The novel β-coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, may pose a threat to North American bat populations if bats are exposed to the virus through interaction with humans, if the virus can subsequently infect bats and be transmitted among them, and if the virus causes morbidity or mortality in bats. Further, if SARS-CoV-2 became established in bat populations, it could possibly serve as a source for new infection in humans, domesticated animals, or other wild animals. Wildlife management agencies in the United States are concerned about these potential risks and have begun to issue guidance regarding work that brings humans into contact with bats, but decision making is difficult because of the high degree of uncertainty about many of the relevant processes that could lead to virus transmission and establishment. The risk assessment described in this report was undertaken to provide management agencies with an understanding of the likelihood that the various steps in the causal pathways would lead to SARS-CoV-2 infection of North American bats from people. This assessment focused on the active season for bats in the temperate zone of North America (April 15 through November 15), and used Myotis lucifugus (little brown bats) as a surrogate species. At the time of this work (April 2020), no empirical data about the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on North American bats were available, so a formal process of expert judgment was used to elicit estimates of the underlying parameters. Twelve experts in bat ecology, epidemiology, virology, and wildlife disease from the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia participated in the elicitation. A Monte Carlo simulation model was used to integrate the parameter estimates elicited from the experts and to predict the likelihood of exposure and infection in bats through a series of transmission pathways, with particular attention to capturing uncertainty in the predictions.
Given the current state of knowledge as expressed by the expert panel, the results of this assessment indicate that there is a non-negligible risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from humans to bats. For example, if a research scientist were shedding SARS-CoV-2 virus while handling bats under the field protocols used in North America prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, the risk model indicates that 50 percent (uncertainty, 15–84 percent) of those bats could be exposed to virus, and 17 percent (uncertainty, 3–51 percent) could become infected. Use of personal protective equipment, especially a respirator, is expected to reduce the exposure risk. The expert panel estimated that exposure risk from research scientists could be reduced 94–96 percent (uncertainty, 86–99 percent) through proper use of appropriate N95 respirators (a type of mechanical filter worn over the nose and mouth), dedicated clothing (such as Tyvek coveralls), and gloves. Should any North American bats become infected with SARS-CoV-2, the expert panel estimated that there is an approximately 33-percent chance the virus could spread within a bat population.
This study, conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, identified several critical uncertainties that could affect the estimate of risks associated with SARS-CoV-2 entering bat populations—notably, the underlying probability that a human would be shedding virus while working with bats, the likelihood of the virus replicating in bat tissue, and the likelihood of transmission of the virus within bat populations. Ongoing empirical work during May–October 2020 may shed light on these issues. Follow-up work is needed to better understand the probability of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to bats from the general public; the manner in which the probabilities of exposure, infection, and transmission would differ during hibernation compared to the breeding season; and the likelihood of important effects, like morbidity and mortality in bats, the possibility of zoonosis from a North American bat reservoir, and effects of and on other wildlife.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20201060","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Runge, M.C., Grant, E.H.C., Coleman, J.T.H., Reichard, J.D., Gibbs, S.E.J., Cryan, P.M., Olival, K.J., Walsh, D.P., Blehert, D.S., Hopkins, M.C., and Sleeman, J.M., 2020, Assessing the risks posed by SARS-CoV-2 in and via North American bats—Decision framing and rapid risk assessment: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2020–1060, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20201060.","productDescription":"vi, 43 p.","numberOfPages":"43","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-118911","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":375248,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1060/ofr20201060.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.54 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2020-1060"},{"id":375199,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1060/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, Mexico, United States","otherGeospatial":"North America","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.1640625,\n 13.581920900545844\n ],\n [\n -84.72656249999999,\n 19.973348786110602\n ],\n [\n -75.9375,\n 27.371767300523047\n ],\n [\n -55.8984375,\n 45.336701909968134\n ],\n [\n -48.8671875,\n 45.336701909968134\n ],\n [\n -65.0390625,\n 61.77312286453146\n ],\n [\n -58.71093750000001,\n 67.47492238478702\n ],\n [\n -84.375,\n 74.1160468394894\n ],\n [\n -125.5078125,\n 75.32002523220804\n ],\n [\n -135.703125,\n 70.95969716686398\n ],\n [\n -156.4453125,\n 71.52490903732816\n ],\n [\n -167.34375,\n 68.9110048456202\n ],\n [\n -168.046875,\n 61.60639637138628\n ],\n [\n -166.2890625,\n 53.12040528310657\n ],\n [\n -146.95312499999997,\n 57.326521225217064\n ],\n [\n -138.515625,\n 56.559482483762245\n ],\n [\n -131.484375,\n 48.922499263758255\n ],\n [\n -127.96875,\n 40.17887331434696\n ],\n [\n -116.01562499999999,\n 24.84656534821976\n ],\n [\n -98.7890625,\n 13.239945499286312\n ],\n [\n -93.1640625,\n 13.581920900545844\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Eastern Ecological Science Center
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The kin structure of a species at relatively fine spatial scales impacts broad-scale patterns in genetic structure at the population level. However, kin structure rarely has been elucidated for migratory marine mammals. The Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) exhibits migratory behavior linked to seasonal patterns in sea ice dynamics. Consequently, information on the spatial genetic structure of the subspecies, including kin structure, could aid wildlife managers in designing future studies to evaluate the impacts of sea ice loss on the subspecies. We sampled 8,303 individual walruses over a 5-year period and used 114 single-nucleotide polymorphisms to examine both broad-scale patterns in genetic structure and fine-scale patterns in relatedness. We did not detect any evidence of genetic structure at broad spatial scales, with low FST values (≤ 0.001) across all pairs of putative aggregations. To evaluate kin structure at fine spatial scales, we defined a walrus group as a cluster of resting individuals that were less than one walrus body length apart. We found weak evidence of kin structure at fine spatial scales, with 3.72% of groups exhibiting mean relatedness values greater than expected by chance, and a significantly higher overall observed mean value of relatedness within groups than expected by chance. Thus, the high spatiotemporal variation in the distribution of resources in the Pacific Arctic environment likely has favored a gregarious social system in Pacific walruses, with unrelated animals forming temporary associations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/jmammal/gyaa050","usgsCitation":"Beatty, W., Lemons, P., Sethi, S., Everett, J., Lewis, C.J., Lynn, R.J., Cook, G.M., Garlich-Miller, J.L., and Wenburg, J.K., 2020, Panmixia in a sea ice-associated marine mammal: evaluating genetic structure of the Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) at multiple spatial scales: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 101, no. 3, p. 755-765, https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyaa050.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"755","endPage":"765","ipdsId":"IP-127026","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":456518,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyaa050","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":397244,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Russia, United States","otherGeospatial":"Bering Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -179.296875,\n 54.57206165565852\n ],\n [\n -155.7421875,\n 54.57206165565852\n ],\n [\n -155.7421875,\n 69.16255790810501\n ],\n [\n -179.296875,\n 69.16255790810501\n ],\n [\n -179.296875,\n 54.57206165565852\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"101","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-06-02","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beatty, William S. 0000-0003-0013-3113","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0013-3113","contributorId":288790,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beatty","given":"William S.","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lemons, Patrick R.","contributorId":288791,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lemons","given":"Patrick R.","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sethi, Suresh 0000-0002-0053-1827 ssethi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0053-1827","contributorId":191424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sethi","given":"Suresh","email":"ssethi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Everett, Jason","contributorId":288792,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Everett","given":"Jason","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lewis, Cara J.","contributorId":288794,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lewis","given":"Cara","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lynn, Robert J.","contributorId":288795,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lynn","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cook, Geoffrey M.","contributorId":288798,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cook","given":"Geoffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Garlich-Miller, Joel L.","contributorId":288799,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garlich-Miller","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wenburg, John K.","contributorId":288802,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wenburg","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70211285,"text":"70211285 - 2020 - 3-D joint geodetic and strong-motion finite fault inversion of the 2008 May 12, Wenchuan, China Earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-22T15:54:02.669243","indexId":"70211285","displayToPublicDate":"2020-06-02T10:15:09","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"3-D joint geodetic and strong-motion finite fault inversion of the 2008 May 12, Wenchuan, China Earthquake","docAbstract":"We present a source inversion of the 2008 Wenchuan, China earthquake, using strong-motion waveforms and geodetic offsets together with three-dimensional synthetic ground motions. We applied the linear multiple time window technique considering geodetic and dynamic Green's functions computed with the finite element method and the reciprocity and Strain Green’s Tensor formalism. All ground motion estimates, valid up to 1 Hz, accounted for three-dimensional effects, including the topography and the geometry of the Beichuan and Pengguan faults. Our joint inversion has a higher moment (M0) than a purely geodetic inversion and the slip distribution presents differences when compared to one-dimensional model source inversions. The moment is estimated to be M0=1.2x1021 Nm, slightly larger than other works. Our results show that considering a complex 3D structure reduces the size of large areas of 10 m slip or greater by distributing it in wider zones, with reduced slips, in the central portion of the Beichuan and the Pengguan faults. Finally, we compare our source with a relocated aftershock catalog and conclude that the 4-5 m slip contours approximately bound the absence or presence of aftershocks.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/gji/ggaa239","usgsCitation":"Ramirez-Guzman, L., and Hartzell, S.H., 2020, 3-D joint geodetic and strong-motion finite fault inversion of the 2008 May 12, Wenchuan, China Earthquake: Geophysical Journal International, v. 222, no. 2, p. 1390-1404, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggaa239.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1390","endPage":"1404","ipdsId":"IP-118508","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":376642,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China","state":"Wenchuan","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 102.8627,30.7646 ], [ 102.8627,31.7162 ], [ 103.7466,31.7162 ], [ 103.7466,30.7646 ], [ 102.8627,30.7646 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"222","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-06-02","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ramirez-Guzman, Leonardo","contributorId":175444,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ramirez-Guzman","given":"Leonardo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":793513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hartzell, Stephen H. 0000-0003-0858-9043 shartzell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0858-9043","contributorId":2594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartzell","given":"Stephen","email":"shartzell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":793514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70210353,"text":"ofr20201039 - 2020 - Dye-tracing plan for verifying the Kansas River time-of-travel model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-04T15:33:07.235685","indexId":"ofr20201039","displayToPublicDate":"2020-06-02T10:13:06","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2020-1039","displayTitle":"Dye-Tracing Plan for Verifying the Kansas River Time-of-Travel Model","title":"Dye-tracing plan for verifying the Kansas River time-of-travel model","docAbstract":"The Kansas River provides drinking water for multiple cities in northeastern Kansas and is used for recreational purposes. Thus, improving the scientific knowledge of streamflow velocities and traveltimes will greatly aid in water-treatment plans and response to critical events and threats to water supplies. Dye-tracer studies are usually done to enhance knowledge of transport characteristics, which include streamflow velocities, traveltimes, and dispersion rates, within a river system. To achieve this in the Kansas River, rhodamine water-tracing dye is planned to be injected into the Kansas River during three different flow ranges at three locations: Manhattan, Topeka, and Eudora. The primary purpose of doing a dye-tracer study in the Kansas River is to calibrate a time-of-travel model used for estimating streamflow velocities and traveltimes, which can be used by the public as well as drinking water suppliers to protect water resources and public-water supplies.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20201039","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Kansas Water Office, Kansas Department of Health and Environment, The Nature Conservancy, City of Topeka, Johnson County WaterOne, City of Manhattan, and City of Olathe","usgsCitation":"Davis, C.A., Lukasz, B.S., and May, M.R., 2020, Dye-tracing plan for verifying the Kansas River time-of-travel model: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2020–1039, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20201039.","productDescription":"iv, 10 p.","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-107718","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":375197,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1039/ofr20201039.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.58 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2020–1039"},{"id":375196,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1039/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","otherGeospatial":"Kansas River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.1630859375,\n 38.53097889440024\n ],\n [\n -94.4384765625,\n 38.53097889440024\n ],\n [\n -94.4384765625,\n 39.926588421909436\n ],\n [\n -97.1630859375,\n 39.926588421909436\n ],\n [\n -97.1630859375,\n 38.53097889440024\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Kansas Water Science Center
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The catastrophic explosion of Mount Lamington volcano, Papua New Guinea on January 21, 1951 produced a devastating pyroclastic density current (PDC) that knocked down dense tropical rainforest over an area of 230 km2 and killed approximately 3000 people. We present results of a field reinvestigation of the 1951 PDC deposit combined with an analysis of the available photographs and eyewitness accounts of the eruption first published in the fundamental work of G. A. M. Taylor (1958).
We have concluded that the six-days-long pre-climactic activity before the 1951 eruption (which included felt local seismicity, frequent ash-laden explosions of vulcanian type, bulging of the volcano slope accompanied with landslides) was associated with shallow-level intrusion of a highly viscous magma body (cryptodome/dome) of andesitic composition with a volume of approximately 0.01 km3. This intrusion destabilized Mount Lamington's prehistoric intra-crater lava dome.
On January 21 the destabilized dome gravitationally collapsed and produced a relatively small-volume debris avalanche, the deposit of which was not recognized during Taylor's original investigation. The debris avalanche had a volume of approximately 0.02–0.04 km3, travelled a distance (L) of 8.5 km and had the ratio of vertical drop (H) to runout (L) of 0.14. The edifice collapse decompressed the intruding cryptodome and triggered its explosive fragmentation.
Photographs of the climactic explosion show that the eruptive cloud initially rose vertically but subsequently collapsed upon the terrain around the vent, and formed a PDC which flowed radially outward. The enhanced northward propagation of the PDC to a maximum distance of 13 km reveals that the northern breach in the ancient crater's high walls influenced the distribution of the deposit. In the studied NE-N-NW sector of the devastated area, in the zone proximal to the volcano, the PDC emplaced a normally graded layer of coarse ash and lapilli mixed in the base with picked-up soil and plant fragments. The layer gradually becomes thinner and finer-grained with distance from the volcano. The PDC deposit has a volume of approximately 0.025 km3 and consists of approximately 80% juvenile rock fragments derived from the explosively fragmented cryptodome. The remaining 20% consists of accidental clasts derived from the old volcanic edifice. The juvenile material is crystal-rich andesite with a unimodal vesicularity distribution (4 to 36%). The reconstructed eruption sequence, the PDC tree blowdown pattern and characteristics of the PDC deposit are similar to those of catastrophic laterally-directed blasts of volcanoes Bezymianny in 1956, Mount St.Helens in 1980, and Soufriere Hills, Montserrat in 1997. In contrast to the cases of these “classic” lateral blasts, the blast cloud of Lamington was initially vertically-directed before collapsing to produce a PDC. We speculate that the climactic explosion of Mount Lamington was initially vertical because the rupture surface of the triggering sector collapse intersected the apex of the intruding cryptodome (it exposed a subhorizontal surface of the cryptodome apex), while at Bezymianny, Mount St.Helens, and Soufriere Hills the rupture intersected the main body of the cryptodome/dome, and exposed their steeply inclined surfaces.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2020.106947","usgsCitation":"Belousov, A., Belousova, M., Hoblitt, R.P., and Patia, H., 2020, The 1951 eruption of Mount Lamington, Papua New Guinea: Devastating directed blast triggered by small-scale edifice failure: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 401, 106947, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2020.106947.","productDescription":"106947, 19 p.","ipdsId":"IP-113773","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":456525,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2020.106947","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":387298,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Papua New Guinea","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[155.88003,-6.82],[155.59999,-6.91999],[155.16699,-6.53593],[154.72919,-5.90083],[154.51411,-5.13912],[154.6525,-5.04243],[154.75999,-5.33998],[155.06292,-5.56679],[155.54775,-6.20065],[156.01997,-6.54001],[155.88003,-6.82]]],[[[151.9828,-5.47806],[151.45911,-5.56028],[151.30139,-5.84073],[150.75445,-6.08376],[150.2412,-6.31775],[149.70996,-6.31651],[148.89006,-6.02604],[148.31894,-5.74714],[148.40183,-5.43776],[149.29841,-5.58374],[149.84556,-5.5055],[149.99625,-5.0261],[150.13976,-5.00135],[150.23691,-5.53222],[150.80747,-5.45584],[151.08967,-5.11369],[151.64788,-4.75707],[151.53786,-4.16781],[152.13679,-4.14879],[152.33874,-4.31297],[152.31869,-4.86766],[151.9828,-5.47806]]],[[[147.19187,-7.38802],[148.08464,-8.04411],[148.73411,-9.10466],[149.30684,-9.07144],[149.26663,-9.51441],[150.03873,-9.68432],[149.7388,-9.87294],[150.80163,-10.29369],[150.69057,-10.58271],[150.02839,-10.65248],[149.78231,-10.39327],[148.92314,-10.28092],[147.91302,-10.13044],[147.13544,-9.49244],[146.56788,-8.94255],[146.04848,-8.06741],[144.74417,-7.63013],[143.89709,-7.91533],[143.28638,-8.24549],[143.41391,-8.98307],[142.62843,-9.32682],[142.06826,-9.1596],[141.03385,-9.11789],[141.01706,-5.85902],[141.00021,-2.60015],[142.73525,-3.28915],[144.58397,-3.86142],[145.27318,-4.37374],[145.82979,-4.8765],[145.98192,-5.46561],[147.64807,-6.08366],[147.89111,-6.61401],[146.97091,-6.72166],[147.19187,-7.38802]]],[[[153.14004,-4.49998],[152.82729,-4.76643],[152.63867,-4.17613],[152.40603,-3.78974],[151.95324,-3.46206],[151.38428,-3.03542],[150.66205,-2.74149],[150.93997,-2.5],[151.47998,-2.77999],[151.82002,-2.99997],[152.23999,-3.24001],[152.64002,-3.65998],[153.01999,-3.98002],[153.14004,-4.49998]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Papua New Guinea\"}}]}","volume":"401","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belousov, Alexander","contributorId":261229,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Belousov","given":"Alexander","affiliations":[{"id":52776,"text":"(1) Institute of Volcanology and Seismology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belousova, Marina","contributorId":261230,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Belousova","given":"Marina","affiliations":[{"id":52776,"text":"(1) Institute of Volcanology and Seismology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoblitt, Richard P. 0000-0001-5850-4760","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5850-4760","contributorId":220615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoblitt","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":819534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Patia, Herman","contributorId":261231,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Patia","given":"Herman","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52777,"text":"Rabaul Volcano Observatory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70211486,"text":"70211486 - 2020 - Validating climate‐change refugia: Empirical bottom‐up approaches to support management actions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-29T01:01:13.05246","indexId":"70211486","displayToPublicDate":"2020-06-01T19:56:01","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1701,"text":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Validating climate‐change refugia: Empirical bottom‐up approaches to support management actions","docAbstract":"Efforts to conserve biodiversity increasingly focus on identifying climate‐change refugia – areas relatively buffered from contemporary climate change over time that enable species persistence. Identification of refugia typically includes modeling the distribution of a species’ current habitat and then extrapolating that distribution given projected changes in temperature and precipitation, or by mapping topographic features that buffer species from regional climate extremes. However, the function of those hypothesized refugia must be validated (or challenged) with independent data not used in the initial identification of the refugia. Although doing so would facilitate the incorporation of climate‐change refugia into conservation and management decision making, a synthesis of validation methods is currently lacking. We reviewed the literature and defined four methods to test refugia predictions. We propose that such bottom‐up approaches can lead to improved protected‐area designations and on‐the‐ground management actions to reduce influences from non‐climate stressors within potential refugia.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/fee.2205","usgsCitation":"Barrows, C., Ramirez, A.R., Sweet, L.C., Morelli, T.L., Millar, C., Frakes, N., Rodgers, J., and Mahalovich, M.F., 2020, Validating climate‐change refugia: Empirical bottom‐up approaches to support management actions: Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, v. 18, no. 5, p. 298-306, https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.2205.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"298","endPage":"306","ipdsId":"IP-112734","costCenters":[{"id":5080,"text":"Northeast Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":456527,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.2205","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":376823,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.806640625,\n 42.01665183556825\n ],\n [\n -106.6552734375,\n 42.01665183556825\n ],\n [\n -106.6552734375,\n 48.922499263758255\n ],\n [\n -116.806640625,\n 48.922499263758255\n ],\n [\n -116.806640625,\n 42.01665183556825\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"18","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barrows, Cameron W.","contributorId":236818,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barrows","given":"Cameron W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ramirez, Aaron R.","contributorId":149780,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ramirez","given":"Aaron","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":17824,"text":"UC Berkeley, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":794275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sweet, Lynn C.","contributorId":149951,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sweet","given":"Lynn","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morelli, Toni Lyn 0000-0001-5865-5294 tmorelli@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5865-5294","contributorId":197458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morelli","given":"Toni","email":"tmorelli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Lyn","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5080,"text":"Northeast Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":794278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Millar, Constance I.","contributorId":99005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Millar","given":"Constance I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Frakes, Neil","contributorId":177303,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Frakes","given":"Neil","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rodgers, Jane","contributorId":236752,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodgers","given":"Jane","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Mahalovich, Mary Frances","contributorId":200724,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mahalovich","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"Frances","affiliations":[{"id":27110,"text":"U.S. Dept of Agriculture, Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":794276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70209203,"text":"70209203 - 2020 - Modeling geologic sequestration of carbon dioxide in a deep saline carbonate reservoir with TOUGH2–ChemPlugin, a new tool for reactive transport modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-08T13:52:10.668552","indexId":"70209203","displayToPublicDate":"2020-06-01T19:04:41","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1541,"text":"Environmental Geosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling geologic sequestration of carbon dioxide in a deep saline carbonate reservoir with TOUGH2–ChemPlugin, a new tool for reactive transport modeling","docAbstract":"This paper outlines the development and demonstration of a new tool, TOUGH2–ChemPlugin (T2CPI) for predicting rock–water–CO2 interaction following injection of supercritical CO2 into a heterogeneous carbonate system. Specifically, modeling capabilities of TOUGH2, which examines multiphase flow and supercritical CO2 behavior, were combined with the geochemical modeling capabilities of The Geochemist’s Workbench® (GWB), using ChemPluginTM. ChemPlugin is a self-linking re-entrant software object that, when coupled to a transport simulator, retains the flow and transport capabilities of the simulator but enables incorporation of reactive chemistry via GWB. To test and assess the capabilities of T2CPI, results from T2CPI simulations were compared to those of TOUGHREACT, using the same carbonate reservoir parameters (based on the Dollar Bay Formation of the South Florida Basin). Overall, results of simulations from TOUGHREACT and T2CPI were very similar for nearly all evaluated parameters. Dissimilarities between the two programs included qualitative differences in how TOUGHREACT and T2CPI predicted calcite dissolution and the subsequent spatial pattern of the porosity gain caused by how each handles evaporation of water near the injection point. The TOUGHREACT program is a proven, widely used tool for evaluating CO2–brine–rock interaction following supercritical CO2 injection. The T2CPI tool offers similar capabilities and strengths of TOUGHREACT, with the ability to read in and use databases for a wide range of activity coefficient types. This program also has abilities to use a wide range of kinetic constraints, define those kinetic constraints with scripts or compiled libraries, account for colloidal transport, and/or account for a wide range of surface sorption models.
","language":"English","publisher":"AAPG","doi":"10.1306/eg.08061919003","collaboration":"None","usgsCitation":"Roberts-Ashby, T., Berger, P.M., Cunningham, J.A., Kumar, R., and Blondes, M., 2020, Modeling geologic sequestration of carbon dioxide in a deep saline carbonate reservoir with TOUGH2–ChemPlugin, a new tool for reactive transport modeling: Environmental Geosciences, v. 27, no. 2, p. 103-116, https://doi.org/10.1306/eg.08061919003.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"103","endPage":"116","ipdsId":"IP-098127","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":375280,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Dollar Bay Formation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.18298339843749,\n 24.297040469311558\n ],\n [\n -79.73876953125,\n 24.297040469311558\n ],\n [\n -79.73876953125,\n 27.81478637667891\n ],\n [\n -83.18298339843749,\n 27.81478637667891\n ],\n [\n -83.18298339843749,\n 24.297040469311558\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roberts-Ashby, Tina L. 0000-0003-2940-1740","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2940-1740","contributorId":205925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts-Ashby","given":"Tina L.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":785375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berger, Peter M.","contributorId":223538,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Berger","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40735,"text":"Illionois State Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":785376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cunningham, Jeffrey A.","contributorId":223539,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cunningham","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":40736,"text":"Dept of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":785377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kumar, Ram","contributorId":223540,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kumar","given":"Ram","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40737,"text":"Dept. of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Univ. of South Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":790254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Blondes, Madalyn S. 0000-0003-0320-0107 mblondes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0320-0107","contributorId":3598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blondes","given":"Madalyn S.","email":"mblondes@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":785378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70211481,"text":"70211481 - 2020 - Climate‐change refugia: Biodiversity in the slow lane","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-28T23:53:44.020206","indexId":"70211481","displayToPublicDate":"2020-06-01T18:42:45","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1701,"text":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate‐change refugia: Biodiversity in the slow lane","docAbstract":"Climate‐change adaptation focuses on conducting and translating research to minimize the dire impacts of anthropogenic climate change, including threats to biodiversity and human welfare. One adaptation strategy is to focus conservation on climate‐change refugia (that is, areas relatively buffered from contemporary climate change over time that enable persistence of valued physical, ecological, and sociocultural resources). In this Special Issue, recent methodological and conceptual advances in refugia science will be highlighted. Advances in this emerging subdiscipline are improving scientific understanding and conservation in the face of climate change by considering scale and ecosystem dynamics, and looking beyond climate exposure to sensitivity and adaptive capacity. We propose considering refugia in the context of a multifaceted, long‐term, network‐based approach, as temporal and spatial gradients of ecological persistence that can act as “slow lanes” rather than areas of stasis. After years of discussion confined primarily to the scientific literature, researchers and resource managers are now working together to put refugia conservation into practice.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/fee.2189","usgsCitation":"Morelli, T.L., Barrows, C., Ramirez, A.R., Cartwright, J.M., Ackerly, D.D., Eaves, T.D., Ebersole, J.L., Krawchuk, M.A., Letcher, B., Mahalovich, M.F., Meigs, G., Michalak, J., Millar, C., Quinones, R.M., Stralberg, D., and Thorne, J.H., 2020, Climate‐change refugia: Biodiversity in the slow lane: Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, v. 18, no. 5, p. 228-234, https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.2189.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"228","endPage":"234","ipdsId":"IP-111144","costCenters":[{"id":5080,"text":"Northeast Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":456531,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.2189","text":"Publisher Index 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D.","contributorId":182417,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ackerly","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Eaves, Tatiana D.","contributorId":236819,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eaves","given":"Tatiana","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ebersole, Joseph L.","contributorId":146938,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ebersole","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":12657,"text":"EPA NEIC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":794239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Krawchuk, Meg 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M.","contributorId":172968,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Quinones","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Stralberg, Diana","contributorId":225709,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stralberg","given":"Diana","affiliations":[{"id":36696,"text":"University of Alberta","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":794247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Thorne, James H.","contributorId":173762,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thorne","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":794248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}} ,{"id":70211253,"text":"70211253 - 2020 - Locality note for rubber boa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-06T23:20:25.341027","indexId":"70211253","displayToPublicDate":"2020-06-01T18:19:03","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1898,"text":"Herpetological Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Locality note for rubber boa","docAbstract":"CHARINA BOTTAE BOTTAE (N. Rubber Boa), USA: CALIFORNIA: Monterey Co.: Landels-Hill Big Creek Reserve, east side of Hwy. 1, 80 km (50 miles) south of Carmel, Calif., (36.0719055 N 121.5991555 W) 19 June, 2009; (36.0703611 N 121.5982222 W) 06 July 2009; (36.9516666 N 121.5991944 W) 27 July 2009. In chronological order, photo vouchers MVZObs:Herp:26, MVZObs:Herp:27, MVZObs:Herp:28. Verified by Mitchell Mulks, formerly of 84 Redondo Ave. Suisun City, Calif., Michelle Koo, Staff Curator, Biodiversity Informatics & GIS and Researcher, MVZ, U.C., Berkeley, Calif. New southern extension of the species in the Santa Lucia Range of Monterey Co. approximately 48 km. (30 miles) south of previous range extension south of Carmel in Bixby Canyon (Burger, L.W., Herpetologica, Vol. 8. Part 1. March 22, 1952), and approximately 4 km. (2.5 miles) south of MVZ #229876 found 20 miles north of Nacimiento Road, at approximate coordinates of 36.10033 N 121.62026 W.","language":"English","publisher":"Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles","usgsCitation":"Tomoleoni, J.A., and Hoyer, R.F., 2020, Locality note for rubber boa: Herpetological Review, v. 51, no. 2, 1 p.","productDescription":"1 p.","ipdsId":"IP-113927","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":377146,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":377145,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ssarherps.org/herpetological-review-pdfs/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Monterey County","city":"Carmel","otherGeospatial":"Santa Lucia Range","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.89743041992189,\n 36.49556152992\n ],\n [\n -121.83151245117186,\n 36.49556152992\n ],\n [\n -121.83151245117186,\n 36.54908666159689\n ],\n [\n -121.89743041992189,\n 36.54908666159689\n ],\n [\n -121.89743041992189,\n 36.49556152992\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"51","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tomoleoni, Joseph A. 0000-0001-6980-251X jtomoleoni@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6980-251X","contributorId":167551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tomoleoni","given":"Joseph","email":"jtomoleoni@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":793427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoyer, Richard F","contributorId":229515,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoyer","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"F","affiliations":[{"id":41662,"text":"Corvallis, OR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":793428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70210492,"text":"70210492 - 2020 - Validation of laboratory tests for infectious diseases in wild mammals: Review and recommendations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-13T15:42:29.145635","indexId":"70210492","displayToPublicDate":"2020-06-01T16:58:52","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2492,"text":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Validation of laboratory tests for infectious diseases in wild mammals: Review and recommendations","docAbstract":"Evaluation of the diagnostic sensitivity (DSe) and specificity (DSp) of tests for infectious diseases in wild animals is challenging, and some of the limitations may affect compliance with the OIE-recommended test validation pathway. We conducted a methodologic review of test validation studies for OIE-listed diseases in wild mammals published between 2008 and 2017 and focused on study design, statistical analysis, and reporting of results. Most published papers addressed Mycobacterium bovis infection in one or more wildlife species. Our review revealed limitations or missing information about sampled animals, identification criteria for positive and negative samples (case definition), representativeness of source and target populations, and species in the study, as well as information identifying animals sampled for calculations of DSe and DSp as naturally infected captive, free-ranging, or experimentally challenged animals. The deficiencies may have reflected omissions in reporting rather than design flaws, although lack of random sampling might have induced bias in estimates of DSe and DSp. We used case studies of validation of tests for hemorrhagic diseases in deer and white-nose syndrome in hibernating bats to demonstrate approaches for validation when new pathogen serotypes or genotypes are detected and diagnostic algorithms are changed, and how purposes of tests evolve together with the evolution of the pathogen after identification. We describe potential benefits of experimental challenge studies for obtaining DSe and DSp estimates, methods to maintain sample integrity, and Bayesian latent class models for statistical analysis. We make recommendations for improvements in future studies of detection test accuracy in wild mammals.
","language":"English","publisher":"Sage","doi":"10.1177/1040638720920346","usgsCitation":"Beibei, J., Colling, D., Stallknecht, D., Blehert, D.S., Bingham, J., Crossley, B., Eagles, D., and Gardner, I.A., 2020, Validation of laboratory tests for infectious diseases in wild mammals: Review and recommendations: Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, v. 32, no. 6, p. 776-792, https://doi.org/10.1177/1040638720920346.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"776","endPage":"792","ipdsId":"IP-110153","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":456534,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1040638720920346","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":375380,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-05-29","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beibei, Jia","contributorId":225105,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beibei","given":"Jia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":41036,"text":"Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":790361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Colling, David","contributorId":225106,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Colling","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":41037,"text":"CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":790362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stallknecht, David E.","contributorId":225107,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stallknecht","given":"David E.","affiliations":[{"id":36701,"text":"Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":790363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blehert, David S. 0000-0002-1065-9760 dblehert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1065-9760","contributorId":140397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blehert","given":"David","email":"dblehert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":790364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bingham, John","contributorId":225108,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bingham","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":41037,"text":"CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":790365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Crossley, Beate","contributorId":225109,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crossley","given":"Beate","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":41039,"text":"and California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, University of California Davis, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":790366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Eagles, Debbie","contributorId":225110,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eagles","given":"Debbie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":41037,"text":"CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":790367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gardner, Ian A","contributorId":168476,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gardner","given":"Ian","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[{"id":25301,"text":"Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, 9 Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island C1A 4P3, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":790368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70211962,"text":"70211962 - 2020 - An empirical comparison of population genetic analyses using microsatellite and SNP data for a species of conservation concern","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-12T21:20:12.67786","indexId":"70211962","displayToPublicDate":"2020-06-01T16:14:16","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":956,"text":"BMC Genomics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An empirical comparison of population genetic analyses using microsatellite and SNP data for a species of conservation concern","docAbstract":"Use of genomic tools to characterize wildlife populations has increased in recent years. In the past, genetic characterization has been accomplished with more traditional genetic tools (e.g., microsatellites). The explosion of genomic methods and the subsequent creation of large SNP datasets has led to the promise of increased precision in population genetic parameter estimates and identification of demographically and evolutionarily independent groups, as well as questions about the future usefulness of the more traditional genetic tools. At present, few empirical comparisons of population genetic parameters and clustering analyses performed with microsatellites and SNPs have been conducted.
Here we used microsatellite and SNP data generated from Gunnison sage-grouse (Centrocercus minimus) samples to evaluate concordance of the results obtained from each dataset for common metrics of genetic diversity (HO, HE, FIS, AR) and differentiation (FST, GST, DJost). Additionally, we evaluated clustering of individuals using putatively neutral (SNPs and microsatellites), putatively adaptive, and a combined dataset of putatively neutral and adaptive loci. We took particular interest in the conservation implications of any differences. Generally, we found high concordance between microsatellites and SNPs for HE, FIS, AR, and all differentiation estimates. Although there was strong correlation between metrics from SNPs and microsatellites, the magnitude of the diversity and differentiation metrics were quite different in some cases. Clustering analyses also showed similar patterns, though SNP data was able to cluster individuals into more distinct groups. Importantly, clustering analyses with SNP data suggest strong demographic independence among the six distinct populations of Gunnison sage-grouse with some indication of evolutionary independence in two or three populations; a finding that was not revealed by microsatellite data.
We demonstrate that SNPs have three main advantages over microsatellites: more precise estimates of population-level diversity, higher power to identify groups in clustering methods, and the ability to consider local adaptation. This study adds to a growing body of work comparing the use of SNPs and microsatellites to evaluate genetic diversity and differentiation for a species of conservation concern with relatively high population structure and using the most common method of obtaining SNP genotypes for non-model organisms.
","language":"English","publisher":"BMC","doi":"10.1186/s12864-020-06783-9","usgsCitation":"Zimmerman, S.J., Aldridge, C., and Oyler-McCance, S.J., 2020, An empirical comparison of population genetic analyses using microsatellite and SNP data for a species of conservation concern: BMC Genomics, v. 21, 382, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-020-06783-9.","productDescription":"382, 16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-114139","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":456536,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-020-06783-9","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436945,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P94ET592","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Sample collection information and SNP data for Gunnison Sage-grouse across the species range generated in the Molecular Ecology Lab during 2015-2018"},{"id":436944,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P920WO0Q","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Sample collection information and microsatellite data for Gunnison sage-grouse pre and post translocation"},{"id":377446,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.59912109375,\n 35.764343479667176\n ],\n [\n -106.0400390625,\n 35.764343479667176\n ],\n [\n -106.0400390625,\n 39.740986355883564\n ],\n [\n -111.59912109375,\n 39.740986355883564\n ],\n [\n -111.59912109375,\n 35.764343479667176\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zimmerman, Shawna J 0000-0003-3394-6102 szimmerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3394-6102","contributorId":238076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"Shawna","email":"szimmerman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":795971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aldridge, Cameron L. 0000-0003-3926-6941","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3926-6941","contributorId":213471,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aldridge","given":"Cameron L.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":795972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oyler-McCance, Sara J. 0000-0003-1599-8769 sara_oyler-mccance@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1599-8769","contributorId":1973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oyler-McCance","given":"Sara","email":"sara_oyler-mccance@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":795973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70211970,"text":"70211970 - 2020 - Laboratory trials to evaluate carbon dioxide as a potential behavioral control method for invasive red swamp (Procambarus clarkii) and rusty crayfish (Faxonius rusticus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-12T20:41:03.507096","indexId":"70211970","displayToPublicDate":"2020-06-01T15:39:20","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1018,"text":"Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Laboratory trials to evaluate carbon dioxide as a potential behavioral control method for invasive red swamp (Procambarus clarkii) and rusty crayfish (Faxonius rusticus)","title":"Laboratory trials to evaluate carbon dioxide as a potential behavioral control method for invasive red swamp (Procambarus clarkii) and rusty crayfish (Faxonius rusticus)","docAbstract":"Few effective strategies are available to control invasive crayfishes. Carbon dioxide (CO2) acts as a behavioral deterrent for invasive fishes and could be a useful crayfish control tool. The objective of this laboratory study was to quantify CO2 concentrations that caused red swamp crayfish (RSC; Procambarus clarkii) and rusty crayfish (RYC; Faxonius rusticus) avoidance behavior, altered emergence behavior, and caused loss of equilibrium. Behavioral endpoints were quantified under light and dark conditions and at 10 and 24 °C. Avoidance responses from both species varied widely. Under light conditions, 35 mg/L CO2 was needed to induce the first avoidance shuttle in both crayfish species at 10 °C. CO2 concentrations of 42 mg/L for RYC and 46 mg/L for RSC were required for first shuttle at 24 °C. The first avoidance shuttle was induced at 37 mg/L CO2 for RYC and 54 mg/L CO2 for RSC at 10 °C in the dark. At 24 °C, 44 mg/L CO2 was required for first shuttle for both species. Less CO2 was needed to cause the last avoidance shuttle in RYC compared to RSC at both temperatures and under both lighting conditions. RSC emergence occurred at 418 ± 77 mg/L CO2, and loss of equilibrium occurred for both species at 1,231 ± 201 mg/L CO2. RYC appeared to be more sensitive than RSC to CO2, but behavior did not differ among light and water temperature treatments. These results demonstrate that CO2 alters crayfish behavior. The CO2 concentrations identified during this study may inform field testing to develop CO2 as a potential control tool for invasive crayfishes.
","language":"English","publisher":"REABIC","doi":"10.3391/mbi.2020.11.2.06","usgsCitation":"Fredricks, K.T., Tix, J., Smerud, J.R., and Cupp, A.R., 2020, Laboratory trials to evaluate carbon dioxide as a potential behavioral control method for invasive red swamp (Procambarus clarkii) and rusty crayfish (Faxonius rusticus): Biological Invasions, v. 11, no. 2, p. 259-278, https://doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2020.11.2.06.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"259","endPage":"278","ipdsId":"IP-102493","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":456537,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2020.11.2.06","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436946,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9R7AQVM","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Evaluation of dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2) as a non-physical deterrent to invasive Red Swamp Crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) and Rusty Crayfish (Faxonius rusticus): Data"},{"id":377437,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fredricks, Kim T. 0000-0003-2363-7891 kfredricks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2363-7891","contributorId":173994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fredricks","given":"Kim","email":"kfredricks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":796020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tix, John A.","contributorId":126766,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tix","given":"John A.","affiliations":[{"id":6602,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center, Hammond Bay Biological Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smerud, Justin R. 0000-0003-4385-7437 jrsmerud@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4385-7437","contributorId":5031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smerud","given":"Justin","email":"jrsmerud@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":796022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cupp, Aaron R. 0000-0001-5995-2100 acupp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5995-2100","contributorId":5162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cupp","given":"Aaron","email":"acupp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":796023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70209091,"text":"sir20205026 - 2020 - Application of the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) to simulate near-native streamflow in the Upper Rio Grande Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-01T12:26:51.639849","indexId":"sir20205026","displayToPublicDate":"2020-06-01T14:36:39","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2020-5026","displayTitle":"Application of the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) To Simulate Near-Native Streamflow in the Upper Rio Grande Basin","title":"Application of the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) to simulate near-native streamflow in the Upper Rio Grande Basin","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey’s Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) is widely used to simulate the effects of climate, topography, land cover, and soils on landscape-level hydrologic response and streamflow. This study developed, calibrated, and assessed a PRMS model that simulates near-native or naturalized streamflow conditions in the Upper Rio Grande Basin. A PRMS model framework of 1,021 hydrologic response units was constructed for the basin. Subbasins within the larger Upper Rio Grande Basin range from snow-dominated northern basins to monsoon driven southern basins. The 1,021 hydrologic response units were grouped into 133 subareas within the basin, and solar radiation and potential evapotranspiration data were used to calibrate corresponding PRMS parameters in each subarea independently. Nine subbasins with streamgages distributed across the basin were identified as “near-native” subbasins, or those basins with low anthropogenic disturbance. Model parameters that affect streamflow were calibrated for the near-native subbasins, and the calibrated parameters were distributed to the remaining hydrologic response units on the basis of terrain, soil, and vegetation conditions linked to a distribution and weighting algorithm developed for this study. The parameter distribution method was validated in three of the nine near-native subbasins. Calibration results demonstrated that the PRMS model developed in this study with distributed model parameters for the entire Upper Rio Grande Basin was successful in applying local information to improve model performance over the National Hydrologic Model, and that the new model is appropriate to use to simulate near-native conditions throughout the basin. The result is a model that can simulate naturalized flow and other variables that affect the water budget (including soil moisture, evapotranspiration, recharge) at the daily time step for current and future climate conditions, and that can also be used in conjunction with other models developed for the basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20205026","collaboration":"U.S. Geological Survey National Water Census and Water Availability and Use Science Program","usgsCitation":"Chavarria, S.B., Moeser, C.D., and Douglas-Mankin, K.R., 2020, Application of the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) to simulate near-native streamflow in the Upper Rio Grande Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2020–5026, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20205026.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 38 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"48","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-111974","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":436948,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ML93QB","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Hydrologic simulations using projected climate data as input to the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) in the Upper Rio Grande Basin"},{"id":375137,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9YOPYW7","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Input and output data for the application of the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) to simulate near-native streamflow in the Upper Rio Grande Basin"},{"id":375136,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5026/sir20205026.pdf","text":"Report","size":"15.0 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2020–5026"},{"id":375135,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5026/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Upper Rio Grande Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.74316406249999,\n 31.466153715024294\n ],\n [\n -106.0400390625,\n 31.052933985705163\n ],\n [\n -105.380859375,\n 30.90222470517144\n ],\n [\n -105.0732421875,\n 31.12819929911196\n ],\n [\n -105.5126953125,\n 32.175612478499325\n ],\n [\n -105.2490234375,\n 32.80574473290688\n ],\n [\n -105.732421875,\n 33.211116472416855\n ],\n [\n -105.16113281249999,\n 33.797408767572485\n ],\n [\n -104.8974609375,\n 34.66935854524543\n ],\n [\n -105.380859375,\n 35.460669951495305\n ],\n [\n -104.5458984375,\n 36.80928470205937\n ],\n [\n -104.94140625,\n 38.03078569382294\n ],\n [\n -106.34765625,\n 38.54816542304656\n ],\n [\n -107.314453125,\n 37.92686760148135\n ],\n [\n -106.8310546875,\n 37.33522435930639\n ],\n [\n -108.06152343749999,\n 35.99578538642032\n ],\n [\n -107.75390625,\n 34.488447837809304\n ],\n [\n -108.19335937499999,\n 33.61461929233378\n ],\n [\n -108.984375,\n 32.65787573695528\n ],\n [\n -108.80859375,\n 31.541089879585808\n ],\n [\n -108.45703125,\n 31.27855085894653\n ],\n [\n -107.7978515625,\n 32.287132632616384\n ],\n [\n -107.05078125,\n 32.39851580247402\n ],\n [\n -106.74316406249999,\n 31.466153715024294\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New Mexico Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6700 Edith Blvd. NE
Albuquerque, NM 87113
Keys to Chestnut-collared Longspur (Calcarius ornatus) management are providing and maintaining native pastures with fairly short overall vegetation and sparse litter accumulation but with areas of taller and denser vegetation and accumulated litter for nesting, and tailoring grazing intensity to local conditions. Chestnut-collared Longspurs have been reported to use habitats with 10–77 centimeters (cm) average vegetation height, 1–50 cm visual obstruction reading, 15–67 percent grass cover, 5–16 percent forb cover, less than (<) 6 percent shrub cover, 1–44 percent bare ground, 6–63 percent litter cover, and <7 cm litter depth.
Director, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
8711 37th Street Southeast
Jamestown, ND 58401
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) is responsible for reviewing the biological status of hundreds of species to determine federal status designations under the Endangered Species Act. The longleaf pine Pinus palustris ecological system supports many priority at-risk species designated for review, including five species of herpetofauna: gopher tortoise Gopherus polyphemus, southern hognose snake Heterodon simus, Florida pine snake Pituophis melanoleucus mugitus, gopher frog Lithobates (Rana) capito, and striped newt Notophthalmus perstriatus. To inform status decisions and conservation planning, we developed habitat suitability models to 1) identify habitat features that best predict species presence and 2) estimate the amount and distribution of suitable habitat across each species' range under current conditions. We incorporated expert judgment from federal, state, and other partners to capture variation in ecological settings across species' ranges, prioritize predictor variables to test in models, mitigate data limitations by informing the selection of pseudoabsence points, qualitatively evaluate model estimates, and improve the likelihood that experts will trust and use model predictions for conservation. Soil characteristics, land cover, and fire interval strongly influenced habitat suitability for all species. Suitable habitat was distributed on known species strongholds, as well as private lands without known species records. Between 4.7% (gopher frog) and 14.6% (gopher tortoise) of the area in a species' range was classified as suitable habitat, and between 28.1% (southern hognose snake) and 47.5% (gopher frog) of suitable habitat was located in patches larger than 1 km2 (100 ha) on publicly owned lands. By overlaying predictions for each species, we identified areas of suitable habitat for multiple species on protected and unprotected lands. These results have direct applications to management and conservation planning: partners can tailor site-level management based on attributes associated with high habitat suitability for species of concern; allocate survey effort in areas with suitable habitat but no known species records; and identify priority areas for management, land acquisitions, or other strategies based on the distribution of species records, suitable habitat, and land protection status. These results can aid regional partners in implementing effective conservation strategies and inform status designation decisions of the USFWS.
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Part of this program focused on the collection of stream-sediment samples and subsequent geochemical analyses of these samples for uranium, in addition to 47 other elements. As part of the original program, 18,424 stream-sediment samples were collected from Wyoming and analyzed. All original samples are stored at the U.S. Geological Survey’s (USGS) National Geochemical Sample Archive (NGSA). The Wyoming State Geological Survey (WSGS) recently selected 159 of the original Wyoming NURE stream samples to be reanalyzed using modern and standardized analytical equipment. The raw results of the reanalysis are provided with this report.
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0000-0002-8256-7494","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8256-7494","contributorId":201966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Azain","given":"Jaime S.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":791762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ingraham, Andrew David 0000-0001-7347-6171","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7347-6171","contributorId":225588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingraham","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":791763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70212741,"text":"70212741 - 2020 - Climate change projected to reduce prescribed burning opportunities in the south-eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-24T16:03:00.806638","indexId":"70212741","displayToPublicDate":"2020-06-01T11:22:20","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2083,"text":"International Journal of Wildland Fire","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate change projected to reduce prescribed burning opportunities in the south-eastern United States","docAbstract":"Prescribed burning is a critical tool for managing wildfire risks and meeting ecological objectives, but its safe and effective application requires that specific meteorological criteria (a ‘burn window’) are met. Here, we evaluate the potential impacts of projected climatic change on prescribed burning in the south-eastern United States by applying a set of burn window criteria that capture temperature, relative humidity and wind speed to projections from an ensemble of Global Climate Models under two greenhouse gas emission scenarios. Regionally, the percentage of suitable days for burning changes little during winter but decreases substantially in summer owing to rising temperatures by the end of the 21st century compared with historical conditions. Management implications of such changes for six representative land management units include seasonal shifts in burning opportunities from summer to cool-season months, but with considerable regional variation. We contend that the practical constraints of rising temperatures on prescribed fire activities represent a significant future challenge and show that even meeting basic burn criteria (as defined today) will become increasingly difficult over time, which speaks to the need for adaptive management strategies to prepare for such changes.
","language":"English","publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","doi":"10.1071/WF19198","usgsCitation":"Kupfer, J., Terando, A., Gao, P., Teske, C., and Hiers, J., 2020, Climate change projected to reduce prescribed burning opportunities in the south-eastern United States: International Journal of Wildland Fire, v. 29, no. 9, p. 764-778, https://doi.org/10.1071/WF19198.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"764","endPage":"778","ipdsId":"IP-108251","costCenters":[{"id":40926,"text":"Southeast Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":456540,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1071/wf19198","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":377937,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, 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Carolina","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":797381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Terando, Adam J. 0000-0002-9280-043X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9280-043X","contributorId":216875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terando","given":"Adam J.","affiliations":[{"id":565,"text":"Southeast Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":797382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gao, Peng","contributorId":224731,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gao","given":"Peng","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6682,"text":"Utah State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":797383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Teske, Casey","contributorId":224732,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Teske","given":"Casey","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36874,"text":"Tall Timbers Research Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":797384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hiers, J Kevin","contributorId":239606,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hiers","given":"J Kevin","affiliations":[{"id":36874,"text":"Tall Timbers Research Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":797385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70210872,"text":"70210872 - 2020 - Oases of the future? Evaluating springs as potential hydrologic refugia in drying climates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-06T18:41:36.845935","indexId":"70210872","displayToPublicDate":"2020-06-01T10:38:41","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1701,"text":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Oases of the future? Evaluating springs as potential hydrologic refugia in drying climates","docAbstract":"Springs in water-limited landscapes are biodiversity hotspots and keystone ecosystems, disproportionately influencing surrounding landscapes despite their often small areas. Some springs served as evolutionary refugia during previous climate drying, supporting relict species in isolated habitats. Understanding whether springs will provide hydrologic refugia from future climate change is important to biodiversity conservation but complicated by hydrologic variability among springs, data limitations, and multiple non-climate threats to groundwater-dependent ecosystems. Here, we present a conceptual framework for categorizing springs as potentially stable, relative, or transient hydrologic refugia in a drying climate. Clues about refugial capacity of springs can be assembled from diverse approaches, including citizen-science-powered ecohydrologic monitoring, remote sensing, landowner interviews, and environmental tracer analysis. Managers can integrate multiple lines of evidence to predict which springs may become future refugia for species of concern, strengthening the long-term effectiveness of springs conservation and restoration and informing climate adaptation for terrestrial and freshwater species.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/fee.2191","usgsCitation":"Cartwright, J.M., Dwire, K.A., Freed, Z., Hammer, S.J., McLaughlin, B., Misztal, L.W., Schenk, E.J., Spencer, J.R., Springer, A.E., and Stevens, L.E., 2020, Oases of the future? Evaluating springs as potential hydrologic refugia in drying climates: Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, v. 18, no. 5, p. 245-253, https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.2191.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"245","endPage":"253","ipdsId":"IP-104870","costCenters":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":456543,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.2191","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":376026,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cartwright, Jennifer M. 0000-0003-0851-8456 jmcart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0851-8456","contributorId":5386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cartwright","given":"Jennifer","email":"jmcart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":791891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dwire, Kathleen A.","contributorId":225615,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dwire","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":41171,"text":"US Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fort Collins, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":791892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Freed, Zach","contributorId":212139,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Freed","given":"Zach","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7041,"text":"The Nature Conservancy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":791893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hammer, Samantha J.","contributorId":225616,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hammer","given":"Samantha","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":41172,"text":"Sky Island Alliance, Tucson, AZ","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":791894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McLaughlin, Blair 0000-0002-6422-7592","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6422-7592","contributorId":225617,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McLaughlin","given":"Blair","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":41173,"text":"Hampshire College, Amherst, MA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":791895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Misztal, Louise W.","contributorId":225620,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Misztal","given":"Louise","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":791896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schenk, Edward J. 0000-0001-6886-5754","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6886-5754","contributorId":221439,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schenk","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40377,"text":"Museum of Northern Arizona Springs Stewardship Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":791897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Spencer, John R.","contributorId":167381,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spencer","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":791898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Springer, Abraham E. 0000-0003-4826-9124","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4826-9124","contributorId":216651,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Springer","given":"Abraham","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":39494,"text":"School of Earth Science and Environmental Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":791899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Stevens, Lawrence E. 0000-0003-4377-974X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4377-974X","contributorId":225618,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stevens","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":41174,"text":"Springs Stewardship Institute, Museum of Northern Arizona, Flagstaff, AZ","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":791900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70228591,"text":"70228591 - 2020 - Gear comparison study for sampling nekton in Barataria Basin marshes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-14T16:43:43.772396","indexId":"70228591","displayToPublicDate":"2020-06-01T10:38:17","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":10110,"text":"Technical Report Administrative Summary","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"title":"Gear comparison study for sampling nekton in Barataria Basin marshes","docAbstract":"This project was funded by the Louisiana Trustee Implementation Group (LA TIG) to support decisions related to investments in long-term monitoring. The LA TIG seeks to ensure long-term monitoring informs coastal restoration activities with the goal of sustaining and improving fisheries impacted by the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) Oil Spill. The project objective was to compare nekton catch across an estuarine gradient using different sampling gear with the goal of identifying trade-offs among nekton sampling approaches. To accomplish this objective, Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries (LDWF), The Water Institute of the Gulf (the Institute), Dynamic Solutions, LLC, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center (LSU AgCenter), and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) completed a field gear comparison study from 2018 to 2019. This work compared electrofisher and seine sampling at 12 fixed stations in Barataria Basin using data collected by LDWF. In addition, and in conjunction with LDWF monthly sampling, the same 12 fixed stations were sampled in May 2019 using a throw trap to compare nekton catch and assemblages collected with the throw trap, seine and electrofisher. LDWF has been conducting seine sampling since 1986, and seine data are used by the State of Louisiana to assess juvenile shrimp, crab and fish abundances, sizes and overall assemblages. In 2018, LDWF began conducting electrofisher sampling at 12 Barataria Basin seine stations in order to determine if the two gear types sample similar species and assemblages for potential future replacement of long-term seine sampling with electrofishing. Throw traps were included as they provide density estimates, which are ultimately the desired statistic used in modeling trophic webs, and are used in assessing habitat restoration outcomes.
The project compared the nekton catch and assemblages collected using seine, electrofisher, and throw trap data from marsh edge habitats located across the estuarine gradient in Barataria Basin. Specifically, catch per unit effort (CPUE), species richness, species-specific total length (mm) distribution and nekton assemblages were compared between gear types. The first dataset was collected in May 2019 with throw trap (Appendix A), seine (LDWF data), and electrofisher (LDWF data) gear, and the second dataset (collected by LDWF) spanned 14 months of seine and electrofisher monthly sampling occurring from May 2018 through June 2019 at 12 stations in Barataria Basin.
Key findings include that gear bias was not evident across the range of water quality conditions (salinity, temperature, o C, dissolved oxygen, mg L-1 , turbidity, NTU; Appendix B: scatter plots) captured during this pilot study, but differences in nekton catch per unit effort (CPUE) and assemblages were evident between gear types. However, those differences largely depended on the parameter examined. For example, the overall CPUE was highest for electrofishing, followed by seine, and then throw trap. When grass shrimp (the most abundant taxon collected) were removed from CPUE, the electrofisher and seine results were similar in CPUE. When CPUE was corrected for gear efficiency and total area sampled, the throw trap had the highest reported density of nekton sampled, followed by electrofisher and seine results. Electrofishing captured the highest number of species, which included more unique species compared to seine or throw trap catches, though all gear types captured at least one unique species. These highlight a need for caution in interpreting assemblage and density data when comparing datasets derived from different sampling methodologies.
These key findings can help inform implementation and interpretation of long-term monitoring data in Louisiana as management decisions are made about coastal restoration projects to sustain and improve fisheries. There are trade-offs in selecting gear types for estuarine nekton monitoring of density, abundance, species richness, and assemblages. The table below (Table 1) summarizes some considerations when selecting gear types for long-term monitoring of estuarine nekton. In addition to biological and ecological considerations, other important considerations include cost, the labor required to conduct sampling, logistics, and potential uncertainties related to how effective each gear type is for sampling the wide variety of conditions found across Louisiana’s coastal habitats. For example, although electrofishing may capture higher CPUE, the equipment is more expensive to obtain and maintain compared to the other gear types. Most importantly, this table highlights differences in the nekton assemblages sampled by each gear type; this consideration is critical when designing the goals of a long-term monitoring program as it will inform how the data can be used and interpreted in the future.
This report provides caveats, assumptions, and recommendations that can help support the Louisiana Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority (CPRA), LDWF and the LA TIG in comparing data from different gear types, and in making decisions for future monitoring. Findings from this study are limited to the range of water quality conditions occurring during these data collection events; these data and analyses could benefit from sampling across a wider range of water quality conditions, and collection of habitat structure and bottom type data which are not routinely collected but critically influence nekton. Further investigation examining how relative differences detected in key species abundances between gear types might impact ecosystem indicators and energetics in a modeled food web would provide valuable input to understand outputs of the Comprehensive Aquatic System Model for Barataria Basin, including the potential impacts of nekton monitoring decisions on food web models.
","language":"English","publisher":"NOAA","usgsCitation":"Taylor, C., La Peyre, M., Sable, S., Kiskaddon, E.P., and Baustian, M., 2020, Gear comparison study for sampling nekton in Barataria Basin marshes: Technical Report Administrative Summary, 67 p.","productDescription":"67 p.","ipdsId":"IP-118449","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":395893,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":395891,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.gulfspillrestoration.noaa.gov/sites/default/files/2020-08%20LA%20TO65_GearCompReport_final_June2020.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Barataria Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.20599365234375,\n 29.106576445680258\n ],\n [\n -89.2694091796875,\n 29.14496502116881\n ],\n [\n -89.40948486328125,\n 29.346269551093652\n ],\n [\n -89.48089599609375,\n 29.336692606945483\n ],\n [\n -89.637451171875,\n 29.432421529604852\n ],\n [\n -89.82696533203125,\n 29.58540020340835\n ],\n [\n -90.09063720703124,\n 29.738147333955528\n ],\n [\n -90.2252197265625,\n 29.654642479663647\n ],\n [\n -90.42022705078125,\n 29.649868677972304\n ],\n [\n -90.22796630859375,\n 29.27442054681336\n ],\n [\n -90.20599365234375,\n 29.106576445680258\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, Caleb","contributorId":278588,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taylor","given":"Caleb","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":834706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"La Peyre, Megan K. 0000-0001-9936-2252","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9936-2252","contributorId":264343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"La Peyre","given":"Megan K.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":834707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sable, Shaye","contributorId":147275,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sable","given":"Shaye","affiliations":[{"id":16816,"text":"Dynamic Solutions, Baton Rouge, LA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kiskaddon, Erin P.","contributorId":272886,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kiskaddon","given":"Erin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":13499,"text":"The Water Institute of the Gulf","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Baustian, Melissa M.","contributorId":189569,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baustian","given":"Melissa M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":834818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70210873,"text":"70210873 - 2020 - Combining physical and species‐based approaches improves refugia identification","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-30T15:38:25.331939","indexId":"70210873","displayToPublicDate":"2020-06-01T10:36:07","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1701,"text":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Combining physical and species‐based approaches improves refugia identification","docAbstract":"Climate‐change refugia – locations likely to facilitate species persistence under climate change – are increasingly important components of conservation planning. Recent approaches for identifying refugia at broad scales include identifying regions that are projected to experience less severe changes (climatic exposure), that contain a diversity of physical and topographic features (environmental diversity), and that either retain or remain close to suitable climatic conditions (climate tracking, including both “species‐neutral” and species‐based approaches). We compared the degree of agreement between these approaches – with respect to their spatial coverage and other characteristics – across much of North America. This analysis found that approaches based on environmental diversity and species‐neutral climatic gradients both favored topographically complex regions, whereas climatic exposure and species‐based approaches identified regions with a range of topographic characteristics. Species‐based approaches targeting specific habitat groups identified unique regions missed by other approaches, emphasizing the importance of asking the question “refugia for what?” when prioritizing refugia. Our results highlight the necessity of including climatic exposure and species‐based information in addition to topographic diversity and climatic gradients in refugia analyses.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/fee.2207","usgsCitation":"Michalak, J., Stralberg, D., Cartwright, J.M., and Lawler, J.J., 2020, Combining physical and species‐based approaches improves refugia identification: Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, v. 18, no. 5, p. 254-260, https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.2207.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"254","endPage":"260","ipdsId":"IP-105568","costCenters":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":456545,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.2207","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":376025,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Michalak, Julia 0000-0002-2524-8390","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2524-8390","contributorId":210589,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Michalak","given":"Julia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":791901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stralberg, Diana","contributorId":187413,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stralberg","given":"Diana","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":791902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cartwright, Jennifer M. 0000-0003-0851-8456 jmcart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0851-8456","contributorId":5386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cartwright","given":"Jennifer","email":"jmcart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":791903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lawler, Joshua J.","contributorId":73327,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lawler","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":791904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70210874,"text":"70210874 - 2020 - Disturbance refugia within mosaics of forest fire, drought, and insect outbreaks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-30T15:35:29.994854","indexId":"70210874","displayToPublicDate":"2020-06-01T10:32:33","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1701,"text":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Disturbance refugia within mosaics of forest fire, drought, and insect outbreaks","docAbstract":"Disturbance refugia – locations that experience less severe or frequent disturbances than the surrounding landscape – provide a framework to highlight not only where and why these biological legacies persist as adjacent areas change but also the value of those legacies in sustaining biodiversity. Recent studies of disturbance refugia in forest ecosystems have focused primarily on fire, with a growing recognition of important applications to land management. Given the wide range of disturbance processes in forests, developing a broader understanding of disturbance refugia is important for scientists and land managers, particularly in the context of anthropogenic climate change. We illustrate the framework of disturbance refugia through the individual and interactive effects of three prominent forest disturbance agents: fire, drought, and insect outbreaks. We provide examples of disturbance refugia and related applications to natural resource management in western North America, demonstrate methods for characterizing refugia, identify research priorities, and discuss why a more comprehensive definition of disturbance refugia is relevant to conservation globally.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/fee.2190","usgsCitation":"Krawchuk, M.A., Meigs, G., Cartwright, J.M., Coop, J.D., Davis, R.J., Holz, A., Kolden, C.A., and Meddens, A.J., 2020, Disturbance refugia within mosaics of forest fire, drought, and insect outbreaks: Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, v. 18, no. 5, p. 235-244, https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.2190.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"235","endPage":"244","ipdsId":"IP-105563","costCenters":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":456547,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.2190","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":376024,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krawchuk, Meg A.","contributorId":187425,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krawchuk","given":"Meg","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":791905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meigs, Garrett","contributorId":192344,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meigs","given":"Garrett","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":791906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cartwright, Jennifer M. 0000-0003-0851-8456 jmcart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0851-8456","contributorId":5386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cartwright","given":"Jennifer","email":"jmcart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":791909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coop, Jonathan D.","contributorId":187427,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coop","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":791910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Davis, Raymond J.","contributorId":150574,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davis","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":791911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Holz, Andres","contributorId":225619,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holz","given":"Andres","affiliations":[{"id":6929,"text":"Portland State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":791912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kolden, Crystal A.","contributorId":196909,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kolden","given":"Crystal","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":791908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Meddens, Arjan J.H.","contributorId":140349,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meddens","given":"Arjan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.H.","affiliations":[{"id":13466,"text":"Univ. of Idaho","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":791907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70210750,"text":"70210750 - 2020 - Annual outbreaks of coral disease coincide with extreme seasonal warming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-01T19:54:54.432553","indexId":"70210750","displayToPublicDate":"2020-06-01T10:29:29","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1338,"text":"Coral Reefs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Annual outbreaks of coral disease coincide with extreme seasonal warming","docAbstract":"Reef-building corals living in extreme environments can provide insight into the negative effects of future climate scenarios. In hot environments, coral communities experience disproportionate thermal stress as they live very near or at their upper thermal limits. This results in a high frequency of bleaching episodes, but it is unknown whether temperature-driven outbreaks of coral disease follow a similar trajectory. Here we tracked outbreaks of a white-syndrome (WS) disease over three years in the hottest region inhabited by reef-building corals, the southern Persian Gulf. From 2014 to 2016, WS affected 10 of the 16 scleractinian genera recorded at inshore and offshore sites. Intra- and inter-specific transmission of lesions was frequently observed, indicative of a single contagious disease infecting multiple coral taxa. Colonies of Acropora were the most susceptible to WS disease and were more than twice as likely to experience lesions than any other genera. Prevalence reached 42% of Acropora colonies and lesions progressed at an average rate of 1 mm day−1. Platygyra colonies were the second most susceptible to WS disease, where prevalence reached 33% and lesions progressed at 0.3 mm day−1. Affected colonies of both of these genera suffered considerable partial mortality that was not recovered between years, promoting the fragmentation of larger colonies into smaller size classes. Across the 3 years of our study, the onset of WS outbreaks occurred early in summer and prevalence increased exponentially with cumulative heat exposure (coral community r2 = 0.55, Acropora r2 = 0.72, Platygyra r2 = 0.75). Peak levels of community-wide prevalence occurred in August (10% of all coral colonies) to September (14%) when preceding 4-week and 8-week average temperatures exceeded 34.5 °C and 34 °C, respectively. Outbreaks ceased following the return of cooler temperatures with prevalence remaining below 0.5% between December and June. Levels of bleaching remained relatively low (< 5% prevalence), despite exposure to daily temperatures ≥ 35 °C each summer. These findings demonstrate that thermal stress on coral reefs does not always manifest as coral bleaching and diseases can present as a primary sign of thermal stress. Consequently, temperature-driven outbreaks of coral disease are expected to become more widespread as climate warming pushes corals to be living increasingly closer to their upper thermal limits.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00338-020-01946-2","usgsCitation":"Howells, E., Vaughan, G., Work, T.M., Burt, J., and Abrego, D., 2020, Annual outbreaks of coral disease coincide with extreme seasonal warming: Coral Reefs, v. 39, p. 771-781, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-020-01946-2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"771","endPage":"781","ipdsId":"IP-118154","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":375818,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United Arab Emirates","otherGeospatial":"Saadiyat Island, Sir Bu Nair Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 54.483089447021484,\n 24.585685459954053\n ],\n [\n 54.47038650512695,\n 24.591617065145016\n ],\n [\n 54.40996170043945,\n 24.54243869415631\n ],\n [\n 54.39434051513672,\n 24.544312509374677\n ],\n [\n 54.39004898071289,\n 24.533693853166223\n ],\n [\n 54.412879943847656,\n 24.512297656236697\n ],\n [\n 54.43519592285156,\n 24.510110978302787\n ],\n [\n 54.458885192871094,\n 24.50230110365353\n ],\n [\n 54.46592330932617,\n 24.503082112955468\n ],\n [\n 54.46678161621093,\n 24.53150754771787\n ],\n [\n 54.46729660034179,\n 24.553525027129414\n ],\n [\n 54.483089447021484,\n 24.585685459954053\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 54.187660217285156,\n 25.20618368765908\n ],\n [\n 54.246368408203125,\n 25.20618368765908\n ],\n [\n 54.246368408203125,\n 25.25711665985981\n ],\n [\n 54.187660217285156,\n 25.25711665985981\n ],\n [\n 54.187660217285156,\n 25.20618368765908\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"39","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howells, Emily","contributorId":225444,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Howells","given":"Emily","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":41112,"text":"Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":791235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vaughan, Grace","contributorId":225445,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vaughan","given":"Grace","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":41112,"text":"Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":791236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Work, Thierry M. 0000-0002-4426-9090 thierry_work@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4426-9090","contributorId":1187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Work","given":"Thierry","email":"thierry_work@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":791237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burt, John","contributorId":225446,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burt","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":41112,"text":"Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":791238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Abrego, David","contributorId":225447,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Abrego","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":41113,"text":"Department of Natural Science and Public Health, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":791239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70237093,"text":"70237093 - 2020 - Real-time performance of the PLUM earthquake early warning method during the 2019 M6.4 and M7.1 Ridgecrest, California, Earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-29T15:11:20.640006","indexId":"70237093","displayToPublicDate":"2020-06-01T10:04:14","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Real-time performance of the PLUM earthquake early warning method during the 2019 M6.4 and M7.1 Ridgecrest, California, Earthquakes","docAbstract":"We evaluate the timeliness and accuracy of ground‐motion‐based earthquake early warning (EEW) during the July 2019 M6.4 and 7.1 Ridgecrest earthquakes. In 2018, we began retrospective and internal real‐time testing of the propagation of local undamped motion (PLUM) method for earthquake warning in California, Oregon, and Washington, with the potential that PLUM might one day be included in the ShakeAlert EEW system. A real‐time version of PLUM was running on one of the ShakeAlert EEW system’s development servers at the time of the 2019 Ridgecrest sequence, allowing us to evaluate the timeliness and accuracy of PLUM’s warnings for the M6.4 and 7.1 mainshocks in real time with the actual data availability and latencies of the operational ShakeAlert EEW system. The latter is especially important because high‐data latencies during the M7.1 earthquake degraded ShakeAlert’s performance. PLUM proved to be largely immune to these latencies. In this article, we present a retrospective analysis of PLUM performance and explore three potential regional alerting strategies ranging from spatially large regions (counties), to moderate‐size regions (National Weather Service public forecast zones), to high‐spatial specificity (50 km regular geographic grid). PLUM generated initial shaking forecasts for the two mainshocks 5 and 6 s after their respective origin times, and faster than the ShakeAlert system’s first alerts. PLUM was also able to accurately forecast shaking across southern California for all three alerting strategies studied. As would be expected, a cost‐benefit analysis of each approach illustrates trade‐offs between increasing warning time and minimizing the area receiving unneeded alerts. Choosing an optimal alerting strategy requires knowledge of users’ false alarm tolerance and minimum required warning time for taking protective action, as well as the time required to distribute alerts to users.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120200021","usgsCitation":"Minson, S.E., Saunders, J.K., Bunn, J., Cochran, E.S., Baltay Sundstrom, A.S., Kilb, D.L., Hoshiba, M., and Kodera, Y., 2020, Real-time performance of the PLUM earthquake early warning method during the 2019 M6.4 and M7.1 Ridgecrest, California, Earthquakes: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 110, no. 4, p. 1887-1903, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120200021.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1887","endPage":"1903","ipdsId":"IP-115052","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":456548,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200827-142633476","text":"External Repository"},{"id":407602,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Ridgecrest","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.79335021972655,\n 35.58529318061384\n ],\n [\n -117.55233764648438,\n 35.58529318061384\n ],\n [\n -117.55233764648438,\n 35.70749253887843\n ],\n [\n -117.79335021972655,\n 35.70749253887843\n ],\n [\n -117.79335021972655,\n 35.58529318061384\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"110","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-06-16","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Minson, Sarah E. 0000-0001-5869-3477 sminson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5869-3477","contributorId":5357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minson","given":"Sarah","email":"sminson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":853317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Saunders, Jessie Kate 0000-0001-5340-6715","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5340-6715","contributorId":290634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saunders","given":"Jessie","email":"","middleInitial":"Kate","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":853318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bunn, Julian","contributorId":216379,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bunn","given":"Julian","affiliations":[{"id":13711,"text":"Caltech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":853319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cochran, Elizabeth S. 0000-0003-2485-4484 ecochran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2485-4484","contributorId":2025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochran","given":"Elizabeth","email":"ecochran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":853320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Baltay Sundstrom, Annemarie S. 0000-0002-6514-852X abaltay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6514-852X","contributorId":4932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baltay Sundstrom","given":"Annemarie","email":"abaltay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":853321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kilb, Deborah L.","contributorId":216380,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kilb","given":"Deborah","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":37799,"text":"SCRIPPS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":853322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hoshiba, Mitsuyuki","contributorId":216382,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoshiba","given":"Mitsuyuki","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39398,"text":"JMA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":853323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kodera, Yuki","contributorId":290636,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kodera","given":"Yuki","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39398,"text":"JMA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":853324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70210738,"text":"70210738 - 2020 - Impacts of hydrothermal plume processes on oceanic metal cycles and transport","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-23T14:59:50.64286","indexId":"70210738","displayToPublicDate":"2020-06-01T09:58:16","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2845,"text":"Nature Geoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impacts of hydrothermal plume processes on oceanic metal cycles and transport","docAbstract":"Chemical, physical and biological processes in hydrothermal plumes control the flux of elements from hydrothermal vents to the global oceans. The timescales of these processes range from less than a second, as the hydrothermal fluid mixes with seawater at the seafloor, to decades, as the plume disperses over thousands of kilometers. Integrating hydrothermal geochemistry throughout the lifetime of the plume reveals some well constrained processes, along with many surprises. For instance, contrary to the idea that metals are removed from the hydrothermal plume via oxidation, a survey of recent datasets reveals that oxidation of iron and manganese does not consistently result in their removal from the plume, and that manganese may be lost from the water column more rapidly than iron. These observations suggest that the understanding of element transport in hydrothermal plumes is incomplete, partly due to the change in removal processes as the plume disperses from less than 1 km from the vent to more than 4,000 km. We suggest that characterizing the plume based on regions that retain some reduced components versus those that are fully oxidized, in addition to buoyancy, will illuminate the nature of the dominant processes and allow a more complete understanding of the ultimate fate of hydrothermally derived metals.","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/s41561-020-0579-0","usgsCitation":"Gartman, A., and Findlay, A.J., 2020, Impacts of hydrothermal plume processes on oceanic metal cycles and transport: Nature Geoscience, v. 13, p. 396-402, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-020-0579-0.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"396","endPage":"402","ipdsId":"IP-112031","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":375808,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gartman, Amy 0000-0001-9307-3062 agartman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9307-3062","contributorId":177057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gartman","given":"Amy","email":"agartman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":791186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Findlay, Alyssa J.","contributorId":215547,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Findlay","given":"Alyssa","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":37318,"text":"Aarhus University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":791187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70226825,"text":"70226825 - 2020 - Major-oxide and trace-element geochemical data from rocks collected on Little Sitkin Island, from Little Sitkin Volcano, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-14T15:14:39.043661","indexId":"70226825","displayToPublicDate":"2020-06-01T09:04:41","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9953,"text":"Raw Data File","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"2020-4","title":"Major-oxide and trace-element geochemical data from rocks collected on Little Sitkin Island, from Little Sitkin Volcano, Alaska","docAbstract":"During the 2005 summer field season, geologists Michelle Coombs, Christina Neal, and Jessica Larsen from the University of Alaska, Fairbanks and the U.S. Geological survey, Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) conducted fieldwork on Little Sitkin Island in the western Aleutians of Alaska. The primary purpose of the fieldwork was to install geophysical networks for volcano monitoring. As part of this effort, AVO geologists conducted reconnaissance fieldwork focused primarily on sample collection for geochemistry.
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