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values for the KSO4− ion are −245.96 and −274.02 kcal mole−1, and S° is +42.3 cal mole−1 deg−1.Seismic-refraction and electrical-resistivity measurements made along the walls of the Straight Creek Tunnel pilot bore indicate that both a low-velocity and a high-resistivity layer exist in the disturbed rock surrounding the excavation. Seismic measurements were analyzed to obtain the thickness and seismic velocity of rock in the low-velocity layer, the velocity of rock behind the layer and the amplitude of seismic energy received at the detectors. Electrical-resistivity measurements were analyzed to obtain the thickness and electrical resistivity of the high-resistivity layer and the resistivity of rock behind the layer. The electrical resistivity and the seismic velocity of rock at depth, the thickness of rock in the low-velocity layer, and the relative amplitude of seismic energy were correlated against the following parameters, all of which are important in tunnel construction: height of the tension arch, stable vertical rock load, rock quality, rate of construction and cost per foot, percentage of lagging and blocking, set spacing, and type and amount of steel support required, The correlations were statistically meaningful, having correlation coefficients ranging in absolute value from about 0·7 to nearly 1·0. This finding suggests the possibility of predicting parameters of interest in tunnel construction from geophysical measurements made in feeler holes drilled ahead of a working face. Predictions might be based on correlations established either during the early stages of construction or from geophysical surveys in other tunnels of similar design in similar geologic environments.
Geologic evidence suggests that a series of ultramafic complexes of the ‘Duke Island type’ located along a 560 km-long belt in southeastern Alaska crystallized from magmas of ultramafic composition. Some geologists have proposed that these magmas were derived by fractional fusion of ultramafic material in the upper mantle. The87Sr/86Sr ratios, corrected for growth of radiogenic87Sr, in total rock samples and in minerals from four ultramafic complexes range from 0.7026 to 0.7068, and the K/Rb ratios in total rock samples range from 300 to 1200. Other workers have reported that the isotopic composition of strontium in alpine peridotites is significantly different from that of oceanic volcanic rocks, but the87Sr/86Sr ratios of the Alaskan ultramafites and of oceanic volcanic rocks are similar.
Previous investigations have demonstrated the influences of interlayer cation composition, relative humidity, temperature, and magnitude of interlayer surface charge on the interlayer hydration of montmorillonites and vermiculites. It has been suggested that the sites of layer charge deficiencies may also have an influence upon the amount of hydration that can take place in the interlayers of expandable clay minerals. If the interlayer cation-to-layer bonds are considered as ideally electrostatic, the magnitude of the forces resisting expansion may be expressed as a form of Coulomb's law. If this effect is significant, expandable structures in which the charge-deficiency sites are predominantly in the tetrahedral sheet should have less pronounced swelling properties than should structures possessing charge deficiencies located primarily in the octahedral sheet.
Three samples that differed in location of layer charge sites were selected for study. An important selection criterion was a non-correlation between tetrahedral charge sites and high surface-charge density, and between octahedral charge sites and low surface-charge density.
The effects of differences in interlayer cation composition were eliminated by saturating portions of each sample with the same cations. Equilibrium (001) d values at controlled constant humidities were used as a measure of the relative degree of interlayer hydration.
Although no correlation could be made between the degree of interlayer hydration and total surface-charge density, the investigation does not eliminate total surface-charge density as being significant to the swelling properties of three-sheet clay-mineral structures. The results do indicate a correlation between more intense expandability and predominance of charge deficiencies in the octahedral sheet. Conversely, less intense swelling behavior is associated with predominantly tetrahedral charge deficiencies.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Clay Minerals Society","doi":"10.1346/CCMN.1968.0160109","usgsCitation":"Kerns, R.L., and Mankin, C.J., 1968, Structural charge site influence on the interlayer hydration of expandable three-sheet clay minerals: Clays and Clay Minerals, v. 16, no. 1, p. 73-81, https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.1968.0160109.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"73","endPage":"81","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218950,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9bd1e4b08c986b31d0e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kerns, Raymond L. Jr.","contributorId":75266,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kerns","given":"Raymond","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mankin, Charles J.","contributorId":102622,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mankin","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1000382,"text":"1000382 - 1968 - Species succession and fishery exploitation in the Great Lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-22T09:01:04","indexId":"1000382","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2543,"text":"Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Species succession and fishery exploitation in the Great Lakes","docAbstract":"The species composition of fish in the Great Lakes has undergone continual change since the earliest records. Some changes were caused by enrichment of the environment, but others primarily by an intensive and selective fishery for certain species. Major changes related to the fishery were less frequent before the late 1930's than in recent years and involved few species. Lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) were overexploited knowingly during the late 1800's because they interfered with fishing for preferred species; sturgeon were greatly reduced in all lakes by the early 1900's. Heavy exploitation accompanied sharp declines of lake herring (Leucichthys artedi) in Lake Erie during the 1920's and lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) in Lake Huron during the 1930's. A rapid succession of fish species in Lakes Huron, Michigan, and Superior that started about 1940 has been caused by selective predation by the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) on native predatory species, and the resultant shifting emphasis of the fishery and species interaction as various species declined. Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) and burbot (Lota lota), the deepwater predators, were depleted first; this favored their prey, the chubs (Leucichthys spp.). The seven species of chubs were influenced differently according to differences in size. Fishing emphasis and predation by sea lampreys were selective for the largest species of chubs as lake trout and burbot declined. A single slow-growing chub, the bloater, was favored and increased, but as the large chubs declined the bloater was exploited by a new trawl fishery. The growth rate and size of the bloater increased, making it more vulnerable to conventional gillnet fishery and lamprey predation. This situation in Lakes Michigan and Huron favored the small alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) which had recently become established in the upper Great Lakes, and the alewife increased rapidly and dominated the fish stocks of the lakes. The successive collapses of various stocks after periods of stable production may give some indication of their sustainable yield. The sea lamprey is being brought under control in Lakes Superior, Michigan, and Huron; lake trout are being established; and chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), coho salmon (O. kisutch), kokanee salmon (O. nerka), and the splake, a hybrid of lake trout and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), are being introduced to reestablish a new species balance. Fish stocks are in a state of extreme instability in these lakes. Careful control of stocking programs and fisheries, and coordination of management among the various states of the United States and the province of Canada (Ontario) which manage the fish stocks, will be required to restore and maintain a useful fishery balance.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/f68-063","usgsCitation":"Smith, S.H., 1968, Species succession and fishery exploitation in the Great Lakes: Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, v. 25, no. 4, p. 667-693, https://doi.org/10.1139/f68-063.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"667","endPage":"693","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133049,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db635061","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Stanford H.","contributorId":86711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Stanford","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000305,"text":"1000305 - 1968 - An electric beam trawl for the capture of larval lampreys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-04T16:05:15","indexId":"1000305","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An electric beam trawl for the capture of larval lampreys","docAbstract":"The chemicals used to control the sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, in the Great Lakes have drastically reduced populations of larval lampreys in tributary streams. These larvicides are too costly and difficult to apply, however, in inland lakes, estuaries, and bays. Populations of sea lampreys in these areas constitute a threat to the refinement of the control. The gear available to locate, ample, and evaluate larval populations in deep water are inefficient. Electric shockers, satisfactory for collecting ammocoetes in streams, are limited to shallow water. The use of mechanical devices such as the Petersen dredge, anchor dredge, and the orange-peel dredge is time consuming, inefficient, and relatively ineffective in providing reliable quantitative evaluation of population size and composition over large areas of bottom. A device was required to sample adequately many areas in a short period of time, regardless of the depth of water. Mobility also was essential to permit operation of the unit in the various Great Lakes and in inland waters. An electrified beam trawl has been developed that most nearly meets these requirements. It has been used successfully to collect larvae of the sea lamprey, American brook lamprey (Lampetra lamottei), northern brook lamprey (Ichthyomyzon fossor), and silver lamprey (I. unicuspis). Effectiveness of the trawl did not appear to differ with species.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"London, UK","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1968)97[289:AEBTFT]2.0.CO;2","collaboration":"Out-of-print","usgsCitation":"McLain, A., and Dahl, F.H., 1968, An electric beam trawl for the capture of larval lampreys: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 97, no. 3, p. 289-293, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1968)97[289:AEBTFT]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"289","endPage":"293","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":266966,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1968)97[289:AEBTFT]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":131663,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"97","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db684b78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McLain, Alberton","contributorId":81451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLain","given":"Alberton","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dahl, Frederick H.","contributorId":90258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dahl","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1000383,"text":"1000383 - 1968 - The alewife","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:13","indexId":"1000383","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2623,"text":"Limnos","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The alewife","docAbstract":"When the first alewife, Alosa pseudoharengus, was discovered in Lake Michigan near South Manitou Island on May 5, 1949, few people would have guessed that it would become the best known fish of the lake in less than two decades. Now it competes only with the coho salmon in its claim to such fame. When the third specimen was officially recorded from Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in March 1952, however, a newspaper story carried a somber warning from a knowledgeable yet anonymous official of the Michigan Department of Conservation that the alewife might raise havoc with the native species. This warning was fully justified by fact in the years to follow. An upset of the entire fishery ecology of Lake Michigan was already well under way in 1949 when the sea lamprey was consuming the last vestiges of the lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) and burbot (Lota lota)- the only abundant and widely distributed predators of the lake. Absence of large predators left the way wide open for a small and prolific species such as the alewife. Under this condition the alewife increased with almost unbelievable swiftness.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Limnos","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"Out-of-print","usgsCitation":"Smith, S.H., 1968, The alewife: Limnos, v. 1, no. 2, p. 12-20.","productDescription":"p. 12-20","startPage":"12","endPage":"20","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129211,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db6696d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Stanford H.","contributorId":86711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Stanford","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70171724,"text":"70171724 - 1968 - A preliminary report of a recently discovered aquifer at Sioux Falls, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-15T12:48:04","indexId":"70171724","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5088,"text":"South Dakota Academy of Science Proceedings","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A preliminary report of a recently discovered aquifer at Sioux Falls, South Dakota","docAbstract":"A hydrologic study of the Big Sioux aquifer system was begun July 1, 1966, by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the City of Sioux Falls and the East Dakota Conservancy Sub-District.
\nTest drilling being done in the search for a southern outlet to the Big Sioux aquifer has led to the discovery of the outlet and of a deeper aquifer than was previously know to exist in this area. This aquifer, herein called the Sioux Falls aquifer, was first recognized as a very clean gravel in test hole USGS #1 between the depths of 60 to 83 feet.
\nSubsequent test drilling and aquifer testing has shown the Sioux Falls aquifer to be capable of producing several hundred gallons of water per minute. THe chemical quality of this water surpasses that currently being used for the city supply.
\nFurther investigation of the aquifer is planned as a part of the continuing expansion of the water-supply facilities for Sioux Falls.
\nThis publication has been authorized by the Director of the U.S. Geological Survey and Earl McCart, Commissioner, City of Sioux Falls, South Dakota.
","language":"English","publisher":"South Dakota Academy of Science","usgsCitation":"Vaughan, K.D., and Ackroyd, E.A., 1968, A preliminary report of a recently discovered aquifer at Sioux Falls, South Dakota: South Dakota Academy of Science Proceedings, v. 47, no. 16, p. 68-74.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"68","endPage":"74","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323991,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":322193,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sdaos.org/publications/?wpa-paged=113"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","city":"Sioux Falls","volume":"47","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576913aee4b07657d19fef86","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vaughan, Kenneth D.","contributorId":170160,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vaughan","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":632207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ackroyd, Earl A.","contributorId":59425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackroyd","given":"Earl","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":632208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1000465,"text":"1000465 - 1968 - Distribution and abundance of the Japanese snail, Viviparus japonicus, and associated macrobenthos in Sandusky Bay, Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:35","indexId":"1000465","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2938,"text":"Ohio Journal of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and abundance of the Japanese snail, Viviparus japonicus, and associated macrobenthos in Sandusky Bay, Ohio","docAbstract":"A survey of the macrobenthos of Sandusky Bay, Lake Erie, in June, 1963, provided information on the abundance and distribution of the introduced Japanese snail, Viviparus japonicus, which has become a nuisance to commercial seine fishermen. The abundance and distribution varied considerably within the bay; at the time of the survey, most snails were found near the north-central shore. Environmental characteristics were nearly uniform and had no apparent effect on the distribution; concentrations in different areas at different times appeared to result from water movements induced by winds. The time of the study coincided with a period of reproduction; young-of-the-year snails were most abundant in areas where adults were most common. The frequency distributions of shell height and diameter suggested the presence of two age groups of adults in the population. Considerable natural mortality was seen, both at the time of the study and in other seasons. Only three other gastropods were observed in the bay; the most abundant was another viviparid, Campeloma decisum. Other mollusks present were four species of Sphaeriidae and 18 species of Unionidae. A summary of invertebrates found, other than the mollusks, is also presented.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ohio Journal of Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"Out-of-print","usgsCitation":"Wolfert, D.R., and Hiltunen, J.K., 1968, Distribution and abundance of the Japanese snail, Viviparus japonicus, and associated macrobenthos in Sandusky Bay, Ohio: Ohio Journal of Science, v. 68, no. 1, p. 32-40.","productDescription":"p. 32-40","startPage":"32","endPage":"40","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132837,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db649fb3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolfert, David R.","contributorId":49305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfert","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hiltunen, Jarl K.","contributorId":27820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hiltunen","given":"Jarl","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70190818,"text":"70190818 - 1968 - Selected hydrologic data, San Pitch River drainage basin, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-14T17:03:21","indexId":"70190818","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5498,"text":"Utah Basic-Data Release","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"14","title":"Selected hydrologic data, San Pitch River drainage basin, Utah","docAbstract":"The u.s. Geological Survey investigated the ground-water resources of the San Pitch River drainage basin during the period 1964- 67. The investigation was a cooperative project, financed equally by the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights, and the Federal Government, and was a part of an investigation of the groundwater resources of the entire Sevier River drainage system.
This report is intended to serve two purposes: (1) To make available to the public basic water-resources data useful in planning and studying development of water resources and (2) to supplement an interpretive report that will be published later. Included in the release are data collected by the Geological Survey since 1930.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with The Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights","usgsCitation":"Robinson, G., 1968, Selected hydrologic data, San Pitch River drainage basin, Utah: Utah Basic-Data Release 14, 44 p.","productDescription":"44 p.","numberOfPages":"49","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345794,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":345793,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.waterrights.utah.gov/cgi-bin/docview.exe?Folder=TP21-1-270&Title=Basic+Data+Report+14"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"San Pitch River drainage basin","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59bb9538e4b091459a578210","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, G.B.","contributorId":178487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"G.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":53414,"text":"ofr6867 - 1968 - Geology, hydrology, and quality of water in the Hanford-Visalia area, San Joaquin Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-09T23:02:14.422878","indexId":"ofr6867","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"68-67","title":"Geology, hydrology, and quality of water in the Hanford-Visalia area, San Joaquin Valley, California","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr6867","usgsCitation":"Croft, M.G., and Gordon, G.V., 1968, Geology, hydrology, and quality of water in the Hanford-Visalia area, San Joaquin Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 68-67, Report: v, 63 p.; 15 Plates: 43.83 x 23.15 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr6867.","productDescription":"Report: v, 63 p.; 15 Plates: 43.83 x 23.15 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":413936,"rank":18,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_52120.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":87299,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1968/0067/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":87298,"rank":17,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1968/0067/plate-15.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":87297,"rank":16,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1968/0067/plate-14.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":87296,"rank":15,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1968/0067/plate-13.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":87295,"rank":14,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1968/0067/plate-12.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":87294,"rank":13,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1968/0067/plate-11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":87293,"rank":12,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1968/0067/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":87292,"rank":11,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1968/0067/plate-09.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":87291,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1968/0067/plate-08.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":87290,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1968/0067/plate-07.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":87289,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1968/0067/plate-06.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":87288,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1968/0067/plate-05.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":87287,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1968/0067/plate-04.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":87286,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1968/0067/plate-03.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":87285,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1968/0067/plate-02.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":87284,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1968/0067/plate-01.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":175000,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1968/0067/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Hanford-Visalia area, San Joaquin Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 36\n ],\n [\n -118.8167,\n 36\n ],\n [\n -118.8167,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 36.5\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8ddb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Croft, Mark G.","contributorId":24426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Croft","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gordon, G. V.","contributorId":30254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gordon","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":2000034,"text":"2000034 - 1968 - Lamprey control and research in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-07T15:17:07.55195","indexId":"2000034","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":156,"text":"Annual Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"1967","title":"Lamprey control and research in the United States","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Annual report of the Great Lakes Fishery Commission 1967","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission","usgsCitation":"Smith, B.R., 1968, Lamprey control and research in the United States: Annual Report 1967, p. 26-43.","productDescription":"p. 26-43","startPage":"26","endPage":"43","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198946,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b424a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Bernard R.","contributorId":38924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Bernard","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1003255,"text":"1003255 - 1968 - Antimycin for controlling sunfish populations in ponds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:22","indexId":"1003255","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1624,"text":"Farm Pond Harvest","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Antimycin for controlling sunfish populations in ponds","docAbstract":"Abstract has not been submitted","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Farm Pond Harvest","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Burress, R., 1968, Antimycin for controlling sunfish populations in ponds: Farm Pond Harvest, v. 2, no. 1.","productDescription":"p. 11,12, 22","startPage":"11,12, 22","numberOfPages":"-10","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131098,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b131","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burress, R.M.","contributorId":21107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burress","given":"R.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70175658,"text":"70175658 - 1968 - Chemical analyses of water from observation wells in the Edwards and associated limestones, San Antonio area, Texas, 1967","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T14:54:05","indexId":"70175658","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5177,"text":"Edwards Underground Water District Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"16","title":"Chemical analyses of water from observation wells in the Edwards and associated limestones, San Antonio area, Texas, 1967","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Edwards Underground Water District","usgsCitation":"Rettman, P., 1968, Chemical analyses of water from observation wells in the Edwards and associated limestones, San Antonio area, Texas, 1967: Edwards Underground Water District Bulletin 16, 9 p.","productDescription":"9 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326756,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b58ac0e4b03bcb0104bb6c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rettman, Paul","contributorId":68699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rettman","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000172,"text":"1000172 - 1968 - Two hermaphroditic alewives from Lake Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-06T22:29:45.638061","indexId":"1000172","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1337,"text":"Copeia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Two hermaphroditic alewives from Lake Michigan","docAbstract":"Hermaphroditism has been reported frequently among many of the Clupeidae, but only one account of hermaphroditism has been published for the alewife, Alosa pseudoharengus. Rothschild discovered four hermaphroditic alewives among 444 fish he examined from Cayuga Lake, New York. We recently collected two hermaphroditic alewives from Lake Michigan. Both fish were normal in external appearance but were easily identified as hermaphrodites by gross examination of their gonads. The first hermaphrodite (177 mm T.L.) was discovered among several hundred normal adult alewives captured in early July 1965 in the Kalamazoo River about one mile upstream from Lake Michigan. The second hermaphroditic alewife (152 mm T.L.) was obtained from a sample of 160 adult alewives captured in Lake Michigan near the mouth of the Kalamazoo River in mid-April 1966.","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Edsall, T.A., and Saxon, M.I., 1968, Two hermaphroditic alewives from Lake Michigan: Copeia, v. 1968, no. 2, p. 406-407.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"406","endPage":"407","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133220,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1968","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a48e4b07f02db623a5f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edsall, Thomas A.","contributorId":84302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edsall","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":308185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Saxon, Margaret I.","contributorId":57027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saxon","given":"Margaret","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1000188,"text":"1000188 - 1968 - Annulus formation on scales of four species of coregonids reared under artificial conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-11T15:23:05","indexId":"1000188","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2543,"text":"Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Annulus formation on scales of four species of coregonids reared under artificial conditions","docAbstract":"Scales from known-age coregonids reared in the laboratory were examined to determine when annuli formed and to learn possible factors of their formation. Scales were taken monthly from marked fish for periods up to 21 months. Scales were also examined from fish that died and from preserved specimens of young-of-the-year for each species. Two marks formed on almost all scales each calendar year. The stronger formed during March-April and the weaker in October-November. Both marks had all the usual characteristics of an annulus but the spring mark was considered the annulus and the fall mark an accessory check. The annulus formed during a period of constant temperatures and of little change in growth or increasing growth. The accessory check formed during a period of declining temperatures (1-5 degrees F, or 0.6-2.8 degrees C, per month) and of little change in growth or declining growth. Most fish grew throughout the winter; the only exceptions were one bloater (Coregonus hoyi) and several of the largest lake whitefish (C. clupeaformis). Fish were always given all the food they would eat to eliminate availability of food as a factor of mark formation. The temperature of the water during the winter (50 ±. 0.3 F; 10.0 ±. 0.2 C) did not arrest metabolic activity. The growth rate was related more closely to day length than to other variables examined.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","publisherLocation":"Ottawa, Ontario","doi":"10.1139/f68-188","usgsCitation":"Hogman, W.J., 1968, Annulus formation on scales of four species of coregonids reared under artificial conditions: Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, v. 25, no. 10, p. 2111-2122, https://doi.org/10.1139/f68-188.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"2111","endPage":"2122","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131738,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b19e4b07f02db6a7ec1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hogman, Walter J.","contributorId":34092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hogman","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000254,"text":"1000254 - 1968 - Production of sea lamprey larvae from nests in two Lake Superior streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-18T11:49:52","indexId":"1000254","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Production of sea lamprey larvae from nests in two Lake Superior streams","docAbstract":"The life history of the landlocked sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, has been described by several authors, the two most recent of which are Applegate and Wigley. The only information on the production of larvae from nests of the sea lamprey was reported by Applegate, who counted the larvae from three nests in the Ocqueoc River, a tributary of Lake Huron. The present report presents data on the hatching success of sea lamprey larvae from 19 nests in two small tributaries of southern Lake Superior and indicates greater production per nest than that recorded by Applegate. Studies were conducted by personnel of the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries on the Little Garlic River, Marquette County, Michigan, and on the Traverse River, Keweenaw County, Michigan.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1968)97[484:POSLLF]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Manion, P.J., 1968, Production of sea lamprey larvae from nests in two Lake Superior streams: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 97, no. 4, p. 484-486, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1968)97[484:POSLLF]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"484","endPage":"486","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132868,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"97","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65e426","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manion, Patrick J.","contributorId":99080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manion","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000406,"text":"1000406 - 1968 - Daytime distribution of Pontoporeia affinis off bottom in Lake Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-18T11:46:25","indexId":"1000406","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Daytime distribution of Pontoporeia affinis off bottom in Lake Michigan","docAbstract":"The vertical migration of the amphipod Pontoporeia affinis in Lake Michigan has been well documented by Wells, Marzolf, and McNaught and Hasler. Wells and Marzolf observed Pontoporeia off bottom only at night. McNaught and Hasler, however, found Pontoporeia above the bottom shortly after noon in a 24-hr study on 12 June 1965, and some individuals were taken just below the thermocline in all daylight hours in a similar study on 19-20 August. This paper presents evidence that Pontoporeia regularly were present above bottom during the day from April-August 1964. The data for this report were collected during a study of seasonal and depth distribution of larval bloaters (Coregonus hoyi) in Lake Michigan. Sampling was conducted from the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries RV Cisco off Saugatuck, Michigan, at intervals of about 10 days from 9 April to 14 August 1964. A few samples were taken on 22 August and 15 October.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.4319/lo.1968.13.4.0703","usgsCitation":"Wells, L., 1968, Daytime distribution of Pontoporeia affinis off bottom in Lake Michigan: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 13, no. 4, p. 703-705, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1968.13.4.0703.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"703","endPage":"705","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130399,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672a3b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wells, LaRue","contributorId":75476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"LaRue","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000407,"text":"1000407 - 1968 - Seasonal depth distribution of fish in southeastern Lake Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:05","indexId":"1000407","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1663,"text":"Fishery Bulletin","printIssn":"0090-0656","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal depth distribution of fish in southeastern Lake Michigan","docAbstract":"This study is based on systematic seasonal bottom trawling between 3 and 50 fathoms (5.5 and 91.5 m.) from February to November 1964 and supplementary information from other experimental fishing at additional depths and with other gear. The seasonal depth distribution of eight common species is described, and temperature relations are discussed. Catch records for less common species are mentioned briefly.\r\nAlewives are mostly pelagic during their first 2 years, but many young of the year are on the bottom in the fall, and yearlings occasionally descend to the bottom in substantial numbers in the spring and fall. Adults are mostly on the bottom in the winter and spring, but a significant portion of the population may be at mid-levels in the summer and fall. Bloaters are in midwater during their first 2 years, but usually on the bottom thereafter. Young-of-the-year American smelt are in midwater except in the fall, yearlings are in midwater or on the bottom, and adults are mostly on the bottom.\r\nAlewives, bloaters, smelt, spottail shiners, trout-perch, and yellow perch on the bottom moved into shallower water in the spring and into deeper water in the fall, in response to temperature changes. Slimy sculpins abandoned inshore areas as water warmed in the spring. Fourhorn sculpins showed a slight movement shoreward in the spring, but changed their depth distribution little thereafter to the end of the trawling season.\r\nAlewives showed the greatest seasonal change in distribution. Large concentrations at 40 to perhaps 70 fathoms (73.2-128.0 m.) in mid-March had migrated to water of less than 15 fathoms (27.4 m.) by mid-April. They were in shallow water along shore or in rivers until early summer; then they began a postspawning movement back into deeper water which continued into the fall. Depth ranges in which greatest numbers of other common species occurred, considering all seasons as a whole, were as follows: bloater, 12 to 50 fathoms (21.9-91.5 m.); American smelt, 5 to 17 fathoms (9.1-31.1 m.); spottail shiners, 3 to 15 fathoms (5.5-27.4 m.); trout-perch, 5 to 17 fathoms (9.1-31.1 m.); yellow perch, 3 to 15 fathoms (5.5-27.4 m.); slimy sculpins, 15 to 40 fathoms (27.4-73.2 m.); fourhorn sculpins, 45 to 70 fathoms (82.2-128.0 m.).\r\nWater temperature ranges (A? C.) in which the various species were most abundant in summer were: alewife, 8 to 22; bloater, 6 to 10; smelt, 6 to 14; spottail shiner, 13 to at least 22; trout-perch, 10 to 16; yellow perch, 11 to at least 22; slimy sculpin, 4 to 6; fourhorn sculpin, 4 to 4.5. Fluctuations in inshore water temperatures in the summer caused short-term changes in depth distribution.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fishery Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","collaboration":"Out-of-print","usgsCitation":"Wells, L., 1968, Seasonal depth distribution of fish in southeastern Lake Michigan: Fishery Bulletin, v. 67, no. 1, p. 1-15.","productDescription":"p. 1-15","startPage":"1","endPage":"15","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133129,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a49e4b07f02db62426f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wells, LaRue","contributorId":75476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"LaRue","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70171226,"text":"70171226 - 1968 - Electrophoretic separation of fish brain esterases","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-25T16:37:04","indexId":"70171226","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2543,"text":"Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Electrophoretic separation of fish brain esterases","docAbstract":"Fish brains were homogenized in an all-glass Potter-Elvehjem-type tissue grinder in 40% sucrose solution. The homogenate concentration was 10 brains/ml for both the bluegill and channel catfish. The brei was centrifuged at 34,700 g for 30 min at 5 C, and 30 J.lliters of the supernatant were used per column for electrophoresis.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/f68-135","usgsCitation":"Knowles, C.O., Arurkar, S.K., and Hogan, J.W., 1968, Electrophoretic separation of fish brain esterases: Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, v. 25, no. 7, p. 1517-1519, https://doi.org/10.1139/f68-135.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"1517","endPage":"1519","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321691,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5746ccb7e4b07e28b662dc97","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knowles, Charles O.","contributorId":169621,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knowles","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arurkar, Suresh K.","contributorId":169622,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arurkar","given":"Suresh","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hogan, James W.","contributorId":24402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hogan","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70011487,"text":"70011487 - 1968 - Water sample filtration unit","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-20T15:24:22.455576","indexId":"70011487","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water sample filtration unit","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es60016a004","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Skougstad, M., and Scarbro, G., 1968, Water sample filtration unit: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 2, no. 4, p. 298-301, https://doi.org/10.1021/es60016a004.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"298","endPage":"301","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220909,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcc6fe4b08c986b32db42","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Skougstad, M. W.","contributorId":59418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skougstad","given":"M. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scarbro, G.F. Jr.","contributorId":96007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scarbro","given":"G.F.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70010458,"text":"70010458 - 1968 - Studies in the system MgO-SiO2-CO2-H2O(I): The activity-product constant of chrysotile","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-29T17:04:40.02958","indexId":"70010458","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Studies in the system MgO-SiO2-CO2-H2O(I): The activity-product constant of chrysotile","docAbstract":"Chrysotile dissolves congruently in water according to the reaction: Mg3Si2O6(OH)4c + 5H2Ol = 3Mgaq2+ + 6OHaq− + 2H4SiO4aq. Experimental determination of the activity-product constant of chrysotile, Kchr = [Mg2+]3[OH−]6[H4SiO4aq]2, at 90°C, yields the value of Kchr = 10−49.2 ± 100.5. A synthetic sample and a natural sample from New Idria, California, were used in the determination.
Values of Kchr were calculated for temperatures ranging from 0°C to 200°C, using the thermochemical data of Kinget al. (1967) for chrysotile and antigorite, various solubility data for silica, and ionic partial molal heat capacities estimated by the method of criss and Cobble (1964a). Kchr is 10−54.1 at 0°C, rises to a maximum value of 10−48.5 at approximately 135°C, and is 10−49.1 at 200°C (all values for the three-phase system, chrysotile plus solution plus vapor). The calculated 90°C value is 10−49.1, in excellent agreement with the experimental value; for 25°C, the calculated value is 10−50.8.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(68)90041-0","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Hostetler, P.B., and Christ, C., 1968, Studies in the system MgO-SiO2-CO2-H2O(I): The activity-product constant of chrysotile: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 32, no. 5, p. 485-497, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(68)90041-0.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"485","endPage":"497","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218873,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9c8ae4b08c986b31d42b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hostetler, P. B.","contributorId":107849,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hostetler","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":13719,"text":"Department of Geology, University of Missouri","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":358971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christ, C. L.","contributorId":53906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christ","given":"C. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70010827,"text":"70010827 - 1968 - Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of phosphorus(v) pesticides. Part I. Chemical shifts of protons as a means of identification of pesticides","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-29T17:01:40.483647","indexId":"70010827","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":760,"text":"Analytica Chimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of phosphorus(v) pesticides. Part I. Chemical shifts of protons as a means of identification of pesticides","docAbstract":"Correlations of structural and proton chemical-hift data for 40 commercial phosphorus(V) pesticides are reported. Correlations of structure with the phosphorus coupling constants are discussed, and general trends are noted which aid in the use of NMR as a tool for identification and analysis of phosphorus(V) compounds.
A method is described for the determination of palladium down to 4ppb (parts per billion, 109), platinum down to 10 ppb and rhodium down to 5 ppb in 15 g of sample. Fire-assay techniques are used to preconcentrate the platinum metals into a gold bead, then the bead is dissolved in aqua regia and diluted to volume with 1M hydrochloric acid. The solution is analysed by optical emission spectrography of the residue from 200 μl of it evaporated on a pair of flat-top graphite electrodes. This method requires much less sample handling than most published methods for these elements. Data are presented for G-1, W-1, and six new standard rocks of the U.S. Geological Survey. The values for palladium in W-1 are in reasonable agreement with previously published data.
A cell without liquid junction was used to obtain dissociation constants for the reaction: KSO4− = K+ +SO42−. At 10°, 25°, 38° and 50°C, values for Kdiss KSO4− are, respectively, 0.195, 0.142, 0.117, and 0.095. At 25°C, , and values for the KSO4− ion are −245.96 and −274.02 kcal mole−1, and S° is +42.3 cal mole−1 deg−1.
Concentrations of Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf, Th, U and Cs have been determined in samples of igneous rocks representing the diabase-granophyre suites from Dillsburg, Pennsylvania, and Great Lake, Tasmania.
Niobium and tantalum have a three to fourfold increase with differentiation in each of the suites. The chilled margin of the Great Lake intrusion contains half the niobium and tantalum content (5.3 ppm and 0.4 ppm, respectively) of the chilled basalt from Dillsburg (10 ppm and 0.9 ppm, respectively). The twofold difference between the suites is correlated with differences in their titanium content. The average
The zirconium content of the two suites is essentially the same and increases from 50 to 60 ppm in the chilled margins to 240–300 ppm in the granophyres. Hafnium is low in the early formed rocks (0.5 –1.5 ppm and achieves a maximum in the granophyres (5–8 ppm). The
In the Dillsburg suite thorium and uranium increase from 2.6 ppm and 0.6 ppm, respectively, in the chilled samples to 11.8 ppm and 3.1 ppm in the granophyres. The chilled margin of the Great Lake suite contains 3.2 ppm thorium and 9.8 ppm uranium; the granophyre contains 11.2 ppm thorium and 2.8 ppm uranium. The average
Cesium and the
A comparison of the abundance of some of these elements is made with those reported on oceanic tholeiites from the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Trace elements with large ionic radii (Th, U, Cs) are present in significantly greater concentrations in the two continental tholeiitic series than in the oceanic tholeiites. However, this does not seem to be true for lithophilic elements of smaller ionic radii (Zr and Nb). These trace element distribution patterns, when considered with other minor element and isotopic studies, indicate that