{"pageNumber":"5859","pageRowStart":"146450","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184582,"records":[{"id":70001048,"text":"70001048 - 1977 - 10. The surface and interior of venus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:33","indexId":"70001048","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:30","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3454,"text":"Space Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"10. The surface and interior of venus","docAbstract":"Present ideas about the surface and interior of Venus are based on data obtained from (1) Earth-based radio and radar: temperature, rotation, shape, and topography; (2) fly-by and orbiting spacecraft: gravity and magnetic fields; and (3) landers: winds, local structure, gamma radiation. Surface features, including large basins, crater-like depressions, and a linear valley, have been recognized from recent ground-based radar images. Pictures of the surface acquired by the USSR's Venera 9 and 10 show abundant boulders and apparent wind erosion. On the Pioneer Venus 1978 Orbiter mission, the radar mapper experiment will determine surface heights, dielectric constant values and small-scale slope values along the sub-orbital track between 50??S and 75??N. This experiment will also estimate the global shape and provide coarse radar images (40-80 km identification resolution) of part of the surface. Gravity data will be obtained by radio tracking. Maps combining radar altimetry with spacecraft and ground-based images will be made. A fluxgate magnetometer will measure the magnetic fields around Venus. The radar and gravity data will provide clues to the level of crustal differentiation and tectonic activity. The magnetometer will determine the field variations accurately. Data from the combined experiments may constrain the dynamo mechanism; if so, a deeper understanding of both Venus and Earth will be gained. ?? 1977 D. Reidel Publishing Company.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Space Science Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF02186462","issn":"00386308","usgsCitation":"Masursky, H., Kaula, W., McGill, G., Pettengill, G., Phillips, R., Russell, C., Schubert, G., and Shapiro, I., 1977, 10. The surface and interior of venus: Space Science Reviews, v. 20, no. 4, p. 431-449, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02186462.","startPage":"431","endPage":"449","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":19041,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02186462"},{"id":203533,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c68e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Masursky, H.","contributorId":33823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masursky","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kaula, W.M.","contributorId":23674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaula","given":"W.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGill, G.E.","contributorId":14436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGill","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pettengill, G.H.","contributorId":43899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pettengill","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Phillips, R.J.","contributorId":93174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Russell, C.T.","contributorId":32275,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Russell","given":"C.T.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":33607,"text":"University of California Los Angeles","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":346597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schubert, G.","contributorId":51679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schubert","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Shapiro, I.I.","contributorId":107408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"I.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70000995,"text":"70000995 - 1977 - New geochronologic and palaeomagnetic data for the hominid-bearing Hadar Formation of Ethiopia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:37","indexId":"70000995","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:30","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New geochronologic and palaeomagnetic data for the hominid-bearing Hadar Formation of Ethiopia","docAbstract":"A 2.6 Myr K/Ar age has been derived for a primary unreworked tuff high in the hominid-bearing Hadar Formation (Kada Hadar Member), stratigraphically above all the important fossil finds. A 2.6 Myr fission track age has been derived on zircons from this tuff. New K/Ar results on the Kadada Moumou basalt (Sidi Hakoma Member) suggest a 3.0 Myr age. Preliminary interpretation of a detailed continuous palaeomagnetic section through the formation indicates the existence of persistent normal and reversed sequences. With the radiometric age control this magnetic sequence appears to correlate with the Gauss Epoch. These initial results imply the fossil-rich Hadar Formation spans from somewhat older than 3.1 Myr to somewhat younger than 2.6 Myr. ?? 1977 Nature Publishing Group.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/267323a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Aronson, J., Schmitt, T., Walter, R., Taieb, M., Tiercelin, J., Johanson, D., Naeser, C.W., and Nairn, A., 1977, New geochronologic and palaeomagnetic data for the hominid-bearing Hadar Formation of Ethiopia: Nature, v. 267, no. 5609, p. 323-327, https://doi.org/10.1038/267323a0.","startPage":"323","endPage":"327","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":19028,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/267323a0"},{"id":203522,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"267","issue":"5609","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db697845","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aronson, J.L.","contributorId":31883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aronson","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmitt, T.J.","contributorId":34633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitt","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walter, R.C.","contributorId":26796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walter","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Taieb, M.","contributorId":79602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taieb","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tiercelin, J.J.","contributorId":91977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiercelin","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Johanson, D.C.","contributorId":42690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johanson","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Naeser, C. W.","contributorId":17582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naeser","given":"C.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Nairn, A.E.M.","contributorId":7400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nairn","given":"A.E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70000996,"text":"70000996 - 1977 - Rapidly-formed ferromanganese deposit from the eastern Pacific Hess Deep","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:33","indexId":"70000996","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:30","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rapidly-formed ferromanganese deposit from the eastern Pacific Hess Deep","docAbstract":"A thick ferromanganese deposit encrusting fresh basaltic glass has been dredged from the Hess Deep in the eastern Pacific. Contiguous layers within the Fe-Mn crust have been analysed for uranium-series isotopes and metal contents. The rate of accumulation of the deposit, based on the decline of uranium-unsupported 230Th, is calculated to be approximately 50 mm per 106 yr. Based on hydration-rind dating of the underlying glass and an 'exposure age' calculation, this rate is concluded to be too slow, and an accretion rate on the order of 1 mm per 103 yr is more consistent with our data. ?? 1977 Nature Publishing Group.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/265596a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Burnett, W.C., and Piper, D., 1977, Rapidly-formed ferromanganese deposit from the eastern Pacific Hess Deep: Nature, v. 265, no. 5595, p. 596-600, https://doi.org/10.1038/265596a0.","startPage":"596","endPage":"600","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":19029,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/265596a0"},{"id":203384,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"265","issue":"5595","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649375","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burnett, W. C.","contributorId":39779,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burnett","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piper, D.Z.","contributorId":34154,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Piper","given":"D.Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70001024,"text":"70001024 - 1977 - Voyager imaging experiment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:37","indexId":"70001024","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:30","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3454,"text":"Space Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Voyager imaging experiment","docAbstract":"The overall objective of this experiment is exploratory reconnaissance of Jupiter, Saturn, their satellites, and Saturn's rings. Such reconnaissance, at resolutions and phase angles unobtainable from Earth, can be expected to provide much new data relevant to the atmospheric and/or surface properties of these bodies. The experiment also has the following specific objectives: Observe and characterize the global circulation of the atmospheres of Jupiter and Saturn; Determine the horizontal and vertical structure of the visible clouds and establish their relationship to the belted appearance and dynamical properties of the planetary atmospheres; Determine the vertical structure of high, optically-thin, scattering layers on Jupiter and Saturn; Determine the nature of anomalous features such as the Great Red Spot, South Equatorial Belt disturbances, etc.; Characterize the nature of the colored material in the clouds of Jupiter and Saturn, and identify the nature and sources of chromophores on Io and Titan; Perform comparative geologic studies of many satellites at less than 15-km resolution; Map and characterize the geologic structure of several satellites at high resolution (???1 km); Investigate the existence and nature of atmospheres on the satellites; Determine the mass, size, and shape of many of the satellites by direct measurement; Determine the direction of the spin axes and periods of rotation of several satellites, and establish coordinate systems for the larger satellites; Map the radial distribution of material in Saturn's rings at high resolution; Determine the optical scattering properties of the primaries, rings, and satellites at several wavelengths and phase angles; Search for novel physical phenomena, e.g., phenomena associated with the Io flux tube, meteors, aurorae, lightning, or satellite shadows. ?? 1977 D. Reidel Publishing Company.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Space Science Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00200847","issn":"00386308","usgsCitation":"Smith, B., Briggs, G., Danielson, G., Cook, A., Davies, M.E., Hunt, G., Masursky, H., Soderblom, L., Owen, T., Sagan, C., and Suomi, V., 1977, Voyager imaging experiment: Space Science Reviews, v. 21, no. 2, p. 103-127, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00200847.","startPage":"103","endPage":"127","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":19038,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00200847"},{"id":203773,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e480fe4b07f02db4d6d16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, B.A.","contributorId":17616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Briggs, G.A.","contributorId":34242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Danielson, G. E.","contributorId":51890,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Danielson","given":"G. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cook, A.F. II","contributorId":95184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"A.F.","suffix":"II","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Davies, M. E.","contributorId":26050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davies","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hunt, G.E.","contributorId":68318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Masursky, H.","contributorId":33823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masursky","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Soderblom, L.A. 0000-0002-0917-853X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0917-853X","contributorId":6139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderblom","given":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Owen, T.C.","contributorId":62603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owen","given":"T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Sagan, C.","contributorId":42336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sagan","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Suomi, V.E.","contributorId":68869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suomi","given":"V.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70001008,"text":"70001008 - 1977 - Entropy, materials, and posterity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:37","indexId":"70001008","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:30","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1795,"text":"Geologische Rundschau","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Entropy, materials, and posterity","docAbstract":"Materials and energy are the interdependent feedstocks of economic systems, and thermodynamics is their moderator. It costs energy to transform the dispersed minerals of Earth's crust into ordered materials and structures. And it costs materials to collect and focus the energy to perform work - be it from solar, fossil fuel, nuclear, or other sources. The greater the dispersal of minerals sought, the more energy is required to collect them into ordered states. But available energy can be used once only. And the ordered materials of industrial economies become disordered with time. They may be partially reordered and recycled, but only at further costs in energy. Available energy everywhere degrades to bound states and order to disorder - for though entropy may be juggled it always increases. Yet industry is utterly dependent on low entropy states of matter and energy, while decreasing grades of ore require ever higher inputs of energy to convert them to metals, with ever increasing growth both of entropy and environmental hazard. Except as we may prize a thing for its intrinsic qualities - beauty, leisure, love, or gold - low-entropy is the only thing of real value. It is worth whatever the market will bear, and it becomes more valuable as entropy increases. It would be foolish of suppliers to sell it more cheaply or in larger amounts than their own enjoyment of life requires, whatever form it may take. For this reason, and because of physical constraints on the availability of all low-entropy states, the recent energy crises is only the first of a sequence of crises to be expected in energy and materials as long as current trends continue. The apportioning of low-entropy states in a modern industrial society is achieved more or less according to the theory of competitive markets. But the rational powers of this theory suffer as the world grows increasingly polarized into rich, over-industrialized nations with diminishing resource bases and poor, supplier nations with little industry. The theory also discounts posterity, the more so as population density and percapita rates of consumption continue to grow. A new social, economic, and ecologic norm that leads to population control, conservation, and an apportionment of low-entropy states across the generations is needed to assure to posterity the options that properly belong to it as an important but voiceless constituency of the collectivity we call mankind. ?? 1977 Ferdinand Enke Verlag Stuttgart.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geologische Rundschau","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF01989599","issn":"00167835","usgsCitation":"Cloud, P., 1977, Entropy, materials, and posterity: Geologische Rundschau, v. 66, no. 1, p. 678-696, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01989599.","startPage":"678","endPage":"696","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":19033,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01989599"},{"id":203740,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"66","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f3e4b07f02db5ef881","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cloud, P.","contributorId":65973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloud","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70000994,"text":"70000994 - 1977 - Palaeomagnetic stratigraphy of the Koobi Fora Formation, East of Lake Turkana (Lake Rudolf), Kenya (reply)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:36","indexId":"70000994","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:30","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Palaeomagnetic stratigraphy of the Koobi Fora Formation, East of Lake Turkana (Lake Rudolf), Kenya (reply)","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/268670a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Hillhouse, J., 1977, Palaeomagnetic stratigraphy of the Koobi Fora Formation, East of Lake Turkana (Lake Rudolf), Kenya (reply): Nature, v. 268, no. 5621, https://doi.org/10.1038/268670a0.","startPage":"670","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487108,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/268670a0","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":19027,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/268670a0"},{"id":203663,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"268","issue":"5621","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689d40","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hillhouse, J.","contributorId":46670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hillhouse","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70001050,"text":"70001050 - 1977 - Physiological characteristics of mercury uptake by two estuarine species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:33","indexId":"70001050","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:30","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2660,"text":"Marine Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Physiological characteristics of mercury uptake by two estuarine species","docAbstract":"Rapid uptake and slow loss of Hg will result from short exposures of some organisms to this metal, due to the transformation of Hg to a slowly exchanging form within the organisms. The extent of the difference between exposure time and depuration time will depend upon the rate of transformation during uptake. For the polychaete worm Neanthes succinea and the shrimp Palaemon debilis such transformations are extremely rapid. The exchange of Hg from the slowly exchanging compartment is similar among a wide variety of species. Thus, interspecies differences in susceptibility to Hg may be determined by differences in biochemical transformation rates and physiological permeability to the metal. ?? 1977 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00394914","issn":"00253162","usgsCitation":"Luoma, S., 1977, Physiological characteristics of mercury uptake by two estuarine species: Marine Biology, v. 41, no. 3, p. 269-273, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00394914.","startPage":"269","endPage":"273","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":19042,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00394914"},{"id":203346,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b42f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luoma, S. N.","contributorId":86353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"S. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70001038,"text":"70001038 - 1977 - The Aristarchus-Harbinger region of the moon: Surface geology and history from recent remote-sensing observations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:34","indexId":"70001038","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:30","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3569,"text":"The Moon","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Aristarchus-Harbinger region of the moon: Surface geology and history from recent remote-sensing observations","docAbstract":"The region including the Aristarchus Plateau and Montes Harbinger is probably the most diverse, geologically, of any area of comparble size on the Moon. This part of the northwest quadrant of the lunar near side includes unique dark mantling material; both the densest concentration and the largest of the sinuous rilles; apparent volcanic vents, sinks, and domes; mare materials of various ages and colors; one of the freshest large craters (Aristarchus) with ejecta having unique colors and albedos; and three other large craters in different states of flooding and degradation (krieger, Herodotus, and Prinz). The three best-authenticated lunar transient phenomena were also observed here. This study is based principally on photographic and remote sensing observations made from Earth and Apollo orbiting space craft. Results include (1) delineation of geologic map units and their stratigraphic relationships; (2) discussion of the complex interrelationships between materials of volcanic and impact origin, including the effects of excavation, redistribution and mixing of previously deposited materials by younger impact craters; (3) deduction of physical and chemical properties of certain of the geologic units, based on both the remote-sensing information and on extrapolation of Apollo data to this area; and (4) development of a detailed geologic history of the region, outlining the probable sequence of events that resulted in its present appearance. A primary concern of the investigation has been anomalous red dark mantle on the Plateau. Based on an integration of Earth- and lunar orbit-based data, this layer seems to consist of fine-grained, block-free material containing a relatively large fraction of orange glass. It is probably of pyroclastic origin, laid down at some time during the Imbrian period of mare flooding. ?? 1977 D. Reidel Publishing Company.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Moon","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00566853","issn":"00270903","usgsCitation":"Zisk, S., Hodges, C.A., Moore, H., Shorthill, R., Thompson, T., Whitaker, E.A., and Wilhelms, D., 1977, The Aristarchus-Harbinger region of the moon: Surface geology and history from recent remote-sensing observations: The Moon, v. 17, no. 1, p. 59-99, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00566853.","startPage":"59","endPage":"99","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":19039,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00566853"},{"id":203595,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683401","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zisk, S.H.","contributorId":35311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zisk","given":"S.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hodges, C. A.","contributorId":104495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodges","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moore, H. J.","contributorId":71962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"H. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shorthill, R.W.","contributorId":20321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shorthill","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thompson, T.W.","contributorId":78736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Whitaker, E. A.","contributorId":43086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitaker","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wilhelms, D.E.","contributorId":82302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilhelms","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70001062,"text":"70001062 - 1977 - Stable isotopes in mineralogy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:34","indexId":"70001062","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:29","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3066,"text":"Physics and Chemistry of Minerals","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stable isotopes in mineralogy","docAbstract":"Stable isotope fractionations between minerals are functions of the fundamental vibrational frequencies of the minerals and therefore bear on several topics of mineralogical interest. Isotopic compositions of the elements H, C, O, Si, and S can now be determined routinely in almost any mineral. A summary has been made of both published and new results of laboratory investigations, analyses of natural materials, and theoretical considerations which bear on the importance of temperature, pressure, chemical composition and crystal structure to the isotopic properties of minerals. It is shown that stable isotope studies can sometimes provide evidence for elucidating details of crystal structure and can be a powerful tool for use in tracing the reaction paths of mineralogical reactions. ?? 1977 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Physics and Chemistry of Minerals","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00307527","issn":"03421791","usgsCitation":"O’Neil, J.R., 1977, Stable isotopes in mineralogy: Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, v. 2, no. 1-2, p. 105-123, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00307527.","startPage":"105","endPage":"123","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":19043,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307527"},{"id":203683,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48b2e4b07f02db5312ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Neil, J. R.","contributorId":69633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neil","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70000990,"text":"70000990 - 1977 - Application of Sr and O isotope relations to the petrogenesis of the alkaline rocks of the Red Hill complex, New Hampshire, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:37","indexId":"70000990","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:29","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of Sr and O isotope relations to the petrogenesis of the alkaline rocks of the Red Hill complex, New Hampshire, USA","docAbstract":"The Red Hill ring complex in central New Hampshire is composed of apparently cogenetic syenites, nepheline-sodalite syenite, and granite. The ages and petrogenetic relations among five of the six recognized units have been investigated by rubidiumstrontium and oxygen isotope analysis of whole rocks and separated minerals. Whole-rock samples from three syenite units are consistent with a single Rb-Sr isochron which gives an age of 198??3 m.y. and an initial (87Sr/86Sr)o ratio of 0.70330??0.00016 (??2 sigma; ??=1.42?? 10-11y-1). However, Sr isotope data for two other units, nepheline syenite and granite, are not consistent with this isochron but rather indicate higher initial ratios which range from 0.7033 to about 0.707. Whole-rock O isotope analyses give ??18O values which range from+6.2 to+9.3??? Sr and O isotope analyses on mineral separates indicate that observed whole-rock variations in (87Sr/86Sr)o are primary and are not due to any secondary process. The fact that the isotope systematics correlate with rock type, suggests that crustal interaction is likely to have played a significant role in the development of this over-and undersaturated association. Such process(es), while still not fully delineated, could be of fundamental importance to the genesis of associations of critically undersaturated and oversaturated intrusives. The data support the idea that interaction between magmas and crustal materials strongly influenced the compositional relations of similar complexes elsewhere including those of the White Mountain magma series. ?? 1977 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00371061","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Foland, K., and Friedman, I., 1977, Application of Sr and O isotope relations to the petrogenesis of the alkaline rocks of the Red Hill complex, New Hampshire, USA: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 65, no. 2, p. 213-225, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00371061.","startPage":"213","endPage":"225","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":19026,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00371061"},{"id":203524,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"65","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67ab87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foland, K.A.","contributorId":13357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foland","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Friedman, I.","contributorId":95596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70001065,"text":"70001065 - 1977 - Note on the chromatographic analyses of marine polyunsaturated fatty acids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:34","indexId":"70001065","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:29","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2660,"text":"Marine Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Note on the chromatographic analyses of marine polyunsaturated fatty acids","docAbstract":"Gas-liquid chromatography was used to study the effects of saponification/methylation and thin-layer chromatographic isolation on the analyses of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Using selected procedures, the qualitative and quantitative distribution of these acids in marine organisms can be determined with a high degree of accuracy. ?? 1977 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00396256","issn":"00253162","usgsCitation":"Schultz, D., and Quinn, J., 1977, Note on the chromatographic analyses of marine polyunsaturated fatty acids: Marine Biology, v. 40, no. 2, p. 117-120, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00396256.","startPage":"117","endPage":"120","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487116,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/gsofacpubs/2162","text":"External Repository"},{"id":203715,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":19045,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00396256"}],"volume":"40","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db696aa3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schultz, D.M.","contributorId":98310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schultz","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Quinn, J.G.","contributorId":14936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quinn","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70001063,"text":"70001063 - 1977 - A digital file of the lunar normal Albedo","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:34","indexId":"70001063","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:29","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3569,"text":"The Moon","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A digital file of the lunar normal Albedo","docAbstract":"A digital file of the normal albedo of the Moon has been produced at a resolution of about 1/550 of a lunar diameter (about 6.3 km). The file was produced from five photographs taken with the 61-cm reflector of the Northern Arizona University Astrophysical Observatory. No mosaicking was necessary. Spatial control is selenodetic rather than landmark-morphologic. Photometric control is provided through a combination of electrography and regular photoelectric photometry. Pixel photometric function corrections are employed. The file was provided as data base for the Lunar Consortium. Brief discussion of the scientific implications of the frequency histogram is offered, and the negligibility of lunar limb darkening below e{open} = 77?? is affirmed. It is specifically desired not to withhold these data from publication while more significant and detailed scientific interpretation is carried on. ?? 1977 D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht-Holland.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Moon","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00596728","issn":"00270903","usgsCitation":"Wildey, R., 1977, A digital file of the lunar normal Albedo: The Moon, v. 16, no. 2, p. 231-277, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00596728.","startPage":"231","endPage":"277","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":19044,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00596728"},{"id":203684,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6aed72","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wildey, R.L.","contributorId":9700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wildey","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70001022,"text":"70001022 - 1977 - Distribution of pollutants from a new paper plant in southern Lake Champlain, Vermont and New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:34","indexId":"70001022","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:29","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1539,"text":"Environmental Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of pollutants from a new paper plant in southern Lake Champlain, Vermont and New York","docAbstract":"From November of 1973 to May of 1974, 15 arrays of sediment traps were placed along 33 km of southern Lake Champlain to sample the distribution of effluent from a large paper plant located on the western shore which had commenced operation in 1971. In the arrays located near the effluent diffuser pipeline as much as 2.3 cm of sediment accumulated, whereas elsewhere in the lake less than 1 cm accumulated. In the area of accelerated accumulation, sediments contained high concentrations of several components used in or derived from paper manufacturing. Values for kaolinite, expressed as the ratio of kaolinite to chlorite, for example, were as high as 1.4, anatase (TiO2) concentrations were as high as 0.8%, organic carbon 8.7%, and phosphorus 254 ??g/g; all were more abundant than in sediments collected in traps to the south or north. In surficial bottom sediments collected near each array organic carbon and phosphorus were also higher (4.2% and 127 ??g/g respectively) near the diffuser than elsewhere. Thus, the new plant after three years of production measurably affected the composition of suspended sediment and surficial bottom sediment despite the construction and use of extensive facilities to reduce the flow of pollutants to the lake. ?? 1977 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF02380502","issn":"09430105","usgsCitation":"Mason, D., Folger, D.W., Haupt, R., McGirr, R., and Hoyt, W., 1977, Distribution of pollutants from a new paper plant in southern Lake Champlain, Vermont and New York: Environmental Geology, v. 1, no. 6, p. 341-347, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02380502.","startPage":"341","endPage":"347","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480615,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/46764>","text":"External Repository"},{"id":19037,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02380502"},{"id":203682,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db634f3b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mason, D.L.","contributorId":40712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Folger, D. W.","contributorId":97126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Folger","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haupt, R.S.","contributorId":24901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haupt","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGirr, R.R.","contributorId":29114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGirr","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hoyt, W.H.","contributorId":88069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoyt","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70000749,"text":"70000749 - 1977 - Application of epithermal neutron activation in multielement analysis of silicate rocks employing both coaxial Ge(Li) and low energy photon detector systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:38","indexId":"70000749","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:27","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2438,"text":"Journal of Radioanalytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of epithermal neutron activation in multielement analysis of silicate rocks employing both coaxial Ge(Li) and low energy photon detector systems","docAbstract":"The instrumental activation analysis of silicate rocks using epithermal neutrons has been studied using both high resolution coaxial Ge(Li) detectors and low energy photon detectors, and applied to the determination of 23 elements in eight new U.S.G.S. standard rocks. The analytical use X-ray peaks associated with electron capture or internal conversion processes has been evaluated. Of 28 elements which can be considered to be determinable by instrumental means, the epithermal activation approach is capable of giving improved sensitivity and precision in 16 cases, over the normal INAA procedure. In eleven cases the use of the low energy photon detector is thought to show advantages over convertional coaxial Ge(Li) spectroscopy. ?? 1977 Akade??miai Kiado??.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Radioanalytical Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF02517318","issn":"01340719","usgsCitation":"Baedecker, P.A., Rowe, J., and Steinnes, E., 1977, Application of epithermal neutron activation in multielement analysis of silicate rocks employing both coaxial Ge(Li) and low energy photon detector systems: Journal of Radioanalytical Chemistry, v. 40, no. 1-2, p. 115-146, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02517318.","startPage":"115","endPage":"146","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":19013,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02517318"},{"id":203553,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a990","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baedecker, P. A.","contributorId":95444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baedecker","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rowe, J.J.","contributorId":29460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowe","given":"J.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steinnes, E.","contributorId":79603,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Steinnes","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70000748,"text":"70000748 - 1977 - Survey of trace elements in coals and coal-related materials by neutron activation analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:36","indexId":"70000748","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:27","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2438,"text":"Journal of Radioanalytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survey of trace elements in coals and coal-related materials by neutron activation analysis","docAbstract":"Utilizing primarily instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and other analytical methods as many as 61 elements were quantitatively surveyed in 170 U.S. whole coals, 70 washed coals, and 40 bench samples. Data on areal and vertical distributions in various regions were obtained along with extensive information on the mode of occurrence of various elements in the coal matrix itself. ?? 1977 Akade??miai Kiado??.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Radioanalytical Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF02520217","issn":"01340719","usgsCitation":"Ruch, R., Cahill, R., Frost, J., Camp, L., and Gluskoter, H., 1977, Survey of trace elements in coals and coal-related materials by neutron activation analysis: Journal of Radioanalytical Chemistry, v. 38, no. 1-2, p. 415-424, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02520217.","startPage":"415","endPage":"424","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":19012,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02520217"},{"id":203609,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db6885c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruch, R.R.","contributorId":80804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruch","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cahill, R.A.","contributorId":66393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cahill","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Frost, J.K.","contributorId":45436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frost","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Camp, L.R.","contributorId":108235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Camp","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gluskoter, H.J.","contributorId":75957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gluskoter","given":"H.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70000750,"text":"70000750 - 1977 - The precision and accuracy of iterative and non-iterative methods of photopeak integration in activation analysis, with particular reference to the analysis of multiplets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:38","indexId":"70000750","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:27","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2438,"text":"Journal of Radioanalytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The precision and accuracy of iterative and non-iterative methods of photopeak integration in activation analysis, with particular reference to the analysis of multiplets","docAbstract":"The relative precisions obtainable using two digital methods, and three iterative least squares fitting procedures of photopeak integration have been compared empirically using 12 replicate counts of a test sample with 14 photopeaks of varying intensity. The accuracy by which the various iterative fitting methods could analyse synthetic doublets has also been evaluated, and compared with a simple non-iterative approach. ?? 1977 Akade??miai Kiado??.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Radioanalytical Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF02517230","issn":"01340719","usgsCitation":"Baedecker, P.A., 1977, The precision and accuracy of iterative and non-iterative methods of photopeak integration in activation analysis, with particular reference to the analysis of multiplets: Journal of Radioanalytical Chemistry, v. 39, no. 1-2, p. 239-254, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02517230.","startPage":"239","endPage":"254","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":19014,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02517230"},{"id":203453,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a70e4b07f02db641c85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baedecker, P. A.","contributorId":95444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baedecker","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70001087,"text":"70001087 - 1977 - Preliminary stress measurements in central California using the hydraulic fracturing technique","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:36","indexId":"70001087","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:21","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3209,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preliminary stress measurements in central California using the hydraulic fracturing technique","docAbstract":"Use of the hydraulic fracturing technique for determining in situ stress is reviewed, and stress measurements in wells near the towns of Livermore, San Ardo, and Menlo Park, California are described in detail. In the Livermore well, four measurements at depths between 110 and 155 m indicate that the least principal compressive stress is horizontal and increases from 1.62 to 2.66 MPa. The apparent direction of maximum compression is N 70?? E (??40??). At the San Ardo site the least principal stress is that due to the overburden weight. At depths of 240.2 and 270.7 m the minimum and maximum horizontal stresses are estimated to be 11.4 and 22.5 MPa, and 12.0 (??1.1) and 15.8 (??3.3) MPa, respectively. From an impression of the fracture at 240.2 m, the direction of maximum compression appears to be about N 15?? E. The rock in the Menlo Park well is too highly fractured to yield a reliable measurement of the horizontal stresses. The data indicate, however, that the least principal stress is vertical (due to the overburden weight) to a depth of 250 m. ?? 1977 Birkha??user Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Birkha??user-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF01637101","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"Zoback, M.D., Healy, J.H., and Roller, J., 1977, Preliminary stress measurements in central California using the hydraulic fracturing technique: Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH, v. 115, no. 1-2, p. 135-152, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01637101.","startPage":"135","endPage":"152","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203362,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":19054,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01637101"}],"volume":"115","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aace4b07f02db66a62e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zoback, Mark D.","contributorId":80275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zoback","given":"Mark","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Healy, J. H.","contributorId":48968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roller, J.C.","contributorId":12507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roller","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70001069,"text":"70001069 - 1977 - A crystal-chemical classification of borate structures with emphasis on hydrated borates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:37","indexId":"70001069","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:20","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3066,"text":"Physics and Chemistry of Minerals","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A crystal-chemical classification of borate structures with emphasis on hydrated borates","docAbstract":"The rules governing formation of hydrated borate polyanions that were proposed by C.L. Christ in 1960 are critically reviewed and new rules added on the basis of recent crystal structure determinations. Principles and classifications previously published by others are also critically reviewed briefly. The fundamental building blocks from which borate polyanions can be constructed are defined on the basis of the number n of boron atoms, and the fully hydrated polyanions are illustrated. Known structures are grouped accordingly, and a shorthand notation using n and symbols ?? = triangle, T = tetrahedron is introduced so that the polyanions can be easily characterized. For example, 3:??+2T describes [B3O3(OH)5]2-. Correct structural formulas are assigned borates with known structures whereas borates of unknown structure are grouped separately. ?? 1977 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Physics and Chemistry of Minerals","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00307525","issn":"03421791","usgsCitation":"Christ, C., and Clark, J.R., 1977, A crystal-chemical classification of borate structures with emphasis on hydrated borates: Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, v. 2, no. 1-2, p. 59-87, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00307525.","startPage":"59","endPage":"87","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203549,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":19046,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307525"}],"volume":"2","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b111d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christ, C. L.","contributorId":53906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christ","given":"C. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, J. R.","contributorId":55764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70001080,"text":"70001080 - 1977 - Stable isotope studies of metasomatic Ca-Fe-Al-Si skarns and associated metamorphic and igneous rocks, Osgood Mountains, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:33","indexId":"70001080","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:20","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stable isotope studies of metasomatic Ca-Fe-Al-Si skarns and associated metamorphic and igneous rocks, Osgood Mountains, Nevada","docAbstract":"Garnet-pyroxene skarns were formed 90 m.y. B.P. in the Osgood Mountains at or near contacts of grandiorite with calcareous rocks of the Cambrian Preble Formation. The metasomatic replacement followed contact metamorphic recrystallization of the Preble. The sources, temperature, and variation in H2O/CO2 ratios of the metasomatic fluid are interpreted from 269 analyses of oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and sulfur isotopes in whole rocks, minerals and inclusion fluids. Skarns formed in three mineralogical stages. Oxygen isotope data indicate that temperatures during the crystallization of garnet, pyroxene and wollastonite (Stage I) were least 550 ?? C, and that the metasomatic fluid had an {Mathematical expression} ??? 0.035 in the massive skarns, and ??? 0.12 in vein skarns up to 3 cm thick. Pore fluids in isotopic equilibrium with garnet in calc-silicate metamorphic rocks, on the other hand, had {Mathematical expression} ??? 0.15. The metasomatic fluids of Stage I were derived primarily from the crystallizing magma. The isotopic composition of magmatic water was ??18O =+9.0, ??D= -30 to -45. Oxygen isotope temperatures of greater than 620 ?? C were determined for the granodiorite. Isotopic and chemical equilibria between mineral surfaces and the metasomatic fluid were approached simultaneously in parts of the skarn several meters or more apart, while isotopic and chemical disequilibria (i.e. zoning) have been preserved between 20 to 40 ??m-thick zones in grandite garnet. More Fe-, or andradite-rich garnet crystallized in more H2O-rich C-O-H fluids ( {Mathematical expression} ??? 0.01) than present with grossularite-rich garnet ( {Mathematical expression}??? 0.035). Stage II was marked by the replacement of garnet and pyroxene by quartz, amphibole, plagioclase, epidote, magnetite, and calcite. Many of the replacement reactions took place over a relatively narrow range in temperature (480-550 ?? C), as indicated by 18O fractionations between quartz and amphibole. Meteoric water comprised 20 to 50% of the metasomatic fluid during Stage II. Calcite was formed along with pyrite, minor pyrrhotite, and chalcopyrite during Stage III, although the crystallization of pyrite and calcite had begun earlier, during Stages I and II, respectively. Carbon and sulfur isotope compositions of calcite and pyrite indicate a magmatic source for most of the C and S in the metasomatic fluids of Stage III. By the end of Stage III, meteoric water constituted as much as 100% of the metasomatic fluid. Minerals from grandiorite and skarn do not show large depletions in 18O because the oxygen isotope composition of the metasomatic fluid was buffered by the calcareous wall rocks and the grandiorite. Meteoric water in the vicinity of the Osgood Mountains during the Late Crectaceous (??18Ocale. ??? -14.0, ??D = - 107) was slightly enriched in 18O and D relative to present-day meteoric water (??18O = 15.9, ??D = - 117) ?? 1977 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00371674","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Taylor, B., and O’Neil, J.R., 1977, Stable isotope studies of metasomatic Ca-Fe-Al-Si skarns and associated metamorphic and igneous rocks, Osgood Mountains, Nevada: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 63, no. 1, p. 1-49, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00371674.","startPage":"1","endPage":"49","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203650,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":19050,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00371674"}],"volume":"63","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e1e4b07f02db5e482c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, B.E.","contributorId":23262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Neil, J. R.","contributorId":69633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neil","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70001074,"text":"70001074 - 1977 - The landslide hazard in the San Francisco Bay region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-04T14:39:30.865839","indexId":"70001074","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The landslide hazard in the San Francisco Bay region","docAbstract":"<p>Development in hilly or mountainous terrain has resulted in much landslide damage. Areas susceptible to landsliding can be recognized. Practices for minimizing landslides are presented.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00280865","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Brabb, E.E., 1977, The landslide hazard in the San Francisco Bay region: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 7, no. 2, p. 237-238, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00280865.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"237","endPage":"238","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203616,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":378104,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00280865","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.22265625000001,\n              37.046408899699564\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.31103515625,\n              37.046408899699564\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.31103515625,\n              38.38472766885085\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.22265625000001,\n              38.38472766885085\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.22265625000001,\n              37.046408899699564\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a83e4b07f02db64b835","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brabb, E. E.","contributorId":43780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brabb","given":"E.","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5221389,"text":"5221389 - 1977 - Prolonged retention of methyl mercury by mallard drakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-01T19:22:50.64454","indexId":"5221389","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:27","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1103,"text":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prolonged retention of methyl mercury by mallard drakes","docAbstract":"Mallard drakes accumulated mercury rapidly from dietary dosage of methylmercury dicyandiamide and eliminated it slowly, retaining approximately one half at the end of 84 days; no measurable loss occurred between the end of the 7th and 56th days, but loss resumed concurrently with new feather growth, and continued through the 112th day, the close of the study.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01683707","usgsCitation":"Stickel, L., Stickel, W.H., McLane, M.A., and Bruns, M., 1977, Prolonged retention of methyl mercury by mallard drakes: Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 18, no. 4, p. 393-400, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01683707.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"393","endPage":"400","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198515,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-08-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65dd4f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stickel, L.F.","contributorId":41095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stickel","given":"L.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stickel, W. H.","contributorId":23239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stickel","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McLane, M. Anne Ross","contributorId":107799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLane","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Anne Ross","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bruns, M.","contributorId":106605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bruns","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5224833,"text":"5224833 - 1977 - Effects of tide cycles on habitat selection and habitat partitioning by migrating shorebirds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-16T09:39:17","indexId":"5224833","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:27","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of tide cycles on habitat selection and habitat partitioning by migrating shorebirds","docAbstract":"<p><span>We studied assemblages of feeding shorebirds in three intertidal habitats on the coast of New Jersey during August to document how species segregate spatially both among and within habitats and to determine the effects of tidal cycles on these patterns. The habitats were a sandy beach facing the ocean proper (outer beach), a sandy beach on the mainland side of a barrier island (inner beach), and a small mudflat adjacent to a <i>Spartina alterniflora</i> salt marsh. We were able to identify several microhabitats on the outer beach and mudflat. Most species fed in more than one habitat, but only two, <i>Charadrius semipalmatus</i> and <i>Calidris canutus</i>, used all three habitats regularly. Within habitats, most species exhibited strong preferences for the wettest areas, but we found differences among species in degrees of preference. The least amount of partitioning occurred on the inner beach, where birds crowded into a small zone near the water's edge and had frequent agonistic encounters suggesting intense competition. Shorebird feeding activity was partly a function of tide time: each habitat had a characteristic temporal pattern of use by shorebirds related to tide time rather than diel time; within habitats, we found species-characteristic feeding activity rhythms that were also a function of tide time. Feeding by most species peaked during the first 2 hours after low tide on the outer beach and mudflat. The results are discussed in terms of feeding strategies and interspecific competition.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/4085271","usgsCitation":"Burger, J., Howe, M., Hahn, D., and Chase, J., 1977, Effects of tide cycles on habitat selection and habitat partitioning by migrating shorebirds: The Auk, v. 94, no. 4, p. 743-758, https://doi.org/10.2307/4085271.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"743","endPage":"758","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202186,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db61004e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burger, J.","contributorId":25894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burger","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Howe, M.A.","contributorId":70462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howe","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hahn, D.C. 0000-0002-5242-2059","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5242-2059","contributorId":46447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hahn","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":342831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chase, J.","contributorId":62327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chase","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5224528,"text":"5224528 - 1977 - The seventy-seventh Audubon Christmas bird count. 355. Ocean City, Md","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:09","indexId":"5224528","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:27","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":708,"text":"American Birds","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The seventy-seventh Audubon Christmas bird count. 355. Ocean City, Md","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Robbins, C., 1977, The seventy-seventh Audubon Christmas bird count. 355. Ocean City, Md: American Birds, v. 31, no. 4, p. 558-559.","productDescription":"558-559","startPage":"558","endPage":"559","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196156,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a62e4b07f02db6364f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5223193,"text":"5223193 - 1977 - The seventy-seventh Audubon Christmas bird count.  366.  Back Bay Nat'l Wildlife Refuge, Va","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:41","indexId":"5223193","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:27","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":708,"text":"American Birds","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The seventy-seventh Audubon Christmas bird count.  366.  Back Bay Nat'l Wildlife Refuge, Va","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Sykes, P., 1977, The seventy-seventh Audubon Christmas bird count.  366.  Back Bay Nat'l Wildlife Refuge, Va: American Birds, v. 31, no. 4, p. 564-565.","productDescription":"564-565","startPage":"564","endPage":"565","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200099,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a62e4b07f02db63653c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sykes, P. Jr.","contributorId":75653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sykes","given":"P.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5223194,"text":"5223194 - 1977 - The seventy-seventh Audubon Christmas bird count.  379.  Little Creek, Va","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:41","indexId":"5223194","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:27","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":708,"text":"American Birds","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The seventy-seventh Audubon Christmas bird count.  379.  Little Creek, Va","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Sykes, P., 1977, The seventy-seventh Audubon Christmas bird count.  379.  Little Creek, Va: American Birds, v. 31, no. 4, p. 570-571.","productDescription":"570-571","startPage":"570","endPage":"571","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200100,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a62e4b07f02db63650f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sykes, P. Jr.","contributorId":75653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sykes","given":"P.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}