Metamorphic forsterite (Fo=98) and diopside (Wo:En:Fs=48.5:49.5:2.0) have been, formed from serpentinite within intensely sheared zones in the large ultramafic complex at the Tuolumne River near Sonora, Calif. Bladelike grains of forsterite are elongate, parallel to c, and have prominent idiomorphic faces developed in (010). Metamorphic diopside occurs as small grains, free of inclusions, in rocks containing forsterite. The formation of forsterite and forsterite +diopside in serpentinite probably took place by the following reactions:
antigorite+magnesite→2 forsterite+ fluid 3 antigorite+calcite→4 forsterite+diopside+fluid
Iron derived from the primary olivine and chromite has been oxidized almost entirely to magnetite and may be treated as an indifferent or accessory component. Stratigraphic reconstruction indicates that the total load pressures probably did not exceed 3 kilobars. At these pressures, the reaction should take place between 400° and 500°C with a fluid composition ranging from nearly pure H2O to less than 5 mole percent CO2. The restriction of forsterite and forsterite-f-diopside to shear zones may be attributed to the presence of carbonate in the rock prior to metamorphism and to the dilution of a CO2-bearing fluid phase by water coming from outside the area of the reaction.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Morgan, B., 1978, Metamorphic forsterite and diopside from the ultramafic complex at the Tuolumne River, California: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 6, no. 1, p. 73-80.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"73","endPage":"80","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403822,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403819,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1978/vol6issue1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Tuolumne River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.75,\n 37.35\n ],\n [\n -119.85,\n 37.35\n ],\n [\n -119.85,\n 38.1\n ],\n [\n -120.75,\n 38.1\n ],\n [\n -120.75,\n 37.35\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morgan, B. A.","contributorId":87128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"B. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70236555,"text":"70236555 - 1978 - Potential applications of satellite imagery in some types of natural resource inventories","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-09T17:05:58.96934","indexId":"70236555","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T11:03:30","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"seriesNumber":"RM-55","title":"Potential applications of satellite imagery in some types of natural resource inventories","docAbstract":"Landsat satellite imagery has been routinely available to researchers and resource scientists since 1972. Many studies have demonstrated the application of Landsat imagery for conducting inventories and mapping various natural resources. Examples of applications presented in this paper include: timber volume
inventory, range productivity inventory, wildland vegetation mapping, inventory of rangeland conversion and irrigated lands, and mapping strip mine disturbance in forested areas. Costs and accuracies for each of these application areas are presented. Landsat data, used in its proper context with appropriate analysis techniques, supporting data, and sound sampling strategies, can be an effective tool in conducting natural resource inventories.
Other Landsat systems, scheduled for launch in 1978 and 1981, will provide continuity in the availability of Landsat data to users. Improvements in the quality and timeliness of data delivered to users, along with improved data handling procedures, analysis techniques, and improved sampling frameworks should increase the use of satellite imagery in natural resource inventories.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Integrated inventories of renewable natural resources: Proceedings of the workshop","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"conferenceTitle":"Integrated Inventories of Renewable Natural Resources","conferenceDate":"January 8-12, 1978","conferenceLocation":"Tucson, Arizona, United States","language":"English","publisher":"United States Department of Agriculture","usgsCitation":"Rohde, W.G., 1978, Potential applications of satellite imagery in some types of natural resource inventories, in Integrated inventories of renewable natural resources: Proceedings of the workshop, Tucson, Arizona, United States, January 8-12, 1978, p. 209-218.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"209","endPage":"218","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":406469,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Lund, H. Gyde","contributorId":192744,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lund","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"Gyde","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":851387,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LaBau, Vernon J.","contributorId":296391,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"LaBau","given":"Vernon","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":851388,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ffolliott, Peter F.","contributorId":296392,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ffolliott","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":851389,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Robinson, David W.","contributorId":296393,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robinson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":851390,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Rohde, Wayne G.","contributorId":84630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rohde","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":851384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70233069,"text":"70233069 - 1978 - Porphyry copper exploration model for northern Sonora, Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-15T16:02:22.246142","indexId":"70233069","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T10:57:26","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Porphyry copper exploration model for northern Sonora, Mexico","docAbstract":"The regional tectonic pattern of the porphyry copper province of northern Sonora, Mexico, is similar to, but more complex than, the Colorado mineral belt. Four northeast-trending shear zones, spaced at 30- to 50-kilometer intervals from Hermosillo, Mexico, north to Nogales, Mexico, are interpreted from analysis of lineament data from Landsat-1 images. From comparison with other areas, these zones are believed to have Precambrian ancestry. North-northwest-trending lineaments, which commonly occur along range fronts, are interpreted to be the principal basin and range faults. North-south- and west-northwest-trending lineaments are believed to be related to lesser faults and fractures. Areas of hydrothermal alteration have been mapped on a regional scale by use of digital image-processing techniques. These altered areas occur on the flanks of the northeast-trending shear zones, generally near intersections with north-northwest-trending lineaments. This tectonic framework with associated alteration is similar to patterns in the Colorado Plateau, the porphyry copper province of Arizona, and central Mexico and is supported by relationships found in limited local mapping. The pattern of northeast-trending shear zones and north-northwest-trending faults in northern Sonora closely resembles the tectonic framework of the Colorado mineral belt. The younger sedimentary and volcanic cover, however, has not been eroded in Sonora as it has been in the Colorado mineral belt. This comparison with the Colorado mineral belt suggests that mineral deposits are most likely to be found in altered areas where a northeast-trending shear zone is intersected by north-northwest-trending faults. Seven areas with these characteristics have been defined in Sonora and are being evaluated by means of regional geophysical and geochemical data.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Raines, G.L., 1978, Porphyry copper exploration model for northern Sonora, Mexico: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 6, no. 1, p. 51-58.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"58","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403817,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403816,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1978/vol6issue1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Mexico","state":"Sonora","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.5,\n 29.5\n ],\n [\n -109,\n 29.5\n ],\n [\n -109,\n 31.5\n ],\n [\n -111.5,\n 31.5\n ],\n [\n -111.5,\n 29.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Raines, Gary L.","contributorId":48162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raines","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70233068,"text":"70233068 - 1978 - Hypothesis: Many earthquakes in the central and southeastern United States are causally related to mafic intrusive bodies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-15T15:54:33.513593","indexId":"70233068","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T10:49:54","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hypothesis: Many earthquakes in the central and southeastern United States are causally related to mafic intrusive bodies","docAbstract":"Assessment of earthquake hazards in the United States is based largely upon knowledge acquired in the seismically active parts of the western United States. Earthquakes in the central and southeastern United States are seismologically and geologically very anomalous, however, compared with those in the western United States. For example, shallow earthquakes of magnitude 7-f in the western United States in general have tectonic surface faulting associated with them. No tectonic surface faulting, however, has been found to be associated with the New Madrid, Mo., earthquakes of 1811 and 1812, several of which had estimated magnitudes of 7-f. The lack of surface faulting is, in part, responsible for the fact that the New Madrid earthquakes have not been related with certainty to any particular geologic structural element, which makes assessment of the seismic hazards associated with possible similar future earthquakes very difficult. Geologic and seismologic data from the central and southeastern United States, however, suggest a spatial correlation between mafic intrusive rocks and seismic activity. An additional supportive correlation is that the trend of many dikes coincides with the trend of nodal planes in many fault-plane solutions. These correlations differ greatly from the direct correlation of earthquakes with faults in the western United States. Consideration of different concepts of earthquake sources in the central and southeastern. United States seems necessary- The preferred concept is that local high-stress concentrations, which may result in earthquakes, occur at or close to the contact of mafic intrusives and their felsic host rocks. Ancient rift zones may have been the primary control of the location of the mafic intrusives. Implications of a causal relation between mafic intrusives and seismicity are that more useful seismo-tectonic maps may be possible and that the source dimensions of the earthquakes would be small. Because of low attenuation, however, effects of earthquakes in the central and southeastern United States, even if relatively small because of smaller source dimensions, must be considered hazardous.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"McKeown, F.A., 1978, Hypothesis: Many earthquakes in the central and southeastern United States are causally related to mafic intrusive bodies: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 6, no. 1, p. 41-50.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"41","endPage":"50","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403815,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403814,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1978/vol6issue1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94,\n 31\n ],\n [\n -76,\n 31\n ],\n [\n -76,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -94,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -94,\n 31\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKeown, F. A.","contributorId":106100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKeown","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70233067,"text":"70233067 - 1978 - Accuracy and consistency comparisons of land use and land cover maps made from high-altitude photographs and Landsat multispectral imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-15T15:48:51.544265","indexId":"70233067","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T10:47:30","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Accuracy and consistency comparisons of land use and land cover maps made from high-altitude photographs and Landsat multispectral imagery","docAbstract":"Accuracy analyses for land use and land cover maps of the 74712-km2 Central Atlantic Regional Ecological Test Site were performed for a 1-percent sample of the area. Researchers compared Level II land use and land cover maps produced at three scales, 1:24000, 1:100000, and 1:250000 from high-altitude photographs, with point data obtained in the field. The same procedures were employed to determine the accuracy of the Level I land use and land cover produced at 1:250 000 scale from high-altitude photographs and color composite Landsat imagery.
The accuracy of the Level II maps was 85 percent at 1:24 000, 77 percent at 1:100 000, and 73 percent at 1:250 000. The accuracy of the Level I 1:250000 maps produced from high-altitude photographs was 77 percent and for those produced from Landsat multispectral imagery was 70 percent. The accuracy of the Level I land use maps produced using Landsat imagery is approximately that of the Level I land use maps produced from high-altitude photography with the exception of urban and built-up land. No built-up land was identified from Landsat imagery in the non-urban areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Fitzpatrick-Lins, K., 1978, Accuracy and consistency comparisons of land use and land cover maps made from high-altitude photographs and Landsat multispectral imagery: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 6, no. 1, p. 23-40.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"23","endPage":"40","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403813,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403812,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1978/vol6issue1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"6","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fitzpatrick-Lins, Katherine","contributorId":75906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick-Lins","given":"Katherine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70233062,"text":"70233062 - 1978 - Determination of runoff coefficients of storm-water-basin drainage areas on Long Island, New York, by using maximum-stage gages","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-15T15:43:18.632915","indexId":"70233062","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T10:40:05","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of runoff coefficients of storm-water-basin drainage areas on Long Island, New York, by using maximum-stage gages","docAbstract":"A method for determining runoff coefficients indirectly without direct measurement of volume of runoff was developed for drainage areas of selected storm-water basins on Long Island, N.Y., to expedite evaluation of basin performance. The method requires a maximum-stage gage to record the maximum water level attained in the basin during the storm, and a precipitation gage to record storm intensity at regular intervals. The maximum volume of runoff impounded in the basin during a storm is calculated from precipitation data, an arbitrarily estimated runoff coefficient, and the basin's dimensions and infiltration rate. The calculated result is then compared with the recorded maximum water level, and the process is repeated with increased or decreased coefficients on a trial basis until two of the resulting water-storage maxima closely bracket the recorded maximum. The runoff coefficient in effect during that storm is then interpolated or derived graphically from the calculated water-storage maxima. Results of data analyses suggest that a close approximation of a basin's infiltration rate may be used instead of a measured infiltration rate to calculate the runoff coefficient. Differences between measured and calculated runoff coefficients averaged less than 20 percent when based on average infiltration rates adjusted for water temperature and less than 10 percent when based on measured infiltration rates. Accuracy of the calculated runoff coefficient tends to decline as the interval between precipitation measurements increases. Precipitation data collected at 5- and 15-minute intervals gave accurate runoff coefficients regardless of storm duration, but data collected at 30- or 60-minute intervals gave widely varying results.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Aronson, D.A., 1978, Determination of runoff coefficients of storm-water-basin drainage areas on Long Island, New York, by using maximum-stage gages: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 6, no. 1, p. 11-21.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403811,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403810,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1978/vol6issue1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Long Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.102783203125,\n 40.40931350359072\n ],\n [\n -72.0428466796875,\n 40.40931350359072\n ],\n [\n -72.0428466796875,\n 41.236511201246216\n ],\n [\n -74.102783203125,\n 41.236511201246216\n ],\n [\n -74.102783203125,\n 40.40931350359072\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aronson, D. A.","contributorId":20308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aronson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70098418,"text":"70098418 - 1978 - Cartographic research 1977","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-24T15:12:07","indexId":"70098418","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T10:39:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Cartographic research 1977","docAbstract":"Two major subjects of the current research of the Topographic Division as reported here are related to policy decisions affecting the National Mapping Program of the Geological Survey. The adoption of a metric mapping policy has resulted in new cartographic products with associated changes in map design that require new looks in graphics and new equipment. The increasing use of digitized cartographic information has led to developments in data acquisition, processing, and storage and consequent changes in equipment and techniques.
\nThis report summarizes the activities in cartographic research and development for the 12-month period ending June 1977 and covers work done at the several facilities of the Topographic Division: the Western Mapping Center at Menlo Park, Calif., the Rocky Mountain Mapping Center at Denver, Colo., the Mid-Continent Mapping Center at Rolla, Mo., and the Eastern Mapping Center, the Special Mapping Center, the Office of Plans and Program Development, and the Office of Research and Technical Standards all at Reston, Va.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70098418","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1978, Cartographic research 1977, vi, 73 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70098418.","productDescription":"vi, 73 p.","numberOfPages":"80","costCenters":[{"id":587,"text":"Topographic Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":284150,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70098418.jpg"},{"id":286060,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70098418/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 173.0,16.916667 ], [ 173.0,71.833333 ], [ -66.95,71.833333 ], [ -66.95,16.916667 ], [ 173.0,16.916667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53558ff9e4b0120853e8be73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70119870,"text":"70119870 - 1978 - Comparative efficiencies of telemetry and visual techniques for studying ungulates, grouse, and raptors on energy development lands in southeastern Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-11T10:35:18","indexId":"70119870","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T10:32:57","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Comparative efficiencies of telemetry and visual techniques for studying ungulates, grouse, and raptors on energy development lands in southeastern Montana","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkTitle":"Pecora IV symposium: Application of remote sensing data to wildlife management","conferenceTitle":"Pecora IV symposium","conferenceDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Sioux Falls, SD","language":"English","publisher":"National Wildlife Federation","publisherLocation":"Sioux Falls, SD","usgsCitation":"Biggins, E., and Pitcher, E., 1978, Comparative efficiencies of telemetry and visual techniques for studying ungulates, grouse, and raptors on energy development lands in southeastern Montana, 1 p.","productDescription":"1 p.","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291941,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.05,44.3582 ], [ -116.05,49.0014 ], [ -104.0396,49.0014 ], [ -104.0396,44.3582 ], [ -116.05,44.3582 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53e9d8cde4b008eaa4f3f626","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Biggins, E.","contributorId":88303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggins","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pitcher, E.J.","contributorId":72312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitcher","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70233060,"text":"70233060 - 1978 - Hydrochemistry and hydrodynamics of injecting an iron-rich pickling liquor into a dolomitic sandstone: A laboratory study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-15T15:56:23.445751","indexId":"70233060","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T10:32:49","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrochemistry and hydrodynamics of injecting an iron-rich pickling liquor into a dolomitic sandstone: A laboratory study","docAbstract":"Waste pickling liquor containing high concentrations of iron salts was injected into cores of quartzite, sandstone, and dolomite in a laboratory study to determine what effect this procedure might have on the permeability of these rock types. Experiments were performed at field conditions 40°C and 13.8 MPa (megapascals) in a high-pressure triaxial chamber similar to that used in rock-mechanics testing but modified to allow downstream sample collection of effluent liquids and direct visual monitoring at in-situ conditions. Five samples were tested, ranging in effective porosity from 2.9 to 13 percent and in lithology from a quartzite to a dolomite. Hydraulic conductivity of the quartzitic samples remained unchanged during injection of over 50 pore volumes of pickling liquor, but significant decreases in the hydraulic conductivity of dolomitic samples were observed. Chemical analyses of effluents from a dolomitic sample suggest that carbonate minerals were dissolving and iron was precipitating. Clogging of pore space by CO2 entrapment or by CaCl2 precipitation did not seem to play a role in decreasing hydraulic conductivity because injection into a dolomitic core of more than 140 pore volumes of HCl at a concentration similar to that of the pickling liquor caused only a slight decrease in hydraulic conductivity compared with the decrease observed when an additional 30 pore volumes of pickling liquor were subsequently injected.
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In the passage of the Metric Conversion Act of 1975, Congress determined that we also will adopt it, but the transition will be voluntary.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/70039397","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1978, Think Metric, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70039397.","productDescription":"10 p.","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":261540,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039397/report.pdf"},{"id":261541,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039397/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb2bde4b08c986b3259a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70119869,"text":"70119869 - 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1978 - Riparian vegetation and wildlife: a bibliography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-11T10:16:16","indexId":"70119867","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T10:15:12","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Riparian vegetation and wildlife: a bibliography","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Western Energy and Land Use Team","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","usgsCitation":"Hays, R., and Nolde, M., 1978, Riparian vegetation and wildlife: a bibliography, 18 p.","productDescription":"18 p.","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291938,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53e9d8d4e4b008eaa4f3f68c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hays, R.L.","contributorId":40162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hays","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nolde, M.J.","contributorId":77463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nolde","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70119865,"text":"70119865 - 1978 - Breeding biology and prey selection of ferruginous hawks in northwestern South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-11T10:13:30","indexId":"70119865","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T10:11:38","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":21,"text":"Thesis"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":28,"text":"Thesis"},"title":"Breeding biology and prey selection of ferruginous hawks in northwestern South Dakota","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"South Dakota State University","publisherLocation":"Brookings, SD","usgsCitation":"Blair, C., 1978, Breeding biology and prey selection of ferruginous hawks in northwestern South Dakota.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291937,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.0577,42.4797 ], [ -104.0577,45.9457 ], [ -96.4366,45.9457 ], [ -96.4366,42.4797 ], [ -104.0577,42.4797 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53e9d8c7e4b008eaa4f3f611","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blair, C.L.","contributorId":26983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blair","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70119863,"text":"70119863 - 1978 - An approach to developing surface cover type classifications for the regional HEP handbooks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-11T10:04:12","indexId":"70119863","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T10:02:37","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"An approach to developing surface cover type classifications for the regional HEP handbooks","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Western Energy and Land Use Team","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","usgsCitation":"Hays, R., 1978, An approach to developing surface cover type classifications for the regional HEP handbooks.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291931,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53e9d8c6e4b008eaa4f3f5fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hays, R.L.","contributorId":40162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hays","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70233425,"text":"70233425 - 1978 - Pleistocene rhyolite of the Mineral Mountains, Utah: Geothermal and archeological significance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-20T15:13:07.312731","indexId":"70233425","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T09:56:49","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pleistocene rhyolite of the Mineral Mountains, Utah: Geothermal and archeological significance","docAbstract":"Little-eroded rhyolitic tuffs, flows, and domes extend over about 25 km2 along the western side of the Mineral Mountains, southwestern Utah, which is along the eastern edge of the Roosevelt KGBA (Known Geothermal Resource Area). Initial eruptions resulted in two low-viscosity lava flows of nonporphyritic rhyolite. These were followed by bedded pumice falls and nonwelded ash flows. The youngest activity produced at least nine viscous domes and small lava flows of rhyolite that contain 1-5 percent phenocrysts of quartz, plagioclase, sodic sanidine, and biotite; distinction between domes and eroded flow segments locally is difficult.
Potassium-argon ages indicate that all the rhyolite of the Mineral Mountains was erupted between 0.8 and 0.5 m.y. ago. The rhyolite rests on dissected granite of the Mineral Mountains pluton, the largest intrusion in Utah, which has yielded published K-Ar ages of 9 and 15 m.y. A small older dissected rhyolite dome, about 8 m.y. old, occurs just west of the range front. Whether the young ages of the pluton represent time of intrusion or of later reheating, they, in conjunction with the Pleistocene rhyolite in the Mineral Mountains, do indicate a major late Cenozoic thermal anomaly, the size and age of which is significant to evaluation of the Roosevelt KGRA. The rhyolite is also the only known source of implement-grade obsidian in the southwest between eastern California and northern New Mexico.
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An attempt is made to determine whether the graben are restricted to geologic units of certain ages, and whether and at what time graben formation ceased. It is shown that (1) most preserved graben formed considerably later than the impacts that formed the basins; (2) graben are faults that are reactivated along older basin concentric and radial structures and lunar grid directions; (3) graben formation ceased about 3.6 + or - 0.2 b.y. ago; and (4) graben formation reflects a tensile stress fields that obtained during part of early lunar history. Other features of graben systems on the moon are also identified.
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The former is used to study a wide variety of ice features and to estimate deformations, while both are equally usable to observe ice types. With the present data, only the scatterometer can be used to distinguish positively multiyear from first-year and various types of thin ice. This is best done using coupled active and passive microwave sensing. ?? 1978 D. 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1978 - Heat flow in the Basin and Range province and thermal effects of tectonic extension","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:08","indexId":"70012657","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3209,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Heat flow in the Basin and Range province and thermal effects of tectonic extension","docAbstract":"In regions of tectonic extension, vertical convective transport of heat in the lithosphere is inevitable. The resulting departure of lithosphere temperature and thickness from conduction-model estimates depends upon the mechanical mode of extension and upon how rapidly extension is (and has been) taking place. Present knowledge of these processes is insufficient to provide adequate constraints on thermal models. The high and variable regional heat flow and the intense local heat discharge at volcanic centers in the Basin and Range province of the United States could be accounted for by regional and local variations in extensional strain rate without invoking anomalous conductive heat flow from the asthenosphere. Anomalous surface heat flow typical of the province could be generated by distributed extension at average rates of about 1/2 to 1%/m.y., similar to rates estimated from structural evidence. To account for higher heat flow in subregions like the Battle mountain High, these rates would be increased by a factor of about 3, and locally at active bimodal volcanic centers, by an order of magnitude more. ?? 1978 Birkha??user Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Birkha??user-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00879732","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"Lachenbruch, A., 1978, Heat flow in the Basin and Range province and thermal effects of tectonic extension: Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH, v. 117, no. 1-2, p. 34-50, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00879732.","startPage":"34","endPage":"50","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205199,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00879732"},{"id":222092,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"117","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3001e4b0c8380cd5d2b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lachenbruch, A.H.","contributorId":76737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lachenbruch","given":"A.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012633,"text":"70012633 - 1978 - Flame and flameless atomic-absorption determination of tellurium in geological materials","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-07T17:15:58.863085","indexId":"70012633","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":760,"text":"Analytica Chimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flame and flameless atomic-absorption determination of tellurium in geological materials","docAbstract":"The sample is digested with a solution of hydrobromic acid and bromine and the excess of bromine is expelled. After dilution of the solution to approximately 3 M in hydrobromic acid, ascorbic acid is added to reduce iron(III) before extraction of tellurium into methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK). An oxidizing air-acetylene flame is used to determine tellurium in the 0.1–20 ppm range. For samples containing 4–200 ppb of tellurium, a carbon-rod atomizer is used after the MIBK extract has been washed with 0.5 M hydrobromic acid to remove the residual iron. The flame procedure is useful for rapid preliminary monitoring, and the flameless procedure can determine tellurium at very low concentrations.
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