Fisheries managers have a growing interest in the use of carbon dioxide (CO2) as a tool for controlling invasive fishes. However, limited published data exist on susceptibility of many commonly encountered species to elevated CO2 concentrations. Our objective was to estimate the 24-h 50% lethal concentration (LC50) and 95% lethal concentration (LC95) of CO2 for four fishes (Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, Common Carp Cyprinus carpio, Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus, and Westslope Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi). In the laboratory, we exposed juvenile fish to a range of CO2 concentrations for 24 h in unpressurized, flow-through tanks. We developed a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the dose-response relationship for each fish species with associated uncertainty, and estimated 24-h LC50 and LC95 values based on laboratory trials for each species. The minimum concentration inducing mortality differed among cold water–adapted species and warm water–adapted species groups: 150 mg CO2/L for Westslope Cutthroat Trout and Rainbow Trout and 225 mg CO2/L for Common Carp and Channel Catfish. We observed complete mortality at 275 mg CO2/L (38,672 microatmospheres [μatm]), 225 mg CO2/L (30,711 μatm), and 495 mg CO2/L (65,708 μatm [Common Carp]; 77,213 μatm [Channel Catfish]) for Westslope Cutthroat Trout, Rainbow Trout, and both Common Carp and Channel Catfish, respectively. There was evidence of a statistical difference between the 24-h LC95 values of Westslope Cutthroat Trout and Rainbow Trout (245.0 [222.2–272.2] and 190.6 [177.2–207.8] mg CO2/L, respectively). Additionally, these values were almost half the estimated 24-h LC95 values for Common Carp and Channel Catfish (422.5 [374.7–474.5] and 434.2 [377.2–492.2] mg CO2/L, respectively). Although the experimental findings show strong relationships between increased CO2 concentration and higher mortality, additional work is required to assess the efficacy and feasibility of a CO2 application in a field setting.
Ferromanganese (FeMn) crusts provide a useful paleoenvironmental archive for studying the poorly understood climatic, oceanographic, and geologic evolution of the Arctic Ocean. This study is based on the identification and temporal reconstruction of sources and inferred transport pathways of terrigenous material in FeMn crusts collected from several sites across the Amerasia Basin. Samples from the Alpha Ridge (AR), Mendeleev Ridge (MR), and Chukchi Borderland (CB) have similar chemical compositions and high detrital contents. Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopic compositions of the terrigenous detritus extracted from the FeMn crust layers show spatial and temporal variability due to the variable proportions of inputs from the North American and East Siberian margins and local submarine outcrops. The temporal resolution is restricted by macroscopic crust layers, which represent times of significant changes in the depositional environment and are used to study first-order environmental changes. During the period of ca. 4.4 to 3.8 Myr ago, detritus in the MR area was derived mostly from the Laptev Sea. Then, until about 1.3 Myr ago, FeMn crusts from MR received a higher volcanic component sourced from the East Siberian Sea, with mixing of detritus from the Okhotsk-Chukotka volcanic belt (OCVB) area and possibly weathering of local MR outcrops, which is mostly High Arctic Large Igneous Province (HALIP) rocks. The period from about 1.3 Myr ago to the present reflects enhanced contributions of detritus from the Canadian Shield, approximately equal to the East Siberian contribution for the MR area. CB crusts show three main periods of distinct detrital input. During the period ca. 5.5–5.0 Myr ago, CB detritus was sourced from local submarine outcrops of the Jurassic-Cretaceous HALIP rocks and possibly from northeast Siberia, including OCVB rocks, while during the period from about 5.0 to 3.6 Myr ago, the CB FeMn crusts had a much greater input of detritus from the North American margin. After 3.6 Myr ago, the CB detritus shows a mixed composition predominantly sourced from North America with some material transported from the Bering Sea and smaller contributions from northeast Siberia. The AR crust was influenced mostly by detritus sourced from the Canadian Shield.
This study shows that FeMn crusts from the Arctic ocean are a useful tool and archive for climate reconstruction and depositional history of this polar region.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.margeo.2020.106280","usgsCitation":"Konstantinova, N., Hein, J.R., Mizell, K., Cherkashov, G., Dreyer, B., and Hutchinson, D., 2020, Changes in sediment source areas to the Amerasia Basin, Arctic Ocean, over the past 5.5 million years based on radiogenic isotopes (Sr, Nd, Pb) of detritus from ferromanganese crusts: Marine Geology, v. 428, 106280, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2020.106280.","productDescription":"106280, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-098992","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":456265,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2020.106280","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":363812,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Amerasia Basin, Arctic Ocean","volume":"428","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konstantinova, Natalia","contributorId":215588,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Konstantinova","given":"Natalia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38016,"text":"Saint Petersburg State University and Institute for Geology and Mineral Resources of the Ocean, Saint Petersburg.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":762738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hein, James R. 0000-0002-5321-899X jhein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":140835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"James","email":"jhein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":762739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mizell, Kira 0000-0002-5066-787X kmizell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5066-787X","contributorId":4914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mizell","given":"Kira","email":"kmizell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":762740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cherkashov, Georgy","contributorId":215589,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cherkashov","given":"Georgy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38016,"text":"Saint Petersburg State University and Institute for Geology and Mineral Resources of the Ocean, Saint Petersburg.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":762741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dreyer, Brian","contributorId":215590,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dreyer","given":"Brian","affiliations":[{"id":39289,"text":"University of California at Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":762742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hutchinson, Deborah 0000-0002-2544-5466 dhutchinson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2544-5466","contributorId":174836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"Deborah","email":"dhutchinson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":762743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70210945,"text":"70210945 - 2020 - Primary sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to streambed sediment in Great Lakes tributaries using multiple lines of evidence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-07T17:50:09.099416","indexId":"70210945","displayToPublicDate":"2020-06-25T13:49:34","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Primary sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to streambed sediment in Great Lakes tributaries using multiple lines of evidence","docAbstract":"Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are among the most widespread and potentially toxic contaminants in Great Lakes (USA/Canada) tributaries. The sources of PAHs are numerous and diverse, and identifying the primary source(s) can be difficult. The present study used multiple lines of evidence to determine the likely sources of PAHs to surficial streambed sediments at 71 locations across 26 Great Lakes Basin watersheds. Profile correlations, principal component analysis, positive matrix factorization source‐receptor modeling, and mass fractions analysis were used to identify potential PAH sources, and land‐use analysis was used to relate streambed sediment PAH concentrations to different land uses. Based on the common conclusion of these analyses, coal‐tar–sealed pavement was the most likely source of PAHs to the majority of the locations sampled. The potential PAH‐related toxicity of streambed sediments to aquatic organisms was assessed by comparison of concentrations with sediment quality guidelines. The sum concentration of 16 US Environmental Protection Agency priority pollutant PAHs was 7.4–196 000 µg/kg, and the median was 2600 µg/kg. The threshold effect concentration was exceeded at 62% of sampling locations, and the probable effect concentration or the equilibrium partitioning sediment benchmark was exceeded at 41% of sampling locations. These results have important implications for watershed managers tasked with protecting and remediating aquatic habitats in the Great Lakes Basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.4727","usgsCitation":"Baldwin, A.K., Corsi, S., Oliver, S.K., Lenaker, P.L., Nott, M.A., Mills, M.A., Norris, G.A., and Paatero, P., 2020, Primary sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to streambed sediment in Great Lakes tributaries using multiple lines of evidence: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 39, no. 7, p. 1392-1408, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.4727.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1392","endPage":"1408","numberOfPages":"17","ipdsId":"IP-106377","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":456268,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.4727","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":376159,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.74658203125,\n 40.48038142908172\n ],\n [\n -75.1025390625,\n 40.48038142908172\n ],\n [\n -75.1025390625,\n 47.989921667414194\n ],\n [\n -92.74658203125,\n 47.989921667414194\n ],\n [\n -92.74658203125,\n 40.48038142908172\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"39","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baldwin, Austin K. 0000-0002-6027-3823 akbaldwi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6027-3823","contributorId":4515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldwin","given":"Austin","email":"akbaldwi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Corsi, Steven R. 0000-0003-0583-5536 srcorsi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0583-5536","contributorId":172002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corsi","given":"Steven R.","email":"srcorsi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oliver, Samantha K. 0000-0001-5668-1165","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5668-1165","contributorId":211886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oliver","given":"Samantha","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lenaker, Peter L. 0000-0002-9469-6285 plenaker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9469-6285","contributorId":5572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lenaker","given":"Peter","email":"plenaker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nott, Michelle A. 0000-0003-3968-7586","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3968-7586","contributorId":221766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nott","given":"Michelle","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mills, Marc A.","contributorId":141085,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mills","given":"Marc","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12772,"text":"USEPA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":792261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Norris, Gary A.","contributorId":228850,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Norris","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6914,"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":792262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Paatero, Pentti","contributorId":228851,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paatero","given":"Pentti","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18162,"text":"University of Helsinki","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":792263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70228372,"text":"70228372 - 2020 - Environmental and social factors influencing wolf (Canis lupus) howling behavior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-09T17:10:50.432312","indexId":"70228372","displayToPublicDate":"2020-06-25T11:06:23","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1589,"text":"Ethology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Environmental and social factors influencing wolf (Canis lupus) howling behavior","title":"Environmental and social factors influencing wolf (Canis lupus) howling behavior","docAbstract":"Animals communicate in a variety of ways and calls are used for a number of important behaviors. Temperature, wind, time of day, and human activities can affect animals’ use of calls, particularly over long distances. Effects of group size on the use of calls can be particularly influential in territorial social carnivores. Where gray wolves (Canis lupus) are hunted by humans, for example, howling may make it easier for hunters to locate individuals and ultimately increase mortality. We hypothesized that a suite of factors would affect wolves’ responses to simulated howling. Specifically, we predicted that howling behavior would increase with (a) group size, (b) pup age, and (c) during crepuscular time periods and howling behavior would decrease (a) where wolves were harvested and (b) when it was hot or windy. Contrary to our prediction, larger groups did not respond as quickly to simulated wolf howls as smaller groups did and minimum and maximum daily temperatures were not good predictors of wolf howling response rates. Individuals in small litters of pups may have responded more quickly to howls than those in large litters because they are eager to seek safety from and have socialization with adults returning from foraging bouts. Although harvest did not appear to affect vocal communication by wolves, group size, pup age, time of day, wind, and number of howls emitted greatly affected wolves’ behavior and responses during howling surveys. Howling responses did not change because of harvest; response rates from wolves were nearly identical with (2.2%) and without (2.3%) harvest. The year-round benefits of long-distance vocal communication may outweigh the costs of increased mortality arising from howling during harvest season.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/eth.13041","usgsCitation":"Ausband, D.E., Bassing, S., and Mitchell, M.S., 2020, Environmental and social factors influencing wolf (Canis lupus) howling behavior: Ethology, v. 126, no. 9, p. 890-899, https://doi.org/10.1111/eth.13041.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"890","endPage":"899","ipdsId":"IP-114742","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":395687,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"126","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-06-25","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ausband, David Edward 0000-0001-9204-9837","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9204-9837","contributorId":275329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ausband","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"Edward","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":834002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bassing, Sarah B.","contributorId":275330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bassing","given":"Sarah B.","affiliations":[{"id":342,"text":"Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":834004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mitchell, Michael S. 0000-0002-0773-6905 mmitchel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0773-6905","contributorId":3716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"Michael","email":"mmitchel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":834003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70210965,"text":"70210965 - 2020 - Evidence for rapid gut clearance of microplastic polyester fibers fed to Chinook Salmon: A tank study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-08T15:24:54.612535","indexId":"70210965","displayToPublicDate":"2020-06-25T10:23:11","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for rapid gut clearance of microplastic polyester fibers fed to Chinook Salmon: A tank study","docAbstract":"Marine and freshwater plastic pollution is a challenging issue receiving large amounts of research and media attention. Yet, few studies have documented the impact of microplastic ingestion to aquatic organisms. In the Pacific Northwest, Chinook salmon are a culturally and commercially significant fish species. The presence of marine and freshwater microplastic pollution is well documented in Chinook salmon habitat, yet no research has investigated the impacts to salmon from microplastic ingestion. The majority of the marine microplastics found in the Salish Sea are microfibers, synthetic extruded polymers that come from commonly worn clothing. To understand the potential impacts of microfiber ingestion to fish, we ran a feeding experiment with juvenile Chinook salmon to determine if ingested fibers are retained or digestion rates altered over a 10 day digestion period. The experiment was completed in two trials, each consisted of 20 control and 20 treatment fish. Treatment fish were each fed an amended ration of 12 food pellets spiked with 20 polyester microfibers and control fish were fed the same ration without added microfibers. Fish were sampled at day 0, 3, 5, 7, and 10 to assess if fibers were retained in their gastrointestinal tract and to determine the rate of digestion. Fibers for the experiment came from washing a red polyester fleece jacket in a microfiber retention bag. Fibers had a mean length of 4.98 mm. Results showed fish were able to clear up to 94% of fed fibers over 10 days. Differences in mean gastrointestinal mass were not statistically significant at any sampled time between treatment and controls, suggesting that the ingestion of microfibers did not alter digestion rates. Further work is needed to understand if repeated exposures, expected in the environment, alter digestion or food assimilation for growth.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115083","usgsCitation":"Spanjer, A.R., Liedtke, T.L., Conn, K., Weiland, L.K., Black, R.W., and Godfrey, N., 2020, Evidence for rapid gut clearance of microplastic polyester fibers fed to Chinook Salmon: A tank study: Environmental Pollution, v. 265, 115083, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115083.","productDescription":"115083, 8 p.","ipdsId":"IP-118266","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":456272,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115083","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":376203,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"265","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spanjer, Andrew R. 0000-0002-7288-2722 aspanjer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7288-2722","contributorId":150395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spanjer","given":"Andrew","email":"aspanjer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liedtke, Theresa L. 0000-0001-6063-9867 tliedtke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6063-9867","contributorId":2999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liedtke","given":"Theresa","email":"tliedtke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conn, Kathleen E. 0000-0002-2334-6536 kconn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2334-6536","contributorId":3923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conn","given":"Kathleen E.","email":"kconn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weiland, Lisa K. 0000-0002-9729-4062 lweiland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9729-4062","contributorId":3565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weiland","given":"Lisa","email":"lweiland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Black, Robert W. 0000-0002-4748-8213 rwblack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4748-8213","contributorId":1820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Black","given":"Robert","email":"rwblack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Godfrey, Nathan","contributorId":228861,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Godfrey","given":"Nathan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":41520,"text":"University of Washington-Tacoma","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":792306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70210856,"text":"70210856 - 2020 - Small gradients in salinity have large effects on stand water use in freshwater wetland forests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-30T12:46:08.952686","indexId":"70210856","displayToPublicDate":"2020-06-25T07:42:12","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Small gradients in salinity have large effects on stand water use in freshwater wetland forests","docAbstract":"Salinity intrusion is responsible for changes to freshwater wetland watersheds globally, but little is known about how wetland water budgets might be influenced by small increments in salinity. We studied a forested wetland in South Carolina, USA, and installed sap flow probes on 72 trees/shrubs along a salinity gradient. Species investigated included the trees baldcypress (Taxodium distichum [L.] Rich.), water tupelo (Nyssa aquatica L.), swamp tupelo (Nyssa biflora Walt.), and the shrub waxmyrtle (Morella cerifera (L.) Small). This study improves upon past reliance on greenhouse seedling studies by adding measurements of trees/shrubs along a salinity gradient, and better describes the role of low salinity on water use in freshwater wetland forests. We measured patterns of water use related to salinity, atmospheric conditions and season, and hypothesized that salinity would influence wetland forest water use through two mechanisms: salinity disturbances would yield stands with species and size classes that transpire less and individual trees with less conductive xylem tissue (i.e., sapwood). Both hypotheses held. At salinity concentrations ranging from fresh to 3 psu, forest structural changes alone resulted in stand water use reductions from 494 mm year-1 in freshwater stands to 316 mm year-1 in stands of slightly higher salinity. Tree sapwood function (inferred from radial sap flux profiles) also changed along this gradient and reduced sap flow rates by an additional 13.3% per unit increase in salinity (psu). Thus, stand water use was further reduced to 190 mm year-1 on saline sites. We found that forest structure is not the only change that affects water use in salinized watersheds; individual tree eco-physiological responses to salinity, manifesting in different radial sap flow profiles, are important as well.
The age of an animal, determined by time (chronological age) as well as genetic and environmental factors (biological age), influences the likelihood of mortality and reproduction and thus the animal’s contribution to population growth. For many long-lived species, such as bats, a lack of external and morphological indicators has made determining age a challenge, leading researchers to examine genetic markers of age for application to demographic studies. One widely studied biomarker of age is telomere length, which has been related both to chronological and biological age across taxa, but only recently has begun to be studied in bats. We assessed telomere length from the DNA of known-age and minimum known-age individuals of two bat species using a quantitative PCR assay. We determined that telomere length was quadratically related to chronological age in big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus), although it had little predictive power for accurate age determination of unknown-age individuals. The relationship was different in little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus), where telomere length instead was correlated with biological age, apparently due to infection and wing damage associated with white-nose syndrome. Furthermore, we showed that wing biopsies currently are a better tissue source for studying telomere length in bats than guano and buccal swabs; the results from the latter group were more variable and potentially influenced by storage time. Refinement of collection and assessment methods for different non-lethally collected tissues will be important for longitudinal sampling to better understand telomere dynamics in these long-lived species. Although further work is needed to develop a biomarker capable of determining chronological age in bats, our results suggest that biological age, as reflected in telomere length, may be influenced by extrinsic stressors such as disease.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/jmammal/gyaa064","usgsCitation":"Ineson, K.M., O’Shea, T.J., Kilpatrick, C.W., Parise, K.L., and Foster, J.T., 2020, Ambiguities in using telomere length for age determination in two North American bat species: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 101, no. 4, p. 958-969, https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyaa064.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"958","endPage":"969","ipdsId":"IP-116044","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":456276,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyaa064","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":421248,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"101","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-06-25","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ineson, Katherine M 0000-0002-8630-4691","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8630-4691","contributorId":330187,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ineson","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":12667,"text":"University of New Hampshire","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":884275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Shea, Thomas J. 0000-0002-0758-9730","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0758-9730","contributorId":207270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Shea","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":884276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kilpatrick, Charles W","contributorId":330188,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kilpatrick","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"W","affiliations":[{"id":13253,"text":"University of Vermont","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":884277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Parise, Katy L.","contributorId":201310,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Parise","given":"Katy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":884278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Foster, Jeffrey T.","contributorId":177905,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Foster","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":884279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70247373,"text":"70247373 - 2020 - Direct evidence for fluid pressure, dilatancy, and compaction affecting slip in isolated faults","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-31T11:12:52.169757","indexId":"70247373","displayToPublicDate":"2020-06-24T15:18:19","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Direct evidence for fluid pressure, dilatancy, and compaction affecting slip in isolated faults","docAbstract":"Earthquake instability occurs as a result of strength loss during sliding on a fault. It has been known for over 50 years that fault compaction or dilatancy may cause significant weakening or strengthening by dramatically changing the fluid pressure trapped in faults. Despite this fundamental importance, we have no real understanding of the exact conditions that lead to compaction or dilation during nucleation or rupture. To date, no direct measurements of pore pressure changes during slip in hydraulically isolated faults have been reported. We show direct examples of fluid pressure variations during nucleation and rupture using a miniature pressure transducer embedded in an experimental fault. We demonstrate that fluids are not only significant in controlling fault behavior, but can provide the dominant mechanism controlling fault stability. The effect of fluid pressure changes can exceed frictional variations predicted by rate- and state-dependent friction laws, exerting fundamental controls on earthquake rupture initiation.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2019GL086767","usgsCitation":"Proctor, B.P., Lockner, D., Kilgore, B.D., Mitchell, T.M., and Beeler, N.M., 2020, Direct evidence for fluid pressure, dilatancy, and compaction affecting slip in isolated faults: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 47, no. 16, e2019GL086767, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL086767.","productDescription":"e2019GL086767, 9 p.","ipdsId":"IP-111173","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":456279,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2019gl086767","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436918,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P98U3DZX","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data from the manuscript: Direct evidence for fluid pressure, dilatancy, and compaction affecting slip in isolated faults"},{"id":419435,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-08-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Proctor, Brooks P. 0000-0002-4878-8728 bproctor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4878-8728","contributorId":219209,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Proctor","given":"Brooks","email":"bproctor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":879358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lockner, David A. 0000-0001-8630-6833","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8630-6833","contributorId":261920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockner","given":"David A.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":879359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kilgore, Brian D. 0000-0003-0530-7979 bkilgore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-7979","contributorId":3887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kilgore","given":"Brian","email":"bkilgore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":879360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mitchell, Thomas M.","contributorId":102774,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mitchell","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":879361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Beeler, Nicholas M. 0000-0002-3397-8481 nbeeler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3397-8481","contributorId":2682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeler","given":"Nicholas","email":"nbeeler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":879362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70211636,"text":"70211636 - 2020 - Comment on 'Kidron (2018): Biocrust research: A critical view on eight common hydrological‐related paradigms and dubious theses. Ecohydrology, e2061'","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-10T20:20:42.025811","indexId":"70211636","displayToPublicDate":"2020-06-24T14:59:50","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1447,"text":"Ecohydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comment on 'Kidron (2018): Biocrust research: A critical view on eight common hydrological‐related paradigms and dubious theses. Ecohydrology, e2061'","docAbstract":"Kidron (2018) uses a straw man argument in an attempt to debunk eight putative hydrological‐related paradigms he believes to be “common among hydrologists, ecologists, or microbiologists that investigate biocrusts.” These paradigms relate to the roles of physical crusts and vascular plants in biocrust development, the major drivers (climate, porosity, hydrophobicity, and exopolysaccharides) of hydrology (infiltration and runoff), and the effect of mosses on hydrology and therefore vascular plants. We see two major problems with his arguments. First, they assume that the paradigms in question are generally accepted by biocrust researchers. Second, they are based on Kidron's (2018) world view of biocrusts, which has largely been informed by his own studies from a single, distinctly unique area of sand dunes at the Nizzana Research Site in the Negev Desert, Israel. This narrow focus and the selective use of published material disqualify his arguments. Our collective experience, based on more than 250 person years of biocrust research, and more than 700 scientific publications on biocrusts from all continents including Antarctica, indicates that, far from the straw man arguments proposed by Kidron (2018), there is no evidence to support the existence of a unifying theory that captures the global effects of biocrusts on hydrology. Our collective works demonstrate that, contrary to claims by Kidron (2018), the hydrological effects of biocrusts are strongly nuanced, varying with, but not limited to, differences in ecological context, landscape position, site condition, crust type and composition, climatic zone, soil texture and porosity, surface morphology, and spatial scale (reviewed in Weber, Büdel, & Belnap, 2016). Below, we critically analyse each of Kidron's (2018) paradigms, providing rigorous empirical evidence to show that none represent commonly held views among the biocrust research community.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/eco.2215","usgsCitation":"Felde, V.J., Rodriguez-Caballero, E., Chamizo, S., Rossi, F., Uteau, D., Peth, S., Keck, H., de Philippis, R., Belnap, J., and Eldridge, D.J., 2020, Comment on 'Kidron (2018): Biocrust research: A critical view on eight common hydrological‐related paradigms and dubious theses. Ecohydrology, e2061': Ecohydrology, v. 13, no. 6, e2215, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.2215.","productDescription":"e2215, 6 p.","ipdsId":"IP-118462","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":456283,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.2215","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":377108,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-06-24","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Felde, Vincent J. M. N. L. 0000-0002-1018-2376","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1018-2376","contributorId":237005,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Felde","given":"Vincent","email":"","middleInitial":"J. M. N. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodriguez-Caballero, Emilio 0000-0002-5934-3214","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5934-3214","contributorId":205639,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodriguez-Caballero","given":"Emilio","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37132,"text":"Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128 Mainz, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":794883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chamizo, Sonia 0000-0002-2980-1683","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2980-1683","contributorId":174264,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chamizo","given":"Sonia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27406,"text":"Department of Agronomy, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":794884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rossi, Federico 0000-0001-8367-6847","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8367-6847","contributorId":237006,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rossi","given":"Federico","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Uteau, Daniel 0000-0003-1499-4344","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1499-4344","contributorId":237007,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Uteau","given":"Daniel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Peth, Stephen 0000-0001-9799-212X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9799-212X","contributorId":237008,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peth","given":"Stephen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Keck, Hannes 0000-0001-7592-2833","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7592-2833","contributorId":237009,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Keck","given":"Hannes","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"de Philippis, Roberto 0000-0001-7398-3536","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7398-3536","contributorId":237010,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"de Philippis","given":"Roberto","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":794890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Eldridge, David J. 0000-0002-2191-486X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2191-486X","contributorId":207298,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eldridge","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":37514,"text":"Center for Ecosystem Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":794891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70210901,"text":"70210901 - 2020 - Highly competent native snake hosts extend the range of an introduced parasite beyond its invasive Burmese python host","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-03T02:35:27.576543","indexId":"70210901","displayToPublicDate":"2020-06-24T12:18:23","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Highly competent native snake hosts extend the range of an introduced parasite beyond its invasive Burmese python host","docAbstract":"Invasive Burmese pythons (Python bivittatus ) have introduced a nonnative pentastomid parasite (Raillietiella orientalis ) to southern Florida that has spilled over to infect native snakes. However, the extent of spillover, regarding prevalence and intensity, is unknown. We examined native snakes (n = 523) and invasive pythons (n = 1003) collected from Florida to determine the degree to which parasite spillover is occurring. We found R. orientalis has infected 13 species of native snakes collected from areas of sympatry with pythons. Prevalence and infection intensity of R. orientalis were significantly higher among native snakes compared with pythons. Moreover, adult female pentastomes achieved larger sizes and represented a greater proportion of the overall parasite population in native snakes vs. pythons, indicating native snakes are more competent hosts of R. orientalis than pythons. We also examined native snakes from regions of allopatry with pythons to determine how far R. orientalis has spread. We found an infected native snake 348 km north of the northernmost infected python. Our data show that native snakes are highly competent hosts of R. orientalis and have facilitated the rapid spread of this nonnative pentastome beyond the range of its invasive host.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.3153","usgsCitation":"Miller, M.A., Kinsella, J.M., Snow, R.W., Falk, B., Reed, R., Goetz, S.M., Mazzotti, F., Guyer, C., and Romagosa, C.M., 2020, Highly competent native snake hosts extend the range of an introduced parasite beyond its invasive Burmese python host: Ecosphere, v. 11, no. 6, e03153 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3153.","productDescription":"e03153 10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-119380","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":456285,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3153","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":376100,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Southeastern United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n 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M.","contributorId":190343,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kinsella","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":792027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Snow, Ray W.","contributorId":76449,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Snow","given":"Ray","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13415,"text":"Everglades National Park","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":792028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Falk, Bryan G.","contributorId":228787,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Falk","given":"Bryan G.","affiliations":[{"id":36189,"text":"National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":792029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reed, Robert 0000-0001-8349-6168 reedr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8349-6168","contributorId":152301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Robert","email":"reedr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Goetz, Scott M.","contributorId":228788,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goetz","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":41507,"text":"Auburn U.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":792031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mazzotti, Frank J.","contributorId":12358,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mazzotti","given":"Frank J.","affiliations":[{"id":12604,"text":"Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, 3205 College Avenue, University of Florida, Davie, FL 33314, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":792032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Guyer, Craig","contributorId":104800,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guyer","given":"Craig","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":792033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Romagosa, Christina M.","contributorId":200925,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Romagosa","given":"Christina","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":792034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70210733,"text":"ofr20201065 - 2020 - Graphical Dispersion Plot Editor (DPE) for seismic-site characterization by using multiple surface-wave methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-25T14:10:51.820144","indexId":"ofr20201065","displayToPublicDate":"2020-06-24T11:36:43","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2020-1065","displayTitle":"Graphical Dispersion Plot Editor (DPE) for Seismic-Site Characterization by Using Multiple Surface-Wave Methods","title":"Graphical Dispersion Plot Editor (DPE) for seismic-site characterization by using multiple surface-wave methods","docAbstract":"To understand the behavior of potentially damaging ground motions during earthquakes, seismic-site effects are routinely characterized by using the dispersion of surface waves. Many methods exist to measure dispersion; these methods have various advantages and disadvantages, but they all yield dispersion data that must be inverted for shear-wave velocity. This report presents a graphical tool for efficiently removing spurious data as well as combining data from multiple methods prior to inversion.
The Dispersion Plot Editor (DPE) program presented here (version 1.5) is coded in Python 3, which is open source and platform independent. DPE accepts input dispersion data as one or more delimited text files. The program plots the data in useful forms, including both scattered points and an interpolated heat map. The user selects points to delete by drawing arbitrary shapes with the mouse cursor. After the spurious data are removed, the user may represent the acceptable data with a dispersion curve. The acceptable data and the representative dispersion curve are output as separate comma-delimited text files. Images of the plotted data and the representative dispersion curve may also be saved.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20201065","usgsCitation":"McPhillips, D., Yong, A.K., Martin, A., and Stephenson, W.J., 2020, Graphical Dispersion Plot Editor (DPE) for seismic-site characterization by using multiple surface-wave methods: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2020–1065, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20201065.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 8 p.; Appendix","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-113656","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":375790,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1065/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":375791,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1065/ofr20201065.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":375792,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1065/ofr20201065_appendix.zip","size":"110 KB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}}],"contact":"Earthquake Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
350 N. Akron Road
Moffett Field, CA 94035
On 14–15 April 2015, an intense intermountain cyclone in the western USA caused high winds and a dust storm that degraded air quality in the eastern Great Basin, and deposited dust-on-snow (DOS) in the Wasatch Range near Salt Lake City, Utah. We analyzed the storm and documented its “source-to-sink” development to relate the frontal passage with dust mobilization, air quality changes, and dust deposition on montane snowpack near Alta, Utah. This case study is first to track a dust storm and measure the elemental composition and radiative properties of the resulting DOS as a single specific event layer in Wasatch montane snowpack; prior studies have assessed seasonally aggregated DOS deposits. Dust plumes on MODIS imagery indicate mobilization from known regional “hotspots” for aeolian activity, including clay- and silt-rich alluvium, modern playas, and disturbed areas within the Pleistocene Paleolake Bonneville Basin. This 2015 single event dust layer was 1–3 cm thick with a median dust size of 10.81–12.55 µm; its measured radiative properties are similar to aggregated dusts previously assessed in Wasatch snowpack. Dust from the 2015 DOS event is enriched in the elements As, Cd, Cu, and Mo by a 10× factor relative to average elemental concentrations in the upper continental crust; its heavy metals (Cu, Pb, As, Cd, Mo, Zn) are probably derived from regional mine operations. Tracking elemental fluxes from source-to-sink is important for resolving environmental impacts, and informing future analysis of single storm dust loading, ecosystem impacts, and quantity and quality of meltwater-fed drinking water.
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can induce abnormalities in organisms via alteration of molecular pathways and subsequent disruption of endocrine functions. Bisphenol A (BPA) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) are ubiquitous EDCs in the environment. Many aquatic organisms, including fish, are often exposed to varying concentrations of BPA and EE2 throughout their lifespan. Both BPA and EE2 can activate estrogenic signaling pathways and cause adverse effects on reproduction via alteration of pathways associated with steroidogenesis. However, transcriptional pathways that are affected by chronic exposure to these two ubiquitous environmental estrogens during embryonic, larval, and juvenile stages are not clearly understood. In the present study, we examined transcriptional alterations in the testis of medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) chronically exposed to a low concentration of BPA or EE2. Medaka were exposed to BPA (10 μg/L) or EE2 (0.01 μg/L) from 8 h post-fertilization (as embryos) to adulthood 50 days post fertilization (dpf), and transcriptional alterations in the testis were examined by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Transcriptomic profiling revealed 651 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between BPA-exposed and control testes, while 1475 DEGs were found between EE2-exposed and control testes. Gene ontology (GO) analysis showed a significant enrichment of “intracellular receptor signaling pathway”, “response to steroid hormone” and “hormone-mediated signaling pathway” in the BPA-induced DEGs, and of “cilium organization”, “microtubule-based process” and “organelle assembly” in the EE2-induced DEGs. Pathway analysis showed significant enrichment of “integrin signaling pathway” in both treatment groups, and of “cadherin signaling pathway”, “Alzheimer disease-presenilin pathway” in EE2-induced DEGs. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and insertion-deletion (Indel) analysis found no significant differences in mutation rates with either BPA or EE2 treatments. Taken together, global gene expression differences in testes of medaka during early stages of gametogenesis were responsive to chronic BPA and EE2 exposure.
Anaerobic microorganisms play a key role in the biological mercury (Hg) cycle due to their ability to produce bioaccumulative neurotoxic methylmercury (MeHg). However, despite recent advances, how bacteria accumulate inorganic Hg [Hg(II)] prior to methylation is largely unknown. In this study, we applied Hg stable isotopes to measure changes in cellular compartments of Geobacter sulfurreducens and a nonmethylating mutant strain to investigate intracellular transport of Hg(II). Both strains accumulated intracellular Hg(II) that was lower in δ202Hg relative to dissolved extracellular Hg(II), demonstrating mass-dependent fractionation during uptake. Hg reduction by the mutant strain (50% Hg concentration loss in 24 h) resulted in higher δ202Hg values of cellular Hg than in wild-type cells. Further observations showed increasing δ202Hg values in dissolved extracellular MeHg and Hg(II) but decreasing δ202Hg values of intracellular Hg(II) in wild-type G. sulfurreducens suggesting that external Hg pools may be the proximate source of Hg for methylation in this bacterium. This investigation demonstrates that cellular uptake is comprised of multiple processes and transformations that influence Hg(II) prior to methylation, which can impart distinct isotopic signatures to Hg(II) and MeHg pools in the environment.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/acs.estlett.0c00409","usgsCitation":"Wang, Y., Janssen, S., Schaefer, J.K., Yee, N., and Reinfelder, J.R., 2020, Tracing the uptake of Hg(II) in an iron-reducing bacterium using mercury stable isotopes: Environmental Science and Technology Letters, v. 7, no. 8, p. 573-578, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.0c00409.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"573","endPage":"578","ipdsId":"IP-120202","costCenters":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":381754,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-06-24","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, Yuwei","contributorId":149674,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Yuwei","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":807374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Janssen, Sarah E. 0000-0003-4432-3154","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4432-3154","contributorId":210991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janssen","given":"Sarah E.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schaefer, Jeffra K 0000-0002-9916-8078","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9916-8078","contributorId":245950,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schaefer","given":"Jeffra","email":"","middleInitial":"K","affiliations":[{"id":12727,"text":"Rutgers University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":807376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yee, Nathan 0000-0002-1023-5271","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1023-5271","contributorId":245952,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yee","given":"Nathan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12727,"text":"Rutgers University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":807377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reinfelder, John R 0000-0002-3737-604X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3737-604X","contributorId":215897,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reinfelder","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R","affiliations":[{"id":12727,"text":"Rutgers University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":807378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70233591,"text":"70233591 - 2020 - Arsenolipids in cultured Picocystis strain ML, and their occurrence in biota and sediment from Mono Lake, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-27T12:08:06.165445","indexId":"70233591","displayToPublicDate":"2020-06-24T07:06:14","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":10135,"text":"Life","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Arsenolipids in cultured Picocystis strain ML, and their occurrence in biota and sediment from Mono Lake, California","docAbstract":"Science-based management strategies are needed to halt or reverse the global decline of amphibians. In many cases, sound management requires reliable models built using monitoring data. Historically, monitoring and statistical modeling efforts have focused on estimating occupancy using detection–nondetection data. Spatial occupancy models are useful for studying colonization–extinction dynamics, but richer insights can be gained from estimating abundance and density-dependent demographic rates. We developed an integrated abundance-based metapopulation model of the processes contributing to spatiotemporal variation in patch population density. We fit our model to a combination of detection–nondetection and count data from a 14-yr study of a reintroduced metapopulation of federally threatened Chiricahua Leopard Frogs (Lithobates chiricahuensis). Pond-specific population growth rate was influenced by pond hydroperiod and frog density, such that permanent and semipermanent ponds with low densities of adult frogs experienced the highest annual population growth rates. Immigration rate declined as the distance among ponds increased. After reintroduction in 2003, metapopulation-level abundance increased and appeared to stabilize around 1300 adult frogs (95% CI = 1192–1471) by year 2015. Further, changes in metapopulation abundance were driven mostly by changes in abundance at a few ponds. These high-density populations, which would not have been identifiable with traditional occupancy-based metapopulation models, are likely especially important for species recovery in the area. Abundance-based metapopulation models can be widely applied to inform conservation efforts, by providing higher quality information needed to prioritize habitat patches for management and can be used to make more accurate predictions of metapopulation extinction risk.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Herpetologists' League","doi":"10.1655/0018-0831-76.2.240","usgsCitation":"Howell, P.E., Hossack, B., Muths, E., Sigafus, B.H., and Chandler, R., 2020, Informing amphibian conservation efforts with abundance-based metapopulation models: Herpetologica, v. 76, no. 2, p. 240-250, https://doi.org/10.1655/0018-0831-76.2.240.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"240","endPage":"250","ipdsId":"IP-111558","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":383399,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"76","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howell, Paige E","contributorId":251713,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Howell","given":"Paige","email":"","middleInitial":"E","affiliations":[{"id":12697,"text":"University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hossack, Blake R. 0000-0001-7456-9564","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7456-9564","contributorId":229347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hossack","given":"Blake R.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":810415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Muths, Erin L. 0000-0002-5498-3132","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5498-3132","contributorId":243368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muths","given":"Erin L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":810416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sigafus, Brent H. 0000-0002-7422-8927 bsigafus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7422-8927","contributorId":4534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sigafus","given":"Brent","email":"bsigafus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":810417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chandler, Richard B.","contributorId":251714,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chandler","given":"Richard B.","affiliations":[{"id":12697,"text":"University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70211174,"text":"70211174 - 2020 - Effects of snowpack, temperature, and disease on the demography of a wild population of amphibians","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-06T19:20:03.217264","indexId":"70211174","displayToPublicDate":"2020-06-23T10:51:29","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1892,"text":"Herpetologica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of snowpack, temperature, and disease on the demography of a wild population of amphibians","docAbstract":"Understanding the demographic consequences of interactions among pathogens, hosts, and weather conditions is critical in determining how amphibian populations respond to disease and in identifying site-specific conservation actions that can be developed to bolster persistence of amphibian populations. We investigated population dynamics in Boreal Toads (Anaxyrus boreas) relative to abiotic (fall temperatures and snowpack) and biotic (the abundance of another anuran host and disease) characteristics of the local environment in Wyoming, USA. We used capture–recapture data and a multistate model where state was treated as a hidden Markov process to incorporate disease state uncertainty and assess our a priori hypotheses. Our results indicated that snowpack during the coldest week of winter is more influential to toad survival, disease transition probabilities, and the population-level prevalence of the amphibian chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) in the spring, than temperatures in the fall or the presence of another host. As hypothesized, apparent survival at low (i.e., <25 cm) snowpack (0.22; confidence interval [CI] = 0.15–0.31) was lower than apparent survival at high snowpack (90.65; CI = 0.50–0.78). Our findings highlight the potential for local environmental factors, like snowpack, to influence disease and host persistence, and demonstrate the ecological complexity of disease effects on population demography in natural environments. This work further emphasizes the need for improved understanding of how climate change may influence the relationships among pathogens, hosts, and their environment for wild animal populations challenged by disease.
","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.1655/0018-0831-76.2.132","usgsCitation":"Muths, E., Hossack, B., Grant, E.H., Pilliod, D., and Mosher, B.A., 2020, Effects of snowpack, temperature, and disease on the demography of a wild population of amphibians: Herpetologica, v. 76, no. 2, p. 132-143, https://doi.org/10.1655/0018-0831-76.2.132.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"132","endPage":"143","ipdsId":"IP-111041","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":436920,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9VACHX0","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Capture-recapture, disease and covariate data for boreal toads from Blackrock Wyoming 2019"},{"id":376433,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Bridger-Teton National Forest, Togwetee Pass","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.37139892578125,\n 43.49676775343911\n ],\n [\n -109.86602783203125,\n 43.49676775343911\n ],\n [\n -109.86602783203125,\n 43.866218006556394\n ],\n [\n -110.37139892578125,\n 43.866218006556394\n ],\n [\n -110.37139892578125,\n 43.49676775343911\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"76","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muths, Erin L. 0000-0002-5498-3132","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5498-3132","contributorId":229346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muths","given":"Erin L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":792944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hossack, Blake R. 0000-0001-7456-9564","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7456-9564","contributorId":229347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hossack","given":"Blake R.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grant, Evan H. 0000-0003-4401-6496","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4401-6496","contributorId":229348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grant","given":"Evan","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pilliod, David S. 0000-0003-4207-3518","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4207-3518","contributorId":229349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pilliod","given":"David S.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mosher, Brittany A.","contributorId":189579,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mosher","given":"Brittany","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":792948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70211175,"text":"70211175 - 2020 - Amphibian population declines: 30 Years of progress in confronting a complex problem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-06T19:06:09.342924","indexId":"70211175","displayToPublicDate":"2020-06-23T10:49:25","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1892,"text":"Herpetologica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Amphibian population declines: 30 Years of progress in confronting a complex problem","docAbstract":"In 1989, it dawned on participants at the First World Congress of Herpetology that observed declines in amphibian populations might actually be global in scope and unprecedented in severity. Three decades of research since then has produced an enormous increase in our knowledge of amphibian ecology and appreciation of the complexity of possible causes for amphibian population declines. In September 2019, 30 yr after the First World Congress ended, a day-long, international symposium on amphibian population declines was held at the Redpath Museum of McGill University in Montreal, Canada. Symposium participants drew upon the knowledge gained over three decades of study to look ahead with fresh ideas to address this vital aspect of the global decline of biodiversity. Despite tremendous progress over the past three decades there is still much about amphibian ecology, population biology, and pathology that remains unknown. Amphibian declines have turned out to be more complex than originally expected and the result of multiple possible causes acting across landscapes, among taxa, or between populations in ways that are not at all uniform. The papers in this special issue of Herpetologica, which stem from the symposium, explore much of our current understanding of amphibian declines and their causes.
","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.1655/0018-0831-76.2.97","usgsCitation":"Green, D.M., Lannoo, M.J., LesBarreres, D., and Muths, E., 2020, Amphibian population declines: 30 Years of progress in confronting a complex problem: Herpetologica, v. 76, no. 2, p. 97-100, https://doi.org/10.1655/0018-0831-76.2.97.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"97","endPage":"100","ipdsId":"IP-114207","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":376431,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"76","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Green, David M.","contributorId":169671,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Green","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":792949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lannoo, Michael J","contributorId":229350,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lannoo","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[{"id":37145,"text":"Indiana University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":792950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"LesBarreres, David","contributorId":229351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"LesBarreres","given":"David","affiliations":[{"id":17996,"text":"Laurentian University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":792951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Muths, Erin L. 0000-0002-5498-3132","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5498-3132","contributorId":224061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muths","given":"Erin L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":792952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70211180,"text":"70211180 - 2020 - A synthesis of evidence of drivers of amphibian declines","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-16T15:46:40.508724","indexId":"70211180","displayToPublicDate":"2020-06-23T10:43:28","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1892,"text":"Herpetologica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A synthesis of evidence of drivers of amphibian declines","docAbstract":"Early calls for robust long-term time series of amphibian population data, stemming from discussion following the first World Congress of Herpetology, are now being realized after 25 yr of focused research. Inference from individual studies and locations have contributed to a basic consensus on drivers of amphibian declines. Until recently there were no large-scale syntheses of long-term time series data to test hypotheses about the generality of factors driving population dynamics at broad spatial scales. Through the U.S. Geological Survey's Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis, we brought together a group of scientists to elucidate mechanisms underlying amphibian declines in North America and Europe. We used time series of field data collected across dozens of study areas to make inferences with these combined data using hierarchical and spatial models. We bring together results from four syntheses of these data to summarize our state of knowledge of amphibian declines, identify commonalities that suggest further avenues of study, and suggest a way forward in addressing amphibian declines—by looking beyond specific drivers to how to achieve stability in remaining populations. The common thread of the syntheses is that declines are real but not ubiquitous, and that multiple factors drive declines but the relative importance of each factor varies among species, populations, and regions. We also found that climate is an important driver of amphibian population dynamics. However, the direction and magnitude of sensitivity to change vary among species in ways unlikely to explain overall rates of decline. Thirty years after the initial identification of a major catastrophe for global biodiversity, the scientific community has empirically demonstrated the reality of the problem, identified putative causes, provided evidence of their impacts, invested in broader-scale actions, and attempted meta-analyses to search out global drivers. We suggest an approach that focuses on key demographic rates that may improve amphibian population trends at multiple sites across the landscape.
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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1842JJ","usgsCitation":"Shaffer, J.A., Igl, L.D., Johnson, D.H., Sondreal, M.L., Goldade, C.M., Zimmerman, A.L., and Euliss, B.R., 2020, The effects of management practices on grassland birds—LeConte’s Sparrow (Ammospiza leconteii), chap. JJ of Johnson, D.H., Igl, L.D., Shaffer, J.A., and DeLong, J.P., eds., The effects of management practices on grassland birds: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1842, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1842JJ.","productDescription":"iv, 14 p.","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-095142","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":375707,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1842/jj/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":375708,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1842/jj/pp1842jj.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.05 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"PP 1842–JJ"}],"contact":"Director, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
8711 37th Street Southeast
Jamestown, ND 58401
Urbanization contributes to the formation of novel elemental combinations and signatures in terrestrial and aquatic watersheds, also known as ‘chemical cocktails.’ The composition of chemical cocktails evolves across space and time due to: (1) elevated concentrations from anthropogenic sources, (2) accelerated weathering and corrosion of the built environment, (3) increased drainage density and intensification of urban water conveyance systems, and (4) enhanced rates of geochemical transformations due to changes in temperature, ionic strength, pH, and redox potentials. Characterizing chemical cocktails and underlying geochemical processes is necessary for: (1) tracking pollution sources using complex chemical mixtures instead of individual elements or compounds; (2) developing new strategies for co-managing groups of contaminants; (3) identifying proxies for predicting transport of chemical mixtures using continuous sensor data; and (4) determining whether interactive effects of chemical cocktails produce ecosystem-scale impacts greater than the sum of individual chemical stressors. First, we discuss some unique urban geochemical processes which form chemical cocktails, such as urban soil formation, human-accelerated weathering, urban acidification-alkalinization, and Freshwater Salinization Syndrome. Second, we review and synthesize global patterns in concentrations of major ions, carbon and nutrients, and trace elements in urban streams across different world regions and make comparisons with reference conditions. In addition to our global analysis, we highlight examples from watersheds in the Baltimore-Washington DC area, USA, which show increased transport of major ions, trace metals, and nutrients across streams draining a well-defined land-use gradient. Urbanization increased the concentrations of multiple major and trace elements in streams draining human-dominated watersheds compared to reference conditions. Chemical cocktails of major and trace elements were formed over diurnal cycles coinciding with changes in streamflow, dissolved oxygen, pH, and other variables measured by high-frequency sensors. Some chemical cocktails of major and trace elements were also significantly related to specific conductance (p < 0.05), which can be measured by sensors. Concentrations of major and trace elements increased, peaked, or decreased longitudinally along streams as watershed urbanization increased, which is consistent with distinct shifts in chemical mixtures upstream and downstream of other major cities in the world. Our global analysis of urban streams shows that concentrations of multiple elements along the periodic table significantly increase when compared with reference conditions. Furthermore, similar biogeochemical patterns and processes can be grouped among distinct mixtures of elements of major ions, dissolved organic matter, nutrients, and trace elements as chemical cocktails. Chemical cocktails form in urban waters over diurnal cycles, decades, and throughout drainage basins. We conclude our global review and synthesis by proposing strategies for monitoring and managing chemical cocktails using source control, ecosystem restoration, and green infrastructure. We discuss future research directions applying the watershed chemical cocktail approach to diagnose and manage environmental problems. Ultimately, a chemical cocktail approach targeting sources, transport, and transformations of different and distinct elemental combinations is beneficial to more holistically monitor and manage the emerging impacts of chemical mixtures in the world's fresh waters.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2020.104632","usgsCitation":"Kaushal, S., Wood, K.L., Galella, J.G., Gion, A.M., Haq, S., Goodling, P.J., Haviland, K., Reimer, J.E., Morel, C.J., Wessel, B., Nguyen, W., Hollingsworth, J.W., Mei, K., Leal, J., Widmer, J., Sharif, R., Mayer, P.M., Newcomer Johnson, T.A., Newcomb, K.D., Smith, E., and Belt, K., 2020, Making ‘chemical cocktails’ – Evolution of urban geochemical processes across the periodic table of elements: Applied Geochemistry, v. 119, 104632, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2020.104632.","productDescription":"104632, 23 p.","ipdsId":"IP-114278","costCenters":[{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":456305,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7970522","text":"Publisher Index 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Core Science Systems
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Dr., MS 511
Reston, VA 20192
Email National Hydrography at nhd@usgs.gov
","tableOfContents":"