{"pageNumber":"587","pageRowStart":"14650","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40789,"records":[{"id":70160606,"text":"70160606 - 2014 - Field‐readable alphanumeric flags are valuable markers for shorebirds: use of double‐marking to identify cases of misidentification","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T10:25:16","indexId":"70160606","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-26T15:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Field‐readable alphanumeric flags are valuable markers for shorebirds: use of double‐marking to identify cases of misidentification","docAbstract":"Implicit assumptions for most mark-recapture studies are that individuals do not lose their markers and all observed markers are correctly recorded. If these assumptions are violated, e.g., due to loss or extreme wear of markers, estimates of population size and vital rates will be biased. Double-marking experiments have been widely used to estimate rates of marker loss and adjust for associated bias, and we extended this approach to estimate rates of recording errors. We double-marked 309 Piping Plovers (Charadrius melodus) with unique combinations of color bands and alphanumeric flags and used multi-state mark recapture models to estimate the frequency with which plovers were misidentified. Observers were twice as likely to read and report an invalid color-band combination (2.4% of the time) as an invalid alphanumeric code (1.0%). Observers failed to read matching band combinations or alphanumeric flag codes 4.5% of the time. Unlike previous band resighting studies, use of two resightable markers allowed us to identify when resighting errors resulted in reports of combinations or codes that were valid, but still incorrect; our results suggest this may be a largely unappreciated problem in mark-resight studies. Field-readable alphanumeric flags offer a promising auxiliary marker for identifying and potentially adjusting for false-positive resighting errors that may otherwise bias demographic estimates.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","publisherLocation":"Oxford","doi":"10.1111/jofo.12072","usgsCitation":"Roche, E.A., Dovichin, C.M., and Arnold, T.W., 2014, Field‐readable alphanumeric flags are valuable markers for shorebirds: use of double‐marking to identify cases of misidentification: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 85, no. 3, p. 329-338, https://doi.org/10.1111/jofo.12072.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"329","endPage":"338","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054688","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312834,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota, South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Missouri River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -102.4365234375,\n 48.02299832104887\n ],\n [\n -102.68920898437499,\n 47.57652571374621\n ],\n [\n -102.4530029296875,\n 47.387193097780425\n ],\n [\n -101.53564453124999,\n 47.416937456635445\n ],\n [\n -101.414794921875,\n 47.15236927446393\n ],\n [\n -101.1016845703125,\n 47.178512264439085\n ],\n [\n -100.843505859375,\n 46.50973514453879\n ],\n [\n -100.75561523437499,\n 46.05417324177818\n ],\n [\n -100.7391357421875,\n 45.34828480683999\n ],\n [\n -100.45898437499999,\n 45.213003555993964\n ],\n [\n -100.601806640625,\n 44.984227835166486\n ],\n [\n -101.3818359375,\n 44.824708282300236\n ],\n [\n -101.195068359375,\n 44.56307730757893\n ],\n [\n -100.72265625,\n 44.53175879707938\n ],\n [\n -100.6182861328125,\n 44.327777761284445\n ],\n [\n -100.2886962890625,\n 44.47299117260252\n ],\n [\n -100.360107421875,\n 44.692088041727814\n ],\n [\n -100.0360107421875,\n 45.24395342262324\n ],\n [\n -100.184326171875,\n 46.01603873833416\n ],\n [\n -100.3765869140625,\n 46.164614496897094\n ],\n [\n -100.4150390625,\n 46.67582559793001\n ],\n [\n -100.65673828125,\n 46.84516443029279\n ],\n [\n -100.821533203125,\n 47.26432008025478\n ],\n [\n -101.14013671875,\n 47.39463076190644\n ],\n [\n -101.2060546875,\n 47.45780853075031\n ],\n [\n -100.9149169921875,\n 47.55428670127958\n ],\n [\n -100.986328125,\n 47.73562905149295\n ],\n [\n -101.8212890625,\n 47.65058757118734\n ],\n [\n -102.0355224609375,\n 47.67278567576541\n ],\n [\n -102.20581054687499,\n 48.0156497866894\n ],\n [\n -102.4365234375,\n 48.02299832104887\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"85","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"567bd3bce4b0a04ef491a1fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roche, Erin A. eroche@usgs.gov","contributorId":5558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roche","given":"Erin","email":"eroche@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":583269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dovichin, Colin M. 0000-0002-9325-5779 cdovichin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9325-5779","contributorId":4505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dovichin","given":"Colin","email":"cdovichin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":583270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arnold, Todd W.","contributorId":36058,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arnold","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":12644,"text":"University of Minnesota, St. Paul","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70129362,"text":"70129362 - 2014 - Abiotic/biotic coupling in the rhizosphere: a reactive transport modeling analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-04T15:29:17","indexId":"70129362","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3828,"text":"Procedia Earth and Planetary Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Abiotic/biotic coupling in the rhizosphere: a reactive transport modeling analysis","docAbstract":"A new generation of models is needed to adequately simulate patterns of soil biogeochemical cycling in response changing global environmental drivers. For example, predicting the influence of climate change on soil organic matter storage and stability requires models capable of addressing complex biotic/abiotic interactions of rhizosphere and weathering processes. Reactive transport modeling provides a powerful framework simulating these interactions and the resulting influence on soil physical and chemical characteristics. Incorporation of organic reactions in an existing reactive transport model framework has yielded novel insights into soil weathering and development but much more work is required to adequately capture root and microbial dynamics in the rhizosphere. This endeavor provides many advantages over traditional soil biogeochemical models but also many challenges.
","conferenceTitle":"Geochemistry of the Earth's surface GES-10","conferenceDate":"August 18-23, 2014","conferenceLocation":"Paris, France","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.proeps.2014.08.037","usgsCitation":"Lawrence, C., Steefel, C., and Maher, K., 2014, Abiotic/biotic coupling in the rhizosphere: a reactive transport modeling analysis: Procedia Earth and Planetary Science, v. 10, p. 104-108, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeps.2014.08.037.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"104","endPage":"108","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057607","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472812,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeps.2014.08.037","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":296445,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"548193b9e4b0aa6d778520e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lawrence, Corey R. clawrence@usgs.gov","contributorId":4478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"Corey R.","email":"clawrence@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steefel, Carl","contributorId":66932,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Steefel","given":"Carl","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6670,"text":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maher, Kate","contributorId":97824,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maher","given":"Kate","affiliations":[{"id":7039,"text":"Stanford University, Department of Geoloigcal and Environmental Sciences, Stanford, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70121631,"text":"ofr20141177 - 2014 - Behavior and dam passage of juvenile Chinook salmon at Cougar Reservoir and Dam, Oregon, March 2012 - February 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-25T13:58:24","indexId":"ofr20141177","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-25T12:38:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1177","title":"Behavior and dam passage of juvenile Chinook salmon at Cougar Reservoir and Dam, Oregon, March 2012 - February 2013","docAbstract":"The movements and dam passage of individual juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) were studied at Cougar Reservoir and Dam, near Springfield, Oregon, during 2012 and 2013. Cougar Dam is a high-head flood-control reservoir with a temperature control tower as its outlet enabling selective withdrawals of water at various depths to control the temperature of water passed downstream. This report describes the second year of a 2-year study with the goal of providing information to inform decisions about future downstream passage alternatives. Inferences were based on the behavior of yearling-size juvenile Chinook salmon implanted with acoustic transmitters. The fish were released near the head of the reservoir during the spring (March, April, and May) and fall (September, October, and November) of 2012. Most tagged fish were of hatchery origin (468 spring, 449 fall) because of the low number of wild fish captured from within the reservoir (0 spring, 65 fall). Detections at hydrophones placed in several lines across the reservoir and within a collective system used to estimate three-dimensional positions near the temperature control tower were used to determine fish behavior and factors affecting dam passage rates. Most tagged fish made repeated non-random migrations from one end of the reservoir to the other and took a median of 3.7–11.7 days to travel about 7 kilometers from the release site to within about 100 meters of the temperature control tower, depending on season and origin. Reservoir passage efficiency (percentage of tagged fish detected at the head of the forebay) was 97.8 percent for hatchery fish and 74.2 percent for wild fish. Tagged fish commonly were within about 100 meters of the temperature control tower, and often spent considerable time near the entrance to the tower; however, the dam passage efficiency (percentage of dam passage of fish detected at the head of the forebay) was low for fish released during the spring (11.1 percent) and moderate for fish released during the fall (58.1 percent for hatchery fish, 65.2 percent for wild fish) over the 90th percentile of the empirically determined tag life, which was about 90 days. The primary factors affecting the dam passage rate were diel period, dam discharge, and reservoir elevation, and most passage occurred during conditions of night, high dam discharge, and low reservoir elevation. Most fish entering the temperature control tower passed the dam without returning to the reservoir. The common presence of tagged fish near the tower entrance and high proportion of dam passage after tower entry suggests that the primary cause of the poor dam passage rate was the low rate of tower entry. We hypothesize that fish reject the tower entrance because of low water velocities contributing to a small flow field, an abrupt deceleration at the trash rack, or a combination of those two conditions. Results of a controlled test of head differential (the difference between water elevation outside and inside the temperature control tower) indicated weak statistical support (P= 0.0930) for a greater tower entry rate when the differential was 0.65–1.00 foot compared to 0.00–0.30 foot. Results from hatchery and wild fish were similar, with the exception of the reservoir passage efficiency, indicating hatchery fish were suitable surrogates for the wild fish for the purpose of this study.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141177","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Beeman, J.W., Hansel, H.C., Hansen, A.C., Evans, S.D., Haner, P.V., Hatton, T., Kofoot, E.E., Sprando, J.M., and Smith, C.D., 2014, Behavior and dam passage of juvenile Chinook salmon at Cougar Reservoir and Dam, Oregon, March 2012 - February 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1177, vi, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141177.","productDescription":"vi, 52 p.","numberOfPages":"62","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2012-03-01","temporalEnd":"2013-02-28","ipdsId":"IP-052869","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292983,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141177.jpg"},{"id":292982,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1177/pdf/ofr2014-1177.pdf"},{"id":292978,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1177/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Cougar Dam","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.2416269803,44.1275400197 ], [ -122.2416269803,44.1302379803 ], [ -122.2389290197,44.1302379803 ], [ -122.2389290197,44.1275400197 ], [ -122.2416269803,44.1275400197 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53fc3fb1e4b0413fd75d2976","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beeman, John W. jbeeman@usgs.gov","contributorId":2646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeman","given":"John","email":"jbeeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hansel, Hal C. 0000-0002-3537-8244 hhansel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3537-8244","contributorId":2887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansel","given":"Hal","email":"hhansel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hansen, Amy C. 0000-0002-0298-9137 achansen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0298-9137","contributorId":4350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Amy","email":"achansen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Evans, Scott D. 0000-0003-0452-7726 sdevans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0452-7726","contributorId":4408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"Scott","email":"sdevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Haner, Philip V. 0000-0001-6940-487X phaner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6940-487X","contributorId":2364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haner","given":"Philip","email":"phaner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hatton, Tyson thatton@usgs.gov","contributorId":3573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatton","given":"Tyson","email":"thatton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kofoot, Eric E. pkofoot@usgs.gov","contributorId":4673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kofoot","given":"Eric","email":"pkofoot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sprando, Jamie M. jsprando@usgs.gov","contributorId":4005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sprando","given":"Jamie","email":"jsprando@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Smith, Collin D. 0000-0003-4184-5686 cdsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4184-5686","contributorId":3111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Collin","email":"cdsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70115414,"text":"sir20145126 - 2014 - High-resolution topography and geomorphology of select archeological sites in Glen Canyon National Recreation Area, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-24T13:16:48.547217","indexId":"sir20145126","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-25T11:31:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5126","title":"High-resolution topography and geomorphology of select archeological sites in Glen Canyon National Recreation Area, Arizona","docAbstract":"Along the Colorado River corridor between Glen Canyon Dam and Lees Ferry, Arizona, located some 25 km downstream from the dam, archaeological sites dating from 8,000 years before present through the modern era are located within and on top of fluvial and alluvial terraces of the prehistorically undammed river. These terraces are known to have undergone significant erosion and retreat since emplacement of Glen Canyon Dam in 1963. Land managers and policy makers associated with managing the flow of the Colorado River are interested in understanding how the operations of Glen Canyon Dam have affected the archeological sites associated with these terraces and how dam-controlled flows currently interact with other landscape-shaping processes. In 2012, the U.S. Geological Survey initiated a research project in Glen Canyon to study the types and causes of erosion of the terraces. This report provides the first step towards this understanding by presenting comparative analyses on several types of high-resolution topographic data (airborne lidar, terrestrial lidar, and airborne photogrammetry) that can be used in the future to document and analyze changes to terrace-based archaeological sites.
\n
\nHerein, we present topographic and geomorphologic data of four archaeological sites within a 14 km segment of Glen Canyon using each of the three data sources. In addition to comparing each method’s suitability for adequately representing the topography of the sites, we also analyze the data within each site’s context and describe the geomorphological processes responsible for erosion. Our results show that each method has its own strengths and weaknesses, and that terrestrial and airborne lidar are essentially interchangeable for many important topographic characterization and monitoring purposes. However, whereas terrestrial lidar provides enhanced capacity for feature recognition and gully morphology delineation, airborne methods (whether by way of laser or optical sensors) are better suited for reach- and regional-scale mapping. Our site-specific geomorphic analyses of the four archeological sites indicate that their current topographical conditions are a result of different and sometimes competing erosional agents, including bedrock- and terrace-based overland flow, fluvial-induced terrace bank collapse, and alluvial-fan-generated debris flows. Although the influences of anthropogenic-induced erosion from dam operations are not specifically analyzed in this report, we do identify geomorphic settings where dam operations are either more or less likely to affect archeological site stability. This information can be used to assist with future monitoring efforts of these sites and identification of similar conditions for other archeological sites along the Colorado River corridor in Glen Canyon.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145126","usgsCitation":"Collins, B., Corbett, S., Sankey, J.B., and Fairley, H., 2014, High-resolution topography and geomorphology of select archeological sites in Glen Canyon National Recreation Area, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5126, vi, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145126.","productDescription":"vi, 31 p.","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-055432","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292976,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145126.jpg"},{"id":289412,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5126/"},{"id":292975,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5126/pdf/sir2014-5126.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Glen Canyon National Recreation Area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.659217,36.816343 ], [ -111.659217,37.001017 ], [ -111.396264,37.001017 ], [ -111.396264,36.816343 ], [ -111.659217,36.816343 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53fc3fb2e4b0413fd75d297e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collins, Brian D.","contributorId":71641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"Brian D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Corbett, Skye C.","contributorId":54844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corbett","given":"Skye C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sankey, Joel B. 0000-0003-3150-4992 jsankey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3150-4992","contributorId":3935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sankey","given":"Joel","email":"jsankey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fairley, Helen C.","contributorId":10506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fairley","given":"Helen C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70115556,"text":"ofr20141136 - 2014 - Integration of seismic-reflection and well data to assess the potential impact of stratigraphic and structural features on sustainable water supply from the Floridan aquifer system, Broward County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-25T10:40:34","indexId":"ofr20141136","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-25T10:37:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1136","title":"Integration of seismic-reflection and well data to assess the potential impact of stratigraphic and structural features on sustainable water supply from the Floridan aquifer system, Broward County, Florida","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey and Broward County water managers commenced a 3.5-year cooperative study in July 2012 to refine the geologic and hydrogeologic framework of the Floridan aquifer system (FAS) in Broward County. A lack of advanced stratigraphic knowledge of the physical system and structural geologic anomalies (faults and fractures originating from tectonics and karst-collapse structures) within the FAS pose a risk to the sustainable management of the resource.
\n
\nThe principal objective of the study is to better define the regional stratigraphic and structural setting of the FAS in Broward County. The objective will be achieved through the acquisition, processing, and interpretation of new seismic-reflection data along several canals in Broward County. The interpretation includes integration of the new seismic-reflection data with existing seismic-reflection profiles along Hillsboro Canal in Broward County and within northeast Miami-Dade County, as well as with data from nearby FAS wellbores. The scope of the study includes mapping the geologic, hydrogeologic, and seismic-reflection framework of the FAS, and identifying stratigraphic and structural characteristics that could either facilitate or preclude the sustainable use of the FAS as an alternate water supply or a treated effluent repository. In addition, the investigation offers an opportunity to: (1) improve existing groundwater flow models, (2) enhance the understanding of the sensitivity of the groundwater system to well-field development and upconing of saline fluids, and (3) support site selection for future FAS projects, such as Class I wells that would inject treated effluent into the deep Boulder Zone.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141136","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Broward County Environmental Planning and Community Resilience Division","usgsCitation":"Cunningham, K.J., 2014, Integration of seismic-reflection and well data to assess the potential impact of stratigraphic and structural features on sustainable water supply from the Floridan aquifer system, Broward County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1136, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141136.","productDescription":"5 p.","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-054938","costCenters":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292961,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141136.jpg"},{"id":292959,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1136/"},{"id":292960,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1136/pdf/ofr2014-1136.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Broward County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80.416667,25.916667 ], [ -80.416667,26.366667 ], [ -80.116667,26.366667 ], [ -80.116667,25.916667 ], [ -80.416667,25.916667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53fc3fb3e4b0413fd75d2986","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cunningham, Kevin J. 0000-0002-2179-8686 kcunning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2179-8686","contributorId":1689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"Kevin","email":"kcunning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70115110,"text":"fs20143007 - 2014 - SAHM:VisTrails (Software for Assisted Habitat Modeling for VisTrails): training course","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-21T11:23:25","indexId":"fs20143007","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-22T12:59:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3007","title":"SAHM:VisTrails (Software for Assisted Habitat Modeling for VisTrails): training course","docAbstract":"VisTrails is an open-source management and scientific workflow system designed to integrate the best of both scientific workflow and scientific visualization systems. Developers can extend the functionality of the VisTrails system by creating custom modules for bundled VisTrails packages. The Invasive Species Science Branch of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Fort Collins Science Center (FORT) and the U.S. Department of the Interior’s North Central Climate Science Center have teamed up to develop and implement such a module—the Software for Assisted Habitat Modeling (SAHM). SAHM expedites habitat modeling and helps maintain a record of the various input data, the steps before and after processing, and the modeling options incorporated in the construction of an ecological response model. There are four main advantages to using the SAHM:VisTrails combined package for species distribution modeling: (1) formalization and tractable recording of the entire modeling process; (2) easier collaboration through a common modeling framework; (3) a user-friendly graphical interface to manage file input, model runs, and output; and (4) extensibility to incorporate future and additional modeling routines and tools.
\n
\nIn order to meet increased interest in the SAHM:VisTrails package, the FORT offers a training course twice a year. The course includes a combination of lecture, hands-on work, and discussion. Please join us and other ecological modelers to learn the capabilities of the SAHM:VisTrails package.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143007","usgsCitation":"Holcombe, T., 2014, SAHM:VisTrails (Software for Assisted Habitat Modeling for VisTrails): training course: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014-3007, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143007.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-045542","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37226,"text":"Core Science Analytics, Synthesis, and Libraries","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292878,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20143007.jpg"},{"id":292876,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3007/"},{"id":292877,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3007/pdf/fs2014-3007.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f84b2fe4b03f038c5bd43f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holcombe, Tracy","contributorId":93817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holcombe","given":"Tracy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70121391,"text":"70121391 - 2014 - Simulating water-quality trends in public-supply wells in transient flow systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-01T11:46:51","indexId":"70121391","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-21T13:28:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulating water-quality trends in public-supply wells in transient flow systems","docAbstract":"Models need not be complex to be useful. An existing groundwater-flow model of Salt Lake Valley, Utah, was adapted for use with convolution-based advective particle tracking to explain broad spatial trends in dissolved solids. This model supports the hypothesis that water produced from wells is increasingly younger with higher proportions of surface sources as pumping changes in the basin over time. At individual wells, however, predicting specific water-quality changes remains challenging. The influence of pumping-induced transient groundwater flow on changes in mean age and source areas is significant. Mean age and source areas were mapped across the model domain to extend the results from observation wells to the entire aquifer to see where changes in concentrations of dissolved solids are expected to occur. The timing of these changes depends on accurate estimates of groundwater velocity. Calibration to tritium concentrations was used to estimate effective porosity and improve correlation between source area changes, age changes, and measured dissolved solids trends. Uncertainty in the model is due in part to spatial and temporal variations in tracer inputs, estimated tracer transport parameters, and in pumping stresses at sampling points. For tracers such as tritium, the presence of two-limbed input curves can be problematic because a single concentration can be associated with multiple disparate travel times. These shortcomings can be ameliorated by adding hydrologic and geologic detail to the model and by adding additional calibration data. However, the Salt Lake Valley model is useful even without such small-scale detail.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/gwat.12230","usgsCitation":"Starn, J.J., Green, C.T., Hinkle, S.R., Bagtzoglou, A., and Stolp, B.J., 2014, Simulating water-quality trends in public-supply wells in transient flow systems: Ground Water, v. 52, no. S1, p. 53-62, https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12230.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"62","ipdsId":"IP-037946","costCenters":[{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472815,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12230","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":292789,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":292780,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12230"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Salt Lake Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.25,40.25 ], [ -112.25,40.916667 ], [ -111.75,40.916667 ], [ -111.75,40.25 ], [ -112.25,40.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"52","issue":"S1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f6f9b7e4b05ec1f24290e0","chorus":{"doi":"10.1111/gwat.12230","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12230","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Jeffrey Starn J., Green Christopher T., Hinkle Stephen R., Bagtzoglou Amvrossios C., Stolp Bernard J.","journalName":"Groundwater","publicationDate":"7/12/2014","auditedOn":"3/17/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Starn, J. Jeffrey","contributorId":101617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Starn","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jeffrey","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Green, Christopher T. 0000-0002-6480-8194 ctgreen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6480-8194","contributorId":1343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"Christopher","email":"ctgreen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hinkle, Stephen R. srhinkle@usgs.gov","contributorId":1171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinkle","given":"Stephen","email":"srhinkle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bagtzoglou, Amvrossios C.","contributorId":30146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bagtzoglou","given":"Amvrossios C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stolp, Bernard J. 0000-0003-3803-1497 bjstolp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3803-1497","contributorId":963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stolp","given":"Bernard","email":"bjstolp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70121285,"text":"70121285 - 2014 - How hot is too hot? Live-trapped gray wolf rectal temperatures and 1-year survival","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-21T09:21:48","indexId":"70121285","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-21T09:50:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"How hot is too hot? Live-trapped gray wolf rectal temperatures and 1-year survival","docAbstract":"The ability of physically restrained and anesthetized wolves to thermoregulate is lessened and could lead to reduced survival, yet no information is available about this subject. Therefore, we analyzed rectal temperatures related to survival 1 year post-capture from 173 adult (non-pup) gray wolves (Canis lupus) captured in modified foot-hold traps for radiocollaring during June–August, 1988–2011, in the Superior National Forest of northeastern Minnesota, USA. The maximum observed rectal temperature (“maxtemp,” ° F, ° C) in each wolf during capture (x = 104.0, 40.0; SD = 2.0, 1.1; min. = 95.9, 35.5; max. = 108, 42.2) was not a significant predictor of survival to 1 year post-capture. Although no weather or morphometric variable was a significant predictor of maxtemps, wolves initially anesthetized with ketamine–xylazine rather than telazol®–xylazine averaged higher maxtemps. This information does not fully address possible effects of high body temperatures related to live-capture and handling of wolves, but it does provide a useful waypoint for future assessments of this relationship and a reassurance to wildlife practitioners that the maxtemps observed in our study did not appear to affect 1-year survival.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","doi":"10.1002/wsb.470","usgsCitation":"Barber-Meyer, S., and Mech, L.D., 2014, How hot is too hot? Live-trapped gray wolf rectal temperatures and 1-year survival: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 38, no. 4, p. 767-772, https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.470.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"767","endPage":"772","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-045702","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499907,"rank":3,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doaj.org/article/745f905f4f1840449d927eeb7c2d53ab","text":"External Repository"},{"id":292693,"rank":2,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wsb.470"},{"id":292743,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Superior National Forest","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -93.0917,47.2848 ], [ -93.0917,48.4396 ], [ -89.855,48.4396 ], [ -89.855,47.2848 ], [ -93.0917,47.2848 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"38","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f6f9b4e4b05ec1f24290d3","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/wsb.470","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wsb.470","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Barber-Meyer Shannon M., Mech L. David","journalName":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","publicationDate":"8/13/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barber-Meyer, Shannon M. 0000-0002-3048-2616","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3048-2616","contributorId":79810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber-Meyer","given":"Shannon M.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":498918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mech, L. David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70116612,"text":"sir20145134 - 2014 - Description of landscape features, summary of existing hydrologic data, and identification of data gaps for the Osage Nation, northeastern Oklahoma, 1890-2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-26T17:48:07","indexId":"sir20145134","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-21T08:49:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5134","title":"Description of landscape features, summary of existing hydrologic data, and identification of data gaps for the Osage Nation, northeastern Oklahoma, 1890-2012","docAbstract":"The Osage Nation of northeastern Oklahoma, conterminous with Osage County, is characterized by gently rolling uplands and incised stream valleys that have downcut into underlying sedimentary rock units of Pennsylvanian through Permian age. Cattle ranching and petroleum and natural-gas extraction are the principal land uses in this rural area. Freshwater resources in the Osage Nation include water flowing in the Arkansas River and several smaller streams, water stored in several lakes, and groundwater contained in unconsolidated alluvial aquifers and bedrock aquifers. The Vamoosa-Ada aquifer is the primary source of fresh groundwater in this area. Fresh groundwater is underlain by saline groundwater in aquifers underlying the Osage Nation. Because of the potential for future population increases, demands for water from neighboring areas such as the Tulsa metropolitan area, and expansion of petroleum and natural-gas extraction on water resources of this area, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Osage Nation, summarized existing hydrologic data and identified data gaps to provide information for planning of future development of water resources in the Osage Nation.
\n
\nStreamflows in the Osage Nation are substantially affected by precipitation. During the relatively wet periods from the 1970s to 2000, the annual streamflows in the Osage Nation increased by as much as a factor of 2 relative to preceding decades, with subsequent decreases in streamflow of as much as 50 percent being recorded during intermittent drier years of the early 2000s. This report summarizes hydrologic data from 3 surface-water sites and 91 wells distributed across the Osage Nation. Data collected at those sites indicate that surface water in the Osage Nation generally has sufficient dissolved oxygen for survival of both coldwater and warmwater aquatic biota. Total dissolved solids concentration exceeded the secondary drinking-water standard of 500 milligrams per liter (mg/L) in up to 75 percent of the surface-water samples, indicating limited availability of potable water at some sites. Some surface-water samples collected in the Osage Nation contained dissolved chloride concentrations exceeding the secondary drinking-water standard of 250 mg/L, with greater chloride concentrations in selected basins appearing to be associated with greater densities of petroleum well locations. Several lakes sampled in the Osage Nation from 2011–12 contained sufficient chlorophyll-a concentrations to be ranked as mesotrophic to eutrophic, indicating impairment by nutrients. Relatively large dissolved phosphorus concentrations in many surface-water samples, compared to water-quality standards, indicate that eutrophication can occur in local streams and lakes.
\n
\nThe amount of fresh groundwater stored in alluvial aquifers and the Vamoosa-Ada bedrock aquifer is adequate for domestic and other purposes in the Osage Nation at the current rate of usage. In areas where these aquifers are absent, groundwater must be pumped from minor bedrock aquifers that produce smaller volumes of water. About 30 and 60 percent of 32 and 54 water samples collected from the alluvial and Vamoosa-Ada aquifers, respectively, contained total dissolved solids concentrations larger than the secondary drinking-water standard of 500 mg/L. Local factors, such as natural seepage of brines or leakage from petroleum and natural-gas extraction activities, may cause substantial variations in dissolved chloride concentration in groundwater in the Osage Nation. Total phosphorus concentrations measured in groundwater samples were similar to dissolved phosphorus concentrations measured in the base flow of several streams.
\n
\nTotal fresh surface-water withdrawals (use) and fresh groundwater withdrawals in the Osage Nation were estimated to have increased from 0.75 to 16.19 million gallons per day and from 0.13 to 2.39 million gallons per day, respectively, over the period from 1890 through 2010. Estimated saline-groundwater reinjection volumes at the heavily developed Burbank Oil Field in the Osage Nation from 1950 through 2012 were many times larger than the total amounts of freshwater withdrawn in this area, with estimated increases in saline-groundwater reinjection in the 2000s probably being related to increased petroleum extraction.
\n
\nEstimates of freshwater resources in local streams, lakes, and freshwater aquifers and of net annual precipitation indicate that less than 1 percent of freshwater resources and net annual precipitation currently is being withdrawn annually in the Osage Nation. In addition to freshwater resources, the Osage Nation may be underlain by 45,000,000 million gallons of brines, a small portion of which are withdrawn and reinjected during petroleum and natural-gas extraction. Ongoing development of desalinization technology may lead to the ability to expand use of these saline waters in the future.
\n
\nSeveral additional studies could improve understanding of the hydrologic resources of the Osage Nation. Development of computer models (simulations) of groundwater and surface-water flow for this area could enable testing of scenarios of localized and widespread effects of future climate variations and water-use changes on streamflows, lake-water levels, and groundwater levels in the Osage Nation. Installation of additional long-term streamflow and water-quality sampling stations, some with continuous water-quality monitors, could expand and improve understanding of surface-water quality. Periodic measurement of groundwater levels and sampling of water from a network of wells could provide better information about trends of groundwater quantity and quality with time. Measurement of water withdrawals at selected sites could enable more accurate estimates of water use. Lastly, better understanding of aquifer properties and spatial distribution of saline groundwater provided by geophysical surveys could improve understanding of fresh and saline groundwater resources underlying the Osage Nation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145134","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Osage Nation","usgsCitation":"Andrews, W.J., and Smith, S.J., 2014, Description of landscape features, summary of existing hydrologic data, and identification of data gaps for the Osage Nation, northeastern Oklahoma, 1890-2012: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5134, x, 53 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145134.","productDescription":"x, 53 p.","numberOfPages":"67","onlineOnly":"N","temporalStart":"1890-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-053211","costCenters":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292732,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145134.jpg"},{"id":292731,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5134/pdf/sir2014-5134.pdf"},{"id":292723,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5134/"}],"projection":"Albers Equal-Area Conic projection","country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","county":"Osage County","otherGeospatial":"Osage Nation","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.0647,36.1609 ], [ -97.0647,36.9994 ], [ -96.0003,36.9994 ], [ -96.0003,36.1609 ], [ -97.0647,36.1609 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f6f9b2e4b05ec1f24290c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andrews, William J. 0000-0003-4780-8835 wandrews@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4780-8835","contributorId":328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"William","email":"wandrews@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, S. Jerrod 0000-0002-9379-8167 sjsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9379-8167","contributorId":981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"S.","email":"sjsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Jerrod","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70107026,"text":"sir20145093 - 2014 - Hydrosalinity studies of the Virgin River, Dixie Hot Springs, and Littlefield Springs, Utah, Arizona, and Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-03T17:18:04","indexId":"sir20145093","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-21T08:34:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5093","title":"Hydrosalinity studies of the Virgin River, Dixie Hot Springs, and Littlefield Springs, Utah, Arizona, and Nevada","docAbstract":"The Virgin River contributes a substantial amount of dissolved solids (salt) to the Colorado River at Lake Mead in the lower Colorado River Basin. Degradation of Colorado River water by the addition of dissolved solids from the Virgin River affects the suitability of the water for municipal, industrial, and agricultural use within the basin. Dixie Hot Springs in Utah are a major localized source of dissolved solids discharging to the Virgin River. The average measured discharge from Dixie Hot Springs during 2009–10 was 11.0 cubic feet per second (ft3/s), and the average dissolved-solids concentration was 9,220 milligrams per liter (mg/L). The average dissolved-solids load—a measurement that describes the mass of salt that is transported per unit of time—from Dixie Hot Springs during this period was 96,200 tons per year (ton/yr).
\n
\nAnnual dissolved-solids loads were estimated at 13 monitoring sites in the Virgin River Basin from streamflow data and discrete measurements of dissolved-solids concentrations and (or) specific conductance. Eight of the sites had the data needed to estimate annual dissolved-solids loads for water years (WYs) 1999 through 2010. During 1999–2010, the smallest dissolved-solids loads in the Virgin River were upstream of Dixie Hot Springs (59,900 ton/yr, on average) and the largest loads were downstream of Littlefield Springs (298,200 ton/yr, on average). Annual dissolved-solids loads were smallest during 2002–03, which was a period of below normal precipitation. Annual dissolved-solids loads were largest during 2005—a year that included a winter rain storm that resulted in flooding throughout much of the Virgin River Basin.
\n
\nAn average seepage loss of 26.7 ft3/s was calculated from analysis of monthly average streamflow from July 1998 to September 2010 in the Virgin River for the reach that extends from just upstream of the Utah/Arizona State line to just above the Virgin River Gorge Narrows. Seepage losses from three river reaches in the Virgin River Gorge containing known fault zones accounted for about 48 percent of this total seepage loss. An additional seepage loss of 6.7 ft3/s was calculated for the reach of the Virgin River between Bloomington, Utah, and the Utah/Arizona State line. This loss in flow is small compared to total flow in the river and is comparable to the rated error in streamflow measurements in this reach; consequently, it should be used with caution.
\n
\nLittlefield Springs were studied to determine the fraction of its discharge that originates as upstream seepage from the Virgin River and residence time of this water in the subsurface. Geochemical and environmental tracer data from groundwater and surface-water sites in the Virgin River Gorge area suggest that discharge from Littlefield Springs is a mixture of modern (post-1950s) seepage from the Virgin River upstream of the springs and older groundwater from a regional carbonate aquifer. Concentrations of the chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) CFC-12 and CFC-113, chloride/fluoride and chloride/bromide ratios, and the stable isotope deuterium indicate that water discharging from Littlefield Springs is about 60 percent seepage from the Virgin River and about 40 percent discharge from the regional carbonate aquifer. The river seepage component was determined to have an average subsurface traveltime of about 26 ±1.6 years before discharging at Littlefield Springs. Radiocarbon data for Littlefield Springs suggest groundwater ages from 1,000 to 9,000 years. Because these are mixed waters, the component of discharge from the carbonate aquifer is likely much older than the groundwater ages suggested by the Littlefield Springs samples.
\n
\nIf the dissolved-solids load from Dixie Hot Springs to the Virgin River were reduced, the irrigation water subsequently applied to agricultural fields in the St. George and Washington areas, which originates as water from the Virgin River downstream of Dixie Hot Springs, would have a lower dissolved-solids concentration. Dissolved-solids concentrations in excess irrigation water draining from the agricultural fields are about 1,700 mg/L higher than the concentrations in the Virgin River water that is currently (2014) used for irrigation that contains inflow from Dixie Hot Springs; this increase results from evaporative concentration and dissolution of mineral salts in the irrigated agricultural fields. The water samples collected from drains downgradient from the irrigated areas are assumed to include the dissolution of all available minerals precipitated in the soil during the previous irrigation season. Based on this assumption, a change to more dilute irrigation water will not dissolve additional minerals and increase the dissolved-solids load in the drain discharge. Following the hypothetical reduction of salts from Dixie Hot Springs, which would result in more dilute Virgin River irrigation water than is currently used, the dissolution of minerals left in the soil from the previous irrigation season would result in a net increase in dissolved-solids concentrations in the drain discharge, but this increase should only last one irrigation season. After one (or several) seasons of irrigating with more dilute irrigation water, mineral precipitation and subsequent re-dissolution beneath the agricultural fields should be greatly reduced, leading to a reduction in dissolved-solids load to the Virgin River below the agricultural drains.
\n
\nA mass-balance model was used to predict changes in the dissolved-solids load in the Virgin River if the salt discharging from Dixie Hot Springs were reduced or removed. Assuming that 33.4 or 26.7 ft3/s of water seeps from the Virgin River to the groundwater system upstream of the Virgin River Gorge Narrows, the immediate hypothetical reduction in dissolved-solids load in the Virgin River at Littlefield, Arizona is estimated to be 67,700 or 71,500 ton/yr, respectively. The decrease in dissolved-solids load in seepage from the Virgin River to the groundwater system is expected to reduce the load discharging from Littlefield Springs in approximately 26 years, the estimated time lag between seepage from the river and discharge of the seepage water, after subsurface transport, from Littlefield Springs. At that time, the entire reduction in dissolved solids seeping from the Virgin River is expected to be realized as a reduction in dissolved solids discharging from Littlefield Springs, resulting in an additional reduction of 24,700 ton/yr (based on 33.4 ft3/s of seepage loss) or 21,000 ton/yr (based on 26.7 ft3/s of seepage loss) in the river’s dissolved-solids load at Littlefield.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145093","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation and the Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Forum","usgsCitation":"Gerner, S.J., and Thiros, S.A., 2014, Hydrosalinity studies of the Virgin River, Dixie Hot Springs, and Littlefield Springs, Utah, Arizona, and Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5093, vi, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145093.","productDescription":"vi, 47 p.","numberOfPages":"58","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-039473","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292727,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145093.jpg"},{"id":292726,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5093/pdf/sir2014-5093.pdf"},{"id":292722,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5093/"}],"projection":"U.S.A. Contiguous Albers Equal Area Conic projection","datum":"North American Datum 1983","country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Nevada, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Dixie Hot Springs, Littlefield Springs, Virgin River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.333333,36.5 ], [ -114.333333,37.5 ], [ -112.916667,37.5 ], [ -112.916667,36.5 ], [ -114.333333,36.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f6f9b7e4b05ec1f24290d9","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Gerner, Steven J. 0000-0002-5701-1304 sjgerner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5701-1304","contributorId":972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerner","given":"Steven","email":"sjgerner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509846,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thiros, Susan A. 0000-0002-8544-553X sthiros@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8544-553X","contributorId":965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thiros","given":"Susan","email":"sthiros@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509845,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Gerner, Steven J. 0000-0002-5701-1304 sjgerner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5701-1304","contributorId":972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerner","given":"Steven","email":"sjgerner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thiros, Susan A. 0000-0002-8544-553X sthiros@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8544-553X","contributorId":965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thiros","given":"Susan","email":"sthiros@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70134825,"text":"70134825 - 2014 - Book review: Spatial capture-recapture","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-22T15:15:26","indexId":"70134825","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Book review: Spatial capture-recapture","docAbstract":"Understanding how animals use space is a vital aspect of conservation planning and wildlife management. Technological developments (e.g., increased computer power and desktop geographic information system [GIS] applications) are bringing the ability to analyze spatial data sets to the individual biologist. Therefore, it is not surprising that methodologies have been developed to incorporate space into capture-recapture models, which are some of the most fundamental models in the field of wildlife ecology. Spatial Capture-Recapture (hereafter SCR) is a timely and informative contribution that summarizes the history and motivation behind SCR models, in addition to providing details of the methodological framework that allows the reader to develop and customize SCR models to address their own ecological questions.
\nReview info: Spatial Capture-Recapture. By J. Andrew Royle, Richard B. Chandler, Rahel Sollmann, and Beth Gardner, 2014. ISBN: 978-0124059399, 577 pp.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.762","usgsCitation":"Russell, R.E., 2014, Book review: Spatial capture-recapture: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 78, no. 7, p. 1319-1320, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.762.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"1319","endPage":"1320","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057168","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296461,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"78","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5482e542e4b0aa6d77852ff9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Russell, Robin E. 0000-0001-8726-7303 rerussell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8726-7303","contributorId":3998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Russell","given":"Robin","email":"rerussell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70112479,"text":"sir20145114 - 2014 - Assessment of ethylene dibromide, dibromochloropropane, other volatile organic compounds, radium isotopes, radon, and inorganic compounds in groundwater and spring water from the Crouch Branch and McQueen Branch aquifers near McBee, South Carolina, 2010-2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T13:12:55","indexId":"sir20145114","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-20T11:31:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5114","title":"Assessment of ethylene dibromide, dibromochloropropane, other volatile organic compounds, radium isotopes, radon, and inorganic compounds in groundwater and spring water from the Crouch Branch and McQueen Branch aquifers near McBee, South Carolina, 2010-2012","docAbstract":"Public-supply wells near the rural town of McBee, in southwestern Chesterfield County, South Carolina, have provided potable water to more than 35,000 residents throughout Chesterfield County since the early 1990s. Groundwater samples collected between 2002 and 2008 in the McBee area by South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control (DHEC) officials indicated that groundwater from two public-supply wells was characterized by the anthropogenic compounds ethylene dibromide (EDB) and dibromochloropropane (DBCP) at concentrations that exceeded their respective maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWR). Groundwater samples from all public-supply wells in the McBee area were characterized by the naturally occurring isotopes of radium-226 and radium-228 at concentrations that approached, and in one well exceeded, the MCL for the combined isotopes. The local water utility installed granulated activated carbon filtration units at the two EDB- and DBCP-contaminated wells and has, since 2011, shut down these two wells. Groundwater pumped by the remaining public-supply wells is currently (2014) centrally treated at a water-filtration plant.
\n
\nTo assess the occurrence, distribution, and potential sources of the anthropogenic and naturally occurring compounds detected in groundwater in the McBee area, samples of groundwater and spring water were collected from public-supply, domestic-supply, agricultural-supply, and monitoring wells and springs, respectively, between 2010 and 2012 by the U.S. Geological Survey. The water samples were analyzed for concentrations of EDB, DBCP, other volatile organic compounds (VOCs), radium-226 and radium-228, radon, and inorganic compounds. All wells sampled were screened in the shallow Crouch Branch aquifer, the deeper McQueen Branch aquifer, or, for most public-supply wells, both aquifers. In areas where no wells existed or wells could not be installed, passive samplers that adsorb EDB, DBCP, and various VOCs, were installed in the shallow subsurface. A representative groundwater flow pathway to each public supply well and selected other wells was determined by using a calibrated three-dimensional groundwater-flow model of the Atlantic Coastal Plain in Chesterfield County and particle-tracking analysis. The aerial extent of the groundwater flow pathway to public-supply wells was mapped by using chlorofluorocarbon-concentration based, apparent-age dates of the groundwater.
\n
\nThe water-quality data collected between 2010 and 2012, in conjunction with groundwater flow pathways and historical aerial photographs of land uses near McBee, indicate an area where EDB-, DBCP-, 1,2-dichloropropane-, 1,3-dichloropropane-, and carbon disulfide-contaminated groundwater exists in the Crouch Branch aquifer in the Cedar Creek Basin and north of McBee and is most likely related to the past use of these compounds between the early 1900s and the 1980s as soil fumigants in predominately agricultural areas north of McBee. The highest EDB concentration detected (18.6 micrograms per liter) during the 3-year study was in a groundwater sample from an agricultural-supply well located north of McBee. Other VOCs, such as dichloromethane and 1,1,2-trichloroethane, also were detected in groundwater samples from this EDB-contaminated agricultural-supply well but are from unknown source(s). The fact that the agricultural area north of McBee is located in a recharge area for the Crouch Branch aquifer most likely facilitated the groundwater contamination in this area. DBCP-contaminated groundwater detected in three public-supply wells south of McBee in the deeper McQueen Branch aquifer appears to be related to past soil fumigation practices that used DBCP in agricultural areas located south of McBee. One of the three DBCP-contaminated public-supply wells also contained EDB, most likely present in groundwater due to the release of leaded gasolines that contained EDB as a fuel additive between the 1940s and 1970s. A gasoline-source of EDB, rather than a soil-fumigation source, is supported by the co-detection in groundwater from the well of 1,2-dichloroethane, a lead scavenger compound also added to leaded gasoline. Groundwater pumped from two public-supply wells located within and to the east of the McBee town limits and one domestic-supply well east of McBee was characterized by the detection of 1,1-dichloroethane, trichloroethylene, 1,1-dichloroethylene, and perchloroethylene. Groundwater flow pathways determined for these wells indicate that the potential source(s) of these compounds detected in one public-supply well and the domestic-supply well may be located within the McBee town limits, and that the potential source(s) of these compounds detected in the public-supply well to the east of McBee may be located in an area north of McBee formerly used for agriculture, but used for industry since at least the 1970s. Radium isotopes (defined in this study as the sum of radium-226 and radium-228 concentrations) and radon were detected in all wells sampled in the McBee area between 2010 and 2012. Wells characterized by radium isotope concentrations in groundwater that exceeded the MCL of 5.0 picocuries per liter were also characterized by specific conductance values greater than 30 microsiemens per centimeter and clustered north of McBee in a predominately agricultural area, and in agricultural and urban areas located within and east of McBee. The elevated specific conductance values measured in groundwater from these wells most likely are due to recharge by water mineralized by fertilizer application in agricultural areas, or due to the recharge by water mineralized by septic-tank drain-field effluent near urban areas. Radon was detected in groundwater from all wells sampled, and radon concentrations in groundwater from three monitoring wells exceeded the proposed MCL of 300 picocuries per liter. Concentrations of uranium in groundwater in the McBee area increased with increased groundwater-sample depth, most likely due to the proximity of the sample-collection location to basement rock that contains uranium-bearing minerals.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145114","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Landmeyer, J., and Campbell, B.G., 2014, Assessment of ethylene dibromide, dibromochloropropane, other volatile organic compounds, radium isotopes, radon, and inorganic compounds in groundwater and spring water from the Crouch Branch and McQueen Branch aquifers near McBee, South Carolina, 2010-2012 (Version 1: Originally posted August 20, 2014; Version 1.1: April 30, 2015): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5114, xi, 94 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145114.","productDescription":"xi, 94 p.","numberOfPages":"110","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2010-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-053032","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299995,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145114.jpg"},{"id":292624,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5114/"},{"id":292625,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5114/pdf/sir2014-5114.pdf","text":"Report","size":"12.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"scale":"100000","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","city":"Mcbee","otherGeospatial":"Crouch Branch Aquifer, Mcqueen Branch Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80.6,34.333333 ], [ -80.6,34.833333 ], [ -79.9,34.833333 ], [ -79.9,34.333333 ], [ -80.6,34.333333 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1: Originally posted August 20, 2014; Version 1.1: April 30, 2015","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f5a82ee4b09d12e0e8511e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landmeyer, James 0000-0002-5640-3816 jlandmey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5640-3816","contributorId":3257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landmeyer","given":"James","email":"jlandmey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, Bruce G. 0000-0003-4800-6674 bcampbel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4800-6674","contributorId":995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Bruce","email":"bcampbel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70120126,"text":"fs20143058 - 2014 - The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T15:28:20","indexId":"fs20143058","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-20T09:33:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3058","title":"The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Georgia","docAbstract":"Elevation data are essential to a broad range of applications, including forest resources management, wildlife and habitat management, national security, recreation, and many others. For the State of Georgia, elevation data are critical for infrastructure and construction management, natural resources conservation, flood risk management, agriculture and precision farming, forest resources management, water supply and quality, and other business uses. Today, high-density light detection and ranging (lidar) data are the primary sources for deriving elevation models and other datasets. Federal, State, Tribal, and local agencies work in partnership to (1) replace data that are older and of lower quality and (2) provide coverage where publicly accessible data do not exist. A joint goal of State and Federal partners is to acquire consistent, statewide coverage to support existing and emerging applications enabled by lidar data.
\nThe National Enhanced Elevation Assessment evaluated multiple elevation data acquisition options to determine the optimal data quality and data replacement cycle relative to cost to meet the identified requirements of the user community. The evaluation demonstrated that lidar acquisition at quality level 2 for the conterminous United States and quality level 5 interferometric synthetic aperture radar (ifsar) data for Alaska with a 6- to 10-year acquisition cycle provided the highest benefit/cost ratios.The 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) initiative selected an 8-year acquisition cycle for the respective quality levels. 3DEP, managed by the U.S. Geological Survey, the Office of Management and Budget Circular A–16 lead agency for terrestrial elevation data, responds to the growing need for high-quality topographic data and a wide range of other 3D representations of the Nation’s natural and constructed features.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143058","issn":"2327–6932","usgsCitation":"Carswell, W., 2014, The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014-3058, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143058.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055939","costCenters":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292602,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20143058.jpg"},{"id":292600,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3058/"},{"id":292601,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3058/pdf/fs2014-3058.pdf","text":"Report","size":"287 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f5a82fe4b09d12e0e85129","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carswell, William J. Jr. carswell@usgs.gov","contributorId":1787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carswell","given":"William J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"carswell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":497937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70116618,"text":"sir20145102 - 2014 - Hydrogeology and hydrology of the Punta Cabullones wetland area, Ponce, southern Puerto Rico, 2007-08","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-20T09:45:38","indexId":"sir20145102","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-20T09:32:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5102","title":"Hydrogeology and hydrology of the Punta Cabullones wetland area, Ponce, southern Puerto Rico, 2007-08","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Municipio Autónomo de Ponce and the Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources, conducted a study of the hydrogeology and hydrology of the Punta Cabullones area in Ponce, southern Puerto Rico. (Punta Cabullones is also referred to as Punta Cabullón.) The Punta Cabullones area is about 9 square miles and is an ecological system made up of a wetland, tidal flats, saltflats, mangrove forests, and a small fringing reef located a short distance offshore. The swales or depressions between successive beach ridges became development avenues for saline to hypersaline wetlands. The Punta Cabullones area was designated by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service as a coastal barrier in the 1980s because of its capacity to act as a buffer zone to ameliorate the impacts of natural phenomenon such as storm surges. Since 2003, Punta Cabullones has been set aside for preservation as part of the mitigation effort mandated by Federal and State laws to compensate for the potential environmental effects that might be caused by the construction of the Las Américas Transshipment Port.
\n
\nTotal rainfall measured during 2008 within the Punta Cabullones area was 36 inches, which is slightly greater than the long-term annual average of 32 inches for the coastal plain near Ponce. Two evapotranspiration estimates, 29 and 37 inches, were obtained for the subarea of the Punta Cabullones area that is underlain by fan-delta and alluvial deposits by using two variants of the Penman semi-empirical equation.
\n
\nThe long-term water stage and chemical character of the wetland in Punta Cabullones are highly dependent on the seasonal and annual variations of both rainfall and sea-wave activity. Also, unseasonal short-term above-normal rainfall and sea-wave events resulting from passing storms may induce substantial changes in the water stage and the chemical character of the wetland. In general, tidal fluctuations exert a minor role in modifying the water quality and stage of the wetland in Punta Cabullones. The role of the tidal fluctuations becomes important during those times when the outlets/inlets to the sea are not blocked by a sand bar and is allowed to freely flow into the wetland interior. The salinity of the wetland varies from brackish to hypersaline. The hypersaline conditions, including the occurrence of saltflats, within the Punta Cabullones wetland area result from a high evapotranspiration rate. The hypersaline conditions are further enhanced by a sand bar that blocks the inlet/outlet of the wetland’s easternmost channel, particularly during the dry season.
\n
\nGroundwater in Punta Cabullones mostly is present within beds of silisiclastic sand and gravel. During the study period, the depth to groundwater did not exceed 4 feet below land surface. The movement and direction of the groundwater flow in Punta Cabullones are driven by density variations that in turn result from the wide range of salinities in the groundwater. The salinity of the groundwater decreases within the first 60 to 100 feet of depth and decreases outward from a mound of hypersaline groundwater centered on piezometer nest PN2. The main groundwater types within the Punta Cabullones area vary from calcium-bicarbonate type in the northernmost part of the study area to a predominantly sodium-potassium-chloride groundwater type southward. According to stable-isotope data, groundwater within the study area is both modern meteoric water and seawater highly affected by evaporation. The chemical and stable-isotopic character of local groundwater is highly influenced by evapotranspiration because of its shallow depth.
\n
\nEquivalent freshwater heads indicate groundwater moves away from a mound centered on piezometer nest PN2, in a pattern similar to the spatial distribution of groundwater salinity. Vertical groundwater flow occurs in Punta Cabullones due to local differences in density. In the wetland subarea of Punta Cabullones, groundwater and surface water are hydraulically coupled. Locally, surface-hypersaline water sinks into the aquifer, providing recharge and serving as a mechanism to redistribute salt throughout the study area. The evapotranspiration in the wetland subarea is estimated at about 11 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) that is equivalent to about 12,586 acre-feet per year. The balance of evapotranspiration, in excess of the about 0.5 Mgal/d of groundwater flow within the wetland, is supplied by saline to hypersaline surface water that may include seawater and meteoric water highly affected by evaporation with dissolved salts. In one of the extreme scenarios in which no groundwater is intercepted by pumpage at the Restaurada well field, the amount of saline to hypersaline water in the wetland consumed by evapotranspiration is about 10.5 Mgal/d. In the opposite extreme in which the entire regional groundwater flow is intercepted by pumpage in the Restaurada well field, the entire evapotranpiration requirement is met by saline to hypersaline water. Hydrologic, isotopic, and chemical data indicate that all of, or a large portion of, the historical groundwater flow to Punta Cabullones is being captured by the Puerto Rico Aqueducts and Sewer Authority pumpage at the Restaurada well field at a rate of about 2 Mgal/d. As a consequence, seawater intrusion into the aquifer at the Punta Cabullones area seems to be occurring, while the current pumpage at the Restaurada well field is sustained by storage depletion of the aquifer.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145102","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Municipio Autónomo de Ponce and the Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources","usgsCitation":"Rodríguez-Martínez, J., and Soler-Lopez, L.R., 2014, Hydrogeology and hydrology of the Punta Cabullones wetland area, Ponce, southern Puerto Rico, 2007-08: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5102, ix, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145102.","productDescription":"ix, 58 p.","numberOfPages":"72","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-013823","costCenters":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292605,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145102.jpg"},{"id":292604,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5102/pdf/sir2014-5102.pdf"},{"id":292603,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5102/"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Lambert conformal conic projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1927","country":"United States","state":"Puerto Rico","city":"Ponce","otherGeospatial":"Punta Cabullones Wetland Area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -66.616667,17.958333 ], [ -66.616667,18.008333 ], [ -66.575,18.008333 ], [ -66.575,17.958333 ], [ -66.616667,17.958333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f5a82fe4b09d12e0e85124","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodríguez-Martínez, Jesús","contributorId":48149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodríguez-Martínez","given":"Jesús","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Soler-Lopez, Luis R.","contributorId":27501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soler-Lopez","given":"Luis","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70115460,"text":"sir20145127 - 2014 - Numerical simulation of groundwater flow in the Columbia Plateau Regional Aquifer System, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-13T14:34:37.078527","indexId":"sir20145127","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-20T08:29:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5127","title":"Numerical simulation of groundwater flow in the Columbia Plateau Regional Aquifer System, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington","docAbstract":"A three-dimensional numerical model of groundwater flow was constructed for the Columbia Plateau Regional Aquifer System (CPRAS), Idaho, Oregon, and Washington, to evaluate and test the conceptual model of the system and to evaluate groundwater availability. The model described in this report can be used as a tool by water-resource managers and other stakeholders to quantitatively evaluate proposed alternative management strategies and assess the long‑term availability of groundwater. The numerical simulation of groundwater flow in the CPRAS was completed with support from the Groundwater Resources Program of the U.S. Geological Survey Office of Groundwater.
\nThe model was constructed using the U.S. Geological Survey modular three-dimensional finite-difference groundwater-flow model, MODFLOW-NWT. The model uses 3-kilometer (9,842.5 feet) grid cells that subdivide the model domain by 126 rows and 131 columns. Vertically, the model domain was subdivided into six geologic model units. From youngest to oldest, the units are the Overburden, the Saddle Mountains Basalt, the Mabton Interbed, the Wanapum Basalt, the Vantage Interbed, and the Grande Ronde Basalt.
\nNatural recharge was estimated using gridded historical estimates of annual precipitation for the period 1895–2007. Pre-development recharge was estimated to be the average natural recharge for this period. Irrigation recharge and irrigation pumping were estimated using a remote-sensing based soil-water balance model for the period 1985–2007. Pre-1985 irrigation recharge and pumping were estimated using previously published compilation maps and the history of large-scale irrigation projects. Pumping estimates for municipal, industrial, rural, residential, and all other uses were estimated using reported values and census data. Pumping was assumed to be negligible prior to 1920.
\nTwo models were constructed to simulate groundwater flow in the CPRAS: a steady-state predevelopment model representing conditions before large-scale pumping and irrigation altered the system, and a transient model representing the period 1900–2007. Automated parameter-estimation techniques (steady-state predevelopment model) and traditional trial-and-error (transient model) methods were used for calibration. To calibrate the steady-state and transient models, 10,525 and 46,460 water level measurements, respectively, and 50 base-flow estimates were used.
\nThe steady-state model simulated the shape, slope, and trends of a potentiometric surface that was generally consistent with mapped water levels. For the transient model, the mean and median difference between simulated and measured hydraulic heads is -10 and 4 ft, respectively, with a standard deviation of 164 ft over a 5,648 ft range of measured heads. The residuals for the simulation period show that 52 percent of the simulated heads exceeded measured heads with a median residual value of 43 ft, and 48 percent were less than measured heads with a median residual value of -76 ft.
\nThe CPRAS model was constructed to derive components of the groundwater budget and help understand the interactions of stresses, such as recharge, groundwater pumping, and commingling wells on the groundwater and surface-water system. Through these applications, the model can be used to identify trends in groundwater storage and use, and quantify groundwater availability. The annual groundwater budgets showed several patterns of change over the simulation period. Groundwater pumping was negligible until the 1950s and began to increase significantly during the 1970s and 1980s. Recharge was highly variable due to the interannual variability of precipitation, but began to increase in the late 1940s due to the increase in surface-water irrigation projects. Groundwater contributions to streamflow (base flow) followed recharge closely. However, in areas of significant groundwater-level decline, base flow is reduced.
\nGroundwater pumping had the greatest effect on water levels, followed by irrigation enhanced recharge. Commingling was a larger factor in structurally complex upland areas where hydraulic-head gradients are naturally high.
\nGroundwater pumping has increased substantially over the past 40–50 years; this increase resulted in declining water levels at depth and decreased base flows over much of the study area. The effects of pumping are mitigated somewhat by the increase of surface-water irrigation, especially in the shallow Overburden unit, and commingling wells in some areas. During dry to average years, groundwater pumping causes a net loss of groundwater in storage and current condition (2000–2007) groundwater pumping exceeds recharge in all but the wettest of years.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145127","usgsCitation":"Ely, D.M., Burns, E., Morgan, D.S., and Vaccaro, J.J., 2014, Numerical simulation of groundwater flow in the Columbia Plateau Regional Aquifer System, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington (Originally posted August 19, 2014; Version 1.1: January 15, 2015): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5127, Report: viii, 89 p.; Data Release, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145127.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 89 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"102","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055329","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438746,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9Q53DOD","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Wells and water levels used in the Columbia Plateau Regional Aquifer System Study, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington"},{"id":292594,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145127.jpg"},{"id":292589,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5127/"},{"id":292593,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5127/pdf/sir2014-5127.pdf","text":"Report","size":"17.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":415709,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7N015G7","text":"Data Release: MODFLOW-NWT model used to evaluate the groundwater availability of the Columbia Plateau Regional Aquifer System, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Columbia Plateau Regional Aquifer System","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.25,44.5 ], [ -122.25,48.5 ], [ -115.25,48.5 ], [ -115.25,44.5 ], [ -122.25,44.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Originally posted August 19, 2014; Version 1.1: January 15, 2015","publicComments":"Groundwater Resources Program","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f5a82fe4b09d12e0e85126","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ely, D. Matthew","contributorId":100052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ely","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Matthew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burns, Erick R. 0000-0002-1747-0506","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1747-0506","contributorId":84802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Erick R.","affiliations":[{"id":310,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy and Geophysics Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":495630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morgan, David S.","contributorId":73181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vaccaro, John J. jvaccaro@usgs.gov","contributorId":5848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaccaro","given":"John","email":"jvaccaro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70117081,"text":"pp1806 - 2014 - Two hundred years of magma transport and storage at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i, 1790-2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-15T10:34:25","indexId":"pp1806","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-19T08:22:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1806","title":"Two hundred years of magma transport and storage at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i, 1790-2008","docAbstract":"This publication summarizes the evolution of the internal plumbing of Kīlauea Volcano on the Island of Hawaiʻi from the first documented eruption in 1790 to the explosive eruption of March 2008 in Halemaʻumaʻu Crater. For the period before the founding of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory in 1912, we rely on written observations of eruptive activity, earthquake swarms, and periodic draining of magma from the lava lake present in Kīlauea Caldera. After 1912 the written observations are supplemented by continuous measurement of tilting of the ground at Kīlauea’s summit and by a continuous instrumental record of earthquakes, both measurements made during 1912–56 by a single pendulum seismometer housed on the northeast edge of Kīlauea’s summit. Interpretations become more robust following the installation of seismic and deformation networks in the 1960s. A major advance in the 1990s was the ability to continuously record and telemeter ground deformation to allow its precise correlation with seismic activity before and after eruptions, intrusions, and large earthquakes.
We interpret specific events in Kīlauea’s 200- year written history as steps in a broad transition from summit lava-lake activity in Kīlauea Caldera to shield building on the east rift zone. The ability of the magmatic plumbing to deliver magma to eruption is critical to the history of eruption and intrusion. When the rate of magma supply equals the rate of eruption, there is little ground deformation or intrusion. When the magma supply rate is greater than the rate of eruption, then the edifice responds through any or all of summit inflation, intrusion, increased spreading rate, and large flank earthquakes.
In Kīlauea’s 200-year history we identify three regions of the volcano in which magma is stored and supplied from below. Source 1 is at 1-km depth or less beneath Kīlauea’s summit and fed Kīlauea’s summit lava lakes throughout most of the 19th century and again from 1907 to 1924. Source 1 was used up in the series of small Halemaʻumaʻu eruptions following the end of lava-lake activity in the summit collapse of 1924. Source 2 is the magma reservoir at a depth of 2–6 km beneath Kīlauea’s summit that has been imaged by seismic and deformation measurements beginning in the 1960s. This source was first identified in the summit collapses of 1922 and 1924. Source 3 is a diffuse volume of magma-permeated rock between 5 and 11 km depth beneath the east rift zone and above the near-horizontal decollement at the base of the Kīlauea edifice.
Magma distribution within source 2 has been derived by combining petrologic study of the three chemically uniform summit eruptions of 1952, 1961, and 1967–68 and the east rift eruptions within this interval with both observation of migrating centers of inflation determined from leveling surveys conducted before the 1967–68 eruption and with published models of expected deformation from different source geometries. We adopt a model of concatenated magmatic plugs with nodes beneath the inflation centers. Addition of erupted and intruded volumes of the three summit magma batches yields a liquid magma volume of about 0.2 km3, with dimensions of ~1 km by 1 km by 200 m centered at about 3-km depth within source 2. Following the Halemaʻumaʻu eruption of 1967–68, the chemistry of magma coming into Kīlauea’s summit reservoir has changed frequently, and during the eruption that began in 1983, chemical changes have been subtle and continuous. In this period we interpret changes in chemistry as related to an increase in magma supply resulting from increased partial melting in an expanding mantle source volume.
We know from instrumental recording of eruptions since the long Halemaʻumaʻu eruption in 1952 that stress in the edifice accumulates as magma is added underground and is relieved by eruption and by dilation of the rift zones associated with seaward movement (spreading) of Kīlauea’s south flank. During and after the last half of the 20th century, magma transfer to the rift zone has dominantly occurred from source 2. High rates of flank motion have been correlated with high rates of endogenous growth; alternatively, lower rates of motion have characterized periods when the underground magmatic plumbing was being refilled following lateral removal of magma, as well as periods when a more open magmatic plumbing favored continuous eruption.
Since at least 1952, source 3 has not drained during deflations, which was apparently not the case before 1924. Triangulation and leveling conducted in 1912, 1921, and 1926, combined with post-1912 tilt measurements, identified a broad regional uplift in 1918–19 and an equally broad collapse in 1924, neither of which has been seen since. We associate these elevation changes with addition or subtraction of magma from all three magma sources, dominantly source 3. We interpret the intrusion beneath the east rift zone during the 1924 collapse to have stabilized the rift zone-south flank relationship, preventing loss of magma from source 3 in subsequent collapses. Rates of seaward spreading were low until 1952, when earthquakes in 1950 and 1951 associated with surges of magma from the hotspot triggered a large offshore south flank earthquake swarm that unlocked the south flank and enabled a greatly increased rate of seaward spreading.
Magma supply rates have been derived for the entire period of study. Between 1823 and 1840, magma was supplied from source 1 at a very high rate of more than 0.2 km3/yr, which we interpret as recovery from a substantial draining of magma from beneath Kīlauea in 1790. Inferred magma supply rates diminished to one-tenth of that value after 1840, in part because of increase in the activity of Mauna Loa beginning in 1843. Magma supply rates between 1918 and 1924 were about 0.024 km3/yr, matching that of the period from 1840 to 1894. During 1950–52 the magma supply rate increased to about 0.06 km3/yr, in part because of the great reduction in Mauna Loa activity following its large eruption in June 1950. Following the summit eruption of 1967–68, magma supply increased further to ~0.1 km3/yr, and further increases to more than 0.2 km3/yr occurred during the east rift eruption that began in 1983.
Eruption at Kīlauea’s summit took place in 1952, and eruptive activity steadily increased as increased magma supply also drove increased spreading rates. The inability of magma supply to be accommodated by a combination of eruption and spreading during the 1969–74 Mauna Ulu period stressed Kīlauea’s south flank. The stress was relieved in part by the M7.2 earthquake of 29 November 1975. That earthquake, in turn, dilated Kīlauea’s east rift zone as the south flank moved seaward, producing a favorable condition for continuous east rift eruption, which began in 1983. The 1975 earthquake also resulted in the ability of the south flank to move independently under the influence of gravity, effectively decoupling the spreading rate from changes in the magma supply rate. The continuing increase in magma supply after 1983 was instead manifested in rift dilation, increased intrusion, and ultimately in the launching of a second eruption in Halemaʻumaʻu in March 2008, the first instance in Kīlauea’s recorded history of simultaneous eruption at the summit and on the east rift zone.
Kīlauea’s history can be considered in cycles of equilibrium, crisis, and recovery. The approach of a crisis is driven by a magma supply rate that greatly exceeds the capacity of the plumbing to deliver magma to the surface. Crises can be anticipated by inflation measured at Kīlauea’s summit coupled with an increase in overall seismicity, particularly manifest by intrusion and eruption in the southwest sector of the volcano. Unfortunately the nature of the crisis—for example, large earthquake, new eruption, or edifice-changing intrusion—cannot be specified ahead of time. We conclude that Kīlauea’s cycles are controlled by nonlinear dynamics, which underscores the difficulty in predicting eruptions and earthquakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1806","usgsCitation":"Wright, T., and Klein, F.W., 2014, Two hundred years of magma transport and storage at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i, 1790-2008: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1806, Report: xiii, 240 p.; Appendixes B-I; Chapters: Contents and Abstract, Chapters 1-8, References; Appendixes: Appendixes Readme, Appendixes A-I, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1806.","productDescription":"Report: xiii, 240 p.; Appendixes B-I; Chapters: Contents and Abstract, Chapters 1-8, References; Appendixes: Appendixes Readme, Appendixes A-I","numberOfPages":"258","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1789-12-21","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-035005","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science 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,{"id":70170793,"text":"70170793 - 2014 - Magma mixing and high fountaining during the 1959 Kīlauea Iki eruption, Hawai‘i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-03T18:32:05","indexId":"70170793","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-15T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Magma mixing and high fountaining during the 1959 Kīlauea Iki eruption, Hawai‘i","docAbstract":"The 1959 Kīlauea Iki eruption provides a unique opportunity to investigate the process of shallow magma mixing, its impact on the magmatic volatile budget and its role in triggering and driving episodes of Hawaiian fountaining. Melt inclusions hosted by olivine record a continuous decrease in H2O concentration through the 17 episodes of the eruption, while CO2 concentrations correlate with the degree of post-entrapment crystallization of olivine on the inclusion walls. Geochemical data, when combined with the magma budget and with contemporaneous eruption observations, show complex mixing between episodes involving hot, geochemically heterogeneous melts from depth, likely carrying exsolved vapor, and melts which had erupted at the surface, degassed and drained-back into the vent. The drained-back melts acted as a coolant, inducing rapid cooling of the more primitive melts and their olivines at shallow depths and inducing crystallization and vesiculation and triggering renewed fountaining. A consequence of the mixing is that the melts became vapor-undersaturated, so equilibration pressures cannot be inferred from them using saturation models. After the melt inclusions were trapped, continued growth of vapor bubbles, caused by enhanced post-entrapment crystallization, sequestered a large fraction of CO2 from the melt within the inclusions. This study, while cautioning against accepting melt inclusion CO2 concentrations “as measured” in mixed magmas, also illustrates that careful analysis and interpretation of post-entrapment modifications can turn this apparent challenge into a way to yield novel useful insights into the geochemical controls on eruption intensity.
","language":"English","publisher":"North-Holland Pub. Co.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2014.05.024","usgsCitation":"Sides, I., Edmonds, M., Maclennan, J., Houghton, B.F., Swanson, D., and Steele-MacInnis, M., 2014, Magma mixing and high fountaining during the 1959 Kīlauea Iki eruption, Hawai‘i: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 400, p. 102-112, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2014.05.024.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"102","endPage":"112","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-075448","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472818,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/245366","text":"External Repository"},{"id":320881,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"400","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5729cbb7e4b0b13d3919a3ae","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2014.05.024","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2014.05.024","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Sides I., Edmonds M., Maclennan J., Houghton B.F., Swanson D.A., Steele-MacInnis M.J.","journalName":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","publicationDate":"8/2014","auditedOn":"9/8/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sides, I.","contributorId":169091,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sides","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25415,"text":"Cambridge University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":628418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edmonds, M.","contributorId":43547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edmonds","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maclennan, J.","contributorId":169092,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maclennan","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25415,"text":"Cambridge University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":628420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Houghton, Bruce F. 0000-0002-7532-9770","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7532-9770","contributorId":140077,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Houghton","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":13351,"text":"University of Hawaii Cooperative Studies Unit","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":6977,"text":"University of Hawai`i at Hilo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":628421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Swanson, Don 0000-0002-1680-3591 donswan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1680-3591","contributorId":168817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Don","email":"donswan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Steele-MacInnis, M.J.","contributorId":169094,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Steele-MacInnis","given":"M.J.","affiliations":[{"id":12483,"text":"ETH Zurich","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":628422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70120125,"text":"fs20143057 - 2014 - The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T15:29:41","indexId":"fs20143057","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-15T09:31:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3057","title":"The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Mississippi","docAbstract":"Elevation data are essential to a broad range of applications, including forest resources management, wildlife and habitat management, national security, recreation, and many others. For the State of Mississippi, elevation data are critical for infrastructure and construction management, flood risk management, agriculture and precision farming, natural resources conservation, forest resources management, water supply and quality, and other business uses. Today, high-density light detection and ranging (lidar) data are the primary sources for deriving elevation models and other datasets. Federal, State, Tribal, and local agencies work in partnership to (1) replace data that are older and of lower quality and (2) provide coverage where publicly accessible data do not exist. A joint goal of State and Federal partners is to acquire consistent, statewide coverage to support existing and emerging applications enabled by lidar data.
\nThe National Enhanced Elevation Assessment evaluated multiple elevation data acquisition options to determine the optimal data quality and data replacement cycle relative to cost to meet the identified requirements of the user community. The evaluation demonstrated that lidar acquisition at quality level 2 for the conterminous United States and quality level 5 interferometric synthetic aperture radar (ifsar) data for Alaska with a 6- to 10-year acquisition cycle provided the highest benefit/cost ratios.The 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) initiative selected an 8-year acquisition cycle for the respective quality levels. 3DEP, managed by the U.S. Geological Survey, the Office of Management and Budget Circular A–16 lead agency for terrestrial elevation data, responds to the growing need for high-quality topographic data and a wide range of other 3D representations of the Nation’s natural and constructed features.
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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ef10aee4b0bfa1f9935148","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carswell, William J. Jr. carswell@usgs.gov","contributorId":1787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carswell","given":"William J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"carswell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":497936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70119267,"text":"70119267 - 2014 - Tracking geomorphic signatures of watershed suburbanization with multi-temporal LiDAR","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-15T08:48:57","indexId":"70119267","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-15T09:06:02","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tracking geomorphic signatures of watershed suburbanization with multi-temporal LiDAR","docAbstract":"Urban development practices redistribute surface materials through filling, grading, and terracing, causing drastic changes to the geomorphic organization of the landscape. Many studies document the hydrologic, biologic, or geomorphic consequences of urbanization using space-for-time comparisons of disparate urban and rural landscapes. However, no previous studies have documented geomorphic changes from development using multiple dates of high-resolution topographic data at the watershed scale. This study utilized a time series of five sequential light detection and ranging (LiDAR) derived digital elevation models (DEMs) to track watershed geomorphic changes within two watersheds throughout development (2002–2008) and across multiple spatial scales (0.01–1 km2). Development-induced changes were compared against an undeveloped forested watershed during the same time period. Changes in elevations, slopes, hypsometry, and surface flow pathways were tracked throughout the development process to assess watershed geomorphic alterations. Results suggest that development produced an increase in sharp topographic breaks between relatively flat surfaces and steep slopes, replacing smoothly varying hillslopes and leading to greater variation in slopes. Examinations of flowpath distributions highlight systematic modifications that favor rapid convergence in unchanneled upland areas. Evidence of channel additions in the form of engineered surface conduits is apparent in comparisons of pre- and post-development stream maps. These results suggest that topographic modification, in addition to impervious surfaces, contributes to altered hydrologic dynamics observed in urban systems. This work highlights important considerations for the use of repeat LiDAR flights in analyzing watershed change through time. Novel methods introduced here may allow improved understanding and targeted mitigation of the processes driving geomorphic changes during development and help guide future research directions for development-based watershed studies.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geomorphology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.04.038","usgsCitation":"Jones, D.K., Baker, M.E., Miller, A.J., Jarnagin, S., and Hogan, D.M., 2014, Tracking geomorphic signatures of watershed suburbanization with multi-temporal LiDAR: Geomorphology, v. 219, p. 42-52, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.04.038.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"42","endPage":"52","numberOfPages":"11","ipdsId":"IP-051787","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291751,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291737,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.04.038"}],"volume":"219","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ef10aee4b0bfa1f993514b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Daniel K. 0000-0003-0724-8001 dkjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0724-8001","contributorId":4959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Daniel","email":"dkjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":497631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baker, Matthew E.","contributorId":42889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, Andrew J.","contributorId":7559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jarnagin, S. Taylor","contributorId":32816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarnagin","given":"S. Taylor","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hogan, Dianna M. 0000-0003-1492-4514 dhogan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1492-4514","contributorId":2299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hogan","given":"Dianna","email":"dhogan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":497630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70119490,"text":"sir20145150 - 2014 - Hydrologic models and analysis of water availability in Cuyama Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-14T16:06:03","indexId":"sir20145150","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-14T15:54:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5150","title":"Hydrologic models and analysis of water availability in Cuyama Valley, California","docAbstract":"Changes in population, agricultural development practices (including shifts to more water-intensive crops), and climate variability are placing increasingly larger demands on available water resources, particularly groundwater, in the Cuyama Valley, one of the most productive agricultural regions in Santa Barbara County. The goal of this study was to produce a model capable of being accurate at scales relevant to water management decisions that could be considered in the evaluation of the sustainable water supply. The Cuyama Valley Hydrologic Model (CUVHM) was designed to simulate the most important natural and human components of the hydrologic system, including components dependent on variations in climate, thereby providing a reliable assessment of groundwater conditions and processes that can inform water users and help to improve planning for future conditions. Model development included a revision of the conceptual model of the flow system, construction of a precipitation-runoff model using the Basin Characterization Model (BCM), and construction of an integrated hydrologic flow model with MODFLOW-One-Water Hydrologic Flow Model (MF-OWHM). The hydrologic models were calibrated to historical conditions of water and land use and, then, used to assess the use and movement of water throughout the Valley. These tools provide a means to understand the evolution of water use in the Valley, its availability, and the limits of sustainability.
\n
\nThe conceptual model identified inflows and outflows that include the movement and use of water in both natural and anthropogenic systems. The groundwater flow system is characterized by a layered geologic sedimentary sequence that—in combination with the effects of groundwater pumping, natural recharge, and the application of irrigation water at the land surface—displays vertical hydraulic-head gradients. Overall, most of the agricultural demand for water in the Cuyama Valley in the initial part of the growing season is supplied by groundwater, which is augmented by precipitation during wet winter and spring seasons. In addition, the amount of groundwater used for irrigation varies from year to year in response to climate variation and can increase dramatically in dry years. Model simulation results, however, also indicated that irrigation may have been less efficient during wet years. Agricultural pumpage is a major component to simulated outflow that is often poorly recorded. Therefore, an integrated, coupled farm-process model is used to estimate historical pumpage for water-balance subregions that evolved with the development of groundwater in the Valley from 1949 through 2010. The integrated hydrologic model includes these water-balance subregions and delineates natural, municipal, and agricultural land use; streamflow networks; and groundwater flow systems. The redefinition of the geohydrologic framework (including the internal architecture of the sedimentary units) and incorporation of these units into the simulation of the regional groundwater flow system indicated that faults have compartmentalized the alluvial deposits into subregions, which have responded differently to regional groundwater flow, locations of recharge, and the effects of development. The Cuyama Valley comprises nine subregions grouped into three regional zones, the Main, Ventucopa Uplands, and Sierra Madre Foothills, which are fault bounded, represent different proportions of the three alluvial aquifers, and have different water quality.
\n
\nThe CUVHM uses MF-OWHM to simulate and assess the use and movement of water, including the evolution of land use and related water-balance regions. The model is capable of being accurate at annual to interannual time frames and at subregional to valley-wide spatial scales, which allows for analysis of the groundwater hydrologic budget for the water years 1950–2010, as well as potential assessment of the sustainable use of groundwater.
\n
\nSimulated changes in storage over time showed that significant withdrawals from storage generally occurred not only during drought years (1976–77 and 1988–92) but also during the early stages of industrial agriculture, which was initially dominated by alfalfa production. Since the 1990s, agriculture has shifted to more water-intensive crops. Measured and simulated groundwater levels indicated substantial declines in selected subregions, mining of groundwater that is thousands to tens of thousands of years old, increased groundwater storage depletion, and land subsidence. Most of the recharge occurs in the upland regions of Ventucopa and Sierra Madre Foothills, and the largest fractions of pumpage and storage depletion occur in the Main subregion. The long-term imbalance between inflows and outflows resulted in simulated overdraft (groundwater withdrawals in excess of natural recharge) of the groundwater basin over the 61-year period of 1949–2010. Changes in storage varied considerably from year to year, depending on land use, pumpage, and climate conditions. Climatically driven factors can greatly affect inflows, outflows, and water use by more than a factor of two between wet and dry years. Although precipitation during inter-decadal wet years previously replenished the basin, the water use and storage depletion have lessened the effects of these major recharge events. Simulated and measured water-level altitudes indicated the presence of large areas where depressed water levels have resulted in large desaturated zones in the younger and Older Alluvium layers in the Main-zone subregions. The results of modeled projection of the base-case scenario 61 years into the future indicated that current supply-and-demand are unsustainable and will result in additional groundwater-level declines and related storage depletion and land subsidence. The reduced-supply and reduced-demand projections reduced groundwater storage depletion but may not allow for sustainable agriculture under current demands, agricultural practices, and land use.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145150","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Santa Barbara County Department of Public Works Water Agency","usgsCitation":"Hanson, R.T., Flint, L.E., Faunt, C., Gibbs, D.R., and Schmid, W., 2014, Hydrologic models and analysis of water availability in Cuyama Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5150, xii, 150 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145150.","productDescription":"xii, 150 p.","numberOfPages":"166","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-036168","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292234,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145150.jpg"},{"id":292231,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5150/"},{"id":292233,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5150/pdf/sir2014-5150.pdf"}],"projection":"Albers Projection","datum":"North American Datum 1983","country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Cuyama Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.866667,34.633333 ], [ -119.866667,35.05 ], [ -119.166667,35.05 ], [ -119.166667,34.633333 ], [ -119.866667,34.633333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53edbf30e4b0f61b386c8268","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanson, R. T.","contributorId":91148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, Lorraine E. 0000-0002-7868-441X lflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7868-441X","contributorId":1184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Lorraine","email":"lflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":497682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Faunt, Claudia C. 0000-0001-5659-7529 ccfaunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5659-7529","contributorId":1491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faunt","given":"Claudia C.","email":"ccfaunt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":497683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gibbs, Dennis R.","contributorId":21050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibbs","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schmid, Wolfgang","contributorId":84020,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmid","given":"Wolfgang","affiliations":[{"id":13040,"text":"Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":497685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70110601,"text":"sim3299 - 2014 - Flood-inundation maps for the Saddle River in Ho-Ho-Kus Borough, the Village of Ridgewood, and Paramus Borough, New Jersey, 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-14T09:58:55","indexId":"sim3299","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-14T09:46:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3299","title":"Flood-inundation maps for the Saddle River in Ho-Ho-Kus Borough, the Village of Ridgewood, and Paramus Borough, New Jersey, 2013","docAbstract":"Digital flood-inundation maps for a 5.4-mile reach of the Saddle River in New Jersey from Hollywood Avenue in Ho-Ho-Kus Borough downstream through the Village of Ridgewood and Paramus Borough to the confluence with Hohokus Brook in the Village of Ridgewood were created by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP). The inundation maps, which can be accessed through the USGS Flood Inundation Mapping Science Web site at http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation/, depict estimates of the areal extent and depth of flooding corresponding to selected water levels (stages) at the USGS streamgage on the Saddle River at Ridgewood, New Jersey (station 01390500). Current conditions for estimating near real-time areas of inundation using USGS streamgage information may be obtained on the Internet at http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/uv?site_no=01390500 or at the National Weather Services (NWS) Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service (AHPS) at http://water.weather.gov/ahps2/hydrograph.php?wfo=okx&gage=rwdn4.
\n
\nIn this study, flood profiles were computed for the stream reach by means of a one-dimensional step-backwater model. The model was calibrated by using the most current stage-discharge relation (March 11, 2011) at the USGS streamgage 01390500, Saddle River at Ridgewood, New Jersey. The hydraulic model was then used to compute 10 water-surface profiles for flood stages at 1-foot (ft) intervals referenced to the streamgage datum, North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88), and ranging from 5 ft, the NWS “action and minor flood stage”, to 14 ft, which is the maximum extent of the stage-discharge rating and 0.6 ft higher than the highest recorded water level at the streamgage. The simulated water-surface profiles were then combined with a geographic information system 3-meter (9.84-ft) digital elevation model derived from Light Detection and Ranging (lidar) data in order to delineate the area flooded at each water level.
\n
\nThe availability of these maps along with information on the Internet regarding current stage from the USGS streamgage provides emergency management personnel and residents with information that is critical for flood response activities, such as evacuations and road closures as well as for post-flood recovery efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3299","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Watson, K.M., and Niemoczynski, M.J., 2014, Flood-inundation maps for the Saddle River in Ho-Ho-Kus Borough, the Village of Ridgewood, and Paramus Borough, New Jersey, 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3299, Pamphlet: v, 10 p.; 10 Plates: 17.00 x 22.00 inches; Downloads directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3299.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: v, 10 p.; 10 Plates: 17.00 x 22.00 inches; Downloads directory","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2013-01-01","temporalEnd":"2013-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-055163","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292169,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim3299.jpg"},{"id":292155,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3299/"},{"id":292156,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3299/downloads/sim3299-pamphlet.pdf"},{"id":292157,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3299/downloads/map_sheets/sim3299_5_0.pdf"},{"id":292158,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3299/downloads/map_sheets/sim3299_6_0.pdf"},{"id":292159,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3299/downloads/map_sheets/sim3299_7_0.pdf"},{"id":292160,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3299/downloads/map_sheets/sim3299_8_0.pdf"},{"id":292161,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3299/downloads/map_sheets/sim3299_9_0.pdf"},{"id":292162,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3299/downloads/map_sheets/sim3299_10_0.pdf"},{"id":292163,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3299/downloads/map_sheets/sim3299_11_0.pdf"},{"id":292164,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3299/downloads/map_sheets/sim3299_12_0.pdf"},{"id":292165,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3299/downloads/map_sheets/sim3299_13_0.pdf"},{"id":292166,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3299/downloads/map_sheets/sim3299_14_0.pdf"},{"id":292167,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3299/downloads"}],"datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Ho-ho-kus Borough;Paramus Borough;Saddle River;Village Of Redwood","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -74.116667,40.95 ], [ -74.116667,41.0 ], [ -74.066667,41.0 ], [ -74.066667,40.95 ], [ -74.116667,40.95 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53edbf2fe4b0f61b386c825e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watson, Kara M. 0000-0002-2685-0260 kmwatson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2685-0260","contributorId":2134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watson","given":"Kara","email":"kmwatson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Niemoczynski, Michal J. 0000-0003-0880-7354 mniemocz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0880-7354","contributorId":5840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niemoczynski","given":"Michal","email":"mniemocz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70112430,"text":"ofr20141084 - 2014 - Groundwater quality in the Upper Hudson River Basin, New York, 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-14T09:42:35","indexId":"ofr20141084","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-14T09:38:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1084","title":"Groundwater quality in the Upper Hudson River Basin, New York, 2012","docAbstract":"Water samples were collected from 20 production and domestic wells in the Upper Hudson River Basin (north of the Federal Dam at Troy, New York) in New York in August 2012 to characterize groundwater quality in the basin. The samples were collected and processed using standard U.S. Geological Survey procedures and were analyzed for 148 physiochemical properties and constituents, including dissolved gases, major ions, nutrients, trace elements, pesticides, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), radionuclides, and indicator bacteria.
\n
\nThe Upper Hudson River Basin covers 4,600 square miles in upstate New York, Vermont, and Massachusetts; the study area encompasses the 4,000 square miles that lie within New York. The basin is underlain by crystalline and sedimentary bedrock, including gneiss, shale, and slate; some sandstone and carbonate rocks are present locally. The bedrock in some areas is overlain by surficial deposits of saturated sand and gravel. Eleven of the wells sampled in the Upper Hudson River Basin are completed in sand and gravel deposits, and nine are completed in bedrock. Groundwater in the Upper Hudson River Basin was typically neutral or slightly basic; the water typically was moderately hard. Bicarbonate, chloride, calcium, and sodium were the major ions with the greatest median concentrations; the dominant nutrient was nitrate. Methane was detected in 7 samples. Strontium, iron, barium, boron, and manganese were the trace elements with the highest median concentrations. Two pesticides, an herbicide degradate and an insecticide degredate, were detected in two samples at trace levels; seven VOCs, including chloroform, four solvents, and the gasoline additive methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) were detected in four samples. The greatest radon-222 activity, 2,900 picocuries per liter, was measured in a sample from a bedrock well; the median radon activity was higher in samples from bedrock wells than in samples from sand and gravel wells. Coliform bacteria were detected in one sample with a maximum of 2 colony-forming units per 100 milliliters.
\n
\nWater quality in the Upper Hudson River Basin is generally good, but concentrations of some constituents equaled or exceeded current or proposed Federal or New York State drinking-water standards. The standards exceeded are color (1 sample), pH (3 samples), sodium (3 samples), chloride (1 sample), dissolved solids (1 sample), arsenic (1 sample), iron (2 samples), manganese (2 samples), uranium (1 sample), radon-222 (12 samples), and gross beta activities (3 samples). Total coliform bacteria were each detected in one sample. Concentrations of fluoride, sulfate, nitrate, nitrite, aluminum, antimony, barium, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, selenium, silver, thallium, zinc, and gross alpha activities did not exceed existing drinking-water standards in any of the samples collected. Methane concentration in one sample was greater than 28 milligrams per liter, with a concentration of 35.1 milligrams per liter.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston,VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141084","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","usgsCitation":"Scott, T., and Nystrom, E.A., 2014, Groundwater quality in the Upper Hudson River Basin, New York, 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1084, vi, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141084.","productDescription":"vi, 21 p.","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2012-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-054132","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292152,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141084.jpg"},{"id":292151,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1084/pdf/ofr2014-1084.pdf"},{"id":292150,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1084/"}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Upper Hudson River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -74.5,43.0 ], [ -74.5,44.0 ], [ -73.5,44.0 ], [ -73.5,43.0 ], [ -74.5,43.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53edbf30e4b0f61b386c8264","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, Tia-Marie 0000-0002-5677-0544 tia-mariescott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5677-0544","contributorId":5122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"Tia-Marie","email":"tia-mariescott@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nystrom, Elizabeth A. 0000-0002-0886-3439 nystrom@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0886-3439","contributorId":1072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nystrom","given":"Elizabeth","email":"nystrom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70116796,"text":"70116796 - 2014 - Continuing megathrust earthquake potential in Chile after the 2014 Iquique earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-21T12:50:46","indexId":"70116796","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-14T09:04:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Continuing megathrust earthquake potential in Chile after the 2014 Iquique earthquake","docAbstract":"The seismic gap theory identifies regions of elevated hazard based on a lack of recent seismicity in comparison with other portions of a fault. It has successfully explained past earthquakes (see, for example, ref. 2) and is useful for qualitatively describing where large earthquakes might occur. A large earthquake had been expected in the subduction zone adjacent to northern Chile which had not ruptured in a megathrust earthquake since a M ~8.8 event in 1877. On 1 April 2014 a M 8.2 earthquake occurred within this seismic gap. Here we present an assessment of the seismotectonics of the March–April 2014 Iquique sequence, including analyses of earthquake relocations, moment tensors, finite fault models, moment deficit calculations and cumulative Coulomb stress transfer. This ensemble of information allows us to place the sequence within the context of regional seismicity and to identify areas of remaining and/or elevated hazard. Our results constrain the size and spatial extent of rupture, and indicate that this was not the earthquake that had been anticipated. Significant sections of the northern Chile subduction zone have not ruptured in almost 150 years, so it is likely that future megathrust earthquakes will occur to the south and potentially to the north of the 2014 Iquique sequence.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","doi":"10.1038/nature13677","usgsCitation":"Hayes, G., Herman, M.W., Barnhart, W.D., Furlong, K.P., Riquelme, S., Benz, H.M., Bergman, E., Barrientos, S., Earle, P.S., and Samsonov, S., 2014, Continuing megathrust earthquake potential in Chile after the 2014 Iquique earthquake: Nature, v. 512, p. 295-298, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13677.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"295","endPage":"298","numberOfPages":"9","ipdsId":"IP-057907","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487756,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/126687","text":"External Repository"},{"id":292148,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":292146,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature13677"}],"country":"Chile","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73.0,-24.0 ], [ -73.0,-17.0 ], [ -68.0,-17.0 ], [ -68.0,-24.0 ], [ -73.0,-24.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"512","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53edbf2ee4b0f61b386c8259","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hayes, Gavin P. 0000-0003-3323-0112","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3323-0112","contributorId":6157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Gavin P.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herman, Matthew W. mherman@usgs.gov","contributorId":5337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herman","given":"Matthew","email":"mherman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barnhart, William D. wbarnhart@usgs.gov","contributorId":5299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnhart","given":"William","email":"wbarnhart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Furlong, Kevin P. 0000-0002-2674-5110","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2674-5110","contributorId":19576,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Furlong","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Riquelme, Sebástian","contributorId":31684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riquelme","given":"Sebástian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Benz, Harley M. 0000-0002-6860-2134 benz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6860-2134","contributorId":794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benz","given":"Harley","email":"benz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bergman, Eric","contributorId":28160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergman","given":"Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Barrientos, Sergio","contributorId":32833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrientos","given":"Sergio","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Earle, Paul S. pearle@usgs.gov","contributorId":840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Earle","given":"Paul","email":"pearle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":495845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Samsonov, Sergey","contributorId":93398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samsonov","given":"Sergey","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70173572,"text":"70173572 - 2014 - Experimental evaluation of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss predation on longnose dace Rhinichthys cataractae","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-09T14:56:32","indexId":"70173572","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1471,"text":"Ecology of Freshwater Fish","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Experimental evaluation of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss predation on longnose dace Rhinichthys cataractae","docAbstract":"Laboratory and in-stream enclosure experiments were used to determine whether rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss influence survival of longnose dace Rhinichthys cataractae. In the laboratory, adult rainbow trout preyed on longnose dace in 42% of trials and juvenile rainbow trout did not prey on longnose dace during the first 6 h after rainbow trout introduction. Survival of longnose dace did not differ in the presence of adult rainbow trout previously exposed to active prey and those not previously exposed to active prey (![\"inline](\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1111/eff.12173/asset/equation/eff12173-math-0001.png?v=1&t=ip8q2or9&s=06971d966d571137a13d8db27c32d1565b8a57fe\")
= 0.28, P = 0.60). In field enclosures, the number of longnose dace decreased at a faster rate in the presence of rainbow trout relative to controls within the first 72 h, but did not differ between moderate and high densities of rainbow trout (F2,258.9 = 3.73, P = 0.03). Additionally, longnose dace were found in 7% of rainbow trout stomachs after 72 h in enclosures. Rainbow trout acclimated to the stream for longer periods had a greater initial influence on the number of longnose dace remaining in enclosures relative to those acclimated for shorter periods regardless of rainbow trout density treatment (F4,148.5 = 2.50, P = 0.04). More research is needed to determine how predation rates will change in natural environments, under differing amounts of habitat and food resources and in the context of whole assemblages. However, if rainbow trout are introduced into the habitat of longnose dace, some predation on longnose dace is expected, even when rainbow trout have no previous experience with active prey.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/eff.12173","usgsCitation":"Turek, K.C., Pegg, M.A., and Pope, K.L., 2014, Experimental evaluation of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss predation on longnose dace Rhinichthys cataractae: Ecology of Freshwater Fish, v. 24, no. 4, p. 600-607, https://doi.org/10.1111/eff.12173.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"600","endPage":"607","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056469","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323405,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575a9331e4b04f417c275142","chorus":{"doi":"10.1111/eff.12173","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eff.12173","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Turek Kelly C., Pegg Mark A., Pope Kevin L.","journalName":"Ecology of Freshwater Fish","publicationDate":"8/14/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Turek, Kelly C.","contributorId":7603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turek","given":"Kelly","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pegg, Mark A.","contributorId":45212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pegg","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pope, Kevin L. 0000-0003-1876-1687 kpope@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1876-1687","contributorId":1574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"Kevin","email":"kpope@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70120127,"text":"fs20143059 - 2014 - The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T15:31:16","indexId":"fs20143059","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-13T13:09:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3059","title":"The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Arkansas","docAbstract":"Elevation data are essential to a broad range of applications, including forest resources management, wildlife and habitat management, national security, recreation, and many others. For the State of Arkansas, elevation data are critical for agriculture and precision farming, natural resources conservation, flood risk management, infrastructure and construction management, forest resources management, and other business uses. Today, high-density light detection and ranging (lidar) data are the primary sources for deriving elevation models and other datasets. Federal, State, Tribal, and local agencies work in partnership to (1) replace data that are older and of lower quality and (2) provide coverage where publicly accessible data do not exist. A joint goal of State and Federal partners is to acquire consistent, statewide coverage to support existing and emerging applications enabled by lidar data.
\nThe National Enhanced Elevation Assessment evaluated multiple elevation data acquisition options to determine the optimal data quality and data replacement cycle relative to cost to meet the identified requirements of the user community. The evaluation demonstrated that lidar acquisition at quality level 2 for the conterminous United States and quality level 5 interferometric synthetic aperture radar (ifsar) data for Alaska with a 6- to 10-year acquisition cycle provided the highest benefit/cost ratios.The 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) initiative selected an 8-year acquisition cycle for the respective quality levels. 3DEP, managed by the U.S. Geological Survey, the Office of Management and Budget Circular A–16 lead agency for terrestrial elevation data, responds to the growing need for high-quality topographic data and a wide range of other 3D representations of the Nation’s natural and constructed features.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143059","usgsCitation":"Carswell, W., 2014, The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Arkansas: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014-3059, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143059.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055940","costCenters":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292090,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20143059.jpg"},{"id":292089,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3059/pdf/fs2014-3059.pdf","text":"Report","size":"350 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":292030,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3059/"}],"country":"United 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