Since the Industrial Revolution, a diversity of large-scale chemical innovations has impacted aquatic systems in urban environments. Beginning in the 1990s, there has been a growing scientific interest and public awareness of the effects of the chemicals used in domestic, commercial, industrial, and agricultural applications, referred to in this article as ‘emerging contaminants’ (ECs), on ecosystem and human health. The growing global population and its increasing demands on water supplies in conjunction with climate-induced changes in hydrologic regimes place stress on freshwater resources, resulting in a greater reliance on reuse of reclaimed municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents to meet human and environmental needs. WWTP effluents are a major source of ECs, and it is important to have an understanding of the chemical composition of the reclaimed water, because many ECs are biologically active and the effects of chronic exposure to low concentration complex mixtures are unknown. Several classes of ECs that have been shown to be widespread in the aquatic environment are discussed in this chapter, including surfactants, complexing agents, fragrances, antimicrobials, industrial chemicals, pharmaceuticals, natural and synthetic estrogens, and disinfection byproducts. All of these compounds are biologically active via a variety of modes of action, and can occur in aquatic systems at concentrations ranging from <0.001 to >100 μg l−1.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Comprehensive water quality and purification","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-12-382182-9.00015-3","usgsCitation":"Barber, L.B., 2014, 1.13 – Emerging contaminants, chap. of Comprehensive water quality and purification, v. 1, p. 245-266, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-382182-9.00015-3.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"245","endPage":"266","ipdsId":"IP-042295","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344083,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59706fbce4b0d1f9f065a903","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barber, Larry B. 0000-0002-0561-0831 lbbarber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0561-0831","contributorId":921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"Larry","email":"lbbarber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70189207,"text":"70189207 - 2014 - Evaluation of statistically downscaled GCM output as input for hydrological and stream temperature simulation in the Apalachicola–Chattahoochee–Flint River Basin (1961–99)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-05T16:20:39","indexId":"70189207","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1421,"text":"Earth Interactions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of statistically downscaled GCM output as input for hydrological and stream temperature simulation in the Apalachicola–Chattahoochee–Flint River Basin (1961–99)","docAbstract":"The accuracy of statistically downscaled general circulation model (GCM) simulations of daily surface climate for historical conditions (1961–99) and the implications when they are used to drive hydrologic and stream temperature models were assessed for the Apalachicola–Chattahoochee–Flint River basin (ACFB). The ACFB is a 50 000 km2 basin located in the southeastern United States. Three GCMs were statistically downscaled, using an asynchronous regional regression model (ARRM), to ⅛° grids of daily precipitation and minimum and maximum air temperature. These ARRM-based climate datasets were used as input to the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS), a deterministic, distributed-parameter, physical-process watershed model used to simulate and evaluate the effects of various combinations of climate and land use on watershed response. The ACFB was divided into 258 hydrologic response units (HRUs) in which the components of flow (groundwater, subsurface, and surface) are computed in response to climate, land surface, and subsurface characteristics of the basin. Daily simulations of flow components from PRMS were used with the climate to simulate in-stream water temperatures using the Stream Network Temperature (SNTemp) model, a mechanistic, one-dimensional heat transport model for branched stream networks.
The climate, hydrology, and stream temperature for historical conditions were evaluated by comparing model outputs produced from historical climate forcings developed from gridded station data (GSD) versus those produced from the three statistically downscaled GCMs using the ARRM methodology. The PRMS and SNTemp models were forced with the GSD and the outputs produced were treated as “truth.” This allowed for a spatial comparison by HRU of the GSD-based output with ARRM-based output. Distributional similarities between GSD- and ARRM-based model outputs were compared using the two-sample Kolmogorov–Smirnov (KS) test in combination with descriptive metrics such as the mean and variance and an evaluation of rare and sustained events. In general, precipitation and streamflow quantities were negatively biased in the downscaled GCM outputs, and results indicate that the downscaled GCM simulations consistently underestimate the largest precipitation events relative to the GSD. The KS test results indicate that ARRM-based air temperatures are similar to GSD at the daily time step for the majority of the ACFB, with perhaps subweekly averaging for stream temperature. Depending on GCM and spatial location, ARRM-based precipitation and streamflow requires averaging of up to 30 days to become similar to the GSD-based output.
Evaluation of the model skill for historical conditions suggests some guidelines for use of future projections; while it seems correct to place greater confidence in evaluation metrics which perform well historically, this does not necessarily mean those metrics will accurately reflect model outputs for future climatic conditions. Results from this study indicate no “best” overall model, but the breadth of analysis can be used to give the product users an indication of the applicability of the results to address their particular problem. Since results for historical conditions indicate that model outputs can have significant biases associated with them, the range in future projections examined in terms of change relative to historical conditions for each individual GCM may be more appropriate.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/2013EI000554.1","usgsCitation":"Hay, L.E., LaFontaine, J.H., and Markstrom, S.L., 2014, Evaluation of statistically downscaled GCM output as input for hydrological and stream temperature simulation in the Apalachicola–Chattahoochee–Flint River Basin (1961–99): Earth Interactions, v. 18, p. 1-32, https://doi.org/10.1175/2013EI000554.1.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"32","ipdsId":"IP-052922","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473306,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/2013ei000554.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":343366,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida, Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Apalachicola–Chattahoochee–Flint River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.60546875,\n 29.6594160549124\n ],\n [\n -83.7158203125,\n 29.6594160549124\n ],\n [\n -83.7158203125,\n 34.470335121217474\n ],\n [\n -85.60546875,\n 34.470335121217474\n ],\n [\n -85.60546875,\n 29.6594160549124\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"18","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595dfab7e4b0d1f9f056a7a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hay, Lauren E. 0000-0003-3763-4595 lhay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3763-4595","contributorId":1287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"Lauren","email":"lhay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LaFontaine, Jacob H. 0000-0003-4923-2630 jlafonta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4923-2630","contributorId":2258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaFontaine","given":"Jacob","email":"jlafonta@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Markstrom, Steven L. 0000-0001-7630-9547 markstro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7630-9547","contributorId":146553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markstrom","given":"Steven","email":"markstro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70189074,"text":"70189074 - 2014 - Spectroscopy from Space","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-05T16:48:04.612491","indexId":"70189074","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3281,"text":"Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spectroscopy from Space","docAbstract":"This chapter reviews detection of materials on solid and liquid (lakes and ocean) surfaces in the solar system using ultraviolet to infrared spectroscopy from space, or near space (high altitude aircraft on the Earth), or in the case of remote objects, earth-based and earth-orbiting telescopes. Point spectrometers and imaging spectrometers have been probing the surfaces of our solar system for decades. Spacecraft carrying imaging spectrometers are currently in orbit around Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, and Saturn, and systems have recently visited Jupiter, comets, asteroids, and one spectrometer-carrying spacecraft is on its way to Pluto. Together these systems are providing a wealth of data that will enable a better understanding of the composition of condensed matter bodies in the solar system.
Minerals, ices, liquids, and other materials have been detected and mapped on the Earth and all planets and/or their satellites where the surface can be observed from space, with the exception of Venus whose thick atmosphere limits surface observation. Basaltic minerals (e.g., pyroxene and olivine) have been detected with spectroscopy on the Earth, Moon, Mars and some asteroids. The greatest mineralogic diversity seen from space is observed on the Earth and Mars. The Earth, with oceans, active tectonic and hydrologic cycles, and biological processes, displays the greatest material diversity including the detection of amorphous and crystalline inorganic materials, organic compounds, water and water ice.
Water ice is a very common mineral throughout the Solar System and has been unambiguously detected or inferred in every planet and/or their moon(s) where good spectroscopic data has been obtained.
In addition to water ice, other molecular solids have been observed in the solar system using spectroscopic methods. Solid carbon dioxide is found on all systems beyond the Earth except Pluto, although CO2 sometimes appears to be trapped in other solids rather than as an ice on some objects. The largest deposits of carbon dioxide ice are found on Mars. Sulfur dioxide ice is found in the Jupiter system. Nitrogen and methane ices are common beyond the Uranian system.
Saturn’s moon Titan probably has the most complex active extra-terrestrial surface chemistry involving organic compounds. Some of the observed or inferred compounds include ices of benzene (C6H6), cyanoacetylene (HC3N), toluene (C7H8), cyanogen (C2N2), acetonitrile (CH3CN), water (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), and ammonia (NH3). Confirming compounds on Titan is hampered by its thick smoggy atmosphere, where in relative terms the atmospheric interferences that hamper surface characterization lie between that of Venus and Earth.
In this chapter we exclude discussion of the planets Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune because their thick atmospheres preclude observing the surface, even if surfaces exist. However, we do discuss spectroscopic observations on a number of the extra-terrestrial satellite bodies. Ammonia was predicted on many icy moons but is notably absent among the definitively detected ices with possible exceptions on Charon and possible trace amounts on some of the Saturnian satellites. Comets, storehouses of many compounds that could exist as ices in their nuclei, have only had small amounts of water ice definitively detected on their surfaces from spectroscopy. Only two asteroids have had a direct detection of surface water ice, although its presence can be inferred in others.
","language":"English","publisher":"Mineralogical Society of America","doi":"10.2138/rmg.2014.78.10","usgsCitation":"Clark, R.N., Swayze, G.A., Carlson, R.R., Grundy, W., and Noll, K., 2014, Spectroscopy from Space: Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, v. 78, no. 1, p. 399-446, https://doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2014.78.10.","productDescription":"48 p.","startPage":"399","endPage":"446","ipdsId":"IP-036673","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343176,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"78","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595611b9e4b0d1f9f0506772","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Roger N. 0000-0002-7021-1220 rclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7021-1220","contributorId":515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Roger","email":"rclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swayze, Gregg A. 0000-0002-1814-7823 gswayze@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1814-7823","contributorId":518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swayze","given":"Gregg","email":"gswayze@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carlson, Robert R.","contributorId":71944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grundy, Will","contributorId":156333,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grundy","given":"Will","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Noll, Keith","contributorId":193877,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Noll","given":"Keith","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70189226,"text":"70189226 - 2014 - Effects of iron on optical properties of dissolved organic matter","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T16:50:30","indexId":"70189226","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of iron on optical properties of dissolved organic matter","docAbstract":"Iron is a source of interference in the spectroscopic analysis of dissolved organic matter (DOM); however, its effects on commonly employed ultraviolet and visible (UV–vis) light adsorption and fluorescence measurements are poorly defined. Here, we describe the effects of iron(II) and iron(III) on the UV–vis absorption and fluorescence of solutions containing two DOM fractions and two surface water samples. In each case, regardless of DOM composition, UV–vis absorption increased linearly with increasing iron(III). Correction factors were derived using iron(III) absorption coefficients determined at wavelengths commonly used to characterize DOM. Iron(III) addition increased specific UV absorbances (SUVA) and decreased the absorption ratios (E2:E3) and spectral slope ratios (SR) of DOM samples. Both iron(II) and iron(III) quenched DOM fluorescence at pH 6.7. The degree and region of fluorescence quenching varied with the iron:DOC concentration ratio, DOM composition, and pH. Regions of the fluorescence spectra associated with greater DOM conjugation were more susceptible to iron quenching, and DOM fluorescence indices were sensitive to the presence of both forms of iron. Analyses of the excitation–emission matrices using a 7- and 13-component parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) model showed low PARAFAC sensitivity to iron addition.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es502670r","usgsCitation":"Poulin, B., Ryan, J.N., and Aiken, G.R., 2014, Effects of iron on optical properties of dissolved organic matter: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 48, no. 17, p. 10098-10106, https://doi.org/10.1021/es502670r.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"10098","endPage":"10106","ipdsId":"IP-058675","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343391,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"17","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595f4c42e4b0d1f9f057e362","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poulin, Brett 0000-0002-5555-7733 bpoulin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5555-7733","contributorId":194253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poulin","given":"Brett","email":"bpoulin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ryan, Joseph N.","contributorId":54290,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ryan","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":604,"text":"University of Colorado- Boulder","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":703602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aiken, George R. 0000-0001-8454-0984 graiken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":1322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","email":"graiken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70189562,"text":"70189562 - 2014 - Spatial distribution of mercury in southeastern Alaskan streams influenced by glaciers, wetlands, and salmon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-11T16:38:32","indexId":"70189562","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial distribution of mercury in southeastern Alaskan streams influenced by glaciers, wetlands, and salmon","docAbstract":"Southeastern Alaska is a remote coastal-maritime ecosystem that is experiencing increased deposition of mercury (Hg) as well as rapid glacier loss. Here we present the results of the first reported survey of total and methyl Hg (MeHg) concentrations in regional streams and biota. Overall, streams draining large wetland areas had higher Hg concentrations in water, mayflies, and juvenile salmon than those from glacially-influenced or recently deglaciated watersheds. Filtered MeHg was positively correlated with wetland abundance. Aqueous Hg occurred predominantly in the particulate fraction of glacier streams but in the filtered fraction of wetland-rich streams. Colonization by anadromous salmon in both glacier and wetland-rich streams may be contributing additional marine-derived Hg. The spatial distribution of Hg in the range of streams presented here shows that watersheds are variably, yet fairly predictably, sensitive to atmospheric and marine inputs of Hg.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2013.07.040","usgsCitation":"Nagorski, S.A., Engstrom, D.R., Hudson, J.P., Krabbenhoft, D.P., Hood, E., DeWild, J.F., and Aiken, G.R., 2014, Spatial distribution of mercury in southeastern Alaskan streams influenced by glaciers, wetlands, and salmon: Environmental Pollution, v. 184, p. 62-72, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.07.040.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"62","endPage":"72","ipdsId":"IP-046100","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343945,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -137.274169921875,\n 58.03718871323224\n ],\n [\n -133.79150390625,\n 58.03718871323224\n ],\n [\n -133.79150390625,\n 59.80063426102869\n ],\n [\n -137.274169921875,\n 59.80063426102869\n ],\n [\n -137.274169921875,\n 58.03718871323224\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"184","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"596dcca4e4b0d1f9f062756b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nagorski, Sonia A.","contributorId":32940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagorski","given":"Sonia","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Engstrom, Daniel R.","contributorId":82665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engstrom","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hudson, John P.","contributorId":171887,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hudson","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, David P. 0000-0003-1964-5020 dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":1658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"David","email":"dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hood, Eran","contributorId":106802,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hood","given":"Eran","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"DeWild, John F. 0000-0003-4097-2798 jfdewild@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4097-2798","contributorId":2525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeWild","given":"John","email":"jfdewild@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Aiken, George R. 0000-0001-8454-0984 graiken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":1322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","email":"graiken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70187711,"text":"70187711 - 2014 - Estuarine removal of glacial iron and implications for iron fluxes to the ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-15T21:45:19","indexId":"70187711","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estuarine removal of glacial iron and implications for iron fluxes to the ocean","docAbstract":"While recent work demonstrates that glacial meltwater provides a substantial and relatively labile flux of the micronutrient iron to oceans, the role of high-latitude estuary environments as a potential sink of glacial iron is unknown. Here we present the first quantitative description of iron removal in a meltwater-dominated estuary. We find that 85% of “dissolved” Fe is removed in the low-salinity region of the estuary along with 41% of “total dissolvable” iron associated with glacial flour. We couple these findings with hydrologic and geochemical data from Gulf of Alaska (GoA) glacierized catchments to calculate meltwater-derived fluxes of size and species partitioned Fe to the GoA. Iron flux data indicate that labile iron in the glacial flour and associated Fe minerals dominate the meltwater contribution to the Fe budget of the GoA. As such, GoA nutrient cycles and related ecosystems could be strongly influenced by continued ice loss in its watershed.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2014GL060199","usgsCitation":"Schroth, A.W., Crusius, J., Hoyer, I., and Campbell, R., 2014, Estuarine removal of glacial iron and implications for iron fluxes to the ocean: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 41, no. 11, p. 3951-3958, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL060199.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"3951","endPage":"3958","ipdsId":"IP-055771","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473420,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014gl060199","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":341327,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-06-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591abe39e4b0a7fdb43c8bff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schroth, Andrew W.","contributorId":192042,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schroth","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":17809,"text":"University of Vermont, Burlington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":695218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crusius, John 0000-0003-2554-0831 jcrusius@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2554-0831","contributorId":2155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crusius","given":"John","email":"jcrusius@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoyer, Ian","contributorId":192041,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoyer","given":"Ian","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":695217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Campbell, Robert","contributorId":192043,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Campbell","given":"Robert","affiliations":[{"id":13600,"text":"Prince William Sound Science Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":695219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70188035,"text":"70188035 - 2014 - A universal Model-R Coupler to facilitate the use of R functions for model calibration and analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-31T14:15:41","indexId":"70188035","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1551,"text":"Environmental Modelling and Software","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A universal Model-R Coupler to facilitate the use of R functions for model calibration and analysis","docAbstract":"Mathematical models are useful in various fields of science and engineering. However, it is a challenge to make a model utilize the open and growing functions (e.g., model inversion) on the R platform due to the requirement of accessing and revising the model's source code. To overcome this barrier, we developed a universal tool that aims to convert a model developed in any computer language to an R function using the template and instruction concept of the Parameter ESTimation program (PEST) and the operational structure of the R-Soil and Water Assessment Tool (R-SWAT). The developed tool (Model-R Coupler) is promising because users of any model can connect an external algorithm (written in R) with their model to implement various model behavior analyses (e.g., parameter optimization, sensitivity and uncertainty analysis, performance evaluation, and visualization) without accessing or modifying the model's source code.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envsoft.2014.08.012","usgsCitation":"Wu, Y., Liu, S., and Yan, W., 2014, A universal Model-R Coupler to facilitate the use of R functions for model calibration and analysis: Environmental Modelling and Software, v. 62, p. 65-69, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2014.08.012.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"65","endPage":"69","ipdsId":"IP-054920","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341952,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"592fd640e4b0e9bd0ea89707","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wu, Yiping ywu@usgs.gov","contributorId":987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"Yiping","email":"ywu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, Shuguang 0000-0002-6027-3479 sliu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6027-3479","contributorId":147403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Shuguang","email":"sliu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yan, Wende","contributorId":192438,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yan","given":"Wende","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70188032,"text":"70188032 - 2014 - Detecting emergence, growth, and senescence of wetland vegetation with polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-31T15:19:27","indexId":"70188032","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3709,"text":"Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detecting emergence, growth, and senescence of wetland vegetation with polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data","docAbstract":"Wetlands provide ecosystem goods and services vitally important to humans. Land managers and policymakers working to conserve wetlands require regularly updated information on the statuses of wetlands across the landscape. However, wetlands are challenging to map remotely with high accuracy and consistency. We investigated the use of multitemporal polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data acquired with Canada’s Radarsat-2 system to track within-season changes in wetland vegetation and surface water. We speculated, a priori, how temporal and morphological traits of different types of wetland vegetation should respond over a growing season with respect to four energy-scattering mechanisms. We used ground-based monitoring data and other ancillary information to assess the limits and consistency of the SAR data for tracking seasonal changes in wetlands. We found the traits of different types of vertical emergent wetland vegetation were detected well with the SAR data and corresponded with our anticipated backscatter responses. We also found using data from Landsat’s optical/infrared sensors in conjunction with SAR data helped remove confusion of wetland features with upland grasslands. These results suggest SAR data can provide useful monitoring information on the statuses of wetlands over time.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/w6030694","usgsCitation":"Gallant, A.L., Kaya, S.G., White, L., Brisco, B., Roth, M.F., Sadinski, W.J., and Rover, J., 2014, Detecting emergence, growth, and senescence of wetland vegetation with polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data: Water, v. 6, no. 3, p. 694-722, https://doi.org/10.3390/w6030694.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"694","endPage":"722","ipdsId":"IP-053361","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473304,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w6030694","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":341958,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-03-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"592fd640e4b0e9bd0ea8970a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gallant, Alisa L. 0000-0002-3029-6637 gallant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3029-6637","contributorId":2940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallant","given":"Alisa","email":"gallant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kaya, Shannon G.","contributorId":192330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaya","given":"Shannon","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"White, Lori","contributorId":192557,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"Lori","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brisco, Brian","contributorId":37665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brisco","given":"Brian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Roth, Mark F. 0000-0001-5095-1865 mroth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5095-1865","contributorId":3286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roth","given":"Mark","email":"mroth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sadinski, Walter J. wsadinski@usgs.gov","contributorId":3287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sadinski","given":"Walter","email":"wsadinski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rover, Jennifer 0000-0002-3437-4030 jrover@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3437-4030","contributorId":192333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rover","given":"Jennifer","email":"jrover@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":696258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70187387,"text":"70187387 - 2014 - How much Is enough? Minimal responses of water quality and stream biota to partial retrofit stormwater management in a suburban neighborhood","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-01T12:34:52","indexId":"70187387","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"How much Is enough? Minimal responses of water quality and stream biota to partial retrofit stormwater management in a suburban neighborhood","docAbstract":"Decentralized stormwater management approaches (e.g., biofiltration swales, pervious pavement, green roofs, rain gardens) that capture, detain, infiltrate, and filter runoff are now commonly used to minimize the impacts of stormwater runoff from impervious surfaces on aquatic ecosystems. However, there is little research on the effectiveness of retrofit, parcel-scale stormwater management practices for improving downstream aquatic ecosystem health. A reverse auction was used to encourage homeowners to mitigate stormwater on their property within the suburban, 1.8 km2 Shepherd Creek catchment in Cincinnati, Ohio (USA). In 2007–2008, 165 rain barrels and 81 rain gardens were installed on 30% of the properties in four experimental (treatment) subcatchments, and two additional subcatchments were maintained as controls. At the base of the subcatchments, we sampled monthly baseflow water quality, and seasonal (5×/year) physical habitat, periphyton assemblages, and macroinvertebrate assemblages in the streams for the three years before and after treatment implementation. Given the minor reductions in directly connected impervious area from the rain barrel installations (11.6% to 10.4% in the most impaired subcatchment) and high total impervious levels (13.1% to 19.9% in experimental subcatchments), we expected minor or no responses of water quality and biota to stormwater management. There were trends of increased conductivity, iron, and sulfate for control sites, but no such contemporaneous trends for experimental sites. The minor effects of treatment on streamflow volume and water quality did not translate into changes in biotic health, and the few periphyton and macroinvertebrate responses could be explained by factors not associated with the treatment (e.g., vegetation clearing, drought conditions). Improvement of overall stream health is unlikely without additional treatment of major impervious surfaces (including roads, apartment buildings, and parking lots). Further research is needed to define the minimum effect threshold and restoration trajectories for retrofitting catchments to improve the health of stream ecosystems.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0085011","usgsCitation":"Roy, A.H., Rhea, L.K., Mayer, A.L., Shuster, W.D., Beaulieu, J.J., Hopton, M.E., Morrison, M.A., and St. Amand, A.E., 2014, How much Is enough? Minimal responses of water quality and stream biota to partial retrofit stormwater management in a suburban neighborhood: PLoS ONE, v. 9, no. 1, p. 1-14, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0085011.","productDescription":"e85011; 14 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"14","ipdsId":"IP-042659","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473275,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0085011","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":340670,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","city":"Cincinnati","volume":"9","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59084934e4b0fc4e448ffd88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roy, Allison H. 0000-0002-8080-2729 aroy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8080-2729","contributorId":4240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roy","given":"Allison","email":"aroy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":693724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rhea, Lee K.","contributorId":191662,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rhea","given":"Lee","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mayer, Audrey L.","contributorId":191663,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mayer","given":"Audrey","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shuster, William D.","contributorId":139413,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shuster","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":12772,"text":"USEPA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":693747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Beaulieu, Jake J.","contributorId":191664,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beaulieu","given":"Jake","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hopton, Matthew E.","contributorId":189133,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hopton","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Morrison, Matthew A.","contributorId":191665,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morrison","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"St. Amand, Ann E.","contributorId":146962,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"St. Amand","given":"Ann","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":16763,"text":"PhycoTech, Inc.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":693751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70185705,"text":"70185705 - 2014 - Resolving terrestrial ecosystem processes along a subgrid topographic gradient for an earth-system model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-28T09:58:08","indexId":"70185705","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1928,"text":"Hydrology and Earth System Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Resolving terrestrial ecosystem processes along a subgrid topographic gradient for an earth-system model","docAbstract":"Soil moisture is a crucial control on surface water and energy fluxes, vegetation, and soil carbon cycling. Earth-system models (ESMs) generally represent an areal-average soil-moisture state in gridcells at scales of 50–200 km and as a result are not able to capture the nonlinear effects of topographically-controlled subgrid heterogeneity in soil moisture, in particular where wetlands are present. We addressed this deficiency by building a subgrid representation of hillslope-scale topographic gradients, TiHy (Tiled-hillslope Hydrology), into the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) land model (LM3). LM3-TiHy models one or more representative hillslope geometries for each gridcell by discretizing them into land model tiles hydrologically coupled along an upland-to-lowland gradient. Each tile has its own surface fluxes, vegetation, and vertically-resolved state variables for soil physics and biogeochemistry. LM3-TiHy simulates a gradient in soil moisture and water-table depth between uplands and lowlands in each gridcell. Three hillslope hydrological regimes appear in non-permafrost regions in the model: wet and poorly-drained, wet and well-drained, and dry; with large, small, and zero wetland area predicted, respectively. Compared to the untiled LM3 in stand-alone experiments, LM3-TiHy simulates similar surface energy and water fluxes in the gridcell-mean. However, in marginally wet regions around the globe, LM3-TiHy simulates shallow groundwater in lowlands, leading to higher evapotranspiration, lower surface temperature, and higher leaf area compared to uplands in the same gridcells. Moreover, more than four-fold larger soil carbon concentrations are simulated globally in lowlands as compared with uplands. We compared water-table depths to those simulated by a recent global model-observational synthesis, and we compared wetland and inundated areas diagnosed from the model to observational datasets. The comparisons demonstrate that LM3-TiHy has the capability to represent some of the controls of these hydrological variables, but also that improvement in parameterization and input datasets are needed for more realistic simulations. We found large sensitivity in model-diagnosed wetland and inundated area to the depth of conductive soil and the parameterization of macroporosity. With improved parameterization and inclusion of peatland biogeochemical processes, the model could provide a new approach to investigating the vulnerability of Boreal peatland carbon to climate change in ESMs.
","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/hessd-11-8443-2014","usgsCitation":"Subin, Z., Milly, P., Sulman, B.N., Malyshev, S., and Shevliakova, E., 2014, Resolving terrestrial ecosystem processes along a subgrid topographic gradient for an earth-system model: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, v. 11, p. 8443-8492, https://doi.org/10.5194/hessd-11-8443-2014.","productDescription":"50 p.","startPage":"8443","endPage":"8492","ipdsId":"IP-056981","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473315,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/hessd-11-8443-2014","text":"External Repository"},{"id":338439,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58db7631e4b0ee37af29e4a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Subin, Z M","contributorId":189918,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Subin","given":"Z M","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Milly, Paul C.D. 0000-0003-4389-3139 cmilly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4389-3139","contributorId":2119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milly","given":"Paul C.D.","email":"cmilly@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":686472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sulman, B N","contributorId":189919,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sulman","given":"B","email":"","middleInitial":"N","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Malyshev, Sergey","contributorId":189177,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Malyshev","given":"Sergey","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shevliakova, E","contributorId":189920,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shevliakova","given":"E","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70186564,"text":"70186564 - 2014 - Self-recognition in corals facilitates deep-sea habitat engineering","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-05T16:16:26","indexId":"70186564","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3358,"text":"Scientific Reports","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Self-recognition in corals facilitates deep-sea habitat engineering","docAbstract":"The ability of coral reefs to engineer complex three-dimensional habitats is central to their success and the rich biodiversity they support. In tropical reefs, encrusting coralline algae bind together substrates and dead coral framework to make continuous reef structures, but beyond the photic zone, the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa also forms large biogenic reefs, facilitated by skeletal fusion. Skeletal fusion in tropical corals can occur in closely related or juvenile individuals as a result of non-aggressive skeletal overgrowth or allogeneic tissue fusion, but contact reactions in many species result in mortality if there is no ‘self-recognition’ on a broad species level. This study reveals areas of ‘flawless’ skeletal fusion in Lophelia pertusa, potentially facilitated by allogeneic tissue fusion, are identified as having small aragonitic crystals or low levels of crystal organisation, and strong molecular bonding. Regardless of the mechanism, the recognition of ‘self’ between adjacent L. pertusa colonies leads to no observable mortality, facilitates ecosystem engineering and reduces aggression-related energetic expenditure in an environment where energy conservation is crucial. The potential for self-recognition at a species level, and subsequent skeletal fusion in framework-forming cold-water corals is an important first step in understanding their significance as ecological engineers in deep-seas worldwide.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/srep06782","usgsCitation":"Hennige, S.J., Morrison, C.L., Form, A.U., Buscher, J., Kamenos, N.A., and Roberts, J.M., 2014, Self-recognition in corals facilitates deep-sea habitat engineering: Scientific Reports, v. 4, p. 1-7, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep06782.","productDescription":"Article 6782; 7 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"7","ipdsId":"IP-052554","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473433,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/srep06782","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":339271,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e60273e4b09da6799ac68b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hennige, Sebastian J","contributorId":190561,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hennige","given":"Sebastian","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":689593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morrison, Cheryl L. 0000-0001-9425-691X cmorrison@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9425-691X","contributorId":146488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrison","given":"Cheryl","email":"cmorrison@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":689592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Form, Armin U.","contributorId":190562,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Form","given":"Armin","email":"","middleInitial":"U.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":689594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buscher, Janina","contributorId":190563,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buscher","given":"Janina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":689595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kamenos, Nicholas A.","contributorId":190564,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kamenos","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":689596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Roberts, J. Murray","contributorId":190565,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roberts","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Murray","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":689597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70189669,"text":"70189669 - 2014 - Transcriptomic effects-based monitoring for endocrine active chemicals: Assessing relative contribution of treated wastewater to downstream pollution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-14T16:02:33","indexId":"70189669","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transcriptomic effects-based monitoring for endocrine active chemicals: Assessing relative contribution of treated wastewater to downstream pollution","docAbstract":"The present study investigated whether a combination of targeted analytical chemistry information with unsupervised, data-rich biological methodology (i.e., transcriptomics) could be utilized to evaluate relative contributions of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents to biological effects. The effects of WWTP effluents on fish exposed to ambient, receiving waters were studied at three locations with distinct WWTP and watershed characteristics. At each location, 4 d exposures of male fathead minnows to the WWTP effluent and upstream and downstream ambient waters were conducted. Transcriptomic analyses were performed on livers using 15 000 feature microarrays, followed by a canonical pathway and gene set enrichment analyses. Enrichment of gene sets indicative of teleost brain–pituitary–gonadal–hepatic (BPGH) axis function indicated that WWTPs serve as an important source of endocrine active chemicals (EACs) that affect the BPGH axis (e.g., cholesterol and steroid metabolism were altered). The results indicated that transcriptomics may even pinpoint pertinent adverse outcomes (i.e., liver vacuolization) and groups of chemicals that preselected chemical analytes may miss. Transcriptomic Effects-Based monitoring was capable of distinguishing sites, and it reflected chemical pollution gradients, thus holding promise for assessment of relative contributions of point sources to pollution and the efficacy of pollution remediation.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es404027n","usgsCitation":"Martinovic-Weigelt, D., Mehinto, A.C., Ankley, G., Denslow, N., Barber, L.B., Lee, K., King, R.J., Schoenfuss, H.L., Schroeder, A.L., and Villeneuve, D.L., 2014, Transcriptomic effects-based monitoring for endocrine active chemicals: Assessing relative contribution of treated wastewater to downstream pollution: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 48, no. 4, p. 2385-2394, https://doi.org/10.1021/es404027n.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2385","endPage":"2394","ipdsId":"IP-053126","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344075,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59706fbce4b0d1f9f065a911","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martinovic-Weigelt, Dalma","contributorId":173655,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martinovic-Weigelt","given":"Dalma","affiliations":[{"id":6748,"text":"University of St. Thomas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":705708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mehinto, Alvine C.","contributorId":104387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mehinto","given":"Alvine","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ankley, Gerald T.","contributorId":177970,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ankley","given":"Gerald T.","affiliations":[{"id":13485,"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, MN","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":705710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Denslow, Nancy D.","contributorId":72831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denslow","given":"Nancy D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barber, Larry B. 0000-0002-0561-0831 lbbarber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0561-0831","contributorId":921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"Larry","email":"lbbarber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - 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Saint Paul","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":6914,"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":705716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Villeneuve, Daniel L.","contributorId":32091,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Villeneuve","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13485,"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, MN","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":705717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70187359,"text":"70187359 - 2014 - The temperature-productivity squeeze: Constraints on brook trout growth along an Appalachian river continuum","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-04T12:34:08","indexId":"70187359","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The temperature-productivity squeeze: Constraints on brook trout growth along an Appalachian river continuum","docAbstract":"We tested the hypothesis that brook trout growth rates are controlled by a complex interaction of food availability, water temperature, and competitor density. We quantified trout diet, growth, and consumption in small headwater tributaries characterized as cold with low food and high trout density, larger tributaries characterized as cold with moderate food and moderate trout density, and large main stems characterized as warm with high food and low trout density. Brook trout consumption was highest in the main stem where diets shifted from insects in headwaters to fishes and crayfish in larger streams. Despite high water temperatures, trout growth rates also were consistently highest in the main stem, likely due to competitively dominant trout monopolizing thermal refugia. Temporal changes in trout density had a direct negative effect on brook trout growth rates. Our results suggest that competition for food constrains brook trout growth in small streams, but access to thermal refugia in productive main stem habitats enables dominant trout to supplement growth at a watershed scale. Brook trout conservation in this region should seek to relieve the “temperature-productivity squeeze,” whereby brook trout productivity is constrained by access to habitats that provide both suitable water temperature and sufficient prey.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10750-013-1794-0","usgsCitation":"Petty, J.T., Thorne, D., Huntsman, B.M., and Mazik, P.M., 2014, The temperature-productivity squeeze: Constraints on brook trout growth along an Appalachian river continuum: Hydrobiologia, v. 727, no. 1, p. 151-166, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-013-1794-0.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"151","endPage":"166","ipdsId":"IP-042627","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340823,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Upper Shaver's Fork","volume":"727","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-12-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"590c3dcbe4b0e541a038dd2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petty, J. Todd","contributorId":166749,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petty","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Todd","affiliations":[{"id":24497,"text":"West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":693608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thorne, David","contributorId":191765,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thorne","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25281,"text":"West Virginia University, WV","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":24498,"text":"West Virginia Division of Natural Resources, Point Pleasant, WV","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":694167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huntsman, Brock M. 0000-0003-4090-1949","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4090-1949","contributorId":166748,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huntsman","given":"Brock","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":24497,"text":"West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":694168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mazik, Patricia M. 0000-0002-8046-5929 pmazik@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8046-5929","contributorId":2318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazik","given":"Patricia","email":"pmazik@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70042770,"text":"70042770 - 2014 - Waterfowl ecology and management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-12T17:42:42.851194","indexId":"70042770","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"5","title":"Waterfowl ecology and management","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Suisun Marsh: Ecological history and possible futures","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Ackerman, J., Herzog, M., Yarris, G., Casazza, M.L., Burns, E., and Eadie, J.M., 2014, Waterfowl ecology and management, chap. 5 of Suisun Marsh: Ecological history and possible futures, p. 103-132.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"103","endPage":"132","ipdsId":"IP-035610","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345476,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59b10932e4b020cdf7d8d9d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ackerman, Joshua T. 0000-0002-3074-8322 jackerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3074-8322","contributorId":147078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Joshua T.","email":"jackerman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":709610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herzog, Mark P. mherzog@usgs.gov","contributorId":3965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herzog","given":"Mark P.","email":"mherzog@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":709611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yarris, Gregory S.","contributorId":115361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yarris","given":"Gregory S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Casazza, Michael L. 0000-0002-5636-735X mike_casazza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5636-735X","contributorId":2091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casazza","given":"Michael","email":"mike_casazza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":709613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Burns, E.","contributorId":217388,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burns","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":766689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Eadie, John M.","contributorId":34067,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eadie","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6961,"text":"Department of Wildlife, Fish & Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":709615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70055517,"text":"70055517 - 2014 - Shale hydrocarbon reservoirs: Some influences of tectonics and paleogeography during deposition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-12T17:40:09.690694","indexId":"70055517","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"2","title":"Shale hydrocarbon reservoirs: Some influences of tectonics and paleogeography during deposition","docAbstract":"Continuous hydrocarbon accumulations in shale reservoirs appear to be characterized by common paleotectonic and paleogeographic histories and are limited to specific intervals of geologic time. In addition, most North American self-sourced shale correlates with geologic time periods of calcitic seas and greenhouse conditions and with evolutionary turnover of marine metazoans. More knowledge about the relations among these controls on deposition is needed, but conceptual modeling suggests that integrating tectonic histories, paleogeographic reconstructions, and eustatic curves may be a useful means by which to better understand shale plays already in development stages and potentially identify new organic-carbon-rich shale targets suitable for continuous resource development.
\nUpwelling and anoxic waters are commonly cited to explain the accumulation and preservation, respectively, of marine organic carbon. In addition, and perhaps alternatively, the broad correlation of self-sourced shale with macroevolutionary trends in land plants and marine metazoans suggests that reduced consumption of organic matter by benthos during periods of high terrestrial and marine organic productivity was responsible.
\nFundamental to any of the processes that acted during deposition, however, was active tectonism. Basin type can often distinguish self-sourced shale plays from other types of hydrocarbon source rocks. The deposition of North American self-sourced shale was associated with the assembly and subsequent fragmentation of Pangea. Flooded foreland basins along collisional margins were the predominant depositional settings during the Paleozoic, whereas deposition in semirestricted basins was responsible along the rifted passive margin of the U.S. Gulf Coast during the Mesozoic. Tectonism during deposition of self-sourced shale, such as the Upper Jurassic Haynesville Formation, confined (re)cycling of organic materials to relatively closed systems, which promoted uncommonly thick accumulations of organic matter.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology of the Haynesville gas shale in east Texas and west Louisiana","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"AAPG","doi":"10.1306/13441842M1053597","usgsCitation":"Eoff, J., 2014, Shale hydrocarbon reservoirs: Some influences of tectonics and paleogeography during deposition, chap. 2 of Geology of the Haynesville gas shale in east Texas and west Louisiana, p. 5-24, https://doi.org/10.1306/13441842M1053597.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"5","endPage":"24","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-038324","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324750,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57779434e4b07dd077c90622","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eoff, Jennifer D","contributorId":118140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eoff","given":"Jennifer D","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":518272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70055562,"text":"70055562 - 2014 - Free-living waterfowl and shorebirds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-01T12:04:17","indexId":"70055562","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Free-living waterfowl and shorebirds","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Zoo animal and wildlife immobilization and anesthesia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","usgsCitation":"Mulcahy, D.M., 2014, Free-living waterfowl and shorebirds, chap. of Zoo animal and wildlife immobilization and anesthesia, p. 481-506.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"481","endPage":"506","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052418","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324747,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":324746,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-081381183X.html"}],"edition":"Second Edition","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57779430e4b07dd077c905d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mulcahy, Daniel M. dmulcahy@usgs.gov","contributorId":3102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mulcahy","given":"Daniel","email":"dmulcahy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70192418,"text":"70192418 - 2014 - Major and trace element geochemistry and background concentrations for soils in Connecticut","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-02T11:37:54.198201","indexId":"70192418","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5673,"text":"Northeastern Geoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Major and trace element geochemistry and background concentrations for soils in Connecticut","docAbstract":"Soil samples were collected throughout Connecticut (CT) to determine the relationship of soil chemistry with the underlying geology and to better understand background concentrations of major and trace elements in soils. Soil samples were collected (1) from the upper 5 cm of surficial soil at 100 sites, (2) from the A horizon at 86 of these sites, and (3) from the deeper horizon, typically the C horizon, at 79 of these sites. The <2-millimeter fraction of each sample was analyzed for 44 elements by methods that yield the total or near-total elemental content. Sample sites were characterized by glacial setting, underlying bedrock geology, and soil type. These spatial data were used with element concentrations in the C-horizon to relate geologic factors to soil chemistry.
Concentrations of elements in C-horizon soils varied with grain size in surficial glacial materials and with underlying rock types, as determined using nonparametric statistical procedures. Concentrations of most elements in C-horizon soils showed a positive correlation with silt and (or) clay content and were higher in surficial materials mapped as till, thick till, and (or) fines. Element concentrations in C-horizon soils showed significant differences among the underlying geologic provinces and were highest overlying the Grenville Belt and (or) the Grenville Shelf Sequence Provinces in western CT. These rocks consist mainly of carbonates and the relatively high element concentrations in overlying soils likely result from less influence of dilution by quartz compared to other provinces. Element concentrations in C-horizon soils in CT were compared with those in samples from other New England states overlying similar lithologic bedrock types. The upper range of As concentrations in C-horizon soils overlying the New Hampshire-Maine (NH-ME) Sequence in CT was 15 mg/kg, lower than the upper range of 24 mg/kg in C-horizon soils overlying the same sequence in ME. In CT, U concentration means were significantly higher in C-horizon soils overlying Avalonian granites, and U concentrations ranged as high as 14 mg/kg, compared to those in C-horizon soil samples collected from other New England states, which ranged as high as 6.1 mg/kg in a sample in NH overlying the NH-ME Sequence.
Element concentrations in C-horizon soils in CT were compared with those in samples collected from shallower depths. Concentrations of most major elements were highest in C-horizon soil samples, including Al, Ca, Fe, K, Na, and Ti, but element concentrations showed a relatively similar pattern in A-horizon and surficial soil samples among the underlying geologic provinces. Trace element concentrations, including Ba, W, Ga, Ni, Cs, Rb, Sr, Th, Sc, and U, also were higher in C-horizon soil samples than in overlying soil samples. Concentrations of Mg, and several trace elements, including Mn, P, As, Nb, Sn, Be, Bi, Hg, Se, Sb, La, Co, Cr, Pb, V, Y, Cu, Pb, and Zn were highest in some A-horizon or surficial soils, and indicate possible contributions from anthropogenic sources. Because element concentrations in soils above the C horizon are more likely to be affected by anthropogenic factors, concentration ranges in C-horizon soils and their spatially varying geologic associations should be considered when estimating background concentrations of elements in CT soils.
Quantitative assessment of bacterial pathogens, their geographic variability, and distribution in various matrices at Great Lakes beaches are limited. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to test for genes from E. coli O157:H7 (eaeO157), shiga-toxin producing E. coli (stx2), Campylobacter jejuni (mapA), Shigella spp. (ipaH), and a Salmonella enterica-specific (SE) DNA sequence at seven Great Lakes beaches, in algae, water, and sediment. Overall, detection frequencies were mapA>stx2>ipaH>SE>eaeO157. Results were highly variable among beaches and matrices; some correlations with environmental conditions were observed for mapA, stx2, and ipaH detections. Beach seasonal mean mapA abundance in water was correlated with beach seasonal mean log10E. coli concentration. At one beach, stx2 gene abundance was positively correlated with concurrent daily E. coli concentrations. Concentration distributions for stx2, ipaH, and mapA within algae, sediment, and water were statistically different (Non-Detect and Data Analysis in R). Assuming 10, 50, or 100% of gene copies represented viable and presumably infective cells, a quantitative microbial risk assessment tool developed by Michigan State University indicated a moderate probability of illness for Campylobacter jejuni at the study beaches, especially where recreational water quality criteria were exceeded. Pathogen gene quantification may be useful for beach water quality management.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es5038657","usgsCitation":"Oster, R.J., Wijesinghe, R.U., Fogarty, L.R., Haack, S.K., Fogarty, L.R., Tucker, T.R., and Riley, S., 2014, Bacterial pathogen gene abundance and relation to recreational water quality at seven Great Lakes beaches: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 48, no. 24, p. 14148-14157, https://doi.org/10.1021/es5038657.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"14148","endPage":"14157","ipdsId":"IP-052094","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349032,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes","volume":"48","issue":"24","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-11-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6100c8e4b06e28e9c25411","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oster, Ryan J. roster@usgs.gov","contributorId":5483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oster","given":"Ryan","email":"roster@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":722157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wijesinghe, Rasanthi U. rwijesinghe@usgs.gov","contributorId":5484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wijesinghe","given":"Rasanthi","email":"rwijesinghe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"U.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":722158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fogarty, Lisa Reynolds 0000-0003-0329-3251 lrfogart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0329-3251","contributorId":150958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fogarty","given":"Lisa","email":"lrfogart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Reynolds","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":722159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haack, Sheridan K. skhaack@usgs.gov","contributorId":1982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haack","given":"Sheridan","email":"skhaack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":722160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fogarty, Lisa R. 0000-0003-0329-3251 lrfogart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0329-3251","contributorId":2053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fogarty","given":"Lisa","email":"lrfogart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":722571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tucker, Taaja R. 0000-0003-1534-4677 trtucker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1534-4677","contributorId":5172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tucker","given":"Taaja","email":"trtucker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":722161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Riley, Stephen 0000-0002-8968-8416 sriley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8968-8416","contributorId":169479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riley","given":"Stephen","email":"sriley@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":722162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70193626,"text":"70193626 - 2014 - Tsunami-generated sediment wave channels at Lake Tahoe, California-Nevada, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-02T15:00:59","indexId":"70193626","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tsunami-generated sediment wave channels at Lake Tahoe, California-Nevada, USA","docAbstract":"A gigantic ∼12 km3 landslide detached from the west wall of Lake Tahoe (California-Nevada, USA), and slid 15 km east across the lake. The splash, or tsunami, from this landslide eroded Tioga-age moraines dated as 21 ka. Lake-bottom short piston cores recovered sediment as old as 12 ka that did not reach landslide deposits, thereby constraining the landslide age as 21–12 ka.
Movement of the landslide splashed copious water onto the countryside and lowered the lake level ∼10 m. The sheets of water that washed back into the lake dumped their sediment load at the lowered shoreline, producing deltas that merged into delta terraces. During rapid growth, these unstable delta terraces collapsed, disaggregated, and fed turbidity currents that generated 15 subaqueous sediment wave channel systems that ring the lake and descend to the lake floor at 500 m depth. Sheets of water commonly more than 2 km wide at the shoreline fed these systems. Channels of the systems contain sediment waves (giant ripple marks) with maximum wavelengths of 400 m. The lower depositional aprons of the system are surfaced by sediment waves with maximum wavelengths of 300 m.
A remarkably similar, though smaller, contemporary sediment wave channel system operates at the mouth of the Squamish River in British Columbia. The system is generated by turbidity currents that are fed by repeated growth and collapse of the active river delta. The Tahoe splash-induced backwash was briefly equivalent to more than 15 Squamish Rivers in full flood and would have decimated life in low-lying areas of the Tahoe region.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES01025.1","usgsCitation":"Moore, J.G., Schweickert, R.A., and Kitts, C.A., 2014, Tsunami-generated sediment wave channels at Lake Tahoe, California-Nevada, USA: Geosphere, v. 10, no. 4, p. 757-768, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES01025.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"757","endPage":"768","ipdsId":"IP-053463","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473319,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges01025.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348118,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Lake Tahoe","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.1739501953125,\n 38.92416066460569\n ],\n [\n -119.91577148437499,\n 38.92416066460569\n ],\n [\n -119.91577148437499,\n 39.25671479372372\n ],\n [\n -120.1739501953125,\n 39.25671479372372\n ],\n [\n -120.1739501953125,\n 38.92416066460569\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59fc2eace4b0531197b27fb6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, James G. 0000-0002-7543-2401 jmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7543-2401","contributorId":2892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"James","email":"jmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schweickert, Richard A.","contributorId":60107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schweickert","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kitts, Christopher A.","contributorId":77345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kitts","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70192007,"text":"70192007 - 2014 - Restoration of Rio Grande cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii virginalis to the Mescalero Apache Reservation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-26T11:24:10","indexId":"70192007","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5373,"text":"Cooperator Science Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"FWS/CSS-111-2014","title":"Restoration of Rio Grande cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii virginalis to the Mescalero Apache Reservation","docAbstract":"Rio Grande Cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii virginalis (RGCT) represents the most southern subspecies of cutthroat trout, endemic to Rio Grande, Canadian, and Pecos basins of New Mexico and southern Colorado. The subspecies currently occupies less than 12% of its historic range. The Mescalero Apache Tribe has partnered with U.S. Geological Survey-New Mexico Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, New Mexico State University, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and New Mexico Department of Game and Fish to meet mutually shared goals of restoring and maintaining a Pecos strain of RGCT to Tribal lands. The goal of this project was to assess the suitability of the Rio Ruidoso within the Mescalero Apache Reservation to support a self-sustaining RGCT population by conducting a systematic and comprehensive survey. We conducted three surveys (fall 2010, spring 2011 and 2012) to characterize water quality, macroinvertebrate assemblages, fish communities, and physical habitat (stream size, channel gradient, channel substrate, habitat complexity, riparian vegetation cover and structure, migration barriers to movement).
Seven-100 m reaches throughout three major tributaries of the Rio Ruidoso within the Tribal lands were sampled during baseflow conditions October 2010, May 2011, and June 2012. Despite the onset of severe drought in 2011, water quality, physical habitat, and fish populations revealed that the Rio Ruidoso and its three tributaries would most likely support a self-sustaining RGCT population. Pools were abundant (mean, 8.9 pools/100 m), instream woody debris was present (range, 3.8-45.6 pieces/100 m), and instream dataloggers revealed daily maximum stream temperatures rarely exceeded criteria established in New Mexico for coldwater fishes, however, presence of frazil and anchor ice may limit fish distribution in the winter. Aquatic macroinvertebrate samples revealed a community of benthic invertebrates reflective of high quality cool to cold water. Overall densities of brown trout, rainbow trout and brook trout were high (overall mean, 0.23 fish/m2) and in relatively good condition (range of mean relative weight, 84-117).
Should the Mescalero Apache Tribe decide to introduce RGCT, prior to chemical treatment, a barrier placed below the confluence of Middle and South forks of the Rio Ruidoso would create approximately 12 km of perennial flow and help protect against invasion of non-native fishes. The North Fork of the Rio Ruidoso is not a good candidate for reintroduction because of easy access by the public to reintroduce non-native fishes into the watershed. Lastly, an annual, long-term monitoring program of RGCT would help document that there was no subsequent incursion of non-native fishes.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Kalb, B.W., and Caldwell, C.A., 2014, Restoration of Rio Grande cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii virginalis to the Mescalero Apache Reservation: Cooperator Science Series FWS/CSS-111-2014, 62 p.","productDescription":"62 p.","ipdsId":"IP-055912","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350654,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":350653,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://digitalmedia.fws.gov/cdm/ref/collection/document/id/2070"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6c4c98e4b06e28e9cabb18","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kalb, Bradley W.","contributorId":201490,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kalb","given":"Bradley","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Caldwell, Colleen A. 0000-0002-4730-4867 ccaldwel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4730-4867","contributorId":3050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"Colleen","email":"ccaldwel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70192570,"text":"70192570 - 2014 - Source, conveyance and fate of suspended sediments following Hurricane Irene. New England, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-06T08:37:15","indexId":"70192570","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Source, conveyance and fate of suspended sediments following Hurricane Irene. New England, USA","docAbstract":"Hurricane Irene passed directly over the Connecticut River valley in late August, 2011. Intense precipitation and high antecedent soil moisture resulted in record flooding, mass wasting and fluvial erosion, allowing for observations of how these rare but significant extreme events affect a landscape still responding to Pleistocene glaciation and associated sediment emplacement. Clays and silts from upland glacial deposits, once suspended in the stream network, were routed directly to the mouth of the Connecticut River, resulting in record-breaking sediment loads fifteen-times greater than predicted from the pre-existing rating curve. Denudation was particularly extensive in mountainous areas. We calculate that sediment yield during the event from the Deerfield River, a steep tributary comprising 5% of the entire Connecticut River watershed, exceeded at minimum 10–40 years of routine sediment discharge and accounted for approximately 40% of the total event sediment discharge from the Connecticut River. A series of surface sediment cores taken in floodplain ponds adjacent to the tidal section of the Connecticut River before and after the event provides insight into differences in sediment sourcing and routing for the Irene event compared to periods of more routine flooding. Relative to routine conditions, sedimentation from Irene was anomalously inorganic, fine grained, and enriched in elements commonly found in chemically immature glacial tills and glaciolacustrine material. These unique sedimentary characteristics document the crucial role played by extreme precipitation from tropical disturbances in denuding this landscape.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.07.028","usgsCitation":"Yellen, B., Woodruff, J.D., Kratz, L.N., Mabee, S.B., Morrison, J., and Martini, A.M., 2014, Source, conveyance and fate of suspended sediments following Hurricane Irene. New England, USA: Geomorphology, v. 226, p. 124-134, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.07.028.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"124","endPage":"134","ipdsId":"IP-037274","costCenters":[{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347509,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"New England","volume":"226","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a07ed4ee4b09af898c8cd4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yellen, Brian","contributorId":198491,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yellen","given":"Brian","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":33278,"text":"Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":716242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woodruff, Jon D.","contributorId":198492,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woodruff","given":"Jon","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":33278,"text":"Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":716243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kratz, Laura N.","contributorId":198493,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kratz","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":33278,"text":"Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":716244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mabee, Steven B.","contributorId":198494,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mabee","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":35248,"text":"Massachusetts Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":716245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Morrison, Jonathan 0000-0002-1756-4609 jmorriso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1756-4609","contributorId":2274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrison","given":"Jonathan","email":"jmorriso@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":716241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Martini, Anna M.","contributorId":192675,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martini","given":"Anna","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":35249,"text":"Department of Geology, Amherst College","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":716246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70192195,"text":"70192195 - 2014 - Hydroclimatic regimes: a distributed water-balance framework for hydrologic assessment, classification, and management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T11:40:25","indexId":"70192195","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1928,"text":"Hydrology and Earth System Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydroclimatic regimes: a distributed water-balance framework for hydrologic assessment, classification, and management","docAbstract":"Runoff-based indicators of terrestrial water availability are appropriate for humid regions, but have tended to limit our basic hydrologic understanding of drylands – the dry-subhumid, semiarid, and arid regions which presently cover nearly half of the global land surface. In response, we introduce an indicator framework that gives equal weight to humid and dryland regions, accounting fully for both vertical (precipitation + evapotranspiration) and horizontal (groundwater + surface-water) components of the hydrologic cycle in any given location – as well as fluxes into and out of landscape storage. We apply the framework to a diverse hydroclimatic region (the conterminous USA) using a distributed water-balance model consisting of 53 400 networked landscape hydrologic units. Our model simulations indicate that about 21% of the conterminous USA either generated no runoff or consumed runoff from upgradient sources on a mean-annual basis during the 20th century. Vertical fluxes exceeded horizontal fluxes across 76% of the conterminous area. Long-term-average total water availability (TWA) during the 20th century, defined here as the total influx to a landscape hydrologic unit from precipitation, groundwater, and surface water, varied spatially by about 400 000-fold, a range of variation ~100 times larger than that for mean-annual runoff across the same area. The framework includes but is not limited to classical, runoff-based approaches to water-resource assessment. It also incorporates and reinterprets the green- and blue-water perspective now gaining international acceptance. Implications of the new framework for several areas of contemporary hydrology are explored, and the data requirements of the approach are discussed in relation to the increasing availability of gridded global climate, land-surface, and hydrologic data sets.
","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/hess-18-3855-2014","usgsCitation":"Weiskel, P.K., Wolock, D.M., Zarriello, P.J., Vogel, R.M., Levin, S.B., and Lent, R.M., 2014, Hydroclimatic regimes: a distributed water-balance framework for hydrologic assessment, classification, and management: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, v. 18, p. 3855-3872, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3855-2014.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"3855","endPage":"3872","ipdsId":"IP-044838","costCenters":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473320,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3855-2014","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":347118,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59eeffade4b0220bbd988fd1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weiskel, Peter K. pweiskel@usgs.gov","contributorId":1099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weiskel","given":"Peter","email":"pweiskel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolock, David M. 0000-0002-6209-938X dwolock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"David","email":"dwolock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zarriello, Phillip J. 0000-0001-9598-9904 pzarriel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9598-9904","contributorId":1868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zarriello","given":"Phillip","email":"pzarriel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vogel, Richard M.","contributorId":66811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogel","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Levin, Sara B. 0000-0002-2448-3129 slevin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2448-3129","contributorId":1870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Levin","given":"Sara","email":"slevin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lent, Robert M. rmlent@usgs.gov","contributorId":284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lent","given":"Robert","email":"rmlent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70190450,"text":"70190450 - 2014 - Geochemistry of a marine phosphate deposit: A signpost to phosphogenesis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-05T15:01:01","indexId":"70190450","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Geochemistry of a marine phosphate deposit: A signpost to phosphogenesis","docAbstract":"The Permian age Phosphoria Formation in southeastern Idaho and adjoining states represents possibly the largest marine phosphate deposit in the world. The Meade Peak Member, which contains the highest concentrations and amount of carbonate fluorapatite in the formation, was not significantly altered by mechanical reworking during deposition or subsequently by chemical weathering. Thus, its present composition reflects properties of the Phosphoria Sea that were critical to its accumulation and possibly to the accumulation of most major marine phosphate deposits. These properties included the chemistry of the water column, the hydrography, and the level of primary productivity. Calculated accumulation rates of the PO43− and trace nutrients – Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn – recorded a dynamic upwelling rate of c.30 m year−1 that supported primary productivity of 2g C m−2day−1. High accumulation rates of the hydrogenous redox-sensitive trace metals – Cr, Mo, U, and V – reflect bottom-water redox conditions that were dominantly suboxic, maintained by a balance between the oxidation of ~ 8% of the organic detritus that settled out of the photic zone and advection of bottom water with a residence time of c.10 years. A limited flux into the basin of siliciclastic lithogenous debris contributed further to elevated concentrations of the seawater-derived sediment fractions.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Treatise on geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-08-095975-7.01112-8","usgsCitation":"Piper, D.Z., and Perkins, R., 2014, Geochemistry of a marine phosphate deposit: A signpost to phosphogenesis, chap. of Treatise on geochemistry, v. 13, p. 293-312, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-095975-7.01112-8.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"293","endPage":"312","ipdsId":"IP-027826","costCenters":[{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345471,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59afb79ee4b0e9bde135113b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piper, David Z. dzpiper@usgs.gov","contributorId":2452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piper","given":"David","email":"dzpiper@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":709223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perkins, R.B.","contributorId":49501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70192199,"text":"70192199 - 2014 - 2013 status of the Lake Ontario lower trophic levels ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-05T12:36:36","indexId":"70192199","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5114,"text":"NYSDEC Lake Ontario Annual Report ","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"2013","chapter":"16","title":"2013 status of the Lake Ontario lower trophic levels ","docAbstract":"Man-made water sources have been used as a management tool for wildlife, especially in arid regions, but the value of these water sources for wildlife populations is not well understood. In particular, the value of water as a conservation tool for Lesser Prairie-Chickens (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) is unknown. However, this is a relevant issue due to a heightened conservation concern for the species and its occupancy of an arid landscape anticipated to experience warmer, drier springs and winters. We assessed if Lesser Prairie-Chickens would use commercially available wildlife water guzzlers and if there was any apparent selection between two design types. We confirmed that Lesser Prairie-Chickens would use bird friendly designed wildlife water guzzlers. Use was primarily during the lekking-nesting period (March–May) and the brood rearing period (June–July) and primarily by males. Although both designs were used, we found significantly greater use of a design that had a wider water trough and ramp built into the tank cover compared to a design that had a longer, narrower trough extending from the tank.
Although we were unable to assess the physiological need of surface water by Lesser Prairie-Chickens, we were able to verify that they will use wildlife water guzzlers to access surface water. If it is found surface water is beneficial for Lesser Prairie-Chickens, game bird friendly designed guzzlers may be a useful conservation tool for the species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Texas Ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"Boal, C.W., Borsdorf, P.K., and Gicklhorn, T.S., 2014, Assessment of lesser prairie-chicken use of wildlife water guzzlers: Bulletin of the Texas Ornithological Society, v. 46, no. 1-2, p. 10-18.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"10","endPage":"18","ipdsId":"IP-051286","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347504,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":347503,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.texasbirds.org/publications.php"}],"volume":"46","issue":"1-2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a07ed4ee4b09af898c8cd4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boal, Clint W. 0000-0001-6008-8911 cboal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6008-8911","contributorId":1909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boal","given":"Clint","email":"cboal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":716161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Borsdorf, Philip K.","contributorId":93386,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Borsdorf","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":24740,"text":"Department of Natural Resources Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":716463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gicklhorn, Trevor S.","contributorId":166698,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gicklhorn","given":"Trevor","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":24740,"text":"Department of Natural Resources Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":716464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}