In 2007, the California Ocean Protection Council initiated the California Seafloor Mapping Program (CSMP), designed to create a comprehensive seafloor map of high-resolution bathymetry, marine benthic habitats, and geology within the 3-nautical-mile limit of California’s State Waters. The CSMP approach is to create highly detailed seafloor maps through collection, integration, interpretation, and visualization of swath sonar data, acoustic backscatter, seafloor video, seafloor photography, high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles, and bottom-sediment sampling data. The map products display seafloor morphology and character, identify potential marine benthic habitats, and illustrate both the surficial seafloor geology and shallow subsurface geology.
\nThe Offshore of Scott Creek map area is located in central California, on the Pacific Coast about 65 km south of San Francisco and 12 km northwest of Santa Cruz. The onshore part of the map area is sparsely populated; the only cultural center is Davenport, a small community with a population of less than 500. The hilly coastal area is virtually undeveloped, and a large percentage of coastal land is incorporated in open-space trusts. Agricultural land is almost entirely limited to coastal areas between the shoreline and the northwest-trending Santa Cruz Mountains, on Pleistocene alluvial fan deposits and the lowest emergent marine terrace. The Santa Cruz Mountains are part of the northwest-trending Coast Ranges that run roughly parallel to the San Andreas Fault Zone.
\nThe map area is cut by the San Gregorio Fault Zone, and it lies a few kilometers southwest of the San Andreas Fault Zone. Regional folding and uplift along the coast has been attributed to a westward bend in the San Andreas Fault Zone and also to right-lateral movement along the San Gregorio Fault Zone. The irregular coastal geomorphology of this area, which consists of low, rocky cliffs and sparse, small pocket beaches backed by low, terraced hills, is partly attributable to this ongoing deformation.
\nThe shelf in the map area is underlain by variable amounts (0 to 25 m) of upper Quaternary shelf, nearshore, and fluvial sediments deposited as sea level fluctuated in the late Pleistocene. The northernmost part of the map area is characterized by the presence of uplifted bedrock that has been linked to a local transpressional zone in the San Gregorio Fault Zone. This uplift, coupled with high wave energy, has resulted in little or no sediment cover in this area where exposures of bedrock are present at water depths of as much as 45 m. The thickest deposits of sediment lie offshore of both Davenport and the mouth of Waddell Creek.
\nCoastal sediment transport in the map area is characterized by north-to-south littoral transport of sediment that is derived mainly from streams in the Santa Cruz Mountains and also from local coastal erosion. Shoreline-change studies indicate long-term erosion; within the region between San Francisco and Davenport, the highest long- and short-term coastal-erosion rates occur north of the map area, just north of Point Año Nuevo. During the last approximately 300 years, as much as 18 million cubic yards (14 million cubic meters) of sand-sized sediment has been eroded from the area between Año Nuevo Island and Point Año Nuevo and transported south. Once widened by this pulse of eroded sediment, beaches in the map area are now narrowing as the tail end of this mass of sand progresses farther south.
\nThe Offshore of Scott Creek map area lies within the cold-temperate biogeographic zone that is called either the “Oregonian province” or the “northern California ecoregion.” This biogeographic province is maintained by the long-term stability of the southward-flowing California Current, the eastern limb of the North Pacific subtropical gyre that flows from southern British Columbia to Baja California. At its midpoint off central California, the California Current transports subarctic surface (0–500 m deep) waters southward, about 150 to 1,300 km from shore. Seasonal northwesterly winds that are, in part, responsible for the California Current, generate coastal upwelling. The south end of the Oregonian province is at Point Conception (about 320 km south of the map area), although its associated phylogeographic group of marine fauna may extend beyond to the area offshore of Los Angeles in southern California. The ocean off of central California has experienced a warming over the last 50 years that is driving an ecosystem shift away from the productive subarctic regime towards a depopulated subtropical environment.
\nSeafloor habitats in the Offshore of Scott Creek map area, which lie within the Shelf (continental shelf) megahabitat, range from significant rocky outcrops that support kelp-forest communities nearshore to rocky-reef communities in deeper water. Biological productivity resulting from coastal upwelling supports populations of Sooty Shearwater, Western Gull, Common Murre, Cassin’s Auklet, and many other less populous bird species. In addition, an observable recovery of Humpback and Blue Whales has occurred in the area; both species are dependent on coastal upwelling to provide nutrients. The large extent of exposed inner shelf bedrock supports large forests of “bull kelp,” which is well adapted for high-wave-energy environments. The kelp beds are the northernmost known habitat for the population of southern sea otters. Common fish species found in the kelp beds and rocky reefs include lingcod and various species of rockfish and greenling.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151191","usgsCitation":"Cochrane, G.R., Dartnell, P., Johnson, S.Y., Greene, H.G., Erdey, M.D., Dieter, B.E., Golden, N.E., Endris, C.A., Hartwell, S.R., Kvitek, R.G., Davenport, C.W., Watt, J.T., Krigsman, L.M., Ritchie, A.C., Sliter, R.W., Finlayson, D.P., and Maier, K.L. (G.R. Cochrane and S.A. Cochran, eds.), 2015, California State Waters Map Series — Offshore of Scott Creek, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1191, pamphlet 40 p., 10 sheets, scale 1:24,000, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151191.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: iv, 40 p.; 10 Sheets: 51 x 36 inches or less; Dataset; Metadata","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-058155","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438667,"rank":20,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7CJ8BJW","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series Data Catalog--Offshore of Scott Creek, California"},{"id":310185,"rank":18,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7CJ8BJW","text":"Data Catalog","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2015-1191 Data Catalog","linkHelpText":"The GIS data layers for this map are accessible from “Data Catalog—Offshore of Scott Creek, California,” which is part of California State Waters Map Series Data Catalog. Each GIS data file is listed with a brief description, a small image, and links to the metadata files and the downloadable data files."},{"id":310184,"rank":17,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1191/ofr20151191_metadata.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2015-1191 Metadata"},{"id":310104,"rank":15,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1191/ofr20151191_sheet10.pdf","text":"Sheet 10","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1191 Sheet 10","linkHelpText":"Offshore and Onshore Geology and Geomorphology, Offshore of Scott Creek Map Area, California By Stephen R. Hartwell, Samuel Y. Johnson, and Clifton W. Davenport"},{"id":310103,"rank":14,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1191/ofr20151191_sheet9.pdf","text":"Sheet 9","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1191 Sheet 9","linkHelpText":"Local (Offshore of Scott Creek Map Area) and Regional (Offshore from Pigeon Point to Southern Monterey Bay) Shallow-Subsurface Geology and Structure, California By Samuel Y. Johnson, Stephen R. Hartwell, Janet T. Watt, Ray W. Sliter, and Katherine L. Maier"},{"id":310102,"rank":13,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1191/ofr20151191_sheet8.pdf","text":"Sheet 8","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1191 Sheet 8","linkHelpText":"Seismic-Reflection Profiles, Offshore of Scott Creek Map Area, California by Samuel Y. Johnson, Stephen R. Hartwell, and Ray W. Sliter"},{"id":310101,"rank":12,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1191/ofr20151191_sheet7.pdf","text":"Sheet 7","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1191 Sheet 7","linkHelpText":"Potential Marine Benthic Habitats, Offshore of Scott Creek Map Area, California By Charles A. Endris, H. Gary Greene, Bryan E. Dieter, and Mercedes D. Erdey"},{"id":310093,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1214/","text":"Open-File Report 2014–1214","description":"Open-File Report 2014–1214","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series—Offshore of Half Moon Bay, California, by Guy R. Cochrane and others"},{"id":399010,"rank":19,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_103676.htm"},{"id":310168,"rank":16,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1191/ofr20151191_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1191 Pamphlet"},{"id":310100,"rank":11,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1191/ofr20151191_sheet6.pdf","text":"Sheet 6","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1191 Sheet 6","linkHelpText":"Ground-Truth Studies, Offshore of Scott Creek Map Area, California By Nadine E. Golden, Guy R. Cochrane, and Lisa M. Krigsman"},{"id":310099,"rank":10,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1191/ofr20151191_sheet5.pdf","text":"Sheet 5","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1191 Sheet 5","linkHelpText":"Seafloor Character, Offshore of Scott Creek Map Area, California By Mercedes D. Erdey and Guy R. Cochrane"},{"id":310098,"rank":9,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1191/ofr20151191_sheet4.pdf","text":"Sheet 4","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR2015-1191 Sheet 4","linkHelpText":"Data Integration and Visualization, Offshore of Scott Creek Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell"},{"id":310097,"rank":8,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1191/ofr20151191_sheet3.pdf","text":"Sheet 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1191 Sheet 3","linkHelpText":"Acoustic Backscatter, Offshore of Scott Creek Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell, Andrew C. Ritchie, David P. Finlayson, and Rikk G. Kvitek"},{"id":310096,"rank":7,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1191/ofr20151191_sheet2.pdf","text":"Sheet 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1191 Sheet 2","linkHelpText":"Shaded-Relief Bathymetry, Offshore of Scott Creek Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell, Andrew C. Ritchie, David P. Finlayson, and Rikk G. Kvitek"},{"id":310095,"rank":6,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1191/ofr20151191_sheet1.pdf","text":"Sheet 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1191 Sheet 1","linkHelpText":"Colored Shaded-Relief Bathymetry, Offshore of Scott Creek Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell, Andrew C. Ritchie, David P. Finlayson, and Rikk G. Kvitek"},{"id":310094,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1260/","text":"Open-File Report 2014–1260","description":"Open-File Report 2014–1260","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series—Offshore of Pacifica, California, by Brian D. Edwards and others."},{"id":310092,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3306/","text":"Scientific Investigations Map 3306","description":"Scientific Investigations Map 3306","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series—Offshore of San Gregorio, California, by Guy R. Cochrane and others."},{"id":310091,"rank":2,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/","text":"Data Series 781","description":"Data Series 781","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series Data Catalog"},{"id":310090,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1191/coverthb.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Scott Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.3867,\n 36.9428\n ],\n [\n -122.1881,\n 36.9428\n ],\n [\n -122.1881,\n 37.1022\n ],\n [\n -122.3867,\n 37.1022\n ],\n [\n -122.3867,\n 36.9428\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Contact Information
Pacific Coastal & Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Pacific Science Center
2885 Mission St.
Santa Cruz, CA 95060
http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/
In the Pacific Northwest, coastal wetlands support a wealth of ecosystem services including habitat provision for wildlife and fisheries and flood protection. The tidal marshes, mudflats, and shallow bays of coastal estuaries link marine, freshwater, and terrestrial habitats, and provide economic and recreational benefits to local communities. Climate change effects such as sea-level rise are altering these habitats, but we know little about how these areas will change over the next 50–100 years. Our study examined the effects of sea-level rise on nine tidal marshes in Washington and Oregon between 2012 and 2015, with the goal of providing scientific data to support future coastal planning and conservation. We compiled physical and biological data, including coastal topography, tidal inundation, vegetation structure, as well as recent and historical sediment accretion rates, to assess and model how sea-level rise may alter these ecosystems in the future. Multiple factors, including initial elevation, marsh productivity, sediment availability, and rates of sea-level rise, affected marsh persistence. Under a low sea-level rise scenario, all marshes remained vegetated with little change in the present configuration of communities of marsh plants or gradually increased proportions of middle-, high-, or transition-elevation zones of marsh vegetation. However, at most sites, mid sea-level rise projections led to loss of habitat of middle and high marshes and a gain of low marshes. Under a high sea-level rise scenario, marshes at most sites eventually converted to intertidal mudflats. Two sites (Grays Harbor and Willapa) seemed to have the most resilience to a high rate of rise in sea-level, persisting as low marsh until at least 2110. Our main model finding is that most tidal marsh study sites are resilient to sea-level rise over the next 50–70 years, but that sea-level rise will eventually outpace marsh accretion and drown most habitats of high and middle marshes by 2110.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151204","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Northwest Climate Science Center","usgsCitation":"Thorne, K.M., Dugger, B.D., Buffington, K.J., Freeman, C.M., Janousek, C.N., Powelson, K.W., Gutenspergen, G.R., and Takekawa, J.Y., 2015, Marshes to mudflats—Effects of sea-level rise on tidal marshes along a latitudinal gradient in the Pacific Northwest: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1204, 54 p. plus appendixes, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151204.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 54 p.; Appendixes: A-I","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2012-01-01","temporalEnd":"2015-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-063198","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311426,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1204/ofr20151204.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8. MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1204 PDF"},{"id":311427,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1204/ofr20151204_appendixesA-I.pdf","text":"Appendixes A-I","size":"6.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1204 Appendix PDF"},{"id":311425,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1204/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.4111328125,\n 32.58384932565662\n ],\n [\n -121.53076171875,\n 38.09998264736481\n ],\n [\n -123.28857421875,\n 42.00032514831621\n ],\n [\n -122.03613281249999,\n 49.009050809382046\n ],\n [\n -124.73876953125,\n 48.3416461723746\n ],\n [\n -124.69482421875,\n 42.74701217318067\n ],\n [\n -124.51904296875,\n 40.26276066437183\n ],\n [\n -122.87109375,\n 36.98500309285596\n ],\n [\n -120.80566406250001,\n 34.252676117101515\n ],\n [\n -118.2568359375,\n 33.55970664841198\n ],\n [\n -117.333984375,\n 32.509761735919426\n ],\n [\n -116.4111328125,\n 32.58384932565662\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819
http://www.werc.usgs.gov/
An evaluation was conducted to estimate dam passage survival of juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) at Detroit Dam during a period of spill. To estimate dam passage survival, we used a paired-release recapture study design and released groups of tagged fish upstream (997 fish) and downstream (625 fish) of Detroit Dam. A total of 43 fish (6.8 percent) passed Detroit Dam from the upstream release group and passage occurred through regulating outlets (54.8 percent), spill bays (31.0 percent), and turbines (14.3 percent). We do not present dam passage survival estimates from 2014 because these estimates would have been highly uncertain due to the low number of fish that passed Detroit Dam during the study. Secondary objectives were addressed using data collected from tagged fish that were released at the downstream release site.
\nJuvenile salmonids have multiple passage options at the Bennett Dam complex, which includes a series of dams and braided channels. A pair of Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) monitoring arrays were installed at Upper Bennett Dam and in the Stayton Canal by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife during 2014. We deployed acoustic telemetry hydrophones near these arrays to detect acoustic-tagged fish from our study and used these detections to quantify proportions of tagged fish passing through the two routes. About one-fourth (0.257) of the tagged fish that were released downstream of Big Cliff Dam were detected on the new PIT tag array while passing the Bennett Dam complex. A total of 402 acoustic-tagged fish were detected at the complex and many (248 fish; 62 percent) eventually entered the Stayton Canal. Median residence time in the canal was 6.5 hours, but 12.7 percent of the fish had extended residence times (7–37 days). Passage also was monitored at the Sullivan Project at Willamette Falls and about 40 percent (0.398) of the tagged fish passing the project were detected on the PIT tag array.
\nA Cormack-Jolly-Seber mark-recapture model was developed to provide reach-specific survival estimates for juvenile Chinook salmon. A portion of the tagged population overwintered in the Willamette River Basin and outmigrated several months after release. As a result, survival estimates from the model would have been negatively biased by factors such as acoustic tag failure and tag loss. Data from laboratory studies were incorporated into the model to provide survival estimates that accounted for these factors. In the North Santiam River between Minto Dam and the Bennett Dam complex, a distance of 37.2 kilometers, survival was estimated to be 0.844 (95-percent confidence interval 0.795–0.893). The survival estimate for the 203.7 kilometer reach between the Bennett Dam complex and Portland, Oregon, was 0.279 (95-percent confidence interval 0.234–0.324), and included portions of the North Santiam, Santiam, and Willamette Rivers. The cumulative survival estimate in the 240.9 kilometer reach from the Minto Dam tailrace to Portland was 0.236 (95-percent confidence interval 0.197–0.275).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151220","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Kock, T.J., Beeman, J.W., Hansen, A.C., Hansel, H.C., Hansen, G.S., Hatton, T.W., Kofoot, E.E., Sholtis, M.D., and Sprando, J.M., 2015, Behavior, passage, and downstream migration of juvenile Chinook salmon from Detroit Reservoir to Portland, Oregon, 2014–15: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1220, 30 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151220.","productDescription":"vi, 30 p.","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2014-08-01","temporalEnd":"2015-06-30","ipdsId":"IP-067565","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311361,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1220/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":311362,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1220/ofr20151220.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1220 PDF"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","city":"Portland","otherGeospatial":"Detroit Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.20068359374999,\n 44.65693173288727\n ],\n [\n -123.20068359374999,\n 45.5679096098613\n ],\n [\n -122.07733154296875,\n 45.5679096098613\n ],\n [\n -122.07733154296875,\n 44.65693173288727\n ],\n [\n -123.20068359374999,\n 44.65693173288727\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Western Fisheries Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6505 NE 65th Street
Seattle, Washington 98115
http://wfrc.usgs.gov/
An inverse relationship has been demonstrated between water temperature and the ratio of strontium to calcium (Sr/Ca) in coral aragonite for a number of Pacific species of the genus Porites. This empirically determined relationship has been used to reconstruct past sea-surface temperature (SST) from modern and Holocene age coral archives. A study was conducted to investigate this relationship for Porites astreoides to determine the potential for using these corals as a paleotemperature archive in the Caribbean and western tropical Atlantic Ocean. Skeletal aragonite from a P. astreoides colony growing offshore of the southeast coast of Florida was subsampled with a mean temporal resolution of 14 samples per year and analyzed for Sr/Ca. The resulting Sr/Ca time series yielded well-defined annual cycles that correspond to annual growth bands in the coral. Sr/Ca was regressed against a monthly SST record from C-MAN buoy station FWYF1 (located at Fowey Rocks, Florida), resulting in the following Sr/Ca-SST relationship: Sr/Ca = –0.040*SST + 10.128 (R = –0.77). A 10-year time series of Sr/Ca-derived SST yields annual cycles with a 10–12 degree Celsius seasonal amplitude, consistent with available local instrumental records. We conclude that Sr/Ca in Porites astreoides from the Caribbean/Atlantic region has high potential for developing subannually resolved modern and recent Holocene SST records.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151182","usgsCitation":"Busch, T.E., Flannery, J.A., Richey, J.N., and Stathakopoulos, Anastasios, 2015, The relationship between the ratio of strontium to calcium and sea-surface temperature in a modern Porites astreoides coral—Implications for using P. astreoides as a paleoclimate archive: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1182, 10 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151182.","productDescription":"iv, 10 p.","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065459","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311286,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1182/ofr20151182.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.58 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1182"},{"id":311285,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1182/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","city":"Miami","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.99621582031249,\n 24.956180020055925\n ],\n [\n -82.99621582031249,\n 27.756468889550746\n ],\n [\n -79.38720703125,\n 27.756468889550746\n ],\n [\n -79.38720703125,\n 24.956180020055925\n ],\n [\n -82.99621582031249,\n 24.956180020055925\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
600 4th Street South
St. Petersburg, FL 33701
http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/
The SonTek-IQ Plus (IQ Plus) is a bottom-mounted Doppler instrument used for the measurement of water depth and velocity. Evaluation testing of the IQ Plus was performed to assess the accuracy of water depth, discharge, and velocity measurements. The IQ Plus met the manufacturer’s specifications and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) standard for depth accuracy measurement when the unit was installed, according to the manufacturer’s instructions, at 0 degrees pitch and roll. However, because of the limited depth testing conducted, the depth measurement is not recommended as a primary stage measurement. The IQ Plus was tested in a large indoor tilting flume in a 5-foot (ft) wide, approximately 2.3-ft deep section with mean velocities of 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 ft per second. Four IQ Plus instruments using firmware 1.52 tested for water-discharge accuracy using SonTek’s “theoretical” discharge method had a negative bias of -2.4 to -11.6 percent when compared with discharge measured with a SonTek FlowTracker and the midsection discharge method. The IQ Pluses with firmware 1.52 did not meet the manufacturer’s specification of +/-1 percent for measuring velocity. Three IQ Pluses using firmware 1.60 and SonTek’s “theoretical” method had a difference of -1.6 to -7.9 percent when compared with discharge measured with a SonTek FlowTracker and the midsection method. Mean-velocity measurements with firmware 1.60 met the manufacturer’s specification and Price Type AA meter accuracy requirements when compared with FlowTracker measurements. Because of the instrument’s velocity accuracy, the SonTek-IQ Plus with firmware 1.60 is considered acceptable for use as an index velocity instrument for the USGS. The discharge computed by the SonTek-IQ Plus during the tests had a substantial negative bias and will not be as accurate as a discharge computed with the index velocity method. The USGS does not recommend the use of undocumented computation methods, such as SonTek’s “theoretical” method for computing discharge.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151139","usgsCitation":"Fulford, J.M., and Kimball, Scott, 2015, Hydraulic laboratory testing of SonTek-IQ Plus: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1139, 16 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151139.","productDescription":"vi, 16 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065363","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311142,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1139/ofr20151139.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.09 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1139"},{"id":311141,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1139/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Chief, Hydrologic Instrumentation Facility
U.S. Geological Survey
Building 2101
Stennis Space Center, MS 39529
http://water.usgs.gov/hif/
In a study conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, water samples were collected from 4 production wells and 4 domestic wells in the Chemung River Basin, 8 production wells and 7 domestic wells in the Eastern Lake Ontario Basin, and 12 production wells and 13 domestic wells in the Lower Hudson River Basin (south of the Federal Lock and Dam at Troy) in New York. All samples were collected in June, July, and August 2013 to characterize groundwater quality in these basins. The samples were collected and processed using standard USGS procedures and were analyzed for 148 physiochemical properties and constituents, including dissolved gases, major ions, nutrients, trace elements, pesticides, volatile organic compounds, radionuclides, and indicator bacteria.
\nThe Chemung River Basin study area covers 1,744 square miles in south-central New York and encompasses the part of the Chemung River Basin that lies within New York. Two of the wells sampled in the Chemung River Basin are completed in sand and gravel, and 6 are completed in bedrock. Groundwater in the Chemung River Basin was generally of good quality, although properties and concentrations of some constituents—sodium, arsenic, aluminum, iron, manganese, radon-222, total coliform bacteria, and Escherichia coli bacteria—equaled or exceeded primary, secondary, or proposed drinking-water standards. The constituent most frequently detected in concentrations exceeding drinking-water standards (six of eight samples) was radon-222.
\nThe Eastern Lake Ontario Basin study area covers 3,225 square miles in north-central New York. The Eastern Lake Ontario Basin (between the Oswego River Basin and the St. Lawrence River Basin) includes the Mid-Northern Lake Ontario Basin, the Black River Basin, and the Chaumont River-Perch River Basin. Five of the wells sampled in the Eastern Lake Ontario Basin are completed in sand and gravel, and 10 are completed in bedrock. Groundwater in the Eastern Lake Ontario Basin was generally of good quality, although properties and concentrations of some constituents—color, pH, sodium, dissolved solids, fluoride, iron, manganese, uranium, gross-α radioactivity, radon-222, total coliform bacteria, and fecal coliform bacteria—equaled or exceeded primary, secondary, or proposed drinking-water standards. The constituent most frequently detected in concentrations exceeding drinking-water standards (10 of 15 samples) was radon-222.
\nThe Lower Hudson River Basin study area covers 5,607 square miles and encompasses the part of the Lower Hudson River Basin that lies within New York plus the parts of the Housatonic, Hackensack, Bronx, and Saugatuck River Basins that are in New York. Twelve of the wells sampled in the Lower Hudson River Basin are completed in sand-and-gravel deposits, and 13 are completed in bedrock. Groundwater in the Lower Hudson River Basin was generally of good quality, although properties and concentrations of some constituents—pH, sodium, chloride, dissolved solids, arsenic, aluminum, iron, manganese, radon-222, total coliform bacteria, fecal coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli bacteria, and heterotrophic plate count—equaled or exceeded primary, secondary, or proposed drinking-water standards. The constituent most frequently detected in concentrations exceeding drinking-water standards (20 of 25 samples) was radon-222.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151168","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","usgsCitation":"Scott, T.-M., Nystrom, E.A., and Reddy, J.E., 2015, Groundwater quality in the Chemung River, eastern Lake Ontario, and lower Hudson River Basins, New York, 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1168, 41 p., appendixes, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151168.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 39 p.; Appendixes: 1-2","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2013-01-01","temporalEnd":"2013-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-061358","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310960,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1168/ofr20151168.pdf","text":"Report","size":"15.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1168"},{"id":310961,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1168/appendix/ofr20151168_appendix1.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1","size":"113 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"OFR 2015-1168","linkHelpText":"Results of Water-Sample Analyses, 2013"},{"id":310962,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1168/appendix/ofr20151168_appendix2.xlsx","text":"Appendix 2","size":"58.5 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"OFR 2015-1168","linkHelpText":"Results of Water-Sample Analyses, 2008 and 2013"},{"id":310959,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1168/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Chemung River Basin, Eastern Lake Ontario Basin, Lower Hudson River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.6845703125,\n 43.30119623257966\n ],\n [\n -76.6845703125,\n 44.41024041296011\n ],\n [\n -73.76220703125,\n 44.41024041296011\n ],\n [\n -73.76220703125,\n 43.30119623257966\n ],\n [\n -76.6845703125,\n 43.30119623257966\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.7227783203125,\n 42.00032514831621\n ],\n [\n -77.7227783203125,\n 42.44778143462245\n ],\n [\n -76.4263916015625,\n 42.44778143462245\n ],\n [\n -76.4263916015625,\n 42.00032514831621\n ],\n [\n -77.7227783203125,\n 42.00032514831621\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.817138671875,\n 40.81796653313175\n ],\n [\n -73.641357421875,\n 41.0130657870063\n ],\n [\n -73.7127685546875,\n 41.10005163093046\n ],\n [\n -73.4600830078125,\n 41.20758898181025\n ],\n [\n -73.5479736328125,\n 41.29844430929419\n ],\n [\n -73.27880859375,\n 42.742978093466434\n ],\n [\n -74.2291259765625,\n 42.90011265525328\n ],\n [\n -74.72351074218749,\n 41.364441530542244\n ],\n [\n -73.916015625,\n 41.000629848685385\n ],\n [\n -74.036865234375,\n 40.713955826286046\n ],\n [\n -73.817138671875,\n 40.81796653313175\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Road
Troy, NY 12180-8349
Information requests:
(518) 285-5602
or visit our Web site at:
http://ny.water.usgs.gov
A collection of 24 datasets, including streamflow, well characteristics, groundwater elevations, and discrete water-quality concentrations, is provided to produce a consistent set of example data to demonstrate typical data manipulations or statistical analysis of hydrologic data. These example data are provided in an R package called smwrData. The data in the package have been collected by the U.S. Geological Survey or published in its reports, for example Helsel and Hirsch (2002). The R package provides a convenient mechanism for distributing the data to users of R within the U.S. Geological Survey and other users in the R community.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151103","usgsCitation":"Lorenz, D.L., 2015, smwrData—An R package of example hydrologic data, version 1.1.1: U.S. Geological\nSurvey Open-File Report 2015–1103, 5 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151103.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 3 p.; Appendix","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-040392","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311067,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1103/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":311068,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1103/ofr20151103.pdf","text":"Report","size":"316 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":311069,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1103/downloads/smwrData-manual.pdf","text":"Appendix","size":"193 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Appendix"}],"contact":"Director, Minnesota Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2280 Woodale Drive
Mounds View, Minnesota 55112
http://mn.water.usgs.gov/
Crocker Reef, located on the outer reef tract of the Florida Keys (fig. 1), was the site of an integrated “reefscape characterization” effort focused on calcification and related biogeochemical processes as part of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Coral Reef Ecosystem STudies (CREST) project. It is characterized as a senile or dead reef, with only scattered stony coral colonies and areas of sand and rubble. It was chosen as an end-member for later comparison to sites with a healthy, growing reef framework. The CREST reefscape characterization included two intensive seasonal sampling trips to capture summer (July 8–17, 2014) and winter (January 29–February 5, 2015) conditions. This report presents water column microbial and environmental data collected for use as metadata in future publications examining reef metabolic processes via metagenomes derived from water samples and fine-scale temporal and spatial carbonate chemistry measurements.
\nMicrobial measurements included enumeration of total bacteria, enumeration of virus-like particles, and plate counts of Vibrio spp. colony-forming units (CFU). These measurements were intended to give a sense of any seasonal changes in the total microbial load and to provide an indication of water quality. Additional environmental parameters measured included water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and pH. Four sites (table 1) were intensively sampled for periods of approximately 48 hours during summer (July 2014) and winter (January–February 2015), during which water samples were collected every 4 hours for analysis, except when prevented by weather conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151203","usgsCitation":"Kellogg, C.A., Yates, K.K., Lawler, S.N., Moore, C.S., and Smiley, N.A., 2015, Seasonal microbial and environmental parameters at Crocker Reef, Florida Keys, 2014–2015: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1203, 12 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151203.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 12 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-068435","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310880,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1203/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":310883,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F74Q7S25","text":"Data Release","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2015-1203","linkHelpText":"Microbial and environmental dataset from Crocker Reef, Florida Keys, 2014-2015"},{"id":310881,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1203/ofr20151203.pdf","text":"Report","size":"776 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1203"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Crocker Reef","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.58677673339842,\n 24.94186090727989\n ],\n [\n -80.58677673339842,\n 25.027750592082853\n ],\n [\n -80.49407958984375,\n 25.027750592082853\n ],\n [\n -80.49407958984375,\n 24.94186090727989\n ],\n [\n -80.58677673339842,\n 24.94186090727989\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
600 Fourth Street South
St. Petersburg, Florida 33701-4846
http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/
This document provides an overview of the capabilities, design, and use cases of the data acquisition and archiving subsystem at the U.S. Geological Survey National Earthquake Information Center. The Edge and Continuous Waveform Buffer software supports the National Earthquake Information Center’s worldwide earthquake monitoring mission in direct station data acquisition, data import, short- and long-term data archiving, data distribution, query services, and playback, among other capabilities. The software design and architecture can be configured to support acquisition and (or) archiving use cases. The software continues to be developed in order to expand the acquisition, storage, and distribution capabilities.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151174","usgsCitation":"Patton, J.M., Ketchum, D.C., and Guy, M.R., 2015, An overview of the National Earthquake Information Center acquisition software system, Edge/Continuous Waveform Buffer: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1174, 10 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151174.","productDescription":"iv, 10 p.","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-067426","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310780,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1174/ofr20151174.pdf","text":"Report","size":"688 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1174"},{"id":310779,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1174/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, Geologic Hazards Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS–966
Denver, CO 80225-0046
http://geohazards.cr.usgs.gov/
This map and cross sections are redrafted modified versions of the Geological map of the Kundelan ore deposit area, scale 1:10,000 (graphical supplement no. 18) and the Geological map of the Kundelan deposits, scale 1:2,000 (graphical supplement no. 3) both contained in an unpublished Soviet report by Litvinenko and others (1971) (report no. 0540). The unpublished Soviet report was prepared in cooperation with the Ministry of Mines and Industries of the Royal Government of Afghanistan in Kabul during 1971. This redrafted map and cross sections illustrate the geology of the main Kundelan copper-gold skarn deposit, located within the Kundelan copper and gold area of interest (AOI), Zabul Province, Afghanistan. Areas of interest (AOIs) of non-fuel mineral resources within Afghanistan were first described and defined by Peters and others (2007) and later by the work of Peters and others (2011a). The location of the main Kundelan copper-gold skarn deposit (area of this map) and the Kundelan copper and gold AOI is shown on the index map provided on this map sheet.
\nThe estimated resources of the Kundelan copper-gold skarn deposit are 21,400 metric tons (t) of copper, 1.6 t of gold, and 133.4 t of molybdenum at an average grade of 1.21 weight percent (wt. %) copper (ranging from 0.66 to 4.03 wt. % copper); 0.9 grams per metric ton (g/t) gold (ranging from 0.3 to 3.1 g/t gold); 0.14 wt. % molybdenum; and as much as 10 g/t silver and 0.03 wt. % bismuth (Peters and others, 2011b).
\nSmall past production of gold and base metals is also reported by Douvgal and others (1971) from many prospects within the Kundelan copper and gold AOI. Outside the skarn areas, argillic hydrothermal alteration is present (Abdullah and others, 1977). Most copper and gold prospects in the Kundelan copper and gold AOI are reported to contain commercial-grade ores of copper and (or) gold, and many prospect areas have potential for these commodities to be discovered in commercial volumes. Future initial mine exploration and later development in many of the prospects, and specifically in the Kundelan copper-gold skarn deposit, could result in near-term small- to medium-sized gold mining operations (Peters and others, 2011b).
\nThe redrafted map and cross sections reproduce the topology of rock units, contacts, faults, and so forth, of the original Soviet map and cross sections, and they include modifications based on our examination of these documents and our observations made during a brief field visit in August of 2010. We have attempted to translate the original Russian terminology and rock classifications into modern English geologic usage as literally as possible without changing any genetic or process-oriented implications in the original descriptions. We also use the age designations from the original Soviet maps, except for the phase I and II intrusive igneous rocks. Phase I and II igneous rocks are reassigned an Early Cretaceous age (from lower Paleogene) based on a uranium-lead (U-Pb) zircon SHRIMP analysis from quartz diorite, which yielded an age of 104±1 Ma (mega-annum). The information provided in the description of map units is from both the source report by Litvinenko and others (1971) and the original 1:10,000 scale map (graphical supplement no. 18), also from Litvinenko and others (1971). Because of the poor quality of the original map, some map features could not be identified and some features may be misinterpreted. The rock unit colors used on the redrafted maps and cross sections differ from the colors shown on the original Soviet version. Colors were selected according to the color and pattern scheme of the Commission for the Geological Map of the World (CGMW) at http://www.ccgm.org.
\nElevations on the cross sections are derived from the original Soviet topography and may not match the Global Digital Elevation Model (GDEM) topography used on the redrafted map of this report. Most hydrography derived from the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) has not been included on our redrafted version of the map because of a poor fit with alluvial deposits from the unmodified original Soviet map (graphical supplement no. 18; Litvinenko and others, 1971).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151198","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Afghan Geological Survey under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Defense","usgsCitation":"Tucker, R.D., Peters, S.G., Stettner, W.R., Masonic, L.M., and Moran, T.W., comps., 2015, Geologic map of Kundelan ore deposits and prospects, Zabul Province, Afghanistan; Modified from the 1971 original map compilations of K.I. Litvinenko and others: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1198, 1 sheet, scale 1:10,000, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151198.","productDescription":"1 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059646","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310464,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1198/ofr20151198.pdf","text":"Report","size":"75.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1198"},{"id":310463,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1198/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"Afghanistan","state":"Zabul Province","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 66.884765625,\n 31.59725256170666\n ],\n [\n 69.3896484375,\n 31.59725256170666\n ],\n [\n 69.3896484375,\n 33.32134852669881\n ],\n [\n 66.884765625,\n 33.32134852669881\n ],\n [\n 66.884765625,\n 31.59725256170666\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Office of International Programs
U.S. Geological Survey
917 National Center
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
http://international.usgs.gov/index.htm
Coastal communities are uniquely vulnerable to sea-level rise (SLR) and severe storms such as hurricanes. These events enhance the dispersion and concentration of natural and anthropogenic chemicals and pathogenic microorganisms that could adversely affect the health and resilience of coastal communities and ecosystems in coming years. The U.S. Geological Survey has developed a strategy to define baseline and post-event sediment-bound environmental health (EH) stressors (hereafter referred to as the Sediment-Bound Contaminant Resiliency and Response [SCoRR] strategy). A tiered, multimetric approach will be used to (1) identify and map contaminant sources and potential exposure pathways for human and ecological receptors, (2) define the baseline mixtures of EH stressors present in sediments and correlations of relevance, (3) document post-event changes in EH stressors present in sediments, and (4) establish and apply metrics to quantify changes in coastal resilience associated with sediment-bound contaminants. Integration of this information provides a means to improve assessment of the baseline status of a complex system and the significance of changes in contaminant hazards due to storm-induced (episodic) and SLR (incremental) disturbances. This report describes the purpose and design of the SCoRR strategy and the methods used to construct a decision support tool to identify candidate sampling stations vulnerable to contaminants that may be mobilized by coastal storms.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151188A","collaboration":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","usgsCitation":"Reilly, T.J., Jones, D.K., Focazio, M.J., Aquino, K.C., Carbo, C.L., Kaufhold, E.E., Zinecker, E.K., Benzel, W.M., Fisher, S.C., Griffin, D.W., Iwanowicz, L.R., Loftin, K.A. and Schill, W.B., 2015, Strategy to evaluate persistent contaminant hazards resulting from sea-level rise and storm-derived disturbances—Study design and methodology for station prioritization: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1188A, 20 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151188A.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 20 p.; 3 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-066315","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438671,"rank":7,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7F47MBM","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Matrix inhibition PCR and Microtox 81.9% screening assay analytical results for samples collected for the Sediment-Bound Contaminant Resiliency and Response Strategy pilot study, northeastern United States, 2015"},{"id":312421,"rank":6,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20151188B","text":"Open-File Report 2015-1188B","linkHelpText":"Standard Operating Procedures for Collection of Soil and Sediment Samples for the Sediment-bound Contaminant Resiliency and Response (SCoRR) Strategy Pilot Study"},{"id":310598,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1188/A/ofr2015-1188a_appendixa-ntasdatabase.xlsx","text":"Appendix A","size":"223 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"OFR 2015-1188 A","linkHelpText":"National Target Analyte Strategy (NTAS) Constituent Database"},{"id":310599,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1188/A/ofr2015-1188a_appendixb-tri-ranks.xlsx","text":"Appendix B","size":"91.6 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"OFR 2015-1188 A","linkHelpText":"National Target Analyte Strategy (NTAS) Ranked Constituent Database"},{"id":310596,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1188/A/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":310597,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1188/A/ofr20151188a.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.17 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1188 A"},{"id":310600,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1188/A/ofr2015-1188a_appendixc-frsquestionnaire.xlsx","text":"Appendix C","size":"46.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"OFR 2015-1188 A","linkHelpText":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Facility Registry Service (FRS) Questionnaire used to Generate Potential Contaminant Hazard Ranks"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.9375,\n 36.66841891894786\n ],\n [\n -75.146484375,\n 38.03078569382294\n ],\n [\n -74.70703125,\n 39.095962936305504\n ],\n [\n -73.6962890625,\n 40.111688665595956\n ],\n [\n -71.9384765625,\n 40.84706035607122\n ],\n [\n -71.103515625,\n 41.21172151054787\n ],\n [\n -69.9169921875,\n 41.60722821271717\n ],\n [\n -69.873046875,\n 42.16340342422401\n ],\n [\n -70.4443359375,\n 42.35854391749705\n ],\n [\n -70.57617187499999,\n 42.97250158602597\n ],\n [\n -70.048828125,\n 43.54854811091288\n ],\n [\n 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A series of maps that describe the distribution and texture of sea-floor sediments and physiographic zones of Massachusetts State waters from Nahant to Salisbury, Massachusetts, including western Massachusetts Bay, have been produced by using high-resolution geophysical data (interferometric and multibeam swath bathymetry, lidar bathymetry, backscatter intensity, and seismic reflection profiles), sediment samples, and bottom photographs. These interpretations are intended to aid statewide efforts to inventory and manage coastal and marine resources, link with existing data interpretations, and provide information for research focused on coastal evolution and environmental change. Marine geologic mapping of the inner continental shelf of Massachusetts is a statewide cooperative effort of the U.S. Geological Survey and the Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151153","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management","usgsCitation":"Pendleton, E.A., Barnhardt, W.A., Baldwin, W.E., Foster, D.S., Schwab, W.C., Andrews, B.D., and Ackerman, S.D., 2015, Sea-floor texture and physiographic zones of the inner continental shelf from Salisbury to Nahant, Massachusetts, including the Merrimack Embayment and Western Massachusetts Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1153, 36 p., 1 appendix, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151153.","productDescription":"vi, 36 p.; HTML Documet","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-057824","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":309391,"rank":3,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1153/index.html","text":"Report HTML","description":"OFR 2015-1153"},{"id":308684,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1153/ofr20151153.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.02 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1153"},{"id":308683,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1153/images/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","city":"Nahant, Salisbury","otherGeospatial":"Massachusetts Bay, Merrimack Embayment","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.95794677734374,\n 42.407234661551875\n ],\n [\n -70.95794677734374,\n 42.84777884235988\n ],\n [\n -70.56106567382812,\n 42.84777884235988\n ],\n [\n -70.56106567382812,\n 42.407234661551875\n ],\n [\n -70.95794677734374,\n 42.407234661551875\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
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Quissett Campus
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The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has the critical role of providing scientific information to improve the understanding and management of the Chesapeake Bay ecosystem. The USGS works with Federal, State, and academic science partners to provide research and monitoring, and communicate results of these activities to enhance ecosystem management for both the Chesapeake and other National ecosystems. The USGS Chesapeake Science Strategy was prepared to guide science activities to address the Chesapeake Bay Watershed Agreement (2014–2025), to support the Department of the Interior (DOI) involvement in the Bay restoration efforts, and align with the USGS Mission Area (MA) Science strategies.
\nThe Chesapeake Bay is our Nation’s largest estuary, and provides critical goods and services to the people, fish, and wildlife that use the 64,000-square-mile watershed. The Chesapeake Bay watershed contains over 3,600 species of fish, wildlife, and plants and provides spawning grounds for many ecologically and economically important species including striped bass and blue crabs. The Bay watershed lies in the heart of the Atlantic Flyway and has 29 species of waterfowl, about 1 million of which winter in the region. The size of the Chesapeake seafood harvest is third in the Nation, only behind the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Along with agricultural production, tourism, and recreation, the estimated economic value of the services from the Chesapeake Bay watershed is about $100 billion annually. However, the health of the Bay ecosystem began to decline at the beginning of the 20th century due to overfishing and increasing human population and associated land change.
\nThe Chesapeake Bay Program (CBP) is the Federal-State cooperative effort that started in 1983 to restore the Bay and watershed. Given the ecological and economic importance of the Chesapeake ecosystem, President Obama issued an Executive Order (EO) in 2009 for increased Federal leadership in the CBP to enhance the pace of restoration, and the supporting strategy was released in 2010. The EO directed the Federal Government, including the U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI), represented by the National Park Service (NPS), the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (FWS), and the USGS, to expand its efforts and increase leadership to restore the Bay and its watershed. The USGS and other Federal agencies expanded their activities in 2011 to meet the President’s Chesapeake EO. Since the EO was released, there have been several important changes in the USGS, DOI, and the CBP including: (1) the Chesapeake Bay Watershed Agreement, (2) increased DOI leadership in the CBP, and (3) the release of the USGS MA science strategies. The EO strategy served as a foundation for the Chesapeake Bay Watershed Agreement that was signed in 2014 by the CBP Partners, and has goals and outcomes to be met by 2025.
\nThe USGS developed the Chesapeake Science Strategy to guide our activities to address the Chesapeake Bay Watershed Agreement, DOI leadership in the CBP, and USGS MA strategies. Improving the understanding of fish and wildlife population and health, and the factors affecting their condition is the emphasis of the Strategy. The science focuses on documenting the critical ecosystem connections in the Chesapeake, and providing implications to enhance decision making for restoration and conservation activities.
\nThe revised Strategy has four themes that address 7 of the 10 goals in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed Agreement:
\nThe structure and function of biological communities of the Bay and its watershed are extremely complex and are affected by a variety of stressors and conditions. To better define the issues being addressed, the USGS has developed cross-cutting questions that define some of the most important scientific challenges where multiple disciplines and collaborators are needed to address an issue. The initial questions include:
\nChesapeake Bay Coordinator
Northeast Region
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, Mail Stop 953
Reston, VA 20192
http://chesapeake.usgs.gov
Heavy rainfall occurred across South Carolina during October 1–5, 2015, as a result of an upper atmospheric low-pressure system that funneled tropical moisture from Hurricane Joaquin into the State. The storm caused major flooding from the central to the coastal areas of South Carolina. Almost 27 inches of rain fell near Mount Pleasant in Charleston County during this period. U.S. Geological Survey streamgages recorded peaks of record at 17 locations, and 15 other locations had peaks that ranked in the top 5 for the period of record. During the October 2015 flood event, U.S. Geological Survey personnel made about 140 streamflow measurements at 86 locations to verify, update, or extend existing rating curves, which are used to compute streamflow from monitored river stage.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151201","usgsCitation":"Feaster, T.D., Shelton, J.M., and Robbins, J.C., 2015, Preliminary peak stage and streamflow data at selected USGS streamgaging stations for the South Carolina flood of October 2015 (ver. 1.1, November 2015): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1201, 19 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151201.","productDescription":"iv, 19 p.","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-069972","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311080,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1201/versionHist.txt","text":"Open-File Report 2015-1201, Version 1.1","size":"1.11 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"OFR 2015-1201"},{"id":310064,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1201/ofr20151201.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.69 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1201"},{"id":310063,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1201/coverthb1.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.50830078125,\n 33.8521697014074\n ],\n [\n -79.683837890625,\n 34.813803317113155\n ],\n [\n -80.67260742187499,\n 34.813803317113155\n ],\n [\n -80.91430664062499,\n 35.10193405724606\n ],\n [\n -81.0791015625,\n 35.18278813800229\n ],\n [\n -82.41943359375,\n 35.24561909420681\n ],\n [\n -83.111572265625,\n 35.038992046780784\n ],\n [\n -83.29833984375,\n 34.90395296559004\n ],\n [\n -83.397216796875,\n 34.74161249883172\n ],\n [\n -83.001708984375,\n 34.46127728843708\n ],\n [\n -82.913818359375,\n 34.488447837809304\n ],\n [\n -82.781982421875,\n 34.31621838080741\n ],\n [\n -82.7490234375,\n 34.098159345215535\n ],\n [\n -82.584228515625,\n 33.90689555128866\n ],\n [\n -82.254638671875,\n 33.75174787568194\n ],\n [\n -82.2216796875,\n 33.58716733904656\n ],\n [\n -82.012939453125,\n 33.486435450999885\n ],\n [\n -81.968994140625,\n 33.348884792201694\n ],\n [\n -81.76025390625,\n 33.119150226768866\n ],\n [\n -81.529541015625,\n 33.03629817885956\n ],\n [\n -81.485595703125,\n 32.7872745269555\n ],\n [\n -81.463623046875,\n 32.59310597426537\n ],\n [\n -81.298828125,\n 32.50049648924482\n ],\n [\n -81.14501953125,\n 32.35212281198644\n ],\n [\n -81.1669921875,\n 32.18491105051798\n ],\n [\n -80.92529296875,\n 31.924192605327708\n ],\n [\n -80.628662109375,\n 32.287132632616355\n ],\n [\n -80.452880859375,\n 32.31499127724556\n ],\n [\n -80.364990234375,\n 32.41706632846282\n ],\n [\n -80.1123046875,\n 32.59310597426537\n ],\n [\n -79.991455078125,\n 32.602361666817515\n ],\n [\n -79.881591796875,\n 32.713355353177555\n ],\n [\n -79.73876953125,\n 32.82421110161336\n ],\n [\n -79.376220703125,\n 32.99945000822839\n ],\n [\n -79.1455078125,\n 33.211116472416855\n ],\n [\n -79.12353515625,\n 33.367237465838315\n ],\n [\n -78.958740234375,\n 33.568861182555565\n ],\n [\n -78.804931640625,\n 33.715201644740844\n ],\n [\n -78.64013671875,\n 33.815666308702774\n ],\n [\n -78.50830078125,\n 33.8521697014074\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1: Originally posted October 20, 2015; Version 1.1: November 9, 2015","contact":"Director, South Atlantic Water Science Center
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Wyoming has led the nation as the producer of uranium ore since 1995 and contains the largest reserves of any state. Approximately one third of Wyoming’s total production came from deposits in, or immediately adjacent to, the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative (WLCI) study area in the southwestern corner of the state including all of Carbon, Lincoln, Sublette, Sweetwater, Uinta, and parts of southern Fremont Counties. Conventional open-pit and underground mining methods were employed in the study area until the early 1990s. Since the early 1990s, all uranium mining has been by in-situ recovery (also called in-situ leach). It is estimated that statewide remaining resources of 141,000 tonnes of uranium are about twice the 84,000 tonnes of uranium that the state has already produced.
\nAn evaluation of the mineral commodities present in the WLCI study area that may have a role in the development of southwest Wyoming includes uranium. The WLCI study area contains five uranium mineralized areas: Ketchum Buttes, Poison Basin, Shirley Basin, the southern part of Crooks Gap–Green Mountain, and most of Great Divide Basin. Mineralized areas described in the report and outlined on an accompanying map are based on the presence of either contiguous claim blocks, continuous mineralization adjacent to prospective uranium properties, suggestions of mineralization based on site entries in the U.S. Geological Survey’s Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS), or extension of geologic host units or structures. Mineralized areas are not the same as mining districts: the latter have defined administrative boundaries.
\nIn the WLCI study area, all uranium areas except Poison Basin and Ketchum Buttes contain roll-front deposits in Eocene (56–34 Ma) sedimentary rocks. Tabular sandstone-hosted uranium deposits are also recognized within the study area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141123","usgsCitation":"Wilson, A.B., 2015, Uranium in the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative Study Area, southwestern Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014–1123, 33 p., 1 plate, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141123.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 33 p.; Plate: 35 x 28 inches; Appendixes A-B","numberOfPages":"37","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-040674","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":309981,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1123/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":309986,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1123/pdf/AppendixB_MRDS_Database_User_Manual_Explanation.pdf","text":"Appendix B","size":"367 kB","description":"OFR 2014-1123 Appendix B","linkHelpText":"Director, Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center
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http://minerals.cr.usgs.gov/
Trace-metal concentrations in sediment and in the clam Macoma petalum (formerly reported as Macoma balthica), clam reproductive activity, and benthic macroinvertebrate community structure were investigated in a mudflat 1 kilometer (km) south of the discharge of the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant (PARWQCP) in South San Francisco Bay, Calif. This report includes the data collected by U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists for the period January 2014 to December 2014. These append to long-term datasets extending back to 1974, and serve as the basis for the City of Palo Alto’s Near-Field Receiving Water Monitoring Program, initiated in 1994.
\nFollowing significant reductions in the late 1980s, silver (Ag) and copper (Cu) concentrations in sediment and M. petalum appear to have stabilized. Data for other metals, including chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn), have been collected since 1994. Over this period, concentrations of these elements have remained relatively constant, aside from seasonal variation that is common to all elements. In 2014, concentrations of Ag and Cu in M. petalum varied seasonally in response to a combination of site-specific metal exposures and annual growth and reproduction, as reported previously. Seasonal patterns for other elements, including Cr, Ni, Zn, Hg, and Se, were generally similar in timing and magnitude as those for Ag and Cu. In M. petalum, all observed elements showed annual maxima in January–February and minima in April, except for Zn, which was lowest in December. In sediments, annual maxima also occurred in January–February, and minima were measured in June and September. In 2014, metal concentrations in both sediments and clam tissue were among the lowest on record. This record suggests that regional-scale factors now largely control sedimentary and bioavailable concentrations of Ag and Cu, as well as other elements of regulatory interest, at the Palo Alto site.
\nAnalyses of the benthic community structure of a mudflat in South San Francisco Bay over a 40-year period show that changes in the community have occurred concurrent with reduced concentrations of metals in the sediment and in the tissues of the biosentinel clam, M. petalum, from the same area. Analysis of M. petalum shows increases in reproductive activity concurrent with the decline in metal concentrations in the tissues of this organism. Reproductive activity is presently stable (2014), with almost all animals initiating reproduction in the fall and spawning the following spring. The entire infaunal community has shifted from being dominated by several opportunistic species to a community where the species are more similar in abundance, a pattern that indicates a more stable community that is subjected to fewer stressors. In addition, two of the opportunistic species (Ampelisca abdita and Streblospio benedicti) that brood their young and live on the surface of the sediment in tubes have shown a continual decline in dominance coincident with the decline in metals; both species had short-lived rebounds in abundance in 2008, 2009, and 2010. Heteromastus filiformis (a subsurface polychaete worm that lives in the sediment, consumes sediment and organic particles residing in the sediment, and reproduces by laying its eggs on or in the sediment) showed a concurrent increase in dominance and, in the last several years before 2008, showed a stable population. H. filiformis abundance increased slightly in 2011–2012 and returned to pre-2011 numbers in 2014. An unidentified disturbance occurred on the mudflat in early 2008 that resulted in the loss of the benthic animals, except for deep-dwelling animals like Macoma petalum. However, within two months of this event animals returned to the mudflat. The resilience of the community suggested that the disturbance was not due to a persistent toxin or to anoxia. The reproductive mode of most species present in 2014 is reflective of species that were available either as pelagic larvae or as mobile adults. Although oviparous species were lower in number in this group, the authors hypothesize that these species will return slowly as more species move back into the area. The use of functional ecology was highlighted in the 2014 benthic community data, which showed that the animals that have now returned to the mudflat are those that can respond successfully to a physical, nontoxic disturbance. Today, community data show a mix of species that consume the sediment, or filter feed, have pelagic larvae that must survive landing on the sediment, and those that brood their young. USGS scientists view the 2008 disturbance event as a response by the infaunal community to an episodic natural stressor (possibly sediment accretion or a pulse of freshwater), in contrast to the long-term recovery from metal contamination. We will compare this recovery to the long-term recovery observed after the 1970’s when the decline in sediment pollutants was the dominating factor.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151199","usgsCitation":"Cain, D.J., Thompson, J.K., Crauder, J., Parcheso, F., Stewart, A.R., Kleckner, A.E., Dyke, J., Hornberger, M.I., and Luoma, S.N., 2015, Near-field receiving water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in south San Francisco Bay, California: 2014: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1199, viii, 79 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151199.","productDescription":"viii, 79 p.","numberOfPages":"89","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2014-01-01","temporalEnd":"2014-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-068498","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310004,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1199/ofr20151199.pdf","text":"Report","size":"9.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1199"},{"id":310003,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1199/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.11578369140626,\n 37.43493087364719\n ],\n [\n -122.11578369140626,\n 37.46123344639866\n ],\n [\n -122.09020614624023,\n 37.46123344639866\n ],\n [\n -122.09020614624023,\n 37.43493087364719\n ],\n [\n -122.11578369140626,\n 37.43493087364719\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"NRP staff
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http://water.usgs.gov/nrp/
Earth materials and structures in the El Casco quadrangle provide considerable information about the late Cenozoic geologic evolution of southern California’s Inland Empire region (fig. 2). Important structural and stratigraphic elements include (1) modern traces of the right-lateral San Jacinto Fault zone, (2) older traces of the San Jacinto Fault zone, and (3) sedimentary materials and geologic structures that formed during the last eight million years or so and that record interactions within the San Andreas Fault system. These materials, and the structures that deform them, provide a geologic context 3 for investigations of groundwater recharge and subsurface flow (Waring, 1919; Burnham and Dutcher, 1960; Bloyd, 1971; Rewis and others, 2006).
\nThis geologic database of the El Casco 7.5′ quadrangle was prepared by the Basins and Landscape Co-Evolution Project (BALANCE), a regional geologic-mapping project sponsored jointly by the U.S. Geological Survey and the California Geological Survey. The database was developed as a contribution to the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program’s National Geologic Map Database, and provides a general geologic setting of the El Casco quadrangle. The database and map provide information about earth materials and geologic structures, including faults and folds that have developed in the quadrangle due to complexities in the San Andreas Fault system.
\nGeologic information contained in the El Casco database is general-purpose data applicable to land-related investigations in the earth and biological sciences. The term “general-purpose” means that all geologic-feature classes have minimal information content adequate to characterize their general geologic characteristics and to interpret their general geologic history. However, no single feature class has enough information to definitively characterize its properties and origin. For this reason the database cannot be used for site-specific geologic evaluations, although it can be used to plan and guide investigations at the site-specific level.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101274","usgsCitation":"Matti, J.C., Morton, D.M., and Langenheim, V., 2015, Geologic and geophysical maps of the El Casco 7.5′ quadrangle, Riverside County, southern California, with accompanying geologic-map database: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1274, Report: vi, 141; 3 Sheets: 46.77 x 36.00 inches or smaller; Dataset; Metadata; Read Me, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101274.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 141; 3 Sheets: 46.77 x 36.00 inches or smaller; Dataset; Metadata; Read Me","numberOfPages":"147","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-021187","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308467,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1274/ofr20101274_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2010-1274 Pamphlet"},{"id":308466,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1274/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":308468,"rank":3,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1274/ofr20101274_sheet1.pdf","text":"Sheet 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2010-1274 Sheet 1","linkHelpText":"Plot file of the geologic map of the El Casco 7.5' quadrangle"},{"id":308472,"rank":7,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1274/ofr20101274_metadata.txt","text":"Metadata","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"OFR 2010-1274 Metadata"},{"id":308471,"rank":6,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1274/ofr20101274_readme.txt","text":"Read Me","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"OFR 2010-1274 Read Me"},{"id":399006,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_103546.htm"},{"id":308470,"rank":5,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1274/ofr20101274_sheet3.pdf","text":"Sheet 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2010-1274 Sheet 3","linkHelpText":"Plot file of the gravity map"},{"id":308469,"rank":4,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1274/ofr20101274_sheet2.pdf","text":"Sheet 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2010-1274 Sheet 2","linkHelpText":"Plot file of observation data for the El Casco 7.5' quadrangle"},{"id":308473,"rank":8,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1274/ofr20101274_data.zip","text":"Data","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"OFR 2010-1274 Data"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Riverside County","otherGeospatial":"El Casco 7.5' quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.125,\n 33.875\n ],\n [\n -117,\n 33.875\n ],\n [\n -117,\n 34\n ],\n [\n -117.125,\n 34\n ],\n [\n -117.125,\n 33.875\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"GMEG staff, Geology, Minerals, Energy, & Geophysics Science Center—Tucson
U.S.G.S., c/o University of Arizona
ENRB Bldg, 520 N. Park Ave, Rm 355
Tucson, AZ 85719-5035
http://geomaps.wr.usgs.gov/gmeg/
This study provides viable estimates of historical storm-induced water levels in the coastal communities of Gambell and Savoonga situated on St. Lawrence Island in the Bering Sea, as well as Unalakleet located at the head of Norton Sound on the western coast of Alaska. Gambell, Savoonga, and Unalakleet are small Native Villages that are regularly impacted by coastal storms but where little quantitative information about these storms exists. The closest continuous water-level gauge is at Nome, located more than 200 kilometers from both St. Lawrence Island and Unalakleet. In this study, storms are identified and quantified using historical atmospheric and sea-ice data and then used as boundary conditions for a suite of numerical models. The work includes storm-surge (temporary rise in water levels due to persistent strong winds and low atmospheric pressures) modeling in the Bering Strait region, as well as modeling of wave runup along specified sections of the coast in Gambell and Unalakleet. Modeled historical water levels are used to develop return periods of storm surge and storm surge plus wave runup at key locations in each community. It is anticipated that the results will fill some of the data void regarding coastal flood data in western Alaska and be used for production of coastal vulnerability maps and community planning efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151193","usgsCitation":"Erikson, L., McCall, R.T., van Rooijen, A., and Norris, B., 2015, Hindcast storm events in the Bering Sea for the St. Lawrence Island and Unalakleet Regions, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1193, vii, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151193.","productDescription":"vii, 47 p.","numberOfPages":"57","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059633","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":309820,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1193/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":309821,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1193/ofr20151193.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1192"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Bering Sea, St. Lawrence Island, Unalakleet Regions","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -171.87011718749997,\n 63.84066844285508\n ],\n [\n -171.36474609375,\n 63.75334975181205\n ],\n [\n -171.01318359374997,\n 63.6949869286095\n ],\n [\n -170.595703125,\n 63.80189351770543\n ],\n [\n -169.892578125,\n 63.66576033778838\n ],\n [\n -169.56298828124997,\n 63.470144746565445\n ],\n [\n -168.64013671875,\n 63.37183226679281\n ],\n [\n -168.55224609375,\n 63.05495931065107\n ],\n [\n -169.21142578125,\n 63.06491420208559\n ],\n [\n -169.56298828124997,\n 62.865168668923125\n ],\n [\n -170.22216796875,\n 62.94523066452288\n ],\n [\n -170.52978515624997,\n 63.22373025329546\n ],\n [\n -171.2109375,\n 63.28306240110864\n ],\n [\n -171.54052734375,\n 63.22373025329546\n ],\n [\n -172.06787109375,\n 63.361982464431236\n ],\n [\n -171.87011718749997,\n 63.84066844285508\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -161.69677734375,\n 64.74601725111455\n ],\n [\n -161.38916015625,\n 64.830253743883\n ],\n [\n -160.7080078125,\n 64.830253743883\n ],\n [\n -160.55419921875,\n 64.67091929440798\n ],\n [\n -160.59814453125,\n 64.37794095121995\n ],\n [\n -160.75195312499997,\n 64.20637724320852\n ],\n [\n -161.25732421875,\n 64.07219957867284\n ],\n [\n -162.09228515625,\n 64.19681461100495\n ],\n [\n -161.982421875,\n 64.58618480339979\n ],\n [\n -161.806640625,\n 64.74601725111455\n ],\n [\n -161.69677734375,\n 64.74601725111455\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Pacific Science Center
2885 Mission St.
Santa Cruz, CA 95060
http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/
The use of acoustic and other parameters as surrogates for suspended-sediment concentrations (SSC) in rivers has been successful in multiple applications across the Nation. Tools to process and evaluate the data are critical to advancing the operational use of surrogates along with the subsequent development of regression models from which real-time sediment concentrations can be made available to the public. Recent developments in both areas are having an immediate impact on surrogate research and on surrogate monitoring sites currently (2015) in operation.
\nThe Surrogate Analysis and Index Developer (SAID) standalone tool, under development by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), assists in the creation of linear regression models that relate constituent and surrogate parameters by providing visual and quantitative diagnostics to the user. SAID also processes acoustic parameters to be used as explanatory variables for SSC. The sediment acoustic method utilizes acoustic parameters from fixed-mount stationary equipment. The theory and method used by the SAID tool have been described in recent publications. The tool also serves to support sediment-acoustic-index methods and other surrogate guidelines such as turbidity and SSC (Rasmussen and others, 2009).
\nThe regression models created in SAID can be used in utilities that have been developed to work with the USGS National Water Information System (NWIS) and for the USGS National Real-Time Water Quality (NRTWQ) Web site. The real-time dissemination of predicted SSC and prediction intervals for each time step has substantial potential to improve understanding of sediment-related water quality and associated engineering and ecological management decisions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151177","collaboration":"Federal Interagency Sedimentation Project and Midwest Region River Sediments and Nutrients Investigations Initiative","usgsCitation":"Domanski, M.M., Straub, T.D., and Landers, M.N., 2015, Surrogate Analysis and Index Developer (SAID) tool (version 1.0, September 2015): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1177, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151177.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 36 p.; HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-066947","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":309366,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1177/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":309367,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1177/ofr20151177.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.18 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1177"},{"id":309845,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/osw/SALT/SAID/","text":"The Surrogate Analysis and Index Developer (SAID) Tool","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2015-1177"}],"contact":"Director, llinois Water Science Center
405 N Goodwin
Urbana, IL 61801
http://il.water.usgs.gov/
Rigorous analysis and management of animal populations requires that observers account for limitations inherent to the detection of those populations and the individuals within them. Researchers are usually unable to see every individual of a population or to even detect some entire populations. Ignoring this imperfect detectability can bias estimates of population characteristics, such as probability of occurrence, abundance, survival, recruitment, and population growth rate. Furthermore, the precision with which these population characteristics are estimated is dependent on detection probabilities (the probability that at least one individual of a species is detected during a survey, given that the species occurs where the survey is conducted) and capture probabilities (the probability that a given individual is observed or captured during a single survey); greater detection and capture probabilities result in less uncertainty about the values of population characteristics and a greater ability to evaluate the effects of variables or experimental treatments on the population characteristic(s) of interest.
\nDetection and capture probabilities for giant gartersnakes (Thamnophis gigas) are very low, and successfully evaluating the effects of variables or experimental treatments on giant gartersnake populations will require greater detection and capture probabilities than those that had been achieved with standard trap designs. Previous research identified important trap modifications that can increase the probability of snakes entering traps and help prevent the escape of captured snakes. The purpose of this study was to quantify detection and capture probabilities obtained using the most successful modification to commercially available traps to date (2015), and examine the ability of realized detection and capture probabilities to achieve benchmark levels of precision in occupancy and capture-mark-recapture studies.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151200","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Halstead, B., Skalos, S., Casazza, M.L., and Wylie, G.D., 2015, Realized detection and capture probabilities for giant gartersnakes (Thamnophis gigas) using modified floating aquatic funnel traps: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1200, iv, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151200.","productDescription":"iv, 36 p.","numberOfPages":"44","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2013-06-14","temporalEnd":"2013-11-30","ipdsId":"IP-067831","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":309850,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1200/ofr20151200.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1200"},{"id":309849,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1200/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.33551025390625,\n 38.50519140240354\n ],\n [\n -122.33551025390625,\n 39.61626788999701\n ],\n [\n -121.4923095703125,\n 39.61626788999701\n ],\n [\n -121.4923095703125,\n 38.50519140240354\n ],\n [\n -122.33551025390625,\n 38.50519140240354\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819
http://www.werc.usgs.gov/
Changes to barrier islands occur at time scales that vary from the few hours it takes an individual storm to pass (Morton, 2008) to the millennia it takes for coastal systems to undergo geologic evolution. Developing an understanding of how barrier islands will respond to climate change, sea level rise, and major storms over a range of time scales is relevant to studies of physical, geological, ecological, and societal processes and will help to guide and improve management of our coastal resources (Sallenger and others, 1987). Observations of coastal processes made over a range of spatial and temporal scales and from a variety of instrument platforms (for example, in situ and remote remote sensing) are required to understand and eventually predict the evolution of coastal systems.
\nThe deployment of Landsat and other earth-observing satellites within the last few decades has provided an opportunity to observe barrier islands at frequent intervals, often many times a year. This sample frequency is much higher and the spatial coverage much greater than most routine high-resolution topographic surveys (Guy and others, 2014). In addition, the historical record of these datasets have become long enough to document shorter- (that is, annual) and longer-term (that is, decadal) changes from a single data source. Certain aspects of barrier island morphology, such as island size, shape, and position, can be determined from these images and can indicate erosion, land loss, and island breakup (McBride and others, 1989; Plant and Guy, 2013).
\nThe shoreline is a common variable used as a metric for coastal erosion or change (Himmelstoss and others, 2010). Although shorelines are often extracted from topographic data (for example, ground-based surveys and light detection and ranging [lidar]), image-based shorelines, corrected for their inherent uncertainties (Moore and others, 2006), have provided much of our understanding of long-term shoreline change because they pre-date routine lidar elevation survey methods. Image-based shorelines continue to be valuable because of their higher temporal resolution compared to costly airborne lidar surveys. A method for extracting sandy shorelines from 30-meter (m) resolution Landsat imagery is presented here.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151179","usgsCitation":"Guy, K.K., 2015, Barrier island shorelines extracted from Landsat imagery: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1179, 3 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151179.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 3 p.; Spatial Data","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-067042","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438679,"rank":8,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7028PMP","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Shorelines Extracted from Landsat Imagery: Dauphin Island, Alabama"},{"id":312288,"rank":4,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7DZ06CD","text":"Shorelines Extracted from Landsat Imagery: Ship Island, Mississippi","description":"OFR 2015-1179"},{"id":312289,"rank":5,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7JQ0Z3R","text":"Shorelines Extracted from Landsat Imagery: Cat Island, Mississippi","description":"OFR 2015-1179"},{"id":312290,"rank":6,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7XW4GVG","text":"Shorelines Extracted from Landsat Imagery: Horn Island, Mississippi","description":"OFR 2015-1179"},{"id":312291,"rank":7,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F72N509Q","text":"Shorelines Extracted from Landsat Imagery: Petit Bois Island, Mississippi","description":"OFR 2015-1179"},{"id":309457,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1179/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":309459,"rank":3,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7028PMP","text":"Shorelines Extracted from Landsat Imagery: Dauphin Island, Alabama","description":"OFR 2015-1179"},{"id":309458,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1179/ofr20151179.pdf","text":"Report","size":"242 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1179"}],"country":"United States","contact":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
600 4th Street South
St. Petersburg, FL 33701
http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/
The accuracy of groundwater-level tapes was investigated by developing a tape calibration method and device and testing the accuracy of a sample of groundwater-level tapes with the calibration method and device. The sample of tapes included in-service U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Water Science Center steel and electric groundwater-level tapes.
\nThe tape calibration method developed during the study is based on a National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) protocol, and compares the tape under calibration (test tape) with a NIST-traceable reference tape. The calibration method can be used to determine tape accuracy and tape corrections. The tape calibration device consists of an anchor and tensioner. The device allows individual tensioning of the test and reference tapes. The Vernier scale on the tensioner allows measurement of the difference (or displacement) between the test and reference tapes graduations with a resolution of 0.0005 foot (ft). The calibration method used with the calibration device has a repeatability (standard deviation) of 0.0011 ft.
\nThe calibration device and proposed method were used to calibrate a sample of in-service USGS steel and electric groundwater tapes. The sample of in-service groundwater steel tapes were in relatively good condition. All steel tapes, except one, were accurate to ±0.01 ft per 100 ft over their entire length. One steel tape, which had obvious damage in the first hundred feet, was marginally outside the accuracy of ±0.01 ft per 100 ft by 0.001 ft. The sample of in-service groundwater-level electric tapes were in a range of conditions—from like new, with cosmetic damage, to nonfunctional. The in-service electric tapes did not meet the USGS accuracy recommendation of ±0.01 ft. In-service electric tapes, except for the nonfunctional tape, were accurate to about ±0.03 ft per 100 ft. A comparison of new with in-service electric tapes found that steel-core electric tapes maintained their length and accuracy better than electric tapes without a steel core. The in-service steel tapes could be used as is and achieve USGS accuracy recommendations for groundwater-level measurements. The in-service electric tapes require tape corrections to achieve USGS accuracy recommendations for groundwater-level measurement.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151137","usgsCitation":"Fulford, J.M., and Clayton, C.S., 2015, Accuracy testing of steel and electric groundwater-level measuring tapes—Test method and in-service tape accuracy: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1137, 31 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151137.","productDescription":"v, 31 p.","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064514","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":309731,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1137/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":309732,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1137/ofr20151137.pdf","text":"Report","size":"15.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1137"}],"contact":"Hydrologic Instrumentation Facility
U.S. Geological Survey
Building 2101
Stennis Space Center, MS 39529
http://water.usgs.gov/hif/
The locations and sizes of potential cold-water refuges for trout were examined in 2005 along a 27-kilometer segment of the Indian and Hudson Rivers in northern New York to evaluate the extent of refuges, the effects of routine flow releases from an impoundment, and how these refuges and releases might influence trout survival in reaches that otherwise would be thermally stressed. This river segment supports small populations of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), brown trout (Salmo trutta), and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and also receives regular releases of reservoir-surface waters to support rafting during the summer, when water temperatures in both the reservoir and the river frequently exceed thermal thresholds for trout survival. Airborne thermal infrared imaging was supplemented with continuous, in-stream temperature loggers to identify potential refuges that may be associated with tributary inflows or groundwater seeps and to define the extent to which the release flows decrease the size of existing refuges. In general, the release flows overwhelmed the refuge areas and greatly decreased the size and number of the areas. Mean water temperatures were unaffected by the releases, but small-scale heterogeneity was diminished. At a larger scale, water temperatures in the upper and lower segments of the reach were consistently warmer than in the middle segment, even during passage of release waters. The inability of remote thermal infrared images to consistently distinguish land from water (in shaded areas) and to detect groundwater seeps (away from the shallow edges of the stream) limited data analysis and the ability to identify potential thermal refuge areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151078","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with New York State Department of Environmental Conservation and Rochester Institute of Technology","usgsCitation":"Ernst, A.G., Baldigo, B.P., Calef, F.J., Freehafer, D.A., and Kremens, R.L., 2015, Identifying trout refuges in the Indian and Hudson Rivers in northern New York through airborne thermal infrared remote sensing: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1078, 17 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151078.","productDescription":"vii, 17 p.","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054790","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308601,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1078/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":308602,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1078/ofr20151078.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.78 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1078"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Hudson River and Indian River, Adirondack Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.5751953125,\n 43.60326743161359\n ],\n [\n -74.5751953125,\n 43.98886243884903\n ],\n [\n -73.90777587890625,\n 43.98886243884903\n ],\n [\n -73.90777587890625,\n 43.60326743161359\n ],\n [\n -74.5751953125,\n 43.60326743161359\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Road
Troy, NY 12180-8349
http://ny.water.usgs.gov
Cape Canaveral, Florida, is a prominent feature along the Southeast U.S. coastline. The region includes Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge, Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, NASA’s Kennedy Space Center, and a large portion of Canaveral National Seashore. The actual promontory of the modern Cape falls within the jurisdictional boundaries of Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. Erosion hazards result from winter and tropical storms, changes in sand resources, sediment budgets, and sea-level rise. Previous work by the USGS has focused on the vulnerability of the dunes to storms, where updated bathymetry and topography have been used for modeling efforts. Existing research indicates that submerged shoals, ridges, and sandbars affect patterns of wave refraction and height, coastal currents, and control sediment transport. These seabed anomalies indicate the availability and movement of sand within the nearshore environment, which may be directly related to the stability of the Cape Canaveral shoreline. Understanding the complex dynamics of the offshore bathymetry and associated sediment pathways can help identify current and future erosion vulnerabilities due to short-term (for example, hurricane and other extreme storms) and long-term (for example, sea-level rise) hazards.
\nThe purpose of this work is to describe an updated bathymetric dataset collected in 2014 and compare it to previous datasets. The updated data focus on the bathymetric features and sediment transport pathways that connect the offshore regions to the shoreline and, therefore, are related to the protection of other portions of the coastal environment, such as dunes, that support infrastructure and ecosystems. Previous survey data include National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) National Ocean Service (NOS) hydrographic survey from 1956 and a USGS survey from 2010 that is augmented with NOS surveys from 2006 and 2007. The primary result of this analysis is documentation and quantification of the nature and rates of bathymetric changes that are near (within about 2.5 km) the current Cape Canaveral shoreline and interpretation of the impact of these changes on future erosion vulnerability.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151180","usgsCitation":"Thompson, D.M., Plant, N.G., and Hansen, M.E., 2015, Analysis of bathymetric surveys to identify coastal vulnerabilities at Cape Canaveral, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open–File Report 2015–1180, 24 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151180.","productDescription":"vi, 24 p.","numberOfPages":"31","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-064347","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":309576,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1180/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":309577,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1180/ofr20151180.pdf","size":"6.74 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1180"},{"id":309798,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F75Q4T4N","text":"Single-Beam Bathymetry Data, Cape Canaveral, Florida, 2010","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2015-1180"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","city":"Cape Canaveral","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.63003540039062,\n 28.655645954019544\n ],\n [\n -80.57098388671874,\n 28.585727616133926\n ],\n [\n -80.56549072265625,\n 28.54954469910389\n ],\n [\n -80.55450439453125,\n 28.50369515241441\n ],\n [\n -80.53390502929688,\n 28.481969987679054\n ],\n [\n -80.52429199218749,\n 28.452996148032607\n ],\n [\n -80.53939819335938,\n 28.4433364363651\n ],\n [\n -80.5572509765625,\n 28.43971381702788\n ],\n [\n -80.57235717773438,\n 28.425222099239033\n ],\n [\n -80.58059692382812,\n 28.409520499193246\n ],\n [\n -80.4913330078125,\n 28.382943257980948\n ],\n [\n -80.44876098632812,\n 28.44454394857482\n ],\n [\n -80.45150756835938,\n 28.509729126769052\n ],\n [\n -80.48171997070312,\n 28.555576049185973\n ],\n [\n -80.48858642578125,\n 28.611048252984677\n ],\n [\n -80.52703857421875,\n 28.662876227341822\n ],\n [\n -80.54351806640625,\n 28.689382962051912\n ],\n [\n -80.63003540039062,\n 28.655645954019544\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
600 4th Street South
St. Petersburg, FL 33701
http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/