Tiger populations are declining globally, and depletion of major ungulate prey is an important contributing factor. To better understand factors affecting prey distribution in Thailand’s Western Forest Complex (WEFCOM), we conducted sign surveys for gaur (Bos gaurus), banteng (Bos javanicus), and sambar (Rusa unicolor) along 3517 1-km transects and used occupancy models to identify important covariates associated with habitat use by each species. Habitat use by both gaur and sambar was lowest in areas closest to human settlements, although sambar preferred lower slopes near streams whereas gaur preferred steeper slopes at higher elevations. Banteng were found in only one of 17 protected areas (Huai Kha Khaeng [HKK] Wildlife Sanctuary), where they used low elevations and low slopes. We used these modeled relationships to predict occurrence of gaur, sambar, and banteng across each square km of the 19,000 km2 WEFCOM landscape, using > 60 % occupancy probability to define suitable habitat use for each species. Based on this criterion, gaur and sambar occupied 28 and 50 % of suitable habitat in WEFCOM, and banteng occupied 57 % of suitable habitat in HKK. We used our models to assess the effectiveness of two hypothetical conservation initiatives. First, we modeled the impact of decreasing human activities around nine villages in the core of WEFCOM, which increased predicted suitable habitat in WEFCOM to 68 and 75 % for guar and sambar. We also modeled the extent of potential banteng habitat that still remains in the other 16 protected areas. This could result in a 4-fold increase in banteng suitable habitat in WEFCOM. This is the first study to use occupancy surveys to determine where large prey species can be restored to support management to increase the distribution of tigers, and potentially fill a half-full tiger landscape.
Interest in gut microbial community composition has exploded recently as a result of the increasing ability to characterize these organisms and a growing understanding of their role in host fitness. New technologies, such as next generation amplicon (16S rRNA) sequencing, have enabled identification of bacterial communities from samples of diverse origin (e.g., fecal, skin, genital, environmental, etc.). Relatively little work, however, has explored the feasibility of utilizing historical samples (e.g., museum archived samples) of varying age, quality, and preservation type. Because natural history collections span multiple decades, these biorepositories have the potential to provide fundamental historical baselines to measure and better understand biodiversity on a changing planet. Utilizing even a small proportion of museum specimens could provide a means of sampling past microbial communities, allowing for direct comparison to contemporary communities and more complete understanding of dynamic shifts through time. We examined the feasibility of obtaining 16S rRNA amplicon microbiome data from whole gastrointestinal tracts (GIs) of shrews of varying age and preservation method, including 5 freshly collected shrew GIs immediately fixed in liquid nitrogen (LN2), 10 ten-year old shrew GIs frozen at −20°C (whole animal), and 10 shrews of varying ages (4 from 1968, 1 from 1980, 1 from 2001, 1 from 2004, 1 from 2007, 1 from 2011 and 2 from 2013) fixed and stored whole in 70% ethanol. Not surprisingly, results of 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing reveal significantly different bacterial communities between different preservation techniques and age of samples. Ten-year old frozen samples had bacterial communities most similar to freshly collected (LN2) samples, while the bacterial communities of both were significantly different from the 70% ethanol preserved samples of various ages. Amongst those preserved in 70% ethanol, age of samples also influenced bacterial community composition. Additionally, we compare results of OTU based and ASV based analyses. Looking ahead, field collectors and museums should develop and adopt best practices related to frozen preservation to ensure adequate material for future microbiome investigations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers Media","doi":"10.3389/fevo.2020.555386","usgsCitation":"Greiman, S.E., Cook, J.A., Odem, T., Cranmer, K., Liphardt, S.W., Menning, D.M., Sonsthagen, S.A., and Talbot, S.L., 2020, Microbiomes from biorepositories? 16S rRNA bacterial amplicon sequencing of archived and contemporary intestinal samples of wild mammals (Eulipotyphla: Soricidae): Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, v. 8, 555386, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2020.555386.","productDescription":"555386, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-115776","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455360,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2020.555386","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":378561,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-09-10","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Greiman, Stephen E.","contributorId":190336,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Greiman","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cook, Joseph A.","contributorId":8323,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cook","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7000,"text":"Department of Biology, University of New Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Odem, Timothy","contributorId":240956,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Odem","given":"Timothy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48171,"text":"Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cranmer, Katelyn","contributorId":240957,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cranmer","given":"Katelyn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48171,"text":"Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Liphardt, Schuyler W","contributorId":240958,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liphardt","given":"Schuyler","email":"","middleInitial":"W","affiliations":[{"id":48173,"text":"Museum of Southwest Biology, University of New Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Menning, Damian M. 0000-0003-3547-3062 dmenning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3547-3062","contributorId":205131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Menning","given":"Damian","email":"dmenning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sonsthagen, Sarah A. 0000-0001-6215-5874 ssonsthagen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6215-5874","contributorId":3711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sonsthagen","given":"Sarah","email":"ssonsthagen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Talbot, Sandra L. 0000-0002-3312-7214 stalbot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3312-7214","contributorId":140512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbot","given":"Sandra","email":"stalbot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70224750,"text":"70224750 - 2020 - Seismic analysis of the 2020 Magna, Utah, earthquake sequence: Evidence for a listric Wasatch fault","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-04T12:21:18.295225","indexId":"70224750","displayToPublicDate":"2020-09-10T07:17:20","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic analysis of the 2020 Magna, Utah, earthquake sequence: Evidence for a listric Wasatch fault","docAbstract":"The 18 March 2020 Mw 5.7 Magna earthquake near Salt Lake City, Utah, offers a rare glimpse into the subsurface geometry of the Wasatch fault system—one of the world's longest active normal faults and a major source of seismic hazard in northern Utah. We analyze the Magna earthquake sequence and resolve oblique-normal slip on a shallow (30–35°) west-dipping fault at ~9- to 12-km depth. Combined with near-surface geological observations of steep dip (~70°), our results support a curved, or listric, fault shape. High-precision aftershock locations show the activation of multiple, low-angle (<30–35°) structures, indicating the existence of a complicated fault system. Our observations constrain the deep structure of the Wasatch fault system and suggest that ground shaking in the Salt Lake City region in future Wasatch fault earthquakes may be higher than previously estimated.
This Fact Sheet describes post-earthquake products and tools provided by the Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS) through the U.S. Geological Survey Earthquake Hazards Program. The focus is on products that provide situational awareness immediately after significant earthquakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20203042","usgsCitation":"Wald, L.A., 2020, Earthquake information products and tools from the Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2020–3042, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20203042.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":378221,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2020/3042/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":378222,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2020/3042/fs20203042.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.79 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2020-3042"}],"contact":"Director, Geologic Hazards Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-966
Denver, CO 80225-0046
Burbot Lota lota were illegally introduced to the Green River, Wyoming, in the mid-1990s and pose a threat to recreational fisheries and native fish conservation. Although much is known about Burbot population dynamics, little is known about their movement patterns. Our objectives were to describe the movement dynamics of Burbot in the upper Green River system to provide information on the ecology of Burbot and insight on possible management actions. In total, 875 Burbot were tagged with PIT tags in the upper Green River and Fontenelle Reservoir; their movements were tracked from August 2016 to March 2018. Additionally, 22 Burbot were tagged with radio transmitters in Fontenelle Reservoir in November 2017, and 13 Burbot were tagged with radio transmitters in the upper Green River in November 2018. Of these fish, 11 Burbot tagged in Fontenelle Reservoir and all river-tagged Burbot were tracked as they migrated into the Green River and associated tributaries during the spawning season. Upstream and downstream movements of Burbot tagged with PIT tags in Fontenelle Reservoir and the upper Green River peaked during December–January and were synchronized with river temperatures reaching 0°C. Of the total number of PIT-tagged Burbot, 10–15% of those tagged in Fontenelle Reservoir were detected in the Green River during the spawning season and 15% of those tagged in the Green River were detected moving downstream toward Fontenelle Reservoir during the spawning period. Movements of radiotelemetered Burbot were synchronized with river ice-up in mid-December. Maximum upstream distance traveled by adfluvial Burbot was 5.8 km. Fluvial Burbot primarily migrated downstream during the spawning period, and maximum downstream distance traveled was 17.7 km. Detection data suggest that both fluvial and adfluvial Burbot occupy the same reaches during the spawning period and areas near Fontenelle Reservoir are important for spawning. Results of this study will assist with the management of Burbot in this system by shedding light on Burbot movement patterns and identifying areas of high Burbot use for targeted suppression efforts. Results also contribute to our understanding of the variability in Burbot ecology.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/nafm.10480","usgsCitation":"Brauer, T., Quist, M.C., Rhea, D., Laughlin, T.W., and Waring, E., 2020, Movement dynamics of nonnative Burbot in the upper Green River system and implications for management: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 40, no. 5, p. 1161-1173, https://doi.org/10.1002/nafm.10480.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1161","endPage":"1173","ipdsId":"IP-098853","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":395711,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Fontenelle Reservoir, Green River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.40985107421875,\n 41.99113954535575\n ],\n [\n -109.64492797851562,\n 41.99113954535575\n ],\n [\n -109.64492797851562,\n 42.72280375732727\n ],\n [\n -110.40985107421875,\n 42.72280375732727\n ],\n [\n -110.40985107421875,\n 41.99113954535575\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"40","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-09-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brauer, Tucker A.","contributorId":275289,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brauer","given":"Tucker A.","affiliations":[{"id":39599,"text":"ui","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Quist, Michael C. 0000-0001-8268-1839","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8268-1839","contributorId":207142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quist","given":"Michael","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":833935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rhea, Darren T.","contributorId":275290,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rhea","given":"Darren T.","affiliations":[{"id":56757,"text":"wgfd","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Laughlin, Troy W.","contributorId":275237,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Laughlin","given":"Troy","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":54471,"text":"wyfg","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Waring, Erik","contributorId":275451,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Waring","given":"Erik","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":834079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70213048,"text":"70213048 - 2020 - Integrated borehole, radar, and seismic velocity analysis reveals dynamic spatial variations within a firn aquifer in southeast Greenland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-22T18:25:16.363054","indexId":"70213048","displayToPublicDate":"2020-09-09T12:14:28","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrated borehole, radar, and seismic velocity analysis reveals dynamic spatial variations within a firn aquifer in southeast Greenland","docAbstract":"Perennial water storage in firn aquifers has been observed within the lower percolation zone of the southeast Greenland ice sheet. Spatially distributed seismic and radar observations, made ~50 km upstream of the Helheim Glacier terminus, reveal spatial variations of seismic velocity within a firn aquifer. From 1.65 to 1.8 km elevation, shear‐wave velocity (Vs) is 1,290 ± 180 m/s in the unsaturated firn, decreasing below the water table (~15 m depth) to 1,130 ± 250 m/s. Below 1.65 km elevation, Vs in the saturated firn is 1,270 ± 220 m/s. The compressional‐to‐shear velocity ratio decreases in the downstream saturated zone, from 2.30 ± 0.54 to 2.01 ± 0.46, closer to its value for pure ice (2.00). Consistent with colocated firn cores, these results imply an increasing concentration of ice in the downstream sites, reducing the porosity and storage potential of the firn likely caused by episodic melt and freeze during the evolution of the aquifer.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2020GL089335","usgsCitation":"Killingbeck, S., Schmerr, N.C., Montgomery, L.N., Booth, A.D., Livermore, P.W., Guandique, J., Miller, O.L., Burdick, S., Forster, R.R., Koenig, L.S., Legchenko, A., Ligtenberg, S., Miege, C., Solomon, D.K., and West, L.J., 2020, Integrated borehole, radar, and seismic velocity analysis reveals dynamic spatial variations within a firn aquifer in southeast Greenland: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 47, no. 18, e2020GL089335, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL089335.","productDescription":"e2020GL089335, 10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-119458","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455364,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2020gl089335","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":382507,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Greenland","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -44.351806640625,\n 65.79827293622165\n ],\n [\n -37.562255859375,\n 65.79827293622165\n ],\n [\n -37.562255859375,\n 67.22105296735408\n ],\n [\n -44.351806640625,\n 67.22105296735408\n ],\n [\n -44.351806640625,\n 65.79827293622165\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"47","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-09-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Killingbeck, Siobhan","contributorId":239900,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Killingbeck","given":"Siobhan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13344,"text":"University of Leeds","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmerr, N. C.","contributorId":248294,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmerr","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Montgomery, L. N.","contributorId":248295,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Montgomery","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Booth, A. D.","contributorId":248296,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Booth","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Livermore, P. W.","contributorId":248297,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Livermore","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Miller, Olivia L. 0000-0002-8846-7048","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8846-7048","contributorId":219231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Olivia","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":798075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Guandique, J.","contributorId":248298,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guandique","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Burdick, S.","contributorId":248299,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burdick","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Forster, R. R.","contributorId":248300,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Forster","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Koenig, L. S.","contributorId":248301,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koenig","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Legchenko, Anatoly","contributorId":61107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Legchenko","given":"Anatoly","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Ligtenberg, S. R. M.","contributorId":248302,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ligtenberg","given":"S. R. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Miege, C.","contributorId":248303,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miege","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Solomon, D. K.","contributorId":98324,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Solomon","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"West, L. J.","contributorId":248304,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"West","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}} ,{"id":70212997,"text":"pp1842V - 2020 - The effects of management practices on grassland birds—Sedge Wren (Cistothorus stellaris)","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70212997,"text":"pp1842V - 2020 - The effects of management practices on grassland birds—Sedge Wren (Cistothorus stellaris)","indexId":"pp1842V","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"chapter":"V","displayTitle":"The Effects of Management Practices on Grassland Birds—Sedge Wren (Cistothorus stellaris)","title":"The effects of management practices on grassland birds—Sedge Wren (Cistothorus stellaris)"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70203022,"text":"pp1842 - 2019 - The effects of management practices on grassland birds","indexId":"pp1842","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"title":"The effects of management practices on grassland birds"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70203022,"text":"pp1842 - 2019 - The effects of management practices on grassland birds","indexId":"pp1842","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"title":"The effects of management practices on grassland birds"},"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-20T21:23:14.672817","indexId":"pp1842V","displayToPublicDate":"2020-09-09T10:42:32","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1842","chapter":"V","displayTitle":"The Effects of Management Practices on Grassland Birds—Sedge Wren (Cistothorus stellaris)","title":"The effects of management practices on grassland birds—Sedge Wren (Cistothorus stellaris)","docAbstract":"Keys to Sedge Wren (Cistothorus stellaris) management include providing tall, dense grasslands with moderate forb coverage and minimizing disturbances during the breeding season. Sedge Wrens have been reported to use habitats with 30–166 centimeters (cm) average vegetation height, 8–80 cm visual obstruction reading, 15–75 percent grass cover, 3–78 percent forb cover, less than or equal to (≤) 15 percent shrub cover, less than (<) 35 percent bare ground, 10–30 percent litter cover, and ≤6 cm litter depth.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1842V","usgsCitation":"Shaffer, J.A., Igl, L.D., Johnson, D.H., Sondreal, M.L., Goldade, C.M., Parkin, B.D., Wooten, T.L., and Euliss, B.R., 2020, The effects of management practices on grassland birds—Sedge Wren (Cistothorus stellaris) (ver. 1.1, July 2022), chap. V of Johnson, D.H., Igl, L.D., Shaffer, J.A., and DeLong, J.P., eds., The effects of management practices on grassland birds: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1842, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1842V.","productDescription":"iv, 21 p.","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-096507","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":403250,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1842/v/versionHist.txt","size":"1 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":378134,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1842/v/pp1842v.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.15 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"PP 1842–V"},{"id":378133,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1842/v/coverthb2.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.0: September 9, 2020; Version 1.1: July 8, 2022","contact":"Director, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
8711 37th Street Southeast
Jamestown, ND 58401
The key to Lesser Prairie-Chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) management is maintaining expansive sand shinnery oak (Quercus havardii) or sand sagebrush (Artemisia filifolia) grasslands. Within these grasslands, areas should contain short herbaceous cover for lek sites (that is, an area where male prairie-chickens gather to engage in courtship displays to attract mates); shrubs or tall residual grasses for nesting; and areas with about 25 percent canopy cover of shrubs, forbs, or grasses 25–30 centimeters (cm) tall for brood rearing. Historically, the Lesser Prairie-Chicken was considered a gamebird that was hunted throughout its range. In response to low population levels and considerations related to listing the species as State or Federally threatened, recreational hunting seasons currently are closed throughout the species’ range. This account does not address harvest or its effects on populations but instead focuses on the effects of habitat management. Lesser Prairie-Chickens have been reported to use habitats with less than or equal to (≤) 600 cm average vegetation height (including shrubs), ≤70 cm visual obstruction reading, 4–78 percent grass cover, ≤30 percent forb cover, ≤66 percent shrub cover, 3–61 percent bare ground, 2–58 percent litter cover, and ≤3 cm litter depth.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1842D","usgsCitation":"Jamison, B.E., Igl, L.D., Shaffer, J.A., Johnson, D.H., Goldade, C.M., and Euliss, B.R., 2020, The effects of management practices on grassland birds—Lesser Prairie-Chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus), chap. D of Johnson, D.H., Igl, L.D., Shaffer, J.A., and DeLong, J.P., eds., The effects of management practices on grassland birds: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1842, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1842D.","productDescription":"v, 36 p.","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-095221","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":378136,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1842/d/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":378137,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1842/d/pp1842d.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.15 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"PP 1842–D"}],"contact":"Director, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
8711 37th Street Southeast
Jamestown, ND 58401
Coastal marshes and their valuable ecosystem services are feared to be lost by sea level rise, yet the mechanisms of marsh degradation into ponds and potential recovery are poorly understood. We quantified and analyzed elevations of marsh surfaces and pond bottoms along a marsh loss gradient (Blackwater River, Maryland, USA). Our analyses show that ponds deepen with increasing tidal channel width connecting the ponds to the river, indicating a new feedback mechanism where channels lead to enhanced tidal export of pond bottom material. Pond elevations also decrease with increasing pond size, consistent with previous work identifying a positive feedback between wind wave erosion and pond size. These two positive feedbacks, combined with bimodal elevation distributions and sharp topographic boundaries between interior ponds and the marsh platform, indicate alternative elevation states and imply that marsh loss by pond formation is nearly irreversible once pond deepening exceeds a critical level.
Distant tsunamis require short-notice evacuations in coastal communities to minimize threats to life safety. Given the available time to evacuate and potential distances out of hazard zones, coastal transportation planners and emergency managers can expect large proportions of populations to evacuate using vehicles. A community-wide, short-notice, distant-tsunami evacuation is challenging because it creates a sudden, significant, and concentrated demand on road-network systems. Transportation planners and emergency managers need methods to help them determine if a road network can handle an evacuation surge and if not, where interventions can best reduce overall clearance times. We use the coastal community of Bay Farm Island (City of Alameda, California, USA) and the distant-tsunami threat posed by Aleutian-Alaskan earthquakes as a case study to explore the use of agent-based, transportation simulation to support short-notice, tsunami-evacuation planning. Results demonstrate how vehicle simulation can characterize network performance during a tsunami evacuation in the absence of real-world measurements of vehicle demand and flow. Changes in vehicle demand had the greatest influence on reductions in clearance times and recommended reductions varied based on time of day. Doubling the capacity of certain road segments based on traditional vehicle-capacity ratios and level-of-service thresholds reduced overall clearance time in some cases but increased it in other cases. The proposed simulation approach can serve as an analytical foundation for future efforts to characterize distant-tsunami evacuations in other coastal communities throughout the world.
Ontogenetic shifts represent important transitions that can influence how fish interact with their environment. However, ontogenetic shifts are rarely placed into a population context due to the difficulty of incorporating the vagaries of size-mediated interactions. As such, we evaluated the role of ontogenetic shifts in diet as they relate to potential competitive interactions between kokanee Oncorhynchus nerka and Opossum Shrimp Mysis diluviana (hereafter Mysis) in Lake Pend Oreille, Idaho. Contemporary data were used to understand diet patterns of Mysis and kokanee. Historical data were evaluated within the context of ontogenetic shifts to better understand the long-term, population-level ramifications of interactions between Mysis and kokanee. Diet analysis revealed age-specific divergences in diet whereby juvenile kokanee primarily consumed copepods and adult kokanee preferentially consumed cladocerans. When placed in a historical context, age-specific patterns in kokanee diet likely led to increases in adult growth following declines in Mysis abundance. Improved fitness of adult fish likely resulted in record high abundances of kokanee in Lake Pend Oreille thereby shifting the balance from inter- to intraspecific competition.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10750-020-04363-2","usgsCitation":"Klein, Z.B., Quist, M., Dux, A.M., and Corsi, M.P., 2020, Ontogenetic diet shifts with potential ramifications for resource competition in a kokanee – Mysis diluviana system, v. 847, p. 3951-3966, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-020-04363-2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"3951","endPage":"3966","ipdsId":"IP-107682","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":393743,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Lake Pend Oreille","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.67205810546874,\n 47.916342040161155\n ],\n [\n -116.16943359374999,\n 47.916342040161155\n ],\n [\n -116.16943359374999,\n 48.35442390123028\n ],\n [\n -116.67205810546874,\n 48.35442390123028\n ],\n [\n -116.67205810546874,\n 47.916342040161155\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"847","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-09-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klein, Zachary B.","contributorId":171709,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Klein","given":"Zachary","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":829807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Quist, Michael C. 0000-0001-8268-1839","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8268-1839","contributorId":270713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quist","given":"Michael C.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":829806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dux, Andrew M.","contributorId":175256,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dux","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":829808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Corsi, Matthew P.","contributorId":212797,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Corsi","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":36224,"text":"Idaho Department of Fish and Game","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":829809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70213132,"text":"70213132 - 2020 - Influenza A viruses remain infectious for more than seven months in northern wetlands of North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-10T14:26:32.153618","indexId":"70213132","displayToPublicDate":"2020-09-09T09:21:24","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3174,"text":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influenza A viruses remain infectious for more than seven months in northern wetlands of North America","docAbstract":"In this investigation, we used a combination of field- and laboratory-based approaches to assess if influenza A viruses (IAVs) shed by ducks could remain viable for extended periods in surface water within three wetland complexes of North America. In a field experiment, replicate filtered surface water samples inoculated with duck swabs were tested for IAVs upon collection and again after an overwintering period of approximately 6–7 months. Numerous IAVs were molecularly detected and isolated from these samples, including replicates maintained at wetland field sites in Alaska and Minnesota for 181–229 days. In a parallel laboratory experiment, we attempted to culture IAVs from filtered surface water samples inoculated with duck swabs from Minnesota each month during September 2018–April 2019 and found monthly declines in viral viability. In an experimental challenge study, we found that IAVs maintained in filtered surface water within wetlands of Alaska and Minnesota for 214 and 226 days, respectively, were infectious in a mallard model. Collectively, our results support surface waters of northern wetlands as a biologically important medium in which IAVs may be both transmitted and maintained, potentially serving as an environmental reservoir for infectious IAVs during the overwintering period of migratory birds.
We present results from 30 quantitative degassing experiments of pressure core sections collected during The University of Texas-Gulf of Mexico 2-1 (UT-GOM2-1) Hydrate Pressure Coring Expedition at Green Canyon Block 955 in the deep-water Gulf of Mexico as part of The University of Texas at Austin–US Department of Energy Deepwater Methane Hydrate Characterization and Scientific Assessment. The hydrate saturation (Sh), the volume fraction of the pore space occupied by hydrate, is 79% to 93% within sandy silt beds (centimeters to meters in thickness) between 413 and 442 m below seafloor in 2032 m water depth. Sandy silt intervals are characterized by high compressional wave velocity (Vp) (2515–3012 m s−1) and are interbedded with clayey silt sections that have lower Sh (2%–35%) and lower Vp (1684–2023 m s−1). Clayey silt intervals are composed of thin laminae of silts with high Sh within clay-rich intervals containing little to no hydrate. Degassing of single-lithofacies sections reveals higher-resolution variation in Sh than is possible to observe in well logs; however, the average Sh of 64% through the reservoir is similar to well log estimates. Gas recovered from the hydrates during these experiments is composed almost entirely of methane (99.99% CH4, <100 ppm C2H6 on average), with an isotopic composition (δ13C: −60.4‰ and −63.6‰ Vienna Peedee belemnite and δ2H: −178.2‰ and −179.0‰ Vienna standard mean ocean water) that suggests the methane is primarily from a microbial source. A subset of six degassing experiments performed using very small pressure decrements indicates that the salinity within these samples is close to the average seawater concentration, suggesting that hydrate either formed slowly or formed during a rapid event at least tens of thousands of years before present.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG) Bulletin","doi":"10.1306/01062018280","usgsCitation":"Philips, S., Flemings, P., Holland, M., Schultheiss, P., Waite, W., Jang, J., Petrou, E., and Hammon, H., 2020, High concentration methane hydrate in a silt reservoir from the deep-water Gulf of Mexico: AAPG Bulletin, v. 104, no. 9, p. 1971-1995, https://doi.org/10.1306/01062018280.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"1971","endPage":"1995","ipdsId":"IP-104475","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":378271,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas, Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.1201171875,\n 30.183121842195515\n ],\n [\n -95.361328125,\n 29.84064389983441\n ],\n [\n -95.185546875,\n 29.267232865200878\n ],\n [\n -91.5380859375,\n 29.305561325527698\n ],\n [\n -93.1201171875,\n 30.183121842195515\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"104","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Philips, Stephen","contributorId":239916,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Philips","given":"Stephen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48044,"text":"Institute for Geophysics, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flemings, Peter","contributorId":198205,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Flemings","given":"Peter","affiliations":[{"id":13127,"text":"Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas, Austin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holland, Melanie","contributorId":239904,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holland","given":"Melanie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48040,"text":"Geotek Ltd","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schultheiss, Peter","contributorId":239913,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schultheiss","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48040,"text":"Geotek Ltd","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Waite, William F. 0000-0002-9436-4109 wwaite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9436-4109","contributorId":625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"William F.","email":"wwaite@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":798132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jang, Junbong 0000-0001-5500-7558 jjang@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5500-7558","contributorId":189400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jang","given":"Junbong","email":"jjang@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":798133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Petrou, Ethan","contributorId":239909,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petrou","given":"Ethan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48038,"text":"Institute for Geophysics and Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hammon, Helen","contributorId":239917,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hammon","given":"Helen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48044,"text":"Institute for Geophysics, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70213072,"text":"70213072 - 2020 - Pressure coring a Gulf of Mexico deep-water turbidite gas hydrate reservoir: Initial results from The University of Texas–Gulf of Mexico 2-1 (UT-GOM2-1) Hydrate Pressure Coring Expedition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-09T12:59:51.010478","indexId":"70213072","displayToPublicDate":"2020-09-09T07:49:08","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":605,"text":"AAPG Bulletin","printIssn":"0149-1423","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pressure coring a Gulf of Mexico deep-water turbidite gas hydrate reservoir: Initial results from The University of Texas–Gulf of Mexico 2-1 (UT-GOM2-1) Hydrate Pressure Coring Expedition","docAbstract":"The University of Texas Hydrate Pressure Coring Expedition (UT-GOM2-1) recovered cores at near in situ formation pressures from a gas hydrate reservoir composed of sandy silt and clayey silt beds in Green Canyon Block 955 in the deep-water Gulf of Mexico. The expedition results are synthesized and linked to other detailed analyses presented in this volume. Millimeter- to meter-scale beds of sandy silt and clayey silt are interbedded on the levee of a turbidite channel. The hydrate saturation (the volume fraction of the pore space occupied by hydrate) in the sandy silts ranges from 79% to 93%, and there is little to no hydrate in the clayey silt. Gas from the hydrates is composed of nearly pure methane (99.99%) with less than 400 ppm of ethane or heavier hydrocarbons. The δ13C values from the methane are depleted (−60‰ to −65‰ Vienna Peedee belemnite), and it is interpreted that the gases were largely generated by primary microbial methanogenesis but that low concentrations of propane or heavier hydrocarbons record at least trace thermogenic components. The in situ pore-water salinity is very close to that of seawater. This suggests that the excess salinity generated during hydrate formation diffused away because the hydrate formed slowly or because it formed long ago. Because the sandy silt deposits have high hydrate concentration and high intrinsic permeability, they may represent a class of reservoir that can be economically developed. Results from this expedition will inform a new generation of reservoir simulation models that will illuminate how these reservoirs might be best produced.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG) Bulletin","doi":"10.1306/05212019052","usgsCitation":"Flemings, P., Phillips, S., Boswell, R., Collett, T., Cook, A., Dong, T., Frye, M., Goldberg, D., Guerin, G., Holland, M., Jang, J., Meazell, K., Morrison, J., O’Connell, J., Petrou, E., Pettigrew, T., Polito, P., Portnov, A., Santra, M., Schultheiss, P., Seol, Y., Shedd, W., Solomon, E.S., Thomas, C., Waite, W., and You, K., 2020, Pressure coring a Gulf of Mexico deep-water turbidite gas hydrate reservoir: Initial results from The University of Texas–Gulf of Mexico 2-1 (UT-GOM2-1) Hydrate Pressure Coring Expedition: AAPG Bulletin, v. 104, no. 9, p. 1847-1876, https://doi.org/10.1306/05212019052.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"1847","endPage":"1876","ipdsId":"IP-105681","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science 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Ethan","contributorId":239909,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petrou","given":"Ethan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48038,"text":"Institute for Geophysics and Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Pettigrew, Tom","contributorId":239908,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pettigrew","given":"Tom","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48042,"text":"Pettigrew Engineering","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Polito, Peter","contributorId":239910,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Polito","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48038,"text":"Institute for Geophysics and Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Portnov, Alexey","contributorId":239911,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Portnov","given":"Alexey","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48043,"text":"School of Earth Science, The Ohio State University)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Santra, Manasj","contributorId":239912,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Santra","given":"Manasj","affiliations":[{"id":48038,"text":"Institute for Geophysics and Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Schultheiss, Peter","contributorId":239913,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schultheiss","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48040,"text":"Geotek Ltd","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Seol, Yongkoo","contributorId":195139,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seol","given":"Yongkoo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":798122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Shedd, William","contributorId":197798,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shedd","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":798123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Solomon, Evan S.","contributorId":196046,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Solomon","given":"Evan","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":798124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Thomas, Carla","contributorId":239914,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomas","given":"Carla","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48038,"text":"Institute for Geophysics and Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Waite, William F. 0000-0002-9436-4109 wwaite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9436-4109","contributorId":625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"William F.","email":"wwaite@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":798126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"You, Kehua","contributorId":239915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"You","given":"Kehua","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48038,"text":"Institute for Geophysics and Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26}]}} ,{"id":70215088,"text":"70215088 - 2020 - Littoral sediment from rivers: Patterns, rates and processes of river mouth morphodynamics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-07T13:05:30.552744","indexId":"70215088","displayToPublicDate":"2020-09-09T07:46:31","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5232,"text":"Frontiers in Earth Science","onlineIssn":"2296-6463","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Littoral sediment from rivers: Patterns, rates and processes of river mouth morphodynamics","docAbstract":"Rivers provide important sediment inputs to many littoral cells, thereby replenishing sand and gravel of beaches around the world. However, there is limited information about the patterns and processes of littoral-grade sediment transfer from rivers into coastal systems. Here I address these information gaps by examining topographic and bathymetric data of river mouths and constructing sediment budgets to characterize time-dependent patterns of onshore, offshore, and alongshore transport. Two river deltas, which differ in their morphology, were used in this study: the Elwha River, Washington, which builds a mixed sediment Gilbert-style delta, and the Santa Clara River, California, which builds a cross-shore dispersed sand delta from hyperpycnal flows. During and after sediment discharge events, both systems exhibited a similar evolution composed of three phases: (i) submarine delta growth during offshore transport of river sediment, (ii) onshore-dominated transport from the submarine delta to a subaerial river mouth berm, and (iii) longshore-dominated transport away from the river mouth following subaerial berm development. Although stage (ii) occurred within days to weeks for the systems studied and was associated with the greatest rates of net erosion and deposition, onshore transport of sediment from submarine deposit to the beach persisted for years following the river discharge event. These morphodynamics were similar to simple equilibrium profile concepts that were modified with an onshore-dominated cross-shore transport rule. Additionally, both study sites revealed that littoral-grade sediment was initially exported to depths beyond the active littoral cell (i.e., below the depth of closure) during the stage (i). Following several years of reworking by coastal processes, bathymetric surveys suggested that 14 and 46% of the original volume of littoral-grade sediment discharged by the Santa Clara and Elwha Rivers, respectively, continued to be below the depth of closure. Combined, this suggests that integration of river sediment into a littoral cell can be a multi-year process and that the full volume of littoral-grade sediment discharged by small rivers may not be integrated into littoral cells because of sand and gravel “losses” to the continental shelf.
The Glen Canyon Group Aquifer (GCGA) is the sole source of public water supply for the city of Moab, Utah, a domestic and international tourist destination. Population and tourism growth are likely to target the GCGA for future water resources, but our analysis indicates that additional withdrawals would likely be sourced from groundwater storage and not be sustained by recharge. A quantitative estimate of groundwater discharge from the GCGA is problematic because the downgradient aquifer boundary is the Colorado River, and groundwater discharge to the river is very small compared to the river flow. A water budget based on a conceptual model of GCGA discharging into an adjacent alluvial Valley-Fill Aquifer (VFA) was reported by Sumsion (1971) and numerous subsequent studies have repeated and utilized this water budget. The GCGA contains stable isotopes, tritium, 3He/4He ratios, dissolved solids, and sulfate concentrations that contrast with the VFA, indicating it is instead recharged by local streams rather than from the GCGA. Water-budget calculations, based on: (1) measured spring discharge and streamflow gains, (2) horizontal gradients in VFA groundwater age, and (3) GCGA outcrop area vadose-zone pore waters are all less than previously thought. Using a lumped parameter model and 14C groundwater ages, we estimate recharge to the deeper GCGA (DGCGA) to be 4.2 ± 2.3 × 106 m3/yr, which is approximately equal to the measured discharge from wells and springs.
The introductions of nonnative species can cause great change in the trophic dynamics of native species. Giant Gartersnakes, endemic predators in the Central Valley of California, are listed as threatened because of the conversion of their once vast wetland habitat to agriculture. Further contributing to this snake's changing ecology is the introduction of many nonnative prey species, resulting in a diet that is almost completely composed of nonnative species. In order to determine whether these snakes actively select their prey or simply consume what is abundant, we examined prey selection by adult Giant Gartersnakes in the context of what prey was available to each individual. Giant Gartersnakes selected a native anuran over nonnative anuran and fish species despite these nonnatives dominating the available species composition. These results contribute to understanding the mechanisms underlying Giant Gartersnake diets in the contemporary landscape and can lead to improved management of prey communities for Giant Gartersnakes and other native predators.
The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Village of East Hampton, New York, conducted a 1-year study from August 2017 to August 2018 to provide data necessary to improve understanding of the sources of nutrients and pathogens to Hook Pond watershed to allow for possible mitigation or reduction of loads. Chronic eutrophication and recent concern over harmful cyanobacteria in Hook Pond are the result of past and present land uses and a changing climate that have prompted the Village of East Hampton and local businesses to study and remediate factors contributing to the persistent loading of nutrients, organic contaminants, and pathogens. This assessment of Hook Pond, Hook Pond Dreen, and shallow groundwater provides the most comprehensive set of water-quality data to date. Interpretations presented in this study and the data on which they are based can be used to support management decisions, inform and contribute to modeling, and serve as a baseline for future assessments.
Results from continuous monitoring of water temperature, specific conductance, and elevation at Hook Pond site 10 (Maidstone Club golf cart bridge), as well as ancillary weather and tidal data from nearby stations, were used to help explain seasonal and storm-related concentration variation of nitrogen, phosphorus, wastewater-indicator compounds, and pathogens. Data collected were also compared to existing historical data. Physicochemical constituents measured on a routine basis throughout the pond and along the tributary showed the spatial variability in water temperature, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, and chlorophyll a and phycocyanin fluorescence. A lakebed survey was compiled based on the year-round sampling throughout the pond for future comparisons. Water-quality data from shallow groundwater at points around Hook Pond and adjacent to Hook Pond Dreen were interpreted and quantified to estimate relative contributions and species of nutrients, wastewater-indicator compounds, and microbial source tracking (MST) markers to base flow. To supplement the continuous water-surface elevation data, a single set of discharge measurements was collected under normal (nonstorm) conditions to better understand the relative contributions and dilution of surface waters by contaminated groundwater.
The nutrient and physicochemical data from this study can be used in conjunction with current and future models and decision support tools to guide planned and ongoing restoration efforts, such as dredging to reduce sediment accumulation, opening a pathway to the ocean (which would change the salinity and flow dynamics of the pond and adjacent groundwater), and addressing growing concerns over cyanobacterial blooms, while serving as a baseline for measuring changes resulting from sea-level rise, climate change, and changes in nutrient loading. The microbial source tracking and indicator bacteria results can help direct efforts to reduce runoff and direct contributions of fecal contamination from dogs and waterfowl along Hook Pond Dreen. The results can also be used to assess the current state of wastewater infrastructure surrounding and contributing to Hook Pond Dreen, based on detection of human markers throughout the year and with both Bacteroides and coliphage methods.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20205071","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Village of East Hampton","usgsCitation":"Fisher, S.C., McCarthy, B.A., Kephart, C.M., and Griffin, D.W., 2020, Assessment of water quality and fecal contamination sources at Hook Pond, East Hampton, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2020–5071, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20205071.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 58 p.; Dataset","numberOfPages":"58","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-103528","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":378179,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5071/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":378180,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5071/sir20205071.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.74 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2020-5071"},{"id":378181,"rank":3,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"linkHelpText":"- U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System database"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Hook Pond","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.20489501953125,\n 40.94360177170972\n ],\n [\n -72.17124938964844,\n 40.94360177170972\n ],\n [\n -72.17124938964844,\n 40.95656702665609\n ],\n [\n -72.20489501953125,\n 40.95656702665609\n ],\n [\n -72.20489501953125,\n 40.94360177170972\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Road
Troy, NY 12180–8349
Groundwater provides nearly half of the Nation’s drinking water. As the Nation’s population grows, the importance of (and need for) high-quality drinking-water supplies increases. As part of a national-scale effort to assess groundwater quality in principal aquifers (PAs) that supply most of the groundwater used for public supply, the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Project staff sampled six principal aquifers in the western United States between 2013 and 2017: (1) the Basin and Range carbonate-rock aquifers, (2) Basin and Range basin-fill aquifers, (3) Rio Grande aquifer system, (4) High Plains aquifer, (5) Colorado Plateaus aquifers, and (6) Columbia Plateau basaltic-rock aquifers. These six PAs supply a large part of the Nation’s drinking water and cover a large geographic extent of the western conterminous United States. Groundwater samples were analyzed for a large suite of water-quality constituents including major ions, nutrients, trace elements, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), pesticide compounds, radioactive constituents, age tracers, and, in selected PAs, perchlorate. Two types of assessments were made: (1) a status assessment that describes the quality of the groundwater resource at time of collection and (2) an understanding assessment that evaluates relations between groundwater quality and potential explanatory factors that represent characteristics of the aquifer system. The assessments characterize untreated groundwater quality, which might be different than the quality of drinking water delivered to consumers. The assessments are based on water-quality data collected from 352 wells and 6 springs using an equal-area grid sampling design. This sampling approach allows for the estimation of the proportion of high, moderate, or low concentrations relative to federal water-quality benchmarks of selected constituents in the area of each PA. Results were compared to established benchmarks for drinking-water quality to provide context for evaluating the quality of untreated groundwater: Federal regulatory benchmarks for protecting human health, non-regulatory human-health benchmarks, and non-regulatory benchmarks for nuisance chemicals. Not all constituents that were analyzed have benchmarks and thus were not considered for assessments. Concentrations are characterized as high if they are greater than their benchmark. Concentrations are considered moderate if they are greater than one-half their benchmark (for inorganic constituents), or greater than one-tenth their benchmark (for organic constituents). Concentrations are considered low if they are less than moderate or the constituent was not detected.
Status assessment results indicated that inorganic constituents more commonly occurred at high and moderate concentrations in the six PAs than organic constituents, and organic constituents predominately occurred at low concentrations. Inorganic constituents that exceeded health-based benchmarks (high concentrations) were present in all six PAs; aquifer-scale proportion were 30 percent in the Rio Grande aquifer system, 22 percent in the Basin and Range basin-fill aquifers, 20 percent in the Basin and Range carbonate-rock aquifers, 19 percent in the High Plains aquifer, 16 percent in the Colorado Plateaus aquifers, and 8 percent in the Columbia Plateau basaltic-rock aquifers. Arsenic, fluoride, manganese, and total dissolved solids were the constituents most commonly present at high concentrations. Organic constituents with human-health benchmarks (pesticide compounds and VOCs) did not occur at high concentrations and moderate concentrations were infrequent; aquifer-scale proportions ranged from 0 to 5 percent. Detections of organic compounds at low concentrations, however, occurred in all six PAs, with detection frequencies ranging from 10 to 26 percent for pesticide compounds and from 10 to 46 percent for VOCs. Specific organic constituents with detection frequencies greater than 10 percent were four herbicides (atrazine, didealkylatrazine, bromoform, and propazine), one insecticide (propoxur), and two VOCs (the trihalomethanes chloroform and bromodichloromethane). Where collected—in the Rio Grande aquifer system and High Plains aquifer—perchlorate did not occur at high concentrations; moderate aquifer-scale proportions were 3 and 11 percent, respectively.
The understanding assessment included statistical tests to evaluate relations between constituent concentrations and potential explanatory factors to identify natural and human factors that affect groundwater quality. Potential explanatory factors included depth to bottom of well perforation, groundwater age category, land use, aquifer lithology, hydrologic conditions, and geochemical conditions. Higher concentrations of trace elements, radioactive constituents, and constituents with non-health-based benchmarks generally were associated with unconsolidated sand and gravel aquifer lithologies, premodern groundwater age, greater aridity, and more alkaline pH. Organic constituents with detection frequencies greater than 10 percent generally were associated with urban land use, shallower well depths, and higher total dissolved solids concentrations. The results for the six western PAs provide important insights into the quality of groundwater that is used for drinking water in the western United States, as well as natural and human factors that affect groundwater quality in this region.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20205078","collaboration":"National Water Quality Program","usgsCitation":"Rosecrans, C.Z., and Musgrove, M., 2020, Water Quality of groundwater used for public supply in principal aquifers of the western United States: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2020–5078, 142 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20205078.","productDescription":"Report: x, 142 p.; 5 Data Releases","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-097925","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":378206,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5078/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":378207,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5078/sir20205078.pdf","text":"Report","size":"29.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2020-5078"},{"id":378208,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7HQ3X18","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Groundwater quality data from the National Water Quality Assessment Project, May 2012 through December 2013"},{"id":378209,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7W0942N","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Datasets from groundwater-quality data from the National Water-Quality Assessment Project, January through December 2014 and select quality-control data from May 2012 through December 2014"},{"id":378210,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7XK8DHK","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Datasets from groundwater-quality and select quality-control data from the National Water-Quality Assessment Project, January through December 2015 and previously unpublished data from 2013 to 2014"},{"id":378211,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9W4RR74","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Datasets from groundwater-quality and select quality-control data from the National Water-Quality Assessment Project, January through December 2016, and previously unpublished data from 2013 to 2015"},{"id":378212,"rank":7,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P916H748","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Data for groundwater-quality and select quality-control data for the Colorado Plateaus Principal Aquifer"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Washington, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -126.2548828125,\n 27.605670826465445\n ],\n [\n -96.0205078125,\n 27.605670826465445\n ],\n [\n -96.0205078125,\n 49.296471602658066\n ],\n [\n -126.2548828125,\n 49.296471602658066\n ],\n [\n -126.2548828125,\n 27.605670826465445\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, California Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6000 J Street, Placer Hall
Sacramento, California 95819
Rocky reefs provide important spawning and refuge habitats for lithophilic spawning fishes. However, many reefs have been lost or severely degraded through anthropogenic effects like dredging, channelization, or sedimentation. Constructed reefs have been used to mitigate these effects in some systems, but these reefs are also subject to degradation which may warrant custodial maintenance. Monitoring and maintenance of natural or constructed spawning reefs are not common practices; therefore, few methodologies have been created to test the effectiveness of such tools. We conducted a literature review to assess available information on maintenance of rocky spawning habitats used by lithophilic fishes. We identified 54 rocky spawning habitat maintenance projects, most of which aimed to improve fish spawning habitats through the addition of spawning substrate (n = 33) or cleaning of substrate (n = 23). In comparison to shallow riverine studies focused on salmonids, we found little information on deep-water reefs, marine reefs, or other fish species. We discuss the possible application of potential spawning habitat cleaning methods from other disciplines (e.g., treasure hunting; archeology) that may provide effective means of reef maintenance that can be used by restoration practitioners.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/w12092501","usgsCitation":"Baetz, A., Tucker, T., DeBruyne, R., Gatch, A., Hook, T., Fischer, J., and Roseman, E., 2020, Review of methods to repair and maintain lithophilic fish spawning habitat: Water, v. 12, 2501, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/w12092501.","productDescription":"2501, 37 p.","ipdsId":"IP-121247","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455380,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w12092501","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":378359,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-09-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baetz, Audrey 0000-0003-4474-5656","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4474-5656","contributorId":240597,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baetz","given":"Audrey","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48110,"text":"Nichols State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tucker, Taaja 0000-0003-1534-4677","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1534-4677","contributorId":217908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tucker","given":"Taaja","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":798527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeBruyne, Robin 0000-0002-9232-7937","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9232-7937","contributorId":240598,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeBruyne","given":"Robin","affiliations":[{"id":48111,"text":"Univ. Toledo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gatch, Alex","contributorId":222574,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gatch","given":"Alex","affiliations":[{"id":13186,"text":"Purdue University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hook, T.","contributorId":222576,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hook","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13186,"text":"Purdue University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fischer, J. 0000-0001-7226-6500","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7226-6500","contributorId":240599,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fischer","given":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Roseman, Edward F. 0000-0002-5315-9838","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5315-9838","contributorId":217909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roseman","given":"Edward F.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":798532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70213186,"text":"70213186 - 2020 - Climate change Is likely to alter future wolf - moose - forest interactions at Isle Royale National Park, United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-14T14:26:34.285054","indexId":"70213186","displayToPublicDate":"2020-09-08T09:17:52","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3910,"text":"Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution","onlineIssn":"2296-701X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate change Is likely to alter future wolf - moose - forest interactions at Isle Royale National Park, United States","docAbstract":"We evaluated how climate change and variable rates of moose browsing intensity, as they relate to wolf predation, might affect the forests of Isle Royale National Park, Michigan, United States by conducting a modeling experiment. The experiment consisted of contrasting three different scenarios of wolf management and with a static (current conditions) and changing climate (high emissions). Our results indicate that the interactive effects of wolf predation and climate change are likely to be temporally variable and dependent on biogeographic and forest successional processes. During the first 50 years of 120-year simulations, when the effects of climate change were less impactful, higher simulated rates of predation by wolves reduced moose population densities, resulting in greater forest biomass and higher carrying capacities for moose. However, over the longer term, early successional and highly palatable aspen and birch forests transitioned to late successional spruce and fir forests, regardless of climate or predation intensity. After 50 years, the effects of climate change and predation were driven by effects on balsam fir, a late successional conifer species that is fed on by moose. High-intensity predation of moose allowed balsam fir to persist over the long term but only under the static climate scenario. The climate change scenario caused a reduction in balsam fir and the other boreal species that moose currently feed on, and the few temperate species found on this isolated island were unable to compensate for such reductions, causing strong declines in total forest biomass. The direct effects of moose population management via reintroduction of wolves may become increasingly ineffective as the climate continues to warm because the productivity of boreal plant species may not be sufficient to support a moose population, and the isolation of the island from mainland temperate tree species may reduce the likelihood of compensatory species migrations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","doi":"10.3389/fevo.2020.543915","usgsCitation":"De Jager, N.R., Rohweder, J.J., and Duveneck, M.J., 2020, Climate change Is likely to alter future wolf - moose - forest interactions at Isle Royale National Park, United States: Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, v. 8, 543915, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2020.543915.","productDescription":"543915, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-115964","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455383,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2020.543915","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436795,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P98DKUIP","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Initial Forest Communities of Isle Royale National Park"},{"id":378356,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Isle Royale","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.40423583984375,\n 48.20087966673985\n ],\n [\n -88.69674682617188,\n 48.14134883691423\n ],\n [\n -89.29275512695312,\n 47.89148526708789\n ],\n [\n -89.23782348632812,\n 47.82883013320963\n ],\n [\n -89.14718627929686,\n 47.8094654494779\n ],\n [\n -88.88076782226562,\n 47.89332691887659\n ],\n [\n -88.57589721679688,\n 48.04779189160941\n ],\n [\n -88.40423583984375,\n 48.20087966673985\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-09-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"De Jager, Nathan R. 0000-0002-6649-4125 ndejager@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6649-4125","contributorId":3717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Jager","given":"Nathan","email":"ndejager@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":798538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rohweder, Jason J. 0000-0001-5131-9773 jrohweder@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5131-9773","contributorId":150539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rohweder","given":"Jason","email":"jrohweder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":798539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Duveneck, Matthew J.","contributorId":236949,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duveneck","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":798540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70213156,"text":"70213156 - 2020 - High sensitivity of Bering Sea winter sea ice to winter insolation and carbon dioxide over the last 5,500 years","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-10T13:54:38.636158","indexId":"70213156","displayToPublicDate":"2020-09-08T08:51:05","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5010,"text":"Science Advances","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High sensitivity of Bering Sea winter sea ice to winter insolation and carbon dioxide over the last 5,500 years","docAbstract":"Anomalously low winter sea ice extent and early retreat in CE 2018 and 2019 challenge previous notions that winter sea ice in the Bering Sea has been stable over the instrumental record, although long-term records remain limited. Here, we use a record of peat cellulose oxygen isotopes from St. Matthew Island along with isotope-enabled general circulation model (IsoGSM) simulations to generate a 5500-year record of Bering Sea winter sea ice extent. Results show that over the last 5500 years, sea ice in the Bering Sea decreased in response to increasing winter insolation and atmospheric CO2, suggesting that the North Pacific is highly sensitive to small changes in radiative forcing. We find that CE 2018 sea ice conditions were the lowest of the last 5500 years, and results suggest that sea ice loss may lag changes in CO2 concentrations by several decades.
Globally, peatlands play an important role in the carbon (C) cycle. High water level is a key factor in maintaining C storage in peatlands, but water levels are vulnerable to climate change and anthropogenic disturbance. This review examines literature related to the effects of water level alteration on C cycling in peatlands to summarize new ideas and uncertainties emerging in this field. Peatland ecosystems maintain their function by altering plant community structure to adapt to changing water levels. Regarding primary production, woody plants are more productive in unflooded, well-aerated conditions, while Sphagnum mosses are more productive in wetter conditions. The responses of sedges to water level alteration are species-specific. While peat decomposition is faster in unflooded, well aerated conditions, increased plant production may counteract the C loss induced by increased ecosystem respiration (ER) for a period of time. In contrast, rising water table maintains anaerobic conditions and enhances the role of the peatland as a C sink. Nevertheless, changes in DOC flux during water level fluctuation is complicated and depends on the interactions of flooding with environment. Notably, vegetation also plays a role in C flux but particular species vary in their ability to sequester and transport C. Bog ecosystems have a greater resilience to water level alteration than fens, due to differences in biogeochemical responses to hydrology. The full understanding of the role of peatlands in global C cycling deserves much more study due to uncertainties of vegetation feedbacks, peat–water interactions, microbial mediation of vegetation, wildfire, and functional responses after hydrologic restoration.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/20964129.2020.1806113","usgsCitation":"Zhong, Y., Ming, J., and Middleton, B., 2020, Effects of water level alteration on carbon cycling in peatlands: Ecosystem Health and Sustainability, v. 6, no. 1, 1806113, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.1080/20964129.2020.1806113.","productDescription":"1806113, 29 p.","ipdsId":"IP-109966","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455385,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20964129.2020.1806113","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":378449,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-09-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhong, Yehui","contributorId":240734,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhong","given":"Yehui","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48133,"text":"Chinese Academy of Science (Beijing University)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ming, Jiang","contributorId":240735,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ming","given":"Jiang","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48136,"text":"Chinese Academy of Science","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Middleton, Beth 0000-0002-1220-2326","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1220-2326","contributorId":206609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middleton","given":"Beth","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":798868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70215572,"text":"70215572 - 2020 - Endocrine disrupting activities and geochemistry of water resources associated with unconventional oil and gas activity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-23T13:24:36.594397","indexId":"70215572","displayToPublicDate":"2020-09-08T08:20:13","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Endocrine disrupting activities and geochemistry of water resources associated with unconventional oil and gas activity","docAbstract":"The rise of hydraulic fracturing and unconventional oil and gas (UOG) exploration in the United States has increased public concerns for water contamination induced from hydraulic fracturing fluids and associated wastewater spills. Herein, we collected surface and groundwater samples across Garfield County, Colorado, a drilling-dense region, and measured endocrine bioactivities, geochemical tracers of UOG wastewater, UOG-related organic contaminants in surface water, and evaluated UOG drilling production (weighted well scores, nearby well count, reported spills) surrounding sites. Elevated antagonist activities for the estrogen, androgen, progesterone, and glucocorticoid receptors were detected in surface water and associated with nearby shale gas well counts and density. The elevated endocrine activities were observed in surface water associated with medium and high UOG production (weighted UOG well score-based groups). These bioactivities were generally not associated with reported spills nearby, and often did not exhibit geochemical profiles associated with UOG wastewater from this region. Our results suggest the potential for releases of low-saline hydraulic fracturing fluids or chemicals used in other aspects of UOG production, similar to the chemistry of the local water, and dissimilar from defined spills of post-injection wastewater. Notably, water collected from certain medium and high UOG production sites exhibited bioactivities well above the levels known to impact the health of aquatic organisms, suggesting that further research to assess potential endocrine activities of UOG operations is warranted.
Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) rely on annual sea ice as their primary habitat for hunting marine mammal prey. Given their long lifespan, wide geographic distribution, and position at the top of the Arctic marine food web, the diet composition of polar bears can provide insights into temporal and spatial ecosystem dynamics related to climate-mediated sea ice loss. Polar bears with the greatest ecological constraints on diet composition may be most vulnerable to climate-related changes in ice conditions and prey availability. We used quantitative fatty acid signature analysis (QFASA) to estimate the diets of polar bears (n = 419) in two western Canadian Arctic subpopulations (Northern Beaufort Sea and Southern Beaufort Sea) from 1999 to 2015. Polar bear diets were dominated by ringed seal (Pusa hispida), with interannual, seasonal, age- and sex-specific variation. Foraging area and sea ice conditions also affected polar bear diet composition. Most variation in bear diet was explained by longitude, reflecting spatial variation in prey availability. Sea ice conditions (extent, thickness, and seasonal duration) declined throughout the study period, and date of sea ice break-up in the preceding spring was positively correlated with female body condition and consumption of beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas), suggesting that bears foraged on beluga whales during entrapment events. Female body condition was positively correlated with ringed seal consumption, and negatively correlated with bearded seal consumption. This study provides insights into the complex relationships between declining sea ice habitat and the diet composition and foraging success of a wide-ranging apex predator.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00442-020-04747-0","usgsCitation":"Florko, K.R., Thiemann, G.W., and Bromaghin, J.F., 2020, Drivers and consequences of apex predator diet composition in the Canadian Beaufort Sea: Oecologia, v. 194, p. 51-63, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-020-04747-0.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"63","ipdsId":"IP-098462","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467277,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10315/38833","text":"External Repository"},{"id":378253,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","state":"Northwest Territories, Yukon","otherGeospatial":"Beaufort Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -140.537109375,\n 68.52823492039876\n ],\n [\n -112.67578124999999,\n 68.52823492039876\n ],\n [\n -112.67578124999999,\n 74.33110825221166\n ],\n [\n -140.537109375,\n 74.33110825221166\n ],\n [\n -140.537109375,\n 68.52823492039876\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"194","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-09-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Florko, Katie R. N.","contributorId":239941,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Florko","given":"Katie","email":"","middleInitial":"R. N.","affiliations":[{"id":48064,"text":"Department of Biology, York University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thiemann, Gregory W.","contributorId":83023,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thiemann","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":27291,"text":"York University, Toronto, ON","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bromaghin, Jeffrey F. 0000-0002-7209-9500 jbromaghin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7209-9500","contributorId":139899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bromaghin","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jbromaghin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":798176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}