{"pageNumber":"59","pageRowStart":"1450","pageSize":"25","recordCount":1769,"records":[{"id":70017716,"text":"70017716 - 1993 - Effects of agricultural nutrient management on nitrogen fate and transport in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-19T11:48:57","indexId":"70017716","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3718,"text":"Water Resources Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-1370","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of agricultural nutrient management on nitrogen fate and transport in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Nitrogen inputs to, and outputs from, a 55-acre site in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, were estimated to determine the pathways and relative magnitude of loads of nitrogen entering and leaving the site, and to compare the loads of nitrogen before and after the implementation of nutrient management. Inputs of nitrogen to the site were manure fertilizer, commercial fertilizer, nitrogen in precipitation, and nitrogen in ground-water inflow; and these sources averaged 93, 4, 2, and 1 percent of average annual nitrogen additions, respectively. Outputs of nitrogen from the site were nitrogen in harvested crops, loads of nitrogen in surface runoff, volatilization of nitrogen, and loads of nitrogen in ground-water discharge, which averaged 37, less than 1,25, and 38 percent of average annual nitrogen removals from the site, respectively. Virtually all of the nitrogen leaving the site that was not removed in harvested crops or by volatilization was discharged in the ground water. Applications of manure and fertilizer nitrogen to 47.5 acres of cropped fields decreased about 33 percent, from an average of 22,700 pounds per year (480 pounds per acre per year) before nutrient management to 15,175 pounds of nitrogen per year (320 pounds per acre per year) after the implementation of nutrient management practices. Nitrogen loads in ground-water discharged from the site decreased about 30 percent, from an average of 292 pounds of nitrogen per million gallons of ground water before nutrient management to an average of 203 pounds of nitrogen per million gallons as a result of the decreased manure and commercial fertilizer applications. Reductions in manure and commercial fertilizer applications caused a reduction of approximately 11,000 pounds (3,760 pounds per year, 70 pounds per acre per year) in the load of nitrogen discharged in ground water from the 55-acre site during the three-year period 1987-1990.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1993.tb01504.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"Hall, D.W., and Risser, D.W., 1993, Effects of agricultural nutrient management on nitrogen fate and transport in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 29, no. 1, p. 55-76, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1993.tb01504.x.","startPage":"55","endPage":"76","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267702,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1993.tb01504.x"},{"id":228576,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0681e4b0c8380cd51293","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hall, D. W.","contributorId":106528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Risser, D. W.","contributorId":48211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risser","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017337,"text":"70017337 - 1993 - Relations of ammonium minerals at several hydrothermal systems in the western U.S.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:48","indexId":"70017337","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relations of ammonium minerals at several hydrothermal systems in the western U.S.","docAbstract":"Ammonium bound to silicate and sulfate minerals has recently been located at several major hydrothermal systems in the western U.S. utilizing newly-discovered near-infrared spectral properties. Knowledge of the origin and mineralogic relations of ammonium minerals at known hydrothermal systems is critical for the proper interpretation of remote sensing data and for testing of possible links to mineralization. Submicroscopic analysis of ammonium minerals from two mercury- and gold-bearing hot-springs deposits at Ivanhoe, Nevada and McLaughlin, California shows that the ammonium feldspar, buddingtonite, occurs as fine-grained euhedral crystals coating larger sulfide and quartz crystals. Ammonium feldspar seems to precipitate relatively late in the crystallization sequence and shows evidence for replacement of NH4+ by K+ or other monovalent cations. Some buddingtonite is observed in close association with mercury, but not with gold. Ammonioalunite is found in a variety of isolated crystal forms at both deposits. Nitrogen isotopic values for ammonium-bearing minerals show a 14??? range in composition, precluding assignment of a specific provenance to the nitrogen. The correlations of nitrogen isotopic values with depth and ammonium content suggest some loss of nitrogen in the oxidizing supergene environment, possibly as a metastable mineral. The high ammonium content in these hydrothermal systems, the close association to mercury, and the small crystal size of the ammonium-bearing minerals all suggest that ammonium may be transported in a late-stage vapor phase or as an organic volatile. Such a process could lead to the formation of a non-carbonaceous organic aureole above a buried geothermal source. The discovery of a 10-km outcrop of ammonium minerals confirms that significant substitution of ammonium in minerals is possible over an extensive area and that remote sensing is a feasible means to detect such aureoles. ?? 1993.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Krohn, M.D., Kendall, C., Evans, J., and Fries, T.L., 1993, Relations of ammonium minerals at several hydrothermal systems in the western U.S.: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 56, no. 4, p. 401-413.","startPage":"401","endPage":"413","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224835,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a711e4b0e8fec6cdc36f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krohn, M. D.","contributorId":51250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krohn","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kendall, C. 0000-0002-0247-3405","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":35050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evans, J.R.","contributorId":50526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fries, T. L.","contributorId":12053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fries","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70017403,"text":"70017403 - 1993 - Bimodal Density Distribution of Cryptodome Dacite from the 1980 Eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:56","indexId":"70017403","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bimodal Density Distribution of Cryptodome Dacite from the 1980 Eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington","docAbstract":"The explosion of a cryptodome at Mount St. Helens in 1980 produced two juvenile rock types that are derived from the same source magma. Their differences-color, texture and density-are due only to vesicularity differences. The vesicular gray dacite comprises bout 72% of the juvenile material; the black dacite comprises the other 28%. The density of juvenile dacite is bimodally distributed, with peaks at 1.6 g cm-3 (gray dacite) and 2.3 g cm-3 (black dacite). Water contents, deuterium abundances, and the relationship of petrographic structures to vapor-phase crystals indicate both rock types underwent pre-explosion subsurface vesiculation and degassing. The gray dacite underwent a second vesiculation event, probably during the 18 May explosion. In the subsurface, gases probably escaped through interconnected vesicles into the permeable volcanic edifice. We suggest that nonuniform degassing of an initially homogeneous magma produced volatile gradients in the cryptodome and that these gradients were responsible for the density bimodality. That is, water contents less than about 0.2-0.4 wt% produced vesicle growth rates that were slow in comparison to the pyroclast cooling rates; greater water contents produced vesicle growth rates that were fast in comparison to cooling rates. In this scheme, the dacite densities are bimodally distributed simply because, following decompression on 18 May 1980, one clast population vesiculated while the other did not. For clasts that did vesiculate, vesicle growth continued until it was arrested by fragmentation. ?? 1993 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Volcanology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00302002","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Hoblitt, R., and Harmon, R., 1993, Bimodal Density Distribution of Cryptodome Dacite from the 1980 Eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 55, no. 6, p. 421-437, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00302002.","startPage":"421","endPage":"437","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229062,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206183,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00302002"}],"volume":"55","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f132e4b0c8380cd4aab3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoblitt, R.","contributorId":89536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoblitt","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harmon, R.S.","contributorId":6585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harmon","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017429,"text":"70017429 - 1993 - Sedimentary sulfur geochemistry of the Paleogene Green River Formation, western USA: Implications for interpreting depositional and diagenetic processes in saline alkaline lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-01T17:47:42.26043","indexId":"70017429","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sedimentary sulfur geochemistry of the Paleogene Green River Formation, western USA: Implications for interpreting depositional and diagenetic processes in saline alkaline lakes","docAbstract":"

The sulfur geochemistry of the lacustrine Paleogene Green River Formation (Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming, USA) is unlike that of most marine and other lacustrine rocks. Distinctive chemical, isotopic, and mineralogical characteristics of the formation are pyrrhotite and marcasite, high contents of iron mineral sulfides strikingly enriched in34S, cyclical trends in sulfur abundance and δ34S values, and long-term evolutionary trends in δ34S values. Analyses that identified and quantified these characteristics include carbonate-free abundance of organic carbon (0.13–47 wt%), total iron (0.31–13 wt%), reactive iron (>70% of total iron), total sulfur (0.02–16 wt%), acid-volatile monosulfide (SAv), disulfide (SDi > 70% of total sulfur), sulfate (SSO4) and organosulfur (SOrg); isotopic composition of separated sulfur phases (δ34SDi,Av up to +49‰); and mineralogy, morphology and paragenesis of sulfide minerals.

Mineralogy, morphology, δ34SDi,Av, and δ34SOrg have a distinctive relation, reflecting variable and unique depositional and early diagenetic conditions in the Green River lakes. When the lakes were brackish, dissimilatory sulfate-reducing bacteria in the sediment produced H2S, which initially reacted with labile iron to form pyrite framboids and more gradually with organic matter to form organosulfur compounds. During a long-lived stage of saline lake water, the amount of sulfate supplied by inflow decreased and alkalinity and pH of lake waters increased substantially. Extensive bacterial sulfate reduction in the water column kept lake waters undersaturated with sulfate minerals. A very high H2S:SO4 ratio developed in stagnant bottom water aided by the high pH that kinetically inhibited iron sulfidization. Progressive removal of H2S by coeval formation of iron sulfides and organosulfur compounds caused the isotopic composition of the entire dissolved sulfur reservoir to evolve to δ34S values much greater than that of inflow sulfate, which is estimated to have been +20‰ A six-million-year interval within Lake Uinta cores records this evolution as well as smaller systematic changes in δ34S, interpreted to reflect ~ 100,000-year lake-level cycles. When porewater was exceptionally reducing, unstable FeS phases eventually recrystallized to pyrrhotite during diagenesis. A much later reaction related to weathering altered pyrrhotite to marcasite.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(93)90291-4","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Tuttle, M.L., and Goldhaber, M., 1993, Sedimentary sulfur geochemistry of the Paleogene Green River Formation, western USA: Implications for interpreting depositional and diagenetic processes in saline alkaline lakes: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 57, no. 13, p. 3023-3039, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(93)90291-4.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"3023","endPage":"3039","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228795,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8a41e4b08c986b3170e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tuttle, M. L.","contributorId":71992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tuttle","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldhaber, M. B. 0000-0002-1785-4243","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1785-4243","contributorId":103280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldhaber","given":"M. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70018010,"text":"70018010 - 1993 - Sampling and major element chemistry of the recent (A.D. 1631-1944) Vesuvius activity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:55","indexId":"70018010","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sampling and major element chemistry of the recent (A.D. 1631-1944) Vesuvius activity","docAbstract":"Detailed sampling of the Vesuvius lavas erupted in the period A.D. 1631-1944 provides a suite of samples for comprehensive chemical analyses and related studies. Major elements (Si, Ti, Al, Fetotal, Mn, Mg, Ca, Na, K and P), volatile species (Cl, F, S, H2O+, H2O- and CO2), and ferrous iron (Fe2+) were determined for one hundred and forty-nine lavas and five tephra from the A.D. 1631-1944 Vesuvius activity. The lavas represent a relatively homogeneous suite with respect to SiO2, TiO2, FeOtotal, MnO and P2O5, but show systematic variations among MgO, K2O, Na2O, Al2O3 and CaO. The average SiO2 content is 48.0 wt.% and the rocks are classified as tephriphonolites according to their content of alkalis. All of the lavas are silica-undersaturated and are nepheline, leucite, and olivine normative. There is no systematic variation in major-element composition with time, over the period A.D. 1631-1944. The inter-eruption and intra-eruption compositional differences are the same magnitude. The lavas are highly porphyritic with clinopyroxene and leucite as the major phases. Fractionation effects are not reflected in the silica content of the lavas. The variability of MgO, K2O, Na2O, and CaO can be modelled as a relative depletion or accumulation of clinopyroxene. ?? 1993.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Belkin, H., Kilburn, C., and de Vivo, B., 1993, Sampling and major element chemistry of the recent (A.D. 1631-1944) Vesuvius activity: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 58, no. 1-4, p. 273-290.","startPage":"273","endPage":"290","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229053,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ab06ee4b0c8380cd87adf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belkin, H. E. 0000-0001-7879-6529","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7879-6529","contributorId":38160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belkin","given":"H. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kilburn, C.R.J.","contributorId":102653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kilburn","given":"C.R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"de Vivo, B.","contributorId":50549,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"de Vivo","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70017491,"text":"70017491 - 1993 - The analysis of forms of sulfur in ancient sediments and sedimentary rocks: comments and cautions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-20T18:47:59","indexId":"70017491","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The analysis of forms of sulfur in ancient sediments and sedimentary rocks: comments and cautions","docAbstract":"Assumptions commonly made during analysis of the amount of monosulfides [acid-volatile sulfides (AVS)] and disulfides in modern sediments, may not be valid for ancient sedimentary rocks. It is known that ferric iron can oxidize H2S during AVS analysis unless a reducing agent such as stannous chloride is added to the treatment. In addition, some monosulfides such as greigite and pyrrhotite require heat during the AVS analysis in order to dissolve completely. However, the use of heat and/or stannous chloride in the AVS treatment may partially dissolve disulfides and it is generally recommended that stannous chloride not be used in the AVS treatment for modern sediments. Most of the monosulfides are assumed to be recovered as AVS without the addition of stannous chloride. This study investigates the recovery of monosulfides during sulfur speciation analysis with application to ancient sedimentary rocks. Sulfur in samples containing naturally occurring greigite and mackinawite or pyrite was measured using variations of a common sulfur-speciation scheme. The sulfur-speciation scheme analyzes for monosulfide sulfur, disulfide sulfur, elemental sulfur, inorganic sulfate and organically bound sulfur. The effects of heat, stannous chloride and ferric iron on the amounts of acid-volatile sulfide and disulfide recovered during treatment for AVS were investigated. Isotopic compositions of the recovered sulfur species along with yields from an extended sulfur-speciation scheme were used to quantify the effects. Hot 6 N HCl AVS treatment recovers > 60% of the monosulfides as AVS in samples containing pure greigite and mackinawite. The remaining monosulfide sulfur is recovered in a subsequent elemental sulfur extraction. Hot 6 N HCl plus stannous chloride recovers 100% of the monosulfides as AVS. The addition of ferric iron to pure greigite and mackinawite samples during AVS treatment without stannous chloride decreased the amount of monosulfides recovered as AVS and, if present in great enough concentration, oxidized some of the AVS to a form not recovered in later treatments. The hot stannous chloride AVS treatments dissolve <5% of well-crystallized pyrite in this study. The amount of pyrite dissolved depends on grain size and crystallinity. Greigite in ancient sedimentary rocks was quantitatively recovered as AVS only with hot 6 N HCl plus stannous chloride. Hot 6 N HCl AVS treatment of these rocks did not detect any monosulfides in most samples. A subsequent elemental sulfur extraction did not completely recover the oxidized monosulfides. Therefore, the use of stannous chloride plus heat is recommended in the AVS treatment of ancient sedimentary rocks if monosulfides are present and of interest. All assumptions about the amount of monosulfides and disulfides recovered with the sulfur-speciation scheme used should be verified by extended sulfur-speciation and/or isotopic analysis of the species recovered. ?? 1993.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0009-2541(93)90103-P","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Rice, C.A., Tuttle, M.L., and Reynolds, R.L., 1993, The analysis of forms of sulfur in ancient sediments and sedimentary rocks: comments and cautions: Chemical Geology, v. 107, no. 1-2, p. 83-95, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(93)90103-P.","startPage":"83","endPage":"95","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266060,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(93)90103-P"},{"id":229023,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"107","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba9bae4b08c986b32247f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rice, C. A.","contributorId":106116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tuttle, M. L.","contributorId":71992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tuttle","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reynolds, R. L. 0000-0002-4572-2942","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4572-2942","contributorId":79885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"R.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":376641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70017480,"text":"70017480 - 1993 - Chronology, Eruption Duration, and Atmospheric Contribution of the Martian Volcano Apollinaris Patera","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:58","indexId":"70017480","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chronology, Eruption Duration, and Atmospheric Contribution of the Martian Volcano Apollinaris Patera","docAbstract":"Geologic mapping, thermal inertia measurements, and an analysis of the color (visual wavelengths) of the martian volcano Apollinaris Patera indicate the existence of two different surface materials, comprising an early, easily eroded edifice, and a more recent, competent fan on the southern flank. A chronology of six major events that is consistent with the present morphology of the volcano has been identified. We propose that large scale explosive activity occurred during the formation of the main edifice and that the distinctive fan on the southern flank appears to have been formed by lavas of low eruptive rate similar to those that form compound pahoehoe flow fields on Earth. A basal escarpment typically 500 m in relief and morphologically similar to the one surrounding Olympus Mons was produced between the formation of the main edifice and the fan, indicating multistage eruptions over a protracted period of time. Contact relations between the volcanic units and the adjacent chaotic material indicate that formation of the chaotic material occurred over an extended period of time and may be related to the volcanic activity that formed Apollinaris Patera. Stereophotogrammetric measurements permit the volume of the volcano to be estimated at 105 km3. From this volume measurement and an inferred eruption rate (1.5 ?? 10-2 km3 yr-1) we estimate the total eruption duration for the main edifice to be ???107 yrs. Plausible estimates of the exsolved volatile content of the parent magma imply that greater than 1015 kg of water vapor was released into the atmosphere as a consequence of this activity. This large amount of water vapor as well as other exsolved gases must have had a significant impact on local, and possibly global, climatic conditions. ?? 1993 Academic Press. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/icar.1993.1103","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Robinson, M., Mouginis-Mark, P., Zimbelman, J.R., Wu, S., Ablin, K., and Howington-Kraus, A.E., 1993, Chronology, Eruption Duration, and Atmospheric Contribution of the Martian Volcano Apollinaris Patera: Icarus, v. 104, no. 2, p. 301-323, https://doi.org/10.1006/icar.1993.1103.","startPage":"301","endPage":"323","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206156,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/icar.1993.1103"},{"id":228844,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f5f9e4b0c8380cd4c519","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, M.S.","contributorId":34934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mouginis-Mark, P. J.","contributorId":41086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mouginis-Mark","given":"P. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zimbelman, J. R.","contributorId":94685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimbelman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wu, S.S.C.","contributorId":10421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"S.S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ablin, K.K.","contributorId":79261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ablin","given":"K.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Howington-Kraus, A. E.","contributorId":90894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howington-Kraus","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70017871,"text":"70017871 - 1993 - Geology and genesis of the Baid Al Jimalah tungsten deposit, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-03T17:32:36.928564","indexId":"70017871","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology and genesis of the Baid Al Jimalah tungsten deposit, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","docAbstract":"

The Baid al Jimalah tungsten deposit in Saudi Arabia (lat 25 degrees 09'N, long 42 degrees 41'E) consists predominantly of swarms of steeply dipping, subparallel, tungsten-bearing quartz veins and of less abundant, smaller stockwork veins. It is spatially, temporally, and genetically associated with a 569 Ma, highly differentiated, porphyritic, two-feldspar granite that intrudes Late Proterozoic immature sandstones.Paragenetic data from crosscutting veins demonstrate unambiguously a single cycle of magma intrusion and hydrothermal mineralization. Hypogene mineralization can be divided into three periods: (1) early quartz-molybdenite stockwork veining, (2) wolframite- and scheelite-bearing, greisen-bordered veining, and (3) late, quartz-carbonate-fluorite veining. The first two of these three periods can be further divided into several stages that are transitional to each other. The greisen-bordered veins, in particular, show replacement of earlier mineral assemblages by later ones. Precious and base metal veins at Baid al Jimalah East, approximately 1.5 km east of the Baid al Jimalah tungsten deposit, are genetically related to the tungsten deposit and probably formed contemporaneously with the greisenized tungsten-bearing veins.Fluid inclusion and oxygen isotope data indicate that the Baid al Jimalah deposit formed over a temperature range of 120 degrees to 550 degrees C, from low salinity magmatic and metamorphic fluids, and at a depth of about 4.2 km. Early stockwork veins (period 1) formed at low magmatic temperatures (ca. 550 degrees C) from magma-derived (delta 18 O = 9.6-9.7ppm), low-salinity (1-2 wt % NaCl equiv) fluid. This hydrothermal fluid was generally low density and CO 2 rich. All other veins were formed from regionally derived fluid in equilibrium with metamorphic rocks (delta 18 O = 7.9 + or - 1.0ppm at the site of deposition). This fluid probably scavenged most of the period 2 ore-mineral components from a postulated granite batholith whose existence is indicated by a 6-mGal gravity low centered on the deposit. The greisen-bordered tungsten veins (period 2) formed from fluids in the liquid state at temperatures mostly between 380 degrees and 440 degrees C with salinities between 4.5 and 10.9 wt percent NaCl equiv. Late, barren veins (period 3) formed from liquids with salinities between 0.0 and 3.5 wt percent NaCl equiv at temperatures as low as 120 degrees C. The veins at Baid al Jimalah East formed from liquids with salinities between 0 and 4.2 wt percent NaCl equiv at temperatures mostly between about 340 degrees and 390 degrees C. Important volatile constituents in some hydrothermal fluids were CO 2 and CH 4 , in addition to H 2 O and HF. The delta 18 O data on mineral separates of fresh and altered Bald al Jimalah granite, and whole-rock delta 18 O data on country-rock samples as far as 16 km from the deposit, indicate that the rocks in the Bald al Jimalah area were pervasively infiltrated by a fluid with relatively high delta 18 O values. Interaction and exchange of the country rocks with this delta 18 O fluid led to an increase in the delta 18 O values of volcanic rocks of the Jurdhawiyah Group but to a decrease in the delta 18 O values of the high value delta 18 O Murdama Group sandstones, resulting in a hydrothermal anomaly exceeding 100 km 2 in area. This fluid had an estimated delta 18 O value of about 6 to 8 per mil, essentially identical to that of the metamorphic water calculated from the vein quartz, thus strongly supporting the conclusion that all of the mineral deposits at Baid al Jimalah (except for the early-stage quartz-molybdenite veins), as well as the 12-km 2 geochemical anomaly surrounding the deposit, were from the same metamorphic fluid.Bald al Jimalah is similar in character and origin to Phanerozoic tungsten-tin greisen deposits throughout the world, especially the Hemerdon deposit in Devon, England. It is also analogous to Climax-type molybdenum deposits, which contain virtually identical mineral assemblages, but with the relative proportions of molybdenum and tungsten mineralization reversed, primarily owing to differences in oxygen fugacity. This similarity in mineralization styles and fluid histories indicates that metallogenic processes in granite-related deposits in the late Precambrian were similar to those seen in the Phanerozoic.

","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.88.7.1743","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Kamilli, R., Cole, J.C., Elliott, J.E., and Criss, R., 1993, Geology and genesis of the Baid Al Jimalah tungsten deposit, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Economic Geology, v. 88, no. 7, p. 1743-1767, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.88.7.1743.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"1743","endPage":"1767","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228632,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1993-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a22d6e4b0c8380cd57399","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kamilli, R.J.","contributorId":75550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kamilli","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cole, J. C.","contributorId":51292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Elliott, J. E.","contributorId":19914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Criss, R.E.","contributorId":10075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Criss","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":27778,"text":"wri914135 - 1992 - Effects of dried wastewater-treatment sludge application on ground-water quality in South Dade County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-13T14:57:32.301863","indexId":"wri914135","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-13T11:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-4135","title":"Effects of dried wastewater-treatment sludge application on ground-water quality in South Dade County, Florida","docAbstract":"

Four test fields in the south Dade agricultural area were studied to determine the effects of sludge application on ground-water quality. Two fields had been cultivated for 10 years or more, and two had not been farmed for at least 10 years. The fields were representative of the area's two soil types (Rockdale and Perrine marl) and two major crop types (row crops and groves). Before the application of sludge, wells upgradient of, within, and downgradient of each field were sampled for possible sludge contaminants at the end of wet and dry seasons. Municipal wastewater treatment sludge from the Dade County Water and Sewe Authority Department was then applied to the fields at varying application rates. The wells at each field were sampled over a 2-year period under different hydrologic conditions for possible sludge-related constituents (specific conductance, pH, alkalinity, nitrogen, phosphorus, total organic carbon, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, potassium, zinc, arsenic, cadmium, chloride, chromium, lead, mercury, nickel, and sodium). Comparisons were made between water quality in the vicinity of the test fields and Florida Department of Environmental Regulation primary and secondary drinking-water regulations, an between water quality upgradient of, beneath, and downgradient of the fields. Comparisons between presludge and postsludge water quality did not indicate any improvement because of retention of agrichemicals by the sludge nor did they indicate any deterioration because of leaching from the sludge. Comparisons of water quality upgradient of the fields to water quality beneath and downgradient of the fields also did not indicate any changes related to sludge. Florida Department of Environmental Regulation primary and secondary drinking-water regulations wer exceeded at the Rockdale maximum-application field by mercury (9.5 ug/L (micrograms per liter)), and the Perrine marl maximum-application field by manganese (60 ug/L) and lead (85 ug/L), and at the Perrine marl row-crop field by mercury (5.2 ug/L). All other exceedances were either in presludge or upgradient samples, or they were for constituents or properties, such as iron and color, which typically exceed standards in native ground water. Acid-extractable and base-neutral compounds, volatile organic compounds, chlorophenoxy herbicides, organophosphorus insecticides, and organochlorine compounds were analyzed for one shallow well at each field twice annually. Those compounds that equaled or exceeded the detection limit after sludge was applied included benzene (0.3 and 1.2 ug/L), chloroform (0.2 and 0.3 ug/L), bis(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate (29 and 42 ug/L), methylene chloride (14 ug/L), tolulene (0.2, 0.4, 0.5, 1.3, and 4.4 ug/L), 1, 1,1-trichloroethana (0.6 ug/L), trichloroethylene (0.3 ug/L), 2.4-D (0.01 ug/L), and xylene (0.3 ug/L). It ws not possible to ascertain the origin of these compounds because they are available from sources other than sludge.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri914135","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the South Dade Soil and Water Conservation District, Florida Department of Environmental Regulation, and the Dade County Water and Sewer Authority Department","usgsCitation":"Howie, B., 1992, Effects of dried wastewater-treatment sludge application on ground-water quality in South Dade County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4135, v, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri914135.","productDescription":"v, 48 p.","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124925,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4135/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56621,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4135/wri914135.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.86 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"contact":"

Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314

Contact Pubs Warehouse

","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2fe4b07f02db615cbb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howie, Barbara","contributorId":54248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howie","given":"Barbara","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":19499,"text":"ofr90580 - 1992 - Reconnaissance investigation of volatile and semivolatile organic compounds in the Memphis Aquifer at Alamo, Crockett County, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:37","indexId":"ofr90580","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-580","title":"Reconnaissance investigation of volatile and semivolatile organic compounds in the Memphis Aquifer at Alamo, Crockett County, Tennessee","docAbstract":"Samples of ground water and soil gas were analyzed to study the occurrence of volatile and semivolatile organic compounds in the Memphis aquifer at Alamo in western Tennessee in 1989. At Alamo, the aquifer is locally unconfined. Four wells screened in the Memphis aquifer provided Alamo with 0.3 million gallons of water per day. Trichloroethylene (TCE), dichloroethylene, trichloroethane, and tetrachloroethylene were detected in water samples from two of the wells. In September 1989, the TCE concentration in a sample from well 1 was 45 micrograms per liter (mg/L); Tennessee?s maximum contaminant level for TCE in drinking water is 5 mg/L Concentrations of TCE in water from this well ranged from 40 to 113 mg/L during I988 and 1989. TCE concentration in water collected from well 2 in September 1989 was 0.7 mg/L During I988 and 1989, TCE concentrations in this well ranged from less than 0.5 to 5.1 mg/L None of the semivolatile organic compounds on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency?s priority-pollutant list were detected in water from well 1.\rSoil gas was sampled at a depth of 3.5 feet below land surface in areas of suspected ground-water contamination. Analyses by gas chromatography indicated the presence of TCE in soils about 230 feet east of well 1 in the area of a former industrial site where solvents were handled. TCE concentrations in the soil gas of this area ranged from 0.2 to 30 mg/L TCE was not detected in soil gas near any of the wells.\rDepth to water at the wells ranged from 39 to 49 feet. The regional direction of ground-water flow is to the west-southwest, which would cause contaminants dissolved in ground water below the former industrial-site area to be transported toward the public-supply wells.\rProbable reasons contributing to the lack of TCE detection in soil gas at wells 1 and 2 are the relatively low concentrations of TCE in ground water at the wells and the vertical distance between sampling points and the water table.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr90580","usgsCitation":"Hutson, S.S., and Haugh, C.J., 1992, Reconnaissance investigation of volatile and semivolatile organic compounds in the Memphis Aquifer at Alamo, Crockett County, Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-580, iv, 14 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr90580.","productDescription":"iv, 14 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1078,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr_90-580","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":152777,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625a05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hutson, Susan S. sshutson@usgs.gov","contributorId":2040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutson","given":"Susan","email":"sshutson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":181014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haugh, Connor J. 0000-0002-5204-8271 cjhaugh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5204-8271","contributorId":3932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haugh","given":"Connor","email":"cjhaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":181015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":19274,"text":"ofr92135 - 1992 - Well-construction, water-level, geophysical, and water-quality data for ground-water monitoring wells for Arnold Air Force Base, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:33","indexId":"ofr92135","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-135","title":"Well-construction, water-level, geophysical, and water-quality data for ground-water monitoring wells for Arnold Air Force Base, Tennessee","docAbstract":"Sixty-five wells were installed at 39 sites in the Arnold Air Force Base area in Coffee and Franklin Counties, Tennessee. The wells were installed to provide information on subsurface lithology, aquifer characteristics, ground-water levels, and ground-water quality. Well depths ranged from 11 to 384 feet.\rWater-quality samples were collected from 60 wells and analyzed for common inorganic ions, trace metals, and volatile organic compounds. The median dissolved-solids concentrations were 60 milligrams per liter in the shallow aquifer, 48 million gallons per liter in the Manchester aquifer, 1,235 milligrams per liter in the Fort Payne aquifer, and 1,712 milligrams per liter in the upper Central Basin aquifer.\rCaliper, temperature, natural gamma, electric, neutron porosity, gamma-gamma density, and acoustic velocity borehole-geophysical logs were obtained for the six deep wells completed below the Chattanooga Shale. Petrographic and modal analysis were performed on rock samples from each deep well. These six deep wells provide the first information in the study area on hydraulic head and water quality from below the Chattanooga Shale.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;","doi":"10.3133/ofr92135","usgsCitation":"Hough, C., Mahoney, E., and Robinson, J.A., 1992, Well-construction, water-level, geophysical, and water-quality data for ground-water monitoring wells for Arnold Air Force Base, Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-135, iv, 88 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr92135.","productDescription":"iv, 88 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1091,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr_92-135","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":151321,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cfe4b07f02db545ce6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hough, C.J.","contributorId":31782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hough","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mahoney, E.N.","contributorId":75171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahoney","given":"E.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robinson, J. A.","contributorId":57417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":21127,"text":"ofr92640 - 1992 - Selected hydrologic data for Salt Lake Valley, Utah, 1990-92, with emphasis on data from the shallow unconfined aquifer and confining layers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-31T14:37:08","indexId":"ofr92640","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-640","title":"Selected hydrologic data for Salt Lake Valley, Utah, 1990-92, with emphasis on data from the shallow unconfined aquifer and confining layers","docAbstract":"

Hydrologic data were collected from wells in the Salt Lake Valley, Utah, from 1990 to 1992, to better understand the hydrologic system in the valley. Most of the data collected are from 36 monitoring wells drilled in June and July 1990 and March and May 1991 using a hollow-stem auger. These wells range from 15.0 to 129.5 feet deep and are completed in the shallow unconfined aquifer, an underlying confining layer, or both. Data from public supply wells and other existing wells completed in aquifers below the confining layers near these monitoring wells are presented in order to compare data from those wells with data from the shallow unconfined aquifer and the underlying confining layers.

Field data collected from selected wells and drill holes include well-completion information, lithologic logs, and water-level and field water-quality measurements. Water samples collected from monitoring wells drilled in 1990 and 1991 and from selected existing wells were analyzed for inorganic constituents, trace metals in unfiltered water, volatile organic compounds, organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and radionuclides. Core samples were collected from selected monitoring wells drilled in 1990 and 1991 and analyzed for geochemical and geotechnical properties. Cation exchange capacity, carbon concentration, and the concentration of selected elements in core material are presented. Particle size, dry density, moisture content, porosity, hydraulic conductivity, initial void ratio, specific storage, and other properties determined for material in cores from selected monitoring wells also are listed.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","doi":"10.3133/ofr92640","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights and the Utah Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Water Quality","usgsCitation":"Thiros, S.A., 1992, Selected hydrologic data for Salt Lake Valley, Utah, 1990-92, with emphasis on data from the shallow unconfined aquifer and confining layers: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-640, Report: iv, 60 p.; Plate: 19.82 in x 21.42 in, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr92640.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 60 p.; Plate: 19.82 in x 21.42 in","numberOfPages":"63","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":153882,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0640/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":50718,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0640/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":50719,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0640/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Salt Lake Valley","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-111.6432,40.7953],[-111.6438,40.7926],[-111.6396,40.7872],[-111.6439,40.7849],[-111.6403,40.7795],[-111.647,40.7749],[-111.6427,40.7731],[-111.6397,40.7704],[-111.6379,40.7695],[-111.6343,40.7677],[-111.6312,40.7658],[-111.6258,40.7626],[-111.6246,40.7604],[-111.6234,40.759],[-111.6222,40.7554],[-111.621,40.7504],[-111.6204,40.7431],[-111.6199,40.7381],[-111.6193,40.7327],[-111.6163,40.7299],[-111.612,40.7272],[-111.6078,40.724],[-111.6066,40.7204],[-111.6048,40.7172],[-111.6018,40.7145],[-111.5976,40.7122],[-111.5927,40.7072],[-111.5897,40.704],[-111.5897,40.6995],[-111.597,40.6945],[-111.5989,40.6904],[-111.5959,40.6805],[-111.5966,40.6696],[-111.5954,40.6623],[-111.593,40.6541],[-111.5798,40.6459],[-111.5755,40.6405],[-111.5738,40.6346],[-111.5689,40.6332],[-111.5653,40.6273],[-111.5593,40.6218],[-111.5557,40.6173],[-111.5503,40.6159],[-111.5497,40.6118],[-111.5533,40.61],[-111.5552,40.6087],[-111.5588,40.6064],[-111.5588,40.6032],[-111.5583,40.5969],[-111.5583,40.5937],[-111.5638,40.5855],[-111.5716,40.5842],[-111.5789,40.5833],[-111.5971,40.5784],[-111.5983,40.5789],[-111.6038,40.5657],[-111.6129,40.5667],[-111.622,40.5667],[-111.6311,40.5672],[-111.6347,40.5699],[-111.6414,40.5608],[-111.6468,40.5568],[-111.6523,40.5554],[-111.6565,40.5532],[-111.6608,40.5432],[-111.6669,40.541],[-111.6796,40.5328],[-111.6869,40.5342],[-111.6935,40.5351],[-111.7038,40.5356],[-111.7129,40.532],[-111.7202,40.5266],[-111.7335,40.5307],[-111.7371,40.5262],[-111.7474,40.5253],[-111.7619,40.5276],[-111.771,40.5235],[-111.7819,40.5149],[-111.7873,40.509],[-111.7867,40.5072],[-111.791,40.4959],[-111.7928,40.4954],[-111.8013,40.495],[-111.811,40.4905],[-111.8261,40.4846],[-111.8328,40.4814],[-111.8394,40.4742],[-111.8424,40.4755],[-111.8461,40.4765],[-111.8515,40.4692],[-111.8551,40.4669],[-111.8594,40.4688],[-111.8654,40.4715],[-111.8696,40.4765],[-111.8811,40.4715],[-111.8878,40.4683],[-111.8926,40.4656],[-111.8969,40.4638],[-111.9035,40.4588],[-111.9222,40.4525],[-111.9126,40.4416],[-111.9192,40.438],[-111.9271,40.4348],[-111.9307,40.433],[-111.9434,40.4267],[-111.9513,40.4221],[-111.9531,40.4212],[-111.9561,40.4198],[-111.9627,40.4189],[-111.9663,40.4176],[-111.97,40.4158],[-111.9748,40.4149],[-111.9772,40.4158],[-111.9923,40.4235],[-112.0038,40.4262],[-112.0141,40.4344],[-112.0213,40.4398],[-112.0261,40.4493],[-112.0286,40.4575],[-112.0322,40.4643],[-112.0425,40.4602],[-112.0443,40.4561],[-112.0527,40.4543],[-112.0582,40.4516],[-112.0636,40.4484],[-112.069,40.4457],[-112.0751,40.447],[-112.0835,40.4466],[-112.092,40.447],[-112.0998,40.4448],[-112.1034,40.442],[-112.1113,40.4389],[-112.1131,40.4429],[-112.1125,40.4457],[-112.1125,40.4515],[-112.1174,40.4534],[-112.1198,40.4543],[-112.1252,40.4606],[-112.1283,40.4633],[-112.1343,40.4665],[-112.1428,40.471],[-112.1506,40.4687],[-112.1524,40.4669],[-112.1591,40.4624],[-112.1675,40.4642],[-112.173,40.4674],[-112.17,40.4719],[-112.1754,40.4814],[-112.1724,40.4846],[-112.1864,40.4964],[-112.1797,40.5018],[-112.1864,40.514],[-112.1779,40.5204],[-112.1774,40.5299],[-112.181,40.5399],[-112.1822,40.5431],[-112.1774,40.5544],[-112.1762,40.5562],[-112.1817,40.5617],[-112.1805,40.5676],[-112.1835,40.573],[-112.1793,40.5785],[-112.1745,40.5857],[-112.1781,40.5943],[-112.1769,40.6021],[-112.1739,40.6039],[-112.18,40.6088],[-112.18,40.6129],[-112.1879,40.6152],[-112.1927,40.6233],[-112.1933,40.6242],[-112.194,40.6261],[-112.1928,40.6383],[-112.1928,40.6397],[-112.197,40.6433],[-112.1976,40.6483],[-112.2025,40.6533],[-112.2007,40.6646],[-112.1995,40.6728],[-112.2032,40.6787],[-112.1996,40.6882],[-112.196,40.6927],[-112.1978,40.6995],[-112.2002,40.7045],[-112.2009,40.7077],[-112.2033,40.7113],[-112.2258,40.7262],[-112.2611,40.7706],[-112.2029,40.8075],[-112.2011,40.8079],[-112.1375,40.8457],[-112.0567,40.892],[-112.0069,40.9201],[-111.9558,40.9192],[-111.9558,40.897],[-111.9667,40.8843],[-111.968,40.8748],[-111.9601,40.8675],[-111.9613,40.8594],[-111.9625,40.8526],[-111.9576,40.8471],[-111.951,40.8466],[-111.9437,40.8421],[-111.9437,40.8371],[-111.9412,40.8326],[-111.9352,40.8262],[-111.9328,40.8208],[-111.9103,40.8226],[-111.8896,40.823],[-111.8811,40.8235],[-111.8684,40.8235],[-111.8526,40.8266],[-111.8374,40.8325],[-111.8259,40.8334],[-111.8186,40.8343],[-111.8082,40.8383],[-111.7985,40.8388],[-111.7851,40.8447],[-111.7778,40.8442],[-111.7645,40.8505],[-111.748,40.8546],[-111.7444,40.8609],[-111.7352,40.8627],[-111.7231,40.855],[-111.7176,40.8563],[-111.7079,40.8531],[-111.7012,40.8567],[-111.6982,40.8617],[-111.6818,40.8585],[-111.6745,40.8562],[-111.6684,40.8544],[-111.6624,40.8507],[-111.6575,40.8475],[-111.6563,40.8453],[-111.6655,40.8362],[-111.6564,40.8285],[-111.6497,40.8258],[-111.6437,40.8221],[-111.6401,40.8194],[-111.6432,40.7953]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Salt Lake\",\"state\":\"UT\"}}]}","publicComments":"This is also Utah Hydrologic-Data Report no. 49","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a06e4b07f02db5f8ac7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thiros, Susan A. 0000-0002-8544-553X sthiros@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8544-553X","contributorId":965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thiros","given":"Susan","email":"sthiros@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":183888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":17208,"text":"ofr92641 - 1992 - Ground-water-quality assessment of the central Oklahoma aquifer, Oklahoma: Hydrologic, water-quality, and quality-assurance data 1987-90","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-15T21:48:42.724945","indexId":"ofr92641","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-641","title":"Ground-water-quality assessment of the central Oklahoma aquifer, Oklahoma: Hydrologic, water-quality, and quality-assurance data 1987-90","docAbstract":"This report presents data collected from 202 wells between June 1987 and September 1990 as part of the Central Oklahoma aquifer pilot study of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program. The report describes the sampling networks, the sampling procedures, and the results of the ground-water quality and quality-assurance sample analyses. The data tables consist of information about the wells sampled and the results of the chemical analyses of ground water and quality-assurance sampling.\r\nChemical analyses of ground-water samples in four sampling networks are presented: A geochemical network, a low-density survey bedrock network, a low-density survey alluvium and terrace deposits network, and a targeted urban network. The analyses generally included physical properties, major ions, nutrients, trace substances, radionuclides, and organic constituents.\r\n\r\nThe chemical analyses of the ground-water samples are presented in five tables: (1) Physical properties and concentrations of major ions, nutrients, and trace substances; (2) concentrations of radionuclides and radioactivities; (3) carbon isotope ratios and delta values (d-values) of selected isotopes; (4) concentrations of organic constituents; and (5) organic constituents not reported in ground-water samples.\r\n\r\nThe quality of the ground water sampled varied substantially. The sum of constituents (dissolved solids) concentrations ranged from 71 to 5,610 milligrams per liter, with 38 percent of the wells sampled exceeding the Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level of 500 milligrams per liter established under the Safe Drinking Water Act. Values of pH ranged from 5.7 to 9.2 units with 20 percent of the wells outside the Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level of 6.5 to 8.5 units. Nitrite plus nitrate concentrations ranged from less than 0.1 to 85 milligrams per liter with 8 percent of the wells exceeding the proposed Maximum Contaminant Level of 10 milligrams per liter. Concentrations of trace substances were highly variable, ranging from below the reporting level to concentrations over the Maximum Contaminant Levels for several constituents (arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, lead, and selenium). Radionuclide activities also were highly variable. Gross alpha radioactivity ranged from 0.1 to 210 picocuries per liter as 230thorium. Of the wells sampled, 20 percent exceeded the proposed Maximum Contaminant Level of 15 picocuries per liter for gross alpha radioactivity. Organic constituents were detected in 39 percent of the 170 wells sampled for organic constituents; in most cases concentrations were at or near the laboratory minimum reporting levels. Ten of the wells sampled for organic constituents had one or more constituents (chlordane, dieldrin, heptachlor epoxide, trichloroethylene, 1,1-dichloroethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane) at concentrations equal to or greater than the Maximum Contaminant Level or acceptable concentrations as suggested in the Environmental Protection Agency's Health Advisory Summaries.\r\n\r\nQuality-assurance sampling included duplicate samples, repeated samples, blanks, spikes, and blind samples. These samples proved to be essential in evaluating the accuracy of the data, particularly in the case of volatile organic constituents.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr92641","usgsCitation":"Ferree, D.M., Christenson, S.C., Rea, A.H., and Mesander, B., 1992, Ground-water-quality assessment of the central Oklahoma aquifer, Oklahoma: Hydrologic, water-quality, and quality-assurance data 1987-90: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-641, vi, 193 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr92641.","productDescription":"vi, 193 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":391706,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18352.htm"},{"id":46346,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0641/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":150901,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0641/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"central Oklahoma aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.75,\n 34.75\n ],\n [\n -96.75,\n 34.75\n ],\n [\n -96.75,\n 36\n ],\n [\n -97.75,\n 36\n ],\n [\n -97.75,\n 34.75\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afbe4b07f02db69637f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ferree, D. M.","contributorId":53423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferree","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christenson, S. C.","contributorId":98320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christenson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rea, A. H.","contributorId":58301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rea","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mesander, B. A.","contributorId":105167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mesander","given":"B. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":29940,"text":"wri914025 - 1992 - Geohydrology and water quality of stratified-drift aquifers in the lower Merrimack and coastal river basins, southeastern New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-24T14:56:42","indexId":"wri914025","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-4025","title":"Geohydrology and water quality of stratified-drift aquifers in the lower Merrimack and coastal river basins, southeastern New Hampshire","docAbstract":"Communities in the lower Merrimack River basin and coastal river basins of southeastern New Hampshire are experiencing increased demands for water because of a rapid increase in population. The population in 1987 was 225,495 and is expected to increase by 30 percent during the next decade. As of 1987, five towns used the stratified-drift aquifers for municipal supply and withdrew an estimated 6 million gallons per day. Four towns used the bedrock aquifer for municipal supply and withdrew an average of 1 .6 million gallons per day. Stratified-drift deposits cover 78 of the 327 square miles of the study area. These deposits are generally less than 10 square miles in areal extent, and their saturated thickness ranges front less than 20 feet to as much as 100 feet . Transinissivity exceeds 4,000 square feet per day in several locations. Stratified-drift aquifers in the eastern part are predominantly small ice-contact deposits surrounded by marine sediments or till of low hydraulic conductivity. Stratified-drift aquifers in the western part consist of ice-contact and proglacial deposits that are large in areal extent and are commonly in contact with surface-water bodies. Five stratified-drift aquifers, in the towns of Derry, Windham, Kingston, North Hampton, and Greenland, have the greatest potential to supply additional amounts of water. Potential yields and contributing areas of hypothetical supply wells were estimated for an aquifer in Windham near Cobbetts Pond and for an aquifer in Kingston along the Powwow River by use of a method analogous to superposition in conjunction with a numerical ground-waterflow model. The potential yield is estimated to be 0 .6 million gallons per day for the Windham-Cobbetts Pond aquifer and 4 .0 million gallons per day for the Kingston-Powwow River aquifer. Contributing recharge area for supply wells is estimated to be 1.6 square miles in the Windham-Cobbetts Pond aquifer and 4.9 square miles in the Kingston-Powwow River aquifer. Analyses of water samples from 30 wells indicate that the water quality in the basins studied is generally suitable for drinking and other domestic purposes. Concentrations of iron and manganese exceeded the U.S . Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) and the New Hampshire Water Supply Engineering Bureau's secondary maximum contaminant levels for drinking water in 20 samples. With one exception, concentrations of volatile organic compounds at all wells sampled met New Hampshire Water Supply and Engineering Bureau's drinking-water standards. At one well, trichloroethylene was detected at a concentration of 5.7 micrograms per liter. Ground-water contamination has been detected at several hazardous-waste sites in the study area. Currently, 5 sites are on the USEPA's National Priority List of superfund sites, 10 sites are Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 sites, and 1 site is a Department of Defense hazardous-waste site of stratigraphic layers is a product of a material's density and the velocity at which sound travels through that material . The reflected signals return to the hydrophones at the water surface and are then filtered, amplified, and displayed graphically on the chart recorder to allow interpretation of aquifer stratigraphy and bedrock depths. Lithologic data from nearby wells and test holes were used as control points to check the interpretation of the reflection profiles. Test drilling was done at 66 locations (pls . 1-3) to determine sediment grain size, stratigraphy, depth to water table, depth to bedrock, and ground water quality . A 6-inch-diameter, hollow-stem auger was used for test drilling . Split-spoon samples of subsurface materials collected at specific depths were used to evaluate the grain-size characteristics and identify the stratigraphic sequence of materials comprising the aquifers . Thirty-eight test holes cased with a 2-inch-diameter polyvinyl-chloride (PVC) pipe and slotted screens were used to make ground-water-level measurements and collect ground-water-quality samples. Surface-water-discharge measurements were made at 16 sites during low flow when the surface water is primarily ground-water discharge . These low-flow measurements indicate quantities of ground water potentially available from aquifers. Hydraulic conductivities of aquifer materials were estimated from grain-size-distribution data from 61 samples of stratified drift . Transmissivity was estimated from well logs by assigning hydraulic conductivity to specific well-log intervals, multiplying by the saturated thickness of the interval, and summing the results . Additional transmissivity values were obtained from an analysis of specific capacity and aquifer-test data. Long-term aquifer yields and contributing areas to hypothetical supply wells were estimated by application of a method that is analogous to super position and incorporates a ground-water-flow model developed by McDonald and Harbaugh (1988) . This method was applied to two aquifers judged to have the best potential for providing additional ground-water supplies. Samples of ground water from 26 test wells and 4 municipal wells were collected in March and August 1987 for analysis of common inorganic, organic, and volatile organic constituents. Methods for collecting and analyzing the samples are described by Fishman and Freidman (1989) . The water-quality results from the well samples were used to characterize background water quality in the stratified-drift aquifers.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Bow, NH","doi":"10.3133/wri914025","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services, Water Resources Division","usgsCitation":"Stekl, P.J., and Flanagan, S., 1992, Geohydrology and water quality of stratified-drift aquifers in the lower Merrimack and coastal river basins, southeastern New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4025, Report: vii, 75, A-18 p.; 7 Plates: 42.02 x 53.15 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri914025.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 75, A-18 p.; 7 Plates: 42.02 x 53.15 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"101","costCenters":[{"id":637,"text":"Water Resources of New Hampshire and Vermont","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":2420,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri914025/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":119450,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_91_4025.jpg"},{"id":266398,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4025/plate-1.pdf"},{"id":266399,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4025/plate-2.pdf"},{"id":266400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4025/plate-3.pdf"},{"id":266401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4025/plate-4.pdf"},{"id":266402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4025/plate-5.pdf"},{"id":266403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4025/plate-6.pdf"},{"id":266404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4025/plate-7.pdf"},{"id":266397,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4025/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire","otherGeospatial":"Merrimack River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71.5,42.5 ], [ -71.5,43.25 ], [ -70.5,43.25 ], [ -70.5,42.5 ], [ -71.5,42.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8b81","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stekl, Peter J.","contributorId":63415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stekl","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flanagan, Sarah M.","contributorId":8492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flanagan","given":"Sarah M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27045,"text":"wri904182 - 1992 - Ground-water quality in the Bethpage-Hicksville-Levittown area, Long Island, New York, with emphasis on volatile organic compounds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-11T20:45:15.003798","indexId":"wri904182","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4182","title":"Ground-water quality in the Bethpage-Hicksville-Levittown area, Long Island, New York, with emphasis on volatile organic compounds","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri904182","usgsCitation":"Feldman, S.M., Smolensky, D., and Masterson, J., 1992, Ground-water quality in the Bethpage-Hicksville-Levittown area, Long Island, New York, with emphasis on volatile organic compounds: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4182, iv, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904182.","productDescription":"iv, 51 p.","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":411739,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47426.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":55925,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4182/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":119977,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4182/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Bethpage-Hicksville-Levittown area, Long Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.45,\n 40.6786\n ],\n [\n -73.45,\n 40.7722\n ],\n [\n -73.525,\n 40.7722\n ],\n [\n -73.525,\n 40.6786\n ],\n [\n -73.45,\n 40.6786\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db66720b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Feldman, S. M.","contributorId":91896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feldman","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smolensky, D. A.","contributorId":46094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smolensky","given":"D. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Masterson, John P. 0000-0003-3202-4413","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3202-4413","contributorId":102516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masterson","given":"John P.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":197463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":38375,"text":"pp1523 - 1992 - Chemistry of the subalkalic silicic obsidians","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-23T16:08:20","indexId":"pp1523","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1523","title":"Chemistry of the subalkalic silicic obsidians","docAbstract":"Nonhydrated obsidians are quenched magmatic liquids that record in their chemical compositions details of the tectonic environment of formation and of the differentiation mechanisms that affected their subsequent evolution. This study attempts to analyze, in terms of geologic processes, the compositional variations in the subalkalic silicic obsidians (Si02≥70 percent by weight, molecular (Na2O+K20)>Al2O3). New major- and trace-element determinations of 241 samples and a compilation of 130 published major-element analyses are reported and interpreted. Obsidians from five different tectonic settings are recognized: (1) primitive island arcs, (2) mature island arcs, (3) continental margins, (4) continental interiors, and (5) oceanic extensional zones. Tectonomagmatic discrimination between these groups is successfully made on Nb-Ta, Nb-FeOt and Th-Hf-Ta plots, and compositional ranges and averages for each group are presented. The chemical differences between groups are related to the type of crust in which magmas were generated. With increasingly sialic (continental type) crust, the obsidians show overall enrichment in F, Be, Li, Mo, Nb, Rb, Sn, Ta, U, W, Zn, and the rare-earth elements, and depletion in Mg, Ca, Ba, Co, Sc, Sr, and Zr. They become more potassic, have higher Fe/Mg and F/Cl ratios, and lower Zr/Hf, Nb/Ta, and Th/U ratios. Higher values of total rare-earth elements are accompanied by light rare-earth-element enrichment and pronounced negative Eu anomalies. An attempt is made to link obsidian chemistry to genetic mechanlism. Two broad groups of rocks are distinguished: one generated where crystal-liquid processes dominated (CLPD types), which are the products of crustal anatexis, possibly under conditions of low halogen fugacity, ± crystal fractionation ± magma mixing; and a second group represented by rocks formed in the upper parts of large magma chambers by interplays of crystal fractionation, volatile transfer, magma mixing, and possibly various liquid-state differentiation mechanisms, or in other words a complex interaction of petrogenetic processes (CIPP types). Such rocks may also form by volatile-fluxed partial melting of the wallrocks, and subsequent mixing into the magma reservoir. Compositional ranges and averages for CLPD and CIPP obsidians are given. It is shown by analogy with well-documented, zoned ash-flow ruffs that obsidians fractionated by CIPP have very low Mg, P, Ba, and Sr contents, flat rare-earth-element patterns with extensive Eu anomalies, low K/Rb and Zr/Nb ratios, and relatively high Na2O/K2O ratios. There is, however, considerable compositional overlap between CLPD and CIPP obsidians. The effects of magma mixing, assimilation, and vapor-phase transport in producing compositional variations in the obsidians are briefly assessed. The geochemistry of the subalkalic silicic obsidians is described on an element-by-element basis, in order to provide a database for silicic magma compositions that will hopefully contribute to studies of granitic rocks. Attempts are also made to isolate the geochemical effects of tectonic environment and genetic mechanism for each element, by comparison with data from crystal-liquid equilibria-controlled systems, from ash-flow sheets zoned by CIPP, and from mixed-magma series. A final tabulation relates the complexities of obsidian geochemistry to all the tectonic and genetic variables.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1523","usgsCitation":"MacDonald, R., Smith, R.L., and Thomas, J.E., 1992, Chemistry of the subalkalic silicic obsidians: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1523, Report: vi, 214 p.; 3 Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1523.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 214 p.; 3 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"224","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":619,"text":"Volcano Science Center-Menlo Park","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276593,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1523/downloads/pp1523_appendix1.csv","text":"Appendix 1","linkFileType":{"id":7,"text":"csv"}},{"id":333084,"rank":7,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1523/pdf/pp1523_text.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":64722,"rank":6,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1523/report.pdf","text":"Revision notice","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":119723,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1523/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":276592,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1523/downloads/pp1523_appendixes1-2.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1-2","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":333083,"rank":4,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1523/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dfe4b07f02db5e3264","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacDonald, Ray","contributorId":9704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacDonald","given":"Ray","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Robert L.","contributorId":90803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thomas, John E.","contributorId":48234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70017028,"text":"70017028 - 1992 - Time and metamorphic petrology: Calcite to aragonite experiments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-17T15:05:10.908439","indexId":"70017028","displayToPublicDate":"1992-10-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Time and metamorphic petrology: Calcite to aragonite experiments","docAbstract":"

Although the equilibrium phase relations of many mineral systems are generally well established, the rates of transformations, particularly in polycrystalline rocks, are not. The results of experiments on the calcite to aragonite transformation in polycrystalline marble are different from those for earlier experiments on powdered and single-crystal calcite. The transformation in the polycrystalline samples occurs by different mechanisms, with a different temperature dependence, and at a markedly slower rate. This work demonstrates the importance of kinetic studies on fully dense polycrystalline aggregates for understanding mineralogic phase changes in nature. Extrapolation of these results to geological time scales suggests that transformation of calcite to aragonite does not occur in the absence of volatiles at temperatures below 200°C. Kinetic hindrance is likely to extend to higher temperatures in more complex transformations.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.258.5079.110","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Hacker, B.R., Kirby, S.H., and Bohlen, S., 1992, Time and metamorphic petrology: Calcite to aragonite experiments: Science, v. 258, no. 5079, p. 110-112, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.258.5079.110.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"110","endPage":"112","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224909,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"258","issue":"5079","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb391e4b08c986b325e85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hacker, B. R.","contributorId":54269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hacker","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kirby, S. H.","contributorId":51721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"S.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bohlen, S.R.","contributorId":105436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlen","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70205830,"text":"70205830 - 1992 - Comparison of downhole and surface sampling for the determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ground water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-07T13:49:24","indexId":"70205830","displayToPublicDate":"1992-02-28T13:43:14","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1863,"text":"Ground Water Monitoring Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of downhole and surface sampling for the determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ground water","docAbstract":"

The relative precision and accuracy of sampling and analysis methods for the determination of trace concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ground water were compared. Samples were collected from a well containing nanogram‐per‐liter (ng/L) to microgram‐per‐liter (μg/L) levels of VOCs. A Keck helical rotor submersible pump was used to collect samples at the surface for analysis by purge and trap (P&T) and for analysis by adsorption/thermal desorption (ATD). Downhole samples were collected by passing water through an ATD cartridge. Although slight spontaneous bubble outgassing occurred when the water was brought to the surface, the relative precisions and comparabilities of the surface and downhole methods were generally found to be equivalent from a statistical point of view. A main conclusion of this study is that bringing sample water to the surface for placement in VOC vials (and subsequent analysis by P&T) can be done reliably under many circumstances. However, care must still be taken to prevent adsorption losses and cross contamination. Samples subject to strong bubble outgassing will need to be handled in a special fashion (e.g., by downhole ATD) to minimize volatilization losses. Additionally, the higher sensitivity of the ATD method allows lower detection limits than are possible with P&T. For example, several compounds present at the ng/L level could be determined with confidence by ATD, but not by P&T.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6592.1992.tb00418.x","usgsCitation":"Rosen, M.E., James F. Pankow, Gibs, J., and Imbrigiotta, T.E., 1992, Comparison of downhole and surface sampling for the determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ground water: Ground Water Monitoring Review, v. 12, no. 1, p. 126-133, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.1992.tb00418.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"126","endPage":"133","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368060,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","city":"Gibbstown","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.3028678894043,\n 39.81806286126812\n ],\n [\n -75.26510238647461,\n 39.81806286126812\n ],\n [\n -75.26510238647461,\n 39.82930215113803\n ],\n [\n -75.3028678894043,\n 39.82930215113803\n ],\n [\n -75.3028678894043,\n 39.81806286126812\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-02-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosen, M. E.","contributorId":36310,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rosen","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":772523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"James F. Pankow","contributorId":127384,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"James F. Pankow","affiliations":[{"id":6929,"text":"Portland State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":772524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gibs, Jacob jgibs@usgs.gov","contributorId":1729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibs","given":"Jacob","email":"jgibs@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":772525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Imbrigiotta, Thomas E. 0000-0003-1716-4768 timbrig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1716-4768","contributorId":152114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Imbrigiotta","given":"Thomas","email":"timbrig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":772526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70207943,"text":"70207943 - 1992 - Morphology of the island of Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-20T15:10:07","indexId":"70207943","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-20T14:46:42","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1728,"text":"GSA Today","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Morphology of the island of Hawaii","docAbstract":"

Digital elevation data for the island of Hawaii from the U.S. Geographical Survey gridded at 30 m spacing was used to generate a slope map, a shaded relief map, and plots that compare slope and elevation for each of the five volcanoes that compose the island.These computer- generated products are useful in analyzing the morphology of the sland. The volcanoes become steeper with increasing age. The five volcanoes, in order of increasing age, are Kilauea, Mauna Lao, Hualalai, Mauna Kea and Kohala; their average slopes are 3.3, 5.4, 6.6, 7.0, and 11.3, respectively. This relation apparently results from growth of the late, steeper alkali cap on the older volcanoes that include more viscous, thicker flows, flows that are smaller hence tend to pile up more near the summit vents, and volatile- rich lavas that commonly produce steep sided cinder cones at summit vents. The cause of the gentler slopes of younger volcanoes include the high proportion of exposed fluid lava flows from the shield building stage, the ponding of lava against earlier volcanoes, and the grading of lava to sea level; subsidence of the older volcanoes have cause these gently dipping near-seas-level lava flows to subside below the sea. Finally, steep erosional canyons have developed in large areas of the older volcanoes (notably Kohala). 

Virtually all of the major fault systems on the sland appear to be related to the upper parts of giant landslides, most of which are hidden below sea level on the submarine flanks of the volcanoes. These are generally normal faults in the tensional regime at  the heads and upper parts of the landslides Subtle changes in slope hint at buried landslide related faults scarps that have been covered by subsequent lava flows. 

Major erosional canyons are present in only two places, each presumed to be in the amphitheaters of the major landslides. The probably formed in this setting because steam erosion is favored by the steep sloped generated at the heads of landslides. The slope map clearly displays two bands of steep slope on Mauna Kea that mark the terminal moraines at the edges of the last two advances of the Pleistocene ice cap.

","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","usgsCitation":"Moore, J.G., and Mark, R., 1992, Morphology of the island of Hawaii: GSA Today, v. 2, no. 12, p. 257-262.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"257","endPage":"262","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371397,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Island of Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.23107910156247,\n 18.849111862024\n ],\n [\n -154.775390625,\n 18.849111862024\n ],\n [\n -154.775390625,\n 20.396123272467616\n ],\n [\n -156.23107910156247,\n 20.396123272467616\n ],\n [\n -156.23107910156247,\n 18.849111862024\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, James G. 0000-0002-7543-2401 jmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7543-2401","contributorId":2892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"James","email":"jmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mark, Robert K.","contributorId":30648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mark","given":"Robert K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016660,"text":"70016660 - 1992 - Mount St. Helens a decade after the 1980 eruptions: magmatic models, chemical cycles, and a revised hazards assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:50","indexId":"70016660","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mount St. Helens a decade after the 1980 eruptions: magmatic models, chemical cycles, and a revised hazards assessment","docAbstract":"Available geophysical and geologic data provide a simplified model of the current magmatic plumbing system of Mount St. Helens (MSH). This model and new geochemical data are the basis for the revised hazards assessment presented here. The assessment is weighted by the style of eruptions and the chemistry of magmas erupted during the past 500 years, the interval for which the most detailed stratigraphic and geochemical data are available. This interval includes the Kalama (A. D. 1480-1770s?), Goat Rocks (A.D. 1800-1857), and current eruptive periods. In each of these periods, silica content decreased, then increased. The Kalama is a large amplitude chemical cycle (SiO2: 57%-67%), produced by mixing of arc dacite, which is depleted in high field-strength and incompatible elements, with enriched (OIB-like) basalt. The Goat Rocks and current cycles are of small amplitude (SiO2: 61%-64% and 62%-65%) and are related to the fluid dynamics of magma withdrawal from a zoned reservoir. The cyclic behavior is used to forecast future activity. The 1980-1986 chemical cycle, and consequently the current eruptive period, appears to be virtually complete. This inference is supported by the progressively decreasing volumes and volatile contents of magma erupted since 1980, both changes that suggest a decreasing potential for a major explosive eruption in the near future. However, recent changes in seismicity and a series of small gas-release explosions (beginning in late 1989 and accompanied by eruption of a minor fraction of relatively low-silica tephra on 6 January and 5 November 1990) suggest that the current eruptive period may continue to produce small explosions and that a small amount of magma may still be present within the conduit. The gas-release explosions occur without warning and pose a continuing hazard, especially in the crater area. An eruption as large or larger than that of 18 May 1980 (???0.5 km3 dense-rock equivalent) probably will occur only if magma rises from an inferred deep (???7 km), relative large (5-7 km3) reservoir. A conservative approach to hazard assessment is to assume that this deep magma is rich in volatiles and capable of erupting explosively to produce voluminous fall deposits and pyroclastic flows. Warning of such an eruption is expectable, however, because magma ascent would probably be accompanied by shallow seismicity that could be detected by the existing seismic-monitoring system. A future large-volume eruption (???0.1 km3) is virtually certain; the eruptive history of the past 500 years indicates the probability of a large explosive eruption is at least 1% annually. Intervals between large eruptions at Mount St. Helens have varied widely; consequently, we cannot confidently forecast whether the next large eruption will be years decades, or farther in the future. However, we can forecast the types of hazards, and the areas that will be most affected by future large-volume eruptions, as well as hazards associated with the approaching end of the current eruptive period. ?? 1992 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Volcanology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00278003","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Pallister, J., Hoblitt, R., Crandell, D.R., and Mullineaux, D.R., 1992, Mount St. Helens a decade after the 1980 eruptions: magmatic models, chemical cycles, and a revised hazards assessment: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 54, no. 2, p. 126-146, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00278003.","startPage":"126","endPage":"146","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205552,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00278003"},{"id":224796,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5ea5e4b0c8380cd70ba0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pallister, J.S.","contributorId":46534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pallister","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoblitt, R.","contributorId":89536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoblitt","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crandell, D. R.","contributorId":78385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crandell","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mullineaux, D. R.","contributorId":64248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullineaux","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70016897,"text":"70016897 - 1992 - An unusual occurrence of arsenic-bearing pyrite in the Upper Freeport coal bed, West-Central Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-16T00:30:07.91549","indexId":"70016897","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1506,"text":"Energy & Fuels","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An unusual occurrence of arsenic-bearing pyrite in the Upper Freeport coal bed, West-Central Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Scanning electron microscopy and electron microprobe analysis were used to identify a rare type of As-bearing pyrite in selected specific gravity separates from the Pennsylvanian age Upper Freeport coal bed, west-central Pennsylvania. Arsenic was detected mainly in cell-wall replacement pyrite where concentrations ranged from nondetectable to 1.9 wt %. Although the majority of arsenic-bearing pyrite in the Upper Freeport coal bed is concentrated in massive and late diagenetic pyrite morphologies, the rarer As-bearing cell-replacement pyrite was observed in both light and heavy gravity separates from the three coal facies examined. Arsenic was occasionally detected in cell-filling replacement pyrite, but this As appears to be an artifact produced by signals from underlying and/or adjacent As-bearing cell-wall replacement pyrite. It is postulated that some plants of the Upper Freeport paleoswamp may have biomethylated As, which later could have been converted to dimethylarsine or other volatile organoarsenic compounds by either biologically or chemically driven processes. Once liberated, the arsenic may have been incorporated into pyrite during pyritization of the cell walls. The As incorporation occurred early, before significant compaction of the peat, because the pyritized cell walls are not compacted.","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/ef00032a002","issn":"08870624","usgsCitation":"Ruppert, L., Minkin, J., McGee, J.J., and Cecil, C.B., 1992, An unusual occurrence of arsenic-bearing pyrite in the Upper Freeport coal bed, West-Central Pennsylvania: Energy & Fuels, v. 6, no. 2, p. 120-125, https://doi.org/10.1021/ef00032a002.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"120","endPage":"125","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225189,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","volume":"6","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eab1e4b0c8380cd48a07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruppert, L.F. 0000-0003-4990-0539","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539","contributorId":59043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppert","given":"L.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Minkin, J.A.","contributorId":38588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minkin","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGee, J. J.","contributorId":92271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGee","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cecil, C. B. 0000-0002-9032-1689","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9032-1689","contributorId":62204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cecil","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70017328,"text":"70017328 - 1992 - Earth and Mars: Water inventories as clues to accretional histories","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-15T23:21:30.580845","indexId":"70017328","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earth and Mars: Water inventories as clues to accretional histories","docAbstract":"

The Earth has 2.7 km of water on its surface. Its mantle contains at least 150 ppm water, and probably significantly more depending on the amount of undepleted mantle and subducted crustal water that is present. Geologic evidence suggests that a few hundred meters of water are close to the Martian surface, but evidence from SNC meteorites indicates that the Martian mantle is very dry, containing no more than about 35 ppm water. Part of the difference in water content of the mantles of the two planets is attributed to plate tectonics. However, the Earth's mantle appears to contain at least several times the water content of the Martian mantle, even accounting for plate tectonics. We attribute the difference to two possible causes. The first possibility is that melting of the Earth's surface during accretion, as a result of the development of a steam atmosphere, allowed impact-devolatized water at the surface to dissolve into the Earth's interior. In contrast, because of Mars' smaller size and greater distance from the Sun, the Martian surface may not have melted, so that the devolatilized water could not dissolve into the surface. A second and preferred possibility is that Mars, like the Earth, acquired a late volatile rich veneer, but it did not get folded into the interior as with the Earth, but instead remained as a water-rich veneer. The perception of Mars as having a wet surface, but a dry interior, is consistent with what we know of the geologic history of Mars, which can be viewed as the progressive intrusion and overplating of a water-rich crust by dry, mantle-derived volcanic rocks.




","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0019-1035(92)90207-N","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Carr, M.H., and Wanke, H., 1992, Earth and Mars: Water inventories as clues to accretional histories: Icarus, v. 98, no. 1, p. 61-71, https://doi.org/10.1016/0019-1035(92)90207-N.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"71","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224691,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"98","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0498e4b0c8380cd50a94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carr, M. H.","contributorId":84727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":376146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wanke, H.","contributorId":32685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wanke","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016968,"text":"70016968 - 1992 - Comparison of purge and trap GC/MS and purgeable organic chloride analysis for monitoring volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-15T05:23:34","indexId":"70016968","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of purge and trap GC/MS and purgeable organic chloride analysis for monitoring volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons","docAbstract":"

A combined field and laboratory study was conducted to compare purge and trap gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (PT‐GC/MS) and purgeable organic chloride (POC1) analysis for measuring volatile chlorinated hydro‐carbons (VCH) in ground water. Distilled‐water spike and recovery experiments using 10 VCH indicate that at concentrations greater than 1 /ig/1 recovery is more than 80 percent for both methods with relative standard deviations of about 10 percent. Ground‐water samples were collected from a site on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, where a shallow unconfined aquifer has been contaminated by VCH, and were analyzed by both methods. Results for PT‐GC/MS and POC1 analysis of the ground‐water samples were not significantly different (alpha = 0.05, paired t‐test analysis) and indicated little bias between the two methods. Similar conclusions about concentrations and distributions of VCH in the ground‐water contamination plume were drawn from the two data sets. However, only PT‐GC/MS analysis identified the individual compounds present and determined their concentrations, which was necessary for toxicological and biogeochemical evaluation of the contaminated ground water. POC1 analysis was a complimentary method for use with PT‐GC/MS analysis for identifying samples with VCH concentrations below the detection limit or with high VCH concentrations that require dilution. Use of POC1 as a complimentary monitoring method for PT‐GC/MS can result in more efficient use of analytical resources.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1992.tb01565.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Barber, L.B., Thurman, E.M., Takahashi, Y., and Noriega, M.C., 1992, Comparison of purge and trap GC/MS and purgeable organic chloride analysis for monitoring volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons: Ground Water, v. 30, no. 6, p. 836-842, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1992.tb01565.x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"836","endPage":"842","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224668,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f885e4b0c8380cd4d16a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barber, Larry B. 0000-0002-0561-0831 lbbarber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0561-0831","contributorId":921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"Larry","email":"lbbarber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":374994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thurman, E. Michael","contributorId":9636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Takahashi, Yoshi","contributorId":46230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takahashi","given":"Yoshi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Noriega, Mary C. mnoriega@usgs.gov","contributorId":2553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noriega","given":"Mary","email":"mnoriega@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":374995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70017271,"text":"70017271 - 1992 - Surface chemistry associated with the cooling and subaerial weathering of recent basalt flows","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-12T16:10:09.975718","indexId":"70017271","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surface chemistry associated with the cooling and subaerial weathering of recent basalt flows","docAbstract":"

The surface chemistry of fresh and weathered historical basalt flows was characterized using surface-sensitive X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Surfaces of unweathered 1987–1990 flows from the Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, exhibited variable enrichment in Al, Mg, Ca, and F due to the formation of refractory fluoride compounds and pronounced depletion in Si and Fe from the volatilization of SiF4 and FeF3 during cooling. These reactions, as predicted from shifts in thermodynamic equilibrium with temperature, are induced by diffusion of HF from the flow interiors to the cooling surface. The lack of Si loss and solid fluoride formation for recent basalts from the Krafla Volcano, Iceland, suggest HF degassing at higher temperatures.

Subsequent short-term subaerial weathering reactions are strongly influenced by the initial surface composition of the flow and therefore its cooling history. Successive samples collected from the 1987 Kilauea flow demonstrated that the fluoridated flow surfaces leached to a predominantly SiO2 composition by natural weathering within one year. These chemically depleted surfaces were also observed on Hawaiian basalt flows dating back to 1801 AD. Solubility and kinetic models, based on thermodynamic and kinetic data for crystalline AlF3, MgF2, and CaF2, support observed elemental depletion rates due to chemical weathering. Additional loss of alkalis from the Hawaiian basalt occurs from incongruent dissolution of the basalt glass substrate during weathering.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(92)90164-E","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"White, A.F., and Hochella, M., 1992, Surface chemistry associated with the cooling and subaerial weathering of recent basalt flows: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 56, no. 10, p. 3711-3721, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(92)90164-E.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"3711","endPage":"3721","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224538,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9f97e4b08c986b31e6c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, A. F.","contributorId":36546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hochella, M.F. Jr.","contributorId":30765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hochella","given":"M.F.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017247,"text":"70017247 - 1992 - Laser microprobe analyses of Cl, Br, I, and K in fluid inclusions: Implications for sources of salinity in some ancient hydrothermal fluids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-05T11:00:42","indexId":"70017247","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Laser microprobe analyses of Cl, Br, I, and K in fluid inclusions: Implications for sources of salinity in some ancient hydrothermal fluids","docAbstract":"

The relative concentrations of Cl, Br, I, and K in fluid inclusions in hydrothermal minerals were measured by laser microprobe noble gas mass spectrometry on irradiated samples containing 10−10 to 10−8 L of fluid. Distinctive halogen signatures indicate contrasting sources of fluid salinity in fluid inclusions from representative “magmatic” (St. Austell), “metamorphic” (Alleghany), and “geothermal” (Creede, Salton Sea) aqueous systems. Br/Cl mol ratios are lowest at Salton Sea (0.27–0.33 × 10−3), where high salinities are largely due to halite dissolution; intermediate at St. Austell (0.85 × 10−3), possibly representative of magmatic volatiles; and highest (near that of seawater) at Creede (1.5–2.1 × 10−3) and Alleghany (1.2–2.4 × 10−3), where dissolved halogens probably were leached from volcanic and (or) nonevaporitic sedimentary rocks. IC1\">IC1 mol ratios are lowest (near that of seawater) at Creede (1–14 × 10−6), possibly because organisms scavenged I during low temperature recharge; intermediate at Salton Sea (24–26 × 10−6) and St. Austell (81× 10−6); and highest at Alleghany (320–940 × 10−6), probably because the fluids interacted with organic-rich sediments at high temperatures before being trapped. KCl\">KCl mol ratios indicate disequilibrium with respect to hypothetical feldspathic alkali-Al-silicate mineral buffers at fluid inclusion trapping temperatures at Creede, and large contributions of (Na, K)-bicarbonate to total fluid ionic strength at Alleghany. Significant variations in Cl/Br/I/K ratios among different fluid inclusion types are correlated with previously documented mineralization stages at Creede, and with the apparent oxidation state of dissolved carbon at Alleghany. The new data indicate that Cl/ Br/I ratios in hydrothermal fluid inclusions vary by several orders of magnitude, as they do in modern surface and ground waters. This study demonstrates that halogen signatures of fluid inclusions determined by microanalysis yield important information about sources of fluid salinity and provide excellent definition of fluid reservoirs and tracers of flow and interaction in ancient hydrothermal systems.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(92)90127-5","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Böhlke, J., and Irwin, J., 1992, Laser microprobe analyses of Cl, Br, I, and K in fluid inclusions: Implications for sources of salinity in some ancient hydrothermal fluids: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 56, no. 1, p. 203-225, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(92)90127-5.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"203","endPage":"225","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224969,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a44b4e4b0c8380cd66d00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Irwin, J.J.","contributorId":76889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}