Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) declines are widespread and may be attributed, at least in part, to warming river temperatures. Water temperatures in the Yukon River and tributaries often exceed 18°C, a threshold commonly associated with heat stress and elevated mortality in Pacific salmon. Untangling the complex web of direct and indirect physiological effects of heat stress on salmon is difficult in a natural setting with innumerable system challenges but is necessary to increase our understanding of both lethal and sublethal impacts of heat stress on populations. The goal of this study was to characterize the cellular stress response in multiple Chinook salmon tissues after acute elevated temperature challenges. We conducted a controlled 4-hour temperature exposure (control, 18°C and 21°C) experiment on the bank of the Yukon River followed by gene expression (GE) profiling using a 3′-Tag-RNA-Seq protocol. The full transcriptome was analysed for 22 Chinook salmon in muscle, gill and liver tissue. Both the 21°C and 18°C treatments induced greater activity in genes associated with protein folding (e.g. HSP70, HSP90 mRNA) processes in all tissues. Global GE patterns indicate that transcriptomic responses to heat stress were highly tissue-specific, underscoring the importance of analyzing multiple tissues for determination of physiological effect. Primary superclusters (i.e. groupings of loosely related terms) of altered biological processes were identified in each tissue type, including regulation of DNA damage response (gill), regulation by host of viral transcription (liver) and regulation of the force of heart contraction (muscle) in the 21°C treatment. This study provides insight into mechanisms potentially affecting adult Chinook salmon as they encounter warm water during their spawning migration in the Yukon River and suggests that both basic and more specialized cellular functions may be disrupted.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/conphys/coaa084","usgsCitation":"Bowen, L., von Biela, V.R., McCormick, S.D., Regish, A.M., Waters-Dynes, S.C., Durbin-Johnson, B., Britton, M., Settles, M., Donnelly, D., Laske, S.M., Carey, M.P., Brown, R., and Zimmerman, C.E., 2020, Transcriptomic response to elevated water temperatures in adult migrating Yukon River Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha): Conservation Physiology, v. 8, no. 1, coaa084, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.1093/conphys/coaa084.","productDescription":"coaa084, 7 p.","ipdsId":"IP-112827","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455343,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/conphys/coaa084","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436792,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ECW77M","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Water Temperature and Dissolved Oxygen Measured During a Manipulative Thermal Challenge Experiment for Adult Salmonids, Yukon River, Alaska, 2018"},{"id":379459,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -163.564453125,\n 60.19615576604439\n ],\n [\n -158.466796875,\n 61.52269494598361\n ],\n [\n -153.544921875,\n 63.89873081524394\n ],\n [\n -142.294921875,\n 61.56457388515458\n ],\n [\n -139.658203125,\n 59.88893689676585\n ],\n [\n -137.900390625,\n 60.1524422143808\n ],\n [\n -136.7578125,\n 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Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":801873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Settles, Matt","contributorId":243243,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Settles","given":"Matt","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":801874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Donnelly, Daniel S. 0000-0001-9456-885X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9456-885X","contributorId":243180,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Donnelly","given":"Daniel S.","affiliations":[{"id":48651,"text":"Formally USGS Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":801875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Laske, Sarah M. 0000-0002-6096-0420 slaske@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6096-0420","contributorId":204872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laske","given":"Sarah","email":"slaske@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":801876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Carey, Michael P. 0000-0002-3327-8995 mcarey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3327-8995","contributorId":5397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carey","given":"Michael","email":"mcarey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science 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MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":801880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70213107,"text":"ofr20201086 - 2020 - Impacts of periodic dredging on macroinvertebrate prey availability for benthic foraging fishes in central San Francisco Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-14T12:29:00.575115","indexId":"ofr20201086","displayToPublicDate":"2020-09-11T07:59:47","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2020-1086","displayTitle":"Impacts of Periodic Dredging on Macroinvertebrate Prey Availability for Benthic Foraging Fishes in Central San Francisco Bay, California","title":"Impacts of periodic dredging on macroinvertebrate prey availability for benthic foraging fishes in central San Francisco Bay, California","docAbstract":"Because of its importance for species covered under Federal Fishery Management Plans (FMPs), the San Francisco Bay (SFB) estuary has been designated as Essential Fish Habitat (EFH) under the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act (MSA; 16 United States Code §18559b). Within this estuary, benthic macroinvertebrate communities provide important prey resources for many economically significant fish species that rely on EFH. Periodic maintenance dredging can impact benthic communities; however, there is a lack of scientific information specific to SFB regarding dredging effects on macroinvertebrates in fish foraging areas. In addition, rates of benthic community recolonization and recovery following dredging and subsequent effects on foraging fish are unknown. For this reason, it is difficult for regulatory and resource agencies to determine the impacts of maintenance dredging. Thus, the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) and the consortium of agencies (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [EPA], U.S. Army Corp of Engineers [USACE], San Francisco Regional Water Quality Control Board [SFRWQCB], and San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission [BCDC]) that make up the San Francisco Bay Long Term Management Strategy for Dredging (LTMS) identified a study of dredging impacts on SFB fish foraging habitat as one of their highest priorities in their 2011 Programmatic EFH Agreement (U.S. Army Corp of Engineers and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011).
The LTMS agencies identified the region of interest as shallow (<13 feet [<4 meters (m)] mean lower low water [MLLW]), soft-bottom (silt/clay soil texture) areas in the Central Bay of SFB that were periodically dredged (every 1–3 years). Fish species of interest were compiled by NMFS and included those managed by the Pacific Groundfish, Pacific Salmon, and Coastal Pelagic FMPs (pursuant to the MSA) as well as those listed under the California State or Federal Endangered Species Act (ESA; 16 U.S.C. §1531–1544) as threatened or endangered. Target species included leopard shark (Triakis semifasciata), big skate (Raja binoculata), English sole (Parophrys vetulus), starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus), brown rockfish (Sebastes auriculatus), green sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris; threatened species under Federal ESA), northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax), longfin smelt (Spirinchus thaleichthys, threatened under California ESA), and Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax). In addition, Dungeness crab (Cancer magister), California halibut (Paralichthys californicus), and white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) also were included because they are substantial contributors to the California State fishery.
To address LTMS priorities, U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Station (hereafter USGS) conducted a multi-phased project including an initial literature review, study design, pilot study, and implementation of a full study. The overarching goal was to assess the effects of periodic dredge operations (every 1–3 years) on benthic habitat for foraging fish in the Central Bay, with emphasis on the foraging requirements of target fish species and analyses of benthic macroinvertebrates in dredged areas compared to adjacent undredged reference areas. The USGS partnered with University of California, Davis, fisheries expert James Hobbs to synthesize existing knowledge of fish foraging ecology and review benthic infauna community composition in SFB with a focus on the Central Bay. The literature review (Phase I; De La Cruz and others, 2016) addressed key questions identified by the LTMS on benthic foraging fish in the study area, including the following: (1) What are target fish eating? (2) What are the seasonal differences in prey items and macroinvertebrate assemblages? (3) What are the annual differences in prey items and macroinvertebrate assemblages? (4) What are the predominant macroinvertebrate functional groups from the perspective of fish foraging? Phase II consisted of creating a framework for a functional assessment of maintenance dredging effects on foraging fish and drafting a full study design (De La Cruz and others, 2017), which was then tested in the Phase III pilot study. The Phase IV full study incorporated lessons learned from the pilot study. Here we focus on the results of the full study and implications for benthic foraging fishes.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20201086","usgsCitation":"De La Cruz, S.E.W., Woo, I., Hall, L., Flanagan, A., and Mittelstaedt, H., 2020, Impacts of periodic dredging on macroinvertebrate prey availability for benthic foraging fishes in central San Francisco Bay, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2020–1086, 96 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20201086.","productDescription":"x, 96 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-112237","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":378273,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1086/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":378274,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1086/ofr20201086.pdf","text":"Report","size":"13.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2020-1086"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Central San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.65411376953125,\n 37.75334401310656\n ],\n [\n -122.17346191406249,\n 37.75334401310656\n ],\n [\n -122.17346191406249,\n 37.98317483351337\n ],\n [\n -122.65411376953125,\n 37.98317483351337\n ],\n [\n -122.65411376953125,\n 37.75334401310656\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819
Predator loss and climate change are hallmarks of the Anthropocene yet their interactive effects are largely unknown. Here, we show that massive calcareous reefs, built slowly by the alga Clathromorphum nereostratum over centuries to millennia, are now declining because of the emerging interplay between these two processes. Such reefs, the structural base of Aleutian kelp forests, are rapidly eroding because of overgrazing by herbivores. Historical reconstructions and experiments reveal that overgrazing was initiated by the loss of sea otters, Enhydra lutris (which gave rise to herbivores capable of causing bioerosion), and then accelerated with ocean warming and acidification (which increased per capita lethal grazing by 34 to 60% compared with preindustrial times). Thus, keystone predators can mediate the ways in which climate effects emerge in nature and the pace with which they alter ecosystems.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.aav7515","usgsCitation":"Rasher, D.B., Stenek, R.S., Halfar, J., Kroeker, K.J., Ries, J.B., Tinker, M., Chan, P.T., Fietzke, J., Kamenos, N., Konar, B.H., Lefcheck, J., Norley, C.J., Weitzman, B., Westfield, I.T., and Estes, J.A., 2020, Keystone predators govern the pathway and pace of climate impacts in a subarctic marine ecosystem: Science, v. 369, no. 6509, p. 1351-1354, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aav7515.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1351","endPage":"1354","ipdsId":"IP-100982","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455346,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/224194/","text":"External Repository"},{"id":378562,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"369","issue":"6509","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rasher, Douglas B 0000-0002-0212-8070","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0212-8070","contributorId":240938,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rasher","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"B","affiliations":[{"id":7063,"text":"University of Maine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stenek, Robert S 0000-0001-6001-3653","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6001-3653","contributorId":240940,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stenek","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"S","affiliations":[{"id":7063,"text":"University of Maine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Halfar, Jochen 0000-0003-4166-9395","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4166-9395","contributorId":240943,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Halfar","given":"Jochen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7044,"text":"University of Toronto","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kroeker, Kristy J 0000-0002-5766-1999","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5766-1999","contributorId":240945,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kroeker","given":"Kristy","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[{"id":36629,"text":"University of California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ries, Justin B. 0000-0001-8427-206X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8427-206X","contributorId":190128,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ries","given":"Justin","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tinker, M. Tim 0000-0002-3314-839X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3314-839X","contributorId":214291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tinker","given":"M. Tim","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Chan, Phoebe T W 0000-0003-2453-0818","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2453-0818","contributorId":240950,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chan","given":"Phoebe","email":"","middleInitial":"T W","affiliations":[{"id":48168,"text":"Univerisity of California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Fietzke, J 0000-0002-5530-7208","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5530-7208","contributorId":240951,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fietzke","given":"J","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13697,"text":"GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kamenos, Nicolas 0000-0003-3434-0807","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3434-0807","contributorId":240952,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kamenos","given":"Nicolas","affiliations":[{"id":12473,"text":"University of Glasgow","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Konar, Brenda H. 0000-0002-8998-1612","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8998-1612","contributorId":200787,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Konar","given":"Brenda","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Lefcheck, Jonathan S. 0000-0002-8787-1786","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8787-1786","contributorId":205448,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lefcheck","given":"Jonathan S.","affiliations":[{"id":37107,"text":"Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Science, East Boothbay, ME","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Norley, Christopher J D 0000-0001-8891-3434","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8891-3434","contributorId":240953,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Norley","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"J D","affiliations":[{"id":13255,"text":"University of Western Ontario","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Weitzman, Ben 0000-0001-7559-3654","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7559-3654","contributorId":214292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weitzman","given":"Ben","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Westfield, Isaac T","contributorId":240954,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Westfield","given":"Isaac","email":"","middleInitial":"T","affiliations":[{"id":38331,"text":"Northeastern University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Estes, James A. 0000-0002-3632-4555 jim_estes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3632-4555","contributorId":240955,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Estes","given":"James","email":"jim_estes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":36629,"text":"University of California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}} ,{"id":70220321,"text":"70220321 - 2020 - Lead speciation, bioaccessibility and source attribution in Missouri's Big River watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-06T11:47:35.150072","indexId":"70220321","displayToPublicDate":"2020-09-11T06:43:35","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lead speciation, bioaccessibility and source attribution in Missouri's Big River watershed","docAbstract":"The Southeast Missouri Lead District is among the most productive lead deposits exploited in modern times. Intensive mining conducted prior to regulations resulted in a legacy of lead contaminated soil, large piles of mine tailings and elevated childhood blood lead levels. This study seeks to identify the source of the lead contamination in the Big River and inform risk to the public. Isotopic analysis indicated the mine tailing piles at the head of the Big River are the primary source of the lead contamination. The isotopic signature of the lead in these mine tailings matched the lead over 100 km downstream. All of the other potential lead sources investigated had different isotopic signatures. Lead concentrations in soils and sediments decrease with distance downstream of the mine tailings piles. Additionally, the speciation of the lead changes from predominantly mineralized forms, such as galena, to adsorbed lead. This is reflected in the in-vitro bioaccessibility assay (IVBA) analysis which shows higher bioaccessibility further downstream, demonstrating the importance of speciation in risk evaluation.
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U.S. Geological Survey
47914 252d Street
Sioux Falls, SD 57198
Using a geology-based assessment methodology, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated undiscovered, technically recoverable mean resources of 512 billion cubic feet of gas in the Upper Jurassic–Neogene Total Petroleum System of the Sacramento Basin Province in California.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20203036","usgsCitation":"Schenk, C.J., Mercier, T.J., Tennyson, M.E., Woodall, C.A., Marra, K.R., Leathers-Miller, H.M., and Le, P.A., 2020, Assessment of undiscovered gas resources of the Sacramento Basin Province in California, 2019: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2020–3036, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20203036.","productDescription":"Report: 4 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-111438","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":378187,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9DV3EZN","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"USGS National and Global Oil and Gas Assessment Project - Sacramento Basin, Conventional and Continuous Assessment Unit Boundaries and Assessment Input Data Forms"},{"id":378186,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2020/3036/fs20203036.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.32 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2020-3036"},{"id":378185,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2020/3036/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.981689453125,\n 37.61423141542417\n ],\n [\n -120.498046875,\n 39.01064750994083\n ],\n [\n -121.51977539062499,\n 39.825413103424786\n ],\n [\n -121.871337890625,\n 40.3130432088809\n ],\n [\n -121.97021484374999,\n 40.805493843894155\n ],\n [\n -122.6953125,\n 40.622291783092706\n ],\n [\n -122.958984375,\n 40.36328834091583\n ],\n [\n -122.51953124999999,\n 39.884450178234395\n ],\n [\n -122.59643554687499,\n 39.30029918615029\n ],\n [\n -122.091064453125,\n 38.66835610151506\n ],\n [\n -121.58569335937501,\n 37.97884504049713\n ],\n [\n -121.22314453124999,\n 37.640334898059486\n ],\n [\n -120.95947265624999,\n 37.448696585910376\n ],\n [\n -119.981689453125,\n 37.61423141542417\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Central Energy Resources Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-939
Denver, CO 80225-0046
Natural reproduction of pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus has been limited for decades and a recruitment bottleneck is hypothesized to occur during the larval stage of development. In this study, we evaluated the effects of water velocity and temperature on the swimming activity, energy use, settling behaviour and mortality of endogenously feeding larvae. The swimming activity of drifting sturgeon larvae (i.e., fish exhibiting negative rheotaxis) increased at low water velocity. In subsequent experiments, we observed greater energy depletion and resultant mortality of larvae in no-flow environments (0 cm s−1) compared to tanks with water velocity ranging from 3.5 to 8.3 cm s−1. The growth rate of drifting larvae was positively related to water temperature (18.7–23.3°C), but reduced growth rate at low water temperature (18.7°C) resulted in protracted development that extended average drift duration by ~4 days compared to larvae reared at 23.3°C. This study provides evidence that cooler summer water temperatures, characteristic of present-day conditions in the upper Missouri River, can reduce larval development and extend both the drift duration and distance requirements of S. albus. Moreover, if dispersed into low velocity environments, such as in reservoir headwaters, larvae may experience increased mortality owing to a mismatch between early life stage drift requirements and habitat conditions in the river. Manipulation of water releases to increase seasonal water temperature below dams may aid survival of S. albus larvae by shortening the time and distance spent drifting.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jfb.14532","usgsCitation":"Mrnak, J.T., Heironimus, L., James, D., and Chipps, S.R., 2020, Effect of water velocity and temperature on energy use, behaviour and mortality of pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus larvae: Journal of Fish Biology, v. 97, no. 6, p. 1690-1700, https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.14532.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1690","endPage":"1700","ipdsId":"IP-115757","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455351,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1804961","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":395772,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"97","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-10-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mrnak, Joseph T.","contributorId":275764,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mrnak","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":7122,"text":"University of Wisconsin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heironimus, Laura B.","contributorId":275765,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heironimus","given":"Laura B.","affiliations":[{"id":12438,"text":"Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"James, Daniel A.","contributorId":275768,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"James","given":"Daniel A.","affiliations":[{"id":12428,"text":"U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chipps, Steven R. 0000-0001-6511-7582 steve_chipps@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6511-7582","contributorId":2243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chipps","given":"Steven","email":"steve_chipps@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":834269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70214559,"text":"70214559 - 2020 - Relative toxicity and sublethal effects of NaCl and energy-related saline wastewaters on prairie amphibians","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-30T14:35:04.610879","indexId":"70214559","displayToPublicDate":"2020-09-10T09:32:04","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":874,"text":"Aquatic Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relative toxicity and sublethal effects of NaCl and energy-related saline wastewaters on prairie amphibians","docAbstract":"Increasing salinity in freshwater environments is a growing problem due both to the negative influences of salts on ecosystems and their accumulation and persistence in environments. Two major sources of increased salinity from sodium chloride salts (NaCl) are saline wastewaters co-produced during energy production (herein, wastewaters) and road salts. Effects of road salts have received more attention, but legacy contamination from wastewaters is widespread in some regions and spills still occur. Amphibians are sensitive to contaminants, including NaCl, because of their porous skin and osmoregulatory adaptations to freshwater. However, similarities and differences between effects of wastewaters and road salts have not been investigated. Therefore, we investigated the relative influence of wastewaters and NaCl at equivalent concentrations of chloride on three larval amphibian species that occur in areas with increased salinity. We determined acute toxicity and growth effects on Boreal Chorus Frogs (Pseudacris maculata), Northern Leopard Frogs (Rana pipiens), and Barred Tiger Salamanders (Ambystoma mavortium). We posited that wastewaters would have additive effects on amphibians compared to NaCl because wastewaters often have additional toxic heavy metals and other contaminants. For NaCl, toxicity was higher for frogs than the salamander. Toxicity of wastewaters was also similar between chorus and leopard frogs. Only chorus frog survival was lower when exposed to wastewater compared to NaCl. Mass and length of leopard and chorus frog larvae decreased with increasing salinity after only 96 hours of exposure but did not for tiger salamanders. Size of leopard frogs was lower when exposed to NaCl compared to wastewater. However, growth effects were similar between wastewater and NaCl for chorus frogs. Taken together, our results suggest that previous studies on effects of road salt could inform future studies and management of wastewater-contaminated ecosystems, and vice versa. Nevertheless, effects of road salts and wastewaters may be context-, species-, and trait-specific and require further investigations. The negative influence of salts on imperiled amphibians underscores the need to restore landscapes with increased salinity and reduce future salinization of freshwater ecosystems.
Hydroacoustic surveys using hull-mounted down-looking transducers are useful for estimating pelagic fish densities; however, this method may miss shallow fish owing to the acoustic surface dead zone and vessel avoidance. Our objective was to compare pelagic fish density estimates acquired by a traditional down-looking acoustic survey to estimates obtained by a new multi-directional-towed sled capable of sampling the entire water column using upward-, sideways-, and downward-aimed transducers simultaneously. We deployed both systems concurrently in the western arm of Lake Superior during a period of stable stratification. We found the two survey approaches provided significantly different estimates of fish density in the upper water column layer (~4–9 m below the lake surface) with the sled up-looking transducer providing 56 times higher densities compared to the traditional ship down-looking method. Densities also varied significantly in the 9–14 m layer where densities were 6.2 times higher in the sled survey. Midwater trawl sampling indicated that cisco (Coregonus artedi) and rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) were the predominant species occupying the uppermost 14 m of the water column. The two acoustic approaches provided similar results at water column depths >14 m where rainbow smelt and kiyi (Coregonus kiyi) were predominant. Overall, the sled-based method estimates were, on average, 2.5 times higher for the whole water column. Our findings show that the new sled can reduce bias by better sampling the surface dead zone leading to more accurate estimation of pelagic fish densities for both management and research.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2020.08.010","usgsCitation":"Grow, R.C., Hrabik, T.R., Yule, D., Matthias, B.G., Myers, J., and Abel, C., 2020, Spatial and vertical bias in down-looking ship-based acoustic estimates of fish density in Lake Superior: Lessons learned from multi-directional acoustics: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 46, no. 6, p. 1639-1649, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2020.08.010.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1639","endPage":"1649","ipdsId":"IP-114549","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":378452,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Superior","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.0654296875,\n 46.758679967095574\n ],\n [\n -91.95556640625,\n 46.702202151643455\n ],\n [\n -91.62597656249999,\n 46.773730730079386\n ],\n [\n -91.1590576171875,\n 46.9052455464292\n ],\n [\n -90.85693359375,\n 46.97275640318636\n ],\n [\n -90.7745361328125,\n 46.95401192579361\n ],\n [\n -90.703125,\n 46.852678248531106\n ],\n [\n -90.8184814453125,\n 46.73609593770121\n ],\n [\n -90.87890625,\n 46.61548796222358\n ],\n [\n -90.692138671875,\n 46.694667307773116\n ],\n [\n -90.46142578125,\n 46.60039303734547\n ],\n [\n -90.164794921875,\n 46.67582559793001\n ],\n [\n -89.8077392578125,\n 46.84140712700584\n ],\n [\n -89.4342041015625,\n 46.87145819560722\n ],\n [\n -89.14306640625,\n 47.017716353979225\n ],\n [\n -88.9892578125,\n 47.025206001585396\n ],\n [\n -88.78051757812499,\n 47.19344533938292\n ],\n [\n -88.5498046875,\n 47.30903424774781\n ],\n [\n -88.4014892578125,\n 47.409502941311075\n ],\n [\n -88.165283203125,\n 47.491224888201955\n ],\n [\n -87.791748046875,\n 47.51349065484327\n ],\n [\n -87.681884765625,\n 47.4355191531953\n ],\n [\n -87.703857421875,\n 47.364873807434094\n ],\n [\n -87.9180908203125,\n 47.36115300722623\n ],\n [\n -87.91259765625,\n 47.327653995607115\n ],\n [\n -88.1927490234375,\n 47.15984001304432\n ],\n [\n -88.4124755859375,\n 46.93526088057719\n ],\n [\n -88.4564208984375,\n 46.837649560937464\n ],\n [\n -88.17626953125,\n 47.00647991252098\n ],\n [\n -87.659912109375,\n 46.89398546092549\n ],\n [\n -87.34130859375,\n 46.581518465658014\n ],\n [\n -87.2314453125,\n 46.51351558059737\n ],\n [\n -86.923828125,\n 46.55130547880643\n ],\n [\n -86.824951171875,\n 46.43407119942979\n ],\n [\n -86.693115234375,\n 46.57019056757178\n ],\n [\n -86.5997314453125,\n 46.57774276255591\n ],\n [\n -86.55029296875,\n 46.5172957536981\n ],\n [\n -86.1163330078125,\n 46.73609593770121\n ],\n [\n -85.5230712890625,\n 46.721034661295676\n ],\n [\n -84.9847412109375,\n 46.807579571992385\n ],\n [\n -84.9188232421875,\n 46.781254534638606\n ],\n [\n -84.990234375,\n 46.69843486113957\n ],\n [\n -85.001220703125,\n 46.521075663842865\n ],\n [\n -84.8089599609375,\n 46.475699386607516\n ],\n [\n -84.693603515625,\n 46.51351558059737\n ],\n [\n -84.6112060546875,\n 46.51351558059737\n ],\n [\n -84.6112060546875,\n 46.57019056757178\n ],\n [\n -84.5123291015625,\n 46.66828707388311\n ],\n [\n -84.6441650390625,\n 46.68336307047754\n ],\n [\n -84.605712890625,\n 46.837649560937464\n ],\n [\n -84.7210693359375,\n 46.93526088057719\n ],\n [\n -84.8638916015625,\n 46.99524110694593\n ],\n [\n -84.66064453125,\n 47.30903424774781\n ],\n [\n -85.089111328125,\n 47.58023129789275\n ],\n [\n -84.91333007812499,\n 47.931066347509784\n ],\n [\n -85.3857421875,\n 47.90529605906089\n ],\n [\n -85.97351074218749,\n 47.98624517426206\n ],\n [\n -86.46240234375,\n 48.68733411186308\n ],\n [\n -87.022705078125,\n 48.7453232421382\n ],\n [\n -87.703857421875,\n 48.70908786918211\n ],\n [\n -88.17626953125,\n 48.58932584966975\n ],\n [\n -88.890380859375,\n 48.27953734226008\n ],\n [\n -89.285888671875,\n 48.122101028190805\n ],\n [\n -89.5660400390625,\n 47.94946583788702\n ],\n [\n -90.2197265625,\n 47.724544549099676\n ],\n [\n -90.6317138671875,\n 47.635783590864854\n ],\n [\n -91.109619140625,\n 47.33510005753559\n ],\n [\n -91.5765380859375,\n 47.025206001585396\n ],\n [\n -92.0654296875,\n 46.758679967095574\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"46","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grow, Ryan C","contributorId":240742,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grow","given":"Ryan","email":"","middleInitial":"C","affiliations":[{"id":6915,"text":"University of Minnesota - Duluth","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hrabik, Thomas R.","contributorId":35614,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hrabik","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6915,"text":"University of Minnesota - Duluth","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yule, Daniel 0000-0002-0117-5115 dyule@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0117-5115","contributorId":139532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yule","given":"Daniel","email":"dyule@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":798911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Matthias, Bryan G.","contributorId":240763,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Matthias","given":"Bryan","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":798912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Myers, Jared T. 0009-0004-9362-8792","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9362-8792","contributorId":44055,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Myers","given":"Jared T.","affiliations":[{"id":6596,"text":"Quantitative Fisheries Center, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Abel, Chad","contributorId":240745,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Abel","given":"Chad","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48137,"text":"Red Cliff Band of Lake Superior Chippewa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70215761,"text":"70215761 - 2020 - Habitat use by tiger prey in Thailand’s Western Forest Complex: What will it take to fill a half-full tiger landscape?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-29T12:56:30.154835","indexId":"70215761","displayToPublicDate":"2020-09-10T07:53:25","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2142,"text":"Journal for Nature Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat use by tiger prey in Thailand’s Western Forest Complex: What will it take to fill a half-full tiger landscape?","docAbstract":"Tiger populations are declining globally, and depletion of major ungulate prey is an important contributing factor. To better understand factors affecting prey distribution in Thailand’s Western Forest Complex (WEFCOM), we conducted sign surveys for gaur (Bos gaurus), banteng (Bos javanicus), and sambar (Rusa unicolor) along 3517 1-km transects and used occupancy models to identify important covariates associated with habitat use by each species. Habitat use by both gaur and sambar was lowest in areas closest to human settlements, although sambar preferred lower slopes near streams whereas gaur preferred steeper slopes at higher elevations. Banteng were found in only one of 17 protected areas (Huai Kha Khaeng [HKK] Wildlife Sanctuary), where they used low elevations and low slopes. We used these modeled relationships to predict occurrence of gaur, sambar, and banteng across each square km of the 19,000 km2 WEFCOM landscape, using > 60 % occupancy probability to define suitable habitat use for each species. Based on this criterion, gaur and sambar occupied 28 and 50 % of suitable habitat in WEFCOM, and banteng occupied 57 % of suitable habitat in HKK. We used our models to assess the effectiveness of two hypothetical conservation initiatives. First, we modeled the impact of decreasing human activities around nine villages in the core of WEFCOM, which increased predicted suitable habitat in WEFCOM to 68 and 75 % for guar and sambar. We also modeled the extent of potential banteng habitat that still remains in the other 16 protected areas. This could result in a 4-fold increase in banteng suitable habitat in WEFCOM. This is the first study to use occupancy surveys to determine where large prey species can be restored to support management to increase the distribution of tigers, and potentially fill a half-full tiger landscape.
Interest in gut microbial community composition has exploded recently as a result of the increasing ability to characterize these organisms and a growing understanding of their role in host fitness. New technologies, such as next generation amplicon (16S rRNA) sequencing, have enabled identification of bacterial communities from samples of diverse origin (e.g., fecal, skin, genital, environmental, etc.). Relatively little work, however, has explored the feasibility of utilizing historical samples (e.g., museum archived samples) of varying age, quality, and preservation type. Because natural history collections span multiple decades, these biorepositories have the potential to provide fundamental historical baselines to measure and better understand biodiversity on a changing planet. Utilizing even a small proportion of museum specimens could provide a means of sampling past microbial communities, allowing for direct comparison to contemporary communities and more complete understanding of dynamic shifts through time. We examined the feasibility of obtaining 16S rRNA amplicon microbiome data from whole gastrointestinal tracts (GIs) of shrews of varying age and preservation method, including 5 freshly collected shrew GIs immediately fixed in liquid nitrogen (LN2), 10 ten-year old shrew GIs frozen at −20°C (whole animal), and 10 shrews of varying ages (4 from 1968, 1 from 1980, 1 from 2001, 1 from 2004, 1 from 2007, 1 from 2011 and 2 from 2013) fixed and stored whole in 70% ethanol. Not surprisingly, results of 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing reveal significantly different bacterial communities between different preservation techniques and age of samples. Ten-year old frozen samples had bacterial communities most similar to freshly collected (LN2) samples, while the bacterial communities of both were significantly different from the 70% ethanol preserved samples of various ages. Amongst those preserved in 70% ethanol, age of samples also influenced bacterial community composition. Additionally, we compare results of OTU based and ASV based analyses. Looking ahead, field collectors and museums should develop and adopt best practices related to frozen preservation to ensure adequate material for future microbiome investigations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers Media","doi":"10.3389/fevo.2020.555386","usgsCitation":"Greiman, S.E., Cook, J.A., Odem, T., Cranmer, K., Liphardt, S.W., Menning, D.M., Sonsthagen, S.A., and Talbot, S.L., 2020, Microbiomes from biorepositories? 16S rRNA bacterial amplicon sequencing of archived and contemporary intestinal samples of wild mammals (Eulipotyphla: Soricidae): Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, v. 8, 555386, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2020.555386.","productDescription":"555386, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-115776","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455360,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2020.555386","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":378561,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-09-10","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Greiman, Stephen E.","contributorId":190336,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Greiman","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cook, Joseph A.","contributorId":8323,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cook","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7000,"text":"Department of Biology, University of New Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Odem, Timothy","contributorId":240956,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Odem","given":"Timothy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48171,"text":"Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cranmer, Katelyn","contributorId":240957,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cranmer","given":"Katelyn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48171,"text":"Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Liphardt, Schuyler W","contributorId":240958,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liphardt","given":"Schuyler","email":"","middleInitial":"W","affiliations":[{"id":48173,"text":"Museum of Southwest Biology, University of New Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Menning, Damian M. 0000-0003-3547-3062 dmenning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3547-3062","contributorId":205131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Menning","given":"Damian","email":"dmenning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sonsthagen, Sarah A. 0000-0001-6215-5874 ssonsthagen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6215-5874","contributorId":3711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sonsthagen","given":"Sarah","email":"ssonsthagen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Talbot, Sandra L. 0000-0002-3312-7214 stalbot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3312-7214","contributorId":140512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbot","given":"Sandra","email":"stalbot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70224750,"text":"70224750 - 2020 - Seismic analysis of the 2020 Magna, Utah, earthquake sequence: Evidence for a listric Wasatch fault","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-04T12:21:18.295225","indexId":"70224750","displayToPublicDate":"2020-09-10T07:17:20","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic analysis of the 2020 Magna, Utah, earthquake sequence: Evidence for a listric Wasatch fault","docAbstract":"The 18 March 2020 Mw 5.7 Magna earthquake near Salt Lake City, Utah, offers a rare glimpse into the subsurface geometry of the Wasatch fault system—one of the world's longest active normal faults and a major source of seismic hazard in northern Utah. We analyze the Magna earthquake sequence and resolve oblique-normal slip on a shallow (30–35°) west-dipping fault at ~9- to 12-km depth. Combined with near-surface geological observations of steep dip (~70°), our results support a curved, or listric, fault shape. High-precision aftershock locations show the activation of multiple, low-angle (<30–35°) structures, indicating the existence of a complicated fault system. Our observations constrain the deep structure of the Wasatch fault system and suggest that ground shaking in the Salt Lake City region in future Wasatch fault earthquakes may be higher than previously estimated.
This Fact Sheet describes post-earthquake products and tools provided by the Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS) through the U.S. Geological Survey Earthquake Hazards Program. The focus is on products that provide situational awareness immediately after significant earthquakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20203042","usgsCitation":"Wald, L.A., 2020, Earthquake information products and tools from the Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2020–3042, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20203042.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":378221,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2020/3042/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":378222,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2020/3042/fs20203042.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.79 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2020-3042"}],"contact":"Director, Geologic Hazards Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-966
Denver, CO 80225-0046
Burbot Lota lota were illegally introduced to the Green River, Wyoming, in the mid-1990s and pose a threat to recreational fisheries and native fish conservation. Although much is known about Burbot population dynamics, little is known about their movement patterns. Our objectives were to describe the movement dynamics of Burbot in the upper Green River system to provide information on the ecology of Burbot and insight on possible management actions. In total, 875 Burbot were tagged with PIT tags in the upper Green River and Fontenelle Reservoir; their movements were tracked from August 2016 to March 2018. Additionally, 22 Burbot were tagged with radio transmitters in Fontenelle Reservoir in November 2017, and 13 Burbot were tagged with radio transmitters in the upper Green River in November 2018. Of these fish, 11 Burbot tagged in Fontenelle Reservoir and all river-tagged Burbot were tracked as they migrated into the Green River and associated tributaries during the spawning season. Upstream and downstream movements of Burbot tagged with PIT tags in Fontenelle Reservoir and the upper Green River peaked during December–January and were synchronized with river temperatures reaching 0°C. Of the total number of PIT-tagged Burbot, 10–15% of those tagged in Fontenelle Reservoir were detected in the Green River during the spawning season and 15% of those tagged in the Green River were detected moving downstream toward Fontenelle Reservoir during the spawning period. Movements of radiotelemetered Burbot were synchronized with river ice-up in mid-December. Maximum upstream distance traveled by adfluvial Burbot was 5.8 km. Fluvial Burbot primarily migrated downstream during the spawning period, and maximum downstream distance traveled was 17.7 km. Detection data suggest that both fluvial and adfluvial Burbot occupy the same reaches during the spawning period and areas near Fontenelle Reservoir are important for spawning. Results of this study will assist with the management of Burbot in this system by shedding light on Burbot movement patterns and identifying areas of high Burbot use for targeted suppression efforts. Results also contribute to our understanding of the variability in Burbot ecology.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/nafm.10480","usgsCitation":"Brauer, T., Quist, M.C., Rhea, D., Laughlin, T.W., and Waring, E., 2020, Movement dynamics of nonnative Burbot in the upper Green River system and implications for management: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 40, no. 5, p. 1161-1173, https://doi.org/10.1002/nafm.10480.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1161","endPage":"1173","ipdsId":"IP-098853","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":395711,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Fontenelle Reservoir, Green River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.40985107421875,\n 41.99113954535575\n ],\n [\n -109.64492797851562,\n 41.99113954535575\n ],\n [\n -109.64492797851562,\n 42.72280375732727\n ],\n [\n -110.40985107421875,\n 42.72280375732727\n ],\n [\n -110.40985107421875,\n 41.99113954535575\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"40","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-09-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brauer, Tucker A.","contributorId":275289,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brauer","given":"Tucker A.","affiliations":[{"id":39599,"text":"ui","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Quist, Michael C. 0000-0001-8268-1839","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8268-1839","contributorId":207142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quist","given":"Michael","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":833935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rhea, Darren T.","contributorId":275290,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rhea","given":"Darren T.","affiliations":[{"id":56757,"text":"wgfd","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Laughlin, Troy W.","contributorId":275237,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Laughlin","given":"Troy","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":54471,"text":"wyfg","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Waring, Erik","contributorId":275451,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Waring","given":"Erik","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":834079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70213048,"text":"70213048 - 2020 - Integrated borehole, radar, and seismic velocity analysis reveals dynamic spatial variations within a firn aquifer in southeast Greenland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-22T18:25:16.363054","indexId":"70213048","displayToPublicDate":"2020-09-09T12:14:28","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrated borehole, radar, and seismic velocity analysis reveals dynamic spatial variations within a firn aquifer in southeast Greenland","docAbstract":"Perennial water storage in firn aquifers has been observed within the lower percolation zone of the southeast Greenland ice sheet. Spatially distributed seismic and radar observations, made ~50 km upstream of the Helheim Glacier terminus, reveal spatial variations of seismic velocity within a firn aquifer. From 1.65 to 1.8 km elevation, shear‐wave velocity (Vs) is 1,290 ± 180 m/s in the unsaturated firn, decreasing below the water table (~15 m depth) to 1,130 ± 250 m/s. Below 1.65 km elevation, Vs in the saturated firn is 1,270 ± 220 m/s. The compressional‐to‐shear velocity ratio decreases in the downstream saturated zone, from 2.30 ± 0.54 to 2.01 ± 0.46, closer to its value for pure ice (2.00). Consistent with colocated firn cores, these results imply an increasing concentration of ice in the downstream sites, reducing the porosity and storage potential of the firn likely caused by episodic melt and freeze during the evolution of the aquifer.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2020GL089335","usgsCitation":"Killingbeck, S., Schmerr, N.C., Montgomery, L.N., Booth, A.D., Livermore, P.W., Guandique, J., Miller, O.L., Burdick, S., Forster, R.R., Koenig, L.S., Legchenko, A., Ligtenberg, S., Miege, C., Solomon, D.K., and West, L.J., 2020, Integrated borehole, radar, and seismic velocity analysis reveals dynamic spatial variations within a firn aquifer in southeast Greenland: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 47, no. 18, e2020GL089335, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL089335.","productDescription":"e2020GL089335, 10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-119458","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455364,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2020gl089335","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":382507,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Greenland","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -44.351806640625,\n 65.79827293622165\n ],\n [\n -37.562255859375,\n 65.79827293622165\n ],\n [\n -37.562255859375,\n 67.22105296735408\n ],\n [\n -44.351806640625,\n 67.22105296735408\n ],\n [\n -44.351806640625,\n 65.79827293622165\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"47","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-09-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Killingbeck, Siobhan","contributorId":239900,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Killingbeck","given":"Siobhan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13344,"text":"University of Leeds","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmerr, N. C.","contributorId":248294,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmerr","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Montgomery, L. N.","contributorId":248295,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Montgomery","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Booth, A. D.","contributorId":248296,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Booth","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Livermore, P. W.","contributorId":248297,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Livermore","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Miller, Olivia L. 0000-0002-8846-7048","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8846-7048","contributorId":219231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Olivia","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":798075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Guandique, J.","contributorId":248298,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guandique","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Burdick, S.","contributorId":248299,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burdick","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Forster, R. R.","contributorId":248300,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Forster","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Koenig, L. S.","contributorId":248301,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koenig","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Legchenko, Anatoly","contributorId":61107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Legchenko","given":"Anatoly","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Ligtenberg, S. R. M.","contributorId":248302,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ligtenberg","given":"S. R. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Miege, C.","contributorId":248303,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miege","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Solomon, D. K.","contributorId":98324,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Solomon","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"West, L. J.","contributorId":248304,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"West","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}} ,{"id":70212997,"text":"pp1842V - 2020 - The effects of management practices on grassland birds—Sedge Wren (Cistothorus stellaris)","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70212997,"text":"pp1842V - 2020 - The effects of management practices on grassland birds—Sedge Wren (Cistothorus stellaris)","indexId":"pp1842V","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"chapter":"V","displayTitle":"The Effects of Management Practices on Grassland Birds—Sedge Wren (Cistothorus stellaris)","title":"The effects of management practices on grassland birds—Sedge Wren (Cistothorus stellaris)"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70203022,"text":"pp1842 - 2019 - The effects of management practices on grassland birds","indexId":"pp1842","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"title":"The effects of management practices on grassland birds"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70203022,"text":"pp1842 - 2019 - The effects of management practices on grassland birds","indexId":"pp1842","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"title":"The effects of management practices on grassland birds"},"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-20T21:23:14.672817","indexId":"pp1842V","displayToPublicDate":"2020-09-09T10:42:32","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1842","chapter":"V","displayTitle":"The Effects of Management Practices on Grassland Birds—Sedge Wren (Cistothorus stellaris)","title":"The effects of management practices on grassland birds—Sedge Wren (Cistothorus stellaris)","docAbstract":"Keys to Sedge Wren (Cistothorus stellaris) management include providing tall, dense grasslands with moderate forb coverage and minimizing disturbances during the breeding season. Sedge Wrens have been reported to use habitats with 30–166 centimeters (cm) average vegetation height, 8–80 cm visual obstruction reading, 15–75 percent grass cover, 3–78 percent forb cover, less than or equal to (≤) 15 percent shrub cover, less than (<) 35 percent bare ground, 10–30 percent litter cover, and ≤6 cm litter depth.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1842V","usgsCitation":"Shaffer, J.A., Igl, L.D., Johnson, D.H., Sondreal, M.L., Goldade, C.M., Parkin, B.D., Wooten, T.L., and Euliss, B.R., 2020, The effects of management practices on grassland birds—Sedge Wren (Cistothorus stellaris) (ver. 1.1, July 2022), chap. V of Johnson, D.H., Igl, L.D., Shaffer, J.A., and DeLong, J.P., eds., The effects of management practices on grassland birds: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1842, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1842V.","productDescription":"iv, 21 p.","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-096507","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":403250,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1842/v/versionHist.txt","size":"1 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":378134,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1842/v/pp1842v.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.15 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"PP 1842–V"},{"id":378133,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1842/v/coverthb2.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.0: September 9, 2020; Version 1.1: July 8, 2022","contact":"Director, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
8711 37th Street Southeast
Jamestown, ND 58401
The key to Lesser Prairie-Chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) management is maintaining expansive sand shinnery oak (Quercus havardii) or sand sagebrush (Artemisia filifolia) grasslands. Within these grasslands, areas should contain short herbaceous cover for lek sites (that is, an area where male prairie-chickens gather to engage in courtship displays to attract mates); shrubs or tall residual grasses for nesting; and areas with about 25 percent canopy cover of shrubs, forbs, or grasses 25–30 centimeters (cm) tall for brood rearing. Historically, the Lesser Prairie-Chicken was considered a gamebird that was hunted throughout its range. In response to low population levels and considerations related to listing the species as State or Federally threatened, recreational hunting seasons currently are closed throughout the species’ range. This account does not address harvest or its effects on populations but instead focuses on the effects of habitat management. Lesser Prairie-Chickens have been reported to use habitats with less than or equal to (≤) 600 cm average vegetation height (including shrubs), ≤70 cm visual obstruction reading, 4–78 percent grass cover, ≤30 percent forb cover, ≤66 percent shrub cover, 3–61 percent bare ground, 2–58 percent litter cover, and ≤3 cm litter depth.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1842D","usgsCitation":"Jamison, B.E., Igl, L.D., Shaffer, J.A., Johnson, D.H., Goldade, C.M., and Euliss, B.R., 2020, The effects of management practices on grassland birds—Lesser Prairie-Chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus), chap. D of Johnson, D.H., Igl, L.D., Shaffer, J.A., and DeLong, J.P., eds., The effects of management practices on grassland birds: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1842, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1842D.","productDescription":"v, 36 p.","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-095221","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":378136,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1842/d/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":378137,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1842/d/pp1842d.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.15 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"PP 1842–D"}],"contact":"Director, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
8711 37th Street Southeast
Jamestown, ND 58401
Coastal marshes and their valuable ecosystem services are feared to be lost by sea level rise, yet the mechanisms of marsh degradation into ponds and potential recovery are poorly understood. We quantified and analyzed elevations of marsh surfaces and pond bottoms along a marsh loss gradient (Blackwater River, Maryland, USA). Our analyses show that ponds deepen with increasing tidal channel width connecting the ponds to the river, indicating a new feedback mechanism where channels lead to enhanced tidal export of pond bottom material. Pond elevations also decrease with increasing pond size, consistent with previous work identifying a positive feedback between wind wave erosion and pond size. These two positive feedbacks, combined with bimodal elevation distributions and sharp topographic boundaries between interior ponds and the marsh platform, indicate alternative elevation states and imply that marsh loss by pond formation is nearly irreversible once pond deepening exceeds a critical level.
Distant tsunamis require short-notice evacuations in coastal communities to minimize threats to life safety. Given the available time to evacuate and potential distances out of hazard zones, coastal transportation planners and emergency managers can expect large proportions of populations to evacuate using vehicles. A community-wide, short-notice, distant-tsunami evacuation is challenging because it creates a sudden, significant, and concentrated demand on road-network systems. Transportation planners and emergency managers need methods to help them determine if a road network can handle an evacuation surge and if not, where interventions can best reduce overall clearance times. We use the coastal community of Bay Farm Island (City of Alameda, California, USA) and the distant-tsunami threat posed by Aleutian-Alaskan earthquakes as a case study to explore the use of agent-based, transportation simulation to support short-notice, tsunami-evacuation planning. Results demonstrate how vehicle simulation can characterize network performance during a tsunami evacuation in the absence of real-world measurements of vehicle demand and flow. Changes in vehicle demand had the greatest influence on reductions in clearance times and recommended reductions varied based on time of day. Doubling the capacity of certain road segments based on traditional vehicle-capacity ratios and level-of-service thresholds reduced overall clearance time in some cases but increased it in other cases. The proposed simulation approach can serve as an analytical foundation for future efforts to characterize distant-tsunami evacuations in other coastal communities throughout the world.
Ontogenetic shifts represent important transitions that can influence how fish interact with their environment. However, ontogenetic shifts are rarely placed into a population context due to the difficulty of incorporating the vagaries of size-mediated interactions. As such, we evaluated the role of ontogenetic shifts in diet as they relate to potential competitive interactions between kokanee Oncorhynchus nerka and Opossum Shrimp Mysis diluviana (hereafter Mysis) in Lake Pend Oreille, Idaho. Contemporary data were used to understand diet patterns of Mysis and kokanee. Historical data were evaluated within the context of ontogenetic shifts to better understand the long-term, population-level ramifications of interactions between Mysis and kokanee. Diet analysis revealed age-specific divergences in diet whereby juvenile kokanee primarily consumed copepods and adult kokanee preferentially consumed cladocerans. When placed in a historical context, age-specific patterns in kokanee diet likely led to increases in adult growth following declines in Mysis abundance. Improved fitness of adult fish likely resulted in record high abundances of kokanee in Lake Pend Oreille thereby shifting the balance from inter- to intraspecific competition.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10750-020-04363-2","usgsCitation":"Klein, Z.B., Quist, M., Dux, A.M., and Corsi, M.P., 2020, Ontogenetic diet shifts with potential ramifications for resource competition in a kokanee – Mysis diluviana system, v. 847, p. 3951-3966, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-020-04363-2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"3951","endPage":"3966","ipdsId":"IP-107682","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":393743,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Lake Pend Oreille","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.67205810546874,\n 47.916342040161155\n ],\n [\n -116.16943359374999,\n 47.916342040161155\n ],\n [\n -116.16943359374999,\n 48.35442390123028\n ],\n [\n -116.67205810546874,\n 48.35442390123028\n ],\n [\n -116.67205810546874,\n 47.916342040161155\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"847","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-09-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klein, Zachary B.","contributorId":171709,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Klein","given":"Zachary","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":829807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Quist, Michael C. 0000-0001-8268-1839","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8268-1839","contributorId":270713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quist","given":"Michael C.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":829806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dux, Andrew M.","contributorId":175256,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dux","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":829808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Corsi, Matthew P.","contributorId":212797,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Corsi","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":36224,"text":"Idaho Department of Fish and Game","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":829809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70213132,"text":"70213132 - 2020 - Influenza A viruses remain infectious for more than seven months in northern wetlands of North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-10T14:26:32.153618","indexId":"70213132","displayToPublicDate":"2020-09-09T09:21:24","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3174,"text":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influenza A viruses remain infectious for more than seven months in northern wetlands of North America","docAbstract":"In this investigation, we used a combination of field- and laboratory-based approaches to assess if influenza A viruses (IAVs) shed by ducks could remain viable for extended periods in surface water within three wetland complexes of North America. In a field experiment, replicate filtered surface water samples inoculated with duck swabs were tested for IAVs upon collection and again after an overwintering period of approximately 6–7 months. Numerous IAVs were molecularly detected and isolated from these samples, including replicates maintained at wetland field sites in Alaska and Minnesota for 181–229 days. In a parallel laboratory experiment, we attempted to culture IAVs from filtered surface water samples inoculated with duck swabs from Minnesota each month during September 2018–April 2019 and found monthly declines in viral viability. In an experimental challenge study, we found that IAVs maintained in filtered surface water within wetlands of Alaska and Minnesota for 214 and 226 days, respectively, were infectious in a mallard model. Collectively, our results support surface waters of northern wetlands as a biologically important medium in which IAVs may be both transmitted and maintained, potentially serving as an environmental reservoir for infectious IAVs during the overwintering period of migratory birds.
We present results from 30 quantitative degassing experiments of pressure core sections collected during The University of Texas-Gulf of Mexico 2-1 (UT-GOM2-1) Hydrate Pressure Coring Expedition at Green Canyon Block 955 in the deep-water Gulf of Mexico as part of The University of Texas at Austin–US Department of Energy Deepwater Methane Hydrate Characterization and Scientific Assessment. The hydrate saturation (Sh), the volume fraction of the pore space occupied by hydrate, is 79% to 93% within sandy silt beds (centimeters to meters in thickness) between 413 and 442 m below seafloor in 2032 m water depth. Sandy silt intervals are characterized by high compressional wave velocity (Vp) (2515–3012 m s−1) and are interbedded with clayey silt sections that have lower Sh (2%–35%) and lower Vp (1684–2023 m s−1). Clayey silt intervals are composed of thin laminae of silts with high Sh within clay-rich intervals containing little to no hydrate. Degassing of single-lithofacies sections reveals higher-resolution variation in Sh than is possible to observe in well logs; however, the average Sh of 64% through the reservoir is similar to well log estimates. Gas recovered from the hydrates during these experiments is composed almost entirely of methane (99.99% CH4, <100 ppm C2H6 on average), with an isotopic composition (δ13C: −60.4‰ and −63.6‰ Vienna Peedee belemnite and δ2H: −178.2‰ and −179.0‰ Vienna standard mean ocean water) that suggests the methane is primarily from a microbial source. A subset of six degassing experiments performed using very small pressure decrements indicates that the salinity within these samples is close to the average seawater concentration, suggesting that hydrate either formed slowly or formed during a rapid event at least tens of thousands of years before present.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG) Bulletin","doi":"10.1306/01062018280","usgsCitation":"Philips, S., Flemings, P., Holland, M., Schultheiss, P., Waite, W., Jang, J., Petrou, E., and Hammon, H., 2020, High concentration methane hydrate in a silt reservoir from the deep-water Gulf of Mexico: AAPG Bulletin, v. 104, no. 9, p. 1971-1995, https://doi.org/10.1306/01062018280.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"1971","endPage":"1995","ipdsId":"IP-104475","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":378271,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas, Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.1201171875,\n 30.183121842195515\n ],\n [\n -95.361328125,\n 29.84064389983441\n ],\n [\n -95.185546875,\n 29.267232865200878\n ],\n [\n -91.5380859375,\n 29.305561325527698\n ],\n [\n -93.1201171875,\n 30.183121842195515\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"104","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Philips, Stephen","contributorId":239916,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Philips","given":"Stephen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48044,"text":"Institute for Geophysics, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flemings, Peter","contributorId":198205,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Flemings","given":"Peter","affiliations":[{"id":13127,"text":"Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas, Austin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holland, Melanie","contributorId":239904,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holland","given":"Melanie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48040,"text":"Geotek Ltd","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schultheiss, Peter","contributorId":239913,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schultheiss","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48040,"text":"Geotek Ltd","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Waite, William F. 0000-0002-9436-4109 wwaite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9436-4109","contributorId":625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"William F.","email":"wwaite@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":798132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jang, Junbong 0000-0001-5500-7558 jjang@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5500-7558","contributorId":189400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jang","given":"Junbong","email":"jjang@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":798133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Petrou, Ethan","contributorId":239909,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petrou","given":"Ethan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48038,"text":"Institute for Geophysics and Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hammon, Helen","contributorId":239917,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hammon","given":"Helen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48044,"text":"Institute for Geophysics, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70213072,"text":"70213072 - 2020 - Pressure coring a Gulf of Mexico deep-water turbidite gas hydrate reservoir: Initial results from The University of Texas–Gulf of Mexico 2-1 (UT-GOM2-1) Hydrate Pressure Coring Expedition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-09T12:59:51.010478","indexId":"70213072","displayToPublicDate":"2020-09-09T07:49:08","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":605,"text":"AAPG Bulletin","printIssn":"0149-1423","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pressure coring a Gulf of Mexico deep-water turbidite gas hydrate reservoir: Initial results from The University of Texas–Gulf of Mexico 2-1 (UT-GOM2-1) Hydrate Pressure Coring Expedition","docAbstract":"The University of Texas Hydrate Pressure Coring Expedition (UT-GOM2-1) recovered cores at near in situ formation pressures from a gas hydrate reservoir composed of sandy silt and clayey silt beds in Green Canyon Block 955 in the deep-water Gulf of Mexico. The expedition results are synthesized and linked to other detailed analyses presented in this volume. Millimeter- to meter-scale beds of sandy silt and clayey silt are interbedded on the levee of a turbidite channel. The hydrate saturation (the volume fraction of the pore space occupied by hydrate) in the sandy silts ranges from 79% to 93%, and there is little to no hydrate in the clayey silt. Gas from the hydrates is composed of nearly pure methane (99.99%) with less than 400 ppm of ethane or heavier hydrocarbons. The δ13C values from the methane are depleted (−60‰ to −65‰ Vienna Peedee belemnite), and it is interpreted that the gases were largely generated by primary microbial methanogenesis but that low concentrations of propane or heavier hydrocarbons record at least trace thermogenic components. The in situ pore-water salinity is very close to that of seawater. This suggests that the excess salinity generated during hydrate formation diffused away because the hydrate formed slowly or because it formed long ago. Because the sandy silt deposits have high hydrate concentration and high intrinsic permeability, they may represent a class of reservoir that can be economically developed. Results from this expedition will inform a new generation of reservoir simulation models that will illuminate how these reservoirs might be best produced.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG) Bulletin","doi":"10.1306/05212019052","usgsCitation":"Flemings, P., Phillips, S., Boswell, R., Collett, T., Cook, A., Dong, T., Frye, M., Goldberg, D., Guerin, G., Holland, M., Jang, J., Meazell, K., Morrison, J., O’Connell, J., Petrou, E., Pettigrew, T., Polito, P., Portnov, A., Santra, M., Schultheiss, P., Seol, Y., Shedd, W., Solomon, E.S., Thomas, C., Waite, W., and You, K., 2020, Pressure coring a Gulf of Mexico deep-water turbidite gas hydrate reservoir: Initial results from The University of Texas–Gulf of Mexico 2-1 (UT-GOM2-1) Hydrate Pressure Coring Expedition: AAPG Bulletin, v. 104, no. 9, p. 1847-1876, https://doi.org/10.1306/05212019052.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"1847","endPage":"1876","ipdsId":"IP-105681","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science 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Carla","contributorId":239914,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomas","given":"Carla","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48038,"text":"Institute for Geophysics and Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Waite, William F. 0000-0002-9436-4109 wwaite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9436-4109","contributorId":625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"William F.","email":"wwaite@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":798126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"You, Kehua","contributorId":239915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"You","given":"Kehua","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48038,"text":"Institute for Geophysics and Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26}]}} ,{"id":70215088,"text":"70215088 - 2020 - Littoral sediment from rivers: Patterns, rates and processes of river mouth morphodynamics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-07T13:05:30.552744","indexId":"70215088","displayToPublicDate":"2020-09-09T07:46:31","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5232,"text":"Frontiers in Earth Science","onlineIssn":"2296-6463","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Littoral sediment from rivers: Patterns, rates and processes of river mouth morphodynamics","docAbstract":"Rivers provide important sediment inputs to many littoral cells, thereby replenishing sand and gravel of beaches around the world. However, there is limited information about the patterns and processes of littoral-grade sediment transfer from rivers into coastal systems. Here I address these information gaps by examining topographic and bathymetric data of river mouths and constructing sediment budgets to characterize time-dependent patterns of onshore, offshore, and alongshore transport. Two river deltas, which differ in their morphology, were used in this study: the Elwha River, Washington, which builds a mixed sediment Gilbert-style delta, and the Santa Clara River, California, which builds a cross-shore dispersed sand delta from hyperpycnal flows. During and after sediment discharge events, both systems exhibited a similar evolution composed of three phases: (i) submarine delta growth during offshore transport of river sediment, (ii) onshore-dominated transport from the submarine delta to a subaerial river mouth berm, and (iii) longshore-dominated transport away from the river mouth following subaerial berm development. Although stage (ii) occurred within days to weeks for the systems studied and was associated with the greatest rates of net erosion and deposition, onshore transport of sediment from submarine deposit to the beach persisted for years following the river discharge event. These morphodynamics were similar to simple equilibrium profile concepts that were modified with an onshore-dominated cross-shore transport rule. Additionally, both study sites revealed that littoral-grade sediment was initially exported to depths beyond the active littoral cell (i.e., below the depth of closure) during the stage (i). Following several years of reworking by coastal processes, bathymetric surveys suggested that 14 and 46% of the original volume of littoral-grade sediment discharged by the Santa Clara and Elwha Rivers, respectively, continued to be below the depth of closure. Combined, this suggests that integration of river sediment into a littoral cell can be a multi-year process and that the full volume of littoral-grade sediment discharged by small rivers may not be integrated into littoral cells because of sand and gravel “losses” to the continental shelf.
The Glen Canyon Group Aquifer (GCGA) is the sole source of public water supply for the city of Moab, Utah, a domestic and international tourist destination. Population and tourism growth are likely to target the GCGA for future water resources, but our analysis indicates that additional withdrawals would likely be sourced from groundwater storage and not be sustained by recharge. A quantitative estimate of groundwater discharge from the GCGA is problematic because the downgradient aquifer boundary is the Colorado River, and groundwater discharge to the river is very small compared to the river flow. A water budget based on a conceptual model of GCGA discharging into an adjacent alluvial Valley-Fill Aquifer (VFA) was reported by Sumsion (1971) and numerous subsequent studies have repeated and utilized this water budget. The GCGA contains stable isotopes, tritium, 3He/4He ratios, dissolved solids, and sulfate concentrations that contrast with the VFA, indicating it is instead recharged by local streams rather than from the GCGA. Water-budget calculations, based on: (1) measured spring discharge and streamflow gains, (2) horizontal gradients in VFA groundwater age, and (3) GCGA outcrop area vadose-zone pore waters are all less than previously thought. Using a lumped parameter model and 14C groundwater ages, we estimate recharge to the deeper GCGA (DGCGA) to be 4.2 ± 2.3 × 106 m3/yr, which is approximately equal to the measured discharge from wells and springs.