{"pageNumber":"5838","pageRowStart":"145925","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":5221098,"text":"5221098 - 1978 - An unusually long pursuit of a deer by a wolf","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-11T15:42:32.484161","indexId":"5221098","displayToPublicDate":"1978-11-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An unusually long pursuit of a deer by a wolf","docAbstract":"

No abstract available. 

","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1380155","usgsCitation":"Mech, L., and Korb, M., 1978, An unusually long pursuit of a deer by a wolf: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 59, no. 4, p. 860-861, https://doi.org/10.2307/1380155.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"860","endPage":"861","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197653,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","county":"Lake County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-91.026,47.4597],[-91.0348,47.4567],[-91.0553,47.4451],[-91.0676,47.4389],[-91.0697,47.437],[-91.0837,47.4217],[-91.0979,47.4155],[-91.1068,47.4119],[-91.113,47.4075],[-91.1191,47.403],[-91.1302,47.394],[-91.1399,47.3849],[-91.1488,47.3791],[-91.1591,47.3715],[-91.1694,47.3634],[-91.1786,47.3493],[-91.1829,47.342],[-91.1891,47.337],[-91.1966,47.333],[-91.1986,47.3317],[-91.2055,47.3263],[-91.2111,47.3199],[-91.2167,47.3127],[-91.2235,47.3063],[-91.2317,47.3014],[-91.244,47.2947],[-91.2549,47.2894],[-91.2707,47.2749],[-91.2748,47.2723],[-91.2789,47.2691],[-91.2823,47.2673],[-91.2844,47.2646],[-91.2845,47.2632],[-91.2845,47.2618],[-91.2833,47.2591],[-91.2874,47.2559],[-91.2949,47.2523],[-91.3016,47.2506],[-91.3125,47.2448],[-91.3201,47.2376],[-91.3371,47.2282],[-91.3439,47.2237],[-91.348,47.2196],[-91.3529,47.2133],[-91.3557,47.2092],[-91.3585,47.206],[-91.3653,47.2015],[-91.3701,47.197],[-91.3728,47.1961],[-91.3911,47.1877],[-91.4033,47.181],[-91.4074,47.1792],[-91.4121,47.177],[-91.4176,47.1711],[-91.4245,47.1638],[-91.4321,47.1562],[-91.439,47.1494],[-91.4466,47.1412],[-91.454,47.1363],[-91.4595,47.1322],[-91.4684,47.125],[-91.4812,47.121],[-91.4919,47.1194],[-91.5,47.1153],[-91.5123,47.105],[-91.5218,47.101],[-91.5292,47.0974],[-91.5373,47.0948],[-91.5448,47.0889],[-91.5541,47.0867],[-91.5628,47.0855],[-91.5689,47.0833],[-91.573,47.0806],[-91.5771,47.0756],[-91.5813,47.0701],[-91.5867,47.0647],[-91.5983,47.0584],[-91.6016,47.0571],[-91.6077,47.053],[-91.6179,47.0472],[-91.6246,47.0441],[-91.6287,47.0405],[-91.6315,47.0368],[-91.6283,47.0313],[-91.6277,47.0299],[-91.6297,47.0281],[-91.6338,47.0258],[-91.6371,47.0245],[-91.6411,47.025],[-91.6451,47.0242],[-91.6518,47.0238],[-91.6553,47.0169],[-91.6581,47.0133],[-91.6594,47.0129],[-91.6614,47.0124],[-91.6627,47.0134],[-91.6654,47.0134],[-91.6708,47.0107],[-91.6761,47.0099],[-91.6829,47.0072],[-91.6896,47.005],[-91.697,47.0023],[-91.7024,46.9987],[-91.7051,46.9951],[-91.7113,46.9892],[-91.7235,46.9802],[-91.7411,46.9676],[-91.7539,46.9613],[-91.7641,46.9518],[-91.7757,46.9427],[-91.7791,46.9396],[-91.7898,46.9342],[-91.7905,46.9333],[-91.7946,46.931],[-91.7939,47.1882],[-91.7954,47.2847],[-91.7951,47.373],[-91.793,47.3739],[-91.7893,47.566],[-91.8026,47.8037],[-91.8014,48.0026],[-91.8009,48.0219],[-91.8005,48.0362],[-91.7988,48.2049],[-91.7948,48.2035],[-91.7934,48.2021],[-91.7922,48.1998],[-91.7916,48.1991],[-91.7905,48.1989],[-91.7875,48.1984],[-91.7845,48.1978],[-91.7828,48.1975],[-91.7825,48.1975],[-91.782,48.1978],[-91.7813,48.2001],[-91.7799,48.201],[-91.7778,48.2028],[-91.767,48.2023],[-91.7604,48.202],[-91.7569,48.2018],[-91.7515,48.2016],[-91.7473,48.1987],[-91.7452,48.1983],[-91.7433,48.1994],[-91.7426,48.1997],[-91.7425,48.1998],[-91.7413,48.2004],[-91.7392,48.2003],[-91.7372,48.2018],[-91.7345,48.2023],[-91.7298,48.2027],[-91.7287,48.2025],[-91.7228,48.2013],[-91.721,48.2007],[-91.7157,48.1983],[-91.7125,48.1965],[-91.7119,48.1961],[-91.7116,48.196],[-91.7114,48.1955],[-91.709,48.1948],[-91.7102,48.1931],[-91.7055,48.1919],[-91.6987,48.186],[-91.6962,48.1838],[-91.6952,48.1798],[-91.6909,48.1623],[-91.6946,48.1489],[-91.6952,48.1468],[-91.6964,48.1426],[-91.6911,48.1273],[-91.677,48.1243],[-91.6657,48.1219],[-91.6295,48.1191],[-91.6252,48.1178],[-91.6196,48.116],[-91.6156,48.1147],[-91.6095,48.1128],[-91.6066,48.1108],[-91.6005,48.1065],[-91.5954,48.1028],[-91.5948,48.1028],[-91.5879,48.1035],[-91.587,48.1037],[-91.5859,48.104],[-91.5838,48.1046],[-91.5817,48.1053],[-91.5759,48.1074],[-91.5727,48.1077],[-91.5701,48.108],[-91.5651,48.1085],[-91.564,48.1086],[-91.5635,48.1087],[-91.5622,48.1089],[-91.5598,48.1094],[-91.5575,48.1083],[-91.5557,48.1065],[-91.5527,48.104],[-91.5528,48.1039],[-91.5529,48.1039],[-91.5522,48.1036],[-91.5535,48.1027],[-91.552,48.1017],[-91.5609,48.0968],[-91.5686,48.0926],[-91.5689,48.0904],[-91.5694,48.0856],[-91.5639,48.0834],[-91.5605,48.0821],[-91.5562,48.0804],[-91.5519,48.081],[-91.5375,48.083],[-91.5168,48.0815],[-91.5107,48.0811],[-91.5022,48.0809],[-91.4773,48.0801],[-91.4732,48.0789],[-91.4602,48.0751],[-91.4586,48.0746],[-91.4346,48.0692],[-91.4327,48.0686],[-91.4304,48.0679],[-91.4267,48.0668],[-91.4256,48.0665],[-91.416,48.0637],[-91.4101,48.0612],[-91.4072,48.0599],[-91.4071,48.0599],[-91.4071,48.0598],[-91.4013,48.0573],[-91.4002,48.0572],[-91.3991,48.0571],[-91.3949,48.0584],[-91.3933,48.0589],[-91.3871,48.0608],[-91.385,48.0623],[-91.3839,48.0631],[-91.3804,48.0655],[-91.3791,48.0664],[-91.3773,48.0673],[-91.3745,48.0687],[-91.3714,48.0704],[-91.3666,48.0685],[-91.3658,48.0682],[-91.3652,48.068],[-91.3641,48.0683],[-91.3632,48.0684],[-91.3623,48.0684],[-91.3605,48.0686],[-91.3576,48.0688],[-91.3521,48.0697],[-91.3467,48.071],[-91.3399,48.0713],[-91.3366,48.071],[-91.3366,48.0709],[-91.3344,48.0709],[-91.3283,48.0712],[-91.3216,48.0714],[-91.3211,48.0715],[-91.321,48.0715],[-91.3187,48.0717],[-91.3162,48.0719],[-91.3111,48.0718],[-91.2963,48.0723],[-91.2961,48.0724],[-91.2874,48.0738],[-91.2857,48.0744],[-91.285,48.0746],[-91.2795,48.0768],[-91.2761,48.0777],[-91.2707,48.0776],[-91.2666,48.0779],[-91.2653,48.078],[-91.264,48.0784],[-91.2623,48.0791],[-91.2591,48.0802],[-91.2552,48.0813],[-91.2544,48.0815],[-91.2513,48.0831],[-91.2482,48.0846],[-91.2433,48.0878],[-91.241,48.0893],[-91.2378,48.0914],[-91.2327,48.0943],[-91.2323,48.0945],[-91.2274,48.0976],[-91.2219,48.1003],[-91.2175,48.1022],[-91.2158,48.103],[-91.213,48.1052],[-91.2126,48.1055],[-91.2095,48.108],[-91.2046,48.1116],[-91.2025,48.1143],[-91.2018,48.1152],[-91.2009,48.1163],[-91.2008,48.1164],[-91.1968,48.1211],[-91.1967,48.1212],[-91.1955,48.122],[-91.1953,48.1221],[-91.192,48.1243],[-91.1907,48.1235],[-91.1903,48.1233],[-91.1898,48.1239],[-91.1874,48.1244],[-91.1861,48.1246],[-91.1805,48.1251],[-91.1787,48.1255],[-91.177,48.1268],[-91.1759,48.1275],[-91.1751,48.1279],[-91.1735,48.1288],[-91.1727,48.1294],[-91.1672,48.1326],[-91.1643,48.1343],[-91.1604,48.1366],[-91.1595,48.1372],[-91.1541,48.1404],[-91.1438,48.1465],[-91.1437,48.1467],[-91.1436,48.1468],[-91.1434,48.147],[-91.1418,48.1492],[-91.1417,48.1492],[-91.1404,48.1508],[-91.1394,48.1518],[-91.1391,48.1521],[-91.1391,48.1522],[-91.1389,48.1524],[-91.1368,48.1547],[-91.135,48.1558],[-91.1333,48.1569],[-91.132,48.1574],[-91.1316,48.1576],[-91.1298,48.1583],[-91.1281,48.1587],[-91.1264,48.1591],[-91.1254,48.1593],[-91.1253,48.1593],[-91.1244,48.1595],[-91.1202,48.1618],[-91.1178,48.1628],[-91.1174,48.1629],[-91.1147,48.164],[-91.1092,48.1667],[-91.1048,48.1682],[-91.1031,48.1689],[-91.0983,48.1697],[-91.0965,48.1709],[-91.0955,48.1715],[-91.0936,48.173],[-91.0921,48.1741],[-91.092,48.1742],[-91.0905,48.1754],[-91.0885,48.1769],[-91.0838,48.1778],[-91.0776,48.179],[-91.0735,48.1794],[-91.0714,48.1796],[-91.0695,48.1798],[-91.0667,48.1816],[-91.0665,48.1819],[-91.0664,48.182],[-91.0656,48.1822],[-91.0652,48.1829],[-91.0647,48.1838],[-91.0634,48.1846],[-91.0632,48.1848],[-91.0619,48.1854],[-91.0598,48.1863],[-91.0596,48.1863],[-91.0584,48.187],[-91.0576,48.1872],[-91.057,48.1874],[-91.0515,48.1887],[-91.0489,48.1891],[-91.0488,48.1891],[-91.0402,48.1902],[-91.0393,48.1903],[-91.0389,48.1904],[-91.0338,48.1907],[-91.0311,48.1911],[-91.0306,48.0634],[-91.0258,48.0633],[-91.0263,47.9804],[-91.0289,47.9652],[-91.0248,47.844],[-91.0246,47.8311],[-91.0254,47.5453],[-91.026,47.4597]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Lake\",\"state\":\"MN\"}}]}","volume":"59","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db684117","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mech, L.D. 0000-0003-3944-7769","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":75466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mech","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Korb, M.","contributorId":94001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Korb","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5223591,"text":"5223591 - 1978 - Additional distributional records of Preble's shrew (Sorex preblei)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-11T15:35:27.101824","indexId":"5223591","displayToPublicDate":"1978-11-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Additional distributional records of Preble's shrew (Sorex preblei)","docAbstract":"

No abstract available. 

","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1380167","usgsCitation":"Hoffman, R., and Fisher, R., 1978, Additional distributional records of Preble's shrew (Sorex preblei): Journal of Mammalogy, v. 59, no. 4, p. 883-884, https://doi.org/10.2307/1380167.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"883","endPage":"884","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202116,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699b68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffman, R.S.","contributorId":33030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fisher, R.D.","contributorId":62967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012592,"text":"70012592 - 1978 - Oxygen and carbon isotopic growth record in a reef coral from the Florida Keys and a deep-sea coral from Blake Plateau","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-15T16:25:57.092252","indexId":"70012592","displayToPublicDate":"1978-11-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Oxygen and carbon isotopic growth record in a reef coral from the Florida Keys and a deep-sea coral from Blake Plateau","docAbstract":"

Carbon and oxygen isotope analysis through a 30-year (1944 to 1974) growth of Montastrea annularis from Hen and Chickens Reef (Florida Keys) shows a strong yearly variation in the abundances of both carbon-13 and oxygen-18 and a broad inverse relationship between the two isotopes. Normal annual dense bands are formed during the summer and are characterized by heavy carbon and light oxygen. \"Stress bands\" are formed during particularly severe winters and are characterized by heavy carbon and heavy oxygen. The isotopic effect of Zooxanthellae metabolism dominates the temperature effect on the oxygen-18/oxygen-16 ratio. The isotopic results on the deep-sea solitary coral Bathypsammia tintinnabulum, where Zooxanthellae are nonexistent, indicates that the abundance of the heavy isotopes carbon-13 and oxygen-18 is inversely related to the growth rate, with both carbon and oxygen approaching equilibrium values with increasing skeletal age.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.202.4368.627","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Emiliani, C., Hudson, J., Shinn, E., and George, R., 1978, Oxygen and carbon isotopic growth record in a reef coral from the Florida Keys and a deep-sea coral from Blake Plateau: Science, v. 202, no. 4368, p. 627-629, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.202.4368.627.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"627","endPage":"629","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222088,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Florida Keys","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.64815309702797,\n 25.45499893260788\n ],\n [\n -82.64815309702797,\n 24.48155487831727\n ],\n [\n -80.20673642866649,\n 24.48155487831727\n ],\n [\n -80.20673642866649,\n 25.45499893260788\n ],\n [\n -82.64815309702797,\n 25.45499893260788\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"202","issue":"4368","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a727be4b0c8380cd76b0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Emiliani, C.","contributorId":41139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emiliani","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hudson, J.H.","contributorId":102505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shinn, E.A.","contributorId":38610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shinn","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"George, R.Y.","contributorId":98879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"George","given":"R.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70119904,"text":"70119904 - 1978 - Economic considerations for improved livestock management approaches for fish and wildlife in riparian/stream areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-11T13:47:02","indexId":"70119904","displayToPublicDate":"1978-11-03T13:42:18","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Economic considerations for improved livestock management approaches for fish and wildlife in riparian/stream areas","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Forum--Grazing and Riparian/Stream Ecosystems","conferenceTitle":"Grazing and Riparian/Stream Ecosystems","conferenceDate":"1978-11-03T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Denver, CO","language":"English","publisher":"Trout Unlimited","usgsCitation":"Olson, R., and Armour, C.L., 1978, Economic considerations for improved livestock management approaches for fish and wildlife in riparian/stream areas, 5 p.","productDescription":"5 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291964,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53e9d8cde4b008eaa4f3f636","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olson, R.","contributorId":104827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Armour, Carl L.","contributorId":16499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armour","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70199553,"text":"70199553 - 1978 - Model aids planners in predicting rising ground-water levels in San Bernardino, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-20T15:49:02","indexId":"70199553","displayToPublicDate":"1978-11-01T15:48:16","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Model aids planners in predicting rising ground-water levels in San Bernardino, California","docAbstract":"

The city of San Bernardino is in a semiarid inland valley about 60 miles (100 kilometers) east of Los Angeles. The southern part of the city is traversed by the San Jacinto fault. Adjacent to the upgradient (northeast) side of the fault is a 10 square mile (26 square kilometers) area which contains a zone in the alluvial ground‐water basin that formerly was under artesian pressure and consisted of swampy lands with a history of flowing wells, springs, and ground‐water discharge to Warm Creek.

Since about 1945, water levels have declined more than 100 feet (30 meters), and the swampy lands have dried up and are now highly urbanized. Basin replenishment by artificial recharge of imported northern California water at the base of the San Bernardino Mountains may cause ground‐water levels to rise again in the area that was formerly swampy land. If this should happen, building foundations and basements could be subjected to structural damage and flooding by renewed flowing of unplugged artesian wells.

The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the San Bernardino Valley Municipal Water District, is developing a two‐layer digital model to aid in predicting the rate and extent of the rise in water levels. The solution to the mathematical equations used in the model was approximated numerically by the Galerkin finite‐element method. The water district desires to evaluate water management alternatives, such as varying location, distribution, amounts of recharge, and pumping centers, to avoid excessive water level rises that could indicate an overfilling of the basin and could cause damage.

","language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1978.tb03257.x","usgsCitation":"Hardt, W.F., and Hutchinson, C.B., 1978, Model aids planners in predicting rising ground-water levels in San Bernardino, California: Groundwater, v. 16, no. 6, p. 424-431, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1978.tb03257.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"424","endPage":"431","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357576,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Berndardino","volume":"16","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hardt, William F.","contributorId":70013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardt","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hutchinson, C. B.","contributorId":94655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70200530,"text":"70200530 - 1978 - A large landslide on Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-23T10:01:07","indexId":"70200530","displayToPublicDate":"1978-11-01T09:59:53","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A large landslide on Mars","docAbstract":"

A large landslide deposit on the south wall of Gangis Chasma contains at least 100 billion m3of material that moved 60 km across the trough floor at a speed of more than 100 km/hr. The deposit consists of slump blocks at the head, hummocky material farther out, and a vast apron of longitudinally ridged material extending to the toe. The landslide deposit resembles many terrestrial ones but is much larger, and differs from most in having longitudinal rather than transverse ridges on its surface. However, some terrestrial landslides also have longitudinal ridges, particularly those in Alaska that traveled long distances over glacial ice and thus were highly efficient. In order to explain this high efficiency, two possible mechanisms of emplacement are singled out. The first involves a sliding motion on a cushion of air; on Mars, this implies a once much denser atmosphere, or the release of a gas, possibly steam. The second mechanism involves a flow motion of debris that is lubricated by some water; on Mars, the water may have come from ice in the source rock. An analysis of the possible causes for the Martian slide shows that the Martian trough walls are highly susceptible to sliding, and that the landslide may have been triggered by a Mars quake.

","language":"English","publisher":"The Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1978)89<1601:ALLOM>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Lucchitta, B.K., 1978, A large landslide on Mars: GSA Bulletin, v. 89, no. 11, p. 1601-1609, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1978)89<1601:ALLOM>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1601","endPage":"1609","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358659,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lucchitta, Baerbel K. blucchitta@usgs.gov","contributorId":3649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucchitta","given":"Baerbel","email":"blucchitta@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":749379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70232435,"text":"70232435 - 1978 - Low-cost computer classification of land cover in the Portland area, Oregon, by signature extension techniques","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-01T14:08:04.751297","indexId":"70232435","displayToPublicDate":"1978-11-01T09:03:25","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Low-cost computer classification of land cover in the Portland area, Oregon, by signature extension techniques","docAbstract":"

Computer-aided techniques for interpreting multispectral data acquired by Landsat offer economies in the mapping of land cover. Even so, the actual establishment of the statistical classes, or \"signatures,\" is one of the relatively more costly operations involved. Analysts have, therefore, been seeking cost-saving signature extension techniques that would accept training data acquired at one time or place and apply them to another. Signatures may be extended in preprocessing steps or in the classification steps that follow. In the present example, land cover classes were derived by the simplest and most direct form of signature extension: Classes statistically derived from a Landsat scene of the Puget Sound area, Wash., were applied to the adjacent Landsat scene of the Portland area, Oreg., acquired during the next 25 seconds down orbit. Many features can be recognized on the reduced-scale version of the Portland land cover map shown in this report although no statistical assessment of its accuracy is available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Gaydos, L.J., 1978, Low-cost computer classification of land cover in the Portland area, Oregon, by signature extension techniques: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 6, no. 6, p. 815-819.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"815","endPage":"819","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":402823,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402822,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1978/vol6issue6/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","city":"Portland","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.92578125,\n 44.84808025602074\n ],\n [\n -122.05261230468751,\n 44.84808025602074\n ],\n [\n -122.05261230468751,\n 46.210249600187225\n ],\n [\n -123.92578125,\n 46.210249600187225\n ],\n [\n -123.92578125,\n 44.84808025602074\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gaydos, Leonard J.","contributorId":213909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaydos","given":"Leonard","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":845536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70175862,"text":"70175862 - 1978 - Instructions for the battery pack BP-76 HD","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T10:42:11","indexId":"70175862","displayToPublicDate":"1978-10-31T13:45:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"Instructions for the battery pack BP-76 HD","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"Federal Inter-Agency Sedimentation Project","usgsCitation":"Skinner, J.V., 1978, Instructions for the battery pack BP-76 HD, 3 p.","productDescription":"3 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327047,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b82dcae4b03fd6b7da37b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Skinner, J. V.","contributorId":32504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skinner","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70156509,"text":"70156509 - 1978 - A selected bibliography: general remote sensing references","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-24T09:06:32","indexId":"70156509","displayToPublicDate":"1978-10-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"chapter":"V","title":"A selected bibliography: general remote sensing references","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Review of remote sensing terminology, systems, data, and analysis techniques","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"Pecora IV: Application of remote sensing data to wildlife management","conferenceDate":"October 10-12, 1978","conferenceLocation":"Sioux Falls, SD","language":"English","usgsCitation":"EROS Data Center, 1978, A selected bibliography: general remote sensing references, in Review of remote sensing terminology, systems, data, and analysis techniques, Sioux Falls, SD, October 10-12, 1978, 4 p.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":307202,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57ffba57e4b0824b2d170fc1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"EROS Data Center","contributorId":127958,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"EROS Data Center","id":569343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70113453,"text":"70113453 - 1978 - A perspective on remote sensing for wildlife management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-04T15:29:51.271203","indexId":"70113453","displayToPublicDate":"1978-10-10T16:45:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A perspective on remote sensing for wildlife management","docAbstract":"

The Pecora IV Symposium (Applications of Remote Sensing Data to Wildlife Management) conducted October 10-12, 1978, in Sioux Falls, S.D.; provided a perspective on the uses of remote sensing techniques for wildlife management. The task of summarizing the Symposium, which is the objective of this paper, is not simple because of the diversity of opinions presented regarding (a) the magnitude of the wildlife management problems, and (b) the uses of remotely sensed data to address these problems. Factors which contributed to the diversity of opinions presented include: varying degrees of experience with wildlife management problems, differences in experience with remote sensing applications, and level of responsibility within the management decision-making process.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pecora IV: Proceedings of the symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Pecora IV: Application of Remote Sensing Data to Wildlife Management","conferenceDate":"October 10-12, 1978","conferenceLocation":"Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States","language":"English","publisher":"National Wildlife Federation","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Carneggie, D.M., and Marmelstein, A., 1978, A perspective on remote sensing for wildlife management, in Pecora IV: Proceedings of the symposium, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States, October 10-12, 1978, p. 392-397.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"392","endPage":"397","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288943,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7617e4b0abf75cf2be81","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Pecora, William T.","contributorId":45167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pecora","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":839450,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berger, Michael E.","contributorId":289608,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Berger","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":839451,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Carneggie, David M.","contributorId":62758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carneggie","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marmelstein, A.","contributorId":83446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marmelstein","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70113440,"text":"70113440 - 1978 - Quantitative wildlife habitat evaluation using high-altitude color infrared aerial photographs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-04T16:05:46.228542","indexId":"70113440","displayToPublicDate":"1978-10-10T16:41:11","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Quantitative wildlife habitat evaluation using high-altitude color infrared aerial photographs","docAbstract":"

The habitat value for elk and sage grouse of two proposed phosphate strip mine sites was determined using habitat parameter measurements from high-altitude color infrared aerial photographs. Habitat suitability was assessed using the Habitat Evaluation Procedures being developed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Similar results were obtained from two approaches--a remote-sensing-only approach and a mix of measurements from photo interpretation and conventional field surveys.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pecora IV: Proceedings of the symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Pecora IV: Application of Remote Sensing Data to Wildlife Management","conferenceDate":"October 10-12, 1978","conferenceLocation":"Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States","language":"English","publisher":"National Wildlife Federation","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Pettinger, L.R., Farmer, A., and Schamberger, M., 1978, Quantitative wildlife habitat evaluation using high-altitude color infrared aerial photographs, in Pecora IV: Proceedings of the symposium, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States, October 10-12, 1978, p. 335-345.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"335","endPage":"345","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288942,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae77f9e4b0abf75cf2c677","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pettinger, Lawrence R.","contributorId":18274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pettinger","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farmer, Adrian","contributorId":51211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farmer","given":"Adrian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schamberger, Mel","contributorId":98638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schamberger","given":"Mel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70113434,"text":"70113434 - 1978 - Trend analysis of vegetation in Louisiana's Atchafalaya river basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-19T16:38:56","indexId":"70113434","displayToPublicDate":"1978-10-10T16:31:15","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3019,"text":"Pecora IV Proceedings of the Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trend analysis of vegetation in Louisiana's Atchafalaya river basin","docAbstract":"

The purpose of the study was to determine vegetation succession trends; produce a current vegetation map of the basin; and to develop a mathematical model capable of predicting vegetation changes based on hydrologic factors. A statistical relationship of forests and hydrological variables with forest succession constraints predicted forest acreage totals for 16 forest categories within 70% or better of actual values in two-thirds of the cases. Using time-lapsed photography covering 42 years, 23 categories were described. The succession trend of vegetation since 1930, by sedimentation, had been toward mixed hardwoods, except for isolated areas. Satellite MSS Band 7 imagery was used to map the current vegetation into three main categories and for assessment of acreage. Additionally, a geological anomaly was recognized on satellite imagery indication an effect on drainage and sedimentation.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pecora IV Proceedings of the Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Wildlife Federation","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"O’Neil, C.P., deSteiguer, J.E., and North, G.W., 1978, Trend analysis of vegetation in Louisiana's Atchafalaya river basin: Pecora IV Proceedings of the Symposium, p. 114-136.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"114","endPage":"136","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288941,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Atchafalaya River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -91.8258,29.475 ], [ -91.8258,31.0271 ], [ -91.1728,31.0271 ], [ -91.1728,29.475 ], [ -91.8258,29.475 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae787ae4b0abf75cf2d6e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Neil, Calvin P.","contributorId":58943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neil","given":"Calvin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"deSteiguer, J. Edward","contributorId":40903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"deSteiguer","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Edward","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"North, Gary W.","contributorId":28587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"North","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70119872,"text":"70119872 - 1978 - Characterization of terrestrial vertebrate habitats using remotely sensed imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-11T10:43:00","indexId":"70119872","displayToPublicDate":"1978-10-10T10:41:39","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Characterization of terrestrial vertebrate habitats using remotely sensed imagery","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkTitle":"Pecora IV : application of remote sensing data to wildlife management : proceedings of the Symposium","conferenceTitle":"Pecora IV : application of remote sensing data to wildlife management","conferenceDate":"1978-10-10T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Sioux Falls, SD","language":"English","publisher":"National Wildlife Federation","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Asherin, D., Roelle, J.E., and Short, H., 1978, Characterization of terrestrial vertebrate habitats using remotely sensed imagery, 2 p.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291943,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53e9d8c7e4b008eaa4f3f619","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Asherin, D.A.","contributorId":21870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asherin","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roelle, J. E.","contributorId":91066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roelle","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Short, H.L.","contributorId":59147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Short","given":"H.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70113699,"text":"70113699 - 1978 - Sources of remotely sensed data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-20T09:21:57","indexId":"70113699","displayToPublicDate":"1978-10-10T09:17:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3020,"text":"Pecora IV: Application of Remote Sensing Data to Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sources of remotely sensed data","docAbstract":"

NCIC was established within the USGS to provide a single-point contact source for cartographic-related information, including remotely sensed data. A computerized indexing system, the Aerial Photography Summary Record System (APSRS), shows all holding for Federal agencies, with the long range goal of including data acquired on the state and local levels and (eventually) by private industry.

\n
\n

The system directs the used to a particular agency which holds coverage over a particular unit area, based on the 7 1/2 minute USGS quadrangle system. The data will remain in the hands of the source agency.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pecora IV: Application of Remote Sensing Data to Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Wildlife Federation","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Applications Branch, E.D., 1978, Sources of remotely sensed data: Pecora IV: Application of Remote Sensing Data to Wildlife Management, p. III-1-III-10.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"III-1","endPage":"III-10","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288948,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7830e4b0abf75cf2cd47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Applications Branch, EROS Data Center","contributorId":17917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Applications Branch","given":"EROS","email":"","middleInitial":"Data Center","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70113698,"text":"70113698 - 1978 - Approaches to remote sensing data analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-20T09:16:40","indexId":"70113698","displayToPublicDate":"1978-10-10T09:14:05","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3020,"text":"Pecora IV: Application of Remote Sensing Data to Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Approaches to remote sensing data analysis","docAbstract":"

Objectives: To present an overview of the essential steps in the remote sensing data analysis process, and to compare and contrast manual (visual) and automated analysis methods

\n
\n

Rationale: This overview is intended to provide a framework for choosing a manual of digital analysis approach to collecting resource information. It can also be used as a basis for understanding/evaluating invited papers and poster sessions during the Symposium

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pecora IV: Application of Remote Sensing Data to Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Wildlife Federation","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Pettinger, L.R., 1978, Approaches to remote sensing data analysis: Pecora IV: Application of Remote Sensing Data to Wildlife Management, p. 1-23-1-30.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1-23","endPage":"1-30","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288947,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae762de4b0abf75cf2bebd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pettinger, Lawrence R.","contributorId":18274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pettinger","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70113697,"text":"70113697 - 1978 - Remote sensing data products: types and characteristics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-20T08:59:53","indexId":"70113697","displayToPublicDate":"1978-10-10T08:55:30","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3020,"text":"Pecora IV: Application of Remote Sensing Data to Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Remote sensing data products: types and characteristics","docAbstract":"

Objectives: To identify and define remote sending data products available for analysis of wildlife management problems. To ascribe characteristics and formats as they relate to a choice of the data product to select for a particular analysis. To identify the various remote sensing data products discussed, displayed, and presented at the symposium.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pecora IV: Application of Remote Sensing Data to Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Wildlife Federation","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Carneggie, D.M., 1978, Remote sensing data products: types and characteristics: Pecora IV: Application of Remote Sensing Data to Wildlife Management, p. I-11-I-21.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"I-11","endPage":"I-21","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288946,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7812e4b0abf75cf2c8d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carneggie, David M.","contributorId":62758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carneggie","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70119899,"text":"70119899 - 1978 - Statistical inference from capture data on closed animal populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-11T13:30:33","indexId":"70119899","displayToPublicDate":"1978-10-01T12:59:07","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3773,"text":"Wildlife Monographs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Statistical inference from capture data on closed animal populations","docAbstract":"

The estimation of animal abundance is an important problem in both the theoretical and applied biological sciences. Serious work to develop estimation methods began during the 1950s, with a few attempts before that time. The literature on estimation methods has increased tremendously during the past 25 years (Cormack 1968, Seber 1973).

\n
\n

However, in large part, the problem remains unsolved. Past efforts toward comprehensive and systematic estimation of density (D) or population size (N) have been inadequate, in general. While more than 200 papers have been published on the subject, one is generally left without a unified approach to the estimation of abundance of an animal population

\n
\n

This situation is unfortunate because a number of pressing research problems require such information. In addition, a wide array of environmental assessment studies and biological inventory programs require the estimation of animal abundance. These needs have been further emphasized by the requirement for the preparation of Environmental Impact Statements imposed by the National Environmental Protection Act in 1970.

\n
\n

This publication treats inference procedures for certain types of capture data on closed animal populations. This includes multiple capture-recapture studies (variously called capture-mark-recapture, mark-recapture, or tag-recapture studies) involving livetrapping techniques and removal studies involving kill traps or at least temporary removal of captured individuals during the study. Animals do not necessarily need to be physically trapped; visual sightings of marked animals and electrofishing studies also produce data suitable for the methods described in this monograph.

\n
\n

To provide a frame of reference for what follows, we give an exampled of a capture-recapture experiment to estimate population size of small animals using live traps. The general field experiment is similar for all capture-recapture studies (a removal study is, of course, slightly different). A typical field experiment is the following: a number of traps are positioned in the area to be studied, say 144 traps in a 12 X 12 grid, 7 m apart. At the beginning of the study (j=1) a sample size of n1 is taken from the population, the animals are tagged and marked for future identification, and then returned to the population, usually at the same point where they were trapped. After allowing time of the marked and unmarked animals to mix, a second sample (j=2, often the following day) or n2 animals is then taken.the second sample normally contains both marked and unmarked animals. The unmarked animals are marked and all captured animals are released back into the population. This procedure continues for t periods where t ≥ 2. The animals should be marked in such a way that the capture-recapture history of each animal caught during the study is known. In practice, toes are often clipped to uniquely identify individual animals (Taber and Cowan 1969) or serially numbered tags are sometimes used on larger animals.

\n
\n

Such capture studies are classified by 2 schemes that are directly related to what class of models are appropriate and what parameters can be estimated. The first classification addresses the subject of closure. Closure usually means the size of the population is constant over the priod of investigation, i.e., no recruitment (birth or immigration) or losses (death or emigration). This is a strong assumption and, of course, never completely true in a natural biological population. For greater generality, we define closure to mean there are no unknown changes to the initial population. In practice, this means known losses (trap death), or deliberate removals) do not violate our definition of closure. If the study is properly designed, closure can be met at least approximately. Open or nonclosed populations explicitly allow for one or more types of recruitment or losses to operate during the course of the experiment (Jolly 1965, Seber 1965, Robson 1969, Pollock 1975). Only closed populations will be considered in this monograph.

\n
\n

The second classification depends on the type of data collected with 2 possibilities occurring (Pollock 1974, unpublished doctoral dissertation, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York):

\n
\n

(1) only information on the recovery of marked animals is available for each sampling occasion, j, j=1, 2, ... t.

\n
\n

(2) information on both marked and unmarked animals is available for each sampling occasion, j, j=1, 2, ... t.

\n
\n

In case (1), population size (N) is not identifiable, however, other parameters can be estimated (Brownie et al. 1978). In case (2), N can be estimated using a wide variety of approaches depending upon what we wish to assume. Only case (2) will be dealt with here.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Monographs","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Otis, D.L., Burnham, K.P., White, G.C., and Anderson, D.R., 1978, Statistical inference from capture data on closed animal populations: Wildlife Monographs, no. 62, p. 3-135.","productDescription":"133 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"135","numberOfPages":"133","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291962,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"62","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53e9d8d4e4b008eaa4f3f695","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Otis, David L.","contributorId":78455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otis","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":350,"text":"Iowa Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":497851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burnham, Kenneth P.","contributorId":95025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burnham","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":189,"text":"Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":497853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"White, Gary C.","contributorId":66831,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":497850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anderson, David R.","contributorId":92722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5221072,"text":"5221072 - 1978 - Metabolic indicators of habitat differences in four Minnesota deer populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-14T18:59:22.270373","indexId":"5221072","displayToPublicDate":"1978-10-01T12:19:35","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Metabolic indicators of habitat differences in four Minnesota deer populations","docAbstract":"

Blood samples were collected from 40 white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from 4 winter yards in northeastern Minnesota from 17 March 1974 through 23 April 1975. The results of 26 blood assays were examined for the effects of age, sex, capture date, capture method, disease and location. Age-related effects were found for serum chloride, calcium, gamma globulin, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), and alkaline phosphatase. The only sex difference was lower CPK in males. Date of collection effects were found for erythrocyte count, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), serum glucose, and nonesterified fatty acids (NEF A). Capture method affected serum glucose, acid base balance, and serum enzymes. Effects related primarily to capture location or habitat differences were found for erythrocyte count, MCV, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), serum urea, cholesterol, LDH, thyroxine, and NEF A. Animals whose assays indicated the poorest nutritional status inhabited wintering areas with the oldest vegetation. Habitat differences can be detected by measuring the physiological status of the local animal populations.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3800765","usgsCitation":"Seal, U., Nelson, M., Mech, L., and Hoskinson, R., 1978, Metabolic indicators of habitat differences in four Minnesota deer populations: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 42, no. 4, p. 746-754, https://doi.org/10.2307/3800765.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"746","endPage":"754","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196902,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-92.204691,46.704041],[-92.205192,46.698341],[-92.183091,46.695241],[-92.176091,46.686341],[-92.204092,46.666941],[-92.201592,46.656641],[-92.207092,46.651941],[-92.242493,46.649241],[-92.256592,46.658741],[-92.270592,46.650741],[-92.274392,46.657441],[-92.286192,46.660342],[-92.287392,46.667342],[-92.291292,46.668142],[-92.292192,46.663308],[-92.294033,46.074377],[-92.332912,46.062697],[-92.35176,46.015685],[-92.372717,46.014198],[-92.410649,46.027259],[-92.428555,46.024241],[-92.442259,46.016177],[-92.453373,45.992913],[-92.464512,45.985038],[-92.461138,45.980216],[-92.469354,45.973811],[-92.527052,45.983245],[-92.548459,45.969056],[-92.551186,45.95224],[-92.60246,45.940815],[-92.614314,45.934529],[-92.638824,45.934166],[-92.638474,45.925971],[-92.659549,45.922937],[-92.676167,45.912072],[-92.675737,45.907478],[-92.707702,45.894901],[-92.734039,45.868108],[-92.739278,45.84758],[-92.765146,45.830183],[-92.757815,45.806574],[-92.776496,45.790014],[-92.784621,45.764196],[-92.809837,45.744172],[-92.869193,45.717568],[-92.870025,45.697272],[-92.875488,45.689014],[-92.887929,45.639006],[-92.882529,45.610216],[-92.886442,45.598679],[-92.883749,45.575483],[-92.871082,45.567581],[-92.823309,45.560934],[-92.770223,45.566939],[-92.726082,45.541112],[-92.726677,45.514462],[-92.702224,45.493046],[-92.680234,45.464344],[-92.653549,45.455346],[-92.646602,45.441635],[-92.650422,45.398507],[-92.664102,45.393309],[-92.676961,45.380137],[-92.678223,45.373604],[-92.70272,45.358472],[-92.698967,45.336374],[-92.709968,45.321302],[-92.737122,45.300459],[-92.761013,45.289028],[-92.760615,45.278827],[-92.751659,45.26591],[-92.760249,45.2496],[-92.751708,45.218666],[-92.763908,45.204866],[-92.767408,45.190166],[-92.764872,45.182812],[-92.752404,45.173916],[-92.757707,45.155466],[-92.739584,45.115598],[-92.744938,45.108309],[-92.791528,45.079647],[-92.803079,45.060978],[-92.793282,45.047178],[-92.770362,45.033803],[-92.76206,45.02432],[-92.771231,45.001378],[-92.769445,44.97215],[-92.754603,44.955767],[-92.750645,44.937299],[-92.758701,44.908979],[-92.774571,44.898084],[-92.773946,44.889997],[-92.764133,44.875905],[-92.769102,44.862167],[-92.765278,44.837186],[-92.78043,44.812589],[-92.785206,44.792303],[-92.805287,44.768361],[-92.807988,44.75147],[-92.787906,44.737432],[-92.737259,44.717155],[-92.700948,44.693751],[-92.660988,44.660884],[-92.632105,44.649027],[-92.619779,44.634195],[-92.621456,44.615017],[-92.601516,44.612052],[-92.586216,44.600088],[-92.569434,44.603539],[-92.549777,44.58113],[-92.549957,44.568988],[-92.540551,44.567258],[-92.518358,44.575183],[-92.493808,44.566063],[-92.481001,44.568276],[-92.455105,44.561886],[-92.433256,44.5655],[-92.399281,44.558292],[-92.361518,44.558935],[-92.336114,44.554004],[-92.314071,44.538014],[-92.302466,44.516487],[-92.302215,44.500298],[-92.291005,44.485464],[-92.232472,44.445434],[-92.195378,44.433792],[-92.124513,44.422115],[-92.111085,44.413948],[-92.078605,44.404869],[-92.056486,44.402729],[-92.038147,44.388731],[-91.970266,44.365842],[-91.941311,44.340978],[-91.92559,44.333548],[-91.918625,44.322671],[-91.913534,44.311392],[-91.924613,44.291815],[-91.896388,44.27469],[-91.896008,44.262871],[-91.88704,44.251772],[-91.892698,44.231105],[-91.877429,44.212921],[-91.872369,44.199167],[-91.829167,44.17835],[-91.808064,44.159262],[-91.751747,44.134786],[-91.721552,44.130342],[-91.710597,44.12048],[-91.708207,44.105186],[-91.69531,44.09857],[-91.68153,44.0974],[-91.667006,44.086964],[-91.647873,44.064109],[-91.638115,44.063285],[-91.610487,44.04931],[-91.59207,44.031372],[-91.507121,44.01898],[-91.48087,44.008145],[-91.463515,44.009041],[-91.432522,43.996827],[-91.407395,43.965148],[-91.385785,43.954239],[-91.366642,43.937463],[-91.357426,43.917231],[-91.347741,43.911964],[-91.338141,43.897664],[-91.320605,43.888491],[-91.310991,43.867381],[-91.284138,43.847065],[-91.262436,43.792166],[-91.244135,43.774667],[-91.255431,43.744876],[-91.255932,43.729849],[-91.268455,43.709824],[-91.273252,43.666623],[-91.271749,43.654929],[-91.262397,43.64176],[-91.268748,43.615348],[-91.232707,43.583533],[-91.232812,43.564842],[-91.243214,43.550722],[-91.243183,43.540309],[-91.232941,43.523967],[-91.218292,43.514434],[-91.217706,43.50055],[-96.453049,43.500415],[-96.453067,45.298115],[-96.489065,45.357071],[-96.521787,45.375645],[-96.562142,45.38609],[-96.617726,45.408092],[-96.680454,45.410499],[-96.692541,45.417338],[-96.731396,45.45702],[-96.76528,45.521414],[-96.857751,45.605962],[-96.844211,45.639583],[-96.835769,45.649648],[-96.760866,45.687518],[-96.745086,45.701576],[-96.662595,45.738682],[-96.641941,45.759871],[-96.627778,45.786239],[-96.583085,45.820024],[-96.574517,45.843098],[-96.561334,45.945655],[-96.57035,45.963595],[-96.57794,46.026874],[-96.559271,46.058272],[-96.554507,46.083978],[-96.557952,46.102442],[-96.56692,46.11475],[-96.563043,46.119512],[-96.571439,46.12572],[-96.56926,46.133686],[-96.579453,46.147601],[-96.577952,46.165843],[-96.587408,46.178164],[-96.584372,46.204155],[-96.59755,46.227733],[-96.598645,46.241626],[-96.590942,46.250183],[-96.59887,46.26069],[-96.595014,46.275135],[-96.60136,46.30413],[-96.599761,46.330386],[-96.619991,46.340135],[-96.618147,46.344295],[-96.629211,46.352654],[-96.644335,46.351908],[-96.646341,46.360982],[-96.655206,46.365964],[-96.658436,46.373391],[-96.666028,46.374566],[-96.669132,46.390037],[-96.680687,46.407383],[-96.688082,46.40788],[-96.701358,46.420584],[-96.703078,46.429467],[-96.718074,46.438255],[-96.715557,46.463232],[-96.73627,46.48138],[-96.737798,46.489785],[-96.733612,46.497224],[-96.737702,46.50077],[-96.738475,46.525793],[-96.744341,46.533006],[-96.743003,46.54294],[-96.74883,46.558127],[-96.744436,46.56596],[-96.746442,46.574078],[-96.772446,46.600129],[-96.774094,46.613288],[-96.78995,46.631531],[-96.790663,46.649112],[-96.798823,46.658071],[-96.792958,46.677427],[-96.784339,46.685054],[-96.790906,46.70297],[-96.779252,46.727429],[-96.784279,46.732993],[-96.781216,46.740944],[-96.787466,46.756753],[-96.784314,46.766973],[-96.796195,46.789881],[-96.795756,46.807795],[-96.801446,46.810401],[-96.80016,46.819664],[-96.787657,46.827817],[-96.789663,46.832306],[-96.779347,46.843672],[-96.781358,46.879363],[-96.768458,46.879563],[-96.767358,46.883663],[-96.773558,46.884763],[-96.776558,46.895663],[-96.759241,46.918223],[-96.761757,46.934663],[-96.78312,46.925482],[-96.79038,46.929398],[-96.791558,46.944464],[-96.797734,46.9464],[-96.798737,46.962399],[-96.821852,46.969372],[-96.82318,46.999965],[-96.834221,47.006671],[-96.829499,47.021537],[-96.818557,47.02778],[-96.821422,47.032842],[-96.819321,47.0529],[-96.824479,47.059682],[-96.818175,47.104193],[-96.827344,47.120144],[-96.824807,47.124968],[-96.831547,47.142017],[-96.822377,47.162744],[-96.829637,47.17497],[-96.826962,47.182802],[-96.838806,47.197894],[-96.832789,47.203911],[-96.838806,47.22502],[-96.832946,47.237588],[-96.83766,47.240876],[-96.835368,47.250428],[-96.841672,47.258164],[-96.838997,47.267716],[-96.842531,47.269531],[-96.844088,47.289981],[-96.832884,47.30449],[-96.841958,47.316907],[-96.835845,47.321014],[-96.835845,47.335914],[-96.852417,47.366241],[-96.848907,47.370565],[-96.852676,47.374973],[-96.846925,47.376891],[-96.840621,47.389881],[-96.845492,47.394179],[-96.844919,47.399815],[-96.863593,47.418775],[-96.85748,47.440457],[-96.859868,47.470926],[-96.85471,47.478281],[-96.85853,47.489934],[-96.851653,47.497098],[-96.851367,47.509037],[-96.866363,47.524893],[-96.85471,47.535973],[-96.859153,47.566355],[-96.853689,47.570381],[-96.856373,47.575749],[-96.851293,47.589264],[-96.856903,47.602329],[-96.855421,47.60875],[-96.873671,47.613654],[-96.871005,47.616832],[-96.879496,47.620576],[-96.882393,47.633489],[-96.888573,47.63845],[-96.882376,47.649025],[-96.88697,47.653049],[-96.887126,47.666369],[-96.895271,47.67357],[-96.899352,47.689473],[-96.908928,47.688722],[-96.907266,47.693976],[-96.920119,47.710383],[-96.923544,47.718201],[-96.919471,47.722515],[-96.932809,47.737139],[-96.928505,47.748037],[-96.934173,47.752412],[-96.939179,47.768397],[-96.9644,47.782995],[-96.957283,47.790147],[-96.966068,47.797297],[-96.975131,47.798326],[-96.980579,47.805614],[-96.979327,47.824533],[-96.986685,47.837639],[-96.998295,47.841724],[-96.998144,47.858882],[-97.005557,47.863977],[-97.002456,47.868677],[-97.023156,47.874978],[-97.019355,47.880278],[-97.024955,47.886878],[-97.019155,47.889778],[-97.024955,47.894978],[-97.020155,47.900478],[-97.024955,47.908178],[-97.017254,47.905678],[-97.015354,47.910278],[-97.023754,47.915878],[-97.018054,47.918078],[-97.035754,47.930179],[-97.036054,47.939379],[-97.054554,47.946279],[-97.052454,47.957179],[-97.061454,47.96358],[-97.053553,47.991612],[-97.064289,47.998508],[-97.066762,48.009558],[-97.063012,48.013179],[-97.072239,48.019107],[-97.068987,48.026267],[-97.072257,48.048068],[-97.097772,48.07108],[-97.103052,48.071669],[-97.099431,48.082106],[-97.105226,48.09044],[-97.104872,48.097851],[-97.109535,48.104723],[-97.123205,48.106648],[-97.120702,48.114987],[-97.131956,48.139563],[-97.141401,48.14359],[-97.138911,48.157793],[-97.146745,48.168556],[-97.141474,48.179099],[-97.146233,48.186054],[-97.134372,48.210434],[-97.136304,48.228984],[-97.141254,48.234668],[-97.135763,48.237596],[-97.138765,48.244991],[-97.127276,48.253323],[-97.131846,48.267589],[-97.11657,48.279661],[-97.12216,48.290056],[-97.128862,48.292882],[-97.122072,48.300865],[-97.132443,48.315489],[-97.127601,48.323319],[-97.134854,48.331314],[-97.131145,48.339722],[-97.147748,48.359905],[-97.140106,48.380479],[-97.145592,48.394195],[-97.135012,48.406735],[-97.142849,48.419471],[-97.1356,48.424369],[-97.139173,48.430528],[-97.134229,48.439797],[-97.137689,48.447583],[-97.132746,48.459942],[-97.144116,48.469212],[-97.141397,48.476256],[-97.144981,48.481571],[-97.140291,48.484722],[-97.138864,48.494362],[-97.148133,48.503384],[-97.153076,48.524148],[-97.150481,48.536877],[-97.163105,48.543855],[-97.160863,48.549236],[-97.152459,48.552326],[-97.158638,48.564067],[-97.149616,48.569876],[-97.14974,48.579516],[-97.142915,48.583733],[-97.143684,48.597066],[-97.137504,48.612268],[-97.132931,48.61338],[-97.130089,48.621166],[-97.125639,48.620919],[-97.125269,48.629694],[-97.108466,48.632658],[-97.111921,48.642918],[-97.100551,48.658614],[-97.102652,48.664793],[-97.097708,48.68395],[-97.118286,48.700573],[-97.116185,48.709348],[-97.136083,48.727763],[-97.139488,48.746611],[-97.151289,48.757428],[-97.147478,48.763698],[-97.154854,48.774515],[-97.157093,48.790024],[-97.163535,48.79507],[-97.165624,48.809627],[-97.180028,48.81845],[-97.177747,48.824815],[-97.181116,48.832741],[-97.173811,48.838309],[-97.175618,48.853105],[-97.187362,48.867598],[-97.185738,48.87222],[-97.197982,48.880341],[-97.197982,48.898332],[-97.210541,48.90439],[-97.211161,48.916649],[-97.217992,48.919735],[-97.218666,48.931781],[-97.224505,48.9341],[-97.232147,48.948955],[-97.230859,48.960891],[-97.239209,48.968684],[-97.237297,48.985696],[-97.230833,48.991303],[-97.229039,49.000687],[-95.153711,48.998903],[-95.15335,49.383079],[-95.126467,49.369439],[-95.058404,49.35317],[-95.014415,49.356405],[-94.988908,49.368897],[-94.957465,49.370186],[-94.854245,49.324154],[-94.816222,49.320987],[-94.824291,49.308834],[-94.82516,49.294283],[-94.797244,49.214284],[-94.797527,49.197791],[-94.773223,49.120733],[-94.750221,49.099763],[-94.750218,48.999992],[-94.718932,48.999991],[-94.683069,48.883929],[-94.684217,48.872399],[-94.692527,48.86895],[-94.693044,48.853392],[-94.685681,48.840119],[-94.701968,48.831778],[-94.704284,48.824284],[-94.694974,48.809206],[-94.694312,48.789352],[-94.690889,48.778066],[-94.651765,48.755913],[-94.645164,48.749975],[-94.645083,48.744143],[-94.61901,48.737374],[-94.58715,48.717599],[-94.549069,48.714653],[-94.533057,48.701262],[-94.452332,48.692444],[-94.438701,48.694889],[-94.416191,48.710948],[-94.384221,48.711806],[-94.342758,48.703382],[-94.308446,48.710239],[-94.290737,48.707747],[-94.260541,48.696381],[-94.251169,48.683514],[-94.254643,48.663888],[-94.250497,48.656654],[-94.224276,48.649527],[-94.091244,48.643669],[-94.065775,48.646104],[-94.035616,48.641018],[-94.006933,48.643193],[-93.944221,48.632294],[-93.91153,48.634673],[-93.840754,48.628548],[-93.824144,48.610724],[-93.806763,48.577616],[-93.811201,48.542385],[-93.818253,48.530046],[-93.794454,48.516021],[-93.656652,48.515731],[-93.643091,48.518294],[-93.628865,48.53121],[-93.612844,48.521876],[-93.60587,48.522472],[-93.594379,48.528793],[-93.547191,48.528684],[-93.467504,48.545664],[-93.460798,48.550552],[-93.456675,48.561834],[-93.465199,48.590659],[-93.438494,48.59338],[-93.405269,48.609344],[-93.395022,48.603303],[-93.371156,48.605085],[-93.362132,48.613832],[-93.35324,48.613378],[-93.349095,48.624935],[-93.254854,48.642784],[-93.207398,48.642474],[-93.178095,48.623339],[-93.088438,48.627597],[-92.984963,48.623731],[-92.954876,48.631493],[-92.95012,48.630419],[-92.949839,48.608269],[-92.929614,48.606874],[-92.909947,48.596313],[-92.894687,48.594915],[-92.728046,48.53929],[-92.657881,48.546263],[-92.634931,48.542873],[-92.625739,48.518189],[-92.631117,48.508252],[-92.627237,48.503383],[-92.636696,48.499428],[-92.654039,48.501635],[-92.661418,48.496557],[-92.698824,48.494892],[-92.712562,48.463013],[-92.687998,48.443889],[-92.656027,48.436709],[-92.507285,48.447875],[-92.475585,48.418793],[-92.456325,48.414204],[-92.456389,48.401134],[-92.47675,48.37176],[-92.469948,48.351836],[-92.437825,48.309839],[-92.416285,48.295463],[-92.369174,48.220268],[-92.336831,48.235383],[-92.269742,48.248241],[-92.273706,48.256747],[-92.294541,48.27156],[-92.292999,48.276404],[-92.301451,48.288608],[-92.294527,48.306454],[-92.306309,48.316442],[-92.304561,48.322977],[-92.295412,48.323957],[-92.288994,48.342991],[-92.26228,48.354933],[-92.222813,48.349203],[-92.216983,48.345114],[-92.206803,48.345596],[-92.203684,48.352063],[-92.178418,48.351881],[-92.177354,48.357228],[-92.145049,48.365651],[-92.143583,48.356121],[-92.083513,48.353865],[-92.077961,48.358253],[-92.055228,48.359213],[-92.045734,48.347901],[-92.046562,48.33474],[-92.037721,48.333183],[-92.030872,48.325824],[-92.000133,48.321355],[-92.01298,48.297391],[-92.006577,48.265421],[-91.989545,48.260214],[-91.976903,48.244626],[-91.971056,48.247667],[-91.971779,48.252977],[-91.954432,48.251678],[-91.952209,48.244394],[-91.957683,48.242683],[-91.957798,48.232989],[-91.941838,48.230602],[-91.915772,48.238871],[-91.89347,48.237699],[-91.884691,48.227321],[-91.867882,48.219095],[-91.864382,48.207031],[-91.815772,48.211748],[-91.809038,48.206013],[-91.79181,48.202492],[-91.789011,48.196549],[-91.756637,48.205022],[-91.749075,48.198844],[-91.741932,48.199122],[-91.742313,48.204491],[-91.714931,48.19913],[-91.711611,48.1891],[-91.721413,48.180255],[-91.724584,48.170657],[-91.705318,48.170775],[-91.70726,48.153661],[-91.698174,48.141643],[-91.699981,48.13184],[-91.712226,48.116883],[-91.703524,48.113548],[-91.682845,48.122118],[-91.687623,48.111698],[-91.676876,48.107264],[-91.665208,48.107011],[-91.653261,48.114137],[-91.653571,48.109567],[-91.640175,48.096926],[-91.559272,48.108268],[-91.552962,48.103012],[-91.569746,48.093348],[-91.575471,48.066294],[-91.575672,48.048791],[-91.567254,48.043719],[-91.488646,48.068065],[-91.45033,48.068806],[-91.437582,48.049248],[-91.429642,48.048608],[-91.391128,48.057075],[-91.370872,48.06941],[-91.365143,48.066968],[-91.340159,48.073236],[-91.332589,48.069331],[-91.26638,48.078713],[-91.214428,48.10294],[-91.190461,48.124891],[-91.183207,48.122235],[-91.176181,48.125811],[-91.137733,48.14915],[-91.139402,48.154738],[-91.092258,48.173101],[-91.082731,48.180756],[-91.024208,48.190072],[-90.976955,48.219452],[-90.914971,48.230603],[-90.88548,48.245784],[-90.875107,48.237784],[-90.847352,48.244443],[-90.839176,48.239511],[-90.836313,48.176963],[-90.832589,48.173765],[-90.821115,48.184709],[-90.817698,48.179569],[-90.804207,48.177833],[-90.796596,48.159373],[-90.777917,48.163801],[-90.778031,48.148723],[-90.79797,48.136894],[-90.787305,48.134196],[-90.789919,48.129902],[-90.76911,48.116585],[-90.761555,48.100133],[-90.751608,48.090968],[-90.641596,48.103515],[-90.626886,48.111846],[-90.59146,48.117546],[-90.582217,48.123784],[-90.55929,48.121683],[-90.555845,48.117069],[-90.569763,48.106951],[-90.567482,48.101178],[-90.556838,48.096008],[-90.487077,48.099082],[-90.467712,48.108818],[-90.438449,48.098747],[-90.403219,48.105114],[-90.374542,48.090942],[-90.367658,48.094577],[-90.344234,48.094447],[-90.330052,48.102399],[-90.312386,48.1053],[-90.289337,48.098993],[-90.224692,48.108148],[-90.188679,48.107947],[-90.176605,48.112445],[-90.136191,48.112136],[-90.116259,48.104303],[-90.073873,48.101138],[-90.023595,48.084708],[-90.015057,48.067188],[-90.008446,48.068396],[-89.997852,48.057567],[-89.99305,48.028404],[-89.97718,48.023501],[-89.968255,48.014482],[-89.954605,48.011516],[-89.95059,48.015901],[-89.934489,48.015628],[-89.915341,47.994866],[-89.897414,47.987599],[-89.873286,47.985419],[-89.868153,47.989898],[-89.847571,47.992442],[-89.842568,48.001368],[-89.830385,48.000284],[-89.820483,48.014665],[-89.797744,48.014505],[-89.763967,48.022969],[-89.724048,48.018996],[-89.721038,48.017965],[-89.724044,48.013675],[-89.716114,48.016441],[-89.716417,48.010251],[-89.702528,48.006325],[-89.673798,48.01151],[-89.667128,48.007421],[-89.657051,48.009954],[-89.649057,48.003853],[-89.617867,48.010947],[-89.611678,48.017529],[-89.607821,48.006566],[-89.594749,48.004332],[-89.582117,47.996314],[-89.564288,48.00293],[-89.489226,48.014528],[-89.495344,48.002356],[-89.541521,47.992841],[-89.551555,47.987305],[-89.555015,47.974849],[-89.572315,47.967238],[-89.58823,47.9662],[-89.611412,47.980731],[-89.624559,47.983153],[-89.631825,47.980039],[-89.640129,47.96793],[-89.638285,47.954275],[-89.697619,47.941288],[-89.793539,47.891358],[-89.85396,47.873997],[-89.87158,47.874194],[-89.923649,47.862062],[-89.930844,47.857723],[-89.92752,47.850825],[-89.933899,47.84676],[-89.974296,47.830514],[-90.072025,47.811105],[-90.075559,47.803303],[-90.1168,47.79538],[-90.16079,47.792807],[-90.178755,47.786414],[-90.187636,47.77813],[-90.248794,47.772763],[-90.323446,47.753771],[-90.332686,47.746387],[-90.437712,47.731612],[-90.441912,47.726404],[-90.458365,47.7214],[-90.537105,47.703055],[-90.551291,47.690266],[-90.735927,47.624343],[-90.86827,47.5569],[-90.907494,47.532873],[-90.914247,47.522639],[-90.939072,47.514532],[-91.032945,47.458236],[-91.045646,47.456525],[-91.097569,47.413888],[-91.128131,47.399619],[-91.146958,47.381464],[-91.156513,47.378816],[-91.188772,47.340082],[-91.238658,47.304976],[-91.262512,47.27929],[-91.288478,47.26596],[-91.326019,47.238993],[-91.357803,47.206743],[-91.418805,47.172152],[-91.477351,47.125667],[-91.497902,47.122579],[-91.518793,47.108121],[-91.573817,47.089917],[-91.591508,47.068684],[-91.626824,47.049953],[-91.644564,47.026491],[-91.666477,47.014297],[-91.704649,47.005246],[-91.780675,46.945881],[-91.806851,46.933727],[-91.841349,46.925215],[-91.883238,46.905728],[-91.914984,46.883836],[-91.952985,46.867037],[-92.094089,46.787839],[-92.088289,46.773639],[-92.06449,46.745439],[-92.025789,46.710839],[-92.01529,46.706469],[-92.020289,46.704039],[-92.03399,46.708939],[-92.08949,46.74924],[-92.10819,46.74914],[-92.13789,46.73954],[-92.14329,46.73464],[-92.141291,46.72524],[-92.146291,46.71594],[-92.167291,46.719941],[-92.189091,46.717541],[-92.204691,46.704041]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Minnesota\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"42","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db6250e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seal, U.S.","contributorId":40564,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seal","given":"U.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, M.E.","contributorId":102021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mech, L.D. 0000-0003-3944-7769","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":75466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mech","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hoskinson, R.L.","contributorId":77618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoskinson","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5220856,"text":"5220856 - 1978 - Reappraising factors affecting mourning dove perch coos","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-14T18:54:28.607655","indexId":"5220856","displayToPublicDate":"1978-10-01T12:19:35","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reappraising factors affecting mourning dove perch coos","docAbstract":"

Results confirmed pairing as the primary factor influencing perch-cooing rates of wild mourning doves (Zenaida macroura). Marked unmated males cooed at substantially higher rates (6.2x) than mated males, had greater probability of cooing (2.3x) during 3-minute periods, and continued cooing longer each morning than mated males. Population density was not a major factor affecting cooing. Unmated males cooed more frequently in the presence of other cooing doves (P < 0.05) than when alone, but the number of additional doves above 1 was unimportant. Cooing rates of both mated and unmated males on areas with dissimilar dove densities were not significantly different. Within limits of standard call-count procedure, weather exerted no detectable influence on cooing.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3800778","usgsCitation":"Sayre, M.W., Atkinson, R., Baskett, T., and Haas, G., 1978, Reappraising factors affecting mourning dove perch coos: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 42, no. 4, p. 884-889, https://doi.org/10.2307/3800778.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"884","endPage":"889","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197236,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","city":"McBee","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-79.290754,33.110051],[-79.329909,33.089986],[-79.337169,33.072302],[-79.335346,33.065362],[-79.339313,33.050336],[-79.359961,33.006672],[-79.403712,33.003903],[-79.416515,33.006815],[-79.423447,33.015085],[-79.483499,33.001265],[-79.488727,33.015832],[-79.506923,33.032813],[-79.522449,33.03535],[-79.55756,33.021269],[-79.580725,33.006447],[-79.58659,32.991334],[-79.606615,32.972248],[-79.617611,32.952726],[-79.617715,32.94487],[-79.606194,32.925953],[-79.585897,32.926461],[-79.581687,32.931341],[-79.572614,32.933885],[-79.569762,32.926692],[-79.576006,32.906235],[-79.631149,32.888606],[-79.695141,32.850398],[-79.702956,32.835781],[-79.719879,32.825796],[-79.716761,32.813627],[-79.726389,32.805996],[-79.811021,32.77696],[-79.818237,32.766352],[-79.84035,32.756816],[-79.848527,32.755248],[-79.866742,32.757422],[-79.872232,32.752128],[-79.873605,32.745657],[-79.868352,32.734849],[-79.870336,32.727777],[-79.888028,32.695177],[-79.884961,32.684402],[-79.915682,32.664915],[-79.968468,32.639732],[-79.975248,32.639537],[-79.986917,32.626388],[-79.99175,32.616389],[-79.999374,32.611851],[-80.010505,32.608852],[-80.037276,32.610236],[-80.077039,32.603319],[-80.121368,32.590523],[-80.148406,32.578479],[-80.167286,32.559885],[-80.171764,32.546118],[-80.188401,32.553604],[-80.20523,32.555547],[-80.246361,32.531114],[-80.277681,32.516161],[-80.332438,32.478104],[-80.338354,32.47873],[-80.343883,32.490795],[-80.363956,32.496098],[-80.380716,32.486359],[-80.386827,32.47881],[-80.392561,32.475332],[-80.413487,32.470672],[-80.417896,32.476076],[-80.418502,32.490894],[-80.423454,32.497989],[-80.439407,32.503472],[-80.452078,32.497286],[-80.46571,32.4953],[-80.472068,32.496964],[-80.48025,32.477407],[-80.484617,32.460976],[-80.480156,32.447048],[-80.467588,32.425259],[-80.446075,32.423721],[-80.43296,32.410659],[-80.429941,32.401782],[-80.429291,32.389667],[-80.434303,32.375193],[-80.445451,32.350335],[-80.456814,32.336884],[-80.455192,32.326458],[-80.466342,32.31917],[-80.517871,32.298796],[-80.545688,32.282076],[-80.571096,32.273278],[-80.596394,32.273549],[-80.618286,32.260183],[-80.638857,32.255618],[-80.658634,32.248638],[-80.669166,32.216783],[-80.688857,32.200971],[-80.721463,32.160427],[-80.749091,32.140137],[-80.789996,32.122494],[-80.812503,32.109746],[-80.82153,32.108589],[-80.828394,32.113222],[-80.831531,32.112709],[-80.844431,32.109709],[-80.858735,32.099581],[-80.905378,32.051943],[-80.892344,32.043764],[-80.885517,32.0346],[-80.922794,32.039151],[-80.954482,32.068622],[-80.983133,32.079609],[-80.994333,32.094608],[-81.002297,32.100048],[-81.011961,32.100176],[-81.021622,32.090897],[-81.032674,32.08545],[-81.050234,32.085308],[-81.060442,32.087503],[-81.088234,32.10395],[-81.091498,32.110782],[-81.111134,32.112005],[-81.117234,32.117605],[-81.119994,32.134268],[-81.118334,32.144403],[-81.122034,32.161803],[-81.129634,32.165602],[-81.128134,32.169102],[-81.119434,32.175402],[-81.120434,32.178702],[-81.118234,32.189201],[-81.12315,32.201329],[-81.128283,32.208634],[-81.136012,32.212858],[-81.143139,32.221731],[-81.156587,32.24391],[-81.148334,32.255098],[-81.145834,32.263397],[-81.136534,32.272697],[-81.128034,32.276297],[-81.119633,32.287596],[-81.122333,32.305395],[-81.137633,32.328194],[-81.133032,32.334794],[-81.133632,32.341293],[-81.142532,32.350893],[-81.147632,32.349393],[-81.150589,32.34587],[-81.154,32.345924],[-81.155032,32.350093],[-81.170126,32.361318],[-81.169332,32.369436],[-81.181072,32.380398],[-81.178131,32.38459],[-81.177231,32.39169],[-81.20513,32.423788],[-81.20843,32.435987],[-81.201595,32.44136],[-81.202359,32.450448],[-81.192629,32.456286],[-81.186829,32.464086],[-81.194829,32.465086],[-81.200029,32.467985],[-81.233585,32.498488],[-81.238728,32.508896],[-81.234834,32.512271],[-81.23466,32.51627],[-81.252882,32.51833],[-81.277131,32.535417],[-81.274927,32.544158],[-81.281298,32.55644],[-81.297955,32.563026],[-81.320588,32.559534],[-81.328753,32.561228],[-81.366964,32.577059],[-81.369757,32.591231],[-81.373178,32.592115],[-81.379216,32.589022],[-81.389261,32.595383],[-81.393865,32.60234],[-81.411906,32.61841],[-81.41866,32.629392],[-81.418431,32.634704],[-81.414761,32.63744],[-81.41026,32.631392],[-81.407271,32.631737],[-81.402846,32.63621],[-81.405109,32.64269],[-81.393033,32.651543],[-81.398314,32.656307],[-81.405273,32.656517],[-81.407193,32.660519],[-81.401029,32.677494],[-81.40831,32.694908],[-81.4131,32.692648],[-81.427517,32.701896],[-81.421194,32.711978],[-81.418542,32.732586],[-81.411549,32.740145],[-81.410281,32.744653],[-81.416198,32.750428],[-81.415212,32.757753],[-81.417606,32.762684],[-81.426481,32.769023],[-81.425636,32.77184],[-81.421269,32.774658],[-81.421128,32.778039],[-81.428313,32.78311],[-81.429017,32.785505],[-81.424999,32.790334],[-81.423772,32.810514],[-81.419752,32.813731],[-81.417984,32.818196],[-81.421614,32.835178],[-81.426475,32.840773],[-81.444866,32.850967],[-81.451199,32.847925],[-81.453949,32.849761],[-81.455978,32.854107],[-81.451351,32.868583],[-81.45392,32.874074],[-81.475918,32.877641],[-81.479445,32.881082],[-81.4771,32.887469],[-81.464069,32.897814],[-81.479184,32.905638],[-81.483198,32.921802],[-81.502427,32.935353],[-81.502716,32.938688],[-81.499446,32.944988],[-81.507045,32.951194],[-81.508536,32.957156],[-81.506449,32.962423],[-81.49983,32.963816],[-81.494736,32.978998],[-81.491197,32.997824],[-81.492253,33.009342],[-81.50203,33.015113],[-81.511245,33.027786],[-81.519632,33.029181],[-81.538789,33.039185],[-81.544258,33.046905],[-81.553643,33.044137],[-81.557013,33.0451],[-81.559179,33.047386],[-81.560502,33.055207],[-81.57288,33.05418],[-81.588539,33.07085],[-81.594555,33.069887],[-81.599248,33.071813],[-81.600211,33.075182],[-81.598165,33.081078],[-81.601655,33.084688],[-81.608995,33.0818],[-81.609476,33.089862],[-81.612725,33.093953],[-81.617779,33.095277],[-81.637232,33.092952],[-81.646433,33.094552],[-81.658433,33.103152],[-81.683533,33.112651],[-81.696934,33.116551],[-81.704634,33.116451],[-81.743835,33.14145],[-81.763135,33.159449],[-81.766735,33.170749],[-81.772435,33.180449],[-81.765735,33.187948],[-81.760635,33.189248],[-81.756935,33.197848],[-81.763535,33.203648],[-81.768935,33.217447],[-81.774035,33.221147],[-81.780135,33.221147],[-81.777535,33.211347],[-81.784535,33.208147],[-81.805236,33.211447],[-81.807936,33.213747],[-81.809636,33.222647],[-81.827936,33.228746],[-81.837016,33.237652],[-81.846536,33.241746],[-81.851979,33.247382],[-81.853137,33.250745],[-81.847336,33.266345],[-81.840078,33.26704],[-81.838257,33.272975],[-81.844036,33.278644],[-81.851836,33.283544],[-81.861336,33.286244],[-81.863236,33.288844],[-81.861536,33.297944],[-81.849636,33.299544],[-81.846136,33.303843],[-81.847296,33.306783],[-81.867936,33.314043],[-81.875836,33.307443],[-81.884137,33.310443],[-81.886637,33.316943],[-81.897329,33.322331],[-81.896937,33.327642],[-81.900301,33.331117],[-81.906444,33.324181],[-81.909285,33.324181],[-81.919137,33.334442],[-81.917973,33.34159],[-81.924737,33.345341],[-81.932737,33.343541],[-81.939737,33.344941],[-81.934837,33.356041],[-81.944737,33.364041],[-81.946337,33.37064],[-81.939637,33.37254],[-81.930634,33.368165],[-81.925737,33.37114],[-81.924837,33.37414],[-81.930861,33.380076],[-81.936961,33.404197],[-81.92306,33.408266],[-81.920121,33.410753],[-81.91933,33.415613],[-81.924893,33.419307],[-81.927241,33.422846],[-81.926789,33.426576],[-81.924981,33.429288],[-81.916236,33.433114],[-81.913356,33.437418],[-81.913532,33.441274],[-81.926336,33.462937],[-81.934136,33.468337],[-81.985938,33.486536],[-81.990938,33.494235],[-81.991938,33.504435],[-82.001338,33.520135],[-82.007138,33.522835],[-82.011538,33.531735],[-82.019838,33.535035],[-82.028238,33.544934],[-82.033023,33.546454],[-82.037375,33.554662],[-82.046335,33.56383],[-82.057727,33.566774],[-82.073104,33.57751],[-82.094128,33.582742],[-82.10624,33.595637],[-82.115328,33.596501],[-82.12908,33.589925],[-82.142872,33.594278],[-82.148816,33.598092],[-82.156288,33.60863],[-82.174351,33.613117],[-82.186154,33.62088],[-82.196583,33.630582],[-82.201186,33.646898],[-82.200718,33.66464],[-82.208411,33.669872],[-82.216868,33.6844],[-82.234576,33.700216],[-82.237192,33.70788],[-82.235753,33.71439],[-82.239098,33.730872],[-82.247472,33.752591],[-82.255267,33.75969],[-82.263206,33.761962],[-82.266127,33.766745],[-82.277681,33.772032],[-82.285804,33.780058],[-82.298286,33.783518],[-82.300213,33.800627],[-82.313339,33.809205],[-82.32448,33.820033],[-82.346933,33.834298],[-82.371775,33.843813],[-82.37975,33.851086],[-82.395736,33.859089],[-82.403881,33.865477],[-82.422803,33.863754],[-82.43115,33.867051],[-82.440503,33.875123],[-82.455105,33.88165],[-82.480111,33.901897],[-82.492929,33.909754],[-82.50764,33.931456],[-82.51295,33.936969],[-82.524515,33.94336],[-82.534111,33.943651],[-82.543128,33.940949],[-82.556835,33.945353],[-82.564531,33.955741],[-82.568288,33.968772],[-82.579576,33.979761],[-82.580571,33.98514],[-82.575351,33.990904],[-82.576222,33.993106],[-82.583394,33.995286],[-82.589245,34.000118],[-82.595655,34.016118],[-82.594555,34.028717],[-82.609655,34.039917],[-82.626963,34.063457],[-82.630972,34.065528],[-82.635991,34.064941],[-82.64398,34.072237],[-82.645661,34.076046],[-82.640345,34.086304],[-82.641553,34.092212],[-82.648184,34.098649],[-82.658561,34.103118],[-82.666879,34.113591],[-82.668113,34.12016],[-82.67732,34.131657],[-82.68629,34.134454],[-82.692152,34.138986],[-82.70414,34.141007],[-82.717507,34.150504],[-82.723312,34.165895],[-82.731881,34.178363],[-82.732761,34.195338],[-82.74192,34.210063],[-82.740447,34.219679],[-82.744415,34.224913],[-82.74198,34.230196],[-82.744834,34.242957],[-82.744056,34.252407],[-82.748756,34.263407],[-82.746656,34.266407],[-82.755028,34.276067],[-82.770928,34.285402],[-82.780308,34.296701],[-82.781752,34.302901],[-82.78684,34.310381],[-82.794054,34.339772],[-82.835004,34.366069],[-82.836611,34.382676],[-82.841524,34.39013],[-82.841326,34.397332],[-82.847446,34.412049],[-82.848651,34.423844],[-82.854434,34.432275],[-82.855762,34.443977],[-82.860874,34.451469],[-82.860707,34.457428],[-82.875463,34.463503],[-82.876464,34.465803],[-82.873831,34.471508],[-82.876864,34.475303],[-82.902665,34.485902],[-82.922866,34.481402],[-82.928466,34.484202],[-82.940867,34.486102],[-82.947367,34.479602],[-82.954667,34.477302],[-82.960668,34.482002],[-82.979568,34.482702],[-82.992215,34.479198],[-82.995279,34.475648],[-82.99509,34.472483],[-83.002924,34.472132],[-83.029315,34.484147],[-83.034712,34.483495],[-83.043771,34.488816],[-83.054463,34.50289],[-83.069451,34.502131],[-83.087189,34.515939],[-83.077995,34.523746],[-83.087789,34.532078],[-83.102179,34.532179],[-83.103987,34.540166],[-83.122901,34.560129],[-83.129676,34.561699],[-83.152577,34.578299],[-83.154577,34.588198],[-83.170278,34.592398],[-83.169994,34.605444],[-83.179439,34.60802],[-83.196979,34.605998],[-83.199779,34.608398],[-83.211598,34.610905],[-83.23178,34.611297],[-83.243381,34.617997],[-83.240676,34.624307],[-83.255281,34.637696],[-83.271982,34.641896],[-83.292883,34.654196],[-83.300848,34.66247],[-83.301477,34.666582],[-83.304641,34.669561],[-83.316401,34.669316],[-83.321463,34.677543],[-83.330284,34.681342],[-83.336207,34.680534],[-83.33869,34.682002],[-83.340383,34.688998],[-83.349975,34.699155],[-83.347718,34.705474],[-83.352485,34.715993],[-83.353238,34.728648],[-83.348829,34.737194],[-83.338666,34.742295],[-83.320062,34.759616],[-83.319945,34.773725],[-83.323866,34.789712],[-83.313782,34.799911],[-83.301182,34.804008],[-83.302395,34.813241],[-83.294292,34.814725],[-83.289914,34.824477],[-83.275656,34.816862],[-83.268159,34.821393],[-83.267293,34.832748],[-83.269982,34.837196],[-83.267656,34.845289],[-83.254605,34.846402],[-83.252582,34.853483],[-83.24722,34.85844],[-83.245602,34.865522],[-83.240847,34.866736],[-83.238419,34.869771],[-83.239081,34.875661],[-83.22924,34.879907],[-83.220099,34.878124],[-83.213323,34.882796],[-83.205627,34.880142],[-83.201183,34.884653],[-83.204572,34.890284],[-83.203351,34.893717],[-83.186541,34.899534],[-83.168524,34.91788],[-83.160937,34.918269],[-83.153253,34.926342],[-83.140621,34.924915],[-83.130554,34.930932],[-83.129493,34.937402],[-83.121112,34.939129],[-83.121214,34.942684],[-83.126761,34.948742],[-83.127035,34.953778],[-83.12114,34.958966],[-83.120387,34.968406],[-83.106991,34.98272],[-83.1046,34.992783],[-83.108535,35.000771],[-82.787867,35.085024],[-82.783283,35.0856],[-82.776357,35.081349],[-82.781973,35.066817],[-82.777376,35.064143],[-82.764464,35.068177],[-82.757704,35.068019],[-82.754162,35.069629],[-82.749491,35.078487],[-82.738379,35.079453],[-82.729683,35.087827],[-82.72701,35.094142],[-82.715297,35.092943],[-82.703916,35.097651],[-82.694898,35.098456],[-82.688456,35.106347],[-82.691194,35.114721],[-82.68604,35.124545],[-82.683625,35.125833],[-82.676861,35.12535],[-82.669614,35.118103],[-82.662381,35.118123],[-82.642237,35.129215],[-82.629031,35.126155],[-82.621185,35.134635],[-82.609706,35.139039],[-82.59814,35.137729],[-82.59243,35.139002],[-82.588158,35.142928],[-82.578316,35.142104],[-82.569912,35.145268],[-82.563767,35.151575],[-82.556168,35.151736],[-82.554227,35.156911],[-82.550508,35.159498],[-82.540483,35.160306],[-82.529973,35.155617],[-82.521403,35.158851],[-82.516044,35.163442],[-82.495506,35.164312],[-82.483937,35.173798],[-82.476136,35.175486],[-82.467991,35.174633],[-82.460092,35.178143],[-82.455609,35.177425],[-82.452987,35.17469],[-82.451201,35.16526],[-82.439595,35.165863],[-82.435689,35.167715],[-82.424461,35.193092],[-82.419744,35.198613],[-82.403348,35.204473],[-82.39293,35.215402],[-82.384029,35.210542],[-82.378744,35.198053],[-82.380903,35.189565],[-82.376808,35.184427],[-82.371298,35.181449],[-82.364299,35.184725],[-82.361469,35.190831],[-82.344554,35.193115],[-82.340133,35.189188],[-82.333934,35.190661],[-82.330779,35.189032],[-82.330549,35.186767],[-82.32335,35.184789],[-82.315871,35.190678],[-82.295354,35.194965],[-82.288453,35.198605],[-82.27492,35.200071],[-82.176874,35.19379],[-81.716259,35.178852],[-81.241686,35.160081],[-81.043625,35.149877],[-81.047826,35.143743],[-81.051037,35.131654],[-81.038968,35.126299],[-81.033005,35.113747],[-81.032806,35.108049],[-81.037369,35.102541],[-81.046524,35.100617],[-81.052078,35.096276],[-81.057236,35.086129],[-81.058029,35.07319],[-81.057648,35.062433],[-81.041489,35.044703],[-80.93495,35.107409],[-80.884887,35.05351],[-80.782042,34.935782],[-80.797543,34.819786],[-80.499788,34.817261],[-79.870693,34.805378],[-79.675299,34.804744],[-79.358317,34.545358],[-79.249763,34.449774],[-78.541087,33.851112],[-78.553944,33.847831],[-78.584841,33.844282],[-78.67226,33.817587],[-78.714116,33.800138],[-78.772737,33.768511],[-78.812931,33.743472],[-78.862931,33.705654],[-78.938076,33.639826],[-79.007356,33.566565],[-79.028516,33.533365],[-79.084588,33.483669],[-79.10136,33.461016],[-79.135441,33.403867],[-79.147496,33.378243],[-79.152035,33.350925],[-79.158429,33.332811],[-79.162332,33.327246],[-79.180318,33.254141],[-79.180563,33.237955],[-79.172394,33.206577],[-79.18787,33.173712],[-79.195631,33.166016],[-79.215453,33.155569],[-79.238262,33.137055],[-79.24609,33.124865],[-79.290754,33.110051]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"South Carolina\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"42","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a52e4b07f02db62ad6a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sayre, M. W.","contributorId":10117,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sayre","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Atkinson, R.D.","contributorId":43455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atkinson","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baskett, T.S.","contributorId":83081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baskett","given":"T.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haas, G.H.","contributorId":78045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haas","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70162295,"text":"70162295 - 1978 - Refraction studies between Icy Bay and Kayak Island, eastern Gulf of Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-08T16:53:26","indexId":"70162295","displayToPublicDate":"1978-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Refraction studies between Icy Bay and Kayak Island, eastern Gulf of Alaska","docAbstract":"

Results of five seismic refraction lines shot by the U.S. Geological Survey in the Gulf of Alaska between Icy Bay and Kayak Island indicate the following: (1) The Continental Shelf is underlain by as much as 11 km of sedimentary rock of probable Tertiary age where refraction velocities range from 1.2 to 5.5 kilometers per second; (2) a section approximately 5 km thick, which has velocities of 4.1-5.5 km/s and which could represent the Orca Group (lower Tertiary), is present in the western part of the study area but not in the eastern part; and (3) consistent basement velocities of approximately 7.0 km/s could indicate oceanic crust underlying the continental margin.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Bayer, K., Mattick, R., Bruns, T., and Plafker, G., 1978, Refraction studies between Icy Bay and Kayak Island, eastern Gulf of Alaska: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 6, no. 5, p. 625-636.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"625","endPage":"636","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":314555,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":314554,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1978/vol6issue5/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"31.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Alaska, Icy Bay, Kayak Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -145,\n 59\n ],\n [\n -145,\n 63\n ],\n [\n -140,\n 63\n ],\n [\n -140,\n 59\n ],\n [\n -145,\n 59\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a0bdcae4b0961cf280dc26","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bayer, K.C.","contributorId":45714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bayer","given":"K.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mattick, R.E.","contributorId":85162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattick","given":"R.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bruns, T.R.","contributorId":96683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bruns","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Plafker, George","contributorId":3920,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Plafker","given":"George","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70207207,"text":"70207207 - 1978 - Development of hydrology in North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-13T07:39:31","indexId":"70207207","displayToPublicDate":"1978-09-30T09:34:48","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3713,"text":"Water International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of hydrology in North America","docAbstract":"

No abstract available. 

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02508067808686265","issn":"02508060","usgsCitation":"Nace, R.L., 1978, Development of hydrology in North America: Water International, v. 3, no. 3, p. 20-26, https://doi.org/10.1080/02508067808686265.","productDescription":"7 p. ","startPage":"20","endPage":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":370200,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"North America","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.85937499999999,\n 7.013667927566642\n ],\n [\n -72.7734375,\n 27.994401411046148\n ],\n [\n -51.328125,\n 49.61070993807422\n ],\n [\n -72.421875,\n 59.88893689676585\n ],\n [\n -89.6484375,\n 66.79190947341796\n ],\n [\n -126.5625,\n 70.02058730174062\n ],\n [\n -153.6328125,\n 70.95969716686398\n ],\n [\n -162.7734375,\n 69.53451763078358\n ],\n [\n -158.203125,\n 61.60639637138628\n ],\n [\n -140.625,\n 55.3791104480105\n ],\n [\n -127.61718749999999,\n 43.32517767999296\n ],\n [\n -121.640625,\n 19.31114335506464\n ],\n [\n -93.515625,\n 7.710991655433217\n ],\n [\n -80.85937499999999,\n 7.013667927566642\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-01-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nace, R. L.","contributorId":11332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nace","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1014042,"text":"1014042 - 1978 - Herpesvirus salmonis: Characterization of a new pathogen of rainbow trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-26T23:02:08.630491","indexId":"1014042","displayToPublicDate":"1978-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2497,"text":"Journal of Virology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Herpesvirus salmonis: Characterization of a new pathogen of rainbow trout","docAbstract":"

A new agent, provisionally designated Herpesvirus salmonis, was isolated from post-spawning rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) and studied primarily in the RTG-2 rainbow trout cell line. Infection of RTG-2 cells resulted in the formation of syncytia and Cowdry type A intranuclear inclusions. Replication occurred regularly at 5 and 10°C, but was inconsistent at 15°C, largely inhibited at 0°C, and completely inhibited at 20°C or higher. The virus was acid, heat, ether, and chloroform labile, but stable to freezing and thawing. It did not hemagglutinate. Viral DNA had a buoyant density of 1.709 g/cm3 and a guanine-cytosine value of 50%. Hexagonal nucleocapsids had a diameter of 90 nm and were first seen in nuclei at 36 h. Enveloped forms measured about 150 nm and occurred both cytoplasmically and extracellularly. At 10°C, a one-step growth culture required about 96 h; cell-associated virus peaked at about 105 PFU/ml and exceeded released virus by a factor of about 10.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/jvi.27.3.659-666.1978","usgsCitation":"Wolf, K., Darlington, R.W., Taylor, W., Quimby, M.C., and Nagabayashi, T., 1978, Herpesvirus salmonis: Characterization of a new pathogen of rainbow trout: Journal of Virology, v. 27, no. 3, p. 659-666, https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.27.3.659-666.1978.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"659","endPage":"666","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487168,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.27.3.659-666.1978","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":129495,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db635be9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolf, K.","contributorId":16344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Darlington, R. W.","contributorId":64599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Darlington","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Taylor, W.G.","contributorId":76264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"W.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Quimby, M. C.","contributorId":14334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quimby","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nagabayashi, T.","contributorId":14347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagabayashi","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70012399,"text":"70012399 - 1978 - Earthquake swarm along the San Andreas fault near Palmdale, Southern California, 1976 to 1977","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-15T16:31:33.178088","indexId":"70012399","displayToPublicDate":"1978-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquake swarm along the San Andreas fault near Palmdale, Southern California, 1976 to 1977","docAbstract":"

Between November 1976 and November 1977 a swarm of small earthquakes (local magnitude ≤ 3) occurred on or near the San Andreas fault near Palmdale, California. This swarm was the first observed along this section of the San Andreas since cataloging of instrumental data began in 1932. The activity followed partial subsidence of the 35-centimeter vertical crustal uplift known as the Palmdale bulge along this \"locked\" section of the San Andreas, which last broke in the great (surface-wave magnitude = 8¼;+) 1857 Fort Tejon earthquake. The swarm events exhibit characteristics previously observed for some foreshock sequences, such as tight clustering of hypocenters and time-dependent rotations of stress axes inferred from focal mechanisms. However, because of our present lack of understanding of the processes that precede earthquake faulting, the implications of the swarm for future large earthquakes on the San Andreas fault are unknown.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.201.4358.814","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"McNally, K., Kanamori, H., Pechmann, J., and Fuis, G., 1978, Earthquake swarm along the San Andreas fault near Palmdale, Southern California, 1976 to 1977: Science, v. 201, no. 4358, p. 814-817, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.201.4358.814.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"814","endPage":"817","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222591,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Palmdale","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.26398519834544,\n 34.665831953846805\n ],\n [\n -118.26398519834544,\n 34.46918737889199\n ],\n [\n -117.88245553643783,\n 34.46918737889199\n ],\n [\n -117.88245553643783,\n 34.665831953846805\n ],\n [\n -118.26398519834544,\n 34.665831953846805\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"201","issue":"4358","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0506e4b0c8380cd50c0d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McNally, K.C.","contributorId":51914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNally","given":"K.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kanamori, H.","contributorId":55438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kanamori","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pechmann, J.C.","contributorId":102632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pechmann","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fuis, G. 0000-0002-3078-1544","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3078-1544","contributorId":41142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuis","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70119882,"text":"70119882 - 1978 - The stochastic variation of instream values in rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-11T11:34:11","indexId":"70119882","displayToPublicDate":"1978-08-19T11:29:49","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"The stochastic variation of instream values in rivers","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkTitle":"Verification of Mathematical and Physical Models in Hydraulic Engineering Proceedings: 26th Annual Hydraulics Division specialty Conference","conferenceTitle":"26th annual Hydraulics Division specialty conference","conferenceDate":"1978-08-09T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"College Park, MD","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","usgsCitation":"Milhous, R.T., and Bovee, K.D., 1978, The stochastic variation of instream values in rivers, 8 p.","productDescription":"8 p.","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291951,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53e9d8dae4b008eaa4f3f6a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milhous, Robert T.","contributorId":28646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milhous","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bovee, Ken D.","contributorId":100447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bovee","given":"Ken","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70176608,"text":"70176608 - 1978 - Three-dimensional finite-difference model of ground-water system underlying the Muskegon County wastewater disposal system, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-05T16:19:31.978082","indexId":"70176608","displayToPublicDate":"1978-08-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Three-dimensional finite-difference model of ground-water system underlying the Muskegon County wastewater disposal system, Michigan","docAbstract":"

The spray irrigation system used by Muskegon County for wastewater treatment is the largest of its kind in the United States. It has 2200 hectares of irrigated farm land, 688 hectares of treatment lagoons, and 105 kilometers of drainage tile. The system has a design capacity of 1.8 cubic meters of wastewater per second. A three-dimensional finite-difference model was developed to study the effect of the disposal operation on ground-water conditions. Model calculations show that the water table at and adjacent to most of the wastewater site is lower as a result of the operation of the system to date. However, along the northwest boundary of the site, where irrigated land was not undertiled, the water table is 1 to 2 meters higher than it would be under natural conditions. Predictive simulations indicate that, even if the drainage tiles lost 75 percent of their effectiveness, the impact of disposal operations on ground-water levels would be negligible outside of the wastewater site.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Geological Survey Division, Michigan Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"McDonald, M.G., and Fleck, W.B., 1978, Three-dimensional finite-difference model of ground-water system underlying the Muskegon County wastewater disposal system, Michigan: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 6, no. 3, p. 307-318.","startPage":"307","endPage":"318","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328875,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70176608/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":499587,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70176608/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","county":"Muskegon County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-86.0409,43.4667],[-86.0408,43.3803],[-86.0395,43.2934],[-86.0288,43.2933],[-85.9225,43.2915],[-85.9093,43.291],[-85.7917,43.2923],[-85.79,43.2035],[-85.9082,43.205],[-85.907,43.119],[-86.1455,43.1172],[-86.2698,43.1175],[-86.2816,43.1407],[-86.2979,43.1671],[-86.3022,43.1739],[-86.3072,43.1821],[-86.3235,43.2058],[-86.3298,43.2153],[-86.3379,43.2267],[-86.3278,43.2317],[-86.3272,43.2317],[-86.3234,43.2308],[-86.3216,43.2258],[-86.321,43.219],[-86.3153,43.2167],[-86.3115,43.2162],[-86.3065,43.218],[-86.3015,43.218],[-86.2971,43.2167],[-86.2908,43.2198],[-86.2839,43.2225],[-86.2782,43.2239],[-86.2776,43.2248],[-86.2725,43.2321],[-86.2681,43.2325],[-86.2625,43.2316],[-86.2606,43.233],[-86.2593,43.2389],[-86.253,43.243],[-86.2442,43.2425],[-86.2416,43.2498],[-86.2454,43.257],[-86.2397,43.2634],[-86.2334,43.2661],[-86.2233,43.2693],[-86.2189,43.2711],[-86.2183,43.2706],[-86.2139,43.2688],[-86.2101,43.2679],[-86.2051,43.2711],[-86.202,43.2724],[-86.2026,43.2729],[-86.2032,43.2733],[-86.2126,43.2711],[-86.217,43.2729],[-86.2259,43.2716],[-86.229,43.2698],[-86.2303,43.2698],[-86.234,43.2698],[-86.246,43.2639],[-86.2479,43.2612],[-86.2511,43.2612],[-86.2523,43.2612],[-86.2617,43.2598],[-86.263,43.258],[-86.2668,43.2512],[-86.2674,43.2507],[-86.2832,43.243],[-86.2951,43.2421],[-86.3008,43.2444],[-86.3014,43.2449],[-86.3133,43.2485],[-86.3284,43.2495],[-86.3335,43.2467],[-86.3335,43.2454],[-86.3284,43.2444],[-86.324,43.2408],[-86.3266,43.2354],[-86.3398,43.2313],[-86.3431,43.2339],[-86.3423,43.2376],[-86.3686,43.2763],[-86.383,43.2982],[-86.395,43.3169],[-86.3975,43.3209],[-86.4188,43.3642],[-86.4302,43.3856],[-86.4509,43.4425],[-86.4534,43.4484],[-86.4547,43.4538],[-86.4559,43.4589],[-86.4572,43.4643],[-86.4597,43.4721],[-86.3966,43.4707],[-86.3758,43.4706],[-86.2774,43.4692],[-86.1588,43.4675],[-86.0964,43.4669],[-86.0787,43.4669],[-86.0409,43.4667]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Muskegon\",\"state\":\"MI\"}}]}","volume":"6","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57ffb86fe4b0824b2d1706c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McDonald, Michael G.","contributorId":47352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fleck, William B.","contributorId":17587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleck","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}