We used radio telemetry to monitor the post-breeding activities of 129 mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and 118 wood ducks (Aix sponsa) on a 932-km2 area in north-central Minnesota from 1968 to 1974. Upon completion of breeding activities and before the flightless period, all mallard drakes departed the area; this exodus peaked during early June. Of the non-brood hens 8 of 23 remained on the area, whereas 26 of 51 of the hens raising broods spent the flightless period on their breeding areas. Thirty-nine percent of the mallard hens on the area in the spring were present at the beginning of their flightless period. Fifty percent of the drake wood ducks and 41 percent of the hens left the breeding area before flightlessness. Their timing was similar to that of mallards. The flightless period began in mid-June for wood duck drakes and lasted into early October for some mallard hens. All late molting mallard and wood duck hens reared broods that same year. A minimum of 35 percent of the spring mallard hens remained on the area at the beginning of hunting season (early October). About 17 percent of the wood duck males and 42 percent of the females breeding locally remained on the area until hunting began. Eleven of 51 mallards and 4 of 25 wood ducks that reared broods were killed on the study area compared with 2 of 23 for non-brood mallards and 1 of 20 for non-brood wood duck hens. Principal habitats used by post-breeding mallards were bays of large lakes and river marshes. Wood ducks tended to use similar habitat but also frequented small woodland ponds. During the flightless period both species remained mostly in areas with abundant emergent cover.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3800504","usgsCitation":"Gilmer, D., Kirby, R., Ball, I., and Riechmann, J.H., 1977, Post-breeding activities of mallards and wood ducks in north-central Minnesota: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 41, no. 3, p. 345-359, https://doi.org/10.2307/3800504.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"345","endPage":"359","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133653,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db6353e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gilmer, D.S.","contributorId":22270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilmer","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kirby, R.E.","contributorId":75871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ball, I.J.","contributorId":104427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"I.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Riechmann, J. H.","contributorId":20690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riechmann","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1007799,"text":"1007799 - 1977 - Seed production, seed populations in the soil and seedling production after fire for two congeneric pairs of sprouting and nonsprouting chaparral shrubs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-18T17:46:27.775764","indexId":"1007799","displayToPublicDate":"1977-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seed production, seed populations in the soil and seedling production after fire for two congeneric pairs of sprouting and nonsprouting chaparral shrubs","docAbstract":"A study of seed production, seed storage in the soil, and seedling production after fire was undertaken for a sprouting and a nonsprouting congenerica pair of species of Ceanothus and Arctostaphylos. All species exhibited large fluctuations in annual seed production. There was a significant correlation between fruit production and precipitation in the previous year. It is hypothesized that high carbon gain in years of high precipitation results in high numbers of floral primordia which, in these species, remain dominant until the following year. It was also noted that high fruit production was not dependent upon high precipitation the same year; suggesting that the fruits were utilizing carbon stored from the previous year. All 4 species were capable of producing more seeds in a single season than were stored in the soil. Apparently the soil seed pools do not represent a steady accumulation of seeds in the soil but rather are the result of dynamic fluctuations in seed inputs and outputs. Each species also had more seeds in the soil, by several orders of magnitude, than seedlings after fire in an adjacent burned stand. The sprouting and seeding productive strategies are quite different in the two genera. The information from this study coupled with that from other studies indicate 4 reproductive modes: sprouting and seedling production (C. leucodermis), abundant seedling production (C. greggii), low seedling production but better \"equipped\" seedlings (A. glauca), and predominantly sprouting (A. glandulosa).
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.2307/1936217","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J.E., 1977, Seed production, seed populations in the soil and seedling production after fire for two congeneric pairs of sprouting and nonsprouting chaparral shrubs: Ecology, v. 58, p. 820-829, https://doi.org/10.2307/1936217.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"820","endPage":"829","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130146,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fba5b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521 jon_keeley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":1268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","email":"jon_keeley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":316051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70185635,"text":"70185635 - 1977 - Disposal of saltwater during well construction--Problems and solutions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-26T10:19:31","indexId":"70185635","displayToPublicDate":"1977-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Disposal of saltwater during well construction--Problems and solutions","docAbstract":"The recent interest in the disposal of treated sewage effluent by deep-well injection into salt-water-filled aquifers has increased the need for proper disposal of salt water as more wells are drilled and tested each year.
The effects on an unconfined aquifer of the improper disposal of salt water associated with the construction of three wells in southeastern Florida emphasize this need. In two of the wells provisions to prevent and detect salt-water contamination of the unconfined aquifer were practically nonexistent, and in one well extensive provisions were made. Of the three drilling sites the one with proper provision for detection presented no serious problem, as the ground water contaminated by the salt water was easily located and removed. The provisions consisted of drilling a brine-injection well to dispose of salt water discharged in drilling and testing operations, using a closed drilling circulation system to reduce spillage, installing shallow observation wells to map the extent and depth of any salt-water contamination of the shallow aquifer, and installing a dewatering system to remove contaminated ground water.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1977.tb03173.x","usgsCitation":"Pitt, W.A., Meyer, F.W., and Hull, J.E., 1977, Disposal of saltwater during well construction--Problems and solutions: Groundwater, v. 15, no. 4, p. 276-283, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1977.tb03173.x.","productDescription":"8 p. ","startPage":"276","endPage":"283","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338336,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d63043e4b05ec799131133","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pitt, William A. Jr.","contributorId":77944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitt","given":"William","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meyer, Frederick W.","contributorId":39373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hull, John E.","contributorId":15616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hull","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70185636,"text":"70185636 - 1977 - Storage of treated sewage effluent and stormwater in a saline aquifer, Pinellas Peninsula, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-26T10:16:51","indexId":"70185636","displayToPublicDate":"1977-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Storage of treated sewage effluent and stormwater in a saline aquifer, Pinellas Peninsula, Florida","docAbstract":"The Pinellas Peninsula, an area of 750 square kilometres (290 square miles) in coastal west-central Florida, is a small hydrogeologic replica of Florida. Most of the Peninsula's water supply is imported from well fields as much as 65 kilometres (40 miles) inland. Stresses on the hydrologic environment of the Peninsula and on adjacent water bodies, resulting from intensive water-resources development and waste discharge, have resulted in marked interest in subsurface storage of waste water (treated effluent and untreated storm water) and in future retrieval of the stored water for nonpotable use. If subsurface storage is approved by regulatory agencies, as much as 265 megalitres per day (70 million gallons a day) of waste water could be stored underground within a few years, and more than 565 megalitres per day (150 million gallons a day) could be stored in about 25 years. This storage would constitute a large resource of nearly fresh water in the saline aquifers underlying about 520 square kilometres (200 square miles) of the Peninsula.
The upper 1,060 metres (3,480 feet) of the rock column underlying four test sites on the Pinellas Peninsula have been explored. The rocks consist chiefly of limestone and dolomite. Three moderately to highly transmissive zones, separated by leaky confining beds, (low permeability limestone) from about 225 to 380 metres (740 to 1,250 feet) below mean sea level, have been identified in the lower part of the Floridan aquifer in the Avon Park Limestone. Results of withdrawal and injection tests in Pinellas County indicate that the middle transmissive zone has the highest estimated transmissivity-about 10 times other reported values. The chloride concentration of water in this zone, as well as in the two other transmissive zones in the Avon Park Limestone in Pinellas Peninsula, is about 19,000 milligrams per litre. If subsurface storage is approved and implemented, this middle zone probably would be used for storage of the waste water and the zone would become the most extensively used in Florida for this purpose.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1977.tb03174.x","usgsCitation":"Rosenshein, J., and Hickey, J., 1977, Storage of treated sewage effluent and stormwater in a saline aquifer, Pinellas Peninsula, Florida: Groundwater, v. 15, no. 4, p. 284-293, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1977.tb03174.x.","productDescription":"10 p. ","startPage":"284","endPage":"293","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338337,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d63043e4b05ec799131131","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenshein, J.S.","contributorId":95082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenshein","given":"J.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hickey, J.J.","contributorId":57010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickey","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5221390,"text":"5221390 - 1977 - Organochlorine and mercury residues in canvasback duck eggs, 1972-73","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-26T13:24:09","indexId":"5221390","displayToPublicDate":"1977-06-16T12:19:27","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organochlorine and mercury residues in canvasback duck eggs, 1972-73","docAbstract":"Eggs of canvasback ducks (Aythya valisineria) from several major breeding areas were analyzed for organochlorine and mercury residues. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were detected in 96 of 97 eggs, in concentrations up to 29 ppm (wet wt.). DDE occurred in 79 percent of the samples with a maximum residue of 12 ppm (wet wt.). DDT, DDD, dieldrin, hexachlorobenzene, cis-chlordane, heptachlor epoxide, and oxychlordane were detected less frequently. Mercury was detected in only 6 of 34 eggs analyzed. Most of the eggs contained concentrations of organochlorines and mercury below levels known to cause adverse effects on avian survival or reproduction.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3800516","usgsCitation":"Stendell, R., Cromartie, E., Wiemeyer, S.N., and Longcore, J.R., 1977, Organochlorine and mercury residues in canvasback duck eggs, 1972-73: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 41, no. 3, p. 453-457, https://doi.org/10.2307/3800516.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"453","endPage":"457","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198373,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18382,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3800516","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"41","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68ab90","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stendell, Rey C.","contributorId":82263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stendell","given":"Rey C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cromartie, E.","contributorId":13926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cromartie","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wiemeyer, Stanley N.","contributorId":78279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiemeyer","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Longcore, J. R. 0000-0003-4898-5438","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4898-5438","contributorId":43835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Longcore","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5221395,"text":"5221395 - 1977 - Shell thinning and reproductive impairment in black ducks after cessation of DDE dosage","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-01T23:07:12.229453","indexId":"5221395","displayToPublicDate":"1977-06-16T12:19:24","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shell thinning and reproductive impairment in black ducks after cessation of DDE dosage","docAbstract":"Captive black ducks (anas rubripes) were fed dietary DDE [1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl)ethylene] at 10 ppm (dry weight; about 2 ppm on a natural diet basis) for 2 breeding seasons, then untreated feed for 2 succeeding years. Residues of DDE in the carcasses of adults declined 90% during the 2-year clean-up period. Following 2 years of dietary DDE, mean residues in eggs reached 64.9 ppm. Even after 2 years on clean feed, DDE residues in the eggs averaged 6.2 ppm or 9.5% of the mean DDE level reached after 2 years on treated feed. Shells of eggs from treated hens were about 20% thinner than shells of eggs from controls. Stoppage of DDE dosage resulted in progressively thicker shells, yet even after 2 years on untreated feed hens laid eggs with shells about 10% thinner than control hens. After DDE was removed from the diet, DDE residues in the eggs decreased, shell thickness increased, and reproductive success improved. Hens previously exposed to DDE, but then fed clean feed for 2 years, still produced significantly fewer surviving ducklings than did control hens.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF02097770","usgsCitation":"Longcore, J.R., and Stendell, R., 1977, Shell thinning and reproductive impairment in black ducks after cessation of DDE dosage: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 6, no. 2/3, p. 293-304, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02097770.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"293","endPage":"304","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198413,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"2/3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b02e4b07f02db698c53","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Longcore, J. R. 0000-0003-4898-5438","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4898-5438","contributorId":43835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Longcore","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stendell, Rey C.","contributorId":82263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stendell","given":"Rey C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5222600,"text":"5222600 - 1977 - Dieldrin mortality of lesser snow geese in Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-30T15:31:25.777325","indexId":"5222600","displayToPublicDate":"1977-06-16T12:19:20","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dieldrin mortality of lesser snow geese in Missouri","docAbstract":"In March and April 1974, 157 lesser snow geese (Chen caerulescens) died from dieldrin poisoning during northward migration through western Missouri. Evidence strongly suggested that the mortality in Missouri resulted from delayed effects upon geese exposed to aldrin-treated rice seed on wintering areas in southeast Texas.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3800097","usgsCitation":"Babcock, K., and Flickinger, E.L., 1977, Dieldrin mortality of lesser snow geese in Missouri: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 41, no. 1, p. 100-103, https://doi.org/10.2307/3800097.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"100","endPage":"103","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199733,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","county":"Newton County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-94.0611,37.0493],[-94.0621,36.9336],[-94.0692,36.8302],[-94.0629,36.8302],[-94.0675,36.7472],[-94.6196,36.7664],[-94.619,37],[-94.6187,37.0585],[-94.0611,37.0493]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Newton\",\"state\":\"MO\"}}]}","volume":"41","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4814e4b07f02db4dab29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Babcock, K.M.","contributorId":21664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Babcock","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flickinger, Edward L.","contributorId":48907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flickinger","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70181749,"text":"70181749 - 1977 - Flowing wells in Michigan, 1974","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-13T09:38:00","indexId":"70181749","displayToPublicDate":"1977-06-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5292,"text":"Water Information Series Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"2","title":"Flowing wells in Michigan, 1974","docAbstract":"Flowing wells yielding fresh water occur in both the glacial drift and the bedrock in Michigan. Most known flowing wells are in the Lower Peninsula because the greater population in that part of the State has led to more frequent drilling. A comparison of flowing-well areas in 1900 with those in 1970 shows a probable decline in head in the glacial drift and the Marshall and Saginaw bedrock formations in the central and southern parts of the Lower Peninsula. Wells having the greatest reported flews are from the Marshall and Saginaw Formations; wells having the greatest heads are from the Cambrian, Ordovician, and Silurian rock units. Flowing wells in Michigan are largely used for domestic water supplies, although a few are used for municipal and industrial supplies. In general, water from most flowing wells is suitable for domestic use; however, high iron, chloride, and hardness impair water quality at some locations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Michigan Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lansing, MI","collaboration":"Prepared by the United States Geological Survey in cooperation with the Michigan Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Allen, W., 1977, Flowing wells in Michigan, 1974: Water Information Series Report 2, 7 p.","productDescription":"7 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335222,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":335221,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.michigan.gov/documents/deq/GIMDL-WIS02_216294_7.PDF","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}\n","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a2d3c4e4b0c82512869a46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, W.B.","contributorId":29052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5210206,"text":"5210206 - 1977 - Effects of external applications of fuel oil on hatchability of mallard eggs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-26T11:14:51","indexId":"5210206","displayToPublicDate":"1977-06-09T09:23:16","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"15","title":"Effects of external applications of fuel oil on hatchability of mallard eggs","docAbstract":"An experiment was performed to determine the toxicity of oil to incubating eggs. Number 2 fuel oil, a mixture of 9 paraffin compounds, and propylene glycol were applied to the surface of artificially incubated mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) eggs. Seven groups of 50 eggs each were treated with 1, 5, 10, 20, and 50 μl of fuel oil, 50 μ1 of the paraffin mixture, and 50 μl of propylene glycol. Fifty untreated eggs served as a control. Microliter syringes were used to apply the liquid around the air cell end of the egg on the 8th day of incubation. Embryonic mortality was significantly greater (P ≤ 0.01) in all oil treated groups and the paraffin mixture group than in the control group. Most of the embryonic mortality for the oiled eggs occurred within 72 hours of treatment. Hatching and post-hatching (4 weeks) weights of the ducklings in all treatment groups were not significantly different (P > 0.01) from the control. Thus, the transfer of even small quantities of oil to the egg surface is sufficient to reduce hatchability.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fate and Effects of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Marine Ecosystems and Organisms","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Fate and Effects of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Marine Organisms and Ecosystems","conferenceDate":"November 10-12, 1976","conferenceLocation":"Seattle, Washington","language":"English","publisher":"Pergamon Press","publisherLocation":"New York","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-08-021613-3.50020-6","usgsCitation":"Albers, P., 1977, Effects of external applications of fuel oil on hatchability of mallard eggs, chap. 15 of Fate and Effects of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Marine Ecosystems and Organisms, p. 158-163, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-021613-3.50020-6.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"158","endPage":"163","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200491,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ee4b07f02db6158ec","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Wolfe, Douglas A.","contributorId":111899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506113,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Albers, P.H.","contributorId":26646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albers","given":"P.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5210203,"text":"5210203 - 1977 - Effects of external applications of No. 2 fuel oil on common eider eggs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-26T12:42:53","indexId":"5210203","displayToPublicDate":"1977-06-09T09:23:16","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"16","title":"Effects of external applications of No. 2 fuel oil on common eider eggs","docAbstract":"Because eggs of marine birds may be exposed to oil adhering to the feathers of adult birds, a study was undertaken to determine the effects of oil contamination. Two hundred common eider eggs were divided into four experimental sets of 50 each. Two sets were treated with No. 2 fuel oil in amounts of 5 microliters to 20 microliters; a third with 20 microliters of propylene glycol, a neutral blocking agent. The fourth set served as a control. Hatching success was 96 percent for the eggs treated with 20 microliters propylene glycol, 96 percent for the controls and 92 percent for the eggs treated with 5 microliters oil hatched. Only 69 percent of the eggs treated with 20 microliters of oil survived - a significant reduction in hatchability (P 0.05). Mean Hatching weights for all sets were statistically equal. Thus, oil pollution may significantly increase embryonic mortality in marine birds. ","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fate and Effects of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Marine Ecosystems and Organisms","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Pergamon Press","publisherLocation":"New York","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-08-021613-3.50021-8","usgsCitation":"Szaro, R.C., and Albers, P., 1977, Effects of external applications of No. 2 fuel oil on common eider eggs, chap. 16 of Fate and Effects of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Marine Ecosystems and Organisms, p. 164-167, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-021613-3.50021-8.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"164","endPage":"167","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200547,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ee4b07f02db615a8c","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Wolfe, Douglas A.","contributorId":111899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506110,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Szaro, Robert C.","contributorId":21240,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Szaro","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Albers, P.H.","contributorId":26646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albers","given":"P.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5223634,"text":"5223634 - 1977 - The chromosomes of the Didelphidae (Marsupialia) and their evolutionary significance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-28T15:24:03.68339","indexId":"5223634","displayToPublicDate":"1977-06-01T12:19:25","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1019,"text":"Biological Journal of the Linnean Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The chromosomes of the Didelphidae (Marsupialia) and their evolutionary significance","docAbstract":"One hundred and seventy-seven specimens of American didelphids, representing 9 genera and 22 species have been studied for their chromosomal constitution. Didelphids are very conservative in chromosomal complements. All of the studied species can be sorted into one of three kinds of karyotypes: 2n= 14 (three species of Didelphis, one of Lutreolina, two of Philander, and one of Chironectes), 2n = 14 (eight species of Marmosa, one of Metachirus, three of Caluromys, and one of Dromiciops), and 2n= 18 (three species of Monodelphis). These karyotypes are stable, showing only minor variations within each basic pattern. It is concluded that chromosomals evolution in the Didelphidae proceededs from low numbers to higher numbers by a process of centromeric fissioning complemented by some pericentric inversions and/or translocations. The pattern of karyotypic stability is consistent with bradytely at the organismic level of evolution. This is explained by a low rate of regulatory genetic evolution promoted by epistatic selection favouring the retention of chromosomal arrangements highly advantageous for overall adaptation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1111/j.1095-8312.1977.tb00265.x","usgsCitation":"Reig, O., Gardner, A., Bianchi, N.O., and Patton, J.L., 1977, The chromosomes of the Didelphidae (Marsupialia) and their evolutionary significance: Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, v. 9, no. 2, p. 191-216, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1977.tb00265.x.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"191","endPage":"216","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200296,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db698890","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reig, O.","contributorId":96803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reig","given":"O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gardner, Alfred 0000-0002-4945-1641 agardner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4945-1641","contributorId":166760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"Alfred","email":"agardner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":339111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bianchi, N. O.","contributorId":63124,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bianchi","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Patton, James L.","contributorId":192534,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Patton","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70233525,"text":"70233525 - 1977 - Routing of stormwater flows through storm drains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-22T14:48:23.63485","indexId":"70233525","displayToPublicDate":"1977-06-01T09:42:44","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Routing of stormwater flows through storm drains","docAbstract":"Storm-drain flow-routing methods based on kinematic-wave routing and storage-routing methods are compared with the MLSR (multiple-linearization storm-drain routing) method for hypothetical circular pipe problems. The MLSR method, based on a diffusion-wave routing concept, is shown to give very good results without incurring the numerical solution or damping problems of other methods.
","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Jennings, M.E., and Keefer, T.N., 1977, Routing of stormwater flows through storm drains: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 5, no. 3, p. 301-305.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"301","endPage":"305","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":404341,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":404339,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1977/vol5issue3/report.pdf","size":"20263 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"5","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jennings, Marshall E.","contributorId":55813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"Marshall","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keefer, Thomas N.","contributorId":43752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keefer","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1013995,"text":"1013995 - 1977 - Virion RNA polymerases of two salmonid rhabdoviruses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-26T22:58:58.681451","indexId":"1013995","displayToPublicDate":"1977-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2497,"text":"Journal of Virology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Virion RNA polymerases of two salmonid rhabdoviruses","docAbstract":"RNA-dependent RNA polymerases were found to be associated with two salmonid rhabdoviruses: infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) virus and the virus of hemorrhagic septicemia (VHS). The protein composition of these rhabdoviruses closely resembles that of rabies virus rather than that of vesicular stomatitis virus (McAllister and Wagner, 1975). The optimal temperature for in vitro transcription was found to be approximately 18 degrees C for IHN virus and approximately 15 degrees for VHS, closely approximating optimal temperatures for growth of these viruses in salmonid cells. Unlike vesicular stomatitis virus, manganese ion (1 mM) could be used as a divalent cation substitute for magnesium ion (5 mM). The in vitro transcription products of IHN and VHS viruses hybridized completely to the homologous genome but not at all to the heterologous genome.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"/10.1128/jvi.22.3.839-843.1977","usgsCitation":"McAllister, P.E., and Wagner, R., 1977, Virion RNA polymerases of two salmonid rhabdoviruses: Journal of Virology, v. 22, no. 3, p. 839-843, https://doi.org//10.1128/jvi.22.3.839-843.1977.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"839","endPage":"843","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488000,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.22.3.839-843.1977","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":132069,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fddf8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McAllister, P. E.","contributorId":71913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAllister","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wagner, R.R.","contributorId":65804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70119855,"text":"70119855 - 1977 - Water supply versus recreation and the fishery - minimum stream flows","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-11T09:19:46","indexId":"70119855","displayToPublicDate":"1977-05-08T09:17:30","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Water supply versus recreation and the fishery - minimum stream flows","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings, AWWA 97th Annual Conference","conferenceTitle":"AWWA 97th Annual Conference","conferenceDate":"1977-05-08T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Anaheim, CA","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Works Association","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","usgsCitation":"Milhous, R.T., 1977, Water supply versus recreation and the fishery - minimum stream flows, 1 p.","productDescription":"1 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"1","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291923,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53e9d8dbe4b008eaa4f3f6b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milhous, Robert T.","contributorId":28646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milhous","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70233534,"text":"70233534 - 1977 - Gravitational spreading of steep-sided ridges (\"sackung\") in Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-22T18:08:34.775911","indexId":"70233534","displayToPublicDate":"1977-05-01T12:52:44","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gravitational spreading of steep-sided ridges (\"sackung\") in Colorado","docAbstract":"Large-scale gravitational spreading and fracturing of steep-sided ridges in the mountainous area of Colorado are characterized by horizontal linear fissures, trenches, and uphill-facing scarps on tops and sides of ridges. A pronounced north-trending cleft and several minor scarps have split a ridge extending northward from Dolores Peak in the San Miguel Mountains of southwestern Colorado. This ridge is capped by granogabbro of a Tertiary laccolith that intruded the Cretaceous Mancos Shale. Numerous active landslides in shale mantle the once glaciated lower slopes. Trenches in the granogabbro probably originated after glacial ice melted, leaving steep sides of the ridge unsupported. The soft Mancos shale moved outward toward the direction of least stress, placing the overlying granogabbro under tension. A ridge that extends southwest from Bald Eagle Mountain, north of Mount Massive in central Colorado, is marked by a graben on the top and several trenches on the northwest side, parallel to the long axis of the ridge. Rock exposed in graben and trenches is the Precambrian St. Kevin Granite, which includes some schist and migmatite. Gravitational movement probably took place after steepening of the valley sides by glacial erosion and melting of the glaciers. Movement followed preexisting discontinuities in the rock. A survey course approximately 2.4 km (1.5 mi) long has been placed across .the fractured ridge. It will be monitored periodically to determine whether movement is continuing, and if so, at what rate.
","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Radbruch-Hall, D.H., Barnes, D.J., and Colton, R.B., 1977, Gravitational spreading of steep-sided ridges (\"sackung\") in Colorado: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 5, no. 3, p. 359-363.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"359","endPage":"363","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":404374,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":404373,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1977/vol5issue3/report.pdf","size":"20263 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Bald Eagle Mountain, Dolores Peak, San Miguel Mountains, Sawatch Range, Wilson Mountains Primitive Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.09894561767578,\n 37.81968363170122\n ],\n [\n -108.09242248535155,\n 37.81615787094837\n ],\n [\n -108.08383941650389,\n 37.81873440498779\n ],\n [\n -108.07353973388672,\n 37.82849729680379\n ],\n [\n -108.07783126831055,\n 37.83500517383701\n ],\n [\n -108.08383941650389,\n 37.84097022350018\n ],\n [\n -108.09173583984374,\n 37.84625702333661\n ],\n [\n -108.10186386108398,\n 37.84544369418375\n ],\n [\n -108.11182022094725,\n 37.835411897091795\n ],\n [\n -108.11113357543944,\n 37.82971756747229\n ],\n [\n -108.10598373413086,\n 37.82266683618851\n ],\n [\n -108.09894561767578,\n 37.81968363170122\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.45209884643555,\n 40.0214032817301\n ],\n [\n -105.45089721679688,\n 40.02150187592065\n ],\n [\n -105.44973850250244,\n 40.02107463339935\n ],\n [\n -105.44780731201172,\n 40.021041768479186\n ],\n [\n -105.44754981994627,\n 40.021764793065564\n ],\n [\n -105.44325828552245,\n 40.02403241138787\n ],\n [\n -105.44064044952391,\n 40.02422959202802\n ],\n [\n -105.44034004211426,\n 40.02528121248395\n ],\n [\n -105.44059753417969,\n 40.027285819075146\n ],\n [\n -105.43772220611572,\n 40.028797450660306\n ],\n [\n -105.43583393096924,\n 40.03053907160693\n ],\n [\n -105.43132781982422,\n 40.03247780488374\n ],\n [\n -105.43330192565918,\n 40.03461363367753\n ],\n [\n -105.43742179870605,\n 40.03454791686587\n ],\n [\n -105.43939590454102,\n 40.03619081816009\n ],\n [\n -105.44390201568602,\n 40.0365522511334\n ],\n [\n -105.4465627670288,\n 40.03737368258489\n ],\n [\n -105.45094013214111,\n 40.03727511133317\n ],\n [\n -105.45574665069579,\n 40.03701225396525\n ],\n [\n -105.45853614807129,\n 40.03763653855963\n ],\n [\n -105.45883655548096,\n 40.03579652545903\n ],\n [\n -105.4608964920044,\n 40.03467935042589\n ],\n [\n -105.46510219573975,\n 40.03145915528689\n ],\n [\n -105.46604633331299,\n 40.02863314450195\n ],\n [\n -105.46737670898438,\n 40.02794305431508\n ],\n [\n -105.46759128570555,\n 40.025314075362\n ],\n [\n -105.46621799468994,\n 40.02350659356135\n ],\n [\n -105.46162605285645,\n 40.022389217224365\n ],\n [\n -105.45737743377684,\n 40.022093438072005\n ],\n [\n -105.4544162750244,\n 40.02074598348557\n ],\n [\n -105.45209884643555,\n 40.0214032817301\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Radbruch-Hall, Dorothy H.","contributorId":102462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Radbruch-Hall","given":"Dorothy","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barnes, David J.","contributorId":293583,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barnes","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Colton, Roger B.","contributorId":17967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colton","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70233532,"text":"70233532 - 1977 - Borehole geophysical investigations in the south Texas uranium district","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-22T16:27:19.387238","indexId":"70233532","displayToPublicDate":"1977-05-01T11:15:28","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Borehole geophysical investigations in the south Texas uranium district","docAbstract":"Contrasts of electrical properties between uranium deposits and their host rocks in South Texas are subtle. In places where deposits are small or deep, conventional geophysical well-logging techniques and hole-to-hole measurements may be the only practical method to detect changes in rock properties associated with the occurrence of uranium ore deposits. Two separate ore-producing areas in South Texas were chosen for studying borehole geophysical techniques applied to uranium-exploration problems. Extensive measurements of physical properties were made on cores and taken from holes where electrical-resistivity, induced-polarization and gamam-ray logs were run. These analyses show that: (1) induced-polarization anomalies are caused by a change in pyrite content and clay-sized material content and (2) resistivity anomalies are associated with a change in clay-sized material content and cementation. In addition to conventional borehole techniques, hole-to-hole induced-polarization and resistivity tests were made in South Texas. These measurements were made by placing a current source down one hole and a receiver cable down an adjacent hole whose separation ranged from 30 to 300 m and hole depths varied from 80 to 270 m. These tests show that hole-to-hole measurements can be used to detect changes in physical properties, associated with uranium ore, that occur between boreholes. Hole-to-hole measurements provide a link between surface measurements and well logs and can minimize the amount of drilling needed to locate an ore deposit. Accordingly, borehole geophysics will become an increasingly important evaluation tool as mineral exploration goes deeper.
","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Starkey, H.S., 1977, Borehole geophysical investigations in the south Texas uranium district: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 5, no. 3, p. 343-357.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"343","endPage":"357","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":404360,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":404359,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1977/vol5issue3/report.pdf","size":"20263 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.536376953125,\n 28.408312587374258\n ],\n [\n -97.0257568359375,\n 28.408312587374258\n ],\n [\n -97.0257568359375,\n 29.286398892934763\n ],\n [\n -98.536376953125,\n 29.286398892934763\n ],\n [\n -98.536376953125,\n 28.408312587374258\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Starkey, Harry S.","contributorId":293582,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Starkey","given":"Harry","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70233530,"text":"70233530 - 1977 - Hydration dating of volcanism at Newberry Crater, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-22T16:14:24.978997","indexId":"70233530","displayToPublicDate":"1977-05-01T11:03:09","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydration dating of volcanism at Newberry Crater, Oregon","docAbstract":"Obsidian hydration dating of pumice and obsidian from Newberry Crater, Oreg., shows that the postcaldera activity began about 6700 yr ago and that the latest major eruptive event occurred about 1400 yr B.P. Two of the hydration dates correlate with 14C-dated pumice eruptions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Friedman, I., 1977, Hydration dating of volcanism at Newberry Crater, Oregon: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 5, no. 3, p. 337-342.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"337","endPage":"342","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":404354,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":404353,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1977/vol5issue3/report.pdf","size":"20263 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Newberry Crater","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.27773284912108,\n 43.71404582720247\n ],\n [\n -121.27567291259764,\n 43.70957890823799\n ],\n [\n -121.27498626708983,\n 43.7033743018018\n ],\n [\n -121.27052307128905,\n 43.69915480258559\n ],\n [\n -121.2660598754883,\n 43.69716905314008\n ],\n [\n -121.2677764892578,\n 43.693942070030566\n ],\n [\n -121.26537322998048,\n 43.69145965716313\n ],\n [\n -121.25610351562499,\n 43.69145965716313\n ],\n [\n -121.25198364257811,\n 43.68823236681809\n ],\n [\n -121.23790740966797,\n 43.68351524548153\n ],\n [\n -121.22554779052734,\n 43.67581809328341\n ],\n [\n -121.20460510253906,\n 43.66960999321696\n ],\n [\n -121.18606567382812,\n 43.68003923450592\n ],\n [\n -121.1788558959961,\n 43.70138869210391\n ],\n [\n -121.17919921875001,\n 43.71826427829778\n ],\n [\n -121.1846923828125,\n 43.73315055548809\n ],\n [\n -121.19121551513672,\n 43.74803313328719\n ],\n [\n -121.20288848876955,\n 43.750017197479615\n ],\n [\n -121.21902465820312,\n 43.7492731811147\n ],\n [\n -121.22245788574217,\n 43.74257661763996\n ],\n [\n -121.23550415039062,\n 43.74183250878847\n ],\n [\n -121.23825073242186,\n 43.74332071724287\n ],\n [\n -121.24649047851562,\n 43.74480888870276\n ],\n [\n -121.26091003417969,\n 43.740096218834836\n ],\n [\n -121.26502990722656,\n 43.73736766145917\n ],\n [\n -121.26640319824219,\n 43.73439091160204\n ],\n [\n -121.27601623535156,\n 43.72794077927287\n ],\n [\n -121.27841949462889,\n 43.71851241323161\n ],\n [\n -121.27773284912108,\n 43.71404582720247\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedman, Irving","contributorId":90664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Irving","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70233529,"text":"70233529 - 1977 - Cauldron subsidence of Oligocene age at Mount Lewis, Shoshone Range, Nevada: A reasonable interpretation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-22T16:02:28.786794","indexId":"70233529","displayToPublicDate":"1977-05-01T10:53:34","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cauldron subsidence of Oligocene age at Mount Lewis, Shoshone Range, Nevada: A reasonable interpretation","docAbstract":"James Gilluly has rejected the interpretation of Wrucke and Silberman (U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 876, 1975) that a thrust fault and tear fault mapped by Gilluly and Gates (U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 465, 1965) as structures bounding the upper plate of the Roberts Mountains thrust at Mount Lewis are parts of a ring fracture around an area that underwent volcanic collapse. In his discussion (this volume) of our paper, Gilluly fails to consider important questions that we presented in support of the subsidence hypothesis. Instead of answering these critical questions, Gilluly merely recapitulates the interpretations that he and Gates gave in Professional Paper 465. We presented new information, including a map of one critical area along the cauldron boundary where, among other significant differences in geologic interpretation, we found the ring fault where previously no steep fault was shown. Gilluly believes that the paucity of dikes along the ring fracture at Mount Lewis is highly anomalous for cauldrons. However, the amount of dike rock is comparable to that in known cauldrons (some cauldrons have none) and is what might be expected at high levels in subsidence structures that have undergone relatively little resurgent igneous activity after collapse. Gilluly concludes that in formulating our interpretation of volcanic collapse, we have ignored much evidence that he and Gates have presented on thrust faulting; in the Shoshone Range. On the contrary, we have considered their ideas and have reinterpreted them using new evidence that strongly supports the concept of cauldron subsidence at Mount Lewis.
","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Wrucke, C.T., and Silberman, M.L., 1977, Cauldron subsidence of Oligocene age at Mount Lewis, Shoshone Range, Nevada: A reasonable interpretation: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 5, no. 3, p. 331-335.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"331","endPage":"335","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":404352,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":404351,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1977/vol5issue3/report.pdf","size":"20263 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Mount Lewis, Shoshone Range","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.9062042236328,\n 40.360933936261134\n ],\n [\n -116.81488037109375,\n 40.360933936261134\n ],\n [\n -116.81488037109375,\n 40.431791632323645\n ],\n [\n -116.9062042236328,\n 40.431791632323645\n ],\n [\n -116.9062042236328,\n 40.360933936261134\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wrucke, Chester T.","contributorId":21145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wrucke","given":"Chester","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Silberman, Miles L.","contributorId":92536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silberman","given":"Miles","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70233528,"text":"70233528 - 1977 - Cauldron subsidence near Mount Lewis, Nevada: A misconception","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-22T15:52:13.028079","indexId":"70233528","displayToPublicDate":"1977-05-01T10:38:07","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cauldron subsidence near Mount Lewis, Nevada: A misconception","docAbstract":"The map and interpretation of the geology of the Mount Lewis quadrangle, northern Shoshone Range, Nev., contained in U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 465 (1965) have recently been criticized and reinterpreted by C. T. Wrucke and M. L. Silberman in Professional Paper 876 (1975). I contend, however, that the reinterpretation ignores much cogent evidence and is quite inconsistent with the geometric disposition of the rocks. No justification exists for postulating a caldera.
The faults considered by Wrucke and Silberman to constitute the bounding faults of a caldera hence normal faults downthrown toward the \"caldera\" are in part nonexistent, in part a strike-slip fault formed concurrently with the Roberts thrust fault in Devonian and Mississippian time, and in part a listric thrust branching into the hanging wall of the main thrust. In short, the two real faults of Wrucke and Silberman's postulated caldera ring are about 200 million years older than the Oligocene volcanic rocks dated by Wrucke and Silberman. The paucity of dikes associated with the faults is thus readily understood, whereas it would be highly anomalous were the faults defining a caldera. The evidence for our thrust-fault interpretation was presented in the text, map, and sections of Professional Paper 465; further detail is included here. The evidence is clear and unequivocal: no caldera is here present.
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The chemocline extends in depth from 80 to 100 m (meters) and the steepest gradient is between 98 and 100 m. The monimolimnion is anoxic, contains hydrogen sulflde, and has a salinity about two-thirds that of seawater. Turnover appears to introduce additional sodium chloride from the chemocline to the mixolimnion, but diffusion is probably the dominant mixing mechanism. Vertical profiles show a dichothermic temperature curve. A minimum temperature of 3°C in the chemocline is unexplained, but higher temperatures in the monimolimnion may be a result of solar radiation. At the lower limit of the chemocline there is a sharp decrease in pH, which could be due to bacterial action. Redoubt Lake is probably a relict fiord. The data presented herein support the hypothesis that the lake was gradually isolated from the sea by uplift. While seawater was entering the lake, it probably mixed with the freshwater in the mixolimnion and therefore the monimolimnion is less saline than seawater. Geologic and geophysical evidence support the speculation that significant amounts of saltwater inflow probably ceased about 650-800 years before the present.
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water (highly treated domestic and industrial sewage). By use of a finite-difference method of calculation, changes in basin storage during idealized high-intensity storms were determined for the North Massapequa basin, a typical basin on Long Island. Calculations for a 100- year storm, in which a runoff coefficient of 20 percent was used but in which infiltration rate, storm intensity, storm duration, and return period were varied, indicate that this test basin would not overflow even if the infiltration rate declined from its present 1.5 feet per hour (0.46 meter per hour) to about 0.03 ft/h (0.009 m/h). The large reserve capacity of the test basin and similar basins on Long Island demonstrates the feasibility of using storm-water basins for infiltration of a supplemental water supply (supplemental recharge). If reclaimed water were ponded to a depth of 4 ft (1.2 m) in the test basin and if water application were alternated for equal periods between the test basin and a nearby basin with similar characteristics, the volume of infiltration would be slightly more than two million gallons per day (0.09 cubic meters per second) at an infiltration rate of 1.5 ft/h (0.46 m/h). With supplemental recharge, 60 percent of available storage capacity would be used during a 10-yr storm, and 80 percent would be used during a 100-yr storm, using a runoff coefficient of 20 percent.
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