{"pageNumber":"585","pageRowStart":"14600","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68919,"records":[{"id":70057437,"text":"ofr20131213A - 2013 - Hyperspectral surface materials map of quadrangle 3570, Tagab-e-Munjan (505) and Asmar-Kamdesh (506) quadrangles, Afghanistan, showing carbonates, phyllosilicates, sulfates, altered minerals, and other materials","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-10T10:22:35","indexId":"ofr20131213A","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-10T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1213","chapter":"A","title":"Hyperspectral surface materials map of quadrangle 3570, Tagab-e-Munjan (505) and Asmar-Kamdesh (506) quadrangles, Afghanistan, showing carbonates, phyllosilicates, sulfates, altered minerals, and other materials","docAbstract":"<p>This map shows the spatial distribution of selected carbonates, phyllosilicates, sulfates, altered minerals, and other materials derived from analysis of airborne HyMap™ imaging spectrometer (hyperspectral) data of Afghanistan collected in late 2007. The map is one in a series of U.S. Geological Survey/Afghanistan Geological Survey quadrangle maps covering Afghanistan.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Flown at an altitude of 50,000 feet (15,240 meters (m)), the HyMap™ imaging spectrometer measured reflected sunlight in 128 channels, covering wavelengths between 0.4 and 2.5 μm. The data were georeferenced, atmospherically corrected and converted to apparent surface reflectance, empirically adjusted using ground-based reflectance measurements, and combined into a mosaic with 23-m pixel spacing. Variations in water vapor and dust content of the atmosphere, in solar angle, and in surface elevation complicated correction; therefore, some classification differences may be present between adjacent flight lines.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The reflectance spectrum of each pixel of HyMap™ imaging spectrometer data was compared to the reference materials in a spectral library of minerals, vegetation, water, and other materials. Minerals occurring abundantly at the surface and those having unique spectral features were easily detected and discriminated, while minerals having slightly different compositions but similar spectral features were less easily discriminated; thus, some map classes consist of several minerals having similar spectra, such as “Epidote or chlorite.” A designation of “Not classified” was assigned to the pixel when there was no match with reference spectra.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131213A","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Defense Task Force for Business and Stability Operations","usgsCitation":"Kokaly, R., King, T., Hoefen, T.M., Livo, K.E., Johnson, M., and Giles, S.A., 2013, Hyperspectral surface materials map of quadrangle 3570, Tagab-e-Munjan (505) and Asmar-Kamdesh (506) quadrangles, Afghanistan, showing carbonates, phyllosilicates, sulfates, altered minerals, and other materials: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1213, 37 x 23 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131213A.","productDescription":"37 x 23 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-050499","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282362,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131213A.jpg"},{"id":283604,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1213/A/"},{"id":283608,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1213/A/pdf/ofr2013-1213a.pdf"}],"scale":"250000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","datum":"WGS 1984","country":"Afghanistan","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 70.0,35.0 ], [ 70.0,36.0 ], [ 72.0,36.0 ], [ 72.0,35.0 ], [ 70.0,35.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd61dbe4b0b290850fdcaa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kokaly, Raymond F. 0000-0003-0276-7101","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0276-7101","contributorId":81442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kokaly","given":"Raymond F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, Trude","contributorId":29831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Trude","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoefen, Todd M. 0000-0002-3083-5987 thoefen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-5987","contributorId":403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoefen","given":"Todd","email":"thoefen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Livo, Keith E. 0000-0001-7331-8130 elivo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7331-8130","contributorId":1750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Livo","given":"Keith","email":"elivo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Michaela R. 0000-0001-6133-0247 mrjohns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6133-0247","contributorId":1013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Michaela R.","email":"mrjohns@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Giles, Stuart A. 0000-0002-8696-5078 sgiles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8696-5078","contributorId":1233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giles","given":"Stuart","email":"sgiles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70057439,"text":"ofr20131214A - 2013 - Hyperspectral surface materials map of quadrangles 3666 and 3766, Balkh (219), Mazar-e Sharif (220), Qarqin (213), and Hazara Toghai (214) quadrangles, Afghanistan, showing carbonates, phyllosilicates, sulfates, altered minerals, and other materials","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-10T10:16:06","indexId":"ofr20131214A","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-10T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1214","chapter":"A","title":"Hyperspectral surface materials map of quadrangles 3666 and 3766, Balkh (219), Mazar-e Sharif (220), Qarqin (213), and Hazara Toghai (214) quadrangles, Afghanistan, showing carbonates, phyllosilicates, sulfates, altered minerals, and other materials","docAbstract":"<p>This map shows the spatial distribution of selected carbonates, phyllosilicates, sulfates, altered minerals, and other materials derived from analysis of airborne HyMap™ imaging spectrometer (hyperspectral) data of Afghanistan collected in late 2007. The map is one in a series of U.S. Geological Survey/Afghanistan Geological Survey quadrangle maps covering Afghanistan.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Flown at an altitude of 50,000 feet (15,240 meters (m)), the HyMap™ imaging spectrometer measured reflected sunlight in 128 channels, covering wavelengths between 0.4 and 2.5 μm. The data were georeferenced, atmospherically corrected and converted to apparent surface reflectance, empirically adjusted using ground-based reflectance measurements, and combined into a mosaic with 23-m pixel spacing. Variations in water vapor and dust content of the atmosphere, in solar angle, and in surface elevation complicated correction; therefore, some classification differences may be present between adjacent flight lines.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The reflectance spectrum of each pixel of HyMap™ imaging spectrometer data was compared to the reference materials in a spectral library of minerals, vegetation, water, and other materials. Minerals occurring abundantly at the surface and those having unique spectral features were easily detected and discriminated, while minerals having slightly different compositions but similar spectral features were less easily discriminated; thus, some map classes consist of several minerals having similar spectra, such as “Epidote or chlorite.” A designation of “Not classified” was assigned to the pixel when there was no match with reference spectra.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131214A","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Defense Task Force for Business and Stability Operations","usgsCitation":"Kokaly, R., King, T., Hoefen, T.M., Livo, K.E., Johnson, M., and Giles, S.A., 2013, Hyperspectral surface materials map of quadrangles 3666 and 3766, Balkh (219), Mazar-e Sharif (220), Qarqin (213), and Hazara Toghai (214) quadrangles, Afghanistan, showing carbonates, phyllosilicates, sulfates, altered minerals, and other materials: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1214, 37 x 32 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131214A.","productDescription":"37 x 32 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-050504","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282364,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131214A.jpg"},{"id":283590,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1214/A/"},{"id":283591,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1214/A/pdf/ofr2013-1214a.pdf"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","datum":"WGS 1984","country":"Afghanistan","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 66.0,36.0 ], [ 66.0,37.5 ], [ 68.0,37.5 ], [ 68.0,36.0 ], [ 66.0,36.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd61dce4b0b290850fdcc6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kokaly, Raymond F. 0000-0003-0276-7101","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0276-7101","contributorId":81442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kokaly","given":"Raymond F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, Trude","contributorId":29831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Trude","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoefen, Todd M. 0000-0002-3083-5987 thoefen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-5987","contributorId":403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoefen","given":"Todd","email":"thoefen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Livo, Keith E. 0000-0001-7331-8130 elivo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7331-8130","contributorId":1750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Livo","given":"Keith","email":"elivo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Michaela R. 0000-0001-6133-0247 mrjohns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6133-0247","contributorId":1013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Michaela R.","email":"mrjohns@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Giles, Stuart A. 0000-0002-8696-5078 sgiles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8696-5078","contributorId":1233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giles","given":"Stuart","email":"sgiles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70056190,"text":"ofr20131200A - 2013 - Hyperspectral surface materials map of quadrangle 3462, Herat (409) and Chishti Sharif (410) quadrangles, Afghanistan, showing carbonates, phyllosilicates, sulfates, altered minerals, and other materials","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-10T10:04:36","indexId":"ofr20131200A","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-10T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1200","chapter":"A","title":"Hyperspectral surface materials map of quadrangle 3462, Herat (409) and Chishti Sharif (410) quadrangles, Afghanistan, showing carbonates, phyllosilicates, sulfates, altered minerals, and other materials","docAbstract":"<p>This map shows the spatial distribution of selected carbonates, phyllosilicates, sulfates, altered minerals, and other materials derived from analysis of airborne HyMap™ imaging spectrometer (hyperspectral) data of Afghanistan collected in late 2007. The map is one in a series of U.S. Geological Survey/Afghanistan Geological Survey quadrangle maps covering Afghanistan.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Flown at an altitude of 50,000 feet (15,240 meters (m)), the HyMap™ imaging spectrometer measured reflected sunlight in 128 channels, covering wavelengths between 0.4 and 2.5 μm. The data were georeferenced, atmospherically corrected and converted to apparent surface reflectance, empirically adjusted using ground-based reflectance measurements, and combined into a mosaic with 23-m pixel spacing. Variations in water vapor and dust content of the atmosphere, in solar angle, and in surface elevation complicated correction; therefore, some classification differences may be present between adjacent flight lines.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The reflectance spectrum of each pixel of HyMap™ imaging spectrometer data was compared to the reference materials in a spectral library of minerals, vegetation, water, and other materials. Minerals occurring abundantly at the surface and those having unique spectral features were easily detected and discriminated, while minerals having slightly different compositions but similar spectral features were less easily discriminated; thus, some map classes consist of several minerals having similar spectra, such as “Epidote or chlorite.” A designation of “Not classified” was assigned to the pixel when there was no match with reference spectra.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131200A","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Defense Task Force for Business and Stability Operations","usgsCitation":"Kokaly, R., King, T., Hoefen, T.M., Livo, K.E., Johnson, M., and Giles, S.A., 2013, Hyperspectral surface materials map of quadrangle 3462, Herat (409) and Chishti Sharif (410) quadrangles, Afghanistan, showing carbonates, phyllosilicates, sulfates, altered minerals, and other materials: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1200, 38 x 23 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131200A.","productDescription":"38 x 23 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-050466","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282351,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131200A.jpg"},{"id":283560,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1200/A/"},{"id":283561,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1200/A/pdf/ofr2013-1200a.pdf"}],"scale":"250000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","datum":"WGS 1984","country":"Afghanistan","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 62.0,34.0 ], [ 62.0,35.0 ], [ 64.0,35.0 ], [ 64.0,34.0 ], [ 62.0,34.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd61dae4b0b290850fdc88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kokaly, Raymond F. 0000-0003-0276-7101 raymond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0276-7101","contributorId":1785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kokaly","given":"Raymond F.","email":"raymond@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":486488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, Trude","contributorId":29831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Trude","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoefen, Todd M. 0000-0002-3083-5987 thoefen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-5987","contributorId":403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoefen","given":"Todd","email":"thoefen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Livo, Keith E. 0000-0001-7331-8130 elivo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7331-8130","contributorId":1750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Livo","given":"Keith","email":"elivo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Michaela R. 0000-0001-6133-0247 mrjohns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6133-0247","contributorId":1013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Michaela R.","email":"mrjohns@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Giles, Stuart A. 0000-0002-8696-5078 sgiles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8696-5078","contributorId":1233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giles","given":"Stuart","email":"sgiles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70056179,"text":"ofr20131192B - 2013 - Hyperspectral surface materials map of quadrangles 3664 and 3764, Char Shengo (123), Shibirghan (124), Jalajin (117), and Kham-Ab (118) quadrangles, Afghanistan, showing iron-bearing minerals and other materials","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-10T10:32:36","indexId":"ofr20131192B","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-10T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1192","chapter":"B","title":"Hyperspectral surface materials map of quadrangles 3664 and 3764, Char Shengo (123), Shibirghan (124), Jalajin (117), and Kham-Ab (118) quadrangles, Afghanistan, showing iron-bearing minerals and other materials","docAbstract":"<p>This map shows the spatial distribution of selected iron-bearing minerals and other materials derived from analysis of airborne HyMap™ imaging spectrometer (hyperspectral) data of Afghanistan collected in late 2007. This map is one in a series of U.S. Geological Survey/Afghanistan Geological Survey quadrangle maps covering Afghanistan.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Flown at an altitude of 50,000 feet (15,240 meters (m)), the HyMap™ imaging spectrometer measured reflected sunlight in 128 channels, covering wavelengths between 0.4 and 2.5 μm. The data were georeferenced, atmospherically corrected and converted to apparent surface reflectance, empirically adjusted using ground-based reflectance measurements, and combined into a mosaic with 23-m pixel spacing. Variations in water vapor and dust content of the atmosphere, in solar angle, and in surface elevation complicated correction; therefore, some classification differences may be present between adjacent flight lines.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The reflectance spectrum of each pixel of HyMap™ imaging spectrometer data was compared to the reference materials in a spectral library of minerals, vegetation, water, and other materials. Minerals occurring abundantly at the surface and those having unique spectral features were easily detected and discriminated, while minerals having slightly different compositions but similar spectral features were less easily discriminated; thus, some map classes consist of several minerals having similar spectra, such as “Goethite and jarosite.” A designation of “Not classified” was assigned to the pixel when there was no match with reference spectra.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131192B","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Defense Task Force for Business and Stability Operations","usgsCitation":"King, T., Hoefen, T.M., Kokaly, R., Livo, K.E., Johnson, M., and Giles, S.A., 2013, Hyperspectral surface materials map of quadrangles 3664 and 3764, Char Shengo (123), Shibirghan (124), Jalajin (117), and Kham-Ab (118) quadrangles, Afghanistan, showing iron-bearing minerals and other materials: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1192, 37 x 36 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131192B.","productDescription":"37 x 36 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-050282","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282273,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131192B.jpg"},{"id":283515,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1192/B/pdf/ofr2013-1192b.pdf"},{"id":283513,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1192/B/"}],"scale":"250000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","datum":"World Geodetic System 1984","country":"Afghanistan","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 64.0,36.0 ], [ 64.0,37.75 ], [ 66.0,37.75 ], [ 66.0,36.0 ], [ 64.0,36.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd61dce4b0b290850fdcc4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, Trude","contributorId":29831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Trude","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoefen, Todd M. 0000-0002-3083-5987 thoefen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-5987","contributorId":403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoefen","given":"Todd","email":"thoefen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kokaly, Raymond F. 0000-0003-0276-7101","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0276-7101","contributorId":81442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kokaly","given":"Raymond F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Livo, Keith E. 0000-0001-7331-8130 elivo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7331-8130","contributorId":1750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Livo","given":"Keith","email":"elivo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Michaela R. 0000-0001-6133-0247 mrjohns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6133-0247","contributorId":1013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Michaela R.","email":"mrjohns@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Giles, Stuart A. 0000-0002-8696-5078 sgiles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8696-5078","contributorId":1233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giles","given":"Stuart","email":"sgiles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70056178,"text":"ofr20131192A - 2013 - Hyperspectral surface materials map of quadrangles 3664 and 3764, Char Shengo (123), Shibirghan (124), Jalajin (117), and Kham-Ab (118) quadrangles, Afghanistan, showing carbonates, phyllosilicates, sulfates, altered minerals, and other materials","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-10T09:42:51","indexId":"ofr20131192A","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-10T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1192","chapter":"A","title":"Hyperspectral surface materials map of quadrangles 3664 and 3764, Char Shengo (123), Shibirghan (124), Jalajin (117), and Kham-Ab (118) quadrangles, Afghanistan, showing carbonates, phyllosilicates, sulfates, altered minerals, and other materials","docAbstract":"<p>This map shows the spatial distribution of selected carbonates, phyllosilicates, sulfates, altered minerals, and other materials derived from analysis of airborne HyMap™ imaging spectrometer (hyperspectral) data of Afghanistan collected in late 2007. The map is one in a series of U.S. Geological Survey/Afghanistan Geological Survey quadrangle maps covering Afghanistan.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Flown at an altitude of 50,000 feet (15,240 meters (m)), the HyMap™ imaging spectrometer measured reflected sunlight in 128 channels, covering wavelengths between 0.4 and 2.5 μm. The data were georeferenced, atmospherically corrected and converted to apparent surface reflectance, empirically adjusted using ground-based reflectance measurements, and combined into a mosaic with 23-m pixel spacing. Variations in water vapor and dust content of the atmosphere, in solar angle, and in surface elevation complicated correction; therefore, some classification differences may be present between adjacent flight lines.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The reflectance spectrum of each pixel of HyMap™ imaging spectrometer data was compared to the reference materials in a spectral library of minerals, vegetation, water, and other materials. Minerals occurring abundantly at the surface and those having unique spectral features were easily detected and discriminated, while minerals having slightly different compositions but similar spectral features were less easily discriminated; thus, some map classes consist of several minerals having similar spectra, such as “Epidote or chlorite.” A designation of “Not classified” was assigned to the pixel when there was no match with reference spectra.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131192A","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Defense Task Force for Business and Stability Operations","usgsCitation":"Kokaly, R., King, T., Hoefen, T.M., Livo, K.E., Johnson, M., and Giles, S.A., 2013, Hyperspectral surface materials map of quadrangles 3664 and 3764, Char Shengo (123), Shibirghan (124), Jalajin (117), and Kham-Ab (118) quadrangles, Afghanistan, showing carbonates, phyllosilicates, sulfates, altered minerals, and other materials: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1192, 37 x 36 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131192A.","productDescription":"37 x 36 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-050281","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282261,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131192A.jpg"},{"id":283510,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1192/A/"},{"id":283511,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1192/A/pdf/ofr2013-1192a.pdf"}],"scale":"250000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","datum":"World Geodetic System 1984","country":"Afghanistan","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 64.0,36.0 ], [ 64.0,37.75 ], [ 66.0,37.75 ], [ 66.0,36.0 ], [ 64.0,36.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd61dce4b0b290850fdcc2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kokaly, Raymond F. 0000-0003-0276-7101","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0276-7101","contributorId":81442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kokaly","given":"Raymond F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, Trude","contributorId":29831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Trude","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoefen, Todd M. 0000-0002-3083-5987 thoefen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-5987","contributorId":403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoefen","given":"Todd","email":"thoefen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Livo, Keith E. 0000-0001-7331-8130 elivo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7331-8130","contributorId":1750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Livo","given":"Keith","email":"elivo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Michaela R. 0000-0001-6133-0247 mrjohns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6133-0247","contributorId":1013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Michaela R.","email":"mrjohns@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Giles, Stuart A. 0000-0002-8696-5078 sgiles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8696-5078","contributorId":1233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giles","given":"Stuart","email":"sgiles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70056177,"text":"ofr20131194B - 2013 - Hyperspectral surface materials map of quadrangle 3162, Chakhansur (603) and Kotalak (604) quadrangles, Afghanistan, showing iron-bearing minerals and other materials","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-10T09:47:01","indexId":"ofr20131194B","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-10T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1194","chapter":"B","title":"Hyperspectral surface materials map of quadrangle 3162, Chakhansur (603) and Kotalak (604) quadrangles, Afghanistan, showing iron-bearing minerals and other materials","docAbstract":"<p>This map shows the spatial distribution of selected iron-bearing minerals and other materials derived from analysis of airborne HyMap™ imaging spectrometer (hyperspectral) data of Afghanistan collected in late 2007. This map is one in a series of U.S. Geological Survey/Afghanistan Geological Survey quadrangle maps covering Afghanistan.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Flown at an altitude of 50,000 feet (15,240 meters (m)), the HyMap™ imaging spectrometer measured reflected sunlight in 128 channels, covering wavelengths between 0.4 and 2.5 μm. The data were georeferenced, atmospherically corrected and converted to apparent surface reflectance, empirically adjusted using ground-based reflectance measurements, and combined into a mosaic with 23-m pixel spacing. Variations in water vapor and dust content of the atmosphere, in solar angle, and in surface elevation complicated correction; therefore, some classification differences may be present between adjacent flight lines.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The reflectance spectrum of each pixel of HyMap™ imaging spectrometer data was compared to the reference materials in a spectral library of minerals, vegetation, water, and other materials. Minerals occurring abundantly at the surface and those having unique spectral features were easily detected and discriminated, while minerals having slightly different compositions but similar spectral features were less easily discriminated; thus, some map classes consist of several minerals having similar spectra, such as “Goethite and jarosite.” A designation of “Not classified” was assigned to the pixel when there was no match with reference spectra.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131194B","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Defense Task Force for Business and Stability Operations","usgsCitation":"King, T., Hoefen, T.M., Kokaly, R., Livo, K.E., Johnson, M., and Giles, S.A., 2013, Hyperspectral surface materials map of quadrangle 3162, Chakhansur (603) and Kotalak (604) quadrangles, Afghanistan, showing iron-bearing minerals and other materials: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1194, Report: 38.0 x 23.0 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131194B.","productDescription":"Report: 38.0 x 23.0 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-049952","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282310,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131194B.jpg"},{"id":283526,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1194/B/"},{"id":283527,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1194/B/pdf/ofr2013-1194b.pdf"}],"scale":"250000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator, Zone 41","datum":"World Geodetic System 1984","country":"Afghanistan","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 62.0,31.0 ], [ 62.0,32.0 ], [ 64.0,32.0 ], [ 64.0,31.0 ], [ 62.0,31.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd61d7e4b0b290850fdc5c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, Trude","contributorId":29831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Trude","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoefen, Todd M. 0000-0002-3083-5987 thoefen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-5987","contributorId":403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoefen","given":"Todd","email":"thoefen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kokaly, Raymond F. 0000-0003-0276-7101","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0276-7101","contributorId":81442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kokaly","given":"Raymond F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Livo, Keith E. 0000-0001-7331-8130 elivo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7331-8130","contributorId":1750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Livo","given":"Keith","email":"elivo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Michaela R. 0000-0001-6133-0247 mrjohns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6133-0247","contributorId":1013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Michaela R.","email":"mrjohns@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Giles, Stuart A. 0000-0002-8696-5078 sgiles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8696-5078","contributorId":1233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giles","given":"Stuart","email":"sgiles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70071938,"text":"ofr20131204A - 2013 - Hyperspectral surface materials map of quadrangle 3260, Dasht-e-Chah-e-Mazar (419) and Anar Darah (420) quadrangles, Afghanistan, showing carbonates, phyllosilicates, sulfates, altered minerals, and other materials","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-10T10:13:23","indexId":"ofr20131204A","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-10T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1204","chapter":"A","title":"Hyperspectral surface materials map of quadrangle 3260, Dasht-e-Chah-e-Mazar (419) and Anar Darah (420) quadrangles, Afghanistan, showing carbonates, phyllosilicates, sulfates, altered minerals, and other materials","docAbstract":"<p>This map shows the spatial distribution of selected carbonates, phyllosilicates, sulfates, altered minerals, and other materials derived from analysis of airborne HyMap™ imaging spectrometer (hyperspectral) data of Afghanistan collected in late 2007. The map is one in a series of U.S. Geological Survey/Afghanistan Geological Survey quadrangle maps covering Afghanistan. </p> \n<br/>\n<p>Flown at an altitude of 50,000 feet (15,240 meters (m)), the HyMap™ imaging spectrometer measured reflected sunlight in 128 channels, covering wavelengths between 0.4 and 2.5 μm. The data were georeferenced, atmospherically corrected and converted to apparent surface reflectance, empirically adjusted using ground-based reflectance measurements, and combined into a mosaic with 23-m pixel spacing. Variations in water vapor and dust content of the atmosphere, in solar angle, and in surface elevation complicated correction; therefore, some classification differences may be present between adjacent flight lines. </p> \n<br/>\n<p>The reflectance spectrum of each pixel of HyMap™ imaging spectrometer data was compared to the reference materials in a spectral library of minerals, vegetation, water, and other materials. Minerals occurring abundantly at the surface and those having unique spectral features were easily detected and discriminated, while minerals having slightly different compositions but similar spectral features were less easily discriminated; thus, some map classes consist of several minerals having similar spectra, such as “Epidote or chlorite.” A designation of “Not classified” was assigned to the pixel when there was no match with reference spectra.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131204A","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Defense Task Force for Business and Stability Operations","usgsCitation":"Kokaly, R., King, T., Hoefen, T.M., Livo, K.E., Johnson, M., and Giles, S.A., 2013, Hyperspectral surface materials map of quadrangle 3260, Dasht-e-Chah-e-Mazar (419) and Anar Darah (420) quadrangles, Afghanistan, showing carbonates, phyllosilicates, sulfates, altered minerals, and other materials: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1204, Report: 38.00 x 23.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131204A.","productDescription":"Report: 38.00 x 23.00 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-050475","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282307,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131204a.jpg"},{"id":283585,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1204/A/"},{"id":283587,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1204/A/pdf/ofr2013-1204a.pdf"}],"scale":"250000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","datum":"WGS 1984 Datum","country":"Afghanistan","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 60.0,32.0 ], [ 60.0,33.0 ], [ 62.0,33.0 ], [ 62.0,32.0 ], [ 60.0,32.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd61d8e4b0b290850fdc66","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kokaly, Raymond F. 0000-0003-0276-7101","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0276-7101","contributorId":81442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kokaly","given":"Raymond F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, Trude","contributorId":29831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Trude","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoefen, Todd M. 0000-0002-3083-5987 thoefen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-5987","contributorId":403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoefen","given":"Todd","email":"thoefen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Livo, Keith E. 0000-0001-7331-8130 elivo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7331-8130","contributorId":1750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Livo","given":"Keith","email":"elivo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Michaela R. 0000-0001-6133-0247 mrjohns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6133-0247","contributorId":1013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Michaela R.","email":"mrjohns@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Giles, Stuart A. 0000-0002-8696-5078 sgiles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8696-5078","contributorId":1233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giles","given":"Stuart","email":"sgiles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70057051,"text":"sir20135196 - 2013 - Persistent organic pollutants in wetlands of the Mekong Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-27T09:49:34","indexId":"sir20135196","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-27T09:33:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5196","title":"Persistent organic pollutants in wetlands of the Mekong Basin","docAbstract":"In this study, the presence and concentration of persistent organic pollutants (POP) were assessed in surface sediments collected from a wide variety of wetlands located throughout the Mekong Basin in Myanmar, Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR), Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam. Of the 39 POPs tested in 531 sediment samples, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites endosulfan, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and endrin were most commonly detected. Even though DDT was banned in the 1990s, some use of DDT may still be occurring in the Mekong Basin. The amount of metabolites for DDT—dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD)—found, however, suggests that use of DDT is on the decline throughout the region. HCB and endrin were found distributed broadly throughout the Mekong Basin but not in high amounts. The concentration and distribution of endosulfan and its metabolites represent a serious problem requiring further study and management action. While the total loading of POPs in wetland sediments of the Mekong Basin was generally low, hotspot sites occurred where concentrations exceeded established ecological risk thresholds. For example, wetlands of the open, dry dipterocarp forest of northern Cambodia and Vietnam as well as wetlands in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam contained high concentrations of some POPs. High concentrations of POPs were detected in some wetlands important for biodiversity conservation. Hotspots identified in wetlands such as the Tonle Sap not only had concentrations of DDT and DDE that exceeded Canadian and U.S. benchmarks, but fauna sampled in the area also showed high degrees of bioaccumulation of the same substances. Further and more extensive attention to monitoring POP presence in water birds, fish, and other aquatic organisms is warranted because of the bioaccumulation of these chemicals at higher levels in the food chain. This study represents a collaboration of eight universities from five countries in the Mekong Region (Myanmar, Lao PDR, Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam) and four universities and research institutions from the United States. Funding for the study came from the Lower Mekong Initiative, U.S. Department of State.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135196","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University Network for Wetland Research and Training in the Mekong Region and the International Crane Foundation","usgsCitation":"Triet, T., Barzen, J.A., Choowaew, S., Engels, J.M., Ni, D.V., Mai, N.A., Inkhavilay, K., Soben, K., Sethik, R., Gomotean, B., Thuyen, L.X., Kyi, A., Du, N.H., Nordheim, R., Lam, H.T., Moore, D.M., and Wilson, S., 2013, Persistent organic pollutants in wetlands of the Mekong Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5196, xiii, 108 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135196.","productDescription":"xiii, 108 p.","numberOfPages":"121","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-042127","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282879,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135196.jpg"},{"id":282878,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5196/"}],"country":"Cambodia;Thailand;Vietnam","otherGeospatial":"Mekong Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 95.0,10.0 ], [ 95.0,20.0 ], [ 110.0,20.0 ], [ 110.0,10.0 ], [ 95.0,10.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6ae7e4b0b290851038c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Triet, Tran","contributorId":32824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Triet","given":"Tran","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barzen, Jeb Anthony","contributorId":24278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barzen","given":"Jeb","email":"","middleInitial":"Anthony","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Choowaew, Sansanee","contributorId":30546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choowaew","given":"Sansanee","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Engels, Jon Michael","contributorId":104813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engels","given":"Jon","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ni, Duong Van","contributorId":27358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ni","given":"Duong","email":"","middleInitial":"Van","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mai, Nguyen Anh","contributorId":56155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mai","given":"Nguyen","email":"","middleInitial":"Anh","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Inkhavilay, Khamla","contributorId":80190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Inkhavilay","given":"Khamla","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Soben, Kim","contributorId":6374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soben","given":"Kim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Sethik, Rath","contributorId":17914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sethik","given":"Rath","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Gomotean, Bhuvadol","contributorId":104401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomotean","given":"Bhuvadol","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Thuyen, Le Xuan","contributorId":29737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thuyen","given":"Le","email":"","middleInitial":"Xuan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Kyi, Aung","contributorId":100743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kyi","given":"Aung","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Du, Nguyen Huy","contributorId":76650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Du","given":"Nguyen","email":"","middleInitial":"Huy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Nordheim, Richard","contributorId":81016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordheim","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Lam, Ho Tung","contributorId":22684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lam","given":"Ho","email":"","middleInitial":"Tung","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Moore, Dorn M.","contributorId":42876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Dorn","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Wilson, Scott 0000-0001-8055-8618","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8055-8618","contributorId":93103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Scott","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":486633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17}]}}
,{"id":70059197,"text":"sir20135175 - 2013 - Characterization of stormwater at selected South Carolina Department of Transportation maintenance yard and section shed facilities in Ballentine, Conway, and North Charleston, South Carolina, 2010-2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T20:54:29","indexId":"sir20135175","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-26T07:44:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5175","title":"Characterization of stormwater at selected South Carolina Department of Transportation maintenance yard and section shed facilities in Ballentine, Conway, and North Charleston, South Carolina, 2010-2012","docAbstract":"<p>The South Carolina Department of Transportation operates section shed and maintenance yard facilities throughout the State. The U.S. Geological Survey conducted a cooperative investigation with the South Carolina Department of Transportation to characterize water-quality constituents that are transported in stormwater from representative maintenance yard and section shed facilities in South Carolina. At a section shed in Ballentine, S.C., stormwater discharges to a retention pond outfall (Ballentine). At the Conway maintenance yard, stormwater in the southernmost section discharges to a pipe outfall (Conway1), and stormwater in the remaining area discharges to a grass-lined ditch (Conway2). At the North Charleston maintenance yard, stormwater discharges from the yard to Turkey Creek through a combination of pipes, ditches, and overland flow; therefore, samples were collected from the main channel of Turkey Creek at the upstream (North Charleston1) and downstream (North Charleston2) limits of the North Charleston maintenance yard facility.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The storms sampled during this study had a wide range of rainfall amounts, durations, and intensities at each of the facilities and, therefore, were considered to be reasonably representative of the potential for contaminant transport. At all facilities, stormwater discharge was significantly correlated to rainfall amount and intensity. Event-mean unit-area stormwater discharge increased with increasing impervious surface at the Conway and North Charleston maintenance yards. The Ballentine facility with 79 percent impervious surface had a mean unit-area discharge similar to that of the North Charleston maintenance yard (62 percent impervious surface). That similarity may be attributed, in part, to the effects of the retention pond on the stormwater runoff at the Ballentine facility and to the greater rainfall intensities and amounts at the North Charleston facility.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Stormwater samples from the facilities were analyzed for multiple constituents and characteristics. Concentrations of sediment and concentrations of nutrients and fecal indicator bacteria, which are commonly transported with the sediment in stormwater, were measured. Total and dissolved concentrations of six trace metals were determined in the samples. Stormwater samples also were analyzed for organic compounds including 10 herbicides, 18 organochlorine pesticides, 7 Aroclor or polychlorinated biphenyl congeners, 44 volatile organic compounds, and 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Stormwater often transports large quantities of sediment and sediment-bound contaminants, including nutrients and fecal indicator bacteria. Median event-mean concentrations of suspended sediment in stormwater at these facilities ranged from 54 milligrams per liter in Turkey Creek at North Charleston2 to 147 milligrams per liter in stormwater discharging from the Ballentine retention pond outfall. In general, event-mean concentrations of total nitrogen consisted mainly of total Kjeldahl nitrogen (organic nitrogen plus ammonia) rather than nitrate plus nitrite in stormwater, and the median event-mean concentrations of total nitrogen ranged from 1.59 milligrams per liter at the Conway1 pipe outfall to 2.00 milligrams per liter at the Ballentine retention pond outfall. Median event-mean concentrations of total phosphorus in stormwater ranged from 0.15 milligram per liter at the Conway1 outfall to 0.42 milligram per liter in Turkey Creek at North Charleston1.</p>\n<br/>\n<p><i>Escherichia coli</i> and enterococcus concentrations often varied by 3 to 4 orders of magnitude in grab samples collected during the “first flush” of stormwater discharging to the sampled outfalls of Turkey Creek. Additionally, enterococcus concentrations consistently were greater than the corresponding <i>Escherichia coli</i> concentrations in stormwater. Specifically, median \"first-flush\" <i>Escherichia coli</i> concentrations ranged from 30 colonies per 100 milliliters at the Conway1 outfall to 4,359 colonies per 100 milliliters in Turkey Creek at North Charleston2, whereas enterococcus concentrations ranged from 512 colonies per 100 milliliters at the Conway1 outfall to 6,329 colonies per 100 milliliters in Turkey Creek at North Charleston2. In comparison to the proposed South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control primary and secondary body contact criterion of 349 colonies per 100 milliliter, stormwater had Escherichia coli concentrations that were greater than the criterion in 4 of the 9 storms at Ballentine retention pond outfall, 1 of the 8 storms at the Conway1 pipe outfall, 5 of the 7 storms at the Conway2 grass-lined ditch outfall, 2 of the 8 storms at North Charleston1 on Turkey Creek, and 8 of the 8 storms at North Charleston2 on Turkey Creek.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Of the six trace metals measured in stormwater, only copper and zinc had event-mean concentrations greater than the hardness-dependent South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control aquatic life criteria maximum concentrations. Measured dissolved copper event-mean concentrations in stormwater were greater than the criterion in 5 of the samples at the Ballentine facility, 1 of the samples at Conway1, 2 of the samples at Conway2, and 1 of the samples at North Charleston2. Measured dissolved zinc event-mean concentrations in stormwater were greater than the criterion in 3 of the samples at the Ballentine facility, 1 of the samples at Conway1, 2 of the samples at Conway2, and 0 of the samples at North Charleston2. At North Charleston1 upstream from the North Charleston maintenance yard, the measured dissolved trace-metal concentrations were all less than the criterion maximum concentrations.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Among the three facilities, Conway1 outfall had the greatest range in event-mean yields in stormwater for total phosphorus, total nitrogen, total suspended solids, and suspended sediment, and both Conway outfalls tended to have median event-mean yields greater than those of the Ballentine and North Charleston yard facilities. \"First-flush” yields of<i> Escherichia coli</i> in stormwater were not statistically different among the three facilities.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Median event-mean yields of suspended sediment, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total copper, and total zinc in stormwater demonstrated a strong linear relation to impervious surface at the three facilities. However, median \"first-flush\" fecal indicator bacterial yields did not have a linear relation to impervious surface.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135175","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Journey, C.A., and Conlon, K.J., 2013, Characterization of stormwater at selected South Carolina Department of Transportation maintenance yard and section shed facilities in Ballentine, Conway, and North Charleston, South Carolina, 2010-2012: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5175, Report: xi, 82 p.; 7 Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135175.","productDescription":"Report: xi, 82 p.; 7 Appendices","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-051470","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282802,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135175.jpg"},{"id":282799,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5175/pdf/sir2013-5175.pdf"},{"id":282801,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5175/appendixes"},{"id":282800,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5175/"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","city":"Ballentine, Conway, North Charleston","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83.0,31.0 ], [ -83.0,35.0 ], [ -79.0,35.0 ], [ -79.0,31.0 ], [ -83.0,31.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd50bce4b0b290850f383a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Journey, Celeste A. 0000-0002-2284-5851 cjourney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2284-5851","contributorId":2617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Journey","given":"Celeste","email":"cjourney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":487518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conlon, Kevin J. 0000-0003-0798-368X kjconlon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0798-368X","contributorId":2561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conlon","given":"Kevin","email":"kjconlon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":487517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70059955,"text":"sir20135234 - 2013 - Hurricane Irene and associated floods of August 27-30, 2011, in New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-10T15:57:38","indexId":"sir20135234","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-20T14:12:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5234","title":"Hurricane Irene and associated floods of August 27-30, 2011, in New Jersey","docAbstract":"<p>Intense rainfall from Hurricane Irene during August 27&ndash;30, 2011, inundated streams throughout New Jersey resulting in peak streamflows exceeding the 100-year recurrence interval at many streamgages and causing heavy property and road damage. The rain event affected the entire State. Some notably affected areas were the Passaic and Hackensack River Basins in northeastern New Jersey with new peaks of record at 10 continuous-record streamflow-gaging stations on streams such as the Hackensack River, Ramapo River, Rockaway River, and Green Pond Brook. In the Atlantic Coastal Basin, new peaks of record were recorded at 6 continuous-record streamflow-gaging stations, 2 of which were on the Manasquan River, 1 on Toms River, 1 on the Mullica River, 1 on the North Branch Metedeconk River, and 1 on the West Branch Wading River. Several tributaries to the Delaware River, such as the Pequest River, Flat Brook, and Assunpink Creek, also experienced major flooding with new peaks of record at nine continuous-record streamflow-gaging&nbsp;stations.</p>\n<p>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) documented peak streamflows and water-surface elevations at 125 continuous-record streamflow-gaging stations, 27 crest-stage partial-record stations, and peak water-surface elevations at 24 continuous-record tide gages within the State of New Jersey. With rainfall totals averaging more than 10 inches throughout the State, peak-of-record flood elevations and streamflows occurred at 32 continuous-record streamflow-gaging stations. Flood-frequency recurrence-intervals were recomputed for 80 gages with 20 or more years of record; 25 crest-stage gages ranged from 25&nbsp;years to greater than 500&nbsp;years for the peak-of-record floods. The maximum peak streamflow per square mile ranged from 20 to 759&nbsp;cubic feet per second per square&nbsp;mile.</p>\n<p>The August&nbsp;27&ndash;30, 2011, flood peaks rank as the peaks of record for 32 continuous-record streamflow-gaging stations with a period of record of 23 to 100&nbsp;years, as the second highest peaks for 21 continuous-record streamflow-gaging stations with a period of record of 21 to 114 years, and the third highest peaks of record for 11 continuous-record streamflow-gaging stations with a period of record of 43 to 96&nbsp;years. Several gages have documented peaks dating back to&nbsp;1903.</p>\n<p>About 1&nbsp;million people across the State were evacuated, and every county was eventually declared a Federal disaster area. Property damage in New Jersey was estimated to be $1&nbsp;billion. Governor Chris Christie declared a State of Emergency for New Jersey on August&nbsp;31, 2011. After assessment of the damage by the Federal Emergency Management Agency, President Obama declared all 21 counties major disaster areas in the State of New Jersey on August&nbsp;31,&nbsp;2011.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135234","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency","usgsCitation":"Watson, K.M., Collenburg, J., and Reiser, R.G., 2013, Hurricane Irene and associated floods of August 27-30, 2011, in New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5234, ix, 149 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135234.","productDescription":"ix, 149 p.","numberOfPages":"158","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-043125","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science 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V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reiser, Robert G. 0000-0001-5140-2745 rreiser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5140-2745","contributorId":4083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reiser","given":"Robert","email":"rreiser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70093878,"text":"70093878 - 2013 - Spatio-temporal spawning and larval dynamics of a zebra mussel (Dreissena  polymorpha) population in a North Texas Reservoir: implications for invasions  in the southern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-14T08:36:38","indexId":"70093878","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-13T08:30:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":868,"text":"Aquatic Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatio-temporal spawning and larval dynamics of a zebra mussel (Dreissena  polymorpha) population in a North Texas Reservoir: implications for invasions  in the southern United States","docAbstract":"Zebra mussels were first observed in Texas in 2009 in a reservoir (Lake Texoma) on the Texas-Oklahoma border. In 2012, an established population was found in a near-by reservoir, Ray Roberts Lake, and in June 2013, settled mussels were detected in a third north Texas reservoir, Lake Lewisville. An established population was detected in Belton Lake in September 2013. With the exception of Louisiana, these occurrences in Texas mark the current southern extent of the range of this species in the United States. Previous studies indicate that zebra mussel populations could be affected by environmental conditions, especially increased temperatures and extreme droughts, which are characteristic of surface waters of the southern and southwestern United States. Data collected during the first three years (2010–12) of a long-term monitoring program were analyzed to determine if spatio-temporal zebra mussel spawning and larval dynamics were related to physicochemical water properties in Lake Texoma. Reproductive output of the local population was significantly related to water \ntemperature and lake elevation. Estimated mean date of first spawn in Lake Texoma was approximately 1.5 months earlier and peak veliger densities were observed two months earlier than in Lake Erie. Annual maximum veliger density declined significantly during the study period (p < 0.0001). A population crash occurred as a result of thermal stress and variability of lake elevation. In summer 2011, water temperatures peaked at 34.3°C and lake elevation declined to the lowest level recorded during the previous 18 years, which resulted in desiccation of substantial numbers of settled mussels in littoral zones. Veliger spatial distributions were associated with physicochemical stratification characteristics. Veligers were observed in the deepest oxygenated water after lake stratification, which occurred in late spring. Results of this study indicate environmental conditions can influence variability of population sizes and spatial distributions of zebra mussels along the current southern frontier of their geographic range. Although the future population size trajectory and geographic range are uncertain, increased temperatures and intermittent, extreme droughts likely will affect spatio-temporal dynamics of established populations if zebra mussels spread farther into the southern and southwestern United States.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquatic Invasions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Regional Euro-Asian Biological Invasions Centre (REABIC)","doi":"10.3391/ai.2013.8.4.03","usgsCitation":"Churchill, C.J., 2013, Spatio-temporal spawning and larval dynamics of a zebra mussel (Dreissena  polymorpha) population in a North Texas Reservoir: implications for invasions  in the southern United States: Aquatic Invasions, v. 8, no. 4, p. 389-406, https://doi.org/10.3391/ai.2013.8.4.03.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"389","endPage":"406","ipdsId":"IP-052293","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473358,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3391/ai.2013.8.4.03","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":282369,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":282337,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.aquaticinvasions.net/2013/issue4.html"},{"id":282368,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3391/ai.2013.8.4.03"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma;Texas","otherGeospatial":"Lake Texoma","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.5,32.5 ], [ -97.5,34.5 ], [ -96,34.5 ], [ -96,32.5 ], [ -97.5,32.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"8","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517064e4b05569d805a3cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Churchill, Christopher John","contributorId":69470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Churchill","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70093792,"text":"ofr20131186 - 2013 - Development of CE-QUAL-W2 models for the Middle Fork Willamette and South Santiam Rivers, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-13T08:39:02","indexId":"ofr20131186","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-13T08:24:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1186","title":"Development of CE-QUAL-W2 models for the Middle Fork Willamette and South Santiam Rivers, Oregon","docAbstract":"<p>Hydrodynamic (CE-QUAL-W2) models of Hills Creek Lake (HCL), Lookout Point Lake (LOP), and Dexter Lake (DEX) on the Middle Fork Willamette River (MFWR), and models of Green Peter Lake and Foster Lake on the South Santiam River systems in western Oregon were updated and recalibrated for a wide range of flow and meteorological conditions. These CE-QUAL-W2 models originally were developed by West Consultants, Inc., for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. This study by the U.S. Geological Survey included a reassessment of the models’ calibration in more recent years—2002, 2006, 2008, and 2011—categorized respectively as low, normal, high, and extremely high flow calendar years. These years incorporated current dam-operation practices and more available data than the time period used in the original calibration. Modeled water temperatures downstream of both HCL and LOP-DEX on the MFWR were within an average of 0.68 degree Celsius (°C) of measured values; modeled temperatures downstream of Foster Dam on the South Santiam River were within an average of 0.65°C of measured values. A new CE-QUAL-W2 model was developed and calibrated for the riverine MFWR reach between Hills Creek Dam and the head of LOP, allowing an evaluation of the flow and temperature conditions in the entire MFWR system from HCL to Dexter Dam.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The complex bathymetry and long residence time of HCL, combined with the relatively deep location of the power and regulating outlet structures at Hills Creek Dam, led to a HCL model that was highly sensitive to several outlet and geometric parameters related to dam structures (STR TOP, STR BOT, STR WIDTH). Release temperatures from HCL were important and often persisted downstream as they were incorporated in the MFWR model and the LOP-DEX model (downstream of MFWR). The models tended to underpredict the measured temperature of water releases from Dexter Dam during the late-September-through-December drawdown period in 2002, and again (to a lesser extent) in 2011, but simulations were much more accurate in 2006 and 2008. This episodic model bias may have been a result of hot, dry conditions; lower lake elevations; and earlier drawdown at both HCL and LOP in 2002. These dry conditions in 2002 may have contradicted assumptions inherent in the estimation of certain model inputs, such as unmeasured inflows and water temperatures, which may respond differently during dry years than during normal and wet years.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>This report documents the development and calibration of new and revised flow and water-temperature models for riverine and reservoir reaches in the Middle Fork Willamette River and South Santiam River systems. Methods and model parameter values were established for the accurate simulation of flows and temperatures in these systems under current conditions. By extension, these models should be able to accurately simulate flows and temperatures under potential future conditions in which dam operations and dam outlet structures may be changed as part of a strategy to improve habitat, fish passage, and temperature conditions for endangered fish.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131186","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Portland District","usgsCitation":"Buccola, N., Stonewall, A., Sullivan, A.B., Kim, Y., and Rounds, S.A., 2013, Development of CE-QUAL-W2 models for the Middle Fork Willamette and South Santiam Rivers, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1186, viii, 55 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131186.","productDescription":"viii, 55 p.","numberOfPages":"66","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-048844","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282339,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131186.jpg"},{"id":282336,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1186/"},{"id":282338,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1186/pdf/ofr2013-1186.pdf"}],"projection":"Oregon Lambert Conformal Conic","datum":"NAD 1983, NAVD 1988","country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Dexter Lake;Foster Lake;Green Peter Lake;Hills Creek Lake;Lookout Point Lake;Middle Fork Willamette River;South Santiam River;Willamette River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.3,43.1992 ], [ -124.3,46.2511 ], [ -120.9924,46.2511 ], [ -120.9924,43.1992 ], [ -124.3,43.1992 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd54a3e4b0b290850f5daa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buccola, Norman L. nbuccola@usgs.gov","contributorId":4295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buccola","given":"Norman L.","email":"nbuccola@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":490220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stonewall, Adam J.","contributorId":6704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stonewall","given":"Adam J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sullivan, Annett B. 0000-0001-7783-3906 annett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7783-3906","contributorId":56317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"Annett","email":"annett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kim, Yoonhee yoonhee@usgs.gov","contributorId":4889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"Yoonhee","email":"yoonhee@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":490221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rounds, Stewart A. 0000-0002-8540-2206 sarounds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8540-2206","contributorId":905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rounds","given":"Stewart","email":"sarounds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70096235,"text":"70096235 - 2013 - Geologic framework of the northern North Carolina, USA inner continental shelf and its influence on coastal evolution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-12T10:58:25","indexId":"70096235","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T10:53:24","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic framework of the northern North Carolina, USA inner continental shelf and its influence on coastal evolution","docAbstract":"The inner continental shelf off the northern Outer Banks of North Carolina was mapped using sidescan sonar, interferometric swath bathymetry, and high-resolution chirp and boomer subbottom profiling systems. We use this information to describe the shallow stratigraphy, reinterpret formation mechanisms of some shoal features, evaluate local relative sea-levels during the Late Pleistocene, and provide new constraints, via recent bedform evolution, on regional sediment transport patterns. The study area is approximately 290 km long by 11 km wide, extending from False Cape, Virginia to Cape Lookout, North Carolina, in water depths ranging from 6 to 34 m. Late Pleistocene sedimentary units comprise the shallow geologic framework of this region and determine both the morphology of the inner shelf and the distribution of sediment sources and sinks. We identify Pleistocene sedimentary units beneath Diamond Shoals that may have provided a geologic template for the location of modern Cape Hatteras and earlier paleo-capes during the Late Pleistocene. These units indicate shallow marine deposition 15–25 m below present sea-level. The uppermost Pleistocene unit may have been deposited as recently as Marine Isotope Stage 3, although some apparent ages for this timing may be suspect. Paleofluvial valleys incised during the Last Glacial Maximum traverse the inner shelf throughout the study area and dissect the Late Pleistocene units. Sediments deposited in the valleys record the Holocene transgression and provide insight into the evolutionary history of the barrier-estuary system in this region. The relationship between these valleys and adjacent shoal complexes suggests that the paleo-Roanoke River did not form the Albemarle Shelf Valley complex as previously proposed; a major fluvial system is absent and thus makes the formation of this feature enigmatic. Major shoal features in the study area show mobility at decadal to centennial timescales, including nearly a kilometer of shoal migration over the past 134 yr. Sorted bedforms occupy ~ 1000 km2 of seafloor in Raleigh Bay, and indicate regional sediment transport patterns between Capes Hatteras and Lookout that help explain long-term sediment accumulation and morphologic development. Portions of the inner continental shelf with relatively high sediment abundance are characterized by shoals and shoreface-attached ridges, and where sediment is less abundant, the seafloor is dominated by sorted bedforms. These relationships are also observed in other passive margin settings, suggesting a continuum of shelf morphology that may have broad application for interpreting inner shelf sedimentation patterns.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.margeo.2013.11.011","usgsCitation":"Thieler, E.R., Foster, D.S., Himmelstoss, E., and Mallinson, D., 2013, Geologic framework of the northern North Carolina, USA inner continental shelf and its influence on coastal evolution: Marine Geology, v. 348, p. 113-130, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2013.11.011.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"113","endPage":"130","ipdsId":"IP-052022","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473359,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2013.11.011","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":283875,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":283870,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2013.11.011"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -77,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -77,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -75,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -75,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -77,8.333333333333334E-4 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"348","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517041e4b05569d805a21f","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.margeo.2013.11.011","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2013.11.011","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Thieler E. Robert, Foster David S., Himmelstoss Emily A., Mallinson David J.","journalName":"Marine Geology","publicationDate":"2/2014","auditedOn":"3/22/2016","publiclyAccessibleDate":"11/18/2013"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thieler, E. Robert 0000-0003-4311-9717 rthieler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4311-9717","contributorId":2488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thieler","given":"E.","email":"rthieler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Robert","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foster, David S. 0000-0003-1205-0884 dfoster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1205-0884","contributorId":1320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"David","email":"dfoster@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Himmelstoss, Emily A.","contributorId":24736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Himmelstoss","given":"Emily A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mallinson, David J.","contributorId":74222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mallinson","given":"David J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70095164,"text":"70095164 - 2013 - Identifying when tagged fishes have been consumed by piscivorous predators: application of multivariate mixture models to movement parameters of telemetered fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-25T11:29:40","indexId":"70095164","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T07:50:58","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":773,"text":"Animal Biotelemetry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identifying when tagged fishes have been consumed by piscivorous predators: application of multivariate mixture models to movement parameters of telemetered fishes","docAbstract":"<div id=\"ASec1\" class=\"AbstractSection\">\n<h5 class=\"Heading\">Background</h5>\n<p class=\"Para\">Consumption of telemetered fishes by piscivores is problematic for telemetry studies because tag detections from the piscivore could introduce bias into the analysis of telemetry data. We illustrate the use of multivariate mixture models to estimate group membership (smolt or predator) of telemetered juvenile Chinook salmon (<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic\">Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i>), juvenile steelhead trout (<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic\">O. mykiss</i>), striped bass (<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic\">Morone saxatilis</i>), smallmouth bass (<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic\">Micropterus dolomieu</i>) and spotted bass (<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic\">M. punctulatus</i>) in the Sacramento River, CA, USA. First, we estimated two types of track statistics from spatially explicit two-dimensional movement tracks of telemetered fishes: the L&eacute;vy exponent (<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic\">b</i>) and tortuosity (<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic\">&tau;</i>). Second, we hypothesized that the distribution of each track statistic would differ between predators and smolts. To estimate the distribution of track statistics for putative predators and smolts, we fitted a bivariate normal mixture model to the mixed distribution of track statistics. Lastly, we classified each track as a smolt or predator using parameter estimates from the mixture model to estimate the probability that each track was that of a predator or smolt.</p>\n</div>\n<div id=\"ASec2\" class=\"AbstractSection\">\n<h5 class=\"Heading\">Results</h5>\n<p class=\"Para\">Tracks classified as predators exhibited movement that was tortuous and consistent with prey searching tactics, whereas tracks classified as smolts were characterized by directed, linear downstream movement. The estimated mean tortuosity was 0.565 (SD&thinsp;=&thinsp;0.07) for predators and 0.944 (SD&thinsp;=&thinsp;0.001) for smolts. The estimated mean L&eacute;vy exponent was 1.84 (SD&thinsp;=&thinsp;1.23) for predators and -0.304 (SD&thinsp;=&thinsp;1.46) for smolts. We correctly classified 90% of the&nbsp;<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic\">Micropterus</i>&nbsp;species and 72% of the striped bass as predators. For tagged smolts, 80% of Chinook salmon and 74% of steelhead trout were not classified as predators.</p>\n</div>\n<div id=\"ASec3\" class=\"AbstractSection\">\n<h5 class=\"Heading\">Conclusions</h5>\n<p class=\"Para\">Mixture models proved valuable as a means to differentiate between salmonid smolts and predators that consumed salmonid smolts. However, successful application of this method requires that telemetered fishes and their predators exhibit measurable differences in movement behavior. Our approach is flexible, allows inclusion of multiple track statistics and improves upon rule-based manual classification methods.</p>\n</div>","language":"English","publisher":"Biomed Central","doi":"10.1186/2050-3385-2-3","usgsCitation":"Romine, J.G., Perry, R.W., Johnston, S.V., Fitzer, C.W., Pagliughi, S.W., and Blake, A.R., 2013, Identifying when tagged fishes have been consumed by piscivorous predators: application of multivariate mixture models to movement parameters of telemetered fishes: Animal Biotelemetry, v. 2, no. 3, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1186/2050-3385-2-3.","productDescription":"13 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051693","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473360,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/2050-3385-2-3","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":282922,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.522222,38.2375 ], [ -121.522222,38.243056 ], [ -121.513889,38.243056 ], [ -121.513889,38.2375 ], [ -121.522222,38.2375 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"2","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57209133e4b071321fe65661","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Romine, Jason G. 0000-0002-6938-1185 jromine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6938-1185","contributorId":2823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romine","given":"Jason","email":"jromine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perry, Russell W. 0000-0003-4110-8619 rperry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4110-8619","contributorId":2820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Russell","email":"rperry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnston, Samuel V.","contributorId":105220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"Samuel","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fitzer, Christopher W.","contributorId":78240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzer","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pagliughi, Stephen W.","contributorId":22242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pagliughi","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Blake, Aaron R. 0000-0001-7348-2336 ablake@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7348-2336","contributorId":5059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blake","given":"Aaron","email":"ablake@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70048243,"text":"70048243 - 2013 - Carbon isotope equilibration during sulphate-limited anaerobic oxidation of methane","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-31T09:43:09","indexId":"70048243","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-24T10:54:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2845,"text":"Nature Geoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbon isotope equilibration during sulphate-limited anaerobic oxidation of methane","docAbstract":"Collectively, marine sediments comprise the largest reservoir\nof methane on Earth. The flux of methane from the sea\nbed to the overlying water column is mitigated by the\nsulphate-dependent anaerobic oxidation of methane by marine\nmicrobes within a discrete sedimentary horizon termed the\nsulphate–methane transition zone. According to conventional\nisotope systematics, the biological consumption of methane\nleaves a residue of methane enriched in <sup>13</sup>C (refs 1–3).\nHowever, in many instances the methane within sulphate–methane transition zones is depleted in <sup>13</sup>C, consistent with\nthe production of methane, and interpreted as evidence\nfor the intertwined anaerobic oxidation and production of\nmethane<sup>4–6</sup>. Here, we report results from experiments in\nwhich we incubated cultures of microbial methane consumers\nwith methane and low levels of sulphate, and monitored the\nstable isotope composition of the methane and dissolved\ninorganic carbon pools over time. Residual methane became\nprogressively enriched in <sup>13</sup>C at sulphate concentrations above\n0.5 mM, and progressively depleted in <sup>13</sup>C below this threshold.\nWe attribute the shift to <sup>13</sup>C depletion during the anaerobic\noxidation of methane at low sulphate concentrations to the\nmicrobially mediated carbon isotope equilibration between\nmethane and carbon dioxide. We suggest that this isotopic\ne ect could help to explain the <sup>13</sup>C-depletion of methane in\nsubseafloor sulphate–methane transition zones.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature Geoscience","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/ngeo2069","usgsCitation":"Yoshinaga, M.Y., Holler, T., Goldhammer, T., Wegener, G., Pohlman, J., Brunner, B., Kuypers, M., Hinrichs, K., and Elvert, M., 2013, Carbon isotope equilibration during sulphate-limited anaerobic oxidation of methane: Nature Geoscience, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2069.","productDescription":"4 p.","ipdsId":"IP-051461","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281794,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281793,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/ngeo2069.html"},{"id":281792,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2069"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5351702be4b05569d805a186","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yoshinaga, Marcos Y.","contributorId":17531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yoshinaga","given":"Marcos","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holler, Thomas","contributorId":9573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holler","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldhammer, Tobias","contributorId":108398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldhammer","given":"Tobias","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wegener, Gunter","contributorId":34433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wegener","given":"Gunter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pohlman, John W.","contributorId":95288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pohlman","given":"John W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brunner, Benjamin","contributorId":89058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brunner","given":"Benjamin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kuypers, Marcel","contributorId":76228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuypers","given":"Marcel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe","contributorId":89791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinrichs","given":"Kai-Uwe","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Elvert, Marcus","contributorId":102362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elvert","given":"Marcus","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70072582,"text":"sim3282 - 2013 - Bathymetric map, area/capacity table, and sediment volume estimate for Millwood Lake near Ashdown, Arkansas, 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-21T14:48:23","indexId":"sim3282","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-21T14:39:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3282","title":"Bathymetric map, area/capacity table, and sediment volume estimate for Millwood Lake near Ashdown, Arkansas, 2013","docAbstract":"Millwood Lake, in southwestern Arkansas, was constructed and is operated by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) for flood-risk reduction, water supply, and recreation. The lake was completed in 1966 and it is likely that with time sedimentation has resulted in the reduction of storage capacity of the lake. The loss of storage capacity can cause less water to be available for water supply, and lessens the ability of the lake to mitigate flooding. Excessive sediment accumulation also can cause a reduction in aquatic habitat in some areas of the lake. Although many lakes operated by the USACE have periodic bathymetric and sediment surveys, none have been completed for Millwood Lake. In March 2013, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the USACE, surveyed the bathymetry of Millwood Lake to prepare an updated bathymetric map and area/capacity table. The USGS also collected sediment thickness data in June 2013 to estimate the volume of sediment accumulated in the lake.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3282","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Richards, J.M., and Green, W.R., 2013, Bathymetric map, area/capacity table, and sediment volume estimate for Millwood Lake near Ashdown, Arkansas, 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3282, Map: 36 x 34 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3282.","productDescription":"Map: 36 x 34 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-051522","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281342,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim3282.jpg"},{"id":281339,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3282/"},{"id":281340,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3282/pdf/sim3282.pdf"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","otherGeospatial":"Millwood Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.209553,33.649381 ], [ -94.209553,33.848867 ], [ -93.899514,33.848867 ], [ -93.899514,33.649381 ], [ -94.209553,33.649381 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4eefe4b0b290850f264b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richards, Joseph M. 0000-0002-9822-2706 richards@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9822-2706","contributorId":2370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richards","given":"Joseph","email":"richards@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Green, W. Reed","contributorId":87886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Reed","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70055685,"text":"ofr20131262 - 2013 - Technical evaluation of a total maximum daily load model for Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-21T13:40:33","indexId":"ofr20131262","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-21T13:30:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1262","title":"Technical evaluation of a total maximum daily load model for Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes, Oregon","docAbstract":"<p>We reviewed a mass balance model developed in 2001 that guided establishment of the phosphorus total maximum daily load (TMDL) for Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes, Oregon. The purpose of the review was to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the model and to determine whether improvements could be made using information derived from studies since the model was first developed. The new data have contributed to the understanding of processes in the lakes, particularly internal loading of phosphorus from sediment, and include measurements of diffusive fluxes of phosphorus from the bottom sediments, groundwater advection, desorption from iron oxides at high pH in a laboratory setting, and estimates of fluxes of phosphorus bound to iron and aluminum oxides. None of these processes in isolation, however, is large enough to account for the episodically high values of whole-lake internal loading calculated from a mass balance, which can range from 10 to 20 milligrams per square meter per day for short periods.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The possible role of benthic invertebrates in lake sediments in the internal loading of phosphorus in the lake has become apparent since the development of the TMDL model. Benthic invertebrates can increase diffusive fluxes several-fold through bioturbation and biodiffusion, and, if the invertebrates are bottom feeders, they can recycle phosphorus to the water column through metabolic excretion. These organisms have high densities (1,822–62,178 individuals per square meter) in Upper Klamath Lake. Conversion of the mean density of tubificid worms (Oligochaeta) and chironomid midges (Diptera), two of the dominant taxa, to an areal flux rate based on laboratory measurements of metabolic excretion of two abundant species suggested that excretion by benthic invertebrates is at least as important as any of the other identified processes for internal loading to the water column.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Data from sediment cores collected around Upper Klamath Lake since the development of the TMDL model also contributed to this review. Cores were sequentially extracted to determine the distribution of phosphorus associated with several matrices in the sediment (freely exchangeable, metal-oxides, acid-soluble minerals, and residual). The concentrations of phosphorus in these fractions varied around the lake in patterns that reflect transport processes in the lake and the ultimate deposition of organic and inorganic forms of phosphorus from the water column. Both organic and inorganic phosphorus had higher concentrations in the northern part of the lake, in and just west of Goose Bay. At the time that these cores were collected, prior to restoration of the Williamson River Delta, this area was close to the shoreline of the lake and east of the Williamson River mouth. This contrasts with erosional inputs, which, in addition to being high to the east of the pre-restoration Williamson River mouth, were higher in the middle of the lake than at the northern end. Organic forms of phosphorus had particularly high concentrations in the northern bays. When these cores were used to calculate a new estimate of the whole-lake-averaged concentration of total phosphorus in the top 10 centimeters of the lake sediments, the estimate was about one-third of the best estimate available when the TMDL model was developed.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131262","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Wood, T.M., Wherry, S., Carter, J.L., Kuwabara, J.S., Simon, N.S., and Rounds, S.A., 2013, Technical evaluation of a total maximum daily load model for Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1262, vi, 75 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131262.","productDescription":"vi, 75 p.","numberOfPages":"84","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-037641","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281330,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131262.GIF"},{"id":281328,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1262/"},{"id":281329,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1262/pdf/ofr2013-1262.pdf"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","datum":"North American Datum of 1927","country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Agency Lake;Goose Bay;Upper Klamath Lake;Williamson River;Williamson River Delta","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.197797,42.082902 ], [ -122.197797,42.650173 ], [ -121.577757,42.650173 ], [ -121.577757,42.082902 ], [ -122.197797,42.082902 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7657e4b0b2908510ad44","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, Tamara M. 0000-0001-6057-8080 tmwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6057-8080","contributorId":1164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Tamara","email":"tmwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wherry, Susan A.","contributorId":79403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wherry","given":"Susan A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carter, James L. 0000-0002-0104-9776 jlcarter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0104-9776","contributorId":3278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"James","email":"jlcarter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kuwabara, James S. 0000-0003-2502-1601 kuwabara@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2502-1601","contributorId":3374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuwabara","given":"James","email":"kuwabara@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Simon, Nancy S. 0000-0003-2706-7611 nssimon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2706-7611","contributorId":838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simon","given":"Nancy","email":"nssimon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":486203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rounds, Stewart A. 0000-0002-8540-2206 sarounds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8540-2206","contributorId":905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rounds","given":"Stewart","email":"sarounds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70055869,"text":"sir20135211 - 2013 - Real-time piscicide tracking using Rhodamine WT dye for support of application, transport, and deactivation strategies in riverine environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-24T11:27:16","indexId":"sir20135211","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-20T08:43:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5211","title":"Real-time piscicide tracking using Rhodamine WT dye for support of application, transport, and deactivation strategies in riverine environments","docAbstract":"Piscicide applications in riverine environments are complicated by the advection and dispersion of the piscicide by the flowing water. Proper deactivation of the fish toxin is required outside of the treatment reach to ensure that there is minimal collateral damage to fisheries downstream or in connecting and adjacent water bodies. In urban settings and highly managed waterways, further complications arise from the influence of industrial intakes and outfalls, stormwater outfalls, lock and dam operations, and general unsteady flow conditions. These complications affect the local hydrodynamics and ultimately the transport and fate of the piscicide. This report presents two techniques using Rhodamine WT dye for real-time tracking of a piscicide plume—or any passive contaminant—in rivers and waterways in natural and urban settings. Passive contaminants are those that are present in such low concentration that there is no effect (such as buoyancy) on the fluid dynamics of the receiving water body. These methods, when combined with data logging and archiving, allow for visualization and documentation of the application and deactivation process.\n\nReal-time tracking and documentation of rotenone applications in rivers and urban waterways was accomplished by encasing the rotenone plume in a plume of Rhodamine WT dye and using vessel-mounted submersible fluorometers together with acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCP) and global positioning system (GPS) receivers to track the dye and map the water currents responsible for advection and dispersion. In this study, two methods were used to track rotenone plumes: (1) simultaneous injection of dye with rotenone and (2) delineation of the upstream and downstream boundaries of the treatment zone with dye. All data were logged and displayed on a shipboard laptop computer, so that survey personnel provided real-time feedback about the extent of the rotenone plume to rotenone application and deactivation personnel. Further, these strategies facilitate adjustment of rotenone application and deactivation strategies in real time if necessary based on the observed advection and dispersion of the rotenone plume.\n\nTwo large-scale and complex applications of rotenone in the Chicago Area Waterway System (CAWS) in 2009 and 2010 to combat invasive Asian carp are documented in this report. The application in Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal (CSSC) in December 2009 involved more than 1,800 gallons of rotenone injected at multiple stations through a 6.2-mile reach of the canal near Lockport, Illinois. The rotenone plume was encased in Rhodamine WT dye so that two survey boats provided real-time feedback to shore personnel regarding the plume extent as it advected downstream. Real-time tracking of the rotenone was essential in this large-scale application because of the multistage injection strategy and the numerous deactivation points required to minimize collateral damage to fisheries in surrounding and receiving water bodies. All timing of application and deactivation operations relied on dye tracking. A second application of rotenone in May 2010 to the Little Calumet River near O’Brien Lock and Dam (Illinois) provided another opportunity for dye-tracking support operations; however, application and deactivation strategies were designed considering zero-flow conditions within the reach of interest. Therefore, dye was injected at the upstream and downstream boundaries of the rotenone application reach and was used to track movement of water in and out of a treatment reach, allowing proper deactivation to occur and avoiding unnecessary damage to fisheries downstream. The data collected during the real-time tracking operations for both applications allowed full documentation of the rotenone treatment for archival purposes and provided information for future applications. \nThe methods presented in this report for real-time tracking\nand documentation of piscicide applications in riverine environments worked exceptionally well and allowed the multiagency\nAsian Carp Rapid Response Workgroup to carry out large-scale\nrotenone applications in urban waterways in an environmentally\nresponsible manner with minimal collateral damage to fisheries\noutside the treatment reach. Traveltime information extracted\nfrom the boat-mounted and fixed-position fluorometers agrees\nwell with empirical predictions from a preliminary dye study\n(mock rotenone injection) on this system completed in November 2009 on the CSSC and with previously published methods for estimating traveltimes of the peak, leading edge, and trailing\nedge of the plume. Although the rotenone application strategy\ncalled for zero-flow conditions on the Little Calumet River in\n2010, downstream advection of treated water did occur, and dye\ntracing combined with velocity mapping allowed this advection\nto be documented and exposed the unique hydrodynamics and\nmixing within this reach.\nThe large volumes of data collected during the operations\nallow documentation and visualization of the rotenone applications, thus providing feedback to planners and archival of the\ntreatments for future reference. The methods developed in this\nreport are directly transferrable to piscicide applications in water\nbodies in other locations, including rivers, ponds, or lakes, and\ncan be used for real-time tracking of any passive contaminant\nthat may enter a water body.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135211","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative","usgsCitation":"Jackson, P.R., and Lageman, J.D., 2013, Real-time piscicide tracking using Rhodamine WT dye for support of application, transport, and deactivation strategies in riverine environments: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5211, vii, 43, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135211.","productDescription":"vii, 43","numberOfPages":"50","ipdsId":"IP-045568","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281146,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135211.jpg"},{"id":281144,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5211/"},{"id":281145,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5211/pdf/sir2013-5211.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","city":"Chicago","otherGeospatial":"Chicago Area Waterway System","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -89.25,41.5 ], [ -89.25,42.25 ], [ -87.5,42.25 ], [ -87.5,41.5 ], [ -89.25,41.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6f47e4b0b290851064ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jackson, Patrick Ryan","contributorId":34043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"Ryan","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":486269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lageman, Jonathan D. jlageman@usgs.gov","contributorId":1910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lageman","given":"Jonathan","email":"jlageman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":486268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70049064,"text":"ofr20131257 - 2013 - Geologic assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources: Oligocene Frio and Anahuac Formations, United States Gulf of Mexico coastal plain and State waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-16T08:34:03","indexId":"ofr20131257","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-16T08:19:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1257","title":"Geologic assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources: Oligocene Frio and Anahuac Formations, United States Gulf of Mexico coastal plain and State waters","docAbstract":"<p>The Oligocene Frio and Anahuac Formations were assessed as part of the 2007 U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) assessment of Tertiary strata of the U.S. Gulf of Mexico Basin onshore and State waters. The Frio Formation, which consists of sand-rich fluvio-deltaic systems, has been one of the largest hydrocarbon producers from the Paleogene in the Gulf of Mexico. The Anahuac Formation, an extensive transgressive marine shale overlying the Frio Formation, contains deltaic and slope sandstones in Louisiana and Texas and carbonate rocks in the eastern Gulf of Mexico. In downdip areas of the Frio and Anahuac Formations, traps associated with faulted, rollover anticlines are common. Structural traps commonly occur in combination with stratigraphic traps. Faulted salt domes in the Frio and Anahuac Formations are present in the Houston embayment of Texas and in south Louisiana. In the Frio Formation, stratigraphic traps are found in fluvial, deltaic, barrier-bar, shelf, and strandplain systems.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The USGS Tertiary Assessment Team defined a single, Upper Jurassic-Cretaceous-Tertiary Composite Total Petroleum System (TPS) for the Gulf Coast basin, based on previous studies and geochemical analysis of oils in the Gulf Coast basin. The primary source rocks for oil and gas within Cenozoic petroleum systems, including Frio Formation reservoirs, in the northern, onshore Gulf Coastal region consist of coal and shale rich in organic matter within the Wilcox Group (Paleocene–Eocene), with some contributions from the Sparta Sand of the Claiborne Group (Eocene). The Jurassic Smackover Formation and Cretaceous Eagle Ford Formation also may have contributed substantial petroleum to Cenozoic reservoirs. Modeling studies of thermal maturity by the USGS Tertiary Assessment Team indicate that downdip portions of the basal Wilcox Group reached sufficient thermal maturity to generate hydrocarbons by early Eocene; this early maturation is the result of rapid sediment accumulation in the early Tertiary, combined with the reaction kinetic parameters used in the models. A number of studies indicate that the migration of oil and gas in the Cenozoic Gulf of Mexico basin is primarily vertical, occurring along abundant growth faults associated with sediment deposition or along faults associated with salt domes.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The USGS Tertiary assessment team developed a geologic model based on recurring regional-scale structural and depositional features in Paleogene strata to define assessment units (AUs). Three general areas, as described in the model, are found in each of the Paleogene stratigraphic intervals assessed: “Stable Shelf,” “Expanded Fault,” and “Slope and Basin Floor” zones. On the basis of this model, three AUs for the Frio Formation were defined: (1) the Frio Stable Shelf Oil and Gas AU, containing reservoirs with a mean depth of about 4,800 feet in normally pressured intervals; (2) the Frio Expanded Fault Zone Oil and Gas AU, containing reservoirs with a mean depth of about 9,000 feet in primarily overpressured intervals; and (3) the Frio Slope and Basin Floor Gas AU, which currently has no production but has potential for deep gas resources (>15,000 feet). AUs also were defined for the Hackberry trend, which consists of a slope facies stratigraphically in the middle part of the Frio Formation, and the Anahuac Formation. The Frio Basin Margin AU, an assessment unit extending to the outcrop of the Frio (or basal Miocene), was not quantitatively assessed because of its low potential for production. Two proprietary, commercially available databases containing field and well production information were used in the assessment. Estimates of undiscovered resources for the five AUs were based on a total of 1,734 reservoirs and 586,500 wells producing from the Frio and Anahuac Formations. Estimated total mean values of technically recoverable, undiscovered resources are 172 million barrels of oil (MMBO), 9.4 trillion cubic feet of natural gas (TCFG), and 542 million barrels of natural gas liquids for all of the Frio and Anahuac AUs. Of the five units assessed, the Frio Slope and Basin Floor Gas AU has the greatest potential for undiscovered gas resources, having an estimated mean of 5.6 TCFG. The Hackberry Oil and Gas AU shows the second highest potential for gas of the five units assessed, having an estimated mean of 1.8 TCFG. The largest undiscovered, conventional crude oil resource was estimated for the Frio Slope and Basin Floor Gas AU; the estimated mean for oil in this AU is 110 MMBO.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131257","usgsCitation":"Swanson, S.M., Karlsen, A.W., and Valentine, B.J., 2013, Geologic assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources: Oligocene Frio and Anahuac Formations, United States Gulf of Mexico coastal plain and State waters: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1257, Report: viii, 66 p.; Appendix 1: 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131257.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 66 p.; Appendix 1: 10 p.","numberOfPages":"78","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-051257","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281142,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131257.jpg"},{"id":281139,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1257/"},{"id":281140,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1257/pdf/of2013-1257.pdf"},{"id":281141,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1257/pdf/ofr2013-1257_appendix1_input_data.pdf"}],"scale":"2000000","projection":"Albers Equal-Area Conic projection","country":"United States","state":"Louisiana;Texas","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -101.0,24.84 ], [ -101.0,33.0 ], [ -88.5,33.0 ], [ -88.5,24.84 ], [ -101.0,24.84 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52d8ff61e4b08fdd528145fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swanson, Sharon M. 0000-0002-4235-1736 smswanson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4235-1736","contributorId":590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Sharon","email":"smswanson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karlsen, Alexander W.","contributorId":105382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karlsen","given":"Alexander","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Valentine, Brett J. 0000-0002-8678-2431 bvalentine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8678-2431","contributorId":3846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valentine","given":"Brett","email":"bvalentine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70048977,"text":"sir20135109 - 2013 - Stratigraphy and paleogeographic significance of the Pennsylvanian-Permian Bird Spring Formation in the Ship Mountains, southeastern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-26T15:58:03.421844","indexId":"sir20135109","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-15T13:56:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5109","title":"Stratigraphy and paleogeographic significance of the Pennsylvanian-Permian Bird Spring Formation in the Ship Mountains, southeastern California","docAbstract":"<p>A thick sequence of limestone, dolomite, and minor sandstone assigned to the Pennsylvanian and lower Permian Bird Spring Formation is exposed in the Ship Mountains about 85 kilometers (km) southwest of Needles, California, in the eastern Mojave Desert. These strata provide a valuable reference section of the Bird Spring Formation in a region where rocks of this age are not extensively exposed. This section, which is about 900 meters (m) thick, is divided into five informal members.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Strata of the Bird Spring Formation in the Ship Mountains originated as shallow-water marine deposits on the broad, southwest-trending continental shelf of western North America. Perpendicular to the shelf, the paleogeographic position of the Ship Mountains section is intermediate between those of the thicker, less terrigenous, more seaward section of the Bird Spring Formation in the Providence Mountains, 55 km to the northwest, and the thinner, more terrigenous, more landward sections of the Supai Group near Blythe, 100 km to the southeast. Parallel to the shelf, the Ship Mountains section is comparable in lithofacies and inferred paleogeographic position to sections assigned to the Callville Limestone and overlying Pakoon Limestone in northwestern Arizona and southeastern Nevada, 250 km to the northeast.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Deposition of the Bird Spring Formation followed a major rise in eustatic sea level at about the Mississippian- Pennsylvanian boundary. The subsequent depositional history was controlled by episodic changes in eustatic sea level, shelf subsidence rates, and sediment supply. Subsidence rates could have been influenced by coeval continental-margin tectonism to the northwest.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135109","usgsCitation":"Stone, P., Stevens, C., Howard, K.A., and Hoisch, T.D., 2013, Stratigraphy and paleogeographic significance of the Pennsylvanian-Permian Bird Spring Formation in the Ship Mountains, southeastern California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5109, Report: iv, 40 p.; Plate 1: 24 x 36 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135109.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 40 p.; Plate 1: 24 x 36 inches","numberOfPages":"48","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-042090","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281111,"rank":4,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135109.jpg"},{"id":281110,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5109/pdf/sir2013-5109_plate1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":281108,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5109/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":281109,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5109/pdf/sir2013-5109.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Desert, Providence Mountains, Ship Mountains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.4935,33.4269 ], [ -116.4935,37.0026 ], [ -112.9944,37.0026 ], [ -112.9944,33.4269 ], [ -116.4935,33.4269 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52d7af5ae4b0f10664b99fc4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stone, Paul 0000-0002-1439-0156 pastone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1439-0156","contributorId":273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Paul","email":"pastone@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stevens, Calvin H.","contributorId":59848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"Calvin H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Howard, Keith A. 0000-0002-6462-2947 khoward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6462-2947","contributorId":3439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Keith","email":"khoward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hoisch, Thomas D.","contributorId":61337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoisch","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70059127,"text":"ofr20131270 - 2013 - Hurricane Isaac: observations and analysis of coastal change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-14T16:17:00","indexId":"ofr20131270","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-14T16:05:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1270","title":"Hurricane Isaac: observations and analysis of coastal change","docAbstract":"<p>Understanding storm-induced coastal change and forecasting these changes require knowledge of the physical processes associated with a storm and the geomorphology of the impacted coastline. The primary physical process of interest is sediment transport that is driven by waves, currents, and storm surge associated with storms. Storm surge, which is the rise in water level due to the wind, barometric pressure, and other factors, allows both waves and currents to impact parts of the coast not normally exposed to these processes.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Coastal geomorphology reflects the coastal changes associated with extreme-storm processes. Relevant geomorphic variables that are observable before and after storms include sand dune elevation, beach width, shoreline position, sediment grain size, and foreshore beach slope. These variables, in addition to hydrodynamic processes, can be used to quantify coastal change and are used to predict coastal vulnerability to storms (Stockdon and others, 2007).</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Assessment of Coastal Change Hazards (NACCH) project (<a href=\"http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/national-assessment/\" target=\"_blank\">http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/national-assessment/</a>) provides hazard information to those concerned about the Nation’s coastlines, including residents of coastal areas, government agencies responsible for coastal management, and coastal researchers. Extreme-storm research is a component of the NACCH project (<a href=\"http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/hurricanes/\" target=\"_blank\">http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/hurricanes/</a>) that includes development of predictive understanding, vulnerability assessments using models, and updated observations in response to specific storm events. In particular, observations were made to determine morphological changes associated with Hurricane Isaac, which made landfall in the United States first at Southwest Pass, at the mouth of the Mississippi River, at 0000 August 29, 2012 UTC (Coordinated Universal Time) and again, 8 hours later, west of Port Fourchon, Louisiana (Berg, 2013). Methods of observation included oblique aerial photography, airborne light detection and ranging (lidar) topographic surveys, and ground-based topographic surveys. This report documents data-collection efforts and presents qualitative and quantitative descriptions of hurricane-induced changes to the shoreline, beaches, dunes, and infrastructure in the region that was heavily impacted by Hurricane Isaac.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The report is divided into the following sections:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Section 1: Introduction</li>\n\n<li>Section 2: Storm Overview, presents a synopsis of the storm, including meteorological evolution, wind speed impact area, wind-wave generation, and storm-surge extent and magnitudes.</li>\n\n<li>Section 3: Coastal-Change Observations, describes data-collection missions, including acquisition of oblique aerial photography and airborne lidar topographic surveys, in response to Hurricane Isaac.</li>\n\n<li>Section 4: Coastal-Change Analysis, describes data-analysis methods and observations of coastal change.</li></ul>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131270","usgsCitation":"Guy, K.K., Stockdon, H.F., Plant, N.G., Doran, K., and Morgan, K., 2013, Hurricane Isaac: observations and analysis of coastal change: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1270, vi, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131270.","productDescription":"vi, 21 p.","numberOfPages":"27","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-050671","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281060,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131270.jpg"},{"id":281057,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1270/"},{"id":281058,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1270/pdf/of2013-1270.pdf"}],"country":"Cuba;Haiti;United States","otherGeospatial":"Atlantic Ocean;Caribbean Sea;Gulf Of Mexico;Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -96.86,11.44 ], [ -96.86,41.18 ], [ -39.99,41.18 ], [ -39.99,11.44 ], [ -96.86,11.44 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52d65d75e4b0b566e996b353","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guy, Kristy K. kguy@usgs.gov","contributorId":45010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guy","given":"Kristy","email":"kguy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stockdon, Hilary F. 0000-0003-0791-4676 hstockdon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0791-4676","contributorId":2153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stockdon","given":"Hilary","email":"hstockdon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Plant, Nathaniel G. 0000-0002-5703-5672 nplant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5703-5672","contributorId":3503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plant","given":"Nathaniel","email":"nplant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doran, Kara S. 0000-0001-8050-5727 kdoran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8050-5727","contributorId":2496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"Kara S.","email":"kdoran@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":487471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Morgan, Karen L.M. 0000-0002-2994-5572","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2994-5572","contributorId":95553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"Karen L.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70058730,"text":"ofr20131291 - 2013 - Effect of simulated tree canopy removal on a municipal wellfield in the Puget Sound aquifer system, Thurston County, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-08T08:25:32","indexId":"ofr20131291","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-08T14:08:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1291","title":"Effect of simulated tree canopy removal on a municipal wellfield in the Puget Sound aquifer system, Thurston County, Washington","docAbstract":"Effects of tree canopy removal on a wellfield were simulated using a groundwater flow model characteristic of hydrogeologic settings in the Puget Sound aquifer system. Effects were estimated according to simulated changes in flow patterns that may result from tree canopy removal associated with varying degrees of residential development. The flow model used was a modified version of a model of the hydrogeologic setting in Thurston County, Washington; the wellfield was one planned for Olympia, Washington, and the canopy modifications spanned a range of possible land use change scenarios. The relative effects of tree canopy removal were estimated in terms of potential changes in capture zones for the wellfield and groundwater levels. Because of the depth of the wellfield and the dispersal of the effects from changes in recharge at ground surface, potential changes in wellfield capture zones and groundwater levels were discernible but small compared to other possible influences.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131291","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Washington State Department of Natural Resources and the City of Olympia","usgsCitation":"Johnson, K.H., 2013, Effect of simulated tree canopy removal on a municipal wellfield in the Puget Sound aquifer system, Thurston County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1291, vi, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131291.","productDescription":"vi, 32 p.","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-051903","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280383,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131291.PNG"},{"id":280382,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1291/pdf/ofr2013-1291.pdf"},{"id":280381,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1291/"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic Projection","datum":"North American Datum 1983","country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"Thurston County","city":"Olympia","otherGeospatial":"Puget Sound","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.956238,46.779609 ], [ -122.956238,47.250805 ], [ -122.399368,47.250805 ], [ -122.399368,46.779609 ], [ -122.956238,46.779609 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52ce747ce4b073e0995b2dcf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Kenneth H. johnson@usgs.gov","contributorId":3103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Kenneth","email":"johnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70066096,"text":"70066096 - 2013 - Using occupancy models to investigate the prevalence of ectoparasitic vectors on hosts: an example with fleas on prairie dogs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-07T15:58:09","indexId":"70066096","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-07T15:55:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2025,"text":"International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using occupancy models to investigate the prevalence of ectoparasitic vectors on hosts: an example with fleas on prairie dogs","docAbstract":"Ectoparasites are often difficult to detect in the field. We developed a method that can be used with occupancy models to estimate the prevalence of ectoparasites on hosts, and to investigate factors that influence rates of ectoparasite occupancy while accounting for imperfect detection. We describe the approach using a study of fleas (Siphonaptera) on black-tailed prairie dogs (<i>Cynomys ludovicianus</i>). During each primary occasion (monthly trapping events), we combed a prairie dog three consecutive times to detect fleas (15 s/combing). We used robust design occupancy modeling to evaluate hypotheses for factors that might correlate with the occurrence of fleas on prairie dogs, and factors that might influence the rate at which prairie dogs are colonized by fleas. Our combing method was highly effective; dislodged fleas fell into a tub of water and could not escape, and there was an estimated 99.3% probability of detecting a flea on an occupied host when using three combings. While overall detection was high, the probability of detection was always <1.00 during each primary combing occasion, highlighting the importance of considering imperfect detection. The combing method (removal of fleas) caused a decline in detection during primary occasions, and we accounted for that decline to avoid inflated estimates of occupancy. Regarding prairie dogs, flea occupancy was heightened in old/natural colonies of prairie dogs, and on hosts that were in poor condition. Occupancy was initially low in plots with high densities of prairie dogs, but, as the study progressed, the rate of flea colonization increased in plots with high densities of prairie dogs in particular. Our methodology can be used to improve studies of ectoparasites, especially when the probability of detection is low. Moreover, the method can be modified to investigate the co-occurrence of ectoparasite species, and community level factors such as species richness and interspecific interactions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2013.09.002","usgsCitation":"Eads, D., Biggins, D.E., Doherty, P.F., Gage, K.L., Huyvaert, K., Long, D.H., and Antolin, M.F., 2013, Using occupancy models to investigate the prevalence of ectoparasitic vectors on hosts: an example with fleas on prairie dogs: International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife, v. 2, p. 246-256, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2013.09.002.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"246","endPage":"256","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-051431","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473363,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2013.09.002","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":280679,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280673,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2013.09.002"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52cd2201e4b0c3f95143ed26","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eads, David A.","contributorId":70234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eads","given":"David A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Biggins, Dean E. 0000-0003-2078-671X bigginsd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2078-671X","contributorId":2522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggins","given":"Dean","email":"bigginsd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Doherty, Paul F. Jr.","contributorId":37636,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Doherty","given":"Paul","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":487948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gage, Kenneth L.","contributorId":61742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gage","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Huyvaert, Kathryn P.","contributorId":73906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huyvaert","given":"Kathryn P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Long, Dustin H.","contributorId":14239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"Dustin","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Antolin, Michael F.","contributorId":85469,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Antolin","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":6998,"text":"Department of Biology, Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":487952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70049063,"text":"sir20135189 - 2013 - Relations between DNA- and RNA-based molecular methods for cyanobacteria and microcystin concentration at Maumee Bay State Park Lakeside Beach, Oregon, Ohio, 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-07T14:33:55","indexId":"sir20135189","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-07T14:21:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5189","title":"Relations between DNA- and RNA-based molecular methods for cyanobacteria and microcystin concentration at Maumee Bay State Park Lakeside Beach, Oregon, Ohio, 2012","docAbstract":"<p>Water samples were collected from Maumee Bay State Park Lakeside Beach, Oregon, Ohio, during the 2012 recreational season and analyzed for selected cyanobacteria gene sequences by DNA-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and RNA-based quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results from the four DNA assays (for quantifying total cyanobacteria, total <i>Microcystis</i>, and <i>Microcystis</i> and <i>Planktothrix</i> strains that possess the microcystin synthetase E (<i>mcyE</i>) gene) and two RNA assays (for quantifying <i>Microcystis</i> and <i>Planktothrix</i> genera that are expressing the microcystin synthetase E (<i>mcyE</i>) gene) were compared to microcystin concentration results determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Concentrations of the target in replicate analyses were log10 transformed. The average value of differences in log10 concentrations for the replicates that had at least one detection were found to range from 0.05 to >0.37 copy per 100 milliliters (copy/100 mL) for DNA-based methods and from >0.04 to >0.17 copy/100 mL for RNA-based methods.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>RNA has a shorter half-life than DNA; consequently, a 24-hour holding-time study was done to determine the effects of holding time on RNA concentrations. Holding-time comparisons for the RNA-based <i>Microcystis</i> toxin <i>mcyE</i> assay showed reductions in the number of copies per 100 milliliters over 24 hours. The log difference between time 2 hours and time 24 hours was >0.37 copy/100 mL, which was higher than the analytical variability (log difference of >0.17 copy/100 mL).</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Spearman’s correlation analysis indicated that microcystin toxin concentrations were moderately to highly related to DNA-based assay results for total cyanobacteria (rho=0.69), total <i>Microcystis</i> (rho=0.74), and <i>Microcystis</i> strains that possess the <i>mcyE</i> gene (rho=0.81). Microcystin toxin concentrations were strongly related with RNA-based assay results for <i>Microcystis mcyE</i> gene expression (rho=0.95). Correlation analysis could not be done for <i>Planktothrix mcyE</i> gene expression because of too few detections.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135189","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Ohio Lake Erie Commission","usgsCitation":"Stelzer, E.A., Loftin, K.A., and Struffolino, P., 2013, Relations between DNA- and RNA-based molecular methods for cyanobacteria and microcystin concentration at Maumee Bay State Park Lakeside Beach, Oregon, Ohio, 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5189, iv, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135189.","productDescription":"iv, 9 p.","numberOfPages":"16","ipdsId":"IP-051214","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280671,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135189.jpg"},{"id":280669,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5189/"},{"id":280670,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5189/pdf/sir2013-5189.pdf"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","country":"United States","state":"Ohio","city":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Lake Erie;Maumee Bay State Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83.387003,41.678489 ], [ -83.387003,41.689931 ], [ -83.362584,41.689931 ], [ -83.362584,41.678489 ], [ -83.387003,41.678489 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52cd2200e4b0c3f95143ed19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stelzer, Erin A. 0000-0001-7645-7603 eastelzer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7645-7603","contributorId":1933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stelzer","given":"Erin","email":"eastelzer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loftin, Keith A. 0000-0001-5291-876X kloftin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5291-876X","contributorId":868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loftin","given":"Keith","email":"kloftin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Struffolino, Pamela","contributorId":87233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Struffolino","given":"Pamela","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70048978,"text":"sir20135184 - 2013 - Hydrogeology and water quality in the Snake River alluvial aquifer at Jackson Hole Airport, Jackson, Wyoming, water years 2011 and 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-06T13:57:09","indexId":"sir20135184","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-06T13:41:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5184","title":"Hydrogeology and water quality in the Snake River alluvial aquifer at Jackson Hole Airport, Jackson, Wyoming, water years 2011 and 2012","docAbstract":"<p>The hydrogeology and water quality of the Snake River alluvial aquifer at the Jackson Hole Airport in northwest Wyoming was studied by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Jackson Hole Airport Board, during water years 2011 and 2012 as part of a followup to a previous baseline study during September 2008 through June 2009. Hydrogeologic conditions were characterized using data collected from 19 Jackson Hole Airport wells. Groundwater levels are summarized in this report and the direction of groundwater flow, hydraulic gradients, and estimated groundwater velocity rates in the Snake River alluvial aquifer underlying the study area are presented. Analytical results of groundwater samples collected from 10 wells during water years 2011 and 2012 are presented and summarized.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The water table at Jackson Hole Airport was lowest in early spring and reached its peak in July or August, with an increase of 12.5 to 15.5 feet between April and July 2011. Groundwater flow was predominantly horizontal but generally had the hydraulic potential for downward flow. Groundwater flow within the Snake River alluvial aquifer at the airport was from the northeast to the west-southwest, with horizontal velocities estimated to be about 25 to 68 feet per day. This range of velocities slightly is broader than the range determined in the previous study and likely is due to variability in the local climate. The travel time from the farthest upgradient well to the farthest downgradient well was approximately 52 to 142 days. This estimate only describes the average movement of groundwater, and some solutes may move at a different rate than groundwater through the aquifer.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The quality of the water in the alluvial aquifer generally was considered good. Water from the alluvial aquifer was fresh, hard to very hard, and dominated by calcium carbonate. No constituents were detected at concentrations exceeding U.S. Environmental Protection Agency maximum contaminant levels or health advisories; however, reduction and oxidation (redox) measurements indicate oxygen-poor water in many of the wells. Gasoline-range organics, three volatile organic compounds, and triazoles were detected in some groundwater samples. The quality of groundwater in the alluvial aquifer generally was suitable for domestic and other uses; however, dissolved iron and manganese were detected in samples from many of the monitor wells at concentrations exceeding U.S. Environmental Protection Agency secondary maximum contaminant levels. Iron and manganese likely are both natural components of the geologic materials in the area and may have become mobilized in the aquifer because of redox processes. Additionally, measurements of dissolved-oxygen concentrations and analyses of major ions and nutrients indicate reducing conditions exist at 7 of the 10 wells sampled.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Measurements of dissolved-oxygen concentrations (less than 0.1 to 9 milligrams per liter) indicated some variability in the oxygen content of the aquifer. Dissolved-oxygen concentrations in samples from 3 of the 10 wells indicated oxic conditions in the aquifer, whereas low dissolved-oxygen concentrations (less than 1 milligram per liter) in samples from 7 wells indicated anoxic conditions. Nutrients were present in low concentrations in all samples collected. Nitrate plus nitrite was detected in samples from 6 of the 10 monitored wells, whereas dissolved ammonia was detected in small concentrations in 8 of the 10 monitored wells. Dissolved organic carbon concentrations generally were low. At least one dissolved organic carbon concentration was quantified by the laboratory in samples from all 10 wells; one of the concentrations was an order of magnitude higher than other detected dissolved organic carbon concentrations, and slightly exceeded the estimated range for natural groundwater.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Samples were collected for analyses of dissolved gases, and field analyses of ferrous iron, hydrogen sulfide, and low-level dissolved oxygen were completed to better understand the redox conditions of the alluvial aquifer. Dissolved gas analyses confirmed low concentrations of dissolved oxygen in samples from wells where reducing conditions exist and indicated the presence of methane gas in samples from several wells. Redox processes in the alluvial aquifer were identified using a model designed to use a multiple-lines-of-evidence approach to distinguish reduction processes. Results of redox analyses indicate iron reduction was the dominant redox process; however, the model indicated manganese reduction and methanogenesis also were taking place in the aquifer.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Each set of samples collected during this study included analysis of at least two, but often many anthropogenic compounds. During the previous 2008–09 study at Jackson Hole Airport, diesel-range organics were measured in small (estimated) concentrations in several samples. Samples collected from all 10 wells sampled during the 2011–12 study were analyzed for diesel-range organics, and there were no detections; however, several other anthropogenic compounds were detected in groundwater samples during water years 2011—12 that were not detected during the previous 2008–09 study. Gasoline-range organics, benzene, ethylbenzene, and total xylene were each detected (but reported as estimated concentrations) in at least one groundwater sample. These compounds were not detected during the previous study or consistently during this study. Several possible reasons these compounds were not detected consistently include (1) these compounds are present in the aquifer at concentrations near the analytical method detection limit and are difficult to detect, (2) these compounds were not from a persistent source during this study, and (3) these compounds were detected because of contamination introduced during sampling or analysis. During water years 2011–2012, groundwater samples were analyzed for triazoles, specifically benzotriazole, 4-methyl-1H-benzotriazole, and 5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole. Triazoles are anthropogenic compounds often used as an additive in deicing and anti-icing fluids as a corrosion inhibitor, and can be detected at lower laboratory reporting levels than glycols, which previously had not been detected. Two of the three triazoles measured, 4-methyl-1H-benzotriazole and 5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole, were detected at low concentrations in groundwater at 7 of the 10 wells sampled. The detection of triazole compounds in groundwater downgradient from airport operations makes it unlikely there is a natural cause for the high rates of reduction present in many airport monitor wells. It is more likely that aircraft deicers, anti-icers, or pavement deicers have seeped into the groundwater system and caused the reducing conditions.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135184","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Jackson Hole Airport Board","usgsCitation":"Wright, P., 2013, Hydrogeology and water quality in the Snake River alluvial aquifer at Jackson Hole Airport, Jackson, Wyoming, water years 2011 and 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5184, vii, 56 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135184.","productDescription":"vii, 56 p.","numberOfPages":"68","temporalStart":"2010-10-01","temporalEnd":"2012-09-30","ipdsId":"IP-042348","costCenters":[{"id":684,"text":"Wyoming Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280625,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135184.jpg"},{"id":280624,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5184/pdf/sir2013-5184.pdf"},{"id":280623,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5184/"}],"projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","city":"Jackson","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.047058,43.400059 ], [ -111.047058,43.899871 ], [ -110.398865,43.899871 ], [ -110.398865,43.400059 ], [ -111.047058,43.400059 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52cbd082e4b03116c9ddb9fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, Peter R. prwright@usgs.gov","contributorId":1828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Peter R.","email":"prwright@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":485917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}