We studied the ecological health of springs experiencing varying levels of urban development to assess impacts to rare endemic salamanders (Eurycea spp.) of Central Texas. We evaluated measures of invertebrate species richness, water quality, and contaminant uptake by salamanders to determine how springs and their inhabitants were being affected by urban growth and changing land-use patterns. The number of environmental contaminants present and concentrations of contaminants increased in both water and salamander tissues with increasing age of the developments (i.e., years postconstruction) and increasing levels of impervious cover (e.g., roads) in urban watersheds compared with nondeveloped sites. We conclude that urbanization and associated increases in pollutant loading in watersheds can result in a loss of spring biodiversity and the accumulation of persistent and potentially toxic pollutants in salamanders. Although we detected generally low levels of pollutants, the altered water quality and invertebrate composition observed at springs, coupled with the changing hydrology and chronic contaminant exposure inherent in urban landscapes, is cause for concern, with potential implications for the long-term health, survival, and recovery of salamanders.
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Gene expression changes in white blood cells were assessed in manatees rescued from a red tide affected area (n = 4) and a control group (n = 7) using RNA sequencing. The genes with the largest fold changes were compared between the two groups to identify molecular pathways related to cellular and disease processes. In total, 591 genes (false discovery rate <0.05) were differentially expressed in the red tide group. Of these, 158 were upregulated and 433 were downregulated. This suggests major changes in white blood cell composition following an exposure to red tide. The most highly upregulated gene, Osteoclast associated 2C immunoglobulin-like receptor (OSCAR), was upregulated 12-fold. This gene is involved in initiating the immune response and maintaining a role in adaptive and innate immunity. The most highly downregulated gene, Piccolo presynaptic cytomatrix protein (PCLO), was downregulated by a factor of 977-fold. This gene is associated with cognitive functioning and neurotransmitter release. Downregulation of this gene in other studies was associated with neuronal loss and neuron synapse dysfunction. Among the cellular pathways that were most affected, immune response, including inflammation, wounds and injuries, cell proliferation, and apoptosis were the most predominant. The pathway with the most differentially expressed genes was the immune response pathway with 98 genes involved, many of them downregulated. Assessing the changes in gene expression associated with red tide exposure enhances our understanding of manatee immune response to the red tide toxins and will aid in the development of red tide biomarkers.
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Tracking resources that change across space and time is predicted to be a fundamental driver of animal movement [2]. For example, some migratory ungulates (i.e., hooved mammals) closely track the progression of highly nutritious plant green-up, a phenomenon called “green-wave surfing” [3-5]. Yet, general principles describing how the dynamic nature of resources determine movement tactics are lacking [6]. We tested emerging theory that predicts surfing and the existence of migratory behavior will be favored in environments where green-up is fleeting and moves sequentially across large landscapes (i.e., wave-like green-up) [7]. Landscapes exhibiting wave-like patterns of green-up facilitated surfing and explained the existence of migratory behavior across 61 populations of four ungulate species on two continents (n=1,696 individuals). At the species level, foraging benefits were equivalent between tactics, suggesting that each movement tactic is fine tuned to local patterns of plant phenology. For decades, ecologists have sought to understand how animals move to select habitat, commonly defining habitat as a set of static patches [8, 9]. Our findings indicate that animal movement tactics emerge as a function of the flux of resources across space and time, underscoring the need to redefine habitat to include its dynamic attributes. As global habitats continue to be modified by anthropogenic disturbance and climate change [10], our synthesis provides a generalizable framework to understand how animal movement will be influenced by altered patterns of resource phenology.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2020.06.032","usgsCitation":"Aikens, E., Mysterud, A., Merkle, J., Cagnacci, F., Rivrud, I.M., Hebblewhite, M., Hurley, M., Peters, W., Bergen, S., De Groeve, J., Dwinnell, S.P., Gehr, B., Heurich, M., Mark Hewison, A.J., Jarnemo, A., Kjellander, P., Kroschel, M., Licoppe, A., Linnell, J., Merrill, E.H., Middleton, A.D., Morellet, N., Neufeld, L., Ortega, A.C., Parker, K.L., Pedrotti, L., Proffitt, K., Said, S., Sawyer, H., Scurlock, B.M., Signer, J., Stent, P., Sustr, P., Szkorupa, T., Monteith, K., and Kauffman, M., 2020, Wave-like patterns of plant phenology determine ungulate movement tactics: Current Biology, v. 30, no. 17, p. 3444-3449, 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A wildfire near Boulder, Colorado that burned a forested watershed recovering from mining disturbance that occurred 80-160 years ago allowed us to 1) assess arsenic and metal contamination in streams draining the burned area for a five-year period after the wildfire and 2) determine the fire-affected hydrologic drivers that convey arsenic and metals to surface water. Most metal concentrations were low in the circumneutral waters draining the burned area. Water and sediment collected from streams downstream of the burned area had elevated arsenic concentrations during and after post-fire storms. Mining-related deposits were the main source of arsenic to streams. An increased proportion of overland flow relative to infiltration after the fire mobilized arsenic- and metal- rich surface deposits and wildfire ash into streams within and downstream of the burned area. The deposition of this sediment into stream channels resulted in the remobilization of arsenic for the five-year post-fire study period. It is also possible that enhanced subsurface flow after the fire increased contact of water with arsenic-bearing minerals exposed in underground mine workings. Other studies have reported that wildfire ash can be an important source of arsenic and metals to surface waters, but wildfire ash was not an important source of arsenic in this study. Predicted increases in frequency, size, and intensity of wildfires in the western U.S., a region with widely dispersed historical mines, suggest that the intersection of legacy mining and post-wildfire hydrologic response poses an increasing risk for water supplies.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140635","usgsCitation":"Murphy, S.F., McCleskey, R., Martin, D.A., Holloway, J.M., and Writer, J., 2020, Wildfire-driven changes in hydrology mobilize arsenic and metals from legacy mine waste: Science of the Total Environment, v. 743, 140635, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140635.","productDescription":"140635, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-118726","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":456160,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140635","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436899,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P941BIYS","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Chemistry of water, stream sediment, wildfire ash, soil, dust, and mine waste for Fourmile Creek Watershed, Colorado, 2010-2019"},{"id":376298,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Boulder","otherGeospatial":"Four Mile Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.45948028564453,\n 39.98211859887411\n ],\n [\n -105.33416748046875,\n 39.98211859887411\n ],\n [\n -105.33416748046875,\n 40.04049503186035\n ],\n [\n -105.45948028564453,\n 40.04049503186035\n ],\n [\n -105.45948028564453,\n 39.98211859887411\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"743","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murphy, Sheila F. 0000-0002-5481-3635 sfmurphy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5481-3635","contributorId":1854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"Sheila","email":"sfmurphy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCleskey, R. Blaine 0000-0002-2521-8052","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2521-8052","contributorId":205663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCleskey","given":"R. Blaine","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martin, Deborah A. 0000-0001-8237-0838 damartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8237-0838","contributorId":168662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Deborah","email":"damartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Holloway, JoAnn M. 0000-0003-3603-7668","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3603-7668","contributorId":201855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holloway","given":"JoAnn","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Writer, Jeffrey H.","contributorId":203440,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Writer","given":"Jeffrey H.","affiliations":[{"id":36621,"text":"University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":792590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70211042,"text":"70211042 - 2020 - Report on the workshop ‘Next Steps in Developing Nature Futures’","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-13T13:36:18.200299","indexId":"70211042","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-02T08:26:09","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Report on the workshop ‘Next Steps in Developing Nature Futures’","docAbstract":"The workshop ‘New Narratives for Nature: operationalizing the IPBES Nature Futures Scenarios’ was organised by the IPBES task force on scenarios and models and hosted by the Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES), with support from the research team on “Predicting and Assessing Natural Capital and Ecosystem Services through an Integrated Social-Ecological Systems Approach (PANCES)” based at the University of Tokyo, the Research Institute for Humanity and Nature (RIHN), and the United Nations University, with generous financial support from the Ministry of the Environment of Japan. \n\nDue to the COVID-19 virus outbreak, most task force members participated through virtual means, with a subset of task force members meeting in person in Japan.\n\nThe aim of the workshop was to build on the Nature Futures Framework (NFF) and on the ‘nature futures’ participatory scenario-development work initiated by the IPBES expert group on scenarios and models in the first IPBES work programme. This workshop aims to further elaborate the pre-workshop scenario narratives and to enrich discussions on the NFF. The workshop also served to start working on a more detailed task force work plan.\n\nThese aims were achieved through:\n• Task force sessions on the further formulation of the Nature Futures narratives.\n• Task force sessions on the cross-comparison of draft narratives and the further elaboration of the historical-present narrative.\n• Organisational sessions to begin the drafting of sub-deliverable-specific work plans.\n• In parallel to the task force workshop, collaborative sessions between the task force and Japanese researchers took place to discuss the application of the Nature Futures Framework at the national scale, using existing national level scenarios from Japan.\n• A public seminar, in Japan, for a wider audience introducing the scenarios and models task force’s work, the concept of the Nature Futures Framework, and fostered discussions on the concept of transformative change.\n\nSummary of outputs of the workshop in Japan\n• 6 NEW scenario narratives drafts – an evolution of the pre-workshop work using the narrative templates, into a more coherent set of narratives fitting their locations in the Nature Futures Framework, including some illustrative visualisations. \n• A cross-comparison table – to identify the core similarities and differences across the 6 new narratives (including single narrative-between-narrative comparisons).\n• A discussion on how to continue further development, requiring identifying pathways to complete the 6 new narratives.\n• 1 historical-to-present narrative draft – also an evolution of work done prior to the workshop. The task force has yet to synthesize and shorten this draft, ensuring linkages with topics detailed in the 6 new narratives into a more digestible level.\n• Elaboration of a follow-up plan for further development of the narratives, post-workshop, through a “buddy” system of in-depth online discussions per and between narratives. \n• 1 Japan case study – on fitting national level scenarios into the Nature Futures Framework. A summary will be shared by the team who worked closely on this with the PANCES partners, which we expect will give interesting insights to the cross-scale application of the Nature Futures Framework.\n• Detailed work plan implementation drafts (ongoing post workshop in sub-groups).","language":"English","publisher":"PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency","collaboration":"Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services; And Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES), University of Tokyo, Research Institute for Humanity and Nature (RIHN), United Nations University, Ministry of the Environment of Japan","usgsCitation":"Schoolenberg, M., Okayasu, S., Alkemade, R., Krijgsman, A., Dutra de Aguiar, A.P., Hashimoto, S., Lundquist, C.J., Pereira, L., Peterson, G., Armenteras, D., Cheung, W.W., Diaw, M.C., Duran, A.P., Gasalla, M., Halouani, G., Harrisson, P., Karlsson-Vinkhuyzen, S., Kim, H., Kuiper, J.J., Miller, B., Takahashi, Y., and Pichs, R., 2020, Report on the workshop ‘Next Steps in Developing Nature Futures’, i, 37 p.","productDescription":"i, 37 p.","ipdsId":"IP-118520","costCenters":[{"id":40927,"text":"North Central Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":376289,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":376282,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.pbl.nl/en/publications/report-on-the-workshop-%E2%80%98new-narratives-for-nature-operationalizing-the-ipbes-nature-futures-scenarios%E2%80%99"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schoolenberg, Machteld","contributorId":228931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schoolenberg","given":"Machteld","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":41529,"text":"PBL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":792551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Okayasu, Sana","contributorId":228932,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Okayasu","given":"Sana","affiliations":[{"id":41529,"text":"PBL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":792552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alkemade, Rob 0000-0001-8761-1768","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8761-1768","contributorId":202614,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alkemade","given":"Rob","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36496,"text":"PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":792559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krijgsman, Amanda","contributorId":228933,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krijgsman","given":"Amanda","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":41529,"text":"PBL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":792553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dutra de Aguiar, Ana Paula","contributorId":228934,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dutra de Aguiar","given":"Ana","email":"","middleInitial":"Paula","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":792554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hashimoto, Shizuka","contributorId":228935,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hashimoto","given":"Shizuka","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":792555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lundquist, Carolyn J.","contributorId":213140,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lundquist","given":"Carolyn","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":792556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Pereira, Laura","contributorId":228936,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pereira","given":"Laura","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":792557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Peterson, Garry","contributorId":228937,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"Garry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":792558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Armenteras, Dolors","contributorId":228938,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Armenteras","given":"Dolors","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":792560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Cheung, William W. L.","contributorId":221038,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cheung","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"W. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":792561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Diaw, Mariteuw Chimere","contributorId":228939,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Diaw","given":"Mariteuw","email":"","middleInitial":"Chimere","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":792563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Duran, America Paz","contributorId":228940,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duran","given":"America","email":"","middleInitial":"Paz","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":792564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Gasalla, Maria","contributorId":228941,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gasalla","given":"Maria","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":792565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Halouani, Ghassen","contributorId":228942,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Halouani","given":"Ghassen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":792566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Harrisson, Paula","contributorId":228943,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harrisson","given":"Paula","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":792567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Karlsson-Vinkhuyzen, Sylvia","contributorId":228944,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karlsson-Vinkhuyzen","given":"Sylvia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":792568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Kim, HyeJin","contributorId":228945,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kim","given":"HyeJin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":792569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Kuiper, Jan J.","contributorId":222013,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kuiper","given":"Jan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40465,"text":"Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":792570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Miller, Brian W. 0000-0003-1716-1161 bwmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1716-1161","contributorId":195418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Brian W.","email":"bwmiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":477,"text":"North Central Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":792571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Takahashi, Yasuo","contributorId":221515,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Takahashi","given":"Yasuo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":792572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Pichs, Ramon","contributorId":228957,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pichs","given":"Ramon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":792595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22}]}} ,{"id":70219051,"text":"70219051 - 2020 - Fish growth rates and lake sulphate explain variation in mercury levels in ninespine stickleback (Pungitius pungitius) on the Arctic Coastal Plain of Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-22T13:16:14.021201","indexId":"70219051","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-02T08:11:09","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fish growth rates and lake sulphate explain variation in mercury levels in ninespine stickleback (Pungitius pungitius) on the Arctic Coastal Plain of Alaska","docAbstract":"Mercury concentrations in freshwater food webs are governed by complex biogeochemical and ecological interactions that spatially vary and are often mediated by climate. The Arctic Coastal Plain of Alaska (ACP) is a heterogeneous, lake-rich landscape where variability in mercury accumulation is poorly understood. Earlier research indicated that the level of catchment influence on lakes varied spatially on the ACP, and affected mercury accumulation in lake sediments. This work sought to determine drivers of spatial variation in mercury accumulation in lake food webs on the ACP. Three lakes that were a priori identified as “high catchment influence” (Reindeer Camp region) and three lakes that were a priori identified as “low catchment influence” (Atqasuk region) were sampled, and variability in water chemistry, food web ecology, and mercury accumulation was investigated. Among-lake differences in ninespine stickleback (Pungitius pungitius) length-adjusted methylmercury concentrations were significantly explained by sulphate concentration in lake water, a tracer of catchment runoff input. This effect was mediated by fish growth, which had no pattern between regions. Together, lake water sulphate concentration and fish age-at-size (proxy for growth) accounted for nearly all of the among-lake variability in length-adjusted methylmercury concentrations in stickleback (R2adj = 0.94, p < 0.01). The percentage of total mercury as methylmercury (a proxy for net Hg methylation) was higher in sediments of more autochthonous, “low catchment influence” lakes (p < 0.05), and in the periphyton of more allochthonous, “high catchment influence” lakes (p < 0.05). The results indicate that dominant sources of primary production (littoral macrophyte/biofilm vs. pelagic phytoplankton) and food web structure (detrital vs. grazing) are regulated by catchment characteristics on the ACP, and that this ultimately influences the amount of methylmercury in the aquatic food web. These results have important implications for predicting future mercury concentrations in fish in lakes where fish growth rates and catchment inputs may change in response to a changing climate.
The Biological Condition Gradient (BCG) is a conceptual model that describes changes in aquatic communities under increasing levels of anthropogenic stress. The BCG helps decision-makers connect narrative water quality goals (e.g., maintenance of natural structure and function) to quantitative measures of ecological condition by linking index thresholds based on statistical distributions (e.g., percentiles of reference distributions) to expert descriptions of changes in biological condition along disturbance gradients. As a result, the BCG may be more meaningful to managers and the public than indices alone. To develop a BCG model, biological response to stress is divided into 6 levels of condition, represented as changes in biological structure (abundance and diversity of pollution sensitive versus tolerant taxa) and function. We developed benthic macroinvertebrate (BMI) and algal BCG models for California perennial wadeable streams to support interpretation of percentiles of reference-based thresholds for bioassessment indices (i.e., the California Stream Condition Index [CSCI] for BMI and the Algal Stream Condition Index [ASCI] for diatoms and soft-bodied algae). Two panels (one of BMI ecologists and the other of algal ecologists) each calibrated a general BCG model to California wadeable streams by first assigning taxa to specific tolerance and sensitivity attributes, and then independently assigning test samples (264 BMI and 248 algae samples) to BCG Levels 1–6. Consensus on the assignments was developed within each assemblage panel using a modified Delphi method. Panels then developed detailed narratives of changes in BMI and algal taxa that correspond to the 6 BCG levels. Consensus among experts was high, with 81% and 82% expert agreement within 0.5 units of assigned BCG level for BMIs and algae, respectively. According to both BCG models, the 10th percentiles index scores at reference sites corresponded to a BCG Level 3, suggesting that this type of threshold would protect against moderate changes in structure and function while allowing loss of some sensitive taxa. The BCG provides a framework to interpret changes in aquatic biological condition along a gradient of stress. The resulting relationship between index scores and BCG levels and narratives can help decision-makers select thresholds and communicate how these values protect aquatic life use goals.
The Planchón Peteroa Volcanic Complex (PPVC) is located on the border of Chile and Argentina, and is one of the most active volcanic systems in the Andes. Holocene activity has included magma-water interaction with an evolving series of crater lakes, mainly sourced from Peteroa volcano. This study examines data from the 2018/19 eruption, together with the volcanic history of the PPVC, to elucidate the complex interplay between magmatic activity and summit water and ice. From February 2016 to mid-2019, three seismic swarms occurred in the PPVC, preceding the explosive eruption from September 2018 to April 2019. The activity originated from a small vent nested within the easternmost crater, the most active portion of the complex (Peteroa). The explosions interacted with a crater lake, producing ash plumes up to 2 km above the crater and building a small tephra cone. To investigate the eruption mechanisms, we performed remote sensing analysis of plume dispersal, thermal anomalies and ground deformation, and characterized the volcanic products, including grain size, componentry, morphology, internal textures, composition and mineralogy. Our results suggest that the precursory seismicity beginning in 2016 was related to the intrusion of a new magma batch that reached the surface during the 2018/19 eruption. The eruption was also preceded by thermal anomalies, geomorphic changes and increased hydrothermal activity at the surface, though without any ground deformation recognized through radar interferometry (InSAR). The eruption initially produced predominantly recycled ash (phreatic activity), then evolved to increasing proportions of juvenile magma (phreatomagmatic) by April 2019. The juvenile clasts had a trachyandesite composition (~59 wt% SiO2), with vesicular and dense scoria containing plagioclase and pyroxene. The ash surfaces show external quenching cracks and step fractures consistent with phreatomagmatic fragmentation within the active crater lake. Textural characteristics also point to a slowly ascending batch of magma that was relatively viscous by the time it interacted with water in the crater lake. Notably, these juvenile particles are distinctive from the pre-2018 products. Ash erupted from 2010/11 did not contain recognizable juvenile material, and is inferred to have been a mainly phreatic eruption. Our findings suggest that the interplay between phreatic and phreatomagmatic eruptions fed by small magma batches intruding at shallow levels characterize much of the eruptive behavior of the PPVC during the last three decades. Multi-parametric assessment is a powerful tool to discriminate between phreatic and phreatomagmatic eruptions.
Accurate and complete geospatial fire occurrence records are important in determining postfire effects, emissions, hazards, and fuel loading inventories. Currently, the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (MTBS) project maps the fire perimeter and burn severity of all large fires on public lands. Although the MTBS project maps a large proportion of the fire acreage, it maps a smaller proportion of the actual number of fires in the United States, thereby creating a data gap. To fill this data gap, fire scientists at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Earth Resources Observation and Science Center (EROS; Sioux Falls, South Dakota) proposed creating an open-source Fire Mapping Tool (FMT; available at https://mtbs.gov/qgis-fire-mapping-tool) as part of a two-phase National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Applied Fire Science Program grant. Phase II developed the FMT to map burn perimeters and severity not included in the MTBS database. This paper will focus on Phase II and will explain the algorithms that enhance the FMT’s functionality, demonstrate fire mapping procedures, and provide an example comparison between MTBS analyst fire products and those mapped using the FMT. The overall goal in the production of the FMT was to provide a freely available tool that can be used to map fires anywhere in the world.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the fire continuum- Preparing for the future of wildland fire","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Forest Service","usgsCitation":"Picotte, J.J., 2020, Development of a new open-source tool to map burned area and burn severity, in Proceedings of the fire continuum- Preparing for the future of wildland fire, p. 182-194.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"182","endPage":"194","ipdsId":"IP-097770","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":377462,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":377460,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs_series/rmrs/proc/rmrs_p078.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Paradise Fire","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.16404724121094,\n 47.5369059030354\n ],\n [\n -123.94020080566408,\n 47.62467785241324\n ],\n [\n -123.87187957763672,\n 47.68018294648414\n ],\n [\n -123.88011932373045,\n 47.70352370383532\n ],\n [\n -123.94191741943358,\n 47.674866264152534\n ],\n [\n -123.98929595947264,\n 47.64943116129891\n ],\n [\n -124.07718658447266,\n 47.636246278753234\n ],\n [\n -124.16130065917969,\n 47.60500565066204\n ],\n [\n -124.20387268066405,\n 47.5820839916191\n ],\n [\n -124.23099517822266,\n 47.56216409801383\n ],\n [\n -124.16439056396483,\n 47.535746978239125\n ],\n [\n -124.16404724121094,\n 47.5369059030354\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Picotte, Joshua J. 0000-0002-4021-4623 jpicotte@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4021-4623","contributorId":4626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Picotte","given":"Joshua","email":"jpicotte@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":796088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70211681,"text":"70211681 - 2020 - The potential of using dynamic strains in earthquake early warning applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-10T20:25:08.380546","indexId":"70211681","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-01T17:56:46","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The potential of using dynamic strains in earthquake early warning applications","docAbstract":"We investigate the potential of using borehole strainmeter data from the Network of the Americas (NOTA) and the U.S. Geological Survey networks to estimate earthquake moment magnitudes for earthquake early warning (EEW) applications. We derive an empirical equation relating peak dynamic strain, earthquake moment magnitude, and hypocentral distance, and investigate the effects of different types of instrument calibration on model misfit. We find that raw (uncalibrated) strains fit the model as accurately as calibrated strains. We test the model by estimating moment magnitudes of the largest two earthquakes in the July 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence—the M 6.4 foreshock and the M 7.1 mainshock—using two strainmeters located within ∼50 km of the rupture. In both the cases, the magnitude based on the dynamic strain component is within ∼0.1–0.4 magnitude units of the catalog moment magnitude. We then compare the temporal evolution of our strain‐derived magnitudes for the largest two Ridgecrest events to the real‐time performance of the ShakeAlert EEW System (SAS). The final magnitudes from NOTA borehole strainmeters are close to SAS real‐time estimates for the M 6.4 foreshock, and significantly more accurate for the M 7.1 mainshock.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0220190385","usgsCitation":"Farghal, N.S., Barbour, A.J., and Langbein, J., 2020, The potential of using dynamic strains in earthquake early warning applications: Seismological Research Letters, v. 91, no. 5, p. 2817-2827, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220190385.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2817","endPage":"2827","ipdsId":"IP-112135","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":377141,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"British Columbia, California, Oregon, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.158203125,\n 32.54681317351514\n ],\n [\n -114.345703125,\n 32.76880048488168\n ],\n [\n -114.345703125,\n 34.34343606848294\n ],\n [\n -120.05859375,\n 39.232253141714885\n ],\n [\n -120.14648437499999,\n 41.96765920367816\n ],\n [\n -119.61914062499999,\n 48.83579746243093\n ],\n [\n -123.96972656249999,\n 49.38237278700955\n ],\n [\n -126.3427734375,\n 49.866316729538674\n ],\n [\n -127.08984375000001,\n 48.22467264956519\n ],\n [\n -124.8486328125,\n 47.39834920035926\n ],\n [\n -124.76074218749999,\n 44.74673324024678\n ],\n [\n -125.33203125,\n 41.343824581185686\n ],\n [\n -124.01367187499999,\n 38.238180119798635\n ],\n [\n -121.728515625,\n 35.28150065789119\n ],\n [\n -119.66308593749999,\n 33.7243396617476\n ],\n [\n -117.158203125,\n 32.54681317351514\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"91","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Farghal, Noha Sameh Ahmed 0000-0001-8423-5066","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8423-5066","contributorId":237040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farghal","given":"Noha","email":"","middleInitial":"Sameh Ahmed","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":795045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barbour, Andrew J 0000-0001-6473-5493 abarbour@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6473-5493","contributorId":237041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barbour","given":"Andrew","email":"abarbour@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":795046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Langbein, John 0000-0002-7821-8101","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7821-8101","contributorId":212735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langbein","given":"John","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":795047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70228337,"text":"70228337 - 2020 - Living on the edge: Multi-scale analyses of bird habitat use in coastal marshes of Barataria Basin, Louisiana, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-09T22:45:53.971165","indexId":"70228337","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-01T16:38:32","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Living on the edge: Multi-scale analyses of bird habitat use in coastal marshes of Barataria Basin, Louisiana, USA","docAbstract":"Coastal marsh loss, combined with expected sea-level rise, will cause inundation and extensive shifts to vegetation and salinity regimes that may affect the bird species dependent on coastal ecosystems worldwide. Within coastal marsh habitats, birds provide key targets for coastal management goals. However, limited information on bird-habitat relationships within coastal marshes inhibits the development of restoration projects targeted to bird species. We surveyed birds bi-monthly within Barataria Basin, LA from July 2014 to December 2015 to compare their use between fresh and saline coastal marshes. Additionally, we examined habitat use at finer spatial scales to assess preference for marsh edge microhabitats. Edge habitat supported 1.8 times more bird species (guild) richness than emergent and open water habitat. We concluded that future modelling efforts would be improved if models incorporate edge effects for birds in coastal marshes that extend 20 m from emergent vegetation into open water, with a reduced effect if marsh types convert from fresh to saline. Our data will be useful to simulate the effects of changes in marsh type, area, and edge on habitat quality for birds in coastal Louisiana and will inform habitat restoration and management decisions aimed at optimizing bird use.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s13157-020-01324-2","usgsCitation":"Patton, B., Nyman, J.A., and La Peyre, M., 2020, Living on the edge: Multi-scale analyses of bird habitat use in coastal marshes of Barataria Basin, Louisiana, USA: Wetlands, v. 40, p. 2041-2054, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-020-01324-2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2041","endPage":"2054","ipdsId":"IP-098169","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499826,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://repository.lsu.edu/agrnr_pubs/602","text":"External Repository"},{"id":395743,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Barataria Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.8349609375,\n 28.714678586705976\n ],\n [\n -89.033203125,\n 28.714678586705976\n ],\n [\n -89.033203125,\n 30.32547125932808\n ],\n [\n -90.8349609375,\n 30.32547125932808\n ],\n [\n -90.8349609375,\n 28.714678586705976\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"40","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-06-27","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Patton, Brett 0000-0002-7396-3452 pattonb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7396-3452","contributorId":5458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patton","given":"Brett","email":"pattonb@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":833827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nyman, J. A.","contributorId":275213,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nyman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"La Peyre, Megan K. 0000-0001-9936-2252","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9936-2252","contributorId":264343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"La Peyre","given":"Megan K.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":833829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70211872,"text":"70211872 - 2020 - Regionally continuous Miocene rhyolites beneath the eastern Snake River Plain reveal localized flexure at its western margin: Idaho National Laboratory and vicinity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-15T20:23:40.067951","indexId":"70211872","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-01T16:07:01","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6000,"text":"The Mountain Geologist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regionally continuous Miocene rhyolites beneath the eastern Snake River Plain reveal localized flexure at its western margin: Idaho National Laboratory and vicinity","docAbstract":"The eastern Snake River Plain (ESRP) is a northeast-trending topographic basin interpreted to be the result of the time-transgressive track of the North American plate above the Yellowstone hotspot. The track is defined by the age progression of silicic volcanic rocks exposed along the margins of the ESRP. However, the bulk of these silicic rocks are buried under 1 to 3 kilometers of younger basalts. Here, silicic volcanic rocks recovered from boreholes that penetrate below the basalts, including INEL-1, WO-2 and new deep borehole USGS-142, are correlated with one another and to surface exposures to assess various models for ESRP subsidence. These correlations are established on U/Pb zircon and 40Ar/39Ar sanidine age determinations, phenocryst assemblages, major and trace element geochemistry, δ18O isotopic data from selected phenocrysts, and initial εHf values of zircon. These data suggest a correlation of: (1) the newly documented 8.1 ± 0.2 Ma rhyolite of Butte Quarry (sample 17KS03), exposed near Arco, Idaho to the upper-most Picabo volcanic field rhyolites found in borehole INEL-1; (2) the 6.73 ± 0.02 Ma East Arco Hills rhyolite (sample 16KS02) to the Blacktail Creek Tuff, which was also encountered at the bottom of borehole WO-2; and (3) the 6.42 ± 0.07 Ma rhyolite of borehole USGS-142 to the Walcott Tuff B encountered in deep borehole WO-2. These results show that rhyolites found along the western margin of the ESRP dip ~20º south-southeast toward the basin axis, and then gradually tilt less steeply in the subsurface as the axis is approached. This subsurface pattern of tilting is consistent with a previously proposed crustal flexural model of subsidence based only on surface exposures, but is inconsistent with subsidence models that require accommodation of ESRP subsidence on either a major normal fault or strike-slip fault.","language":"English","publisher":"Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists","doi":"10.31582/rmag.mg.57.3.241","usgsCitation":"Schusler, K.L., Pearson, D.M., McCurry, M.J., Bartholomay, R.C., and Anders, M.H., 2020, Regionally continuous Miocene rhyolites beneath the eastern Snake River Plain reveal localized flexure at its western margin: Idaho National Laboratory and vicinity: The Mountain Geologist, v. 57, no. 3, p. 241-270, https://doi.org/10.31582/rmag.mg.57.3.241.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"241","endPage":"270","ipdsId":"IP-112371","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":377936,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.18002319335938,\n 43.41302868475145\n ],\n [\n -111.93145751953125,\n 43.41302868475145\n ],\n [\n -111.93145751953125,\n 43.55651037504758\n ],\n [\n -112.18002319335938,\n 43.55651037504758\n ],\n [\n -112.18002319335938,\n 43.41302868475145\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"57","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-07-30","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schusler, Kyle L.","contributorId":237858,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schusler","given":"Kyle","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":38154,"text":"Idaho State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":795484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pearson, David M.","contributorId":237860,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pearson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":38154,"text":"Idaho State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":795485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCurry, Michael J.","contributorId":237861,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCurry","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":38154,"text":"Idaho State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":795486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bartholomay, Roy C. 0000-0002-4809-9287 rcbarth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4809-9287","contributorId":1131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholomay","given":"Roy","email":"rcbarth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":795487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Anders, Mark H.","contributorId":237862,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anders","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":39266,"text":"St. Lawrence University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":795488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70211964,"text":"70211964 - 2020 - Wildfire-driven forest conversion in western North American landscapes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-26T19:34:40.015956","indexId":"70211964","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-01T16:03:03","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":997,"text":"BioScience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wildfire-driven forest conversion in western North American landscapes","docAbstract":"Changing disturbance regimes and climate can overcome forest ecosystem resilience. Following high-severity fire, forest recovery may be compromised by lack of tree seed sources, warmer and drier postfire climate, or short-interval reburning. A potential outcome of the loss of resilience is the conversion of the prefire forest to a different forest type or nonforest vegetation. Conversion implies major, extensive, and enduring changes in dominant species, life forms, or functions, with impacts on ecosystem services. In the present article, we synthesize a growing body of evidence of fire-driven conversion and our understanding of its causes across western North America. We assess our capacity to predict conversion and highlight important uncertainties. Increasing forest vulnerability to changing fire activity and climate compels shifts in management approaches, and we propose key themes for applied research coproduced by scientists and managers to support decision-making in an era when the prefire forest may not return.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/biosci/biaa061","usgsCitation":"Coop, J.D., Parks, S.A., Stevens-Rumann, C., Crausbay, S.D., Higuera, P.E., Hurteau, M., Tepley, A.J., Whitman, E., Assal, T.J., Collins, B.M., Davis, K.T., Dobrowski, S., Falk, D.A., Fornwalt, P.J., Fule, P.Z., Harvey, B.J., Kane, V.R., Littlefield, C.E., Margolis, E.Q., North, M., Parisien, M., Prichard, S., and Rodman, K., 2020, Wildfire-driven forest conversion in western North American landscapes: BioScience, v. 70, no. 8, p. 659-673, https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biaa061.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"659","endPage":"673","ipdsId":"IP-114399","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":456167,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biaa061","text":"Publisher Index 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In cooperation with partner agencies, the USGS maintains a network of sensors that continuously and autonomously measures water-quality parameters in San Francisco Bay including water temperature, specific conductance, turbidity, and suspended-sediment concentration. Data are collected at several locations in the estuary by a network of water-quality sondes sampled at 15-minute intervals. Methods of data collection are presented along with documentation of the regression models utilized to estimate suspended-sediment concentration from observed turbidity, a commonly utilized surrogate to estimate suspended-sediment concentration. The goals of the data collection effort are to (1) obtain long-term, high-frequency, and high-quality data to describe San Francisco Bay water quality; (2) make the data publicly available on the USGS National Water Information System data portal; and (3) help improve understanding of the spatial and temporal variability of water quality in the estuary, informing management decisions regarding restoration, water supply, navigation, and ecology.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20205064","usgsCitation":"Livsey, D., and Downing-Kunz, M., 2020, A summary of water-quality monitoring in San Francisco Bay in water year 2017: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2020–5064, 78 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20205064.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 78 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"78","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-104269","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":376068,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","linkHelpText":"National Water Information System"},{"id":376066,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5064/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":376067,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5064/sir20205064.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.62390136718749,\n 37.35050947036205\n ],\n [\n -121.7340087890625,\n 37.35050947036205\n ],\n [\n -121.7340087890625,\n 38.22307753495298\n ],\n [\n -122.62390136718749,\n 38.22307753495298\n ],\n [\n -122.62390136718749,\n 37.35050947036205\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director,
California Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6000 J Street, Placer Hall
Sacramento, California 95819
The marginal marine environments of the eastern tropical Pacific (ETP) serve as an ideal natural laboratory to study how oceanographic and climatic variability influence coral-reef ecosystems. Reefs along the Pacific coast of Panamá span a natural gradient of nutrients, pH, and temperature as a result of stronger seasonal upwelling in the Gulf of Panamá relative to the Gulf of Chiriquí. The ecosystems are not only influenced by spatial and seasonal variations in oceanography but are affected by the climatic variability of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Foraminifera can be robust indicators of ecosystem condition because the composition of their assemblages and the geochemistry of their tests can change rapidly in response to environmental variability. We studied benthic foraminifera in sediment samples collected from 3 m below mean sea level in the Gulf of Panamá and the Gulf of Chiriquí. Temperature loggers deployed from 2016 to 2019 showed that average temperatures were lower and more variable in the Gulf of Panamá due to seasonal upwelling. All sites in both gulfs were dominated by heterotrophic foraminifera, which was likely the result of nutrient enrichment due to upwelling, combined with ENSO effects. However, the Gulf of Chiriquí was characterized by higher abundances of symbiont-bearing foraminifera than the Gulf of Panamá. The orders Miliolida and Rotaliida dominated the foraminiferal assemblages in both gulfs, with Quinqueloculina and Rosalina being the most abundant genera in the two orders, respectively. Miliolids were less abundant in the Gulf of Panamá than in the Gulf of Chiriquí, whereas rotaliid densities were not significantly different between the two gulfs. Lower pH in the Gulf of Panamá as a result of upwelling may have contributed to the lower abundance of miliolids, which secrete tests of high-magnesium calcite. Geochemical analysis of tests of the symbiont-bearing miliolid Sorites marginalis revealed that foraminiferal Mg/Ca ratios were lower in the Gulf of Panamá than in the Gulf of Chiriquí. The offset in foraminiferal Mg/Ca is consistent with the lower mean annual temperature observed in the Gulf of Panamá due to stronger seasonal upwelling. Because the geochemistry and assemblages of foraminifera reflect differences in environmental conditions, they could potentially be used in tandem with coral proxies to reconstruct past environmental change and project the future of coral-reef systems within the ETP.
Hydrographic features derived from U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) 3D Elevation Program data, and collected for use by the USGS, must meet the specifications described in this document. The specifications described herein pertain to the final product delivered to the USGS, not to methods used to derive the hydrographic features. The specifications describe the collection area, spatial reference system, attribute table structure, feature codes and values, delineation of hydrographic features, topology, positional assessment, metadata, and delivery formats. A companion document, Elevation-Derived Hydrography—Representation, Extraction, Attribution, and Delineation Rules, defines the fields, domains, and minimum feature collection requirements for hydrography features derived from elevation data. Hydrographic features collected to this specification will be suitable for using as breaklines to hydroflatten digital elevation models, processing for preconflation of features to the National Hydrography Dataset, and using for hydroenforcement of digital elevation models.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Section B: U.S. Geological Survey Standards in Book 11 Collection and Delineation of Spatial Data","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm11B11","usgsCitation":"Terziotti, S., and Archuleta, C.M., 2020, Elevation-Derived Hydrography Acquisition Specifications: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 11, chap. B11, 74 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm11B11.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 74 p.; Companion Report","numberOfPages":"86","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-111691","costCenters":[{"id":404,"text":"NGTOC Rolla","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":376021,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/tm11B12","text":"T&M 11–B12","size":"16.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"T&M 11–B12","linkHelpText":"— Elevation-Derived Hydrography—Representation, Extraction, Attribution, and Delineation Rules"},{"id":376020,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/11/b11/tm11b11.pdf","text":"Report","size":"13.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"T&M 11–B11"},{"id":376019,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/11/b11/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, National Geospatial Technical Operations Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1400 Independence Road
Rolla, MO 65401
With the increasing availability of 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) quality high resolution elevation data across the United States and the pressing need for better integrated elevation and hydrography data, the U.S. Geological Survey is developing guidance to improve the horizontal and vertical alignment of these datasets. The U.S. Geological Survey is providing the Elevation-Derived Hydrography—Acquisition Specifications for the acquisition of elevation-derived hydrography for the United States, and the companion document The Elevation-Derived Hydrography—Representation, Extraction, Attribution, and Delineation (READ) Rules, which describes the parameters for the portrayal of hydrography features as derived from elevation data. The READ Rules provide a definition, example, attribute value list, delineation instructions, representation rules, and data extraction rules for each hydrography feature required to meet the Elevation-Derived Hydrography—Acquisition Specifications.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Section B: U.S. Geological Survey Standards in Book 11 Collection and Delineation of Spatial Data","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm11B12","usgsCitation":"Archuleta, C.M., and Terziotti, S., 2020, Elevation-Derived Hydrography—Representation, Extraction, Attribution, and Delineation Rules (ver. 1.1, January 2023): U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 11, chap. B12, 60 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm11B12.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 60 p.; Companion Report","numberOfPages":"74","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-111692","costCenters":[{"id":404,"text":"NGTOC Rolla","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":410927,"rank":4,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/11/b12/versionHist.txt","size":"1 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":376005,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/11/b12/coverthb3.jpg"},{"id":376018,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/tm11B11","text":"T&M 11–B11","size":"13.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"T&M 11–B11","linkHelpText":"— Elevation-Derived Hydrography Acquisition Specifications"},{"id":376006,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/11/b12/tm11b12.pdf","text":"Report","size":"36.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"T&M 11–B12"}],"edition":"Version 1.0: July 1, 2020; Version 1.1: January 3, 2023","contact":"Director, National Geospatial Technical Operations Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1400 Independence Road
Rolla, MO 65401
Playa wetlands in the Great Plains, USA support a wide variety of plant species not found elsewhere in this agriculturally-dominated region due to the ephemeral presence of standing water and hydric soils within playas. If longer dry periods occur due to climate change or if changes in surrounding land use alter sediment accumulation rates and water storage capacity in playas, plant communities could experience decreased diversity, with lasting effects on ecosystem services provided by playas in the Great Plains and at a continental-level in North America. We quantified potential changes in playa wetland plant community composition associated with predicted changes in precipitation and land use in the Great Plains through the end of the 21st century. We conducted two six-month greenhouse experiments mimicking field conditions using intact mesocosms collected from playas in Nebraska and Texas. In the precipitation experiment, treatments derived from historical precipitation observations and three future moderate emissions (CMIP5 RCP4.5) downscaled climate projections were applied to mesocosms. For the land use experiment, treatments were simulated by nitrogen (N) applications to soil ranging from 0 to 100 mg-N L-1 with each precipitation event under historical rainfall patterns, representing increasing and decreasing area in agricultural use in playa watersheds. Plant communities tended to shift toward more native species under projected future climate conditions, but as N runoff increased, native species richness decreased. Agricultural land-use surrounding playas may have a greater effect on wetland plant communities than future alterations to hydrology based on climate change in the Great Plains; thus, efforts to reduce nutrient runoff into playas would likely mitigate loss in ecosystem function in the coming decades.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2020.104039","usgsCitation":"Owen, R.K., Webb, E.B., Haukos, D.A., and Goyne, K.W., 2020, Projected climate and land use changes drive plant community composition in agricultural wetlands: Environmental and Experimental Botany, v. 175, p. 1-12, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2020.104039.","productDescription":"104039, 12 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"12","ipdsId":"IP-111000","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":456171,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2020.104039","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":395691,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Rainwater Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -100.01953125,\n 40.01078714046552\n ],\n [\n -96.51489257812499,\n 40.01078714046552\n ],\n [\n -96.51489257812499,\n 41.77950486590359\n ],\n [\n -100.01953125,\n 41.77950486590359\n ],\n [\n -100.01953125,\n 40.01078714046552\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -103.07373046875,\n 32.02670629333614\n ],\n [\n -103.040771484375,\n 31.44741029142872\n ],\n [\n -98.668212890625,\n 31.475524020001806\n ],\n [\n -98.7451171875,\n 34.15272698011818\n ],\n [\n -98.85498046875,\n 34.19817309627726\n ],\n [\n -99.041748046875,\n 34.252676117101515\n ],\n [\n -99.151611328125,\n 34.20725938207231\n ],\n [\n -99.283447265625,\n 34.42503613021332\n ],\n [\n -99.42626953125,\n 34.46127728843705\n ],\n [\n -99.42626953125,\n 34.38877925439021\n ],\n [\n -99.60205078124999,\n 34.42503613021332\n ],\n [\n -99.66796875,\n 34.38877925439021\n ],\n [\n -99.986572265625,\n 34.58799745550482\n ],\n [\n -99.97558593749999,\n 36.518465989675875\n ],\n [\n -103.062744140625,\n 36.50963615733049\n ],\n [\n -103.07373046875,\n 32.02670629333614\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"175","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Owen, Rachel K.","contributorId":273204,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Owen","given":"Rachel","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":6754,"text":"University of Missouri","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Webb, Elisabeth B. 0000-0003-3851-6056 ewebb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3851-6056","contributorId":3981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"Elisabeth","email":"ewebb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":833946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haukos, David A. 0000-0001-5372-9960 dhaukos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5372-9960","contributorId":3664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haukos","given":"David","email":"dhaukos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":833947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Goyne, Keith W.","contributorId":204931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goyne","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":6754,"text":"University of Missouri","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70228141,"text":"70228141 - 2020 - Defining the need for genetic stock assignment when describing stock demographics and dynamics: An example using Lake Whitefish in Lake Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-04T16:50:01.408572","indexId":"70228141","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-01T10:39:55","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Defining the need for genetic stock assignment when describing stock demographics and dynamics: An example using Lake Whitefish in Lake Michigan","docAbstract":"Genetic stock assignment is not routinely used when describing the dynamics and demographics of individual stocks supporting mixed-stock fisheries, and capture location and timing are often used as alternative assignment methods. However, variation in stock demographics and dynamics may not be accounted for if stock assignments based on capture location or timing do not accurately reflect genetic assignments. We used Lake Whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis in Lake Michigan as a model fishery to determine whether stock mixing could undermine efforts to describe stock status when using October capture location as a proxy for genetic stock assignment. Accuracy of stock assignments based on October capture location ranged from 54% to 100% among management zones. Metrics describing length and age distributions, weight at length, fecundity, and growth varied among genetic stocks. Stock-specific metrics were typically similar between stock assignment methods (capture location versus genetics) because only one or two genetic stocks were collected in most locations and the majority of those fish were from spatially proximal stocks with similar metrics. However, more extensive mixing of Lake Whitefish stocks has been documented; thus, using capture location for stock assignment could result in incorrect conclusions regarding stock status and harvest management depending on stock composition. Ambiguity in genetic stock assignments was a problem in two management zones, where between 23% and 42% of Lake Whitefish did not assign to a specific stock with a probability of at least 0.70. In the future, using genomic techniques rather than microsatellites may provide different conclusions regarding genetic stock structure; these differences could affect the accuracy of using capture location for stock assignment. Use of capture location as a proxy for genetic stock assignment may not be warranted for all mixed-stock fisheries but may be appropriate when stock mixing is limited or is restricted to stocks with consistently similar characteristics.
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Applications to rock fall assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-30T15:29:40.87055","indexId":"70214490","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-01T10:26:05","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A new data set of granitic rock strength values from Yosemite Valley, California: Applications to rock fall assessment","docAbstract":"To explore connections between rock strength and rock falls, we undertook a comprehensive rock mechanics testing program for six granitic rock types in Yosemite Valley (California, USA) where rock falls are a common geomorphic and sometimes hazardous process. We collected samples from boulders located at the base of cliffs, with the inherent assumption that the intact boulders should provide reasonable estimates of full-strength values. Our testing program included unconfined compressive strength tests, triaxial compressive strength tests, Brazilian tensile strength tests, and Mode I fracture toughness strength testing using two different types of samples – chevron bend (CB) and cracked chevron notched Brazilian disk (CCNBD). Our results, consisting of 88 individual tests, provide the most detailed evaluation of rock strength in Yosemite Valley to date. These results provide the data needed to evaluate the various failure modes (e.g., shear failure of wedge instabilities, tensile failure of overhangs) that might be expected for rock falls from cliffs in Yosemite. We expect that these data will provide an important resource for the evaluation of rock falls and other geomorphological studies in Yosemite National Park.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"54th US Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Rock Mechanics Association","collaboration":"National Park Service, University of Lausanne, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne – EPFL","usgsCitation":"Collins, B.D., Sandrone, F., Gastaldo, L., Stock, G.M., and Jaboyedoff, M., 2020, A new data set of granitic rock strength values from Yosemite Valley, California: Applications to rock fall assessment, in 54th US Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium, 7 p.","productDescription":"7 p.","ipdsId":"IP-116600","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":378919,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":378800,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.onepetro.org/conference-paper/ARMA-2020-1412"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Yosemite Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.11627197265624,\n 37.60335225883687\n ],\n [\n -118.92974853515624,\n 37.60335225883687\n ],\n [\n -118.92974853515624,\n 38.151837403006766\n ],\n [\n -120.11627197265624,\n 38.151837403006766\n ],\n [\n -120.11627197265624,\n 37.60335225883687\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collins, Brian D. 0000-0003-4881-5359 bcollins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4881-5359","contributorId":149278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"Brian","email":"bcollins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sandrone, Federica","contributorId":225125,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sandrone","given":"Federica","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27718,"text":"Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":799728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gastaldo, Laurent","contributorId":225126,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gastaldo","given":"Laurent","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27718,"text":"Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":799729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stock, Greg M.","contributorId":202873,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stock","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":36189,"text":"National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jaboyedoff, Michel","contributorId":205586,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaboyedoff","given":"Michel","affiliations":[{"id":37117,"text":"University of Lausanne (Switzerland)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70210975,"text":"70210975 - 2020 - Mortality and cholinesterase inhibition in butterflies following aerial naled applications for mosquito control on the National Key Deer Refuge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-04T14:21:41.420781","indexId":"70210975","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-01T10:07:11","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mortality and cholinesterase inhibition in butterflies following aerial naled applications for mosquito control on the National Key Deer Refuge","docAbstract":"Natural resource managers are concerned about the impacts of aerial ultra-low volume spray (ULV) of insecticides for mosquito control (i.e., mosquito adulticides) and seek science-driven management recommendations that reduce risk but allow vector control for nearby human populations. Managers at the National Key Deer Refuge (Florida Keys, FL) are concerned for ULV effects upon conservation efforts for imperiled butterflies (Florida leafwing [Anaea troglodyta floridalis] and Bartram’s hairstreak [Strymon acis bartrami] butterflies). No-spray zones were designated for protection of those butterflies, but their effectiveness for mitigation is unclear. To address this uncertainty, cholinesterase activity (ChE) and mortality were monitored for caged butterflies gulf fritillary [Agraulis vanilla] and great southern white [Ascia monuste]) deployed on the Refuge during three aerial ULV applications of the insecticide naled. Residue samplers also were deployed to estimate butterfly exposure. Spray efficacy against mosquitoes was assessed by deploying caged mosquitoes at the same locations as the butterflies. Average naled residue levels on filter paper samplers in the target area (1882–2898 µg/m2) was significantly greater than in the no-spray zone (9–1562 µg/m2). Differences between the no-spray zone and target area for butterfly mortality and ChE were inconsistent. Average mortality was significantly lower, and average ChE was significantly higher in the no-spray zone for larvae of one species but not for larvae of the other species. Mosquito mortality did not differ significantly between the two areas. Data from the present study reflect the inconsistent effectiveness of no-spray zones on the Refuge using standard methods employed at the time by the vector control agency in the Florida Keys and possibly by other vector control agencies in similar coastal environments. Furthermore, these findings helped to guide the design and to improve the conservation value of future no-spray zone delineations while allowing for treatment in areas where mosquito control is necessary for vector-borne disease reduction.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00244-020-00745-8","usgsCitation":"Bargar, T., Anderson, C., and Sowers, A., 2020, Mortality and cholinesterase inhibition in butterflies following aerial naled applications for mosquito control on the National Key Deer Refuge: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 79, p. 233-245, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-020-00745-8.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"233","endPage":"245","ipdsId":"IP-117059","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":436900,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F74X55ZP","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Cholinesterase inhibition in butterflies on the National Key Deer Refuge following aerial application of a mosquito control pesticide"},{"id":376201,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"National Key Deer Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.45092010498047,\n 24.63671928411111\n ],\n [\n -81.31050109863281,\n 24.63671928411111\n ],\n [\n -81.31050109863281,\n 24.778318518683687\n ],\n [\n -81.45092010498047,\n 24.778318518683687\n ],\n [\n -81.45092010498047,\n 24.63671928411111\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"79","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bargar, Timothy 0000-0001-8588-3436","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8588-3436","contributorId":211833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bargar","given":"Timothy","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Chad","contributorId":222871,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Chad","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":792324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sowers, Anthony 0000-0002-9654-5341","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9654-5341","contributorId":222872,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sowers","given":"Anthony","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40611,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":792325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70236710,"text":"70236710 - 2020 - EERI earthquake reconnaissance report: 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-16T14:59:45.598285","indexId":"70236710","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-01T09:54:51","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"title":"EERI earthquake reconnaissance report: 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence","docAbstract":"The Ridgecrest Earthquake Sequence began the morning of 4 July 2019 with an M6.4 earthquake at 10:33 a.m., closely following several small foreshocks. The epicenter of this event was roughly 11 miles (18 km) east-northeast of Ridgecrest (Figure 1) within the Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake (NAWS-CL). Seismic and geologic data established that the M6.4 earthquake occurred primarily along a steeply dipping northeast-trending strike-slip fault with left-lateral slip. This earthquake and preliminary reports of damage in Ridgecrest and Trona and associated ground cracking triggered a response by earthquake scientists and engineers throughout the region. A California Earthquake Clearinghouse was established in Ridgecrest to help coordinate the scientific response effort and to share data.
","language":"English","publisher":"Earthquake Engineering Research Institute","usgsCitation":"Program, E.L., and Scharer, K., 2020, EERI earthquake reconnaissance report: 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence, 71 p.","productDescription":"71 p.","ipdsId":"IP-127001","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":406846,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":406817,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://learningfromearthquakes.org/2019-07-04-searles-valley/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=79"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.25659179687499,\n 33.87953701355924\n ],\n [\n -117.31201171875001,\n 33.87953701355924\n ],\n [\n -117.31201171875001,\n 35.11990857099681\n ],\n [\n -119.25659179687499,\n 35.11990857099681\n ],\n [\n -119.25659179687499,\n 33.87953701355924\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Cochran, Elizabeth S. 0000-0003-2485-4484 ecochran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2485-4484","contributorId":2025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochran","given":"Elizabeth","email":"ecochran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":851964,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brooks, Benjamin A. 0000-0001-7954-6281 bbrooks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7954-6281","contributorId":5237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Benjamin","email":"bbrooks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":851965,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hough, Susan E. 0000-0002-5980-2986","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5980-2986","contributorId":263442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hough","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":851966,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pickering, Alexandra 0000-0002-1281-6117","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1281-6117","contributorId":208275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pickering","given":"Alexandra","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":851967,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Blair, James Luke 0000-0002-6980-6446","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6980-6446","contributorId":213724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blair","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"Luke","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":851968,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ponti, Daniel J. 0000-0002-2437-5144 dponti@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2437-5144","contributorId":1020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponti","given":"Daniel","email":"dponti@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":851969,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":8}],"authors":[{"text":"Program, EERI Learning from Earthquakes","contributorId":296610,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Program","given":"EERI","email":"","middleInitial":"Learning from Earthquakes","affiliations":[{"id":64105,"text":"EERI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":851962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scharer, Katherine M. 0000-0003-2811-2496","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2811-2496","contributorId":217361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scharer","given":"Katherine M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":851963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70228572,"text":"70228572 - 2020 - A multifaceted reconstruction of the population structure and life history expressions of a remnant metapopulation of Bonneville Cutthroat Trout: Implications for maintaining intermittent connectivity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-14T15:47:47.612718","indexId":"70228572","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-01T09:34:42","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A multifaceted reconstruction of the population structure and life history expressions of a remnant metapopulation of Bonneville Cutthroat Trout: Implications for maintaining intermittent connectivity","docAbstract":"Fishes that evolutionarily demonstrated a fluvial life history expression and migrated to spawning and rearing habitat by using lotic corridors are increasingly impacted by fragmentation. The overall goal of this study was to identify the contemporary importance of main-stem connectivity and tributaries for maintaining life history expression, population structure, and viability of a large metapopulation of Bonneville Cutthroat Trout (BCT) Oncorhynchus clarkii utah persisting in the highly fragmented Weber River, Utah. We used a multifaceted approach, including active sampling, mark–recapture, passive PIT tag detection, otolith microchemistry, and genetics. We collected BCT in all tributaries and the main stem, encountering age-0 fish in three tributaries, indicating successful reproduction. In tributaries, the size structure was bimodal and consisted of smaller fish that were classified as resident and larger fish that were deemed to be fluvial, whereas all sizes and ages (age ≥ 1) were present in the main stem. We identified up to eight age-classes; tributaries were dominated by ages 2 and 8, and the main stem was dominated by ages 2, 5, 6, and 7. Tributary BCT had lower growth rates than BCT in the main stem. We observed a surprising degree of fluvial life history expression, and fish also demonstrated very complex movement patterns across their life span. Average apparent survival (33%) was within the range estimated in similar studies for BCT, and the resight rate was best explained by angler management regulations. The fact that BCT in the Weber River and tributaries still reproduce successfully in most years and are still able to grow into large, fluvial fish suggests that connectivity must be occasionally available despite considerable fragmentation. Therefore, this metapopulation may need little further human intervention if barriers to fish passage can be removed, thereby improving connectivity, and it represents a high-priority metapopulation for conservation, thus highlighting the utility of our approach.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/tafs.10240","usgsCitation":"Budy, P., Thompson, P., McKell, M., Thiede, G.P., Walsworth, T., and Conner, M., 2020, A multifaceted reconstruction of the population structure and life history expressions of a remnant metapopulation of Bonneville Cutthroat Trout: Implications for maintaining intermittent connectivity: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 149, no. 4, p. 443-461, https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10240.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"443","endPage":"461","ipdsId":"IP-117517","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":395887,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Cottonwood Creek, Dalton Creek, Dry Creek, Gordon Creek, Jacobs Creek, Peterson Creek, Smith Creek, Strawberry Creek, Weber River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.01969146728516,\n 41.236769377734916\n ],\n [\n -112.01831817626953,\n 41.125400832085845\n ],\n [\n -111.90845489501953,\n 41.11764191209906\n ],\n [\n -111.90467834472655,\n 41.03326918097483\n ],\n [\n -111.72100067138672,\n 41.03197427753679\n ],\n [\n -111.72340393066406,\n 41.12203874604681\n ],\n [\n -111.54659271240234,\n 41.21533725907034\n ],\n [\n -111.54109954833984,\n 41.23367119256701\n ],\n [\n -111.58710479736328,\n 41.23341300384136\n ],\n [\n -111.72786712646484,\n 41.18485540813213\n ],\n [\n -111.9290542602539,\n 41.19002282271705\n ],\n [\n -112.01969146728516,\n 41.236769377734916\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"149","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-07-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Budy, Phaedra E. 0000-0002-9918-1678","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9918-1678","contributorId":228930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budy","given":"Phaedra E.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":834638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, Paul D.","contributorId":276187,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thompson","given":"Paul D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":834639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McKell, Matt D.","contributorId":276191,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKell","given":"Matt D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":834815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thiede, Gary P.","contributorId":9154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thiede","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":834640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Walsworth, Timothy E.","contributorId":275032,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Walsworth","given":"Timothy E.","affiliations":[{"id":28050,"text":"USU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Conner, Mary M.","contributorId":275034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Conner","given":"Mary M.","affiliations":[{"id":28050,"text":"USU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70211508,"text":"70211508 - 2020 - Leachable phosphorus from senesced green ash and Norway mapleleaves in urban watersheds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-03T14:49:50.385993","indexId":"70211508","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-01T09:29:19","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Leachable phosphorus from senesced green ash and Norway mapleleaves in urban watersheds","docAbstract":"In urban watersheds, street tree leaf litter is a critical biogenic source of phosphorus (P) in stormwater runoff.\nStormwater extracts P from leaf litter and transports it, through the storm sewer network, to a receiving\nwaterbody potentially causing downstream eutrophication. The goal of this study is to understand P leaching dynamics of two prevalent tree species (Norway maple (Acer platanoides) and green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica))\nin three urban residential watersheds in Madison, Wisconsin, USA. Leaf litter was collected from the three basins\nduring Fall 2017 and 2018. Laboratory experiments showed an initial rapid total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) release that gradually plateaued over a 48-hour period. The total TDP released from Norway maple (2.10 mg g−1\n)\nwas greater than from green ash (1.60 mg g−1\n).Within the same species, increased fragmentation of leaves led to\nmore rapid initial TDP release, but not greater total TDP release. Increased aging of senescent leaves decreased\ntotal TDP release. Incubation temperature and volume of water in contact with leaves may not be critical factors\naffecting TDP leaching dynamics. Predictive equations were derived to characterize time-variable TDP release of\nboth Norway maple and green ash leaves. Potential TDP release from leaf litter estimated using these equations\nwas compared with field-measured end-of-pipe TDP loads in one of the study watersheds. Our results indicate\nthat preventing leaf litter from accumulating in streets is an important stormwater quality control measure.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140662","usgsCitation":"Wang, Y., Thompson, A., and Selbig, W.R., 2020, Leachable phosphorus from senesced green ash and Norway mapleleaves in urban watersheds: Science of the Total Environment, v. 743, 140662, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140662.","productDescription":"140662, 10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-117466","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":456181,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140662","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436901,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9UF3III","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Total phosphorus and total dissolved phosphorous released from Green Ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) and Norway Maple (Acer platanoides) as they contribute to leachable phosphorus in leaf litter and impact phosphorus loads in urban stormwater"},{"id":376837,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"743","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, Yi 0000-0003-3638-7940","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3638-7940","contributorId":236843,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Yi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18002,"text":"University of Wisconsin - Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":794406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, Anita 0000-0002-6202-1742","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6202-1742","contributorId":236844,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thompson","given":"Anita","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18002,"text":"University of Wisconsin - Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":794407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Selbig, William R. 0000-0003-1403-8280 wrselbig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1403-8280","contributorId":877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selbig","given":"William","email":"wrselbig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":794408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}