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"Edward","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3721,"text":"cir554 - 1968 - Hydrology for urban land planning - A guidebook on the hydrologic effects of urban land use","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-12T14:08:05","indexId":"cir554","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"554","title":"Hydrology for urban land planning - A guidebook on the hydrologic effects of urban land use","docAbstract":"This circular attempts to summarize existing knowledge of the effects of urbanization on hydrologic factors. It also attempts to express this knowledge in terms that the planner can use to test alternatives during the planning process. Because the available data used in this report are applied to a portion of the Brandywine Creek basin in Pennsylvania, this can be considered as a report on the basic hydrologic conditions of the Brandywine Creek basin prior to the beginning of major urbanization. Because the available data are not yet adequate, this report can be considered as a compilation of tentative suggestions in the form of an explanatory, not a definitive handbook.
\nThe application of current knowledge of the hydrologic effects of urbanization to the Brandywine should be viewed as a forecast of conditions which may be expected as urbanization proceeds. By making such forecasts in advance of actual urban development, the methods can be tested, data can be extended, and procedures improved as verification becomes possible.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir554","usgsCitation":"Leopold, L.B., 1968, Hydrology for urban land planning - A guidebook on the hydrologic effects of urban land use: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 554, iii, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir554.","productDescription":"iii, 18 p.","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science 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[\n -75.99105834960938,\n 39.95291166179976\n ],\n [\n -75.98556518554688,\n 39.97659391922923\n ],\n [\n -75.96565246582031,\n 40.00079396953218\n ],\n [\n -75.95603942871092,\n 40.01920130768676\n ],\n [\n -75.93406677246094,\n 40.046014541872594\n ],\n [\n -75.94367980957031,\n 40.08279985497752\n ],\n [\n -75.92514038085938,\n 40.103811115385035\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db604b14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leopold, Luna Bergere","contributorId":93884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leopold","given":"Luna","email":"","middleInitial":"Bergere","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3612,"text":"cir556 - 1968 - Estimated use of water in the United States, 1965","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-09T13:35:20","indexId":"cir556","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"556","title":"Estimated use of water in the United States, 1965","docAbstract":"Estimates of water use in the United States for 1965 indicate that an average of about 310 bgd (billion gallons per day) were withdrawn for public-supply, rural domestic and livestock, irrigation, and industrial (including thermoelectric power)uses--that is, about 1,600 gallons per capita per day. This represents an increase of 15 percent over the withdrawal of 270 bgd reported for 1960. Fresh water withdrawals for thermoelectric power generation increased nearly 25 percent during the 5 years, and saline water withdrawals increased 33 percent. An additional 2,300 bgd was used for hydroelectric power generation (waterpower), which also represented a 15-percent increase in 5 years. The quantity of water consumed-that is, water made unavailable for further possible withdrawal because of evaporation, incorporation in manufactured products, and other causes - was estimated to average 78 bgd for 1965, an increase of about 28 percent since 1960.
Estimates made of the quantities of water withdrawn from surface and ground-water sources indicate withdrawals of 61 bgd of ground water, of which nearly 0.5 bgd was saline, and 250 bgd of surface water, of which 44 bgd was saline. The estimated amount of saline water used by industry increased 36 percent from 1960 to 1965. In addition to surface and ground water sources, reclaimed sewage supplied two-thirds of a billion gallons per day, mainly to irrigation and industry.
The average annual streamflow in the United States is approximately 1,200 bgd, about four times the amount withdrawn for all purposes (except hydroelectric power) in 1965, and more than 15 times the estimated quantity of water consumed. However, comparisons of supply and demand in many river basins show that repeated use of the water is made, and at times in some basins all the available supply is consumed.
In addition to tabulations of water-use data by States and by the water-use regions previously used, water-use tables are also given for the regions recently defined by the Water Resources Council for its national assessment.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/cir556","usgsCitation":"Murray, C.R., 1968, Estimated use of water in the United States, 1965: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 556, vi, 53 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir556.","productDescription":"vi, 53 p.","numberOfPages":"62","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":30648,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1968/0556/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124363,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1968/0556/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e70a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murray, Charles Richard","contributorId":34115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"Richard","affiliations":[{"id":36966,"text":"Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":147256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3123,"text":"wsp1744 - 1968 - Quality of surface waters of the United States, 1960 parts 7 and 8, lower Mississippi river basin and western gulf of Mexico basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:38","indexId":"wsp1744","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1744","title":"Quality of surface waters of the United States, 1960 parts 7 and 8, lower Mississippi river basin and western gulf of Mexico basins","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1744","usgsCitation":"Love, S.K., 1968, Quality of surface waters of the United States, 1960 parts 7 and 8, lower Mississippi river basin and western gulf of Mexico basins: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1744, xi, 548 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1744.","productDescription":"xi, 548 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139456,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1744/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30035,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1744/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8be4b07f02db651baf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Love, S. K.","contributorId":27419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Love","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3493,"text":"cir599 - 1968 - The determination of gold in geologic materials by neutron-activation analysis using fire assay for the radiochemical separations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-27T17:52:00","indexId":"cir599","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"599","title":"The determination of gold in geologic materials by neutron-activation analysis using fire assay for the radiochemical separations","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir599","usgsCitation":"Rowe, J.J., and Simon, F.O., 1968, The determination of gold in geologic materials by neutron-activation analysis using fire assay for the radiochemical separations: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 599, iii, 4 p. :illus. ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir599.","productDescription":"iii, 4 p. :illus. ;26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":30501,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1968/0599/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":118210,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1968/0599/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629a71","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rowe, Jack James","contributorId":73583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowe","given":"Jack","email":"","middleInitial":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simon, Frederick Otto","contributorId":30616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simon","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"Otto","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":3490,"text":"cir565 - 1968 - Cassiterite in gold placers at Humboldt Creek, Serpentine-Kougarok area, Seward Peninsula, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-02T22:54:33.871252","indexId":"cir565","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"565","title":"Cassiterite in gold placers at Humboldt Creek, Serpentine-Kougarok area, Seward Peninsula, Alaska","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir565","usgsCitation":"Sainsbury, C., Kachadoorain, R., Smith, T.E., and Todd, W.C., 1968, Cassiterite in gold placers at Humboldt Creek, Serpentine-Kougarok area, Seward Peninsula, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 565, iii, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir565.","productDescription":"iii, 7 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":413636,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_23779.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":30499,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1968/0565/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":139501,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1968/0565/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Humboldt Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -165.283,\n 65.89\n ],\n [\n -165.283,\n 65.483\n ],\n [\n -164.375,\n 65.483\n ],\n [\n -164.375,\n 65.89\n ],\n [\n -165.283,\n 65.89\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f3e4b07f02db5efccf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sainsbury, C.L.","contributorId":99968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sainsbury","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kachadoorain, Reuben","contributorId":97893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kachadoorain","given":"Reuben","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, T. E.","contributorId":23530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Todd, W. C.","contributorId":50507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Todd","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":3629,"text":"cir605 - 1968 - Gold distribution on the sea floor off the Klamath Mountains, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-25T15:32:15","indexId":"cir605","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"605","title":"Gold distribution on the sea floor off the Klamath Mountains, California","docAbstract":"Analyses of 82 samples collected from the surface of the continental shelf between the Oregon-California border and Eureka, Calif., indicate that the background gold content on this shelf is about 0.1 ppb (part per billion). Four anomalous tracts, which range in extent from 10 to 30 square kilometers, have gold values above 10 ppb, and the richest sample contains 300 ppb. The anomalous areas seem to lack a close correlation with water depth, but they are related to areas underlain by soft Cenozoic strata that contain small quantities of dispersed gold originally derived from lodes in the Klarnath Mountains. This relationship suggests that the offshore gold accumulations are lag concentrates produced from the Cenozoic deposits by wave erosion during the postglacial rise in sea level. Gold contents at the surface are too low for economic recovery, and drilling will be required to determine whether the anomalous areas are underlain by higher grade material.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir605","usgsCitation":"Moore, G.W., and Silver, E.A., 1968, Gold distribution on the sea floor off the Klamath Mountains, California: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 605, iii, 9 p. :maps. ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir605.","productDescription":"iii, 9 p. :maps. ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":30672,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1968/0605/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122611,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1968/0605/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abde4b07f02db6740e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, George William","contributorId":89123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Silver, Eli A.","contributorId":83505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silver","given":"Eli","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":3860,"text":"cir595 - 1968 - Geochemical and geophysical anomalies in the western part of the Sheep Creek Range, Lander County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-25T13:10:21","indexId":"cir595","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"595","title":"Geochemical and geophysical anomalies in the western part of the Sheep Creek Range, Lander County, Nevada","docAbstract":"Extensive geochemical anomalies are present along the west side of the Sheep Creek Range in Lander County, Nev. Anomalous concentrations of zinc, arsenic, mercury, silver, copper, lead, and to some extent gold, molybdenum, and antimony occur in iron-rich material along fracture planes and in quartz veins in Paleozoic formations. \r\n\r\nA magnetic anomaly occurs over a pediment at the southern part of the range, close to one of the geochemical anomalies. Gravity and electrical resistivity measurements suggest that the magnetic anomaly is caused by an intrusive igneous mass rather than by a block of downfaulted basalt. A limited amount of shallow drilling would clarify the geochemical and geophysical data.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir595","usgsCitation":"Gott, G.B., and Zablocki, C.J., 1968, Geochemical and geophysical anomalies in the western part of the Sheep Creek Range, Lander County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 595, iii, 17 p. :illus., maps. ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir595.","productDescription":"iii, 17 p. :illus., maps. ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":30941,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1968/0595/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123196,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1968/0595/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae76d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gott, Garland Bayard","contributorId":6420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gott","given":"Garland","email":"","middleInitial":"Bayard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zablocki, Charles J.","contributorId":48961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zablocki","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":3632,"text":"cir551 - 1968 - Water temperatures in the lower Columbia River","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":55914,"text":"ofr69173 - 1969 - Water temperatures in the Columbia River basin, water year 1968","indexId":"ofr69173","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"title":"Water temperatures in the Columbia River basin, water year 1968"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":3632,"text":"cir551 - 1968 - Water temperatures in the lower Columbia River","indexId":"cir551","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"title":"Water temperatures in the lower Columbia River"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-03T13:52:20","indexId":"cir551","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"551","title":"Water temperatures in the lower Columbia River","docAbstract":"Daily observations of water temperature for 20 sites in the lower Columbia River are presented in tabular form and in profile form by months for the period August 1941 to July 1942. The profiles show minimum, mean (average), and maximum water temperatures for those months from river mile 142 to river mile 6.7. The data indicate that water temperature in the lower river trends upward from October to March and has no marked trend, or trends downward, during April to September. \r\n\r\nAnalysis of the water-temperature records at Bonneville Dam (river mile 146.1) for the 1938-66 period of record show-s that the months from August 1941 to July 1942 are fairly representative of average conditions except for August and January, which are about 3 ?F above and 4 ?F below average, respectively. Analysis of the Bonneville Dam records also indicates that in the mid-1950's a man-caused change in water-temperature regimen occurred that resulted in higher temperatures at Bonneville Dam for 10 months of the year but no change in March and April. The changes for the other months ranged from +0.5 ? to +2.0?F. This means that average temperatures for the lower river are now somewhat warmer for most months than temperatures shown in the profiles.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior,","doi":"10.3133/cir551","usgsCitation":"Moore, A.M., 1968, Water temperatures in the lower Columbia River: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 551, iv, 45 p. :ill., maps. ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir551.","productDescription":"iv, 45 p. :ill., maps. ;26 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":117476,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1968/0551/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30675,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1968/0551/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f00c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, Albert M.","contributorId":23529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Albert","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3852,"text":"cir600 - 1968 - Geochemical evidence for possible concealed mineral deposits near the Monticello Box, northern Sierra Cuchillo, Socorro County, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-25T13:10:24","indexId":"cir600","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"600","title":"Geochemical evidence for possible concealed mineral deposits near the Monticello Box, northern Sierra Cuchillo, Socorro County, New Mexico","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir600","usgsCitation":"Griffitts, W.R., and Alminas, H.V., 1968, Geochemical evidence for possible concealed mineral deposits near the Monticello Box, northern Sierra Cuchillo, Socorro County, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 600, iii, 13 p. :illus., maps. ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir600.","productDescription":"iii, 13 p. :illus., maps. ;26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":30926,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1968/0600/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":117883,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1968/0600/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae2ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Griffitts, Wallace R.","contributorId":103260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffitts","given":"Wallace","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alminas, Henry V.","contributorId":59783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alminas","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":3482,"text":"cir602 - 1968 - Sand and gravel on the continental shelf off the northeastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-27T17:52:04","indexId":"cir602","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"602","title":"Sand and gravel on the continental shelf off the northeastern United States","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir602","usgsCitation":"Schlee, J.S., 1968, Sand and gravel on the continental shelf off the northeastern United States: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 602, iii, 9 p. :illus., maps. ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir602.","productDescription":"iii, 9 p. :illus., maps. ;26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":118008,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1968/0602/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30493,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1968/0602/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdd45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schlee, John Stevens","contributorId":46501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schlee","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"Stevens","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3848,"text":"cir591 - 1968 - Direct-current arc and alternating-current spark emission spectrographic field methods for the semiquantitative analysis of geologic materials","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-25T15:32:26","indexId":"cir591","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"591","title":"Direct-current arc and alternating-current spark emission spectrographic field methods for the semiquantitative analysis of geologic materials","docAbstract":"Two spectrographic methods are used in mobile field laboratories of the U. S. Geological Survey. In the direct-current arc method, the ground sample is mixed with graphite powder, packed into an electrode crater, and burned to completion. Thirty elements are determined. In the spark method, the sample, ground to pass a 150-mesh screen, is digested in hydrofluoric acid followed by evaporation to dryness and dissolution in aqua regia. The solution is fed into the spark gap by means of a rotating-disk electrode arrangement and is excited with an alternating-current spark discharge. Fourteen elements are determined. In both techniques, light is recorded on Spectrum Analysis No. 1, 35-millimeter film, and the spectra are compared visually with those of standard films.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir591","usgsCitation":"Grimes, D.J., and Marranzino, A., 1968, Direct-current arc and alternating-current spark emission spectrographic field methods for the semiquantitative analysis of geologic materials: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 591, iii, 6 p. :illus. ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir591.","productDescription":"iii, 6 p. :illus. ;26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":30922,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1968/0591/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":121291,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1968/0591/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64abea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grimes, D. J.","contributorId":73575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grimes","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marranzino, A. P.","contributorId":61798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marranzino","given":"A. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":4678,"text":"twri03A2 - 1968 - Measurement of peak discharge by the slope-area method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:31","indexId":"twri03A2","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":336,"text":"Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations","code":"TWRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"03-A2","title":"Measurement of peak discharge by the slope-area method","docAbstract":"This chapter describes application of the Manning equation to measure peak discharge in open channels. Field and office procedures limited to this method are described. Selection of reaches and cross sections is detailed, discharge equations are given, and a complete facsimile example of computation of a slope-area measurement is also given.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Department of the Interior :for sale by the Supt. of Docs., U. S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/twri03A2","issn":"0565-596X","usgsCitation":"Dalrymple, T., and Benson, M.A., 1968, Measurement of peak discharge by the slope-area method: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations 03-A2, v, 12 p. :ill. ; 26 cm. Reprinted in 1984, 1989., https://doi.org/10.3133/twri03A2.","productDescription":"v, 12 p. :ill. ; 26 cm. Reprinted in 1984, 1989.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139141,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":239,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri3-a2/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a28e4b07f02db611181","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dalrymple, Tate","contributorId":59420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dalrymple","given":"Tate","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Benson, M. A.","contributorId":32510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}