Biological invasions threaten species and ecosystems worldwide. Impacts from invasions are especially prevalent in freshwaters, where managers have struggled to contain the problem. Conventional approaches to managing invaders focus on prevention and control. In practice, these measures have proven to be variably effective. Control or eradication of established invaders is particularly difficult and, even if ecologically feasible, it may not be socially desirable. Here we propose a new alternative to managing invasive species: managing impact modifiers (MIM). The MIM approach focuses on managing impacts, rather than controlling the invader directly. We reviewed the literature for the world's worst invasive fishes in freshwaters to show there is strong evidence to support the potential for MIM as an effective means of managing impacts of invasions. This included evidence pointing to characteristics of the environment or species themselves that modify impacts of invasions. Detail of three case studies reinforces the potential for MIM as a viable option. Although MIM appears promising, effective application could involve significant investment in an information gathering phase to identify impact modifiers and the means to manage them. Accordingly, MIM is best incorporated into management plans that include a strong learning or adaptive component. Ultimately, MIM may be one of the only viable alternatives for managing invasive species that are truly out of control.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/wat2.1476","usgsCitation":"Dunham, J., Arismendi, I., Murphy, C., Koeberle, A., Olivos, J.A., Pearson, J.B., Pickens, F., Roon, D., and Stevenson, J.R., 2020, What to do when invaders are out of control?: WIREs Water, v. 7, no. 5, e1476, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1476.","productDescription":"e1476, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-115614","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":420940,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-08-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dunham, Jason 0000-0002-6268-0633","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6268-0633","contributorId":220078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunham","given":"Jason","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":883365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arismendi, Ivan 0000-0002-8774-9350","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8774-9350","contributorId":202207,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arismendi","given":"Ivan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":883366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murphy, Christina","contributorId":329814,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murphy","given":"Christina","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":883367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Koeberle, Alex","contributorId":329815,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koeberle","given":"Alex","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":883368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Olivos, J Andres","contributorId":329816,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olivos","given":"J","email":"","middleInitial":"Andres","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":883369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pearson, James B","contributorId":221480,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pearson","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"B","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":883370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pickens, Francisco","contributorId":329817,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pickens","given":"Francisco","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":883371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Roon, David","contributorId":257063,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roon","given":"David","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":883372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Stevenson, John R.","contributorId":147936,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stevenson","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":883373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70216784,"text":"70216784 - 2020 - Slender salamanders (genus Batrachoseps) reveal Southern California to be a center for the diversification, persistence, and introduction of salamander lineages","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-07T16:47:28.057194","indexId":"70216784","displayToPublicDate":"2020-08-14T10:37:32","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3840,"text":"PeerJ","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Slender salamanders (genus Batrachoseps) reveal Southern California to be a center for the diversification, persistence, and introduction of salamander lineages","title":"Slender salamanders (genus Batrachoseps) reveal Southern California to be a center for the diversification, persistence, and introduction of salamander lineages","docAbstract":"The southern California biodiversity hotspot has had a complex geological history, with both plate tectonic forces and sea level changes repeatedly reconfiguring the region, and likely driving both lineage splittings and extinctions. Here we investigate patterns of genetic divergence in two species of slender salamanders (Plethodontidae: Batrachoseps) in this region. The complex geological history in combination with several organismal traits led us to predict that these species harbor multiple ancient mitochondrial lineages endemic to southern California. These species belong to a clade characterized by fine-scale mitochondrial structure, which has been shown to track ancient splits. Both focal species, Batrachoseps major and B. nigriventris, are relatively widely distributed in southern California, and estimated to have persisted there across millions of years. Recently several extralimital populations of Batrachoseps were found in the San Joaquin Valley of California, a former desert area that has been extensively modified for agriculture. The origins of these populations are unknown, but based on morphology, they are hypothesized to result from human-mediated introductions of B. major.
We sequenced the mitochondrial gene cytochrome b from a geographically comprehensive sampling of the mitochondrial lineages of B. major and B. nigriventris that are endemic to southern California. We used phylogenetic analyses to characterize phylogeographic structure and identify mitochondrial contact zones. We also included the San Joaquin Valley samples to test whether they resulted from introductions. We used a bootstrap resampling approach to compare the strength of isolation-by-distance in both Batrachoseps species and four other salamander species with which they co-occur in southern California.
The northern lineage of B. major harbors at least eight deeply differentiated, geographically cohesive mitochondrial subclades. We identify geographic contact between many of these mtDNA lineages and some biogeographic features that are concordant with lineage boundaries. Batrachoseps nigriventris also has multiple deeply differentiated clades within the region. Comparative analyses highlight the smaller spatial scales over which mitochondrial divergence accumulates in Batrachoseps relative to most other salamander species in southern California. The extralimital populations of Batrachoseps from the San Joaquin Valley are assigned to B. major and are shown to result from at least two independent introductions from different source populations. We also suggest that B. major on Catalina Island, where it is considered native, may be the result of an introduction. Some of the same traits that facilitate the build-up of deep phylogeographic structure in Batrachoseps likely also contribute to its propensity for introductions, and we anticipate that additional introduced populations will be discovered.
","language":"English","publisher":"PeerJ","doi":"10.7717/peerj.9599","usgsCitation":"Jockusch, E.L., Hansen, R.W., Fisher, R.N., and Wake, D., 2020, Slender salamanders (genus Batrachoseps) reveal Southern California to be a center for the diversification, persistence, and introduction of salamander lineages: PeerJ, v. 8, e9599, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9599.","productDescription":"e9599, 37 p.","ipdsId":"IP-119579","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455632,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9599","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":381041,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.09228515624999,\n 32.54681317351514\n ],\n [\n -115.411376953125,\n 32.731840896865684\n ],\n [\n -116.34521484375001,\n 34.23451236236987\n ],\n [\n -116.378173828125,\n 35.42486791930558\n ],\n [\n -118.377685546875,\n 36.94989178681327\n ],\n [\n -119.86083984375,\n 37.76202988573211\n ],\n [\n -121.08032226562499,\n 38.556757147352215\n ],\n [\n -122.618408203125,\n 39.436192999314095\n ],\n [\n -123.804931640625,\n 42.00848901572399\n ],\n [\n -124.23339843749999,\n 41.95949009892467\n ],\n [\n -124.112548828125,\n 41.40153558289846\n ],\n [\n -124.45312499999999,\n 40.38839687388361\n ],\n [\n -124.12353515624999,\n 40.002371935876475\n ],\n [\n -123.804931640625,\n 39.49556336059472\n ],\n [\n -123.958740234375,\n 39.30029918615029\n ],\n [\n -123.760986328125,\n 38.95940879245423\n ],\n [\n -122.80517578125,\n 37.91820111976663\n ],\n [\n -122.15698242187499,\n 36.96744946416934\n ],\n [\n -121.83837890625,\n 36.32397712011264\n ],\n [\n -121.17919921875001,\n 35.523285179107816\n ],\n [\n -120.7177734375,\n 35.0120020431607\n ],\n [\n -120.684814453125,\n 34.58799745550482\n ],\n [\n -120.4541015625,\n 33.815666308702774\n ],\n [\n -118.57543945312501,\n 32.54681317351514\n ],\n [\n -117.09228515624999,\n 32.54681317351514\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-08-14","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jockusch, Elizabeth L","contributorId":245467,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jockusch","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"L","affiliations":[{"id":36942,"text":"University of California, Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":806243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hansen, Robert W","contributorId":245468,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hansen","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"W","affiliations":[{"id":36942,"text":"University of California, Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":806244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240 rfisher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":1529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert","email":"rfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":806245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wake, David B","contributorId":245469,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wake","given":"David B","affiliations":[{"id":36942,"text":"University of California, Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":806246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70212610,"text":"70212610 - 2020 - Winter survival of female Ring-Necked Ducks in the Southern Atlantic Flyway","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-28T15:53:05.262236","indexId":"70212610","displayToPublicDate":"2020-08-14T09:00:29","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Winter survival of female Ring-Necked Ducks in the Southern Atlantic Flyway","docAbstract":"North American waterfowl harvest regulations are largely guided by the status of breeding populations. Nonetheless, understanding the demographics of wintering waterfowl populations can elucidate the effects of hunting pressure on population dynamics. The ring‐necked duck (Aythya collaris) breeds and winters in all North American administrative flyways and is one of the most abundant and most harvested diving ducks in the Atlantic Flyway. But few studies have investigated the winter ecology of ring‐necked ducks. We used a known‐fate analysis to estimate period survival probability using data from 87 female ring‐necked ducks marked with satellite transmitters in 2 regions of the southern Atlantic Flyway during winters of 2017–2018 and 2018–2019. Winter (128‐day) survival probability was higher for individuals in the Red Hills region of southern Georgia and northern Florida (0.875, 95% CI = 0.691–0.952) than individuals in central South Carolina (0.288, 95% CI = 0.082–0.514). We attribute the regional disparity in winter survival probabilities to differences in hunting pressure, which are reflected in the number of harvests we observed in each region. Our findings warrant further investigation into regional variation in winter survival of southern Atlantic Flyway ring‐necked ducks, and, specifically, the relationship between variable harvest pressure and winter survival and its influence on ring‐necked duck population dynamics and adaptive harvest management decisions.
Declines among species of insect pollinators, especially butterflies, has garnered attention from scientists and managers. Often these declines have spurred governments to declare some species as threatened or endangered. We used existing presence–absence data from surveys for the threatened Dakota skipper Hesperia dacotae (Skinner) to build statistical maps of species presence that could be used to inform future monitoring designs. We developed a hierarchical Bayesian modeling approach to estimate the spatial distribution and temporal trend in Dakota skipper probability of presence. Our model included a spatial random effect and fixed effects for the proportion of two grassland habitat types: those on well-drained soils and those on poorly drained soils; as well as the topographic slope. The results from this model were then used to assess sampling strategies with two different monitoring objectives: locating new Dakota skipper colonies or monitoring the proportion of historically (pre-2000) extant colonies. Our modeling results suggested that the distribution of Dakota skippers followed the distribution of remnant grasslands and that probabilities of presence tended to be higher in topographically diverse grasslands with well-drained soils. Our analysis also showed that the probability of presence declined throughout the northern Great Plains range. Our simulations of the different sampling designs suggested that new detections were expected when sampling where Dakota skippers likely occurred historically, but this may lead to a tradeoff with monitoring existing sites. Prior information about the extant sites may help to ameliorate this tradeoff.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/ee/nvaa081","usgsCitation":"Post van der Burg, M., Austin, J.E., Wiltermuth, M.T., Newton, W.E., and MacDonald, G.J., 2020, Capturing spatiotemporal patterns in presence-absence data to inform monitoring and sampling designs for the threatened Dakota skipper (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) in the Great Plains of the United States: Environmental Entomology, v. 49, no. 5, p. 1252-1261, https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvaa081.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1252","endPage":"1261","ipdsId":"IP-113665","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455635,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvaa081","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":377598,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa, Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.72412109375,\n 42.68243539838623\n ],\n [\n -91.91162109375,\n 42.89206418807337\n ],\n [\n -91.318359375,\n 43.30919109985686\n ],\n [\n -91.51611328125,\n 43.83452678223682\n ],\n [\n -92.900390625,\n 44.85586880735725\n ],\n [\n -93.0322265625,\n 45.78284835197676\n ],\n [\n -94.68017578125,\n 48.647427805533546\n ],\n [\n -95.77880859375,\n 48.951366470947725\n ],\n [\n -103.90869140625,\n 48.951366470947725\n ],\n [\n -100.39306640625,\n 43.35713822211053\n ],\n [\n -94.72412109375,\n 42.68243539838623\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"49","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-08-14","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Post van der Burg, Max 0000-0002-3943-4194 maxpostvanderburg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3943-4194","contributorId":4947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Post van der Burg","given":"Max","email":"maxpostvanderburg@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":796623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Austin, Jane E. 0000-0001-8775-2210 jaustin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8775-2210","contributorId":146411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Austin","given":"Jane","email":"jaustin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":796624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wiltermuth, Mark T. 0000-0002-8871-2816 mwiltermuth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8871-2816","contributorId":708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiltermuth","given":"Mark","email":"mwiltermuth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":796625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Newton, Wesley E. 0000-0002-1377-043X wnewton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1377-043X","contributorId":3661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newton","given":"Wesley","email":"wnewton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":796626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"MacDonald, Garrett J. 0000-0002-9487-7721","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9487-7721","contributorId":238820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacDonald","given":"Garrett","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":796627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70212556,"text":"70212556 - 2020 - Quantifying ecospace utilization and ecosystemengineering during the early Phanerozoic—The role of bioturbation and bioerosion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-21T12:36:32.034129","indexId":"70212556","displayToPublicDate":"2020-08-14T08:33:09","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5010,"text":"Science Advances","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying ecospace utilization and ecosystemengineering during the early Phanerozoic—The role of bioturbation and bioerosion","docAbstract":"The Cambrian explosion (CE) and the great Ordovician biodiversification event (GOBE) are the two most important radiations in Paleozoic oceans. We quantify the role of bioturbation and bioerosion in ecospace utilization and ecosystem engineering using information from 1367 stratigraphic units. An increase in all diversity metrics is demonstrated for the Ediacaran-Cambrian transition, followed by a decrease in most values during the middle to late Cambrian, and by a more modest increase during the Ordovician. A marked increase in ichnodiversity and ichnodisparity of bioturbation is shown during the CE and of bioerosion during the GOBE. Innovations took place first in offshore settings and later expanded into marginal-marine, nearshore, deep-water, and carbonate environments. This study highlights the importance of the CE, despite its Ediacaran roots. Differences in infaunalization in offshore and shelf paleoenvironments favor the hypothesis of early Cambrian wedge-shaped oxygen minimum zones instead of a horizontally stratified ocean.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.abb0618","usgsCitation":"Buatois, L.A., Mangano, M.G., Minter, N.J., Zhou, K., Wisshak, M., Wilson, M.A., and Olea, R., 2020, Quantifying ecospace utilization and ecosystemengineering during the early Phanerozoic—The role of bioturbation and bioerosion: Science Advances, v. 6, no. 33, eabb0618, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb0618.","productDescription":"eabb0618, 12 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-117225","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455638,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb0618","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":377682,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"33","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buatois, Luis A. 0000-0001-9523-750X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9523-750X","contributorId":195823,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buatois","given":"Luis","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":35641,"text":"Kansas Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mangano, M. Gabriela 0000-0001-8747-6033","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8747-6033","contributorId":238882,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mangano","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Gabriela","affiliations":[{"id":13248,"text":"University of Saskatchewan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Minter, Nicholas J 0000-0002-4246-8539","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4246-8539","contributorId":238883,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Minter","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[{"id":38839,"text":"University of Portsmouth","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zhou, Kai","contributorId":238884,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhou","given":"Kai","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13248,"text":"University of Saskatchewan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wisshak, Max 0000-0001-7531-3317","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7531-3317","contributorId":238885,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wisshak","given":"Max","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":47815,"text":"Senckenberg am Meer: Wilhelmshaven, Niedersachsen, DE","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wilson, Mark A. 0000-0002-4651-0589","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4651-0589","contributorId":208038,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilson","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37683,"text":"College of Wooster, OH","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Olea, Ricardo A. 0000-0003-4308-0808","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4308-0808","contributorId":224285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olea","given":"Ricardo A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":796855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70211972,"text":"sir20205089 - 2020 - Status of groundwater-level altitudes and long-term groundwater-level changes in the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper aquifers, Houston-Galveston region, Texas, 2020","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-14T14:22:37.455961","indexId":"sir20205089","displayToPublicDate":"2020-08-13T12:39:14","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2020-5089","displayTitle":"Status of Groundwater-Level Altitudes and Long-Term Groundwater-Level Changes in the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper Aquifers, Houston-Galveston Region, Texas, 2020","title":"Status of groundwater-level altitudes and long-term groundwater-level changes in the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper aquifers, Houston-Galveston region, Texas, 2020","docAbstract":"Since the early 1900s, most of the groundwater withdrawals in the Houston-Galveston region, Texas, have been from the three primary aquifers that compose the Gulf Coast aquifer system—the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper aquifers. Withdrawals from these aquifers are used for municipal supply, commercial and industrial use, and irrigation. This report, prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Harris-Galveston Subsidence District, City of Houston, Fort Bend Subsidence District, Lone Star Groundwater Conservation District, and Brazoria County Groundwater Conservation District, is one in an annual series of reports depicting the status of groundwater-level altitudes and long-term groundwater-level changes in the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper aquifers in the Houston-Galveston region. This report contains regional-scale maps depicting approximate 2020 groundwater-level altitudes (represented by measurements made during December 2019 through March 2020) and long-term groundwater-level changes in the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper aquifers.
In 2020, groundwater-level-altitude contours for the Chicot aquifer ranged from 150 feet (ft) below the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (hereinafter referred to as “datum”) to 200 ft above datum. The 1977–2020 groundwater-level-change contours for the Chicot aquifer depict a large area of decline in groundwater-level altitudes (120 ft) in northwestern Harris County. The largest rise in groundwater-level altitudes in the Chicot aquifer from 1977 to 2020 (200 ft) was in southeastern Harris County.
In 2020, groundwater-level-altitude contours for the Evangeline aquifer ranged from 250 ft below datum to 200 ft above datum. The 1977–2020 groundwater-level-change contours for the Evangeline aquifer depict broad areas where groundwater-level altitudes either declined or rose. The largest decline in groundwater-level altitudes (280 ft) was in southern Montgomery and northern Harris Counties. The largest rise in groundwater-level altitudes in the Evangeline aquifer from 1977 to 2020 (240 ft) was in southeastern Harris County.
In 2020, groundwater-level-altitude contours for the Jasper aquifer ranged from 200 ft below datum to 250 ft above datum. The 2000–20 groundwater-level-change contours for the Jasper aquifer depict groundwater-level declines throughout most of the study area where groundwater-level-altitude data from the Jasper aquifer were collected, with the largest decline (220 ft) in southern Montgomery County.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20205089","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Harris-Galveston Subsidence District, City of Houston, Fort Bend Subsidence District, Lone Star Groundwater Conservation District, and Brazoria County Groundwater Conservation District","usgsCitation":"Braun, C.L., and Ramage, J.K., 2020, Status of groundwater-level altitudes and long-term groundwater-level changes in the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper aquifers, Houston-Galveston region, Texas, 2020: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2020–5089, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20205089.","productDescription":"Report: v, 18 p.; 2 Data Releases","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-118353","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":377449,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5089/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":377450,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5089/sir20205089.pdf","text":"Report","size":"13.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2020–5089"},{"id":377451,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P90EJL2E","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Depth to groundwater measured from wells completed in the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper aquifers, Houston-Galveston region, Texas, 2020"},{"id":377452,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P98IX48O","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Groundwater-level altitudes and long-term groundwater-level changes in the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper aquifers, Houston-Galveston region, Texas, 2020"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Galveston, Houston","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.35882568359375,\n 29.556734316910855\n ],\n [\n -94.79827880859375,\n 30.107117887092357\n ],\n [\n -95.39154052734374,\n 30.401306519203583\n ],\n [\n -95.635986328125,\n 30.61191363386011\n ],\n [\n -95.86395263671875,\n 30.774878871959746\n ],\n [\n -96.6412353515625,\n 30.09286062952815\n ],\n [\n -95.70465087890625,\n 28.72190478475891\n ],\n [\n -94.35882568359375,\n 29.556734316910855\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1505 Ferguson Lane
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The North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) has been the cornerstone of continental bird conservation and management for hundreds of North American bird species in the United States and Canada for more than 50 years. This strategic plan was developed in collaboration with key partners and stakeholders and charts the ambitious course for the BBS over the next decade (2020–30). Using this plan as a guide, the BBS program will set out to improve the breadth and depth of standardized data collection and analytical products; ensure its products are widely used and recognized as the authoritative source for long-term population change information for most birds; and secure adequate resources, internally and through partnerships, to realize the expanded vision of the BBS intended to support avian management needs through 2030.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1466","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey and Canadian Wildlife Service, 2020, Strategic Plan for the North American Breeding Bird Survey, 2020–30: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1466, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1466. [Supersedes USGS Circular 1307.]","productDescription":"vi, 10 p.","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-118858","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":377479,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1466/cir1466.pdf","text":"Report","size":"24.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"CIR 1466"},{"id":377478,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1466/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, Mexico, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.2412109375,\n 14.647368383896632\n ],\n [\n -92.2412109375,\n 15.623036831528264\n ],\n [\n -91.2744140625,\n 16.04581345375217\n ],\n [\n -90.2197265625,\n 16.25686733062344\n ],\n [\n -91.0986328125,\n 17.22475820662464\n ],\n [\n -90.9228515625,\n 17.811456088564483\n ],\n [\n -88.681640625,\n 17.97873309555617\n ],\n [\n -88.11035156249999,\n 18.521283325496277\n ],\n [\n -87.4951171875,\n 18.22935133838668\n ],\n [\n -84.9462890625,\n 23.36242859340884\n ],\n [\n -80.068359375,\n 25.20494115356912\n ],\n [\n -79.62890625,\n 26.902476886279832\n ],\n [\n -80.68359375,\n 31.12819929911196\n ],\n [\n -73.8720703125,\n 36.24427318493909\n ],\n [\n -73.30078125,\n 39.9434364619742\n ],\n [\n -62.666015625,\n 44.24519901522129\n ],\n [\n -51.85546874999999,\n 46.76996843356982\n ],\n [\n -55.9423828125,\n 53.9560855309879\n ],\n [\n -63.720703125,\n 60.994423108456154\n ],\n [\n -60.90820312499999,\n 67.1016555307692\n ],\n [\n -77.16796875,\n 74.83343569581844\n ],\n [\n -73.4326171875,\n 78.98818668348777\n ],\n [\n -64.1162109375,\n 81.38765019536312\n ],\n [\n -60.42480468749999,\n 82.40823147725087\n ],\n [\n -65.4345703125,\n 83.06346888871603\n ],\n [\n -78.486328125,\n 83.22606748157787\n ],\n [\n -91.845703125,\n 82.08819592233118\n ],\n [\n -108.28125,\n 79.16307540424508\n ],\n [\n -114.12597656249999,\n 78.62133875728088\n ],\n [\n -128.49609375,\n 74.98218270428184\n ],\n [\n -130.078125,\n 71.32895017791999\n ],\n [\n -134.208984375,\n 70.46620742226558\n ],\n [\n -137.724609375,\n 69.41124235697256\n ],\n [\n -155.7421875,\n 71.93815765811694\n ],\n [\n -167.431640625,\n 69.00567519658819\n ],\n [\n -168.22265625,\n 65.14611484756372\n ],\n [\n -172.705078125,\n 63.54855223203644\n ],\n [\n -168.48632812499997,\n 52.908902047770255\n ],\n [\n -160.927734375,\n 54.57206165565852\n ],\n [\n -145.546875,\n 59.80063426102869\n ],\n [\n -138.076171875,\n 57.844750992891\n ],\n [\n -133.2421875,\n 52.16045455774706\n ],\n [\n -125.595703125,\n 47.931066347509784\n ],\n [\n -124.27734374999999,\n 44.902577996288876\n ],\n [\n -124.892578125,\n 42.5530802889558\n ],\n [\n -125.33203125,\n 40.64730356252251\n ],\n [\n -123.48632812499999,\n 36.66841891894786\n ],\n [\n -117.861328125,\n 31.57853542647338\n ],\n [\n -115.31249999999999,\n 27.137368359795584\n ],\n [\n -108.10546875,\n 21.207458730482642\n ],\n [\n -100.986328125,\n 16.04581345375217\n ],\n [\n -92.2412109375,\n 14.647368383896632\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publicComments":"Circular 1466 supersedes Circular 1307.","contact":"Director, Eastern Ecological Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
12100 Beech Forest Road
Laurel, MD 20708-4039
Biodiversity loss is a major threat to the integrity of ecosystems and is projected to worsen, yet the path to successful conservation remains elusive. Decision support frameworks (DSFs) are increasingly applied by resource managers to navigate the complexity, uncertainty, and differing socio-ecological objectives inherent to conservation problems. Most published conservation research that uses DSFs focuses on analytical stages (e.g., identifying an optimal decision), making it difficult to assess and learn from previous examples in a conservation practice context. Here, we (1) evaluate the relationship between the application of decision science and the resulting conservation outcomes, and (2) identify and address existing barriers to the application of DSFs to conservation practice. To do this, we develop a framework for evaluating conservation initiatives using decision science that emphasizes setting attainable goals, building momentum, and obtaining partner buy-in. We apply this framework to a systematic review of amphibian conservation decision support projects, including a follow-up survey of the pertinent conservation practitioners, stakeholders, and scientists. We found that all projects identified optimal solutions to reach stated objectives, but positive conservation outcomes were limited when implementation challenges arose. Further, we identified multiple barriers (e.g., dynamic and hierarchical leadership, scale complexity, limited resource availability) that can inhibit the progression from decision identification to action implementation (i.e., ‘decision-implementation gap’), and to successful conservation outcomes. Based on these results, we provide potential actionable steps and avenues for future development of DSFs to facilitate the transition from decision to action and the realization of conservation successes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108698","usgsCitation":"Wright, A., Bernard, R.F., Mosher, B.A., O'Donnell, K., Braunagel, T., DiRenzo, G.V., Fleming, J.E., Shafer, C., Brand, A.B., Zipkin, E.F., and Campbell Grant, E.H., 2020, Moving from decision to action in conservation science: Biological Conservation, v. 249, 108698, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108698.","productDescription":"108698, 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-118950","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455642,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108698","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":377726,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"249","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, Alexander","contributorId":238924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wright","given":"Alexander","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bernard, Riley F 0000-0002-1321-3625","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1321-3625","contributorId":238925,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bernard","given":"Riley","email":"","middleInitial":"F","affiliations":[{"id":7260,"text":"Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mosher, Brittany A.","contributorId":189579,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mosher","given":"Brittany","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":796897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O'Donnell, Katherine 0000-0001-9023-174X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9023-174X","contributorId":216367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Donnell","given":"Katherine","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":796898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Braunagel, Taylor","contributorId":238929,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Braunagel","given":"Taylor","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34616,"text":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"DiRenzo, Graziella V.","contributorId":192177,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DiRenzo","given":"Graziella","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":796900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fleming, Jillian Elizabeth 0000-0003-2570-914X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2570-914X","contributorId":238931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleming","given":"Jillian","email":"","middleInitial":"Elizabeth","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":796901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Shafer, Charles 0000-0002-1864-2461 cshafer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1864-2461","contributorId":238932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafer","given":"Charles","email":"cshafer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":796902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Brand, Adrianne B. 0000-0003-2664-0041 abrand@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2664-0041","contributorId":3352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brand","given":"Adrianne","email":"abrand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":796903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Zipkin, Elise F. 0000-0003-4155-6139","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4155-6139","contributorId":192755,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zipkin","given":"Elise","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Campbell Grant, Evan H. 0000-0003-4401-6496 ehgrant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4401-6496","contributorId":150443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell Grant","given":"Evan","email":"ehgrant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":796905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70214473,"text":"70214473 - 2020 - Biological effects of hydrocarbon degradation intermediates: Is the total petroleum hydrocarbon analytical method adequate for risk assessment?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-28T12:57:15.308453","indexId":"70214473","displayToPublicDate":"2020-08-13T07:42:50","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biological effects of hydrocarbon degradation intermediates: Is the total petroleum hydrocarbon analytical method adequate for risk assessment?","docAbstract":"In crude oil contaminant plumes, the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is mainly hydrocarbon degradation intermediates only partly quantified by the diesel range total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPHd) method. To understand potential biological effects of degradation intermediates, we tested three fractions of DOC: (1) solid-phase extract (HLB); (2) dichloromethane (DCM-total) extract used in TPHd; and (3) DCM extract with hydrocarbons isolated by silica gel cleanup (DCM-SGC). Bioactivity of extracts from five wells spanning a range of DOC was tested using an in vitro multiplex reporter system that evaluates modulation of the activity of 46 transcription factors; extracts were evaluated at concentrations equivalent to the well water samples. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and pregnane X receptor (PXR) transcription factors showed the greatest upregulation, with HLB exceeding DCM-total, and no upregulation in the hydrocarbon fraction (DCM-SGC). The HLB extracts were further studied with HepG2 chemically activated luciferase expression (CALUX) in vitro assays at nine concentrations ranging from 40 to 0.01 times the well water concentrations. Responses decreased with distance from the source but were still present at two wells without detectable hydrocarbons. Thus, our in vitro assay results indicate that risks associated with degradation intermediates of hydrocarbons in groundwater will be underestimated when protocols that remove these chemicals are employed.
Constraining the subsurface structural geometry of the central Himalaya continues to prove difficult, even after the 2015 Gorkha earthquake and the resulting insights into the trajectory of the Main Himalayan thrust (MHT). To this end, we apply a thermokinematic model to evaluate four possible balanced cross section geometries based on three estimates of the MHT in central Nepal. We compare the effect of different décollement and duplex geometries on predicted cooling ages and compare these to new and published ages. We find that the best‐fit geometry able to reproduce the cooling ages at the surface is a hinterland‐dipping duplex, which has been translated over a mid‐crustal ramp located ~110 km north of the Main Frontal thrust. We find that the temporal evolution of the duplex and MHT mid‐crustal ramp both play an integral role in producing the observed cooling ages, implying that the common assumption that the active décollement and ramp geometry solely control the distribution of cooling ages is incorrect. Furthermore, results indicate that the Ramgarh‐Munsiari thrust was emplaced between 17 and ~10 Ma, followed by the Trishuli thrust. Duplex growth occurs between 6.5 Ma and 0.75 Ma, with its constituent thrust sheets moving at variable rates between 10 – 42 mm/yr. Young out‐of‐sequence thrusting (5 km of displacement) in the hinterland produces a slightly improved fit to the cooling ages. Finally, the resulting thermal field modeled from our best‐fit geometry suggests a possible basis for the nucleation and rupture characteristics of the Gorkha earthquake.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2020TC006399","usgsCitation":"Ghoshal, S., McQuarrie, N., Robinson, D., Adhikari, D., Morgan, L.E., and Ehlers, T.A., 2020, Constraining central Himalayan (Nepal) fault geometry through integrated thermochronology and thermokinematic modeling: Tectonics, v. 39, no. 9, e2020TC006399, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2020TC006399.","productDescription":"e2020TC006399, 33 p.","ipdsId":"IP-106082","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":436820,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9FA0HI0","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Argon data for Nepal"},{"id":378320,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Nepal","otherGeospatial":"Himalayan Fault","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 88.08837890625,\n 27.839076094777816\n ],\n [\n 86.627197265625,\n 28.033197847676377\n ],\n [\n 84.737548828125,\n 28.69058765425071\n ],\n [\n 81.815185546875,\n 30.477082932837682\n ],\n [\n 81.353759765625,\n 30.306503259848835\n ],\n [\n 81.353759765625,\n 28.613459424004414\n ],\n [\n 83.902587890625,\n 27.010196431931526\n ],\n [\n 87.1875,\n 26.10612083235552\n ],\n [\n 89.033203125,\n 26.204734267107604\n ],\n [\n 88.79150390625,\n 27.303451991034542\n ],\n [\n 88.736572265625,\n 27.994401411046148\n ],\n [\n 88.08837890625,\n 27.839076094777816\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"39","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ghoshal, Surydoy","contributorId":237864,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ghoshal","given":"Surydoy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":47628,"text":"Department of Geology and Environmental Sciences, University of Pittsburgh","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":795489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McQuarrie, Nadine","contributorId":193432,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McQuarrie","given":"Nadine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":795490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robinson, Delores","contributorId":237866,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robinson","given":"Delores","affiliations":[{"id":47629,"text":"University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":795491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Adhikari, D.P.","contributorId":237868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adhikari","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16728,"text":"Tribhuvan University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":795492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Morgan, Leah E. 0000-0001-9930-524X lemorgan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9930-524X","contributorId":176174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"Leah","email":"lemorgan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":795493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ehlers, Todd A.","contributorId":206718,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ehlers","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37382,"text":"University of Tübingen","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":795494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70211862,"text":"sir20205060 - 2020 - Flood-inundation maps for Dardenne Creek in St. Charles County, Missouri, 2019","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-12T23:31:17.152064","indexId":"sir20205060","displayToPublicDate":"2020-08-12T14:12:35","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2020-5060","displayTitle":"Flood-Inundation Maps for Dardenne Creek in St. Charles County, Missouri, 2019","title":"Flood-inundation maps for Dardenne Creek in St. Charles County, Missouri, 2019","docAbstract":"Digital flood-inundation maps for a 9.9-mile reach of Dardenne Creek, St. Charles County, Missouri, were created by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Transportation, St. Charles County, and the Cities of O’Fallon and St. Peters, Mo. The flood-inundation maps, which can be accessed through the USGS Flood Inundation Mapping Program website at https://www.usgs.gov/mission-areas/water-resources/science/flood-inundation-mapping-fim-program, depict estimates of the areal extent and depth of flooding corresponding to selected water levels (stages) at the USGS streamgages 05514860 Dardenne Creek at Old Town St. Peters, Mo., and 05587450 Mississippi River at Grafton, Illinois. Near-real-time stages at these streamgages may be obtained from the USGS National Water Information System at https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN or the National Weather Service Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service at https://water.weather.gov/ ahps2/ hydrograph.php? wfo= lsx&gage= drcm7 and https://water.weather.gov/ ahps2/ hydrograph.php? wfo= lsx&gage= grfi2, which also forecasts flood hydrographs at these sites (sites DRCM7 and GRFI2).
Flood profiles were computed for the Dardenne Creek stream reach by means of a one-dimensional model for simulating water-surface profiles with steady-state flow computations. The model was calibrated by using the current stage-streamflow relation at the USGS streamgages 05514840 Dardenne Creek at O’Fallon, Mo., and 05514860 Dardenne Creek at Old Town St. Peters, Mo., and the documented high-water marks from the flood of December 2015.
The hydraulic model was then used to compute 17 water-surface profiles for flood stages at 1-foot (ft) intervals referenced to the streamgage datum and ranging from 16 ft, or near bankfull, to 32 ft at the reference streamgage 05514860. Stages in the lower Dardenne Creek can be affected by backwater from the Mississippi River; therefore, several sets of water-surface profiles were developed representing the extent of varying levels of backwater as referenced to the USGS streamgage 05587450 on the Mississippi River at Grafton, Ill. The upper stage for each map library exceeds the stage corresponding to the estimated 0.2-percent annual exceedance probability flood (500-year recurrence interval flood) at the streamgage location. The simulated water-surface profiles were then combined with a geographic information system digital elevation model (derived from light detection and ranging data having a 0.26-ft vertical accuracy and 0.71-ft horizontal resolution) to delineate the area flooded at each water level.
The availability of these maps, along with real-time information regarding current stage from the USGS streamgage and forecasted high-flow stages from the National Weather Service, will provide emergency management personnel and residents with information that is critical for flood mitigation, preparedness and planning, flood-response activities such as evacuations and road closures, and postflood recovery efforts.
Director, Central Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1400 Independence Road
Rolla, MO 65401
As part of CRMS, Digital Orthophoto Quarter Quadrangles (DOQQs) for the coastal region of Louisiana are created for years when coastwide land-water classifications are required. A DOQQ is a raster image in which displacement in the image caused by sensor orientation and terrain relief has been corrected. These images combine the image characteristics of a photo with the geometric qualities of a map. The DOQQs generated for this project consist of four components or spectral bands of information: blue, green, red and very-near infrared (VNIR). These images are referred to as Color Infrared (CIR) digital imagery.
CRMS site-level assessments of land-water coverage will be based off of color-infrared photography acquired for coastal Louisiana and clipped to each 1-km2 CRMS-Wetlands site. Unless otherwise noted as a specific preliminary condition, all vegetation such as scrub-shrub, emergent vegetation, and forested areas will fall under the land classification, while open water, non-vegetated, regularly flooded mud flats, and aquatic vegetation beds will be characterized as water.
CRMS imagery contracts are managed and issued by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Wetland and Aquatic Research Center.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"A standard operating procedures manual for the Coastwide Reference Monitoring System-Wetlands and the System-Wide Assessment and Monitoring Program: Methods for site establishment, data collection, and quality assurance/quality control","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Louisiana Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority","collaboration":"Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority of Louisiana","usgsCitation":"Folse, T.M., McGinnis, T., Sharp, L.A., West, J.L., Hymel, M.K., Troutman, J.P., Weifenbach, D., Boshart, W.M., Rodrigue, L.B., Richardi, D.C., Wood, W.B., Miller, C.M., Robinson, E.M., Freeman, A.M., Stagg, C., Couvillion, B., and Beck, H., 2020, Imagery, 5 p.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"10-1","endPage":"10-5","ipdsId":"IP-120085","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":408494,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":408446,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://cims.coastal.louisiana.gov/RecordDetail.aspx?Root=0&sid=24216"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.934326171875,\n 30.07860131571654\n ],\n [\n -89.571533203125,\n 30.20211367909724\n ],\n [\n -89.813232421875,\n 30.685163937659564\n ],\n [\n -89.736328125,\n 31.034108344903512\n ],\n [\n -91.549072265625,\n 30.996445897426373\n ],\n [\n -91.77978515625,\n 30.977609093348686\n ],\n [\n -91.7578125,\n 30.552800413453546\n ],\n [\n -93.71337890625,\n 30.477082932837682\n ],\n [\n -93.80126953124999,\n 29.954934549656144\n ],\n [\n -93.93310546875,\n 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Imagine a single month of earthquake data delivery, serving 3.6 billion total data requests, including 29 million pageviews by 7.1 million users, 606 million automated data feeds, and 45 million catalog downloads. Yet, some challenges and lapses in delivery have happened at critical times, including during the Ridgecrest earthquakes in 2019. We delve into the evolving demand for real‐time information as well as the technologies put in place to support the ever‐growing number of users in an increasingly mobile world.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0220200130","usgsCitation":"Leith, W.S., Fee, J., Martinez, E.M., and Lastowka, L.A., 2020, Now trending … Earthquake information: Seismological Research Letters, v. 91, no. 5, p. 2900-2903, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220200130.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"2900","endPage":"2903","ipdsId":"IP-119902","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":387630,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-08-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leith, William S. 0000-0002-3463-3119","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3463-3119","contributorId":261659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leith","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":820347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fee, Jeremy 0000-0002-6851-2796 jmfee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6851-2796","contributorId":194758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fee","given":"Jeremy","email":"jmfee@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":820348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martinez, Eric M. 0000-0002-5697-5654","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5697-5654","contributorId":261660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martinez","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":820349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lastowka, Lynda A. 0000-0001-5469-7577 llastowka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5469-7577","contributorId":261661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lastowka","given":"Lynda","email":"llastowka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":820350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70227268,"text":"70227268 - 2020 - Ultraviolet-assisted oiling assessment improves detection of oiled birds experiencing clinical signs of hemolytic anemia after exposure to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-06T15:02:36.641948","indexId":"70227268","displayToPublicDate":"2020-08-12T08:54:16","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1479,"text":"Ecotoxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ultraviolet-assisted oiling assessment improves detection of oiled birds experiencing clinical signs of hemolytic anemia after exposure to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill","docAbstract":"While large-scale oil spills can cause acute mortality events in birds, there is increasing evidence that sublethal oil exposure can trigger physiological changes that have implications for individual performance and survival. Therefore, improved methods for identifying small amounts of oil on birds are needed. Because ultraviolet (UV) light can be used to identify thin crude oil films in water and on substrate that are not visually apparent under normal lighting conditions, we hypothesized that UV light could be useful for detecting small amounts of oil present on the plumage of birds. We evaluated black skimmers (Rynchops niger), brown pelicans (Pelecanus occidentalis), clapper rails (Rallus crepitans), great egrets (Ardea alba), and seaside sparrows (Ammodramus maritimus) exposed to areas affected by the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico as well as from reference areas from 20 June, 2010 to 23 February, 2011. When visually assessed without UV light, 19.6% of birds evaluated from areas affected by the spill were determined to be oiled (previously published data), whereas when examined under UV light, 56.3% of the same birds were determined to have oil exposure. Of 705 individuals examined in areas potentially impacted by the spill, we found that fluorescence under UV light assessment identified 259 oiled birds that appeared to be oil-free on visual exam, supporting its utility as a simple tool for improving detection of modestly oiled birds in the field. Further, UV assessment revealed an increase in qualitative severity of oiling (approximate % of body surface oiled) in 40% of birds compared to what was determined on visual exam. Additionally, black skimmers, brown pelicans, and great egrets exposed to oil as determined using UV light experienced oxidative injury to erythrocytes, had decreased numbers of circulating erythrocytes, and showed evidence of a regenerative hematological response in the form of increased reticulocytes. This evidence of adverse effects was similar to changes identified in birds with oil exposure as determined by visual examination without UV light, and is consistent with hemolytic anemia likely caused by oil exposure. Thus, UV assessment proved useful for enhancing detection of birds exposed to oil, but did not increase detection of birds experiencing clinical signs of anemia compared to standard visual oiling assessment. We conclude that UV light evaluation can help identify oil exposure in many birds that would otherwise be identified visually as unexposed during oil spill events.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10646-020-02255-8","usgsCitation":"Fallon, J.A., Smith, E.P., Shoch, N., Paruk, J., Adams, E., Evers, D., Jodice, P.G., Perkins, M., Meatty, D.E., and Hopkins, W., 2020, Ultraviolet-assisted oiling assessment improves detection of oiled birds experiencing clinical signs of hemolytic anemia after exposure to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill: Ecotoxicology, v. 29, p. 1399-1408, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-020-02255-8.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1399","endPage":"1408","ipdsId":"IP-107889","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467280,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-020-02255-8","text":"External Repository"},{"id":393957,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.2509765625,\n 26.15543796871355\n ],\n [\n -82.705078125,\n 26.15543796871355\n ],\n [\n -82.705078125,\n 30.600093873550072\n ],\n [\n -97.2509765625,\n 30.600093873550072\n ],\n [\n -97.2509765625,\n 26.15543796871355\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"29","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-08-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fallon, J. A.","contributorId":270956,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fallon","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":56231,"text":"Virginia Polytechnic University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":830209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, E. P.","contributorId":270957,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":56231,"text":"Virginia Polytechnic University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":830210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shoch, N.","contributorId":270958,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shoch","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":56232,"text":"Adirondack Center for Loon Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":830211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Paruk, J. D.","contributorId":270959,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paruk","given":"J. D.","affiliations":[{"id":56233,"text":"Saint Joseph's College of Maine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":830212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Adams, E. A.","contributorId":270960,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"E. A.","affiliations":[{"id":37436,"text":"Biodiversity Research Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":830213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Evers, D. C.","contributorId":270961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Evers","given":"D. C.","affiliations":[{"id":37436,"text":"Biodiversity Research Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":830214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Jodice, Patrick G.R. 0000-0001-8716-120X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8716-120X","contributorId":219852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jodice","given":"Patrick","middleInitial":"G.R.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":830215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Perkins, M.","contributorId":270962,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Perkins","given":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16811,"text":"Harvard University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":830216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Meatty, D. E.","contributorId":270963,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meatty","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37436,"text":"Biodiversity Research Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":830217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Hopkins, W. A.","contributorId":270964,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hopkins","given":"W. A.","affiliations":[{"id":56231,"text":"Virginia Polytechnic University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":830218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70215193,"text":"70215193 - 2020 - Assessing the potential for spectrally based remote sensing of salmon spawning locations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-10T13:13:47.748404","indexId":"70215193","displayToPublicDate":"2020-08-12T08:10:42","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing the potential for spectrally based remote sensing of salmon spawning locations","docAbstract":"Remote sensing tools are increasingly used for quantitative mapping of fluvial habitats, yet few techniques exist for continuous sampling of aquatic organisms, such as spawning salmonids. This study assessed the potential for spectrally based remote sensing of salmon spawning locations (i.e., redds) using data acquired from unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) along a large, gravel‐bed river. We developed a novel, semi‐automated approach for detecting salmon redds by applying machine learning classification and object detection techniques to UAS‐based imagery. We found that both true colour (RGB) and hyperspectral imagery could be used to identify salmon redds, though with varying degrees of accuracy. Redds were mapped with accuracies of ~0.75 from RGB imagery using logistic regression and support vector machines (SVM) classification algorithms, but this type of data could not be used to identify redds using Object‐based Image Analysis (OBIA). The hyperspectral imagery was more useful for mapping salmon redds, with accuracies greater than 0.9 for both logistic regression and SVM classifiers; OBIA of the hyperspectral data resulted in redd detection accuracies up to 0.86. The hyperspectral imagery also yielded complementary physical habitat information including water depth and substrate composition, which we quantified on the basis of a spectrally based chlorophyll absorption ratio. Overall, the hyperspectral imagery more effectively identified salmon spawning locations than RGB images and was more conducive to the classification approaches we evaluated. Each type of remotely sensed data had advantages and limitations, which are important for potential users to understand when incorporating UAS‐based data collection into river ecosystem studies.
The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) has developed financial risk management strategies for natural disasters focusing primarily on the emergency phase of the catastrophes where financial support is more cost-efficient and certainly most needed. The main IDB financial instrument to provide liquidity in the aftermath of catastrophic events is the Contingent Credit Facility (CCF). The CCF is a parametric financial insurance product that makes payments upon the occurrence of events of specific characteristics previously defined with the country. Specifically, in the case of earthquake coverage, the USGS and IDB have been collaborating together in order to improve the trigger design of the loans. CCF is now based on parametric triggers that correlate the magnitude, intensity, and population exposure of the event with the payments. This chapter presents the IDB journey to develop this state-of-the-art parametric index for CCF earthquakes pay offs.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Natural Disasters and Climate Change","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-43708-4_1","usgsCitation":"Collich, G., Rosillo, R., Martinez, J., Wald, D.J., and Durante, J.J., 2020, Financial risk innovation: Development of earthquake parametric triggers for contingent credit instruments, chap. of Natural Disasters and Climate Change, p. 1-13, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43708-4_1.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"13","ipdsId":"IP-120492","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":383596,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-08-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collich, Guillermo","contributorId":251887,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Collich","given":"Guillermo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":50410,"text":"Inter-American Development Bank (IDB); Washington, D.C., United States.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosillo, Rafael","contributorId":251888,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rosillo","given":"Rafael","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":50412,"text":"University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martinez, Juan","contributorId":251889,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martinez","given":"Juan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":50410,"text":"Inter-American Development Bank (IDB); Washington, D.C., United States.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wald, David J. 0000-0002-1454-4514 wald@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-4514","contributorId":795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"David","email":"wald@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":810776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Durante, Juan Jose","contributorId":251890,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Durante","given":"Juan","email":"","middleInitial":"Jose","affiliations":[{"id":50410,"text":"Inter-American Development Bank (IDB); Washington, D.C., United States.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70236101,"text":"70236101 - 2020 - The GFDL Earth System Model Version 4.1 (GFDL-ESM 4.1): Overall coupled model description and simulation characteristics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-29T12:24:55.60819","indexId":"70236101","displayToPublicDate":"2020-08-12T07:17:57","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":12561,"text":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems (JAMES)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The GFDL Earth System Model Version 4.1 (GFDL-ESM 4.1): Overall coupled model description and simulation characteristics","docAbstract":"We describe the baseline coupled model configuration and simulation characteristics of GFDL's Earth System Model Version 4.1 (ESM4.1), which builds on component and coupled model developments at GFDL over 2013–2018 for coupled carbon-chemistry-climate simulation contributing to the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. In contrast with GFDL's CM4.0 development effort that focuses on ocean resolution for physical climate, ESM4.1 focuses on comprehensiveness of Earth system interactions. ESM4.1 features doubled horizontal resolution of both atmosphere (2° to 1°) and ocean (1° to 0.5°) relative to GFDL's previous-generation coupled ESM2-carbon and CM3-chemistry models. ESM4.1 brings together key representational advances in CM4.0 dynamics and physics along with those in aerosols and their precursor emissions, land ecosystem vegetation and canopy competition, and multiday fire; ocean ecological and biogeochemical interactions, comprehensive land-atmosphere-ocean cycling of CO2, dust and iron, and interactive ocean-atmosphere nitrogen cycling are described in detail across this volume of JAMES and presented here in terms of the overall coupling and resulting fidelity. ESM4.1 provides much improved fidelity in CO2 and chemistry over ESM2 and CM3, captures most of CM4.0's baseline simulations characteristics, and notably improves on CM4.0 in (1) Southern Ocean mode and intermediate water ventilation, (2) Southern Ocean aerosols, and (3) reduced spurious ocean heat uptake. ESM4.1 has reduced transient and equilibrium climate sensitivity compared to CM4.0. Fidelity concerns include (1) moderate degradation in sea surface temperature biases, (2) degradation in aerosols in some regions, and (3) strong centennial scale climate modulation by Southern Ocean convection.
The Taiya River flows through the Chilkoot Trail Unit of Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park in southeast Alaska, which was founded to preserve cultural and historical resources and further understanding of natural processes active in the surrounding coastal-to-subarctic basin. Riverine processes exert an important influence on ecologically important boreal toad (Anaxryus boreas boreas), salmon [chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta), pink salmon (O. gorbushca), and coho salmon (O. kisutch)], and eulachon (Thaleichthys pacificus) habitats, erosion of the historic ghost town of Dyea and other cultural and historical artifacts, and recreational opportunities in the lower 7.5 kilometers (km) of the Taiya River valley bottom. Recurrent consideration of hydroelectric development in West Creek upstream of the park since the 1980s has included proposals for damming and diverting West Creek, which could alter the delivery of water and sediment to this section of the Taiya River. To improve understanding of the hydrologic dependence of park resources for the purposes of guiding effective monitoring and conservation, this study, conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the National Park Service, used a review of hydrologic data, collection of discrete suspended sediment data, geomorphic mapping, and analysis of historical aerial and ground photographs in a reconnaissance of formative geomorphic processes and hydrologic conditions in the lower 7.5 km of the Taiya River valley bottom.
Streamflow and suspended sediment data collected at the U.S. Geological Survey streamgages on the Taiya River and West Creek, combined with historical data, document conditions consistent with streams draining strongly glacierized basins in Alaska. Suspended sediment concentrations from samples collected concurrently over six varying flow levels during 2017–18 ranged from 6 to 284 milligrams per liter (mg/L) for the Taiya River and 13 to 162 mg/L for West Creek, which are similar to or slightly higher than historical values. For the common period of record (1970–77), correlation of daily mean discharge between the two streams was strongest (Pearson’s r = 0.97) during the prolonged May–October high-flow season and weakest (r = 0.90) during the November–April low-flow season, when West Creek daily mean discharge was proportionally higher. For the Taiya River, streamflow data compared between the available periods of record (1970–77 and 2004–17) showed no decadal-scale patterns in mean annual discharge but did show a shift toward an earlier spring snowmelt pulse. Notable flooding in the Taiya River Basin includes glacial lake outburst floods from the Nourse River valley prior to and during the 1897–98 Gold Rush, a 2002 glacial lake outburst flood from the West Creek valley, and a 1967 rainfall-generated flood.
Geomorphic mapping identified four categories of surfaces in the valley bottom—active main stem, abandoned main stem, alluvial fans, and emergent tidal surfaces. Using the maps, main-stem surfaces were subdivided into age categories to identify channel migration patterns from prior to 1940s to 2018. The valley bottom is dominated by active or abandoned channels of the Taiya River except at the extensive low-angle West Creek fan. The active main stem presently supports a mostly single-thread channel with bars and a few sloughs, but the channel actively moved and sometimes was braided within multiple, wider unvegetated corridors in 1894 and earlier. An inventory of 29 off-main-stem channels identified for the study indicates that abandoned main stem channels provide local topographic lows that can intercept groundwater or sustain tributary flow, facilitating the formation of most nonestuarine wetlands in the valley and sustaining important boreal toad breeding habitat.
Within the active main stem corridor, the channel has episodically built and reworked meanders and bars, eroding more than one-half of the historic Dyea townsite, in response to glacially controlled delivery of water and sediment, flooding, inputs from West Creek, local features including large woody debris and beaver dams, and rapid uplift from isostatic rebound. West Creek has constructed a large, persistent fan, provoked kilometer-scale Taiya River channel change near the confluence, constructively added to high-season streamflow that affects Taiya River channel migration capacity, disproportionately contributed early-season streamflow, and possibly contributed to groundwater levels in the valley bottom. The progressive narrowing and stability of the main stem corridor, possibly a result of reduction in the magnitude or frequency of glacial lake outburst floods or glacial sediment delivery to streams, indicates less active future reworking of abandoned main-stem surfaces or regeneration of wetland features. The fluvial history of the Taiya River valley bottom collectively indicates continued channel change within a limited corridor, relative stability in wetland locations but uncertainty in stability of groundwater supply to them, and channel incision and extension in response to uplift.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20205059","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Curran, J.H., 2020, Hydrology and geomorphology of the Taiya River near the West Creek Tributary, southeast Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2020–5059, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20205059.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 57 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"57","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-102183","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":376975,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5059/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":376976,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5059/sir20205059.pdf","text":"Report","size":"11 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":376977,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9XP1SE7","linkHelpText":"Geomorphic surface and channel boundaries for the lower 7.5 kilometers of the Taiya River Valley, southeast Alaska, 2018"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Taiya River Near the West Creek Tributary","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -137.5927734375,\n 57.71588512774503\n ],\n [\n -135,\n 57.657157596582984\n ],\n [\n -132.64892578125,\n 57.621875380195455\n ],\n [\n -132.64892578125,\n 59.877911874831156\n ],\n [\n -137.61474609375,\n 59.877911874831156\n ],\n [\n -137.5927734375,\n 57.71588512774503\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director,
Alaska Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
4210 University Drive
Anchorage, Alaska 99508
Modeling of ecosystems is a part of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s protocol for developing site-specific selenium guidelines for protection of aquatic life. Selenium as an environmental contaminant is known to bioaccumulate and cause reproductive effects in fish and wildlife. Here we apply a modeling methodology—ecosystem-scale selenium modeling—to understand and document the scientific basis for predicting and validating ecological protection for Lake Koocanusa, a transboundary reservoir between Montana and British Columbia. A comprehensive set of site-specific data compiled from public databases (Federal, State, and Provincial) and reports by Teck Coal Ltd., is available in a companion U.S. Geological Survey data release. The tissue guideline used within modeling here to assess protection is the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s national selenium guideline for whole-body fish (dry weight); however, other numeric values for a whole-body guideline or other tissue types may be assumed if applicable tissue-to-tissue conversion factors are available.
We consider the report assembled here as a working document that presents a model that can effectively address and structure the needs of (1) scientific understanding in representing the lake’s ecosystem and selenium biodynamics and (2) policy and management development during a decision-making process, but it is open to modification and updating as more ecologically detailed data become available. The approach brings together the main concerns involved in selenium toxicity: likelihood of high exposure, inherent species sensitivity, and close connectivity of ecosystem characteristics and behavioral ecology of predators. Detailed site-specific modeling equations are provided to document the linked factors that determine the responses of ecosystems to selenium. A series of scenarios quantifies the implications of choices of site-specific variables including food-web species, bioavailability of particulate material, and partitioning between the dissolved and particulate phases at the base of food webs. A gradient mapping tool applied to Lake Koocanusa provides a precedent for ecosystem-scale modeling of lakes by recognizing the importance of lake strata and hydrodynamics as components of modeling.
Data requirements for ecosystem modeling, including ecological and hydrological process information fundamental to the dietary biodynamics of selenium in site-specific food webs, were assessed as a precursor to model validation for Lake Koocanusa. Understanding these relationships is necessary to connect modeling outcomes to reproductive effects and establish boundaries, in the case of Lake Koocanusa, for the influences of dam operation, fish-community viability, and its Clean Water Act impaired 303(d)-listing status on ecosystem function.
We find that an assemblage of conditions affects the representation of Lake Koocanusa’s ecosystem within modeling scenarios but that the constructed gradient maps, mechanistic model, and associated bioaccumulation potentials portray and quantify the variables that are determinative to protection of predator species. Ecological and hydrological sorting of compiled individual data points on a site- and species-specific basis helps identify and address model uncertainties. Sources of uncertainty include (1) the scarcity of data for some environmental media compartments across time and locations, (2) the complexity of hydrodynamic conditions that can lead to seasonal ecological disconnects such as in selenium partitioning from water into particulates, and (3) the functional status of Lake Koocanusa’s ecosystem because of cumulative effects of various environmental stresses (for example, fish-community changes, flow regime changes, parasites, gonadal dysfunction, and increasing mining input-selenium concentrations since 1984). To this last point, it is important to determine where Lake Koocanusa is in an impairment-restoration cycle so as not to base protection on survivor bias, the maintenance of a currently degraded ecosystem, or normalized toxicity. In a broader context, one of the overall consequences of revised selenium regulations is that their derivation is now dependent on being able to define and understand the status of the ecosystem on which protection is based.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20201098","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Montana Department of Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"Presser, T.S., and Naftz, D.L., 2020, Understanding and documenting the scientific basis of selenium ecological protection in support of site-specific guidelines development for Lake Koocanusa, Montana, U.S.A., and British Columbia, Canada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2020–1098, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20201098.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 40 p.; 3 Tables; Data Releases","numberOfPages":"52","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-120031","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":436823,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P99LM27E","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Results of Ecosystem Scale Selenium Modeling in Support of Site-Specific Guidelines Development for Lake Koocanusa, Montana, U.S.A., and British Columbia, Canada, 2020"},{"id":377297,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9HB5S5F","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"USGS measurements of dissolved and suspended particulate material selenium in Lake Koocanusa in the vicinity of Libby Dam (MT), 2015–2017 (update)"},{"id":377296,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9VXYSNZ","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Selenium concentrations in food webs of Lake Koocanusa in the vicinity of Libby Dam (MT) and the Elk River (BC) as the basis for applying ecosystem-scale modeling, 2008–2018"},{"id":377295,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1098/ofr20201098.pdf","text":"Report","size":"19.0 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2020–1098"},{"id":377294,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1098/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":377363,"rank":5,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1098/ofr20201098_tables_1_and_3_to_10.xlsx","text":"Tables 1 and 3–10","size":"91.5 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"OFR 2020–1098 Tables"}],"country":"United States, Canada","state":"Montana, British Columbia","otherGeospatial":"Lake Koocanusa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.72998046875,\n 48.33251726168281\n ],\n [\n -114.90600585937499,\n 48.33251726168281\n ],\n [\n -114.90600585937499,\n 49.457413352792216\n ],\n [\n -115.72998046875,\n 49.457413352792216\n ],\n [\n -115.72998046875,\n 48.33251726168281\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Water Mission Area
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Rd.
Menlo Park, CA 94025
The July 2019