Streamflow observations can be used to understand, predict, and contextualize hydrologic, ecological, and biogeochemical processes and conditions in streams. Stream gages are point measurements along rivers where streamflow is measured, and are often used to infer upstream watershed‐scale processes. When stream gages read zero, this may indicate that the stream has dried at this location; however, zero‐flow readings can also be caused by a wide range of other factors. Our ability to identify whether or not a zero‐flow gage reading indicates a dry fluvial system has far reaching environmental implications. Incorrect identification and interpretation by the data user can lead to inaccurate hydrologic, ecological, and/or biogeochemical predictions from models and analyses. Here, we describe several causes of zero‐flow gage readings: frozen surface water, flow reversals, instrument error, and natural or human‐driven upstream source losses or bypass flow. For these examples, we discuss the implications of zero‐flow interpretations. We also highlight additional methods for determining flow presence, including direct observations, statistical methods, and hydrologic models, which can be applied to interpret causes of zero‐flow gage readings and implications for reach‐ and watershed‐scale dynamics. Such efforts are necessary to improve our ability to understand and predict surface flow activation, cessation, and connectivity across river networks. Developing this integrated understanding of the wide range of possible meanings of zero‐flows will only attain greater importance in a more variable and changing hydrologic climate.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/wat2.1436","usgsCitation":"Zimmer, M., Kaiser, K.E., Blaszczak, J., Zipper, S., Hammond, J., Fritz, K.M., Costigan, K., Hosen, J.D., Godsey, S., Allen, G.H., Kampf, S.K., Burrow, R., Krabbenhoft, C., Dodds, W., Hale, R., Olden, J., Shanafield, M., DelVecchia, A., Ward, A.S., Mims, M.C., Datry, T., Bogan, M.A., Boersma, K., Busch, M., Jones, N.M., Burgin, A., and Allen, D., 2020, Zero or not? Causes and consequences of zero-flow stream gage readings: WIREs Water, v. 7, no. 3, e1436, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1436.","productDescription":"e1436, 25 p.","ipdsId":"IP-112480","costCenters":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":457103,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1436","text":"External Repository"},{"id":437027,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9R84W5K","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Contiguous US and Global streamflow gages measuring zero flow"},{"id":437026,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9AB3KL9","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Sub-annual streamflow responses to rainfall and snowmelt inputs in snow-dominated watersheds of the western U.S."},{"id":375452,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-04-13","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zimmer, Margaret 0000-0001-8287-1923","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8287-1923","contributorId":225158,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zimmer","given":"Margaret","affiliations":[{"id":41054,"text":"Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":790580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kaiser, Kendra E. 0000-0003-1773-6236","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1773-6236","contributorId":211475,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaiser","given":"Kendra","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":38255,"text":"Boise State Unviersity","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":790581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blaszczak, Joanna 0000-0001-5122-0829","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5122-0829","contributorId":225159,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blaszczak","given":"Joanna","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":41055,"text":"Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":790582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zipper, Samuel 0000-0002-8735-5757","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8735-5757","contributorId":225160,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zipper","given":"Samuel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":41056,"text":"Kansas Geological Survey, University of Kansas, Lawrence KS 66047, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":790583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hammond, John C. 0000-0002-4935-0736","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4935-0736","contributorId":223108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammond","given":"John C.","affiliations":[{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":790584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fritz, Ken M. 0000-0002-3831-2531","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3831-2531","contributorId":203959,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fritz","given":"Ken","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":36773,"text":"USEPA NERL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":790585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Costigan, Katie H.","contributorId":166700,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Costigan","given":"Katie H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":790586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hosen, Jacob D.","contributorId":149188,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hosen","given":"Jacob","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":17663,"text":"Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Solomons, Maryland, United States","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":790587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Godsey, Sarah E","contributorId":223120,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Godsey","given":"Sarah E","affiliations":[{"id":38154,"text":"Idaho State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":790588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Allen, George H. 0000-0001-8301-5301","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8301-5301","contributorId":225161,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allen","given":"George","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":41057,"text":"Department of Geography, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":790589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Kampf, Stephanie K. 0000-0001-8991-2679","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8991-2679","contributorId":225146,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kampf","given":"Stephanie","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":41048,"text":"Associate Professor, Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":790590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Burrow, Ryan 0000-0002-3296-1864","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3296-1864","contributorId":225162,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burrow","given":"Ryan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":41058,"text":"Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia 4111","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":790591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, Corey 0000-0002-2630-8287","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2630-8287","contributorId":225163,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"Corey","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":41059,"text":"College of Arts and Sciences and Research and Education in Energy, Environment and Water (RENEW) Institute, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14228","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":790592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Dodds, Walter 0000-0002-6666-8930","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6666-8930","contributorId":225164,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dodds","given":"Walter","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":41060,"text":"Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66502","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":790593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Hale, Rebecca 0000-0002-3552-3691","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3552-3691","contributorId":195753,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hale","given":"Rebecca","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12865,"text":"Smithsonian Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":790594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Olden, Julian D.","contributorId":202893,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olden","given":"Julian D.","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":790595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Shanafield, Margaret","contributorId":196916,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shanafield","given":"Margaret","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":790596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"DelVecchia, Amanda 0000-0003-4252-5991","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4252-5991","contributorId":225165,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DelVecchia","given":"Amanda","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":41061,"text":"Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana, Polson, MT 59860","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":790597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Ward, Adam S","contributorId":191363,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ward","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"S","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":790598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Mims, Meryl C. 0000-0003-0570-988X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0570-988X","contributorId":209951,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mims","given":"Meryl","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":790599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Datry, Thibault 0000-0003-1390-6736","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1390-6736","contributorId":225166,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Datry","given":"Thibault","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":41062,"text":"Centre de Lyon-Villeurbanne, 69626 Villeurbanne CEDEX, France","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":790600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Bogan, Michael A.","contributorId":196745,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bogan","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":790601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Boersma, Kate 0000-0002-0707-3283","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0707-3283","contributorId":225167,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boersma","given":"Kate","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":41063,"text":"Department of Biology, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA 92105, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":790602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Busch, Michelle 0000-0003-4536-3000","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4536-3000","contributorId":225168,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Busch","given":"Michelle","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":41064,"text":"Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman OK, 73019","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":790603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Jones, Nathan M.","contributorId":177996,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":790604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Burgin, Amy","contributorId":140223,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burgin","given":"Amy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13420,"text":"Wright State Univ.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":790605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Allen, Daniel C. 0000-0002-0451-0564","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0451-0564","contributorId":225169,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allen","given":"Daniel","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":41064,"text":"Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman OK, 73019","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":790606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27}]}} ,{"id":70209470,"text":"sir20205027 - 2020 - A multidecade analysis of fluvial geomorphic evolution of the Spirit Lake blockage, Mount St. Helens, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-13T16:09:33.61663","indexId":"sir20205027","displayToPublicDate":"2020-04-10T07:31:07","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2020-5027","displayTitle":"A Multidecade Analysis of Fluvial Geomorphic Evolution of the Spirit Lake Blockage, Mount St. Helens, Washington","title":"A multidecade analysis of fluvial geomorphic evolution of the Spirit Lake blockage, Mount St. Helens, Washington","docAbstract":"Volcanic eruptions can affect landscapes in many ways and consequently alter erosion and the fluxes of water and sediment. Hydrologic and geomorphic responses to volcanic disturbances are varied in both space and time, and, in some instances, can persist for decades to centuries. Understanding the broad context of how landscapes respond to eruptions can help inform how they may evolve, and therefore provides context for managing and mitigating hazards associated with future volcanic and hydrologic events. Here, we assess the geomorphic evolution of the upper North Fork Toutle River valley, the valley most heavily affected by the Mount St. Helens May 18 and later 1980s eruptions. By doing so, we provide context for the landscape changes caused by the eruptions as they relate to potential hydrological hazards associated with Spirit Lake, an iconic landform at the northern foot of the volcano. The Spirit Lake basin was transformed by the cataclysmic 1980 eruption and had its outlet blocked. The analyses presented provide context for considerations of potential outlets for Spirit Lake, a landform which might be viewed as a “sleeping giant” on this landscape: a giant capable of causing catastrophic downstream consequences if water is released uncontrollably from the lake.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20205027","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Forest Service, Gifford Pinchot National Forest","usgsCitation":"Major, J.J., Grant, G.E., Sweeney, K., and Mosbrucker, A.R., 2020, A multidecade analysis of fluvial geomorphic evolution of the Spirit Lake blockage, Mount St. Helens, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2020-5027, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20205027.","productDescription":"vii, 54 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-109211","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":373866,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5027/sir20205027.pdf","text":"Report","size":"9.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2020-5027"},{"id":373905,"rank":3,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5027/sir20205027_SupplementalDataFile_DF1.xlsx","text":"Supplemental data file DF1","size":"1.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2020-5027 Supplemental Data File DF1","linkHelpText":"Estimated long-term daily flow hydrology from North Fork Toutle River, WA, below SRS"},{"id":373865,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5027/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St. Helens","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.36984252929688,\n 46.081804301792545\n ],\n [\n -122.01965332031249,\n 46.081804301792545\n ],\n [\n -122.01965332031249,\n 46.39998810407942\n ],\n [\n -122.36984252929688,\n 46.39998810407942\n ],\n [\n -122.36984252929688,\n 46.081804301792545\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Volcano Science Center
Cascades Volcano Observatory
U.S. Geological Survey
1300 SE Cardinal Court
Vancouver, WA, 98683
Because groundwater recharge in dry regions is generally low, arid and semiarid environments have been considered well‐suited for long‐term isolation of hazardous materials (e.g., radioactive waste). In these dry regions, water lost (transpired) by plants and evaporated from the soil surface, collectively termed evapotranspiration (ET), is usually the primary discharge component in the water balance. Therefore, vegetation can potentially affect groundwater flow and contaminant transport at waste disposal sites. We studied vegetation health and ET dynamics at a Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act (UMTRCA) disposal site in Shiprock, New Mexico, where a floodplain alluvial aquifer was contaminated by mill effluent. Vegetation on the floodplain was predominantly deep‐rooted, non‐native tamarisk shrubs (Tamarix sp.). After the introduction of the tamarisk beetle (Diorhabda sp.) as a biocontrol agent, the health of the invasive tamarisk on the Shiprock floodplain declined. We used Landsat normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data to measure greenness and a remote sensing algorithm to estimate landscape‐scale ET along the floodplain of the UMTRCA site in Shiprock prior to (2000–2009) and after (2010–2018) beetle establishment. Using groundwater level data collected from 2011 to 2014, we also assessed the role of ET in explaining seasonal variations in depth to water of the floodplain. Growing season scaled NDVI decreased 30% (p < .001), while ET decreased 26% from the pre‐ to post‐beetle period and seasonal ET estimates were significantly correlated with groundwater levels from 2011 to 2014 (r2 = .71; p = .009). Tamarisk greenness (a proxy for health) was significantly affected by Diorhabda but has partially recovered since 2012. Despite this, increased ET demand in the summer/fall period might reduce contaminant transport to the San Juan River during this period.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.13772","usgsCitation":"Jarchow, C.J., Waugh, W.J., Didan, K., Barreto-Munoz, A., Herrmann, S.M., and Nagler, P.L., 2020, Vegetation‐groundwater dynamics at a former uranium mill site following invasion of a biocontrol agent: A time series analysis of Landsat normalized difference vegetation index data: Hydrological Processes, v. 34, no. 12, p. 2739-2749, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.13772.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2739","endPage":"2749","ipdsId":"IP-112673","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489705,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.13772","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":378391,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","city":"Shiprock","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.71383666992188,\n 36.766667073939736\n ],\n [\n -108.66302490234375,\n 36.766667073939736\n ],\n [\n -108.66302490234375,\n 36.806261006694555\n ],\n [\n -108.71383666992188,\n 36.806261006694555\n ],\n [\n -108.71383666992188,\n 36.766667073939736\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-04-29","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jarchow, Christopher J. 0000-0002-0424-4104 cjarchow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0424-4104","contributorId":5813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarchow","given":"Christopher","email":"cjarchow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":798690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waugh, William J.","contributorId":196107,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Waugh","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":798691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Didan, Kamel","contributorId":130999,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Didan","given":"Kamel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7204,"text":"University of Arizona, Electrical and Computer Engineering","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barreto-Munoz, Armando","contributorId":131000,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barreto-Munoz","given":"Armando","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7204,"text":"University of Arizona, Electrical and Computer Engineering","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Herrmann, Stefanie M. 0000-0002-4069-2019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4069-2019","contributorId":20234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herrmann","given":"Stefanie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":798694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nagler, Pamela L. 0000-0003-0674-103X pnagler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":1398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"Pamela","email":"pnagler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":798634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70206191,"text":"sir20195120 - 2020 - Rio Grande transboundary integrated hydrologic model and water-availability analysis, New Mexico and Texas, United States, and northern Chihuahua, Mexico","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70197406,"text":"ofr20181091 - 2018 - Rio Grande transboundary integrated hydrologic model and water-availability analysis, New Mexico and Texas, United States, and Northern Chihuahua, Mexico","indexId":"ofr20181091","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"title":"Rio Grande transboundary integrated hydrologic model and water-availability analysis, New Mexico and Texas, United States, and Northern Chihuahua, Mexico"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70206191,"text":"sir20195120 - 2020 - Rio Grande transboundary integrated hydrologic model and water-availability analysis, New Mexico and Texas, United States, and northern Chihuahua, Mexico","indexId":"sir20195120","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"title":"Rio Grande transboundary integrated hydrologic model and water-availability analysis, New Mexico and Texas, United States, and northern Chihuahua, Mexico"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-25T19:02:23.235988","indexId":"sir20195120","displayToPublicDate":"2020-04-07T14:58:16","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2019-5120","displayTitle":"Rio Grande Transboundary Integrated Hydrologic Model and Water-Availability Analysis, New Mexico and Texas, United States, and Northern Chihuahua, Mexico","title":"Rio Grande transboundary integrated hydrologic model and water-availability analysis, New Mexico and Texas, United States, and northern Chihuahua, Mexico","docAbstract":"Changes in population, agricultural development and practices (including shifts to more water-intensive crops), and climate variability are increasing demands on available water resources, particularly groundwater, in one of the most productive agricultural regions in the Southwest—the Rincon and Mesilla Valley parts of Rio Grande Valley, Doña Ana and Sierra Counties, New Mexico, and El Paso County, Texas. The goal of this study was to produce an integrated hydrological simulation model to help evaluate water-management strategies, including conjunctive use of surface water and groundwater for historical conditions, and to support long-term planning for the Rio Grande Project. This report describes model construction and applications by the U.S. Geological Survey, working in cooperation and collaboration with the Bureau of Reclamation.
This model, the Rio Grande Transboundary Integrated Hydrologic Model, simulates the most important natural and human components of the hydrologic system, including selected components related to variations in climate, thereby providing a reliable assessment of surface-water and groundwater conditions and processes that can inform water users and help improve planning for future conditions and sustained operations of the Rio Grande Project (RGP) by the Bureau of Reclamation. Model development included a revision of the conceptual model of the flow system, construction of a Transboundary Rio Grande Watershed Model (TRGWM) water-balance model using the Basin Characterization Model, and construction of an integrated hydrologic flow model with MODFLOW-One-Water Hydrologic Flow Model version 2 (referred to as MF-OWHM2). The hydrologic models were developed for and calibrated to historical conditions of water and land use, and parameters were adjusted so that simulated values closely matched available measurements (calibration). The calibrated model was then used to assess the use and movement of water in the Rincon Valley, Mesilla Basin, and northern part of the Conejos-Médanos Basin, with the entire region referred to as the “Transboundary Rio Grande” or TRG. These tools provide a means to understand hydrologic system response to the evolution of water use in the region, its availability, and potential operational constraints of the RGP.
The conceptual model identified surface-water and groundwater inflows and outflows that included the movement and use of water both in natural and in anthropogenic systems. The groundwater-flow system is characterized by a layered geologic sedimentary sequence combined with the effects of groundwater pumping, operation of the RGP, natural runoff and recharge, and the application of irrigation water at the land surface that is captured and reused in an extensive network of canals and drains as part of the conjunctive use of water in the region.
Historical groundwater-level fluctuations followed a cyclic pattern that were aligned with climate cycles, which collectively resulted in alternating periods of wet or dry years. Periods of drought that persisted for one or more years are associated with low surface-water availability that resulted in higher rates of groundwater-level decline. Rates of groundwater-level decline also increased during periods of agricultural intensification, which necessitated increasing use of groundwater as a source of irrigation water. Agriculture in the area was initially dominated by alfalfa and cotton, but since 1970 more water-intensive pecan orchards and vegetable production have become more common. Groundwater levels substantially declined in subregions where drier climate combined with increased demand, resulting in periods of reduced streamflows.
Most of the groundwater was recharged in the Rio Grande Valley floor, and most of the pumpage and aquifer storage depletion was in Mesilla Basin agricultural subregions. A cyclic imbalance between inflows and outflows resulted in the modeled cyclic depletion (groundwater withdrawals in excess of natural recharge) of the groundwater basin during the 75-year simulation period of 1940–2014. Changes in groundwater storage can vary considerably from year to year, depending on land use, pumpage, and climate conditions. Climatic drivers of wet and dry years can greatly affect all inflows, outflows, and water use. Although streamflow and, to a minor extent, precipitation during inter-decadal wet-year periods replenished the groundwater historically, contemporary water use and storage depletion could have reduced the effects of these major recharge events. The average net groundwater flow-rate deficit for 1953–2014 was estimated to be about 1,090 acre-feet per year.
Director,
California Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6000 J Street, Placer Hall
Sacramento, California 95819
The U.S. Geological Survey’s (USGS) Modular Ground-Water Flow Model (MODFLOW-2005) is a computer program that simulates groundwater flow by using finite differences. The MODFLOW-2005 framework uses a modular design that allows for the easy development and incorporation of new features called processes and packages that work with or modify inputs to the groundwater-flow equation. A process solves a flow equation or set of equations. For example, the central part of MODFLOW is the groundwater-flow process that solves the groundwater-flow equation; the surface-water routing process is an additional process that solves the surface-water flow equation. Packages are code related to the groundwater-flow process. For example, the subsidence package modifies the groundwater-flow process by including aquifer compaction effects on flow. With the development of new packages and processes, the MODFLOW-2005 base framework diverged into multiple independent versions designed for specific simulation needs. This divergence limited each independent MODFLOW release to its specific purpose, so that there was no longer a single, comprehensive, general-purpose hydraulic-simulation framework.
The MODFLOW One-Water Hydrologic Flow Model (MF-OWHM, also informally known as OneWater) is an integrated hydrologic flow model that combines multiple MODFLOW-2005 variants in one cohesive simulation software; changes were made to enable multiple capabilities in one code. This fusion of the MODFLOW-2005 versions resulted in a simulation software that can be used to address and analyze a wide class of conjunctive-use, water-management, water-food-security, and climate-crop-water scenarios. As a second core version of MODFLOW-2005, MF-OWHM maintains backward compatibility with existing MODFLOW-2005 versions, with features that include the following:
MF-OWHM is a MODFLOW-2005 based integrated hydrologic model that can simulate and analyze varying environmental conditions to allow for the evaluation of management options from many components of human and natural water movement through a physically based, supply and demand framework. The term “integrated,” in the context of this report, refers to the tight coupling of groundwater flow, surface-water flow, landscape processes, aquifer compaction and subsidence, reservoir operations, and conduit (karst) flow. Another benefit of this integrated hydrologic model is that models developed to run by MODFLOW-2005, MODFLOW-NWT, MODFLOW-CFP, or MODFLOW-FMP can also be simulated with MF-OWHM. At the time of this report’s publication, MF-OWHM version 2 (MF-OWHM2) does not include a direct internal simulation of snowmelt, advanced mountainous watershed rainfall-runoff simulation, detailed shallow soil-moisture accounting, or atmospheric moisture content. Atmospheric moisture may be accounted for indirectly by, optionally, specifying a pan-evaporation rate, reference evapotranspiration, and precipitation. These features are not included to ensure that simulation runtime remains short enough to enable the use of automated methods of calibrating model parameters to field observations, which typically require many simulation model runs. The MF-OWHM approach is to include as much detail as possible to simulate hydrological processes, providing the simulation runtimes remain reasonable enough to allow for robust parameter estimation and model calibration.
To represent both natural and human-influenced flow, MF-OWHM integrates physically based flow processes derived from MODFLOW-2005 in a supply and demand framework. From this integration, the physically based movement of groundwater, surface water, imported water, and precipitation serve as supply to meet consumptive demands associated with irrigated and non-irrigated agriculture, natural vegetation, and urban water uses. Water consumption is determined by balancing the available water supply with water demand, leading to the concept of a demand-driven, supply-constrained simulation.
The MF-OWHM Supply-and-Demand Framework is especially useful for the analysis of agricultural water use, where there are often few data available to describe changes in land-use through time, such as crop type and distribution, and the associated changes in groundwater pumpage. This framework attempts to satisfy each land-use water demand with available water supplies—that is, groundwater uptake, precipitation, and irrigation. An option provided in MF-OWHM2 is to automatically increase groundwater pumping for irrigation, which often is unknown, by the calculated residual between demand and the other available sources of supply. From large- to small-scale applications, the physically based supply and demand framework provides key capabilities for simulating and analyzing historical, current, and future conjunctive-use of surface water and groundwater.
To achieve the physically based supply and demand framework, the MODFLOW-2005 standard of no inter-package and -process communication was relaxed for MF-OWHM2. Traditional MODFLOW simulation models required that all packages and processes interact through the groundwater-flow equation or by removing the water flow from the simulation domain. For example, the MODFLOW-2005 representation of a groundwater well extracts water from the groundwater-flow equation (by subtraction) and removes it from the simulation domain. This feature is available in the MF-OWHM framework, but options have been added to allow the specification of a use or destination of pumped groundwater within the model domain, for example, it can be used for irrigation, managed aquifer recharge, or return-flow to streams.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm6A60","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Boyce, S.E., Hanson, R.T., Ferguson, I., Schmid, W., Henson, W., Reimann, T., Mehl, S.M., and Earll, M.M., 2020, One-Water Hydrologic Flow Model: A MODFLOW based conjunctive-use simulation software: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 6–A60, 435 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm6A60.","productDescription":"Report: xvii, 435 p.; Application Site","numberOfPages":"435","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-071159","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":437036,"rank":14,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9K2IQ6Y","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Batteries Included Fortran Library (BiF-lib), version 1.0.0"},{"id":437035,"rank":14,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9P8I8GS","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"MODFLOW One-Water Hydrologic Flow Model (MF-OWHM) Conjunctive Use and Integrated Hydrologic Flow Modeling Software"},{"id":374113,"rank":13,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/06/a60/tm6A60_appendix8.pdf","text":"Appendix 8","size":"300 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Techniques and Methods A6-60","linkHelpText":"- Conduit Flow Process (CFP2) Input File Documentation for New Capabilities of CFP2 Mode 1—Discrete Conduits"},{"id":374112,"rank":12,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/06/a60/tm6A60_appendix7.pdf","text":"Appendix 7","size":"1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Techniques and Methods A6-60","linkHelpText":"- Conduit Flow Process Updates and Upgrades (CFP2)"},{"id":374111,"rank":11,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/06/a60/tm6A60_appendix6.pdf","text":"Appendix 6","size":"7.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Techniques and Methods A6-60","linkHelpText":"- Farm Process Version 4 (FMP)"},{"id":374110,"rank":10,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/06/a60/tm6A60_appendix5.pdf","text":"Appendix 5","size":"2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Techniques and Methods A6-60","linkHelpText":"- Landscape and Root-Zone Processes and Water Demand and Supply"},{"id":374109,"rank":9,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/06/a60/tm6A60_appendix4.pdf","text":"Appendix 4","size":"1.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Techniques and Methods A6-60","linkHelpText":"- Consumptive Use and Evapotranspiration in the Farm Process"},{"id":374108,"rank":8,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/06/a60/tm6A60_appendix3.pdf","text":"Appendix 3","size":"4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Techniques and Methods A6-60","linkHelpText":"- Modflow Upgrades and Updates"},{"id":374107,"rank":7,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/06/a60/tm6A60_appendix2.pdf","text":"Appendix 2","size":"2.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Techniques and Methods A6-60","linkHelpText":"- Separation of Spatial and Temporal Input Options"},{"id":374106,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/06/a60/tm6A60_appendix1.pdf","text":"Appendix 1","size":"2.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Techniques and Methods A6-60","linkHelpText":"- New Input Formats and Utilities"},{"id":374105,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/06/a60/tm6A60_appendix0.pdf","text":"Appendix 0","size":"500 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Techniques and Methods A6-60","linkHelpText":"- Report Syntax Highlighting and Custom Font Styles"},{"id":374104,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/06/a60/tm6A60_body.pdf","text":"Main body","size":"3 MB - Main body","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Techniques and Methods A6-60 Main body"},{"id":373682,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/06/a60/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":373683,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/06/a60/tm6A60.pdf","text":"Full report","size":"30 MB - Full report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Techniques and Methods A6-60 Full report"},{"id":373696,"rank":3,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://www.usgs.gov/software/modflow-owhm-one-water-hydrologic-flow-model"}],"contact":"Director,
California Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6000 J Street, Placer Hall
Sacramento, California 95819
Despite decades of research into air and stream temperature dynamics, paired air-water annual temperature signals have been underutilized to characterize watershed processes. Annual stream temperature dynamics are useful in classifying fundamental thermal regimes and can enhance process-based interpretation of stream temperature controls, including deep and shallow groundwater discharge, when paired with air signals. In this study, we investigated multi-scale variability in annual paired air-water temperature patterns using sine-wave linear regressions of multi-year daily temperature data from streams of various sizes. A total of 311 sites from two spatially intensive regional datasets (Shenandoah National Park and Olympic Experimental State Forest) and a spatially extensive national dataset spanning the contiguous United States (U.S. Geological Survey gages) were evaluated. We calculated three annual air-water thermal metrics (mean ratio, phase lag, and amplitude ratio) to deduce the influence of groundwater and other watershed processes on stream thermal regimes at multiple spatial scales. Site-specific values of the three annual air-water thermal metrics ranged from 0.69 to 5.29 (mean ratio), −9 to 40 days (phase lag), and 0.29 to 1.12 (amplitude ratio). Regional patterns in the annual thermal metrics revealed persistent yet spatially variable influences of shallow groundwater discharge and high levels of thermal variability within watersheds, indicating the importance of local hydrogeological controls on stream temperature. Furthermore, annual thermal metric patterns from the regional datasets were generally concordant with the national dataset suggesting the utility of these annual thermal metrics for analysis at multiple scales. Analysis of the national dataset showed that previously defined thermal regimes based on water temperature alone could be further refined using air-water metrics and these metrics were related to physiographic watershed characteristics such as contributing area, elevation, and slope. This research demonstrates the importance of spatial scale and heterogeneity for inferring hydrological process in streams and provides guidance for the interpretation of annual air-water temperature metrics that can be efficiently applied to the growing database of multi-year temperature records. Results from this research can aid in the prediction of future thermal habitat suitability for coldwater-adapted species at ecologically and management-relevant spatial scales with readily available data.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.124929","usgsCitation":"Johnson, Z., Johnson, B.G., Briggs, M., Devine, W., Snyder, C.D., Hitt, N.P., Hare, D., and Minkova, T., 2020, Paired air-water annual temperature patterns reveal hydrogeological controls on stream thermal regimes at watershed to continental scales: Journal of Hydrology, v. 587, 124929, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.124929.","productDescription":"124929, 17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-116395","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385332,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Continental United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"MultiPolygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n [\n -94.81758,\n 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2016–18","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-26T18:43:50.872109","indexId":"sir20205021","displayToPublicDate":"2020-04-01T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2020-5021","displayTitle":"Effects of Box Culverts on Stream Habitat, Channel Morphology, and Fish and Macroinvertebrate Communities at Selected Sites in South Carolina, 2016–18","title":"Effects of box culverts on stream habitat, channel morphology, and fish and macroinvertebrate communities at selected sites in South Carolina, 2016–18","docAbstract":"Much attention has been placed on the role that under-roadway culverts may have in inhibiting upstream fish movement because of altered hydrology and unsuitable conditions for accessing or swimming through the culvert. Other culvert effects related to habitat alterations or disturbance to macroinvertebrate communities have received relatively little attention. Entities responsible for culverts or other stream crossing structures are required to follow the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers guidelines for compensatory mitigation should any disturbance result from an engineering activity. One factor considered in the scoring of mitigation requirements is culvert length. Except for shading a longer length of stream, it is unknown whether longer culverts result in greater disturbance to stream habitat or the biotic communities than shorter culverts. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Transportation, evaluated the role of culverts in altering physical habitat and community structure of fish and macroinvertebrates at 20 sites in South Carolina. Culvert sites were categorized by length (either greater than 30.5 meters or less than or equal to 30.5 meters) and physiographic province (Piedmont or upper Coastal Plain). This study design allowed for a regional assessment to determine if culverts may have different effects on habitat and biotic communities in different physical settings. The results indicated considerable variation in physical habitat characteristics within and among the culvert sites from all categories. A consistent finding was that channel cross-sectional area tended to increase in reaches downstream from culverts in the upper Coastal Plain. The primary dimension of change was vertical, that is, incision of the streambed. This change, however, did not seem to coincide with a deleterious effect on the fish community. Increased habitat complexity and greater taxonomic richness were observed at most sites with downstream incision. Macroinvertebrate communities were highly variable and did not tend to cluster along any of the culvert categories, which may reflect the variability of microhabitats within each site. In contrast, fish communities were largely segregated by physiographic province but did not show any other significant clustering on the basis of upstream or downstream reach or culvert length. Given the small within-group sample size, extrapolation of results should be done carefully, acknowledging the physiographic and group characteristics.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20205021","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Riley, J.W., Beaulieu, K.M., Walsh, S.J., and Journey, C.A., 2020, Effects of box culverts on stream habitat, channel morphology, and fish and macroinvertebrate communities at selected sites in South Carolina, 2016–18: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2020–5021, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20205021.","productDescription":"viii, 51 p.","numberOfPages":"64","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-104418","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":437037,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9VD9AYY","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Stream habitat and geomorphic characteristics above and below 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Carolina\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","contact":"Director, South Atlantic Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
720 Gracern Road
Stephenson Center, Suite 129
Columbia, SC 29210
Groundwater hydrology and geochemistry within the tidal Anacostia River watershed of Washington, D.C. are related to natural and human influences. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the District Department of Energy & Environment, began investigating the hydrogeology and groundwater quality of the watershed in 2002. Lithologic coring, groundwater-level and tidal monitoring, and water-quality sampling have been conducted to improve understanding of the groundwater-flow system, geochemistry, water quality, and the likely interaction between groundwater and the tidal Anacostia River. The flow and interaction of shallow groundwater with the tidal Anacostia River and other area streams are affected by diversions, pumping, land reclamation, and other human activities in this highly urbanized watershed.
The tidal Anacostia River watershed is underlain by a wedge of unconsolidated sediments that is part of the Atlantic Coastal Plain Physiographic Province. These sediments form a system of confined and unconfined aquifers. The coarse sediments of the Potomac Group sand-dominated lithofacies form the Patuxent aquifer. The Patuxent aquifer crops out and subcrops in the northwestern part of the study area, but is confined to the southeast by the overlying Potomac Group clay-dominated lithofacies. Overlying the Potomac Group is a series of interbedded sands and clays that form an unconfined surficial aquifer system. Regional correlation in the unconfined surficial aquifer system is complicated by local heterogeneity in aquifer sediments. Local perched and semi-confined conditions occur in some areas.
Recharge of the confined Patuxent aquifer occurs primarily in the outcrop and subcrop area, although some recharge may also occur through overlying confining units. Recharge to the unconfined surficial aquifer system occurs through infiltration of precipitation and possible artificial recharge from structures such as underground water or sewer pipes. In the Patuxent aquifer, hydraulic gradients indicate downward movement in the outcrop area, whereas hydraulic heads beneath the Anacostia River are higher than land surface, indicating an upward hydraulic gradient. In the unconfined surficial aquifer system, groundwater generally flows from upland recharge areas towards discharge areas near the Anacostia River and its tributaries. Groundwater from the confined part of the Patuxent aquifer also may discharge to the Anacostia River in locations where the overlying clay-dominated lithofacies of the Potomac Group is absent as a result of past geologic and (or) alluvial processes.
Geochemistry and groundwater quality are affected by hydrologic conditions as well as anthropogenic influences. Local variability in groundwater quality reflects local variability in hydrogeologic conditions and sources of chemicals. Groundwater ranges from anoxic and iron- or calcium-bicarbonate type, to oxic with elevated nitrate. The occurrence and distribution of pesticides, volatile organic compounds, and other selected chemical compounds in groundwater reflect the multitude of sources common to urban areas, as well as variable hydrogeologic and geochemical conditions that affect their fate and transport in the environment. Overall, concentrations of only a few of the over 200 chemical constituents included in laboratory analyses exceeded regulatory standards or guidance values. These include tetrachloroethene and arsenic, which were each detected one time in different wells. There were also several detections of iron and manganese that exceeded regulatory standards or guidance values that are associated with reducing conditions in aquifer sediments.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20195128","usgsCitation":"Ator, S.W., Denver, J.M., and Dieter, C.A., 2020, Hydrogeology and shallow groundwater quality in the tidal Anacostia River watershed, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2019-5128, 93 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20195128.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 93 p.; 6 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"106","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-039169","costCenters":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":373579,"rank":8,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2019/5128/sir20195128_appendix5.pdf","text":"Appendix 5","size":"10.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- South Capitol Street Geotechnical Report, MACTEC Engineering and Consulting, Inc., 2005 (reproduced with permission)"},{"id":399609,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_109888.htm"},{"id":373578,"rank":7,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2019/5128/sir20195128_appendix4d.txt","text":"Appendix 4d","size":"1.45 MB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"linkHelpText":"- Tide Levels at USGS Station 01651750, Anacostia River Aquatic Gardens at Washington, D.C., 2007"},{"id":373577,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2019/5128/sir20195128_appendix4c.txt","text":"Appendix 4c","size":"1.97 MB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"linkHelpText":"- Tide Levels at USGS Station 01651750, Anacostia River Aquatic Gardens at Washington, D.C., 2006"},{"id":373569,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2019/5128/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":373570,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2019/5128/sir20195128.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.52 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2019-5128"},{"id":373575,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2019/5128/sir20195128_appendix4a.txt","text":"Appendix 4a","size":"1.20 MB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"linkHelpText":"- Tide Levels at USGS Station 01651750, Anacostia River Aquatic Gardens at Washington, D.C., 2004"},{"id":373576,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2019/5128/sir20195128_appendix4b.txt","text":"Appendix 4b","size":"2.08 MB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"linkHelpText":"- Tide Levels at USGS Station 01651750, Anacostia River Aquatic Gardens at Washington, D.C., 2005"},{"id":373574,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2019/5128/sir20195128_appendix3.xlsx","text":"Appendix 3","size":"59.4 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"linkHelpText":"- Instantaneous Groundwater-Level Measurements Collected at Selected Sites in the Anacostia River Watershed, 2002–11"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington, D.C.","otherGeospatial":"Tidal Anacostia River watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.1185302734375,\n 38.79048618862274\n ],\n [\n -76.93313598632812,\n 38.79048618862274\n ],\n [\n -76.93313598632812,\n 38.93698019310818\n ],\n [\n -77.1185302734375,\n 38.93698019310818\n ],\n [\n -77.1185302734375,\n 38.79048618862274\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, MD-DE-DC Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
5522 Research Park Drive
Baltimore, MD 21228
This is the third and final report in a series that describe the groundwater resources of the Hualapai Indian Reservation. These reports document the findings of a comprehensive groundwater study conducted on the reservation and adjacent areas from 2015 through 2018 by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation. The first report described the hydrologic framework and characterization of the Truxton aquifer on the Hualapai Indian Reservation (Bills and Macy, 2016). The second report described the hydrogeologic characterization of the Hualapai Plateau part of the reservation (Mason, Macy, and others, 2020).
This report includes five chapters. Chapter A (Mason, Knight, and others, 2020) is a summary of this multichapter volume and briefly describes the study area. Chapter B (Mason, Bills, and Macy, 2020) describes the geology and hydrology of the Truxton basin and Hualapai Plateau. Chapter C (Kennedy, 2020) describes the results of a gravity geophysical survey of the Truxton basin. Chapter D (Ball, 2020) describes the findings of an airborne electromagnetic survey of the Truxton aquifer and Hualapai Plateau. Chapter E (Knight, 2020) describes the results of a transient groundwater model created for the entire Truxton aquifer both on and off the reservation. The groundwater-flow model is used to estimate projected groundwater levels based on future groundwater withdrawal scenarios.
Director,
Arizona Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
520 N. Park Avenue
Tucson, AZ 85719
The lakebed in Wapato Lake National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) in northwestern Oregon was farmed for decades prior to the establishment of the refuge in 2013. Planning for restoration of these lands required extensive data collection and construction of a water budget and tools to design and evaluate potential restoration strategies. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service worked together to monitor streamflow and water levels in and around Wapato Lake NWR, apply the USGS Shoreline Management Tool (SMT), then construct and apply a water-budget-based Water Management Scenario Tool (WMST). The SMT was used to determine the spatial availability of different water depths (as potential habitat for different species) as a function of water level and other factors, based on topographic data. The WMST uses a water-budget approach to predict daily water levels, inflows, outflows, and areas of specific categories of water depth in the refuge over the course of a water year in response to a range of hydrologic and meteorological conditions and potential water-management strategies. In this study, two hypothetical water-management strategies were simulated to predict their effect on water levels and areas with specific water depths as an indicator of potential habitat. In the first scenario, several tributaries that had been diverted around the lakebed since the 1930s were reconnected to the lake, and an outflow weir was used to control lake level and to create a lake and seasonal wetlands of specific depths. In the second scenario, an outflow weir was combined with pumps to help meet target lake levels. Results showed that reconnecting the largest three tributaries to Wapato Lake would provide sufficient water to create a range of aquatic conditions in most years. For a median water year, rainfall and tributary flows in these scenarios provided 99 percent of total inputs to the lake, whereas pumping, weir outflows, and open-water evaporation
accounted for 95–97 percent of losses. Management of lake levels could be accomplished with a variable-elevation outflow weir or a combination of a weir and pumps. The lake would take longer to fill to a higher seasonal target level during a dry year. Without an outflow weir or other means of allowing water to flow out of the lake, the largest of two existing pumps would need to be used during late spring or early summer to attain a lower seasonal target water level in summer. High-water conditions downstream of Wapato Lake may prevent the use of a simple outflow weir, as historical downstream water levels in winter and spring sometimes were higher than the target water levels used in these scenarios. Water-budget-based methods applied in this study have proven to be valuable for the design and evaluation of potential restoration strategies at Wapato Lake NWR.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20205013","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Joint Water Commission","usgsCitation":"Rounds, S.A., Freed, T.Z., Snyder, D.T., Smith, C.D., Doyle, M.C., Holmes, E., Mykut, C., Mayer, T., Stockenberg, E., and Pilson, S.L., 2020, Evaluation of restoration alternatives using water-budget tools for the Wapato Lake National Wildlife Refuge, northwestern Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2020–5013, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20205013.","productDescription":"vi, 26 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-110975","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":373658,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5013/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":373659,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5013/sir20205013.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2020-5013"},{"id":399634,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_109890.htm"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Wapato Lake National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.1417,\n 45.4\n ],\n [\n -123.1083,\n 45.4\n ],\n [\n -123.1083,\n 45.4431\n ],\n [\n -123.1417,\n 45.4431\n ],\n [\n -123.1417,\n 45.4\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Oregon Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2130 SW 5th Avenue
Portland, Oregon 97201
Water is an important resource in the arid southwest region of the United States where there is a limited supply of surface water and groundwater. In the Death Valley regional groundwater flow system (DVRFS) in southern Nevada and eastern California, groundwater is the main source of supply for agricultural, commercial, and domestic water needs.
For over four decades, the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Nevada Water Science Center (NVWSC) has assisted environmental programs with the collection of hydrologic information within the DVRFS. Three hydrologic networks, managed in cooperation with local (Nye County, Nev., and Inyo County, Calif.) and federal (Bureau of Land Management, Fish and Wildlife Service, National Park Service, U.S. Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration) agencies, are used to actively monitor wells and springs in the region.
Director,
Nevada Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2730 N. Deer Run Road
Carson City, Nevada 89701
Records of discharge for the connecting channels within the Great Lakes Basin are important to national governments of Canada and the United States and the various water management agencies and users in the basin. For more than 100 years, the official discharge records for the St. Clair and Detroit Rivers, two connecting channels within the Great Lakes Basin, have been computed using various stage-fall-discharge (SFQ) methods. However, as a result of technological advancements, newer methods have recently been considered for discharge computations. In this study, three discharge computation methods were compared: two SFQ methods and the index-velocity discharge (IVQ) method. Although the two SFQ methods have significantly different assumptions and use different data from the index-velocity method, the differences between the computed discharges derived from the methods are small, especially as the time step approaches monthly discharge values. Statistical analyses of discharge measurements and discharges computed using each of these methods indicate that there is no substantive difference in the discharges computed using the three methods. However, the IVQ method provides distinct advantages over the SFQ methods, including increased temporal resolution of computed discharge (minutes versus daily) and the ability to account for changes caused by aquatic vegetation and ice. Based on the results of the comparisons described herein, the IVQ discharge computation method is the most appropriate method for discharge computation in the St. Clair and Detroit Rivers. Updated SFQ equations for the St. Clair and Detroit Rivers, also presented herein, can be used to compute discharge during periods of missing or invalid IVQ record.
Priority Geographic Area: Both within and outside US Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). California continental margin. This area includes and continues south of the geographic area captured in the Watt et al. white paper.
Description of Priority Area: The California continental margin, from the narrow shelf to abyssal depths, contains diverse seafloor features that influence benthic community types, biological connectivity, and is associated with significant seafloor geohazards. These complex features include marginal basins, depositional slopes, submarine canyons, ridges, and seamounts, and seep environments as a result of fluid seeps along active faults. Water column characteristics are variable, with steep gradients in current velocities, which influence sediment transport, from depositional fans (slow flow, muddy) to submarine canyons and seamounts (high currents, rocky, rugged terrain). These features and associated environments can influence the distribution of deep-sea habitats, including coral and sponge communities. South of the region described in the Watt et al. and Demopoulos et al. white papers, plentiful seeps occur from northern California down to the southern California Borderland. However, the underlying foundational geology associated with these seeps varies along the margin, changing with contrasting tectonic settings, from convergent tectonics to regions dominated by strike-slip faulting (Barry et al. 1996; Paull et al. 2008; Bernardo and Smith 2010; Maloney et al. 2015). For seeps located off southern California, the relationship to strike-slip fault systems may influence the distribution of seep fluid expulsion sites and associated seep habitats (Maloney et al. 2015; Grupe et al. 2015; Conrad et al., 2017), where transpression plays a key role in formation and localization of fluid seeps. Further exploration is required in order to understand these connections. Several submarine canyons intersect the shelf within this region, serving as important channels of energy and transport of sediment from shelf to slope depths. Canyons are typically associated with high currents, turbidity flows, steep and rugged terrain, and high food availability, all of which structures canyon communities and supports hotspots of biodiversity. Specific canyons along the California margin that have been well studied include Scripps and La Jolla Canyons off San Diego, and Monterey Canyon off Monterey, but many more remain relatively unexplored. Commercially important species of fish and invertebrates have been found associated with canyons, as well as deep-sea corals and sponges (e.g., Barry et al. 1996). However, in contrast to their Atlantic counterparts (e.g., through ACUMEN and ASPIRE campaigns) there has been a dearth of exploration and characterization of canyons along the California margin. A number of questions remain regarding canyon and slope wall stability and associated geohazards, plus, how the canyons connect and influence the broader regional biogeography of benthic communities is unknown. Due to their topography, seamounts along the California margin are characterized by steep slopes, large areas of rocky substrate, and high currents. Hydrological complexity is associated with seamounts given they impinge different watermasses, depending on depth range. This heterogeneity yields complex and diverse benthic communities, including commercially important fishes (e.g., Tracey et al., 2012). The geology of Davidson, Pioneer, San Juan, and Rodriquez Seamounts has received considerable study (e.g., Davis et al., 2010) but other seamounts are less known, including how they are biologically and ecologically connected. For example, research comparing the benthic communities associated with Rodriguez and San Juan Seamounts, located outside of the Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary and within the proposed Chumash Heritage National Marine Sanctuary, to communities found within the sanctuary is critical for managing and protecting resources within the sanctuary and modifying sanctuary boundaries. Exploration would yield the data needed to delineate and characterize essential fish habitats, and deep-sea coral and sponge communities, thus directly connecting the utility of exploration and discovery to decision making. The southern California Borderland is a geomorphologically heterogeneous area created by a complex network of faults, containing deep basins separated by shallow ridges and islands. Persistent fault-related deformation has created complex features, such as exposure of scarps and uplift rocks/ridges, seeps, erosional terraces, hydrate mounds, and mud volcanoes that provide support for thriving benthic communities. That said, significant oxygen minimum zones and low aragonite saturation states persist within several of the basin environments, influencing energy flow, community ecology, and calcification. For example, the combined effects of hypoxia and acidification pose serious threats to marine organisms and biological resources along the California margin. Mapping and exploration of the extensive faults and fault scarps can help constrain historical earthquake activity. But many questions remain regarding how the underlying geology and geological processes have shaped the biological communities.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Workshop to identify national ocean exploration priorities in the Pacific: White paper submissions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Consortium for Ocean Leadership","usgsCitation":"Demopoulos, A., Prouty, N.G., Brothers, D.S., Watt, J., Conrad, J.E., Chaytor, J., and Caldow, C., 2020, Mapping, exploration, and characterization of the California continental margin and associated features from the California-Oregon border to Ensenada, Mexico, in Workshop to identify national ocean exploration priorities in the Pacific: White paper submissions, p. 65-68.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"65","endPage":"68","ipdsId":"IP-121854","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":397461,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":397442,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://oceanleadership.org/discovery/ocean-exploration-pacific-priorities-workshop/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"continental margin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.20214843749999,\n 32.47269502206151\n ],\n [\n -117.1142578125,\n 33.687781758439364\n ],\n [\n -119.83886718750001,\n 34.77771580360469\n ],\n [\n -123.92578125,\n 43.100982876188546\n ],\n [\n -128.2763671875,\n 42.48830197960227\n ],\n [\n -124.4091796875,\n 31.98944183792288\n ],\n [\n -117.20214843749999,\n 32.47269502206151\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Demopoulos, Amanda 0000-0003-2096-4694","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2096-4694","contributorId":219234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Demopoulos","given":"Amanda","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prouty, Nancy G. 0000-0002-8922-0688 nprouty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8922-0688","contributorId":3350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prouty","given":"Nancy","email":"nprouty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brothers, Daniel S. 0000-0001-7702-157X dbrothers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7702-157X","contributorId":167089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brothers","given":"Daniel","email":"dbrothers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Watt, Janet 0000-0002-4759-3814","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4759-3814","contributorId":221271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watt","given":"Janet","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Conrad, James E. 0000-0001-6655-694X jconrad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6655-694X","contributorId":2316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrad","given":"James","email":"jconrad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Chaytor, Jason 0000-0001-8135-8677 jchaytor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8135-8677","contributorId":140095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaytor","given":"Jason","email":"jchaytor@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Caldow, Chris","contributorId":270136,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Caldow","given":"Chris","affiliations":[{"id":56094,"text":"NOAA, NOS, Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary, Santa Barbara, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70209230,"text":"sir20205017E - 2020 - Simulation of groundwater-level changes from projected groundwater withdrawals in the Truxton basin, northwestern Arizona","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70209230,"text":"sir20205017E - 2020 - Simulation of groundwater-level changes from projected groundwater withdrawals in the Truxton basin, northwestern Arizona","indexId":"sir20205017E","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"chapter":"E","displayTitle":"Simulation of Groundwater-Level Changes from Projected Groundwater Withdrawals in the Truxton Basin, Northern Arizona","title":"Simulation of groundwater-level changes from projected groundwater withdrawals in the Truxton basin, northwestern Arizona"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70209317,"text":"sir20205017 - 2020 - Geophysical surveys, hydrogeologic characterization, and groundwater flow model for the Truxton basin and Hualapai Plateau, northwestern Arizona","indexId":"sir20205017","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"title":"Geophysical surveys, hydrogeologic characterization, and groundwater flow model for the Truxton basin and Hualapai Plateau, northwestern Arizona"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70209317,"text":"sir20205017 - 2020 - Geophysical surveys, hydrogeologic characterization, and groundwater flow model for the Truxton basin and Hualapai Plateau, northwestern Arizona","indexId":"sir20205017","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"title":"Geophysical surveys, hydrogeologic characterization, and groundwater flow model for the Truxton basin and Hualapai Plateau, northwestern Arizona"},"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-26T15:56:23.623695","indexId":"sir20205017E","displayToPublicDate":"2020-03-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2020-5017","chapter":"E","displayTitle":"Simulation of Groundwater-Level Changes from Projected Groundwater Withdrawals in the Truxton Basin, Northern Arizona","title":"Simulation of groundwater-level changes from projected groundwater withdrawals in the Truxton basin, northwestern Arizona","docAbstract":"A three-dimensional, numerical groundwater flow model of the Hualapai Plateau and Truxton basin was developed to assist water-resource managers in understanding the potential effects of projected groundwater withdrawals on groundwater levels and storage in the basin. The Truxton Basin Hydrologic Model (TBHM) is a transient model that simulates the hydrologic system for the years 1976 through 2139, including hypothetical low-, medium-, and high-groundwater withdrawal scenarios beginning in 2020. The simulated effects of these withdrawal scenarios are presented as groundwater-level changes from the year 2020 to 2070, and from 2020 to 2140. Hydrologic properties in the TBHM are derived from calibration of a steady-state model of the predevelopment (before 1976) groundwater system. The future pumping scenarios are each simulated with three different interpretations of basin depth supported by geophysical data. For each of the resulting nine transient models, a Monte Carlo approach is used to produce a range of possible and probable groundwater-level changes at points throughout the basin given probabilistic ranges of hydrologically reasonable aquifer property values supported by the model calibration results. The ensemble of models that simulate the future pumping scenarios include pumping from the existing well field (three wells) plus additional pumping from a proposed new well. Simulated high future pumping increases progressively to 1,840 acre-feet per year in 2120 and produces a range of drawdowns between 20 and 39 feet (ft) near the pumping center, with a median drawdown of 28 ft. The low future pumping scenario, which increases progressively to 650 acre-ft per year in 2120, produces a range of drawdowns between 5 and 15 ft, with a median drawdown of 10 ft at the same location over the same period of time.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20205017E","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Knight, J.E., 2020, Simulation of groundwater-level changes from projected groundwater withdrawals in the Truxton basin, northwestern Arizona, chap. E of Mason, J.P., ed., Geophysical surveys, hydrogeologic characterization, and groundwater flow model for the Truxton basin and Hualapai Plateau, northwestern Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2020–5017, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20205017E.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 39 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-108383","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":399689,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_109887.htm"},{"id":373648,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9O2WGLS","linkHelpText":"MODFLOW-NWT groundwater model used for simulating potential future pumping scenarios and forecasting associated groundwater-level changes in the Truxton aquifer on the Hualapai Reservation and adjacent areas, Mohave County, Arizona"},{"id":373647,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5017/e/sir20205017_chap_e.pdf","text":"Report","size":"12 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2020-5017 Chapter E"},{"id":373504,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5017/e/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Truxton basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.05,\n 35.2403\n ],\n [\n -113.18,\n 35.2403\n ],\n [\n -113.18,\n 36.1656\n ],\n [\n -114.05,\n 36.1656\n ],\n [\n -114.05,\n 35.2403\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director,
Arizona Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
520 N. Park Avenue
Tucson, AZ 85719
The geology of northwestern Arizona is prominently displayed on the canyon and cliff walls that compose the high-desert landscape of the Hualapai Plateau and that border the Truxton basin. The Truxton basin is a small topographic basin filled with Quaternary and Tertiary deposits and volcanic rock (about 1,600 feet thick near Truxton, Arizona) that overlie Proterozoic crystalline metamorphic rocks in the west or Cambrian sedimentary rocks in the east. The Hualapai Plateau is a large block of Paleozoic-age sedimentary rocks that are dissected by many deep canyons. Most surface-water drainages in the Truxton basin and Hualapai Plateau are ephemeral and flow only in response to significant precipitation events, but a few drainages have perennial reaches that are supported by groundwater discharge from springs. Saturated basin-fill sediments in the Truxton basin compose the Truxton aquifer, which is currently used as a water supply for the community of Peach Springs, Arizona, and supplies a small number of livestock and domestic wells. Usable groundwater on the Hualapai Plateau is in either perched water-bearing zones close to land surface or in the Muav Limestone aquifer at depths of greater than 2,000 feet below land surface. To date, only two test wells have been drilled through the Muav Limestone on the Hualapai Plateau, and neither of those wells encountered water in the limestone, indicating the unit is not saturated in all areas of the plateau.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20205017B","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Mason, J.P., Bills, D.J., and Macy, J.P., 2020, Geology and hydrology of the Truxton basin and Hualapai Plateau, northwestern Arizona, chap. B of Mason, J.P., ed., Geophysical surveys, hydrogeologic characterization, and groundwater flow model for the Truxton basin and Hualapai Plateau, northwestern Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2020–5017, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20205017B.","productDescription":"iv, 9 p.","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-115098","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":373640,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5017/b/sir20205017_chap_b.pdf","text":"Report","size":"21 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2020-5017 Chapter B"},{"id":399685,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_109884.htm"},{"id":373501,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5017/b/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Hualapai Plateau, Truxton Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.2125,\n 35.2281\n ],\n [\n -113.0603,\n 35.2281\n ],\n [\n -113.0603,\n 36.2139\n ],\n [\n -114.2125,\n 36.2139\n ],\n [\n -114.2125,\n 35.2281\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director,
Arizona Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
520 N. Park Avenue
Tucson, AZ 85719
Droughts in Africa cause severe problems, such as crop failure, food shortages, famine, epidemics and even mass migration. To minimize the effects of drought on water and food security on Africa, a high-resolution drought dataset is essential to establish robust drought hazard probabilities and to assess drought vulnerability considering a multi- and cross-sectional perspective that includes crops, hydrological systems, rangeland and environmental systems. Such assessments are essential for policymakers, their advisors and other stakeholders to respond to the pressing humanitarian issues caused by these environmental hazards. In this study, a high spatial resolution Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) drought dataset is presented to support these assessments. We compute historical SPEI data based on Climate Hazards group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS) precipitation estimates and Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model (GLEAM) potential evaporation estimates. The high-resolution SPEI dataset (SPEI-HR) presented here spans from 1981 to 2016 (36 years) with 5 km spatial resolution over the whole of Africa. To facilitate the diagnosis of droughts of different durations, accumulation periods from 1 to 48 months are provided. The quality of the resulting dataset was compared with coarse-resolution SPEI based on Climatic Research Unit (CRU) Time Series (TS) datasets, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) calculated from the Global Inventory Monitoring and Modeling System (GIMMS) project and root zone soil moisture modelled by GLEAM. Agreement found between coarse-resolution SPEI from CRU TS (SPEI-CRU) and the developed SPEI-HR provides confidence in the estimation of temporal and spatial variability of droughts in Africa with SPEI-HR. In addition, agreement of SPEI-HR versus NDVI and root zone soil moisture – with an average correlation coefficient (R) of 0.54 and 0.77, respectively – further implies that SPEI-HR can provide valuable information for the study of drought-related processes and societal impacts at sub-basin and district scales in Africa. The dataset is archived in Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA) via the following link: https://doi.org/10.5285/bbdfd09a04304158b366777eba0d2aeb (Peng et al., 2019a).
","language":"English","doi":"10.5194/essd-12-753-2020","usgsCitation":"Peng, J., Dawdson, S., Hirpa, F., Dyer, E., Vicento-Serrano, S., and Funk, C., 2020, A pan-African high-resolution drought index dataset: Earth System Science Data, v. 12, no. 1, p. 753-769, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-753-2020.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"753","endPage":"769","ipdsId":"IP-111573","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":457233,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-753-2020","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":398683,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Africa","volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peng, Jian","contributorId":223712,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peng","given":"Jian","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40756,"text":"Oxford","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":795416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dawdson, Simon","contributorId":223713,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dawdson","given":"Simon","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40757,"text":"Max Planck Institute for Meteorology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":795417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hirpa, Firaya","contributorId":223714,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hirpa","given":"Firaya","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40758,"text":"Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":795418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dyer, Ellen","contributorId":223715,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dyer","given":"Ellen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27567,"text":"Ghent University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":795419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vicento-Serrano, Sergio","contributorId":223716,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vicento-Serrano","given":"Sergio","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40759,"text":"Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPE-CSIC) Zaragoza, Spain","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":795420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Funk, Chris 0000-0002-9254-6718 cfunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9254-6718","contributorId":167070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Funk","given":"Chris","email":"cfunk@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":795421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70220206,"text":"70220206 - 2020 - Hillslope groundwater discharges provide localized ecosystem buffers from regional PFAS contamination in a gaining coastal stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-27T13:19:56.792469","indexId":"70220206","displayToPublicDate":"2020-03-29T08:04:39","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hillslope groundwater discharges provide localized ecosystem buffers from regional PFAS contamination in a gaining coastal stream","docAbstract":"Emerging groundwater contaminants such as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) may impact surface-water quality and groundwater-dependent ecosystems of gaining streams. Although complex near-surface hydrogeology of stream corridors challenges sampling efforts, recent advances in heat tracing of discharge zones enable efficient and informed data collection. For this study we used a combination of streambed temperature push-probe and thermal infrared methods to guide a discharge-zone-oriented sample collection along approximately 6 km of a coastal trout stream on Cape Cod, MA where groundwater discharge constitutes approximately 95% of total streamflow. Eight surface-water locations and discharging groundwater from 24 streambed and bank seepages were analyzed for dissolved oxygen, specific conductance, stable water isotopes, and a range of PFAS compounds which are contaminants of emerging concern in aquatic environments. The results indicate a complex system of groundwater discharge source flowpaths, where the sum of concentrations of six PFAS compounds (Environmental Protection Agency third Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule UCMR 3) showed a median concentration of 52 331 (SD) ng/L with two higher outliers and three discharges with non-detection of PFAS. Higher UCMR 3 PFAS concentration was related -0.66 (Spearman Rank, p<0.001) to discharging groundwater that showed an evaporative signature (deuterium excess), indicating flow through at least one upgradient kettle lake. Therefore, more regional groundwater flowpaths originating from outside the local river corridor tended to show higher PFAS concentrations as evaluated at their respective discharge zones. Conversely, UCMR 3 PFAS concentrations were typically low at discharges that did not indicate evaporation and were adjacent to steep hillslopes and, therefore, were classified as locally recharged groundwater. Previous research at this stream found that the native brook trout favor discharge points of groundwater recharged on local hillslopes for spawning, likely in response to generally higher levels of dissolved oxygen compared to discharge zones located further away from hillslopes. Our study shows that the trout may thereby be avoiding emerging contaminants such as PFAS in groundwater recharged farther from the stream.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.13752","usgsCitation":"Briggs, M.A., Tokranov, A.K., Hull, R.B., LeBlanc, D.R., Haynes, A., and Lane, J., 2020, Hillslope groundwater discharges provide localized ecosystem buffers from regional PFAS contamination in a gaining coastal stream: Hydrological Processes, v. 34, no. 10, p. 2281-2291, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.13752.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2281","endPage":"2291","ipdsId":"IP-117276","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385320,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Cape Cod, Quashnet River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.24932861328125,\n 42.06356771883277\n ],\n [\n -70.2081298828125,\n 42.02481360781777\n ],\n [\n -70.1806640625,\n 42.01665183556825\n ],\n [\n -70.16693115234375,\n 42.032974332441405\n ],\n [\n -70.18890380859375,\n 42.04317376494972\n ],\n [\n -70.16143798828125,\n 42.06356771883277\n ],\n [\n -70.11199951171875,\n 42.04113400940807\n ],\n [\n -70.07904052734375,\n 41.92475971933975\n ],\n [\n -70.0653076171875,\n 41.89818843043047\n ],\n [\n -70.0543212890625,\n 41.920672548686824\n ],\n [\n -70.02960205078125,\n 41.92271616673922\n ],\n [\n -70.0213623046875,\n 41.887965758804484\n ],\n [\n -70.00762939453125,\n 41.81021999190292\n ],\n [\n -70.07080078125,\n 41.777456667491066\n ],\n [\n -70.125732421875,\n 41.76106872528616\n ],\n [\n -70.16693115234375,\n 41.75492216766298\n ],\n [\n -70.20263671875,\n 41.748775021355044\n ],\n [\n -70.257568359375,\n 41.7180304600481\n ],\n [\n -70.279541015625,\n 41.72828028223453\n ],\n [\n -70.345458984375,\n 41.74262728637672\n ],\n [\n -70.44158935546875,\n 41.75287318430239\n ],\n [\n -70.49102783203125,\n 41.77336007442076\n ],\n [\n -70.55145263671875,\n 41.775408403663285\n ],\n [\n -70.587158203125,\n 41.748775021355044\n ],\n [\n -70.6201171875,\n 41.73647896274239\n ],\n [\n -70.65582275390625,\n 41.68316883525891\n ],\n [\n -70.6475830078125,\n 41.64213096472801\n ],\n [\n -70.653076171875,\n 41.60312076451184\n ],\n [\n -70.64208984375,\n 41.57436130598913\n ],\n [\n -70.78765869140625,\n 41.47771800887871\n ],\n [\n -70.94146728515625,\n 41.42625319507269\n ],\n [\n -70.94970703125,\n 41.409775832009565\n ],\n [\n -70.86181640625,\n 41.41801503608024\n ],\n [\n -70.784912109375,\n 41.4509614012039\n ],\n [\n -70.653076171875,\n 41.51680395810118\n ],\n [\n -70.6201171875,\n 41.541477666790286\n ],\n [\n -70.5487060546875,\n 41.53531012183376\n ],\n [\n -70.48828125,\n 41.54764462357737\n ],\n [\n -70.4443359375,\n 41.588742636696765\n ],\n [\n -70.43060302734375,\n 41.60517452129933\n ],\n [\n -70.39764404296875,\n 41.60722821271717\n ],\n [\n -70.367431640625,\n 41.61749568924243\n ],\n [\n -70.3125,\n 41.6257084937525\n ],\n [\n -70.26580810546875,\n 41.60928183876483\n ],\n [\n -70.24108886718749,\n 41.6257084937525\n ],\n [\n -70.17791748046875,\n 41.65239288426814\n ],\n [\n -70.13946533203124,\n 41.65034063112266\n ],\n [\n -70.06805419921875,\n 41.66470503009207\n ],\n [\n -70.015869140625,\n 41.668808555620586\n ],\n [\n -69.98016357421875,\n 41.65239288426814\n ],\n [\n -70.0103759765625,\n 41.566141964768384\n ],\n [\n -70.0103759765625,\n 41.539421883822854\n ],\n [\n -69.9884033203125,\n 41.54764462357737\n ],\n [\n -69.98016357421875,\n 41.59490508367679\n ],\n [\n -69.92523193359375,\n 41.68316883525891\n ],\n [\n -69.93072509765625,\n 41.81431422987254\n ],\n [\n -69.97467041015625,\n 41.94927724511655\n ],\n [\n -70.048828125,\n 42.039094188385945\n ],\n [\n -70.13397216796875,\n 42.07783959017503\n ],\n [\n -70.21087646484375,\n 42.08803181932636\n ],\n [\n -70.24932861328125,\n 42.06356771883277\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-04-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Briggs, Martin A. 0000-0003-3206-4132 mbriggs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3206-4132","contributorId":4114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Martin","email":"mbriggs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tokranov, Andrea K. 0000-0003-4811-8641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4811-8641","contributorId":255483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tokranov","given":"Andrea","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hull, Robert B. 0000-0002-0216-5250","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0216-5250","contributorId":215569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hull","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"LeBlanc, Denis R. 0000-0002-4646-2628","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4646-2628","contributorId":219907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeBlanc","given":"Denis","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":38175,"text":"Toxics Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Haynes, A.","contributorId":257634,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haynes","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36710,"text":"University of Connecticut","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lane, John W. Jr. 0000-0002-3558-243X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3558-243X","contributorId":210076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"John W.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70210380,"text":"70210380 - 2020 - Climatically driven displacement on the Eglington fault, Las Vegas, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-02T13:53:01.204552","indexId":"70210380","displayToPublicDate":"2020-03-27T08:38:01","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climatically driven displacement on the Eglington fault, Las Vegas, Nevada","docAbstract":"The Eglington fault is one of several intrabasinal faults in the Las Vegas Valley, Nevada and is the only one recognized as a source for significant earthquakes. Its broad warp displaces late Pleistocene paleo-spring deposits of the Las Vegas Formation, which record hydrologic fluctuations that occurred in response to millennial and submillennial-scale climate oscillations throughout the late Quaternary. The sediments allow us to constrain the timing of displacement on the Eglington fault and identify hydrologic changes that are temporally coincident with that event. The fault warps deposits that represent widespread marshes that filled the valley between 31.7 and 27.6 ka. These marshes desiccated abruptly in response to warming and groundwater lowering during Dansgaard-Oeschger (D-O) events 4 and 3, resulting in the formation of a pervasive, hard carbonate cap by 27.0 ka. Vertical offset by as much as 4.2 meters occurred after the cap hardened, and most likely after younger marshes desiccated irreversibly due to a sudden depression of the water table during D-O 2, beginning at 23.3 ka. The timing of displacement is further constrained to before 19.5 ka as evidenced by undeformed spring deposits that are inset into the incised topography of the warp. Coulomb stress calculations validate the hypothesis that the significant groundwater decline during D-O 2 triggered fault displacement through unloading of vertical stress of the water column. The synchroneity of this abrupt hydrologic change and warping on the Eglington fault suggests that climatically modulated tectonics operated in the Las Vegas Valley during the late Quaternary.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/G47162.1","usgsCitation":"Springer, K.B., and Pigati, J.S., 2020, Climatically driven displacement on the Eglington fault, Las Vegas, Nevada: Geology, v. 48, no. 6, p. 574-578, https://doi.org/10.1130/G47162.1.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"574","endPage":"578","ipdsId":"IP-115161","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":437048,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9BTB41W","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data release for Climatically driven displacement on the Eglington fault, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA"},{"id":375244,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","city":"Las Vegas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.60913085937499,\n 35.9157474194997\n ],\n [\n -114.82910156249999,\n 35.9157474194997\n ],\n [\n -114.82910156249999,\n 36.41244153535644\n ],\n [\n -115.60913085937499,\n 36.41244153535644\n ],\n [\n -115.60913085937499,\n 35.9157474194997\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"48","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-03-27","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Springer, Kathleen B. 0000-0002-2404-0264 kspringer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2404-0264","contributorId":149826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Springer","given":"Kathleen","email":"kspringer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":790104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pigati, Jeffrey S. 0000-0001-5843-6219 jpigati@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5843-6219","contributorId":201167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pigati","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jpigati@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":790105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70208684,"text":"sir20205008 - 2020 - Effects of huisache removal on rangeland evapotranspiration in Victoria County, south-central Texas, 2015–18","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-25T21:19:00.19189","indexId":"sir20205008","displayToPublicDate":"2020-03-26T09:18:33","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2020-5008","displayTitle":"Effects of Huisache Removal on Rangeland Evapotranspiration in Victoria County, South-Central Texas, 2015–18","title":"Effects of huisache removal on rangeland evapotranspiration in Victoria County, south-central Texas, 2015–18","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey and Desert Research Institute, in cooperation with the Natural Resources Conservation Service, Texas State Soil and Water Conservation Board, Victoria County Groundwater Conservation District, Victoria Soil and Water Conservation District, and the San Antonio River Authority, evaluated the hydrologic effects of Vachellia farnesiana var. farnesiana (huisache) removal on rangeland evapotranspiration in Victoria County, Texas. Measurements of evapotranspiration, rainfall, and related properties were made at two sites during March 2015 through August 2018. One site was predominantly grassland. The other site was dominated by dense huisache vegetation that was removed about halfway through the study period. The resulting evapotranspiration data were examined for differences between the locations and differences between the pre-removal (2015–16) and post-removal (2017–18) periods to assess the effects of huisache removal on evapotranspiration. Evapotranspiration measurements were made using the eddy-covariance technique and were supplemented by remote-sensing estimates of evapotranspiration derived from thermal and optical satellite images. A map of remotely sensed evapotranspiration was generated for the area surrounding the study sites for 2015 and demonstrates the capability of remote sensing to evaluate land-management effects on evapotranspiration for larger scale areas, such as a county or stream-basin area.
During the pre-removal period (March 2015–December 2016), evapotranspiration was greater at the huisache site than at the grassland site. Evapotranspiration at the grassland site (average of the eddy-covariance evapotranspiration and average remotely sensed evapotranspiration) was 87.6 millimeters per month (mm/mo) and at the huisache site was 100.8 mm/mo, with the differences in evapotranspiration rates being attributed to the difference in site vegetation. After huisache was removed in January 2017, evapotranspiration at the huisache site was substantially lower than at the grassland site, the changes in evapotranspiration rates being attributed not only to removal of huisache vegetation but also to possible disruption of soil runoff and infiltration characteristics. During the post-removal period (February 2017–August 2018), evapotranspiration was 88.5 mm/mo at the grassland site and 72.9 mm/mo at the huisache site (average of the eddy-covariance and average remotely sensed evapotranspiration).
The monthly differences in evapotranspiration between the grassland and huisache sites, determined by eddy-covariance and remote-sensing methods, were statistically significant between the pre-removal and post-removal periods. Also, the pre-removal period provided the best conditions to evaluate the differences between huisache site and grassland site evapotranspiration. During the pre-removal period, evapotranspiration from the huisache site as measured by the eddy-covariance method was, on average, 10.7 mm/mo greater than evapotranspiration measured at the grassland site. As determined by the average of the remotely sensed methods, huisache site evapotranspiration was 15.8 mm/mo greater than grassland site evapotranspiration. These average differences in evapotranspiration rates by the two methods indicate that evapotranspiration at the grassland site was, on average, 13.2 mm/mo less than that at the huisache site during the pre-removal period. This average difference in evapotranspiration rates also indicates potential increased groundwater recharge and (or) surface-water runoff at the grassland site.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20205008","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Natural Resources Conservation Service, Texas State Soil and Water Conservation Board, Victoria County Groundwater Conservation District, Victoria Soil and Water Conservation District, and the San Antonio River Authority","usgsCitation":"Slattery, R.N., Ockerman, D.J., Bromley, M., Huntington, J., and Banta, J.R., 2020, Effects of huisache removal on rangeland evapotranspiration in Victoria County, south-central Texas, 2015–18: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2020–5008, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20205008.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 27 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-113663","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":399630,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1505 Ferguson Lane
Austin, TX 78754–4501
The Boone and Roubidoux aquifers (or their equivalents) are the main sources of fresh groundwater in northeastern Oklahoma. Projected total water demand of both surface water and groundwater in northeastern Oklahoma is expected to increase approximately 56 percent from 2010 to 2060. This report provides an overview of the hydrogeology of northeastern Oklahoma, with an emphasis on the hydrogeologic units composing and surrounding the Boone and Roubidoux aquifers (the Western Interior Plains confining unit, the Boone aquifer, the Ozark confining unit, and the Roubidoux aquifer). This report also provides the hydrogeologic framework for an ongoing (as of 2020) hydrologic investigation to aid the Oklahoma Water Resources Board in determining the maximum annual yields of the Boone and Roubidoux aquifers. As a first step of this ongoing hydrologic investigation, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Oklahoma Water Resources Board and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, developed hydrogeologic-unit maps, contour maps for the bases of the four hydrogeologic units, and generalized cross sections to further characterize the hydrogeologic framework of the Boone and Roubidoux aquifers. The contour maps illustrate the altitudes of the bases of each hydrogeologic unit. The altitude of the base of the Western Interior Plains confining unit ranged from 1,316 to −6,437 feet (ft) relative to North American Vertical Datum of 1988. The altitude of the base of the Boone aquifer ranged from 1,327 to −6,681 ft. The altitude of the base of the Ozark confining unit ranged from 1,275 to −6,720 ft. The altitude of the base of the Roubidoux aquifer ranged from 403 to −9,488 ft.
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U.S. Geological Survey
1505 Ferguson Lane
Austin, TX 78754–4501