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values for the KSO4− ion are −245.96 and −274.02 kcal mole−1, and S° is +42.3 cal mole−1 deg−1.The life history of the landlocked sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, has been described by several authors, the two most recent of which are Applegate and Wigley. The only information on the production of larvae from nests of the sea lamprey was reported by Applegate, who counted the larvae from three nests in the Ocqueoc River, a tributary of Lake Huron. The present report presents data on the hatching success of sea lamprey larvae from 19 nests in two small tributaries of southern Lake Superior and indicates greater production per nest than that recorded by Applegate. Studies were conducted by personnel of the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries on the Little Garlic River, Marquette County, Michigan, and on the Traverse River, Keweenaw County, Michigan.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1968)97[484:POSLLF]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Manion, P.J., 1968, Production of sea lamprey larvae from nests in two Lake Superior streams: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 97, no. 4, p. 484-486, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1968)97[484:POSLLF]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"484","endPage":"486","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132868,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"97","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65e426","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manion, Patrick J.","contributorId":99080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manion","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000363,"text":"1000363 - 1968 - Comparative embryology of five species of lampreys of the upper Great Lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-06T22:33:08.516264","indexId":"1000363","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1337,"text":"Copeia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparative embryology of five species of lampreys of the upper Great Lakes","docAbstract":"The four species of lampreys native to the upper Great Lakes (American brook lamprey, Lampetra lamotteni; chestnut lamprey, Ichthyomyzon castaneus; northern brook lamprey, I. fossor; and silver lamprey, I. unicuspis) were collected in various stages of their life cycle and maintained in the laboratory until sexually mature. Secondary sex characters of the four native species are compared. Several batches of eggs of each species were reared at 18.4A?C and their development was compared to that of the exotic sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus. The temperature of 18.4A?C was previously determined to be optimum for development of the sea lamprey. The high percentage survival of many batches of eggs of native species to prolarvae indicated that 18.4A?C was near the optimum for them. Survival to the burrowing stage varied considerably among different batches of eggs from the same species; some batches failed to produce prolarvae. The staging characteristics used for the sea lamprey were applicable to the native species, except for the end point of the burrowing stage. Embryos of the native species in each stage of development appeared according to the time sequence established for the sea lamprey.","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists (ASIH)","doi":"10.2307/1442013","usgsCitation":"Smith, A.J., Howell, J.H., and Piavis, G.W., 1968, Comparative embryology of five species of lampreys of the upper Great Lakes: Copeia, v. 1968, no. 3, p. 461-469, https://doi.org/10.2307/1442013.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"461","endPage":"469","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132920,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1968","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae506","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Allen J.","contributorId":69937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Allen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Howell, John H.","contributorId":39720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howell","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Piavis, George W.","contributorId":63755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piavis","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1000172,"text":"1000172 - 1968 - Two hermaphroditic alewives from Lake Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-06T22:29:45.638061","indexId":"1000172","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1337,"text":"Copeia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Two hermaphroditic alewives from Lake Michigan","docAbstract":"Hermaphroditism has been reported frequently among many of the Clupeidae, but only one account of hermaphroditism has been published for the alewife, Alosa pseudoharengus. Rothschild discovered four hermaphroditic alewives among 444 fish he examined from Cayuga Lake, New York. We recently collected two hermaphroditic alewives from Lake Michigan. Both fish were normal in external appearance but were easily identified as hermaphrodites by gross examination of their gonads. The first hermaphrodite (177 mm T.L.) was discovered among several hundred normal adult alewives captured in early July 1965 in the Kalamazoo River about one mile upstream from Lake Michigan. The second hermaphroditic alewife (152 mm T.L.) was obtained from a sample of 160 adult alewives captured in Lake Michigan near the mouth of the Kalamazoo River in mid-April 1966.","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Edsall, T.A., and Saxon, M.I., 1968, Two hermaphroditic alewives from Lake Michigan: Copeia, v. 1968, no. 2, p. 406-407.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"406","endPage":"407","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133220,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1968","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a48e4b07f02db623a5f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edsall, Thomas A.","contributorId":84302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edsall","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":308185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Saxon, Margaret I.","contributorId":57027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saxon","given":"Margaret","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011537,"text":"70011537 - 1968 - Geologic history of the continental margin of North America in the Bering Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-29T16:41:09.795945","indexId":"70011537","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic history of the continental margin of North America in the Bering Sea","docAbstract":"The North American continental margin beneath the Bering Sea is nearly 1,300 km long and extends from Alaska to eastern Siberia. The margin is a canyon-scarred 3,200–3,400-m high escarpment separating one of the world's largest epicontinental seas (the shallow Bering Sea) and the Aleutian Basin (the deep-water Bering Sea), a marginal oceanic basin distinguished by having its southern boundary formed by the Aleutian Ridge.
Three geomorphic provinces can be recognized: a southeastern province characterized by a gentle continental slope (lacking V-shaped canyons) and an outlying continental borderland (formed by Umnak Plateau); a central province distinguished by a steep canyon-scarred slope, and a northwestern province having a gentler and, apparently, less eroded continental slope.
Continuous seismic reflection profiles show that the margin is constructed of three major structural-stratigraphic units: (1) an acoustic basement underlying the outer shelf and upper slope; (2) an overlying main layered sequence; and (3) a stratified rise unit underlying and forming the continental rise at the base of the slope.
The existing margin evolved with downbowing and faulting of the acoustic basement, an older margin probably of Late Mesozoic age, consisting in part of well-indurated siltstone and mudstone, in Early Tertiary time. Concomitant with subsidence as much as 1,500 m of main-layered-sequence strata were draped over the basement. Intense canyon cutting, presumed to have been caused by the rapid deposition of unstable masses of riverborn sediment over the outer shelf and upper slope, is thought to have begun in Late Tertiary and Quaternary time. Concurrent with canyon cutting, submarine fans, consisting of turbidites forming the rise unit, accrued at the base of the continental slope.
Subsidence of the continental margin during the Tertiary may be related to foundering (“oceanization”) of a continental block to form the Aleutian Basin, or to simple isostatic depression of a former segment of the North Pacific oceanic floor in response to sediment infilling north of the Aleutian Ridge.
The activity product constant of cryolite (Na3AlF6) at 25°C and 1 atm total pressure was calculated from data for solutions from which synthetic cryolite or mixtures of cryolite and a solid apparently related to ralstonite had precipitated. The activities of fluoride and of sodium were estimated using specific ion electrodes. The activity of Al3+ was calculated from aluminum concentrations using equations which involve aluminum species existing in water solutions containing fluoride and hydroxide ions.
\nFor the reaction Na3AlF6(c) = 3Na(aq)+ + Al3+(aq) + 6E-(aq) the activity product constant Kso is 10−33.84, and the standard free energy of formation at 25°C is -745.4±1.0 kcal mole−1. This latter is identical to a value from the literature which is based on calorimetric data.
\nAlthough cryolite and related minerals are easily precipitated in the laboratory, their relative scarcity in nature suggests that the effect of influences, perhaps solutes other than those occurring in the structure, may inhibit or prevent the formation of cryolite.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(68)90033-1","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Roberson, C.E., and Hem, J., 1968, Activity product constant of cryolite at 25°C and one atmosphere using selective-ion electrodes to estimate sodium and fluoride activities: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 32, no. 12, p. 1343-1351, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(68)90033-1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1343","endPage":"1351","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221761,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e6d0e4b0c8380cd4764a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roberson, C. E.","contributorId":40190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberson","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hem, J.D.","contributorId":54576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hem","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011531,"text":"70011531 - 1968 - Simultaneous determination of tantalum and hafnium in silicates by neutron activation analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-29T16:42:58.684605","indexId":"70011531","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":760,"text":"Analytica Chimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simultaneous determination of tantalum and hafnium in silicates by neutron activation analysis","docAbstract":"A neutron activation procedure suitable for the routine determination of tantalum and hafnium in silicates is described. The irradiated sample is fused with sodium peroxide and leached, and the insoluble hydroxides are dissolved in dilute hydrofluoric acid-hydrochloric acid. After LaF3 and AgCl scavenges, tantalum and hafnium are separated by anion exchange. Tantalum is obtained radiochemically pure; 233Pa and 95Zr contaminants in the hafnium fraction are resolved by γ-ray spectrometry. The chemical yield of the procedure is detemined after counting by re-irradiation. Values for the 8 U.S. Geological Survey standard rocks are reported.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/ac60263a031","usgsCitation":"Simon, F., and Millard, H.T., 1968, Determination of gold in rocks by neutron activation analysis using fire-assay preconcentration: Analytical Chemistry, v. 40, no. 7, p. 1150-1152, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60263a031.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"1150","endPage":"1152","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220707,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffa9e4b0c8380cd4f2fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simon, F.O.","contributorId":41808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simon","given":"F.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Millard, Hugh T. Jr.","contributorId":67502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Millard","given":"Hugh","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011498,"text":"70011498 - 1968 - Mineralogy as a function of depth in the prehistoric Makaopuhi tholeiitic lava lake, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-29T16:49:47.663291","indexId":"70011498","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineralogy as a function of depth in the prehistoric Makaopuhi tholeiitic lava lake, Hawaii","docAbstract":"The electron probe X-ray microanalyzer has been used to determine the compositional variability of the groundmass minerals and glass in 10 specimens from a complete 225-foot section of the prehistoric tholeiitic lava lake of Makaopuhi Crater, Hawaii. The order of beginning of crystallization was: (1) chromite, (2) olivine, (3) augite, (4) plagioclase, (5) pigeonite, (6) iron-titanium oxides and orthopyroxene, (7) alkali feldspar and apatite, and (8) glass.
Although the lake is chemically tholeiitic throughout, the occurrence of ferromagnesian minerals is as though there were a gradation from alkali olivine basalt in the upper chill downwards to olivine tholeiite. Groundmass olivine decreases downwards and disappears at about 20 feet. Pigeonite is absent in the uppermost 5±2 feet, then increases in amount down to 20 feet, below which augite and pigeonite coexist in constant 2∶1 proportions. Strong zoning and metastable compositions characterize the pyroxenes of the chilled zones, but these features gradually disappear towards the interior of the lake to give way to equilibrium pyroxenes. Relatively homogeneous poikilitic orthopyroxene (≈ Ca4Mg70Fe26) occurs in the olivine cumulate zone, having formed partly at the expense of pre-existing olivine, augite, and pigeonite (≈ Ca8Mg66Fe26). The growth of orthopyroxene is believed to have been facilitated by the slower cooling rate and higher volatile pressure at depth, and by the rise in Mg/Fe ratio of the liquid due to the partial dissolution of settled olivine.
Unlike olivine and pyroxene, feldspar is least zoned in the upper and lower chilled regions. The greatest range of compositional zoning in feldspar occurs at 160 to 190 feet, where it extends continuously from Or1.0Ab22An77 to Or64Ab33An3. The feldspar fractionation trend in the An-Ab-Or triangle gradually shifts with depth toward more “equilibrium” trends, even though the zoning becomes more extreme. The variation with depth in the initial (core) composition of the plagioclase suggests the influence of either slow nucleation and growth (undercooling) or slow diffusion in the liquid, relative to the rate of cooling.
Idiomorphic opaque inclusions in olivine phenocrysts are chrome-spinels showing continuous variation from 60 percent chromite to 85 percent ulvospinel and to magnetite-rich spinel. A pre-eruption trend of increasing Al with decreasing Cr can be recognized in chromites from the upper chill. Most of the inclusions show a trend of falling Cr and Al, toward an ulvospinelmagnetite solid solution which is progressively poorer in Usp with depth. This trend was produced by solid state alteration of the chromite inclusions during cooling in the lava lake. Ilmenite (average Ilm91Hm9) coexists with variably oxidized titaniferous magnetite in the basalt groundmass. Estimated oxygen fugacities agree well with other independent determinations in tholeiitic basalt. No sulfide phase has been detected.
Fractional crystallization produced a groundmass glass of granitic composition. Average, in percent, is: SiO2, 75.5; Al2O3, 12.5; K2O, 5.7; Na2O, 3.1; CaO, 0.3; MgO, 0.05; total FeO, 1.2; and TiO2, 0.8. Normative Or> Ab. Minor changes in glass composition with depth are consistent with a greater approach towards the granite minimum. Incipient devitrification precluded reliable analysis of glass from the lower half of the section. The SiO2-phase associated with devitrification contains alkalis and Al and is believed to be cristobalite. Needle-like apatite crystals in the groundmass glass are Siand Fe-bearing fluorapatites containing appreciable rare earths (predominantly Ce) and variable Cl.
The grain-size and maximum An content of the cores of plagioclase grains were controlled by cooling rate and are at a maximum at the center of the section. The most homogeneous pyroxene (and olivine, MOORE and EVANS, 1967), most equilibrium pyroxene trends, most abundant alkali feldspar, and most equilibrium feldspar trends are found at 160 to 190 feet, which is appreciably below that part of the lake which was slowest to crystallize. Volatile pressure, increasing with depth, possibly controlled the degree of attainment of equilibrium more than cooling rate.
Since they are dependent on cooling history, some of the modal criteria commonly used for recognizing basalt types, such as the absence of Ca-poor pyroxene, presence of groundmass olivine, and the presence of alkali feldspar, should be applied with caution. Petrographic comparison of basalts from one flow, volcano, or province, with another, should recognize the possible variations due to cooling history alone.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00373204","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Evans, B., and Moore, J., 1968, Mineralogy as a function of depth in the prehistoric Makaopuhi tholeiitic lava lake, Hawaii: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 17, no. 2, p. 85-115, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00373204.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"115","numberOfPages":"31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221175,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5acce4b0c8380cd6f134","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evans, B.W.","contributorId":86896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"B.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, J.G.","contributorId":67496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011476,"text":"70011476 - 1968 - Dissociation constants of KSO4- from 10°-50°C","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-19T13:43:46","indexId":"70011476","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dissociation constants of KSO4- from 10°-50°C","docAbstract":"A cell without liquid junction was used to obtain dissociation constants for the reaction: KSO4− = K+ +SO42−. At 10°, 25°, 38° and 50°C, values for Kdiss KSO4− are, respectively, 0.195, 0.142, 0.117, and 0.095. At 25°C, , and values for the KSO4− ion are −245.96 and −274.02 kcal mole−1, and S° is +42.3 cal mole−1 deg−1.
Concentrations of Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf, Th, U and Cs have been determined in samples of igneous rocks representing the diabase-granophyre suites from Dillsburg, Pennsylvania, and Great Lake, Tasmania.
Niobium and tantalum have a three to fourfold increase with differentiation in each of the suites. The chilled margin of the Great Lake intrusion contains half the niobium and tantalum content (5.3 ppm and 0.4 ppm, respectively) of the chilled basalt from Dillsburg (10 ppm and 0.9 ppm, respectively). The twofold difference between the suites is correlated with differences in their titanium content. The average
The zirconium content of the two suites is essentially the same and increases from 50 to 60 ppm in the chilled margins to 240–300 ppm in the granophyres. Hafnium is low in the early formed rocks (0.5 –1.5 ppm and achieves a maximum in the granophyres (5–8 ppm). The
In the Dillsburg suite thorium and uranium increase from 2.6 ppm and 0.6 ppm, respectively, in the chilled samples to 11.8 ppm and 3.1 ppm in the granophyres. The chilled margin of the Great Lake suite contains 3.2 ppm thorium and 9.8 ppm uranium; the granophyre contains 11.2 ppm thorium and 2.8 ppm uranium. The average
Cesium and the
A comparison of the abundance of some of these elements is made with those reported on oceanic tholeiites from the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Trace elements with large ionic radii (Th, U, Cs) are present in significantly greater concentrations in the two continental tholeiitic series than in the oceanic tholeiites. However, this does not seem to be true for lithophilic elements of smaller ionic radii (Zr and Nb). These trace element distribution patterns, when considered with other minor element and isotopic studies, indicate that
A method is described for the determination of palladium down to 4ppb (parts per billion, 109), platinum down to 10 ppb and rhodium down to 5 ppb in 15 g of sample. Fire-assay techniques are used to preconcentrate the platinum metals into a gold bead, then the bead is dissolved in aqua regia and diluted to volume with 1M hydrochloric acid. The solution is analysed by optical emission spectrography of the residue from 200 μl of it evaporated on a pair of flat-top graphite electrodes. This method requires much less sample handling than most published methods for these elements. Data are presented for G-1, W-1, and six new standard rocks of the U.S. Geological Survey. The values for palladium in W-1 are in reasonable agreement with previously published data.
Surface area determinations were made on a montmorillonite with various cations emplaced on the exchangeable sites, utilizing nitrogen and carbon dioxide as adsorbates at 77°K and 195°K, respectively, in a dynamic system. From the fraction of a Mississippi montmorillonite less than about 1 μ in size, samples were prepared by replacing the original exchangeable cations with Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, Mg++, Ca++, Ba++, and NH4+, forming a series of homoionic montmorillonite species.
Surface areas from 3-point B.E.T. plots (half-hour adsorption points), with nitrogen as the adsorbate, ranged from 61 m2/g for Li-montmorillonite to 138 m2/g for Cs-montmorillonite, thus reflecting a certain degree of nitrogen penetration between layers. Complete penetration should theoretically result in a surface area of over 300 m2/g for this clay with a nitrogen monolayer between each pair of platelets. The experimental data indicate that the extent of penetration is time-dependent and is also a function of the interlayer forces as governed by the size and charge of the replaceable cation. This finding negates the generally accepted concept that nitrogen at 77°K does not penetrate the layers and provides a measure only of the external surface of expandable clay minerals.
A further measure of the variation of interlayer forces is provided by the adsorption of carbon dioxide at 195°K. Surface area values ranged from 99 m2/g for Li-montmorillonite to 315 m2/g for Csmontmorillonite. Although the carbon dioxide molecule is larger than the nitrogen molecule, its greater penetration apparently is a result of its being kinetically more energetic (with a larger diffusion coefficient) at its higher adsorption temperature. Similar differences have been found with both adsorbates in the study of microporous substances, such as coal, where activated diffusion is of considerable significance.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Clay Minerals Society","doi":"10.1346/CCMN.1968.0160110","usgsCitation":"Thomas, J., and Bohor, B., 1968, Surface area of montmorillonite from the dynamic sorption of nitrogen and carbon dioxide: Clays and Clay Minerals, v. 16, no. 1, p. 83-91, https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.1968.0160110.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"83","endPage":"91","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218898,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9f94e4b08c986b31e6aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, Josephus Jr.","contributorId":11755,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomas","given":"Josephus","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bohor, Bruce F.","contributorId":104823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohor","given":"Bruce F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70010827,"text":"70010827 - 1968 - Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of phosphorus(v) pesticides. Part I. Chemical shifts of protons as a means of identification of pesticides","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-29T17:01:40.483647","indexId":"70010827","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":760,"text":"Analytica Chimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of phosphorus(v) pesticides. Part I. Chemical shifts of protons as a means of identification of pesticides","docAbstract":"Correlations of structural and proton chemical-hift data for 40 commercial phosphorus(V) pesticides are reported. Correlations of structure with the phosphorus coupling constants are discussed, and general trends are noted which aid in the use of NMR as a tool for identification and analysis of phosphorus(V) compounds.
Values of the uncorrected optic axial angle (2Hα) of a crystal of the calcium zeolite stellerite (CaAl2Si7Ol8 · 7H20) immersed in calcium chloride solutions of known activity of water (aw) are directly proportional to log aw. A general relationship between the chemical potential of water in the crystal and the optic axial angle is obeyed.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es60014a005","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Slack, K.V., and Feltz, H., 1968, Tree leaf control on low flow water quality in a small Virginia stream: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 2, no. 2, p. 126-131, https://doi.org/10.1021/es60014a005.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"126","endPage":"131","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218806,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Quantico Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.34760827944903,\n 38.57279994132702\n ],\n [\n -77.34726858634457,\n 38.57261981740339\n ],\n [\n -77.34691140753456,\n 38.57289212803224\n ],\n [\n -77.34691140753456,\n 38.5731262796582\n ],\n [\n 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V.","contributorId":82386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Feltz, H.R.","contributorId":49341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feltz","given":"H.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70010459,"text":"70010459 - 1968 - Structural charge site influence on the interlayer hydration of expandable three-sheet clay minerals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-25T14:42:12","indexId":"70010459","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1245,"text":"Clays and Clay Minerals","onlineIssn":"1552-8367","printIssn":"0009-8604","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structural charge site influence on the interlayer hydration of expandable three-sheet clay minerals","docAbstract":"Previous investigations have demonstrated the influences of interlayer cation composition, relative humidity, temperature, and magnitude of interlayer surface charge on the interlayer hydration of montmorillonites and vermiculites. It has been suggested that the sites of layer charge deficiencies may also have an influence upon the amount of hydration that can take place in the interlayers of expandable clay minerals. If the interlayer cation-to-layer bonds are considered as ideally electrostatic, the magnitude of the forces resisting expansion may be expressed as a form of Coulomb's law. If this effect is significant, expandable structures in which the charge-deficiency sites are predominantly in the tetrahedral sheet should have less pronounced swelling properties than should structures possessing charge deficiencies located primarily in the octahedral sheet.
Three samples that differed in location of layer charge sites were selected for study. An important selection criterion was a non-correlation between tetrahedral charge sites and high surface-charge density, and between octahedral charge sites and low surface-charge density.
The effects of differences in interlayer cation composition were eliminated by saturating portions of each sample with the same cations. Equilibrium (001) d values at controlled constant humidities were used as a measure of the relative degree of interlayer hydration.
Although no correlation could be made between the degree of interlayer hydration and total surface-charge density, the investigation does not eliminate total surface-charge density as being significant to the swelling properties of three-sheet clay-mineral structures. The results do indicate a correlation between more intense expandability and predominance of charge deficiencies in the octahedral sheet. Conversely, less intense swelling behavior is associated with predominantly tetrahedral charge deficiencies.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Clay Minerals Society","doi":"10.1346/CCMN.1968.0160109","usgsCitation":"Kerns, R.L., and Mankin, C.J., 1968, Structural charge site influence on the interlayer hydration of expandable three-sheet clay minerals: Clays and Clay Minerals, v. 16, no. 1, p. 73-81, https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.1968.0160109.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"73","endPage":"81","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218950,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9bd1e4b08c986b31d0e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kerns, Raymond L. Jr.","contributorId":75266,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kerns","given":"Raymond","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mankin, Charles J.","contributorId":102622,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mankin","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011487,"text":"70011487 - 1968 - Water sample filtration unit","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-20T15:24:22.455576","indexId":"70011487","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water sample filtration unit","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es60016a004","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Skougstad, M., and Scarbro, G., 1968, Water sample filtration unit: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 2, no. 4, p. 298-301, https://doi.org/10.1021/es60016a004.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"298","endPage":"301","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220909,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcc6fe4b08c986b32db42","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Skougstad, M. W.","contributorId":59418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skougstad","given":"M. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scarbro, G.F. Jr.","contributorId":96007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scarbro","given":"G.F.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70010458,"text":"70010458 - 1968 - Studies in the system MgO-SiO2-CO2-H2O(I): The activity-product constant of chrysotile","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-29T17:04:40.02958","indexId":"70010458","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Studies in the system MgO-SiO2-CO2-H2O(I): The activity-product constant of chrysotile","docAbstract":"Chrysotile dissolves congruently in water according to the reaction: Mg3Si2O6(OH)4c + 5H2Ol = 3Mgaq2+ + 6OHaq− + 2H4SiO4aq. Experimental determination of the activity-product constant of chrysotile, Kchr = [Mg2+]3[OH−]6[H4SiO4aq]2, at 90°C, yields the value of Kchr = 10−49.2 ± 100.5. A synthetic sample and a natural sample from New Idria, California, were used in the determination.
Values of Kchr were calculated for temperatures ranging from 0°C to 200°C, using the thermochemical data of Kinget al. (1967) for chrysotile and antigorite, various solubility data for silica, and ionic partial molal heat capacities estimated by the method of criss and Cobble (1964a). Kchr is 10−54.1 at 0°C, rises to a maximum value of 10−48.5 at approximately 135°C, and is 10−49.1 at 200°C (all values for the three-phase system, chrysotile plus solution plus vapor). The calculated 90°C value is 10−49.1, in excellent agreement with the experimental value; for 25°C, the calculated value is 10−50.8.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(68)90041-0","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Hostetler, P.B., and Christ, C., 1968, Studies in the system MgO-SiO2-CO2-H2O(I): The activity-product constant of chrysotile: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 32, no. 5, p. 485-497, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(68)90041-0.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"485","endPage":"497","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218873,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9c8ae4b08c986b31d42b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hostetler, P. B.","contributorId":107849,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hostetler","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":13719,"text":"Department of Geology, University of Missouri","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":358971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christ, C. L.","contributorId":53906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christ","given":"C. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011539,"text":"70011539 - 1968 - Measurement of geothermal flux through poorly consolidated sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-30T14:28:17.048845","indexId":"70011539","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Measurement of geothermal flux through poorly consolidated sediments","docAbstract":"In many regions, crystalline rocks are covered by hundreds of meters of unconsolidated and poorly consolidated sediments. Estimates of heat flux within these sediments using standard continental techniques (temperature and conductivity measurements at intervals of 10 to 30 meters) are unreliable, mainly because of the difficulty in obtaining and preserving representative lengths of core. However, it is sometimes feasible to use what amounts to an oceanographic technique by making closely spaced temperature and conductivity measurements within short cored intervals. This is demonstrated in a borehole at Menlo Park, California (37°27′N, 122°10′W, elevation 16 meters), where heat flows determined over 12 separate 1-meter intervls al lie within 10% of their mean value; 2.2 μcal/cm2 sec.
Infrared imagery covering most of Yellowstone National Park was obtained in August 1966, by H. R. B. Singer Company, using the Reconofax IV system in an aircraft flying at about 20,000 feet. This imagery has been examined in order to evaluate the geologic information it contains in relation to a current study of the Yellowstone rhyolite plateau. As most of the findings contained no new information about the capabilities of the system, they will be, reviewed here only very briefly. However, one particular aspect of the interpretation, a clear local distinction between bedrock and surficial deposits, seems to be of sufficient interest to be illustrated and noted specifically.
Because of the nature of the terrain and vegetation at Yellowstone, the parameters affecting the infrared sensor are mainly ones which are themselves only poor-resolution indicators of primary geologic features. Certain geologic features not directly related to the rhyolite plateau do show up fairly well but are not discussed here as they have been described in other reports based on this imagery (Smedes, 1968; Pierce, 1963; Keefer, in preparation).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr6834","usgsCitation":"Christiansen, R.L., 1968, A distinction between bedrock and unconsolidated deposits on 3-5u infrared imagery of the Yellowstone rhyolite plateau: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 68-34, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr6834.","productDescription":"5 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":463013,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1968/0034/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":152223,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1968/0034/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone rhyolite plateau","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.2083773233386,\n 44.985687153096194\n ],\n [\n -111.2083773233386,\n 44.04105318171932\n ],\n [\n -109.76565012047247,\n 44.04105318171932\n ],\n [\n -109.76565012047247,\n 44.985687153096194\n ],\n [\n -111.2083773233386,\n 44.985687153096194\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"plainLanguageSummary":"This report has been prepared in response to a request dated April 22, 1966, from the General Manager of The Alaska Railroad to the Director, U.S. Geological Survey, for an evaluation of the propriety of continued industrial expansion on land contained within The Alaska Railroad Terminal Reserve and nearby. It is based on field examination June 8-12, 1966, in company with Messrs. E. B. Eckel and E. G. Dobrovolny, field work September 19-October 3, 1966, and May 1-June 4, 1967, on discussions with the staff of The Alaska Railroad, my colleagues, and Professor H. B. Seed of the University of California, and on review of published and unpublished material pertinent to the area and its problems.
During the fall of 1966 a detailed topographic map of the port area was prepared for The Alaska Railroad by Jay Whiteford and Associates. During late 1966 and early 1967 a drilling, sampling and soils testing program in an area of immediate interest along Boring Lines 1 and 2 was made by Adams, Corthell, Lee, Wince, and Associates (ACLW), a consultant engineering firm, under contract to The Alaska Railroad. Most of the basic data used in this report for stability analyses, such as the geometry of the ground surface and the physical properties of the materials, was derived from the Whiteford map and the ACLW investigations.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr68310","usgsCitation":"Varnes, D., 1968, Alaska Railroad Terminal Reserve, Anchorage, soil-stability study: Stability in the vicinity of boring lines 1 and 2: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 68-310, Report: 40 p.; 27 Plates: 69.58 x 24.31 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr68310.","productDescription":"Report: 40 p.; 27 Plates: 69.58 x 24.31 inches or 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The activities were 19 and 37 μmoles acetylcholine hydrolyzed/milligram protein per hour for the bluegill and channel catfish enzymes, respectively. The optimum substrate concentration for the hydrolysis of acetylcholine was 10 mMfor the enzymes from both species. Generally, the catfish acetylcholinesterase was somewhat more susceptible than the bluegill to the inhibitors tested; however, the bluegill enzyme was more susceptible to inhibition by malathion and malaoxon.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/f68-059","usgsCitation":"Hogan, J.W., and Knowles, C.O., 1968, Some enzymatic properties of brain Acetylcholinesterase from bluegill and channel catfish: Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, v. 25, no. 4, p. 615-623, https://doi.org/10.1139/f68-059.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"615","endPage":"623","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321689,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5746ccc3e4b07e28b662dd31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hogan, James W.","contributorId":24402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hogan","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knowles, Charles O.","contributorId":169621,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knowles","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70171226,"text":"70171226 - 1968 - Electrophoretic separation of fish brain esterases","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-25T16:37:04","indexId":"70171226","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2543,"text":"Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Electrophoretic separation of fish brain esterases","docAbstract":"Fish brains were homogenized in an all-glass Potter-Elvehjem-type tissue grinder in 40% sucrose solution. The homogenate concentration was 10 brains/ml for both the bluegill and channel catfish. The brei was centrifuged at 34,700 g for 30 min at 5 C, and 30 J.lliters of the supernatant were used per column for electrophoresis.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/f68-135","usgsCitation":"Knowles, C.O., Arurkar, S.K., and Hogan, J.W., 1968, Electrophoretic separation of fish brain esterases: Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, v. 25, no. 7, p. 1517-1519, https://doi.org/10.1139/f68-135.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"1517","endPage":"1519","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321691,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5746ccb7e4b07e28b662dc97","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knowles, Charles O.","contributorId":169621,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knowles","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arurkar, Suresh K.","contributorId":169622,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arurkar","given":"Suresh","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hogan, James W.","contributorId":24402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hogan","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70171228,"text":"70171228 - 1968 - Some effects of mirex on two warm-water fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-25T16:44:44","indexId":"70171228","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Some effects of mirex on two warm-water fishes","docAbstract":"The effects of mirex on two species of warm-water fishes were studied in three experiments in which the fish were exposed either by feeding a mirex-treated diet, or by treating the holding ponds with a mirex formulation. Bluegills were used in the feeding experiment, where three different levels of mirex were incorporated into the diet and fed to fish held in plastic pools, and in the first pond-exposure experiment, in which the fish were held in earthen ponds treated once with a mirex-corncob grit formulation. The third experiment used goldfish held in earthen ponds which also were treated once with the mirex-corncob grit formulation. In general, higher rates of exposure produced higher whole-body residues of mirex in the fish, and, except in bluegills from the lower-treatment ponds of the first contact experiment and in control fish, whole-body residues increased throughout the terms of these experiments. Soil, water, and vegetation samples from the two contact experiments, although subject to large differences between individual samples, contained relatively unchanging mirex concentrations, illustrating that this chemical is highly resistant to degradation or removal. No mortality or tissue pathology in the bluegills could be ascribed to mirex exposure, but the gills and kidneys of mirex-exposed goldfish showed reactions beginning with the samples taken 56 days after treatment, and the numbers of these fish surviving until termination of this experiment were inversely related to treatment level. Total serum protein and hematocrit percentages had no apparent relationship to treatment levels, nor was mirex exposure a demonstrable factor in growth rates in the contact experiments. However, growth of the bluegills in the highest treatment groups of the feeding experiment was adversely affected. Invertebrate populations seemed not to be affected by the mirex treatment in either of the earthen pond experiments.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1968)97[185:SEOMOT]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Van Valin, C.C., Andrews, A.K., and Eller, L.L., 1968, Some effects of mirex on two warm-water fishes: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 97, no. 2, p. 185-196, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1968)97[185:SEOMOT]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"185","endPage":"196","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321695,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"97","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5746ccc2e4b07e28b662dd2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Valin, Charles C.","contributorId":169609,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Van Valin","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andrews, Austin K.","contributorId":85516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"Austin","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eller, Lafayette L.","contributorId":31259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eller","given":"Lafayette","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}