{"pageNumber":"5852","pageRowStart":"146275","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":1014217,"text":"1014217 - 1978 - Control of fish diseases","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:28","indexId":"1014217","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2665,"text":"Marine Fisheries Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Control of fish diseases","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Fisheries Review","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"306/FH","usgsCitation":"Snieszko, S.F., 1978, Control of fish diseases: Marine Fisheries Review, v. 40, no. 3, p. 65-68.","productDescription":"p. 65-68","startPage":"65","endPage":"68","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132288,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db6881f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snieszko, S. F.","contributorId":13169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snieszko","given":"S.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1014218,"text":"1014218 - 1978 - Mycobacteriosis (tuberculosis) in fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:28","indexId":"1014218","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3040,"text":"Pet Age","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mycobacteriosis (tuberculosis) in fishes","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pet Age","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"615/FH","usgsCitation":"Snieszko, S.F., 1978, Mycobacteriosis (tuberculosis) in fishes: Pet Age, v. 8, no. 1, p. 23-25, 28.","productDescription":"p. 23-25, 28","startPage":"23","endPage":"25, 28","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132289,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4909","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snieszko, S. F.","contributorId":13169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snieszko","given":"S.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70010359,"text":"70010359 - 1978 - Origin of major element chemical trends in DSDP Leg 37 basalts, Mid-Atlantic Ridge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:25","indexId":"70010359","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin of major element chemical trends in DSDP Leg 37 basalts, Mid-Atlantic Ridge","docAbstract":"In this paper we summarize the major element chemical variation for basalts from the Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 37 and relate it to stratigraphic position in each of five drilling sites. Least-squares techniques are successfully used to quantify the nature and extent of alteration in these basalts, and to correct the major element analysis back to a magmatic, or alteration-free, composition on the assumption that alteration takes place in two ways: (1) secondary minerals are introduced into veins and vesicles, and (2) CO2 and H2O react with components in the rock to form a simple alteration assemblage. A chemical stratigraphy is defined for these basalts by grouping lavas whose chemistries are related by low-pressure phenocryst-liquid differentiation as identified by least-squares calculation. Major chemical-stratigraphic units are as much as 200 m thick; correlations of these units can be made between the holes at site 332 (about 100 m apart), but not between the other sites. Compositions of parental magmas are calculated by extrapolating low-pressure variations to a constant value of 9% MgO. The differences in these extrapolated compositions reflect high-pressure processes, and suggest that clinopyroxene may be an important phase in either intermediate-level fractionation of basaltic liquids, or as a residual phase during the partial melting which produces these basaltic liquids. Several of the basaltic liquids calculated as parental to the Leg 37 basalts have CaO contents greater than 14% and indicate that the oceanic mantle is richer in CaO and Al2O3 than values used in pyrolite models for the upper mantle. A model for magma generation and eruption beneath the Mid-Atlantic Ridge embodies the following characteristics: 1. (1) Separate magma batches are generated in the mantle. 2. (2) Each of these may be erupted directly or stored at shallow depth where significant fractionation takes place. Common fractionation processes are inferred to be gravitative settling of olivine, flotation (?) of plagioclase, and flow differentiation of an olivine-plagioclase-augite assemblage. 3. (3) Eruption of fractionated lava derived from earlier magma batches may alternate with eruption of younger less-fractionated or unfractionated magma. ?? 1978.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Byerly, G.R., and Wright, T.L., 1978, Origin of major element chemical trends in DSDP Leg 37 basalts, Mid-Atlantic Ridge: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 3, no. 3-4, p. 229-279.","startPage":"229","endPage":"279","numberOfPages":"51","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219526,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a70e2e4b0c8380cd762f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Byerly, G. R.","contributorId":6826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byerly","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, T. L.","contributorId":11188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1007828,"text":"1007828 - 1978 - Malic acid accumulation in roots in response to flooding: Evidence contrary to its role as an alternative to ethanol","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-04T16:27:19.869213","indexId":"1007828","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2276,"text":"Journal of Experimental Botany","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Malic acid accumulation in roots in response to flooding: Evidence contrary to its role as an alternative to ethanol","docAbstract":"<p><span>Across a time course of flooding the malic acid content in roots of the swamp tree&nbsp;</span><i>Nyssa sylvatica</i><span>&nbsp;var.&nbsp;</span><i>biflora</i><span>&nbsp;increased 5-fold from 1 week to 1 month of flooding and remained at that level through a full year of flooding. Alcoholic fermentation rates accelerated within the first month of flooding but dropped to very low levels under long-term flooding. The theory that, under flooding, malic acid accumulates as an alternative anaerobic end product to ethanol is unlikely in this instance since (1) malate is initially associated with high alcoholic fermentation and (2) the reduction in alcoholic fermentation is accounted for by increased internal aeration of the roots.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/jxb/29.6.1345","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J.E., 1978, Malic acid accumulation in roots in response to flooding: Evidence contrary to its role as an alternative to ethanol: Journal of Experimental Botany, v. 29, p. 1345-1349, https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/29.6.1345.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1345","endPage":"1349","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130409,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db649f9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521 jon_keeley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":1268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","email":"jon_keeley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":316105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1007826,"text":"1007826 - 1978 - Forty-first breeding bird census. No. 146. Tamarisk-saltbush","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:16","indexId":"1007826","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":708,"text":"American Birds","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Forty-first breeding bird census. No. 146. Tamarisk-saltbush","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Weinstein, M., and Berry, K., 1978, Forty-first breeding bird census. No. 146. Tamarisk-saltbush: American Birds, v. 32.","productDescription":"p. 106","startPage":"106","numberOfPages":"106","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130300,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4919e4b07f02db572b7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weinstein, M.","contributorId":6796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weinstein","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berry, K.H.","contributorId":17934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"K.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1007825,"text":"1007825 - 1978 - Forty-first breeding bird census. No. 164. Desert marsh","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:16","indexId":"1007825","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":708,"text":"American Birds","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Forty-first breeding bird census. No. 164. Desert marsh","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Weinstein, M., and Berry, K., 1978, Forty-first breeding bird census. No. 164. Desert marsh: American Birds, v. 32, no. 113.","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130299,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"113","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4888e4b07f02db51a648","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weinstein, M.","contributorId":6796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weinstein","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berry, K.H.","contributorId":17934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"K.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1007823,"text":"1007823 - 1978 - Sea otter predation and community organization in the western Aleutian Island, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-18T17:43:34.200964","indexId":"1007823","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sea otter predation and community organization in the western Aleutian Island, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>Predation by the sea otter (Enhydra lutris) limits epibenthic invertebrates, especially sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus polyacanthus), in turn allowing a luxuriant development of the macroalgal canopy. Where sea otters are abundant, sea urchins are small and scarce in shallow water, and the association of fleshy macroalgae apparently is regulated by competition. Sea urchins are larger and more abundant in deeper water, where they are less accessible to sea otters. Macroalgae are most abundant, and competition in the plant association is severest, near the sublittoral fringe where sea otters can remove sea urchins most efficiently. In deep water, competition among maccroalgae is reduced because the light intensity is lower and grazing by sea urchins increases. On islands where sea otters are absent, sea urchins are abundant, large, and are probably limited by intraspecific competition; and they have eliminated fleshly macroalgae. Available data suggest that the association of Laminaria spp. and Agarum cribrosum contributes most to primary production in nearshore areas of the western Aleutian Islands. Where sea otters are absent and sea urchins have eliminated this plant association, some higher trophic forms also are absent or less abundant than where sea otters are common and the plant association is well developed. Earlier studies of sea otter food suggested that low—density populations of sea otters consume primarily sea urchins and mollusks in the western Aleutian Islands. Later studies of high—density populations showed a wider variety of foods consumed, with fish an important component of the diet. These studies support our observations on the differences in availability of these foods between islands with and without sea otters.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.2307/1938786","usgsCitation":"Estes, J.E., Smith, N.S., and Palmisano, J.F., 1978, Sea otter predation and community organization in the western Aleutian Island, Alaska: Ecology, v. 59, p. 822-833, https://doi.org/10.2307/1938786.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"822","endPage":"833","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130172,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc57d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Estes, J. E.","contributorId":80378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, N. S.","contributorId":34864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Palmisano, J. F.","contributorId":49729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palmisano","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1013679,"text":"1013679 - 1978 - Corynebacterial kidney disease: egg transmission following iodophore disinfection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:04","indexId":"1013679","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1647,"text":"Fish Health News","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Corynebacterial kidney disease: egg transmission following iodophore disinfection","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fish Health News","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","collaboration":"363/FH","usgsCitation":"Bullock, G.L., Stuckey, H.M., and Mulcahy, D., 1978, Corynebacterial kidney disease: egg transmission following iodophore disinfection: Fish Health News, v. 7, no. 2, p. 51-52.","productDescription":"p. 51-52","startPage":"51","endPage":"52","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129585,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db68429b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bullock, G. L.","contributorId":69498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullock","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stuckey, H. M.","contributorId":60157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuckey","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mulcahy, D.","contributorId":82642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mulcahy","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1007804,"text":"1007804 - 1978 - Survivorship patterns in captive killer whales (Orcinus orca)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-24T12:15:04","indexId":"1007804","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1136,"text":"Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survivorship patterns in captive killer whales (Orcinus orca)","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Hui, C.A., and Ridgway, S.H., 1978, Survivorship patterns in captive killer whales (Orcinus orca): Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, v. 77, p. 45-51.","startPage":"45","endPage":"51","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130176,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688166","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hui, Clifford A.","contributorId":68252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hui","given":"Clifford","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ridgway, Sam H.","contributorId":96630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ridgway","given":"Sam","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1007803,"text":"1007803 - 1978 - Two migratory thrushes and the African pitta in coastal Kenya","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:18","indexId":"1007803","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3360,"text":"Scopus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Two migratory thrushes and the African pitta in coastal Kenya","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Scopus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Britton, P., and Rathbun, G.B., 1978, Two migratory thrushes and the African pitta in coastal Kenya: Scopus, v. 2, no. 1, p. 11-17.","productDescription":"p. 11-17","startPage":"11","endPage":"17","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130175,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db69726a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Britton, P.L.","contributorId":54935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Britton","given":"P.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rathbun, G. B.","contributorId":106044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rathbun","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1007802,"text":"1007802 - 1978 - Evaluation of an aerial survey of Pacific walruses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-21T11:31:25","indexId":"1007802","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2543,"text":"Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of an aerial survey of Pacific walruses","docAbstract":"<p><span>An aerial survey of Pacific walruses (</span><i>Odobenus rosmarus divergens</i><span>) was evaluated to determine the reliability of estimates of population abundance. The probability of detecting groups of walruses on the pack ice remained uniform to at least 0.93 km from the flight line, whereas the probability of detection decreased significantly beyond 0.23 km for walruses in the water. Walruses were more abundant along the ice-edge zone between 162 and 165°W than in other areas of the Chukchi Sea during September 1975. Few walruses were observed in consolidated pack ice north of the ice-edge zone or in ice-free water to the south. More walrus groups and larger mean group size were observed on September 8 than on other days. We estimated abundance for each day and all days combined using methods based on sample area and numbers of strip samples. Estimates varied among days by over an order of magnitude; this variation is attributed to the combined effect of chance sampling of an aggregated population and variation in the fraction of walruses hauled out. The coefficient of variation of the estimates ranged between 0.25 and 0.99. This imprecision was due to the aggregated distribution of walruses and the large variation in group size. Using the survey data as a basis for stratification, we calculated that, due to the high variability within strata, a sample size of 40% of the total area or 56% of the total available strips would be required to obtain 95% confidence limits within 10% of the estimate of total abundance. Variation contributed by observer error in estimating group size also is relatively unimportant to the precision of abundance estimates. Studies of natural history, particularly those oriented toward activity and habitat selection, would help investigators estimate bias due to the variable fraction hauled out and design surveys based on meaningful strata. Estimates of total abundance based on limited survey efforts will provide information of little reliability.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/f78-178","usgsCitation":"Estes, J.A., and Gilbert, J.R., 1978, Evaluation of an aerial survey of Pacific walruses: Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, v. 35, p. 1130-1140, https://doi.org/10.1139/f78-178.","productDescription":"p. 1130-1140","startPage":"1130","endPage":"1140","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130174,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b19e4b07f02db6a7f3e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Estes, J. A.","contributorId":53319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilbert, James R.","contributorId":181916,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gilbert","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70010372,"text":"70010372 - 1978 - P-Wave to Rayleigh-wave conversion coefficients for wedge corners; model experiments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-04T16:18:05.175253","indexId":"70010372","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2228,"text":"Journal of Computational Physics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"P-Wave to Rayleigh-wave conversion coefficients for wedge corners; model experiments","docAbstract":"An analytic solution is not available for the diffraction of elastic waves by wedges; however, numerical solutions of finite-difference type are available for selected wedge angles. The P- to Rayleigh-wave conversion coefficients at wedge tips have been measured on two-dimensional seismic models for stress-free wedges with wedge angles, ??0, of 10, 30, 60, 90 and 120??. The conversion coefficients show two broad peaks and a minimum as a function of the angle between the wedge face and the direction of the incident P-wave. The minimum occurs for the P wave incident parallel to the wedge face and one maximum is near an incidence angle of 90?? to the wedge face. The amplitude of this maximum, relative to the other, decreases as the wedge angle increases. The asymmetry of the conversion coefficients, CPR(??; ??0), relative to parallel incidence (?? = 0) increases as the wedge angle increases. The locations of the maxima and the minimum as well as the asymmetry can be explained qualitatively. The conversion coefficients are measured with an accuracy of ??5% in those regions where there are no interfering waves. A comparison of the data for the 10?? wedge with the theoretical results for a half plane (0?? wedge) shows good correlation. ?? 1978.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0021-9991(78)90140-7","issn":"00219991","usgsCitation":"Gangi, A., and Wesson, R.L., 1978, P-Wave to Rayleigh-wave conversion coefficients for wedge corners; model experiments: Journal of Computational Physics, v. 29, no. 3, p. 370-388, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9991(78)90140-7.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"370","endPage":"388","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219756,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a731ae4b0c8380cd76e6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gangi, A.F.","contributorId":52719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gangi","given":"A.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wesson, R. L.","contributorId":51752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wesson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":9790,"text":"ofr78223 - 1978 - Lithic and chemical compositions of samples from the Wiggins and Tepee Trail Formations, southern Absaroka Range, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-17T20:00:37.140076","indexId":"ofr78223","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-223","title":"Lithic and chemical compositions of samples from the Wiggins and Tepee Trail Formations, southern Absaroka Range, Wyoming","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78223","usgsCitation":"Ketner, K., and Fisher, F.S., 1978, Lithic and chemical compositions of samples from the Wiggins and Tepee Trail Formations, southern Absaroka Range, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-223, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78223.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":405281,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0223/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":142841,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0223/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110,\n              43.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -109,\n              43.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -109,\n              44\n            ],\n            [\n              -110,\n              44\n            ],\n            [\n              -110,\n              43.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4e8c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ketner, Keith Brindley","contributorId":18332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ketner","given":"Keith Brindley","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fisher, Frederick S.","contributorId":17979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70010379,"text":"70010379 - 1978 - The crystal structure and thermal history of orthopyroxene from lunar anorthosite 15415","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-15T00:22:07.880503","indexId":"70010379","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The crystal structure and thermal history of orthopyroxene from lunar anorthosite 15415","docAbstract":"<p>A single crystal of untwinned orthopyroxene from lunar anorthosite sample 15415, with composition (Mg<sub>1.14</sub>Fe<sub>0.80</sub>Mn<sub>0.02</sub>Ca<sub>0.04</sub>)(Si<sub>1.97</sub>Al<sub>0.03</sub>)O<sub>6</sub>, has a unit cell in space group<i>Pbca</i><span>&nbsp;</span>with<i>a</i><span>&nbsp;</span>= 18.310(15)Å,<i>b</i><span>&nbsp;</span>= 8.904(10)Å,<i>c</i><span>&nbsp;</span>= 5.214(7)Å, containing 2 formula units. A set of 742 counter-measured intensity data made with MoK<sub>α</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>radiation has been used to refine the crystal structure in isotropic thermal mode to<i>R</i><span>&nbsp;</span>= 0.116. Anisotropic refinement led to<i>R</i><span>&nbsp;</span>= 0.092, but thermal parameters are distorted by non-random errors resulting from poor crystal texture. The resulting structure is in close agreement with that obtained by Ghose [9] for a hypersthene from Greenland. A parameter<i>q</i>, which gives (<i>Mg</i><sub>q</sub>Fe<sub>1−q</sub>) for cation site<i>M</i>(1) and (Mg<sub>1.14−<i>q</i></sub>Fe<sub><i>q</i>−0.18</sub>Ca<sub>0.04</sub>) for site<i>M</i>(2), was included in the least-squares analysis, yielding<i>q</i><span>&nbsp;</span>= 0.90(1).</p><p>This orthopyroxene has the high degree of cation order expected of pyroxenes subjected to Apollonian metamorphism at lower than 500–600°C. No evidence exists for a subsequent thermal event of sufficient intensity to disorder the pyroxene. On the basis of previous laboratory studies of argon-release patterns of lunar plagioclase and order-disorder kinetics of terrestrial pyroxenes, we attribute the reported isotopic age (3.9–4.1 AE) to cessation of metamorphism, perhaps caused by impact excavation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0012-821X(78)90063-8","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Evans, H.T., Stephen, H.J., and Konnert, J., 1978, The crystal structure and thermal history of orthopyroxene from lunar anorthosite 15415: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 37, no. 3, p. 476-484, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(78)90063-8.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"476","endPage":"484","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218721,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baa74e4b08c986b322840","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evans, H. T. Jr.","contributorId":41859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stephen, Huebner J.","contributorId":31899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephen","given":"Huebner","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Konnert, J.A.","contributorId":17640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konnert","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1007827,"text":"1007827 - 1978 - Forty-first breeding bird census. No. 147. Tamarisk-desert riparian","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:16","indexId":"1007827","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":708,"text":"American Birds","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Forty-first breeding bird census. No. 147. Tamarisk-desert riparian","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Cardiff, E., Cardiff, S., and Berry, K., 1978, Forty-first breeding bird census. No. 147. Tamarisk-desert riparian: American Birds, v. 32, p. 105-106.","productDescription":"p. 105-106","startPage":"105","endPage":"106","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130320,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48b7e4b07f02db534488","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cardiff, E.A.","contributorId":37279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cardiff","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cardiff, S.W.","contributorId":40931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cardiff","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Berry, K.H.","contributorId":17934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"K.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70197174,"text":"70197174 - 1978 - Geomagnetic polarity event recorded at 1.1 m.y. B.P. on Cobb Mountain, Clear Lake volcanic field, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-18T15:30:52","indexId":"70197174","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geomagnetic polarity event recorded at 1.1 m.y. B.P. on Cobb Mountain, Clear Lake volcanic field, California","docAbstract":"<p><span>Paleomagnetic studies show that a normal polarity event within the Matuyama reversed polarity epoch is recorded by one of the volcanic units on Cobb Mountain in northern California. K-Ar age determinations show that this event has an age of 1.12 ± 0.02 m.y. and clearly preceded the Jaramillo normal polarity event. These data provide the first confirmation from a subaerial volcano that a brief polarity event occurred at this time, as suggested by published studies of some marine sedimentary cores and magnetic anomalies. This new event is herein named the “Cobb Mountain normal polarity event.”</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1978)6<653:GPERAM>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Mankinen, E.A., Donnelly, J., and Grommé, C., 1978, Geomagnetic polarity event recorded at 1.1 m.y. B.P. on Cobb Mountain, Clear Lake volcanic field, California: Geology, v. 6, no. 11, p. 653-656, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1978)6<653:GPERAM>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"653","endPage":"656","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354342,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Cleak Lake volcanic field","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.7667,\n              38.7917\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.7,\n              38.7917\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.7,\n              38.8333\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.7667,\n              38.8333\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.7667,\n              38.7917\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff4d96e4b0da30c1bfdc3b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mankinen, Edward A. 0000-0001-7496-2681 emank@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7496-2681","contributorId":1054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mankinen","given":"Edward","email":"emank@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":735910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Donnelly, J.M.","contributorId":59411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donnelly","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grommé, C. S.","contributorId":38558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grommé","given":"C. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70197175,"text":"70197175 - 1978 - Geomagnetic paleointensities from radiocarbon‐dated lava flows on Hawaii and the question of the Pacific nondipole low","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-18T15:33:18","indexId":"70197175","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geomagnetic paleointensities from radiocarbon‐dated lava flows on Hawaii and the question of the Pacific nondipole low","docAbstract":"<p><span>Radiocarbon ages have been published for nine basaltic lava flows on the island of Hawaii; the ages range from 2600 to somewhat older than 17,900 years B.P. By using the Thelliers' method in vacuum, geomagnetic paleointensity values were obtained from eight of the lavas; the ninth proved unsuitable. The paleointensities for the four youngest flows (2600–4600 years B.P.) yield virtual dipole moments (VDM's) that are 20% greater to more than twice the worldwide values for those times obtained by V. Bucha from archeomagnetic data. The dispersion of virtual geomagnetic poles for the eight lavas is 15.5°, appreciably larger than the average for older lava flows on Hawaii. These results contrast with the historic magnetic field in the region of Hawaii, in which both secular variation and nondipole components are very low. At about 10,000 years B.P. the measured VDM is not very different from the long‐term worldwide average but differs considerably from a smooth extrapolation of Bucha's average curve. At about 18,000 years B.P. the measured VDM is very low and is associated with an unusually shallow paleomagnetic inclination for the latitude of Hawaii. These new paleointensity and paleodirectional data strongly suggest that sizable nondipole geomagnetic fields have existed in the vicinity of Hawaii at various times during the Holocene epoch and perhaps earlier.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/JB083iB04p01740","usgsCitation":"Coe, R.S., Gromme, S., and Mankinen, E.A., 1978, Geomagnetic paleointensities from radiocarbon‐dated lava flows on Hawaii and the question of the Pacific nondipole low: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 83, no. B4, p. 1740-1756, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB083iB04p01740.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1740","endPage":"1756","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354343,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"83","issue":"B4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff4d96e4b0da30c1bfdc39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coe, Robert S.","contributorId":20477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coe","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gromme, Sherman","contributorId":59318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gromme","given":"Sherman","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mankinen, Edward A. 0000-0001-7496-2681 emank@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7496-2681","contributorId":1054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mankinen","given":"Edward","email":"emank@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":735915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70168578,"text":"70168578 - 1978 - Clarence Allen talks about the responsibilities in earthquake prediction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-22T14:25:13","indexId":"70168578","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Clarence Allen talks about the responsibilities in earthquake prediction","docAbstract":"<p>Dr. Clarence R. Allen is professor of geology and geophysics at the California Institute of Technology. He has been a member of advisory panels to the Executive Office of the President, National Academy of Sciences, National Science Foundation, U.S Geological Survey, UNESCO, California State Mining and Geology Board, and the California Department of Water Resources. Dr. Allen has been President of both the Geological Society of America and the Seismological Society of America (SSA). The title of this interview is based on his presidential address to the SSA in 1976.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Spall, H., 1978, Clarence Allen talks about the responsibilities in earthquake prediction: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 10, no. 4, p. 116-119.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"116","endPage":"119","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":318198,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56c84ac4e4b0b3c9ae381012","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spall, H.","contributorId":99290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spall","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70162505,"text":"70162505 - 1978 - Earthquake history of Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-18T12:07:34","indexId":"70162505","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquake history of Wyoming","docAbstract":"<p>Forty-five earthquakes of moderate intensity (V or greater) on the Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale (MM) and extent have originated in Wyoming from 1894 to 1976. Many shocks have occurred in Yellowstone National Park, including an intensity VII event in June 1975. the 1959 Hebgen Lake, Mont., earthquake, centered just west of the park, was felt (MM VII) in northwestern Wyoming. Many aftershocks from this earthquake were reported in Yellowstone Park (MM V-VI) through December 1959, and numerous shocks of lesser intensities continued through 1963.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"von Hake, C., 1978, Earthquake history of Wyoming: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 10, no. 4, p. 150-154.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"150","endPage":"154","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":314830,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.98388671874999,\n              41.0130657870063\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.98388671874999,\n              44.98034238084973\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.0625,\n              44.98034238084973\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.0625,\n              41.0130657870063\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.98388671874999,\n              41.0130657870063\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a75551e4b0b28f1184d815","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"von Hake, C. A.","contributorId":7699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"von Hake","given":"C. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70168608,"text":"70168608 - 1978 - Unusual animal behavior before earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-20T13:22:10","indexId":"70168608","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Unusual animal behavior before earthquakes","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Reasenberg, P., 1978, Unusual animal behavior before earthquakes: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 10, no. 2, p. 42-50.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"42","endPage":"50","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":318226,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56c99c5fe4b059daa47c9b18","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reasenberg, P.","contributorId":22913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reasenberg","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70168596,"text":"70168596 - 1978 - Can animals help to predict earthquakes?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-20T12:50:51","indexId":"70168596","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Can animals help to predict earthquakes?","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Ling-huang, S., 1978, Can animals help to predict earthquakes?: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 10, no. 6, p. 231-233.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"231","endPage":"233","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":318214,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56c99c43e4b059daa47c9a87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ling-huang, Shen","contributorId":167097,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ling-huang","given":"Shen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70162508,"text":"70162508 - 1978 - Earthquake history of Guam","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-13T15:49:45","indexId":"70162508","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquake history of Guam","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"von Hake, C., 1978, Earthquake history of Guam: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 10, no. 6, p. 236-237.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"236","endPage":"237","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":314833,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Guam","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              144.53613281249997,\n              13.210534384132387\n            ],\n            [\n              144.99755859375,\n              13.210534384132387\n            ],\n            [\n              144.99755859375,\n              13.7153719325982\n            ],\n            [\n              144.53613281249997,\n              13.7153719325982\n            ],\n            [\n              144.53613281249997,\n              13.210534384132387\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a7554de4b0b28f1184d7ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"von Hake, C. A.","contributorId":7699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"von Hake","given":"C. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70168598,"text":"70168598 - 1978 - Geodimeter measurements and the Southern California uplift","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-14T08:30:51","indexId":"70168598","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geodimeter measurements and the Southern California uplift","docAbstract":"<p>Modern surveying instruments, such as geodimeters, are capable of measuring distances in the range of 1 to 30 kilometers with remarkable precision. Indeed, the present limitation upon the precision of measurement is not the resolution of the instruments themselves but rather the uncertainty introduced by variations in the velocity of light in the atmosphere between the two endpoints of the measured distance. This capability in precise distance measurement can be applied to earthquake studies by using repeated distance measurements to determine changes in the distance between monuments located along the major faults. Such measurements have been made along the San Andreas fault since late 1959, and, as a result, a wealth of data on crustal deformation in that area is now available. In fact, geodimeter measurements of this type furnish a more stable measure of secular strain (change in the ratio of length to length) than any continuously recording strain meter. The superiority of the geodimeter measurement stems principally from the long base line measured which averages over local inhomogeneities (cracks and joints in the rock, inclusions, and so forth).</p>\n<p>This article describes the important features of the measurement technique as well as some results for the region of the southern California uplift. &nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Prescott, W., and Savage, J., 1978, Geodimeter measurements and the Southern California uplift: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 10, no. 4, p. 131-135.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"131","endPage":"135","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":318216,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Southern California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.66308593749999,\n              34.52466147177172\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.345703125,\n              35.06597313798418\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.1474609375,\n              37.26530995561875\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.673828125,\n              36.27970720524017\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.66308593749999,\n              34.52466147177172\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56c99c52e4b059daa47c9ac7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prescott, W.H.","contributorId":96337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prescott","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Savage, J.C. 0000-0002-5114-7673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5114-7673","contributorId":102876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70010358,"text":"70010358 - 1978 - An automated procedure for the simultaneous determination of specific conductance and pH in natural water samples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-07T17:18:18.137467","indexId":"70010358","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":760,"text":"Analytica Chimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An automated procedure for the simultaneous determination of specific conductance and pH in natural water samples","docAbstract":"<p><span>An automated, continuous-flow system is utilized to determine specific conductance and pH simultaneously in natural waters. A direct electrometric procedure is used to determine values in the range pH 4–9. The specific conductance measurements are made with an electronically modified, commercially available conductivity meter interfaced to a separate module containing the readout control devices and printer. The system is designed to switch ranges automatically to accommodate optimum analysis of widely varying conductances ranging from a few μmhos cm</span><sup>-1</sup><span>&nbsp;to 15,000 μmho cm</span><sup>-1</sup><span>. Thirty samples per hour can be analyzed. Comparison of manual and automated procedures for 40 samples showed that the average differences were 1.3% for specific conductance and 0.07 units for pH. The relative standard deviation for 25 replicate values for each of five samples was significantly less than 1% for the specific conductance determination; the standard deviation for the pH determination was ⩽ 0.06 pH units.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0003-2670(01)83567-4","usgsCitation":"Eradmann, D.E., and Taylor, H.E., 1978, An automated procedure for the simultaneous determination of specific conductance and pH in natural water samples: Analytica Chimica Acta, v. 99, no. 2, p. 269-274, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(01)83567-4.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"269","endPage":"274","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":219447,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea20e4b0c8380cd4865f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eradmann, D. E.","contributorId":91620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eradmann","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, Howard E. hetaylor@usgs.gov","contributorId":1551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Howard","email":"hetaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":358713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70010378,"text":"70010378 - 1978 - Preservation of cycad and Ginkgo pollen","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-20T15:55:12","indexId":"70010378","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3275,"text":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preservation of cycad and Ginkgo pollen","docAbstract":"Pollen grains of Ginkgo, Cycas, and Encephalartos were chemically treated together with pollen of Quercus, Alnus, and Pinus, the latter three genera being used as standards. The experiments showed that: (1) boiling the pollen for 8-10 hours in 10% KOH had little if any effect on any of the grains; (2) lengthy acetolysis treatment produced some degradation or corrosion, particularly in Ginkgo and Cycas, but the grains of even these genera remained easily recognizable; (3) oxidation with KMnO4 followed by H2O2 showed that pollen of Ginkgo, Cycas, and Encephalartos remains better preserved than that of Quercus and Alnus, and although Ginkgo and Encephalartos probably are slightly less resistant to oxidation than Pinus, no great differences exists between these monosulcate types and Pinus. Thus the experiments show that, at least for sediments low in bacteria, cycad and Ginkgo pollen should be well represented in the fossil record as far as their preservational capabilities are concerned. ?? 1978.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0034-6667(78)90036-2","issn":"00346667","usgsCitation":"Frederiksen, N.O., 1978, Preservation of cycad and Ginkgo pollen: Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, v. 25, no. 2, p. 163-179, https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-6667(78)90036-2.","startPage":"163","endPage":"179","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218720,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269802,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0034-6667(78)90036-2"}],"volume":"25","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8b4fe4b0c8380cd7e1f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frederiksen, N. O.","contributorId":78356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frederiksen","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}