Federal mandates and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS, also known as the Bureau) Fundamental Science Practices (FSP) policies require that publicly funded scientific data, publications, and derivative works be openly accessible to researchers and the public. Open access helps to leverage the public investment by making the acquired data and published information products—collectively referred to as “data assets”—easier to locate, reproduce, and reuse. Open access also provides transparency to the processes used to acquire and analyze the data, thereby helping to ensure the scientific integrity of USGS data and products.
The data assets produced by USGS programs, science centers, and projects are preserved digitally in various USGS and non-USGS repositories. To capitalize on the investment expended for data collection, analysis, and interpretation, these systems must remain useful and meaningful. For USGS repositories, the Bureau FSP Advisory Committee has implemented an evaluation process to ensure that the systems being used to preserve these data assets are trustworthy, reliable, and secure and thus provide for data longevity, integrity, and security. A system that is found to meet the reliability and suitability requirements is certified as a USGS Trusted Digital Repository.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20203032","usgsCitation":"Latysh, N., Kirk, K.G., and Faundeen, J., 2020, Purpose and benefits of U.S. Geological Survey Trusted Digital Repositories: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2020–3032, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20203032.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-108444","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":375487,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2020/3032/fs20203032.pdf","text":"Report","size":"453 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2020-3032"},{"id":375486,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2020/3032/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
The consequences of environmental disturbance and management are difficult to quantify for spatially structured populations because changes in one location carry through to other areas as a result of species movement. We develop a metric, G, for measuring the contribution of a habitat or pathway to network-wide population growth rate in the face of environmental change. This metric is different from other contribution metrics, as it quantifies effects of modifying vital rates for habitats and pathways in perturbation experiments. Perturbation treatments may range from small degradation or enhancement to complete habitat or pathway removal. We demonstrate the metric using a simple metapopulation example and a case study of eastern monarch butterflies. For the monarch case study, the magnitude of environmental change influences the ordering of node contribution. We find that habitats within which all individuals reside during one season are the most important to short-term network growth under complete removal scenarios, whereas the central breeding region contributes most to population growth over all but the strongest disturbances. The metric G provides for more efficient management interventions that proactively mitigate impacts of expected disturbances to spatially structured populations.
use changes in one location carry through to other areas due to species movement. We develop a metric, G, for measuring the contribution of a habitat or pathway to network-wide population growth rate in the face of environmental change. This metric is different than other contribution metrics as it quantifies effects of modifying vital rates for habitats and pathways in perturbation experiments. Perturbation treatments may range from small degradation or enhancement to complete habitat or pathway removal. We demonstrate the metric using a simple metapopulation example and a case study of eastern monarch butterflies. For the monarch case study, the magnitude of environmental change influences ordering of node contribution. We find that habitats through which all migrants flow are the most important to short-term network growth under complete-removal scenarios. The metric G provides for more efficient management interventions that proactively mitigate impacts of expected disturbances to spatially structured populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"The University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1086/709009","usgsCitation":"Sample, C., Bieri, J., Allen, B.L., Dementieva, Y., Carson, A., Higgins, C., Piatt, S., Qiu, S., Stafford, S., Mattsson, B., Semmens, D., Diffendorfer, J., and Thogmartin, W.E., 2020, Quantifying the contribution of habitats and pathways to a spatially structured population facing environmental change: American Naturalist, v. 196, no. 2, p. 157-168, https://doi.org/10.1086/709009.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"157","endPage":"168","ipdsId":"IP-110963","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":456440,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/709009","text":"Publisher Index 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Redlands","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":795684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Mattsson, Brady J.","contributorId":171612,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mattsson","given":"Brady J.","affiliations":[{"id":26928,"text":"Univ. of Vienna","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":795685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Semmens, Darius J. 0000-0001-7924-6529","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7924-6529","contributorId":64201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Semmens","given":"Darius J.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":795686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Diffendorfer, James E. 0000-0003-1093-6948 jediffendorfer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1093-6948","contributorId":3208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diffendorfer","given":"James E.","email":"jediffendorfer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":795687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Thogmartin, Wayne E. 0000-0002-2384-4279 wthogmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2384-4279","contributorId":2545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thogmartin","given":"Wayne","email":"wthogmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":795688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70210940,"text":"70210940 - 2020 - Geochronologic and Hf-isotope framework of Proterozoic rocks from central New Mexico, USA: Formation of the Mazatzal crustal province in an extended continental margin arc","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-08T15:58:01.581242","indexId":"70210940","displayToPublicDate":"2020-06-11T08:52:11","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3112,"text":"Precambrian Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochronologic and Hf-isotope framework of Proterozoic rocks from central New Mexico, USA: Formation of the Mazatzal crustal province in an extended continental margin arc","docAbstract":"The growth of southern Laurentia has been attributed to the accretion of juvenile arc terranes during the successive 1.74-1.68 Ga Yavapai and 1.65-1.60 Ga Mazatzal orogenies. However, in light of the increasing importance of the ca. 1.49-1.40 Ga Mesoproterozoic Picuris orogeny, the tectonic setting in which the Mazatzal crustal province and its distinctive quartzite-rhyolite successions were generated needs additional examination. The Sandia-Manzano-Los Pinos uplift in central New Mexico is an ideal place to characterize the tectonic history of the Mazatzal crustal province. A comprehensive geochronologic and Hf-isotopic dataset for Proterozoic rocks of the Sandia-Manzano-Los Pinos uplift is presented. Plutonic and metavolcanic rocks in the Sandia-Manzano-Los Pinos uplift were emplaced in three pulses at 1668-1655 Ma, 1587 Ma, and 1459-1453 Ma. Hf-isotope data from the Paleoproterozoic plutonic rocks are juvenile, with both leucogranite and arc-related granodiorite yielding εHf(t) values ranging from +6 to +12, compared to the coeval depleted mantle value of +10 at ca. 1.65 Ga. Inherited zircon in Paleoproterozoic rocks suggest that crust older than 1.7 Ga was involved in their genesis. Hf-isotope data from Mesoproterozoic plutonic rocks in the Sandia-Manzano-Los Pinos uplift are consistent with derivation from 1.7-1.6 Ga lithosphere. Detrital zircon indicate that metasedimentary rocks of the lower Manzano Group were derived primarily from local sources that have U-Pb-Hf isotope compositions similar to the plutonic rocks which intrude and volcanic rocks that underlie the Manzano Group. The detrital zircon provenance of the Manzano Group broadens up-section from unimodal populations with age peaks at ca. 1.65 Ga to include 1.7-3.0 Ga detrital zircon derived from older Laurentian sources like the Yavapai and Mojave provinces. We offer a new model for the formation of the Mazatzal crustal province of New Mexico as a continental margin arc built on top of the previously assembled Yavapai province. The Manzano Group quartzite-rhyolite succession was formed by lithospheric extension above a north-dipping, southward retreating subduction zone. The Manzano Group was then subjected to ca. 1.65 Ga syn-magmatic tectonism and later intracratonic contractional tectonism, likely during the 1.46-1.40 Ga Picuris orogeny.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.precamres.2020.105820","usgsCitation":"Holland, M.E., Grambling, T.A., Karlstrom, K.E., Jones, J.V., Nagotko, K.N., and Daniel, C.G., 2020, Geochronologic and Hf-isotope framework of Proterozoic rocks from central New Mexico, USA: Formation of the Mazatzal crustal province in an extended continental margin arc: Precambrian Research, v. 347, 105820, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2020.105820.","productDescription":"105820, 19 p.","ipdsId":"IP-119090","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":436934,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9U0P2ZY","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"U-Pb Isotopic Data and Ages of Zircon from the Manzano Mountains, New Mexico"},{"id":376146,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.45703125,\n 32.52828936482526\n ],\n [\n -103.46923828124999,\n 32.52828936482526\n ],\n [\n -103.46923828124999,\n 36.38591277287651\n ],\n [\n -108.45703125,\n 36.38591277287651\n ],\n [\n -108.45703125,\n 32.52828936482526\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"347","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holland, Mark E.","contributorId":228842,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holland","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":36307,"text":"University of New Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":792239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grambling, Tyler A.","contributorId":228843,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grambling","given":"Tyler","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":36307,"text":"University of New Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":792240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Karlstrom, Karl E.","contributorId":228844,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karlstrom","given":"Karl","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":36307,"text":"University of New Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":792241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, James V. III 0000-0002-6602-5935 jvjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6602-5935","contributorId":201245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"James","suffix":"III","email":"jvjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nagotko, Kimberly N.","contributorId":228845,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nagotko","given":"Kimberly","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":16651,"text":"Bucknell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":792243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Daniel, Christopher G.","contributorId":195246,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Daniel","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":25242,"text":"Department of Biology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania 17837, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":792244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70211001,"text":"70211001 - 2020 - Potential for recreational restrictions to reduce grizzly bear–caused human injuries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-10T13:22:30.718297","indexId":"70211001","displayToPublicDate":"2020-06-11T08:20:50","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3671,"text":"Ursus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential for recreational restrictions to reduce grizzly bear–caused human injuries","docAbstract":"In 2011, 2 hikers were killed by grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) in separate incidents on backcountry trails in Hayden Valley, Yellowstone National Park, USA (YNP). Hayden Valley provides prime habitat for grizzly bears and is known to have high densities of bears. During 1970–2017, 23% (10 of 44) of all backcountry grizzly bear–inflicted human injuries and fatalities in YNP occurred in the valley even though it comprises only 1% of the park. In addition, 3 of the last 5 fatal bear attacks in the park occurred in the valley. We evaluated retrospectively whether restrictions and closures on visitor recreational activity would have prevented many of these injuries. We considered prohibitions on recreational activity during seasons when bears forage for specific high-quality foods; potential closures that coincided with the times of day and year bears were most active in the valley; and visitor use restrictions that would have prevented the most common human behaviors associated with grizzly bear–caused human injuries. The food-based closure that may have prevented the most human injuries occurred during middle to late summer when bears scavenge bison (Bison bison) carcasses that result from annual rutting behavior of bison in the valley. However, safety precautions such as hiking in groups of >=3, remaining on maintained trails, and carrying bear spray would likely reduce the frequency of bear-inflicted human injuries more than most food-based seasonal closures. Our analyses provide broadly applicable findings regarding use of visitor behavior restrictions and seasonal closures to reduce the risk of bear-inflicted human injuries.","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Bear Research and Management","doi":"10.2192/URSUS-D-18-0005.1","usgsCitation":"Gunther, K.A., and Haroldson, M.A., 2020, Potential for recreational restrictions to reduce grizzly bear–caused human injuries: Ursus, v. 2020, 31e6, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.2192/URSUS-D-18-0005.1.","productDescription":"31e6, 17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-095139","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":456442,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2192/ursus-d-18-0005.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":376248,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.05529785156249,\n 43.67581809328341\n ],\n [\n -109.2041015625,\n 43.67581809328341\n ],\n [\n -109.2041015625,\n 45.00365115687186\n ],\n [\n -111.05529785156249,\n 45.00365115687186\n ],\n [\n -111.05529785156249,\n 43.67581809328341\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"2020","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gunther, Kerry A.","contributorId":84621,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gunther","given":"Kerry","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5118,"text":"Yellowstone National Park, Yellowstone Center for Resources, Bear Management Office, P.O. Box 168, Yellowstone National Park, WY 82190","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":792393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haroldson, Mark A. 0000-0002-7457-7676 mharoldson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7457-7676","contributorId":1773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haroldson","given":"Mark","email":"mharoldson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70211023,"text":"70211023 - 2020 - Land use effects on sediment nutrient processes in a heavily modified watershed using structural equation models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-10T13:10:51.180487","indexId":"70211023","displayToPublicDate":"2020-06-11T08:07:38","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Land use effects on sediment nutrient processes in a heavily modified watershed using structural equation models","docAbstract":"Contemporary land use can affect sediment nutrient processes in rivers draining heavily modified watersheds; however, studies linking land use to sediment nutrient processes in large river networks are limited. In this study, we developed and evaluated structural equation models (SE models) for denitrification and phosphorus retention capacity to determine direct and indirect linkages between current land use and sediment nutrient processes during baseflow in the Fox River watershed, Wisconsin USA. A large spatial-scale dataset used for this study included sediment nitrogen and phosphorus retention measurements and land use information for 106 sites. The SE models for the Fox River watershed identified direct links between current land use and in-stream sediment nutrient processes. Sub-watersheds with agricultural land consisting of more natural land cover had lower surface water nitrate concentrations and higher denitrification enzyme activity than sub-watersheds with less alternative cover. This suggests that best management practices implemented in the Fox River watershed that restore natural land cover can improve water quality through nitrogen removal on the agricultural landscape and in the river network. Best management practices are not having the same measurable affect on phosphorus in the river network, most likely due to legacy phosphorus stored in the sediment.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2019WR026655","usgsCitation":"Kreiling, R.M., Thoms, M.C., Bartsch, L., Larson, J.H., and Christensen, V., 2020, Land use effects on sediment nutrient processes in a heavily modified watershed using structural equation models: Water Resources Research, v. 56, no. 7, e2019WR026655, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2019WR026655.","productDescription":"e2019WR026655, 17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-108469","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":376246,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Fox River watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.95654296875,\n 44.61393394730626\n ],\n [\n -88.5498046875,\n 44.692088041727786\n ],\n [\n -88.26416015625001,\n 45.166547157856016\n ],\n [\n -88.714599609375,\n 45.62940492064498\n ],\n [\n -89.241943359375,\n 45.96642454131025\n ],\n [\n -89.8681640625,\n 45.706179285330855\n ],\n [\n -89.95605468750001,\n 44.95702412512118\n ],\n [\n -89.5166015625,\n 44.41808794374846\n ],\n [\n -89.439697265625,\n 43.929549935614574\n ],\n [\n -89.52758789062501,\n 43.57243174740972\n ],\n [\n -89.351806640625,\n 43.37311218381999\n ],\n [\n -88.93432617187501,\n 43.31718491566708\n ],\n [\n -88.53881835937499,\n 43.36512572875844\n ],\n [\n -88.11035156249999,\n 43.45291889355465\n ],\n [\n -87.82470703125,\n 44.134913443750726\n ],\n [\n -87.53906250000001,\n 44.574817404670306\n ],\n [\n -87.659912109375,\n 44.62957319195102\n ],\n [\n -87.879638671875,\n 44.527842798455474\n ],\n [\n -87.95654296875,\n 44.61393394730626\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"56","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-07-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kreiling, Rebecca M. 0000-0002-9295-4156","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9295-4156","contributorId":202193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kreiling","given":"Rebecca","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thoms, Martin C. 0000-0002-8074-0476","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8074-0476","contributorId":145710,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thoms","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":16205,"text":"Riverine Landscapes Research Laboratory, University of New England, NSW, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":792461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bartsch, Lynn A. 0000-0002-1483-4845 lbartsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1483-4845","contributorId":149360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartsch","given":"Lynn A.","email":"lbartsch@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Larson, James H. 0000-0002-6414-9758 jhlarson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6414-9758","contributorId":4250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"James","email":"jhlarson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Christensen, Victoria 0000-0003-4166-7461","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4166-7461","contributorId":220548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"Victoria","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70211894,"text":"70211894 - 2020 - A non-linear relationship between marsh size and sediment trapping capacity compromises salt marshes’ resilience to sea-level rise","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-23T15:56:59.9984","indexId":"70211894","displayToPublicDate":"2020-06-10T08:24:32","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A non-linear relationship between marsh size and sediment trapping capacity compromises salt marshes’ resilience to sea-level rise","docAbstract":"Global assessments predict the impact of sea-level rise on salt marshes with present-day levels of sediment supply from rivers and the coastal ocean. However, these assessments do not consider that variations in marsh extent and the related reconfiguration of intertidal area affect local sediment dynamics, ultimately controlling the fate of the marshes themselves. We conducted a meta-analysis of six bays along the United States East Coast to show that a reduction in the current salt marsh area decreases the sediment availability in estuarine systems through changes in regional-scale hydrodynamics. This positive feedback between marsh disappearance and the ability of coastal bays to retain sediments reduces the trapping capacity of the whole tidal system and jeopardizes the survival of the remaining marshes. We show that on marsh platforms, the sediment deposition per unit area decreases exponentially with marsh loss. Marsh erosion enlarges tidal prism values and enhances the tendency toward ebb dominance, thus decreasing the overall sediment availability of the system. Our findings highlight that marsh deterioration reduces the sediment stock in back-barrier basins and therefore compromises the resilience of salt marshes.
Submarine landslides caused by strong ground shaking during the M9.2 1964 Great Alaska earthquake generated a tsunami that destroyed much of the old town of Valdez, Alaska, and was responsible for 32 deaths at that location. We explore structural details of the 1964 landslide deposit, as well as landslide deposits from earlier events, in order to characterize kinematics of the landslide process. We present a new high‐resolution seismic reflection data set that images the 1964 landslide deposit and six pre‐1964 deposits with great detail. These deposits are represented by thick packages (~7–23 m) of debris within >500 m of fjord sedimentation above basement. Internal slide structures are associated with distinctive landslide failure mechanisms, including detailed erosional and depositional features and structures resolved within both landslide blocks and distal debris flow layers. Based on comparisons of deposit volume from subbottom structure and differenced bathymetry, we refine prior interpretations of the source of failed material. New data show evidence for basal erosion and reworking of fjord‐floor sedimentation. Additionally, material comprising the 1964 landslide appears to have been translated and deformed by lateral thrusting, rather than having been sourced entirely from upslope evacuation zones. Taking into account these complexities in depositional patterns, we show variations in slide size through Holocene time and relate the history of landslides to the paleoseismic record. Collectively, these new observations demonstrate that Port Valdez has a repeated history of large submarine landslides, which are likely associated with large megathrust earthquakes.
We observed cannibalism, the act of consuming a conspecific, of eggs and nestlings by Common Ravens (Corvus corax; hereafter “raven”) by video-monitoring nests in Nevada and California. Specifically, within the sagebrush steppe of Nevada, adult ravens killed and consumed raven chicks from an active nest. Additionally, on the coast of California, we observed adult ravens consume inviable eggs from their own nest following full-term incubation. To our knowledge, these observations represent the first documented cannibalistic behavior by ravens.
Geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) are quasi-direct current (DC) electric currents that flow in technological conductors during geomagnetic storms. Extreme GICs are hazardous to man-made infrastructure. GICs enter and exit the technological systems, such as the electric power grid, at grounding points, and their magnitudes depend on the currents that flow underground. They are, therefore, a function of the Earth's electrical conductivity, represented at ground level as Earth impedances, as well as the resistance parameters of the power network. Traditional GIC estimation practices are based on Earth impedances obtained from laterally homogeneous or piecewise layered-Earth models. We refer to these methods, collectively, as the 1-D approximation. However, GIC hazard mitigation can be improved with more accurate GIC modeling that takes the spatially heterogeneous Earth's conductivity into account. Here, we propose a modified approximation for GIC estimation that is very similar to the 1-D approximation but is instead derived from empirical 3-D Earth impedances. Our formulation sets up the computation of static, frequency-dependent power line telluric response functions, which, once computed, may be considered part of the power grid system model. These response functions may then be used for historical scenario analysis of GIC hazards and for simplified real-time, albeit approximate, GIC estimation in a power grid. This modest modification to the simpler local field formulation approach avoids real-time integration of geoelectric fields along power lines while taking the realistic 3-D Earth into account in a rigorous manner. Once implemented, the method provides a power grid operator with the benefits of convenience and computational speed for a first look real-time operational GIC hazard assessment. We estimate that the proposed modified 3-D GIC modeling approach produces GIC values that are well within 50% of those obtained with the full-scale power line integration of spatially variable geoelectric fields, for storms comparable in scale to the 2003 Halloween storm, all geological structures, and power lines located in the contiguous United States and other low- to middle-latitude regions.
A microstructural and thermochronometric analysis of the Coyote Mountains detachment shear zone provides new insight into the collapse of the southern North American Cordillera. The Coyote Mountains is a metamorphic core complex that makes up the northern end of the Baboquivari Mountains in southern Arizona. The Baboquivari Mountains records several episodes of crustal shortening and thickening and regional metamorphism, including the Late Cretaceous‐early Paleogene Laramide orogeny which is locally expressed by the Baboquivari thrust fault. Thrusting and shortening were accompanied by magmatic activity recorded by intrusion of Paleocene muscovite‐biotite‐garnet peraluminous granites such as the ~58 Ma Pan Tak Granite, interpreted as anatectic melts representing the culmination of the Laramide orogeny. Following Laramide crustal shortening, the northern end of the Baboquivari Mountains was exhumed along a top‐to‐the‐north detachment shear zone, which resulted in the formation of the Coyote Mountains metamorphic core complex. Structural and microstructural analysis show that the detachment shear zone evolved under a strong component of noncoaxial (simple shear) deformation, at deformation conditions of ~450 ± 50°C, under a differential stress of ~60 MPa, and a strain rate of 1.5 × 10−11 to 5.0 × 10−13 s−1 at depth of ~11–14 km. Detailed 40Ar/39Ar geochronology of biotite and muscovite, in the context of the deformation conditions determined by quartz microstructures, suggests that the mylonitization associated with the formation of the Coyote Mountains metamorphic core complex started at ~29 Ma (early Oligocene). Apatite fission track ages indicate that the footwall of the Coyote Mountains metamorphic core complex experienced rapid exhumation to the upper crust by ~24 Ma. The fact that mylonitization and rapid extensional exhumation postdates Laramide thickening by ~30 Myr indicates that crustal thickness alone was insufficient to initiate extensional tectonic and required an additional driving force. The timing of mylonitization and rapid exhumation documented here and in other MCCs are consistent with the hypothesis that slab rollback and the effect of a slab window trailing the Mendocino Triple Junction have been critical in driving the development of the MCCs of the southwest.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2019TC006050","usgsCitation":"Gottardi, R., McAleer, R.J., Casale, G., Borel, M., Iriondo, A., and Jepson, G., 2020, Exhumation of the Coyote Mountains metamorphic core complex (Arizona): Implications for orogenic collapse of the southern North American Cordillera.: Tectonics, v. 39, no. 8, e2019TC006050, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2019TC006050.","productDescription":"e2019TC006050, 33 p.","ipdsId":"IP-112230","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489084,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2019tc006050","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":378558,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States, Mexico","state":"British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, California, Arizona, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, Colorado, Wyoming, Idaho, Montana","otherGeospatial":"North American Cordillera, Baboquivari Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -127.96875,\n 50.680797145321655\n ],\n [\n -124.365234375,\n 39.57182223734374\n ],\n [\n -120.58593749999999,\n 34.161818161230386\n ],\n [\n -115.927734375,\n 30.221101852485987\n ],\n [\n -110.21484375,\n 27.605670826465445\n ],\n [\n -105.029296875,\n 32.54681317351514\n ],\n [\n -105.732421875,\n 38.75408327579141\n ],\n [\n -109.16015624999999,\n 44.33956524809713\n ],\n [\n -113.818359375,\n 49.095452162534826\n ],\n [\n -117.68554687499999,\n 51.781435604431195\n ],\n [\n -127.96875,\n 50.680797145321655\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"39","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-08-21","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gottardi, Raphael 0000-0002-6774-1343","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6774-1343","contributorId":194320,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gottardi","given":"Raphael","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7155,"text":"University of Louisiana at Lafayette","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McAleer, Ryan J. 0000-0003-3801-7441 rmcaleer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3801-7441","contributorId":215498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAleer","given":"Ryan","email":"rmcaleer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Casale, Gabriele 0000-0003-1371-753X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1371-753X","contributorId":192726,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Casale","given":"Gabriele","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27675,"text":"Appalachian State University, Boone, NC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Borel, Megan 0000-0002-5651-0603","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5651-0603","contributorId":240974,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Borel","given":"Megan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12558,"text":"University of Florida, Gainesville","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Iriondo, Alexander 0000-0002-5129-9378","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5129-9378","contributorId":240977,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Iriondo","given":"Alexander","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48178,"text":"Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico-Campus Juriquilla","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jepson, Gilby 0000-0003-0151-3062","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0151-3062","contributorId":240978,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jepson","given":"Gilby","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70211979,"text":"70211979 - 2020 - A global hybrid VS30 map with a topographic slope–based default and regional map insets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-01T19:56:33.482891","indexId":"70211979","displayToPublicDate":"2020-06-09T17:53:26","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"A global hybrid VS30 map with a topographic slope–based default and regional map insets","title":"A global hybrid VS30 map with a topographic slope–based default and regional map insets","docAbstract":"Time-averaged shear wave velocity over the upper 30 m of the earth’s surface (VS30) is a key parameter for estimating ground motion amplification as both a predictive and a diagnostic tool for earthquake hazards. The first-order approximation of VS30 is commonly obtained through a topographic slope–based or terrain proxy due to the widely available nature of digital elevation models. However, better-constrained VS30 maps have been developed in many regions. Such maps preferentially employ various combinations of VS30 measurements, higher-resolution elevation models, lithologic, geologic, geomorphic, and other proxies and often utilize refined interpolation schemes. We develop a new hybrid global VS30 map database that defaults to the global slope-based VS30 map, but smoothly inserts regional VS30 maps where available. In addition, we present comparisons of the default slope-based proxy maps against the new hybrid version in terms of VS30 and amplification ratio maps, and uncertainties in assigned VS30 values.
","language":"English","publisher":"Sage","doi":"10.1177/8755293020911137","usgsCitation":"Heath, D.C., Wald, D.J., Worden, C., Thompson, E.M., and Smoczyk, G.M., 2020, A global hybrid VS30 map with a topographic slope–based default and regional map insets: Earthquake Spectra, v. 36, no. 3, p. 1570-1584, https://doi.org/10.1177/8755293020911137.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1570","endPage":"1584","ipdsId":"IP-117706","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":377458,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -127.35351562499999,\n 21.37124437061831\n ],\n [\n -90.52734374999999,\n 21.37124437061831\n ],\n [\n -90.52734374999999,\n 48.8936153614802\n ],\n [\n -127.35351562499999,\n 48.8936153614802\n ],\n [\n -127.35351562499999,\n 21.37124437061831\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"36","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-06-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heath, David C. 0000-0002-6645-422X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6645-422X","contributorId":238114,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heath","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":796075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wald, David J. 0000-0002-1454-4514 wald@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-4514","contributorId":795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"David","email":"wald@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":796076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Worden, C. Bruce 0000-0003-1181-685X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1181-685X","contributorId":189051,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Worden","given":"C. Bruce","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":796077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thompson, Eric M. 0000-0002-6943-4806 emthompson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6943-4806","contributorId":150897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Eric","email":"emthompson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":796078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smoczyk, Gregory M. 0000-0002-6591-4060 gsmoczyk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6591-4060","contributorId":5239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smoczyk","given":"Gregory","email":"gsmoczyk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":796079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70211905,"text":"70211905 - 2020 - Comparison of SELDM simulated total-phosphorus concentrations with ecological impervious-area criteria","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-11T19:04:49.848316","indexId":"70211905","displayToPublicDate":"2020-06-09T14:02:52","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2255,"text":"Journal of Environmental Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of SELDM simulated total-phosphorus concentrations with ecological impervious-area criteria","docAbstract":"Ecological studies indicate that impervious cover (IC) greater than approximately 5%–20% may have adverse effects on receiving-stream ecology. It is difficult to separate the effects of runoff quality from other effects of urbanization on receiving streams. This study presents the results of a numerical experiment to assess the effects of increasing IC on water quality using the Stochastic Empirical Loading and Dilution Model (SELDM). Hydrologic and physiographic variables representative of southern New England were used to simulate receiving water quality in a basin with IC ranging from 0.1% to 30%. Simulation results mirror the results of ecological studies; event mean concentrations (EMCs) of total phosphorus (TP) increase proportionally to the logarithms of imperviousness for a given risk percentile. Simulation results indicated that commonly used stormwater treatment methods may be insufficient for mitigating the effects of imperviousness. Therefore, disconnection, rather than treatment, may be needed to protect water quality, and efforts to preserve undeveloped stream basins may be more effective than efforts to remediate conditions in highly developed basins. Results also indicate that commonly used water-quality criteria may be too restrictive for stormwater because TP EMCs frequently exceed these criteria, even in minimally developed basins.
Groundwater-level conditions, generalized groundwater potentiometric surfaces, and generalized flow directions at the decommissioned Naval Air Warfare Center in West Trenton, New Jersey, were evaluated for calendar year 2018. Groundwater levels measured continuously in five on-site wells and one nearby off-site well were plotted as hydrographs for January 1, 2018, through December 31, 2018. Groundwater levels measured in 110 wells on June 18, 2018, were contoured as generalized potentiometric surfaces on maps and sections. Generalized groundwater-flow directions inferred from the June 2018 data are shown in the maps and sections.
Groundwater levels in six monitoring wells fluctuated in response to seasonal changes, precipitation, and pumping from “pump-and-treat” (P&T) wells. Record high precipitation totals in November, combined with a shutdown of three P&T wells in November, resulted in annual high water levels in late November for five of the six wells monitored. Annual high groundwater levels that occur during the fall are uncharacteristic of the typical timing of annual high water levels, which usually occur in the spring following low evapotranspiration during the winter months, compared to annual low water levels, which usually occur in fall because of high evapotranspiration during the summer months. The annual high water levels occurred following a 3-day precipitation event totaling 3.50 inches from November 24-26, which also caused the largest 1-day water-level increase for five of the six wells in 2018.
The groundwater-level contour maps and sections include generalized flow directions. Given the heterogeneity of the site’s fractured rock aquifers, contours and associated groundwater-flow directions shown on the maps and sections should be considered as broad conceptualizations. A nearly vertical fault striking southwest to northeast separates the northwestern part of the site underlain by the Lockatong Formation from the southeastern part, which is underlain by the Stockton Formation. In the Lockatong Formation, general groundwater-flow directions were toward P&T wells. The P&T wells limited the flow of groundwater in the Lockatong Formation from the site into the adjacent areas and contained most groundwater contamination within the site. A groundwater divide bisected the site; groundwater in the western part generally flowed to P&T wells 8BR, 15BR, 20BR, 29BR, 56BR, 91BR, and BRP-2, and groundwater in the eastern part generally flowed to P&T well 48BR. A groundwater divide also was present in the Stockton Formation. Groundwater west of the divide in the Stockton Formation generally flowed toward P&T well 22BR, and groundwater east of the divide generally flowed south and southeast, away from the site. Saprolite and fill from land surface to depths of 25 feet below land surface exhibit similar properties to those of porous media, and water levels in surficial wells were contoured using a porous media aquifer approach. Water levels in these surficial wells indicate that groundwater in the saprolite and fill flowed predominantly toward Gold Run and, to a lesser extent, the West Ditch spring that drains to Gold Run. In addition, some shallow groundwater was captured by the cone of depression in the fractured bedrock and was attributed to P&T well 48BR.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20201016","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Navy","usgsCitation":"Fiore, A.R., and Lacombe, P.J., 2020, Groundwater levels and generalized potentiometric surfaces, former Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, New Jersey, 2018: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2020–1016, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20201016.","productDescription":"Report: v, 28 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-104199","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":375290,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1016/ofr20201016.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2020-1016"},{"id":375285,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1016/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":375288,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P98N1GWV","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Reported groundwater levels and groundwater pump-and-treat withdrawals, former Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, New Jersey, 2018"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","city":"West Trenton","otherGeospatial":"Former Naval Air Warfare Center","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.81613278388977,\n 40.26694411855267\n ],\n [\n -74.80834364891052,\n 40.26694411855267\n ],\n [\n -74.80834364891052,\n 40.27319835024231\n ],\n [\n -74.81613278388977,\n 40.27319835024231\n ],\n [\n -74.81613278388977,\n 40.26694411855267\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New Jersey Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3450 Princeton Pike, Suite 110
Lawrenceville, NJ 08648
The hydrogeology below large surface water features such as rivers and estuaries is universally under-informed at the long reach to basin scales (tens of km+). This challenge inhibits the accurate modeling of fresh/saline groundwater interfaces and groundwater/surface water exchange patterns at management-relevant spatial extents. Here we introduce a towed, floating transient electromagnetic (TEM) system (i.e. FloaTEM) for rapid (up to 15 km/h) high resolution electrical mapping of the subsurface below large water bodies to depths often a factor of 10 greater than other towed instruments. The novel FloaTEM system is demonstrated at a range of diverse 4th through 6th-order riverine settings across the United States including 1) the Farmington River, near Hartford, Connecticut; 2) the Upper Delaware River near Barryville, New York; 3) the Tallahatchie River near Shellmound, Mississippi; and, 4) the Eel River estuary, on Cape Cod, near Falmouth, Massachusetts. Airborne frequency-domain electromagnetic and land-based towed TEM data are also compared at the Tallahatchie River site, and streambed geologic scenarios are explored with forward modeling. A range of geologic structures and pore water salinity interfaces were identified. Process-based interpretation of the case study data indicated FloaTEM can resolve varied sediment-water interface materials, such as the accumulation of fines at the bottom of a reservoir and permeable sand/gravel riverbed sediments that focus groundwater discharge. Bedrock layers were mapped at several sites, and aquifer confining units were defined at comparable resolution to airborne methods. Terrestrial fresh groundwater discharge with flowpaths extending hundreds of meters from shore was also imaged below the Eel River estuary, improving on previous hydrogeological characterizations of that nutrient-rich coastal exchange zone. In summary, the novel FloaTEM system fills a critical gap in our ability to characterize the hydrogeology below surface water features and will support more accurate prediction of groundwater/surface water exchange dynamics and fresh-saline groundwater interfaces.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140074","usgsCitation":"Lane, J.W., Briggs, M., Maurya, P., White, E.A., Pedersen, J., Auken, E., Terry, N., Minsley, B.J., Kress, W., LeBlanc, D.R., Adams, R.F., and Johnson, C., 2020, Characterizing the diverse hydrogeology underlying rivers and estuaries using new floating transient electromagnetic methodology: Science of the Total Environment, v. 740, 140074, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140074.","productDescription":"140074, 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-119384","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":456460,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140074","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436936,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9E5JBAF","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Floating and Towed Transient Electromagnetic Surveys used to Characterize Hydrogeology underlying Rivers and Estuaries: March - December 2018"},{"id":385330,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"740","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lane, John W. 0000-0002-3558-243X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3558-243X","contributorId":219742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Briggs, Martin A. 0000-0003-3206-4132","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3206-4132","contributorId":257637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Martin A.","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maurya, PK","contributorId":257644,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maurya","given":"PK","affiliations":[{"id":37318,"text":"Aarhus University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"White, Eric A. 0000-0002-7782-146X eawhite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7782-146X","contributorId":1737,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"Eric","email":"eawhite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":814805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pedersen, JB","contributorId":257645,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pedersen","given":"JB","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37318,"text":"Aarhus University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Auken, Esben","contributorId":193991,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Auken","given":"Esben","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":814807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Terry, Neil 0000-0002-3965-340X nterry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3965-340X","contributorId":192554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terry","given":"Neil","email":"nterry@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Minsley, Burke J. 0000-0003-1689-1306","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1689-1306","contributorId":248573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minsley","given":"Burke","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kress, Wade 0000-0002-6833-028X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6833-028X","contributorId":203539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kress","given":"Wade","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"LeBlanc, Denis R. 0000-0002-4646-2628","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4646-2628","contributorId":219907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeBlanc","given":"Denis","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":38175,"text":"Toxics Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Adams, Ryan F. 0000-0001-7299-329X rfadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7299-329X","contributorId":5499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Ryan","email":"rfadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5064,"text":"Southeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Johnson, Carole D. 0000-0001-6941-1578","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6941-1578","contributorId":245365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Carole D.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70210535,"text":"70210535 - 2020 - Acris blanchardi (Blanchard's Cricket Frog), Predation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-15T20:28:40.109354","indexId":"70210535","displayToPublicDate":"2020-06-09T11:16:57","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1898,"text":"Herpetological Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Acris blanchardi (Blanchard's Cricket Frog), Predation","title":"Acris blanchardi (Blanchard's Cricket Frog), Predation","docAbstract":"Invertebrates are well-known predators of amphibians with many documented cases of spiders preying upon anurans (reviewed in Toledo 2005. Herpetol. Rev. 36:395–400). Wolf spiders are known to feed on a variety of frogs, including those in the genus Acris (Blackburn et al. 2002. Herpetol. Rev. 33:299). Although typically terrestrial, wolf spiders have been found feeding on arboreal frogs ca. 1 m above the ground (Aucone and Card 2002. Herpetol. Rev. 33:48). To our knowledge, no records exist of a wolf spider feeding on a terrestrial frog at an elevated height. At 0113 h on 30 April 2019, we observed an adult female wolf spider (Tigrosa georgicola: Lycosidae) feeding on an adult Acris blanchardi ca. 1.5 m high on the trunk of a small tree at the edge of a pond in Sherburne Wildlife Management Area, St. Martin Parish, Louisiana, USA (30.424°N, 91.663°W; WGS 84; Fig. 1). The spider was positioned facing the ground and the partially digested frog was hanging from its mouthparts. The spider likely captured the frog on the ground near the edge of the water and retreated up the tree with its meal (Fig. 1B). Movement of spiders with prey from an initial point of capture is documented in wolf spiders (Aucone and Card 2002, op. cit.) and other large terrestrial spiders (Maffei et al. 2010. Herpetol. Notes 3:167–170). This behavior may minimize the vulnerability of the spider to predators. We thank Zack Lemann, Curator of Animal Collections at the Audubon Butterfly Garden and Insectarium, for spider identification.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles","usgsCitation":"Maldonado, B.R., Glorioso, B., and Kidder, R.P., 2020, Acris blanchardi (Blanchard's Cricket Frog), Predation: Herpetological Review, v. 51, no. 2.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"296","ipdsId":"IP-112194","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":375469,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":375441,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ssarherps.org/herpetological-review-pdfs/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","county":"St Martin Parish","otherGeospatial":"Sherburne Wildlife Management Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.73468112945557,\n 30.445306929719315\n ],\n [\n -91.70335292816162,\n 30.445306929719315\n ],\n [\n -91.70335292816162,\n 30.469685487622733\n ],\n [\n -91.73468112945557,\n 30.469685487622733\n ],\n [\n -91.73468112945557,\n 30.445306929719315\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"51","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maldonado, Brittany R. 0000-0002-9737-6922","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9737-6922","contributorId":225150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maldonado","given":"Brittany","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":790559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glorioso, Brad 0000-0002-5400-7414","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5400-7414","contributorId":204397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glorioso","given":"Brad","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":790560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kidder, Raymond P. II 0000-0002-7102-788X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7102-788X","contributorId":225151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kidder","given":"Raymond","suffix":"II","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":790561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70210530,"text":"70210530 - 2020 - Low-level detection of SFD-causing Ophidiomyces on Burmese Pythons in southwest Florida, with confirmation of the pathogen on co-occurring native snakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-15T20:27:43.701359","indexId":"70210530","displayToPublicDate":"2020-06-09T11:09:17","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1898,"text":"Herpetological Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Low-level detection of SFD-causing Ophidiomyces on Burmese Pythons in southwest Florida, with confirmation of the pathogen on co-occurring native snakes","title":"Low-level detection of SFD-causing Ophidiomyces on Burmese Pythons in southwest Florida, with confirmation of the pathogen on co-occurring native snakes","docAbstract":"Snake fungal disease (SFD), or ophidiomycosis, is caused by the fungus Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola (Allender et al. 2015; Lorch et al. 2015). SFD is widespread across wild populations in the eastern United States (Lorch et al. 2016) and is known to infect more than 30 species of snake in North America and Europe (Lorch et al. 2016; Franklinos et al. 2017). No known phylogenetic or ecological patterns have been observed in susceptibility among snake taxa, and it is presumed that all species are likely susceptible (Burbrink et al. 2017).
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles","usgsCitation":"Glorioso, B., Bartoszek, I.A., and Lorch, J.M., 2020, Low-level detection of SFD-causing Ophidiomyces on Burmese Pythons in southwest Florida, with confirmation of the pathogen on co-occurring native snakes: Herpetological Review, v. 51, no. 2, p. 245-247.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"245","endPage":"247","ipdsId":"IP-113676","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":375468,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":375438,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ssarherps.org/herpetological-review-pdfs/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.6171875,\n 24.986058021167594\n ],\n [\n -80.4638671875,\n 24.986058021167594\n ],\n [\n -80.4638671875,\n 27.352252938063845\n ],\n [\n -82.6171875,\n 27.352252938063845\n ],\n [\n -82.6171875,\n 24.986058021167594\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"51","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glorioso, Brad 0000-0002-5400-7414","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5400-7414","contributorId":204397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glorioso","given":"Brad","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":790540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bartoszek, Ian A.","contributorId":138954,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bartoszek","given":"Ian","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12592,"text":"Conservancy of Southwest Florida, Naples, FL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":790541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lorch, Jeffrey M. 0000-0003-2239-1252 jlorch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2239-1252","contributorId":5565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorch","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jlorch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":790542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70263557,"text":"70263557 - 2020 - Optimizing earthquake early warning alert distance strategies using the July 2019 Mw6.4 and Mw7.1 Ridgecrest, California, earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-13T16:51:37.501189","indexId":"70263557","displayToPublicDate":"2020-06-09T10:48:49","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Optimizing earthquake early warning alert distance strategies using the July 2019 Mw6.4 and Mw7.1 Ridgecrest, California, earthquakes","docAbstract":"The ShakeAlert earthquake early warning system aims to alert people who experience modified Mercalli intensity (MMI) IV+ shaking during an earthquake using source estimates (magnitude and location) to estimate median‐expected peak ground motions with distance, then using these ground motions to determine median‐expected MMI and thus the extent of MMI IV shaking. Because median ground motions are used, even if magnitude and location are correct, there will be people outside the alert region who experience MMI IV shaking but do not receive an alert (missed alerts). We use 91,000 “Did You Feel It?” survey responses to the July 2019 Mw 6.4 and Mw 7.1 Ridgecrest, California, earthquakes to determine which ground‐motion to intensity conversion equation (GMICE) best fits median MMI with distance. We then explore how incorporating uncertainty from the ground‐motion prediction equation and the GMICE in the alert distance calculation can produce more accurate MMI IV alert regions for a desired alerting strategy (e.g., aiming to alert 95% of people who experience MMI IV+ shaking), assuming accurate source characterization. Without incorporating ground‐motion uncertainties, we find MMI IV alert regions using median‐expected ground motions alert fewer than 20% of the population that experiences MMI IV+ shaking. In contrast, we find >94% of the people who experience MMI IV+ shaking can be included in the MMI IV alert region when two standard deviations of ground‐motion uncertainty are included in the alert distance computation. The optimal alerting strategy depends on the false alert tolerance of the community due to the trade‐off between minimizing missed and false alerts. This is especially the case for situations like the Mw 6.4 earthquake when alerting 95% of the 5 million people who experience MMI IV+ also results in alerting 14 million people who experience shaking below this level and do not need to take protective action.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120200022","usgsCitation":"Saunders, J.K., Aagaard, B.T., Baltay Sundstrom, A.S., and Minson, S.E., 2020, Optimizing earthquake early warning alert distance strategies using the July 2019 Mw6.4 and Mw7.1 Ridgecrest, California, earthquakes: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 110, no. 4, p. 1872-1886, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120200022.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1872","endPage":"1886","ipdsId":"IP-115105","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":482040,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.78214580574435,\n 37.13529952586548\n ],\n [\n -118.8143775521145,\n 37.13529952586548\n ],\n [\n -118.8143775521145,\n 34.29388629344095\n ],\n [\n -115.78214580574435,\n 34.29388629344095\n ],\n [\n -115.78214580574435,\n 37.13529952586548\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"110","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-06-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saunders, Jessie Kate 0000-0001-5340-6715","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5340-6715","contributorId":290634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saunders","given":"Jessie","email":"","middleInitial":"Kate","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":927335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aagaard, Brad T. 0000-0002-8795-9833 baagaard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8795-9833","contributorId":192869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aagaard","given":"Brad","email":"baagaard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":927336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baltay Sundstrom, Annemarie S. 0000-0002-6514-852X abaltay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6514-852X","contributorId":4932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baltay Sundstrom","given":"Annemarie","email":"abaltay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":927337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Minson, Sarah E. 0000-0001-5869-3477 sminson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5869-3477","contributorId":5357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minson","given":"Sarah","email":"sminson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":927338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70211027,"text":"70211027 - 2020 - Changes in climate and land cover affect seasonal streamflow forecasts in the Rio Grande headwaters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-27T17:19:48.95791","indexId":"70211027","displayToPublicDate":"2020-06-09T09:51:16","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in climate and land cover affect seasonal streamflow forecasts in the Rio Grande headwaters","docAbstract":"Seasonal streamflow forecast bias, changes in climate, snowpack, and land cover, and the effects of these changes on relations between basin‐wide snowpack, SNOw TELemetry (SNOTEL) station snowpack, and seasonal streamflow were evaluated in the headwaters of the Rio Grande, Colorado. Results indicate that shifts in the seasonality of precipitation and changing climatology are consistent with periods of overprediction and underprediction in streamflow forecasts. Multiple linear regression of SNOTEL data, postcedent precipitation, and land‐cover changes explained 2%–18% more variability in streamflow prediction than using SNOTEL station data alone. Simulated basin‐wide snowpack from a physically based model had significant negative trends in snow water equivalent (−4.33 mm/yr) and snow‐covered area (−0.05%/yr) during the melt period April–June. Simulated streamflow from a precipitation‐runoff model increased an average 5% when the effects of bark beetle‐induced tree mortality were compared to a baseline simulation with static vegetation. The effects of a 2013 wildfire increased simulated seasonal streamflow an average 35% for 1–4 years postfire. The combined effects of climate and land‐cover changes on snowpack‐streamflow relations highlight the difficulty in seasonal streamflow forecasting, which has important implications for water‐resource management.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/1752-1688.12863","usgsCitation":"Penn, C.A., Clow, D.W., Sexstone, G.A., and Murphy, S.F., 2020, Changes in climate and land cover affect seasonal streamflow forecasts in the Rio Grande headwaters: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 56, no. 5, p. 882-902, https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.12863.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"882","endPage":"902","ipdsId":"IP-109042","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":436937,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9B08S5N","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Model input and output for hydrologic simulations in the Rio Grande Headwaters, Colorado, using the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS)"},{"id":376258,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Rio Grande","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108,\n 37.25\n ],\n [\n -106,\n 37.25\n ],\n [\n -106,\n 38.25\n ],\n [\n -108,\n 38.25\n ],\n [\n -108,\n 37.25\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"56","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-06-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Penn, Colin A. 0000-0002-5195-2744 cpenn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5195-2744","contributorId":5336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Penn","given":"Colin","email":"cpenn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clow, David W. 0000-0001-6183-4824 dwclow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6183-4824","contributorId":1671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"David","email":"dwclow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sexstone, Graham A. 0000-0001-8913-0546 sexstone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8913-0546","contributorId":5159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sexstone","given":"Graham","email":"sexstone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Murphy, Sheila F. 0000-0002-5481-3635 sfmurphy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5481-3635","contributorId":1854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"Sheila","email":"sfmurphy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70212498,"text":"70212498 - 2020 - The impact of sediment supply on the initiation and magnitude of runoff-generated debris flows","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-18T14:37:14.303197","indexId":"70212498","displayToPublicDate":"2020-06-09T09:37:07","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The impact of sediment supply on the initiation and magnitude of runoff-generated debris flows","docAbstract":"Rainfall intensity‐duration (ID) thresholds are commonly used to assess the potential for runoff‐generated debris flows, but the sensitivity of these thresholds to sediment supply, which can change rapidly with time, is relatively unexplored. Furthermore, debris flows often self‐organize into distinct surges, but the factors controlling the magnitude and frequency of these surges, including sediment supply and grain size, are poorly constrained. We use a combination of numerical modeling and debris flow monitoring data from Chalk Cliffs, Colorado, USA, to explore how sediment supply influences rainfall ID thresholds for debris flows and surge properties. Results suggest that rainfall ID thresholds only become sensitive to sediment supply below a sediment thickness threshold. Surge magnitude is a nonmonotonic function of sediment supply (i.e., channel bed sediment thickness and grain size) with the largest surges tending to form at intermediate values of sediment availability with intermediate grain sizes.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2020GL087643","usgsCitation":"Tang, H., McGuire, L.A., Kean, J.W., and Smith, J.B., 2020, The impact of sediment supply on the initiation and magnitude of runoff-generated debris flows: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 47, no. 14, e2020GL087643, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL087643.","productDescription":"e2020GL087643, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-118444","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":456464,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2020gl087643","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":377602,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Chalk Cliffs","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.31280899047852,\n 38.7080176975273\n ],\n [\n -106.17565155029297,\n 38.7080176975273\n ],\n [\n -106.17565155029297,\n 38.76613041372937\n ],\n [\n -106.31280899047852,\n 38.76613041372937\n ],\n [\n -106.31280899047852,\n 38.7080176975273\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"47","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tang, Hui","contributorId":215352,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tang","given":"Hui","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGuire, Luke A. 0000-0001-8178-7922 lmcguire@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8178-7922","contributorId":203420,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McGuire","given":"Luke","email":"lmcguire@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kean, Jason W. 0000-0003-3089-0369 jwkean@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3089-0369","contributorId":1654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kean","given":"Jason","email":"jwkean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":796589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, Joel B. 0000-0001-7219-7875 jbsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7219-7875","contributorId":4925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Joel","email":"jbsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":796590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70256216,"text":"70256216 - 2020 - Felsic melt and gas mobilisation during magma solidification: An experimental study at 1.1 kbar","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-29T14:47:14.850019","indexId":"70256216","displayToPublicDate":"2020-06-09T09:35:58","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5232,"text":"Frontiers in Earth Science","onlineIssn":"2296-6463","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Felsic melt and gas mobilisation during magma solidification: An experimental study at 1.1 kbar","docAbstract":"Melt and gas transfer processes are essential to the formation and growth of the Earth’s crust and for sustaining volcanic activity. These processes also play a major role in magma fractionation at shallow depths (<10 km) where magmas stall rheologically and solidify. In this scenario, the conditions of melt and gas mobilization during progressive cooling of crystal mushes down to their solidus remain poorly understood. We present experimental data (at 1.1 kbar) showing how a combination of temperature and crystal content control the ability of melt and gas to escape from cooling and solidifying hydrous silicic magmas with initial crystal volume fractions (Φ) of 0.6, 0.7, and 0.8, and for temperature snapshots of 850, 800, and 750°. Microstructural observations and chemical data show that the amount of extracted melt increases by 70% from 850 to 750° and by 40% from Φ = 0.6 to 0.8 at 750°, due to the formation of interconnected crystal frameworks, gas expansion in constricted pore space, and filter pressing during cooling. As a result, our experiments suggest that melt and gas extraction from cooling mushes increases in proximity to their solidus and can operate efficiently at 0.6 < Φ <0.93. These observations shed light on maximum estimates of the segregation of gas-rich, crystal-poor magmas (0.02 m/year at 850° to 9 m/year at 750°) to form felsic dykes or eruptible systems feeding volcanoes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers Media","doi":"10.3389/feart.2020.00175","usgsCitation":"Pistone, M., Baumgartner, L., Begue, F., Jarvis, P., Bloch, E., Robyr, M., Muntener, O., Sisson, T.W., and Blundy, J.D., 2020, Felsic melt and gas mobilisation during magma solidification: An experimental study at 1.1 kbar: Frontiers in Earth Science, v. 8, 175, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.00175.","productDescription":"175, 18 p.","ipdsId":"IP-118636","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":456467,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.00175","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":431562,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-06-10","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pistone, Mattia","contributorId":340416,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pistone","given":"Mattia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12697,"text":"University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baumgartner, Lukas","contributorId":340419,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baumgartner","given":"Lukas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35541,"text":"University of Lausanne","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Begue, Florence","contributorId":340422,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Begue","given":"Florence","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35541,"text":"University of Lausanne","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jarvis, Paul A.","contributorId":340425,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jarvis","given":"Paul A.","affiliations":[{"id":25472,"text":"University of Geneva","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bloch, Elias","contributorId":340427,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bloch","given":"Elias","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35541,"text":"University of Lausanne","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Robyr, Martin","contributorId":340457,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robyr","given":"Martin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":907178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Muntener, Othmar","contributorId":340431,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Muntener","given":"Othmar","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35541,"text":"University of Lausanne","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sisson, Thomas W. 0000-0003-3380-6425 tsisson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3380-6425","contributorId":2341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sisson","given":"Thomas","email":"tsisson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":907132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Blundy, Jon D.","contributorId":340433,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blundy","given":"Jon","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37322,"text":"University of Bristol","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70211707,"text":"70211707 - 2020 - Repeatable source, path, and site effects from the 2019 Ridgecrest M7.1 earthquake sequence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-07T13:28:29.468565","indexId":"70211707","displayToPublicDate":"2020-06-09T08:24:46","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Repeatable source, path, and site effects from the 2019 Ridgecrest M7.1 earthquake sequence","docAbstract":"We use a large instrumental dataset from the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence (Rekoske et al., 2019, 2020) to examine repeatable source‐, path‐, and site‐specific ground motions. A mixed‐effects analysis is used to partition total residuals relative to the Boore et al. (2014; hereafter, BSSA14) ground‐motion model. We calculate the Arias intensity stress drop for the earthquakes and find strong correlation with our event terms, indicating that they are consistent with source processes. We look for physically meaningful trends in the partitioned residuals and test the ability of BSSA14 to capture the behavior we observe in the data.
We find that BSSA14 is a good match to the median observations for