The effect of nutrient enrichment of red mangroves (Rhizophora mangle) was studied by comparing two mangrove—covered islands in the Indian River at Ft. Pierce, Florida, USA, one (high nutrient) with and one (low nutrient) without a breeding colony of pelicans and egrets. Repeated measurements taken on > 100 tagged branches in each area revealed higher growth rates at the high nutrient site. Trees at the high nutrient site showed greater additions of (1) leaves; (2) reproductive parts; (3) new lateral branches; and (4) larger increments to existing stems. Growth in the fertilized stand also began earlier in the year and had a second maximum not shared by the low nutrient area. Both leaves and fruits at the high nutrient site were richer in nitrogen. More striking than the effects on plant growth, however, was the proportionately much greater stimulation of herbivory by insects in response to nutrient enrichment. Larvae of the five lepidopteran species that we observed feeding on buds or leaves were either more abundant or only present in the high nutrient area, as was the scolytid beetle that infested seedlings before they dropped from the parent tree. This difference in herbivory between sites disappeared when the birds seasonally migrated away from their nesting areas at the high nutrient site. This observation and the demonstration that the mangrove skipper Phocides pigmalion attains a higher growth efficiency on high nutrient leaves are both consistent with the hypothesis that increased nutritive value of vegetation (correlated with the increased concentration of nitrogen) is responsible for the 4x greater losses to herbivores in the high nutrient. Implications for environmental management and in more complex communities are discussed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.2307/1939001","usgsCitation":"Onuf, C.P., Teal, J.M., and Valiela, I., 1977, Interactions of nutrients, plant growth and herbivory in a mangrove ecosystem: Ecology, v. 58, no. 3, p. 514-526, https://doi.org/10.2307/1939001.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"514","endPage":"526","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":366683,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Indian River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.33520698547362,\n 27.466165116128437\n ],\n [\n -80.30679702758789,\n 27.466165116128437\n ],\n [\n -80.30679702758789,\n 27.48345120431016\n ],\n [\n -80.33520698547362,\n 27.48345120431016\n ],\n [\n -80.33520698547362,\n 27.466165116128437\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"58","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Onuf, Christopher P.","contributorId":55091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Onuf","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":768771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Teal, John M.","contributorId":218237,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Teal","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":768772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Valiela, Ivan","contributorId":189387,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Valiela","given":"Ivan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":768773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70233521,"text":"70233521 - 1977 - Streamflow characteristics related to channel geometry in the Missouri River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-22T14:38:13.697974","indexId":"70233521","displayToPublicDate":"1977-05-01T09:21:31","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Streamflow characteristics related to channel geometry in the Missouri River basin","docAbstract":"The relation of flood-frequency characteristics and mean annual runoff values to active-channel and depositional-bar geometry are presented for six regions in the Missouri River basin. Equations were derived by regression analyses based on the correlation of flow characteristics with the dimensions of the channel geometry. The flow characteristics also were related to the drainage area and a precipitation parameter for comparison. Data for continuous-record gaging stations were used in the derivation. The standard errors for the equations relating either active-channel or depositional-bar widths to mean annual runoff ranged from 26 to 53 percent. The equations relating either active-channel or depositional-bar widths to the flood-frequency discharges of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 years had standard errors ranging from 29 to 84 percent.
The continuity equation of water and the convection-diffusion equation for a solute are derived by use of an orthogonal curvilinear (natural) coordinate system, which follows the meandering and irregular pattern of natural channel geometry. The solute is assumed to be neutrally buoyant, conservative, and passive. The three-, two-, and one-dimensional equations derived herein represent one of the most satisfactory descriptions of solute transport by turbulent flow in a natural channel.
","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Yotsukura, N., 1977, Derivation of solute-transport equations for a turbulent natural-channel flow: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 5, no. 3, p. 277-284.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"277","endPage":"284","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":404329,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":404328,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1977/vol5issue3/report.pdf","size":"20263 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"5","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yotsukura, Nobuhiro","contributorId":81884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yotsukura","given":"Nobuhiro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70233562,"text":"70233562 - 1977 - Determination of 22 minor and trace elements in 8 new USGS standard rocks by instrumental activation analysis with epithermal neutrons","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-25T14:15:23.262596","indexId":"70233562","displayToPublicDate":"1977-05-01T08:59:54","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of 22 minor and trace elements in 8 new USGS standard rocks by instrumental activation analysis with epithermal neutrons","docAbstract":"Epithermal neutron-activation analyses results of the 8 new USGS standard rocks are compared with results by spectrographic, X-ray fluorimetric, atomic absorption, radiochemical neutron-activation, instrumental neutron-activation (thermal neutrons), isotope-dilution mass spectrometric, spectrofluorimetric, radioisotopic dilution and delayed-neutron techniques for 22 elements. Results indicate the technique to be useful and dependable especially for Ni, Se, Rb, Sr, Mo, Ba, Tm, Ta, Th and U.
","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Rowe, J., and Steinnes, E., 1977, Determination of 22 minor and trace elements in 8 new USGS standard rocks by instrumental activation analysis with epithermal neutrons: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 5, no. 3, p. 397-402.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"397","endPage":"402","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":404425,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":404424,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1977/vol5issue3/report.pdf","size":"20263 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"5","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rowe, J.J.","contributorId":29460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowe","given":"J.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steinnes, Eiliv","contributorId":293607,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Steinnes","given":"Eiliv","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70233561,"text":"70233561 - 1977 - A new method for determining the solubility of salts in aqueous solutions at elevated temperatures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-25T13:59:01.479685","indexId":"70233561","displayToPublicDate":"1977-05-01T08:47:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new method for determining the solubility of salts in aqueous solutions at elevated temperatures","docAbstract":"A new method for measuring the solubility of simple salts in water at elevated temperatures involves heating assemblages of salt crystals plus solution vapor at a constant rate in a platinum-lined bomb. The dissolution of the last salt crystal is evidenced by a distinct discontinuity in the pressure-temperature curve. Studies of the solubilities of NaCl and of KC1 in water yielded equations expressing the solubility as functions of temperature, t in °C, at the vapor pressure of the solutions as follows:
weight percent NaCl=26.218+0.0072t+0.000106t2±0.05 weight percent NaCl
weight percent KCl=27.839+0.0794t+0.000027t2±0.10 weight percent KCl
The NaCl and KC1 data were measured over the temperature range 148° to 425°C and 148° to 371°C, respectively. However, the equation for NaCl appears to be valid over the range 0° to 800°C, and the KC1 equation appears valid over the range 100° to 450°C.
","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Potter, R.W., Babcock, S., and Brown, D.L., 1977, A new method for determining the solubility of salts in aqueous solutions at elevated temperatures: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 5, no. 3, p. 389-395.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"389","endPage":"395","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":404423,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":404422,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1977/vol5issue3/report.pdf","size":"20263 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"5","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Potter, Robert W. II","contributorId":67899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Potter","given":"Robert","suffix":"II","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Babcock, Scott","contributorId":293606,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Babcock","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, David L.","contributorId":55425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70233560,"text":"70233560 - 1977 - Distribution of some biostratigraphically diagnostic ostracodes in the Pliocene and lower Pleistocene of Virginia and northern North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-25T13:43:29.258911","indexId":"70233560","displayToPublicDate":"1977-05-01T08:27:56","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of some biostratigraphically diagnostic ostracodes in the Pliocene and lower Pleistocene of Virginia and northern North Carolina","docAbstract":"Ostracodes are abundant and diverse in Pliocene and lower Pleistocene deposits of Virginia and North Carolina. Many readily identified species are short ranging or have well-defined beginning and (or) end points to their stratigraphic range. These microscopic crustaceans, therefore, are very useful in zonation and correlation in the region. In this paper, 54 particularly useful species are illustrated, and their ranges are indicated graphically. The range zones, concurrent range zones, and local range zones of these forms allow the recognition of the chronozones of previously proposed ostracode assemblage zones in Virginia and North Carolina as well as in other regions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Hazel, J.E., 1977, Distribution of some biostratigraphically diagnostic ostracodes in the Pliocene and lower Pleistocene of Virginia and northern North Carolina: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 5, no. 3, p. 373-388.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"373","endPage":"388","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":404421,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":404420,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1977/vol5issue3/report.pdf","size":"20263 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.190185546875,\n 35.11990857099681\n ],\n [\n -75.673828125,\n 35.53222622770337\n ],\n [\n -75.52001953125,\n 35.92464453144099\n ],\n [\n -75.728759765625,\n 36.474306755095235\n ],\n [\n -75.904541015625,\n 36.958671131530316\n ],\n [\n -75.4541015625,\n 37.83148014503288\n ],\n [\n -78.44238281249999,\n 37.996162679728116\n ],\n [\n -79.1015625,\n 35.05698043137265\n ],\n [\n -76.190185546875,\n 35.11990857099681\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hazel, Joseph E. Jr.","contributorId":15609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hazel","given":"Joseph","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":847412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70233559,"text":"70233559 - 1977 - Depositional environments as a guide to uranium mineralization in the Chinle Formation, San Rafael Swell, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-25T13:25:57.9602","indexId":"70233559","displayToPublicDate":"1977-05-01T08:15:02","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Depositional environments as a guide to uranium mineralization in the Chinle Formation, San Rafael Swell, Utah","docAbstract":"Uranium deposits in the San Rafael Swell are related to sedimentary depositional environments in the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation. The sedimentary textures resulting from depositional processes operating in low-energy environments appear to have influenced uranium mineralization. The Ohinle consists of three fining-upward, fluvial-lacustrine sequences. Uranium minerals are concentrated in the lower part of the lowest sequence in areas where sediments of low-energy environments are complexly interbedded with sediments of other environments. Areas favorable for uranium exploration exist in the subsurface to the north, west, and south of the Chinle outcrop in the Swell. This determination is based on the spatial distribution of depositional environments and the pattern of Chinle deposition through time.
","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Lupe, R., 1977, Depositional environments as a guide to uranium mineralization in the Chinle Formation, San Rafael Swell, Utah: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 5, no. 3, p. 365-372.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"365","endPage":"372","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":404419,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":404418,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1977/vol5issue3/report.pdf","size":"20263 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Chinle Formation, Colorado Plateau, San Rafael Swell","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.75180053710938,\n 38.60721278935162\n ],\n [\n -110.66253662109375,\n 38.66942832560808\n ],\n [\n -110.58975219726562,\n 38.67586133295116\n ],\n [\n -110.52108764648438,\n 38.76479194327964\n ],\n [\n -110.46615600585938,\n 38.84291652482239\n ],\n [\n -110.41397094726562,\n 38.94338908847991\n ],\n [\n -110.42495727539062,\n 39.01278165162774\n ],\n [\n -110.45379638671874,\n 39.06184913429154\n ],\n [\n -110.54443359375,\n 39.07784203269269\n ],\n [\n -110.60623168945312,\n 39.08423817730926\n ],\n [\n -110.68450927734375,\n 39.12153746241925\n ],\n [\n -110.68588256835938,\n 39.09063374203144\n ],\n [\n -110.72708129882811,\n 39.105554471086165\n ],\n [\n -110.76553344726561,\n 39.09063374203144\n ],\n [\n -110.81222534179688,\n 39.09276546806873\n ],\n [\n -110.87539672851561,\n 39.06504800388501\n ],\n [\n -110.88226318359375,\n 39.01384869832171\n ],\n [\n -110.9124755859375,\n 39.01491572891582\n ],\n [\n -110.9124755859375,\n 38.98503278695909\n ],\n [\n -110.94268798828125,\n 38.92309226598178\n ],\n [\n -110.9344482421875,\n 38.852542390364235\n ],\n [\n -110.99349975585938,\n 38.82580065919523\n ],\n [\n -111.0333251953125,\n 38.83863794429496\n ],\n [\n -111.03881835937499,\n 38.80440003947544\n ],\n [\n -111.10748291015625,\n 38.7637211488416\n ],\n [\n -111.09374999999999,\n 38.71766178810086\n ],\n [\n -111.0333251953125,\n 38.6897975322717\n ],\n [\n -111.0113525390625,\n 38.65227081329621\n ],\n [\n -110.90011596679688,\n 38.609359051609665\n ],\n [\n -110.75180053710938,\n 38.60721278935162\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lupe, Robert","contributorId":38130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lupe","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70009887,"text":"70009887 - 1977 - The age of groundwater in the Lincolnshire Limestone, England and its relevance to the flow mechanism","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-10T15:58:16.607618","indexId":"70009887","displayToPublicDate":"1977-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The age of groundwater in the Lincolnshire Limestone, England and its relevance to the flow mechanism","docAbstract":"Groundwater samples from the Lincolnshire Limestone have been analysed for tritium, radiocarbon, and the stable-isotope ratios
The δ 18O and δ D ratios imply that recharge of the aquifer during the late Pleistocene took place in the spring and autumn rather than the winter as at present. The data are interpreted by assuming that movement of water through the saturated zone is a combination of flow in fissures and “piston flow” through the micro-fissures and pores of the rock. The mechanism of water movement in the saturated zone is dominated by relatively rapid flow in fissures, but the fissure flow includes a contribution of much older water from “intergranular” storage which enters the fissures from the rock matrix by pressure differentials in the fissure distribution system and by diffusion. The distribution of water of different ages in the aquifer is closely related to recent groundwater abstraction patterns.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(77)90035-X","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Downing, R., Smith, D.B., Pearson, F., Monkhouse, R., and Otlet, R., 1977, The age of groundwater in the Lincolnshire Limestone, England and its relevance to the flow mechanism: Journal of Hydrology, v. 33, no. 3-4, p. 201-216, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(77)90035-X.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"201","endPage":"216","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219493,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"England","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -1.569367198611502,\n 55.83344865674502\n ],\n [\n -4.00421712081976,\n 54.53734668289741\n ],\n [\n -2.7970653838435595,\n 51.74310947717444\n ],\n [\n -3.0625949000342825,\n 51.38897089027556\n ],\n [\n -4.598480869790404,\n 51.135281217092206\n ],\n [\n -6.286147946606356,\n 49.94852677318424\n ],\n [\n -3.7972539932850147,\n 50.10098547629013\n ],\n [\n -1.569367198611502,\n 50.64508635165089\n ],\n [\n 1.2405774951434125,\n 50.83804783552037\n ],\n [\n 2.008712239038232,\n 52.58363962347701\n ],\n [\n 0.5593430736501261,\n 54.18134611667105\n ],\n [\n -1.569367198611502,\n 55.83344865674502\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"33","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba9aee4b08c986b322427","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Downing, R.A.","contributorId":25293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downing","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, D. B. davidsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":12840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.","email":"davidsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pearson, F.J.","contributorId":58262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearson","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Monkhouse, R.A.","contributorId":15071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monkhouse","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Otlet, R.L.","contributorId":76998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otlet","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70209765,"text":"70209765 - 1977 - Discrimination of hydrothermal altered and unaltered rocks in visible and near infrared multispectral images","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-24T17:21:36.439913","indexId":"70209765","displayToPublicDate":"1977-04-24T12:16:15","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Discrimination of hydrothermal altered and unaltered rocks in visible and near infrared multispectral images","docAbstract":"Mineralogical differences between altered rocks and most unaltered rocks in south-central Nevada cause visible and near-infrared (0.45 to 2.4 mu m) spectral-reflectance differences which can be used to discriminate these broad categories of rocks in multispectral images. The most important mineralogical differences are the increased abundance of goethite, hematite, and jarosite, and the presence of alunite, montmorillonite, and kaolinite in the altered rocks. Analysis of reflectance spectra recorded in the field showed that the altered rock spectra are characterized by broad absorption bands in the 0.45-0.50 mu m and 0.85-0.95 mu m regions which are due to electronic processes in the iron ions, and a band near 2.2 mu m which is due to vibrational processes in the OH ions. These features are absent or weak in most of the unaltered rock spectra. Therefore, the shapes of the 0.45-2.4 mu m spectra for these altered and unaltered rocks are conspicuously different. However, because of the wavelength positions and widths of the Landsat Multispectral Scanner (MSS) bands, these spectral differences are not apparent in individual or color-infrared composite MSS images.The technique developed to enhance these subtle spectral differences combines rationing of the MSS bands and contrast stretching. The stretched ratio values are used to produce black-and-white images which depict materials according to spectral reflectance; ratioing minimizes the influence of topography and overall albedo on the grouping of spectrally similar materials. Color compositing of two or more stretched ratio images to form color-ratio composites provides additional enhancement. The most effective color-ratio composite for discriminating between the altered and unaltered areas, as well as among many of the unaltered rocks in south-central Nevada, was prepared using the following diazo color and stretched ratio image combinations: blue for MSS 4/5, yellow for MSS 5/6, and magenta for MSS 6/7. Altered areas appear green and brown in this combination.Field evaluation of this color-ratio composite shows that excluding alluvial areas, approximately 80 percent of the green and brown color patterns are related to hydrothermal alteration. The remaining 20 percent consists mainly of pink hematitic crystallized tuff, a result of vapor-phase crystallization, and of tan and red ferruginous shale and siltstone. Discrimination of this unaltered tuff from the altered rocks may be possible in the 2.2 mu m region because this absorption band is absent in the tuff spectra. However, because the shale and siltstone are mineralogically and spectrally similar to the altered rocks, there appears to be little prospect of distinguishing these rocks from altered rocks in visible and near-infrared multispectral images.
","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.1190/1.1440723","usgsCitation":"Rowan, L.C., Goetz, A.F., and Ashley, R.P., 1977, Discrimination of hydrothermal altered and unaltered rocks in visible and near infrared multispectral images: Geophysics, v. 42, no. 3, p. 522-535, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1440723.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"522","endPage":"535","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":374260,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"South Central Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.89404296875,\n 38.25543637637947\n ],\n [\n -117.35595703124999,\n 37.10776507118514\n ],\n [\n -117.39990234375,\n 38.46219172306828\n ],\n [\n -118.89404296875,\n 38.51378825951165\n ],\n [\n -118.89404296875,\n 38.25543637637947\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rowan, L. C.","contributorId":40584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowan","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goetz, Alexander F.H.","contributorId":43747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goetz","given":"Alexander","middleInitial":"F.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ashley, Roger P. ashley@usgs.gov","contributorId":2749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ashley","given":"Roger","email":"ashley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":787923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70209764,"text":"70209764 - 1977 - Mapping of hydrothermal alteration in the Cuprite mining district, Nevada, using aircraft scanner images for the spectral region 0.46 to 2.36µm","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-24T16:57:44.507298","indexId":"70209764","displayToPublicDate":"1977-04-24T11:51:35","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping of hydrothermal alteration in the Cuprite mining district, Nevada, using aircraft scanner images for the spectral region 0.46 to 2.36µm","docAbstract":"Color composites of Landsat Multispectral Scanner ratio images that display variations in the intensity of ferric-iron absorption bands are highly effective for mapping limonitic altered rocks but are ineffective for mapping nonlimonitic altered rocks. Analysis of 0.45- to 2.5-µm field and laboratory spectra shows that iron-deficient opalized rocks in the Cuprite mining district, Nevada, have an intense OH-absorption band near 2.2 µm, owing to their content of clay minerals and alunite, and that this spectral feature is absent or weak in adjacent unaltered tuff and basalt. Altered rocks in the district can be discriminated from unaltered rocks with few ambiguities by use of color-ratio composite images derived from multispectral (0.46 to 2.36 µm) aircraft data. In addition, some effects of mineralogical zoning can be discriminated within the altered area. Only variations in amounts of limonite can be discerned in shorter wavelength aircraft data, Landsat Multispectral Scanner bands, and color aerial photographs.
","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1977)5<713:MOHAIT>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Adams, M.J., Ashley, R.P., Rowan, L.C., Goetz, A.F., and Kahle, A., 1977, Mapping of hydrothermal alteration in the Cuprite mining district, Nevada, using aircraft scanner images for the spectral region 0.46 to 2.36µm: Geology, v. 5, no. 12, p. 713-718, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1977)5<713:MOHAIT>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"713","endPage":"718","costCenters":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374259,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Cuprite mining district","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.43286132812499,\n 38.112949789189614\n ],\n [\n -116.62536621093749,\n 38.112949789189614\n ],\n [\n -116.62536621093749,\n 38.805470223177466\n ],\n [\n -117.43286132812499,\n 38.805470223177466\n ],\n [\n -117.43286132812499,\n 38.112949789189614\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adams, M. J. 0000-0001-8844-042X mjadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8844-042X","contributorId":3133,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"M.","email":"mjadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":787916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ashley, Roger P. ashley@usgs.gov","contributorId":2749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ashley","given":"Roger","email":"ashley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":787917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rowan, L. C.","contributorId":40584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowan","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Goetz, Alexander F.H.","contributorId":43747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goetz","given":"Alexander","middleInitial":"F.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kahle, A.B.","contributorId":36928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kahle","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70199453,"text":"70199453 - 1977 - Economic basis of resource information systems: The case of streamflow network design ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-19T10:50:45","indexId":"70199453","displayToPublicDate":"1977-04-18T14:15:33","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Economic basis of resource information systems: The case of streamflow network design ","docAbstract":"A general method for the economic design of natural resource information systems is presented for a certain class of natural phenomena. The system design is determined by the interaction of the technical input‐output relationship, i.e., the production function, the set of resource constraints, and an economic loss function defined in terms of parameter uncertainty. An application of the proposed method to streamflow network design is presented. Results of this analysis indicate that the method is fairly robust with respect to the assumptions. Observations are made which suggest extensions to flood measurement networks, long‐term precipitation networks, and seismic observation network design.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR013i002p00273","usgsCitation":"Attanasi, E., and Karlinger, M., 1977, Economic basis of resource information systems: The case of streamflow network design : Water Resources Research, v. 13, no. 2, p. 273-280, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR013i002p00273.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"273","endPage":"280","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357447,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Attanasi, Emil D. 0000-0001-6845-7160 attanasi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6845-7160","contributorId":198728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attanasi","given":"Emil D.","email":"attanasi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karlinger, M.R.","contributorId":95039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karlinger","given":"M.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70121537,"text":"70121537 - 1977 - Pleistocene barrier bar seaward of ooid shoal complex near Miami, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-25T16:37:36.462267","indexId":"70121537","displayToPublicDate":"1977-04-01T12:40:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pleistocene barrier bar seaward of ooid shoal complex near Miami, Florida","docAbstract":"An ooid sand barrier bar of Pleistocene age was deposited along the seaward side of an ooid shoal complex southwest of Miami, Florida. The bar is 35 km long, about 0.8 km wide, elongate parallel with the trend of the ooid shoal complex and perpendicular to channels between individual shoals. A depression 1.6 km wide, interpreted as a back-barrier channel, isolates the bar from the ooid shoals. During sea-level fall and subaerial exposure of the bar, the ooid sand was cemented in place, preventing migration of the barrier. No Holocene analogue of this sand body is recognized, perhaps because of the relative youthfulness of Holocene ooid shoals. This Pleistocene ooid shoal complex, with its reservoir-size barrier bar, may serve as a refined model for exploration in ancient ooid sand belts.
An estimated 233 + 16 (95% C.I.) pairs of ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) nested in coastal New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia in 1975. The present populations were considerably smaller than those reported for selected locations at the turn of the century in these four states. The New Jersey population has continued to decline during the last 25 years, although it showed some signs of improved production in 1974-75. The insecticide DDT was used intensively in New Jersey for mosquito control from about 1946 until 1966; its use in the other states was much less intensive, and of shorter duration. In a segment of the pelaware population of ospreys, production was normal and numbers increased slightly in 1970-75. Fragmentary information from Maryland suggests that the number of pairs nesting on duck blinds was about the same in 1958 and 1975. The population in coastal Virginia north of Cape Henry increased from 1970 to 1975. DDE residues in osprey eggs were highest in the areas showing the greatest population declines and the lowest production rates.
","language":"English","doi":"10.2307/3800602","usgsCitation":"Henny, C.J., Byrd, M.A., Jacobs, J., McLain, P., Todd, M., and Halla, B., 1977, Mid-Atlantic coast osprey population: Present numbers, productivity, pollutant contamination, and status: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 41, no. 2, p. 254-265, https://doi.org/10.2307/3800602.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"254","endPage":"265","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198451,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a57e4b07f02db62e8ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henny, Charles J.","contributorId":12578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Byrd, M. A.","contributorId":49477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byrd","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jacobs, J.A.","contributorId":97599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobs","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McLain, P.D.","contributorId":97596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLain","given":"P.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Todd, M.R.","contributorId":53497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Todd","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Halla, B.F.","contributorId":74104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halla","given":"B.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70236968,"text":"70236968 - 1977 - Monitoring irrigated land acreage using Landsat imagery: An application example","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-23T16:34:15.699783","indexId":"70236968","displayToPublicDate":"1977-04-01T11:24:27","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Monitoring irrigated land acreage using Landsat imagery: An application example","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the eleventh International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"11th International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment","conferenceDate":"April 25-29, 1977","conferenceLocation":"Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States","language":"English","publisher":"Environmental Research Institute of Michigan","usgsCitation":"Draeger, W.C., 1977, Monitoring irrigated land acreage using Landsat imagery: An application example, in Proceedings of the eleventh International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States, April 25-29, 1977, p. 515-524.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"515","endPage":"524","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":407266,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":407265,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://symposia.org/past_symposia.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Klamath River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.49755859375,\n 42.049292638686836\n ],\n [\n -117.344970703125,\n 42.01665183556825\n ],\n [\n -117.23510742187501,\n 42.771211138625894\n ],\n [\n -117.147216796875,\n 43.57243174740972\n ],\n [\n -117.828369140625,\n 44.4808302785626\n ],\n [\n -119.39941406249999,\n 44.83249999349062\n ],\n [\n -120.970458984375,\n 44.25306865928177\n ],\n [\n -121.10229492187501,\n 43.16512263158296\n ],\n [\n -122.508544921875,\n 42.431565872579185\n ],\n [\n -122.49755859375,\n 42.049292638686836\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Draeger, William C.","contributorId":46522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Draeger","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":852859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1001517,"text":"1001517 - 1977 - Duck nesting in intensively farmed areas of North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-14T20:12:31.256062","indexId":"1001517","displayToPublicDate":"1977-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Duck nesting in intensively farmed areas of North Dakota","docAbstract":"A study to determine the major factors limiting duck nesting and production on intensively farmed areas in eastern North Dakota was conducted from 1969 through 1974. A total of 186 duck nests was found during searches on 6,018 ha of upland. Nest density per km2 for 5 major habitat types was 20.2 in untilled upland, 3.7 in standing grain stubble, 1.6 in mulched grain stubble, 1.2 in summer fallow, and 1.1 in growing grain. Pintails (Anas acuta) nested in cultivated cropland types in greater prevalence than other duck species. Nest densities were 12 times greater on untilled upland (20.2/km2) than on annually tilled cropland (1.7/km2), and hatched-clutch densities were 16 times greater on untilled upland (4.8/km2) than on annually tilled cropland (0.3/km2). Hatching success was greater on untilled upland (25%) than on tilled cropland (17%). Of 186 nests found, 77 percent did not hatch; 76 percent of the failures were attributed to predators and 19 percent to farming operations. Poor quality nesting cover, the result of intensive land use practices, and nesting failures caused by machinery and predators mainly mammals, were the principal factors limiting duck nesting and production on intensively farmed areas.
","language":"English","doi":"10.2307/3800600","usgsCitation":"Higgins, K., 1977, Duck nesting in intensively farmed areas of North Dakota: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 41, no. 2, p. 232-242, https://doi.org/10.2307/3800600.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"232","endPage":"242","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133769,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North 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Dakota\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"41","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5ee4b07f02db633b29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Higgins, K.F.","contributorId":55767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higgins","given":"K.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1007784,"text":"1007784 - 1977 - Sterility among female lizards (Uta stansburiana) exposed to continuous gamma irradiation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-14T15:45:08.786615","indexId":"1007784","displayToPublicDate":"1977-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3224,"text":"Radiation Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sterility among female lizards (Uta stansburiana) exposed to continuous gamma irradiation","docAbstract":"A natural population of the lizard Uta stansburiana occupying a fenced 9-ha area in southern Nevada was exposed to essentially continuous γ irradiation from an artificial source between February 1964 and September 1973. Tissue doses were estimated using implanted lithium fluoride microdosimeters. Females became sterile as early as 11 months of age, but many were still fertile at ages of 20 months and a very few may have reproduced at 32 months. Dosimetry showed some females to be sterile after accumulated doses of around 500 rad, while others may have required 1000 or more rad. One female estimated to have received over 1200 rad was still reproductive. Irradiated females may pass through a state of half sterility, during which time they possess one functional ovary. Female U. stansburiana are sterilized at lower doses than the sterilizing dose (1500 rad) previously suggested for the leopard lizard, Crotaphytus wislizenii.
","language":"English","publisher":"Allen Press","doi":"10.2307/3574739","usgsCitation":"Turner, F., and Medica, P., 1977, Sterility among female lizards (Uta stansburiana) exposed to continuous gamma irradiation: Radiation Research, v. 70, no. 1, p. 154-163, https://doi.org/10.2307/3574739.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"154","endPage":"163","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129887,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"southern Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.85917479708911,\n 37.53045764413265\n ],\n [\n -115.26217562525778,\n 35.48886189107081\n ],\n [\n -114.47283015098797,\n 34.669013146839035\n ],\n [\n -114.04438866481567,\n 34.862210559167366\n ],\n [\n -114.04438866481567,\n 37.64459407689792\n ],\n [\n -117.85917479708911,\n 37.53045764413265\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"70","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4434","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Turner, F.B.","contributorId":95414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"F.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Medica, P.A.","contributorId":77079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Medica","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70209077,"text":"70209077 - 1977 - Mercury, arsenic, lead, cadmium, and selenium residues in fish, 1971-73--National Pesticide Monitoring Program.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-13T09:52:42","indexId":"70209077","displayToPublicDate":"1977-03-13T09:48:54","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3038,"text":"Pesticides Monitoring Journal","onlineIssn":" 0031-615","printIssn":" 0031-615","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury, arsenic, lead, cadmium, and selenium residues in fish, 1971-73--National Pesticide Monitoring Program.","docAbstract":"As part of the National Pesticide Monitoring Program, the Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Department of Interior, analyzed selected fish samples from 100 monitoring stations for residues of mercury, arsenic, lead, cadmium, or selenium in 1971-73. At most stations, detectable residues of all metals were present in more than 95 percent of the composite samples. Fishes with mercury residues exceeding 0.5 mg/kg wet weight in the whole fish were mainly predators. Fishes with residues of arsenic, lead, cadmium, and selenium exceeding 0.5 mg/kg included predatory and nonpredatory species. The number of composite samples in which residues of these elements exceeded 0.5 mg/kg decreased from 1971 to 1973, whereas the percentage of samples with detectable residues increased slightly. Only selected samples were analyzed in 1973; therefore, these figures should be used only cautiously as trend data. Species of fish collected varied considerably between geographic regions but were similar from year to year within each region.
","language":"English","publisher":"NCBI","usgsCitation":"Walsh, D.F., Berger, B.L., and Bean, J.R., 1977, Mercury, arsenic, lead, cadmium, and selenium residues in fish, 1971-73--National Pesticide Monitoring Program.: Pesticides Monitoring Journal, v. 11, no. 1, p. 5-34.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"5","endPage":"34","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":373243,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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States\"}}]}","volume":"11","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walsh, D. F.","contributorId":34860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"D.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":784809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berger, Bernard L.","contributorId":20373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger","given":"Bernard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":784810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bean, Jared R","contributorId":147876,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bean","given":"Jared","email":"","middleInitial":"R","affiliations":[{"id":16951,"text":"Department of Geosciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":784811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70199583,"text":"70199583 - 1977 - Clay-mineral variability in the suspended sediments of the San Francisco Bay system, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-20T21:40:30","indexId":"70199583","displayToPublicDate":"1977-03-01T21:40:11","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2451,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Research","onlineIssn":"1938-3681","printIssn":"1527-1404","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Clay-mineral variability in the suspended sediments of the San Francisco Bay system, California","docAbstract":"Semiquantitative determinations of the clay-mineral composition have been made on nearly synoptic samples of surface suspended sediments collected seasonally throughout the San Francisco Bay system. The relative amounts of chlorite + kaolinite are generally highest in the northern reach of the system, whereas illite is dominant in the southern reach. The proportion of montmorillonite is low throughout the bay. Time-series and replicate samples collected at individual stations show that the difference in clay-mineral content between reaches is real and reflects a change in the source of clay-mineral particles within the bay. The Sacramento-San Joaquin river system supplies the northern reach, whereas most clay-mineral particles come from resuspension by waves and tidal currents in the southern reach. Analyses of bottom sediments and the spatial variability in the northern reach suggest that the relationship between the abundance and sources of clay minerals may, in turn, be a function of particle size. This study demonstrates the utility of suspended clay minerals in the interpretation of sediment-dispersal patterns in estuaries.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Sedimentary Geology","doi":"10.1306/212F7135-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Knebel, H.J., Conomos, T.J., and Commeau, J., 1977, Clay-mineral variability in the suspended sediments of the San Francisco Bay system, California: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 47, no. 1, p. 229-236, https://doi.org/10.1306/212F7135-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"229","endPage":"236","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357598,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","volume":"47","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knebel, Harley J.","contributorId":25930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knebel","given":"Harley","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conomos, T. J.","contributorId":77515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conomos","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Commeau, J.A.","contributorId":21549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Commeau","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70233097,"text":"70233097 - 1977 - Phytoplankton distribution and primary productivity in Donner Lake, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-15T17:19:27.972374","indexId":"70233097","displayToPublicDate":"1977-03-01T12:08:53","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phytoplankton distribution and primary productivity in Donner Lake, California","docAbstract":"Donner Lake is an unenriched system in the Lake Tahoe basin of the Sierra Nevada of California. The lake has a surface area of 1.5 square miles (3.9 square kilometres) and a drainage area of 14 mi2 (36 km2). The maximum depth is about 200 feet (60 metres). Between May and December 1973, the phytoplankton in Donner Lake was represented by 6 classes and at least 25 genera. The dominant green alga was the desmid Cosmarium staurastroides, which comprised about 25 percent of the total phytoplankton collected. The dominant diatom was Asterionella formosa, which comprised about 13 percent of the total phytoplankton. Blue-green algae were represented by Chroococcus sp., but were never abundant and constituted only 1.5 percent of the total organisms sampled. The depth of the euphotic zone from May through September ranged from 35 to 93 feet (11 to 28 metres). Thermal stratification was strong throughout the summer with a maximum temperature difference between the surface and bottom water of 17° Celsius in July. Average phytoplankton concentrations were often greater below the euphotic zone than in the euphotic zone. This pattern of phytoplankton distribution is similar to nearby Lake Tahoe and other oligotrophic lakes. Three primary productivity measurements were made during the study using the carbon-14 method. The primary productivity values were 93, 64, and 56 milligrams of carbon per cubic metre per day for May 17, August 13, and October 16, respectively. The productivity profile in May was shallow and unimodal, whereas the August and October profiles were deeper and biomodal. Dissolved-oxygen concentrations were maximum at the same depths as maximum primary productivity. On the basis of phytoplankton types and their vertical distribution patterns, and upon primary productivity measurements, Donner Lake is considered oligotrophic.
","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Dong, A.E., and Averett, R.C., 1977, Phytoplankton distribution and primary productivity in Donner Lake, California: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 5, no. 2, p. 265-276.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"265","endPage":"276","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403842,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403841,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1977/vol5issue2/report.pdf","size":"18181 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Donner Lake, Sierra Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.28861999511717,\n 39.31710116452751\n ],\n [\n -120.28527259826659,\n 39.317233970419544\n ],\n [\n -120.28398513793944,\n 39.31637072761485\n ],\n [\n -120.28046607971191,\n 39.31690195521676\n ],\n [\n -120.27960777282715,\n 39.31663634192001\n ],\n [\n -120.27462959289551,\n 39.31690195521676\n ],\n [\n -120.27119636535645,\n 39.31769878905631\n ],\n [\n -120.26827812194823,\n 39.317233970419544\n ],\n [\n -120.26467323303223,\n 39.318030800477445\n ],\n [\n -120.2566909790039,\n 39.31922602854669\n ],\n [\n -120.25205612182617,\n 39.31896042407387\n ],\n [\n -120.25162696838377,\n 39.32095243303878\n ],\n [\n -120.2504253387451,\n 39.32194841624885\n ],\n [\n -120.24896621704102,\n 39.32241320356028\n ],\n [\n -120.24604797363281,\n 39.32287798778324\n ],\n [\n -120.24373054504395,\n 39.32254599936769\n ],\n [\n -120.23978233337402,\n 39.32101883236065\n ],\n [\n -120.23720741271971,\n 39.32247960149551\n ],\n [\n -120.23772239685059,\n 39.32320997462303\n ],\n [\n -120.23918151855467,\n 39.32301078270824\n ],\n [\n -120.23815155029297,\n 39.32566662826256\n ],\n [\n -120.24158477783203,\n 39.32765844624543\n ],\n [\n -120.25128364562988,\n 39.329251859786815\n ],\n [\n -120.25754928588866,\n 39.32951742518054\n ],\n [\n -120.26707649230957,\n 39.32692811957187\n ],\n [\n -120.2735137939453,\n 39.325401048245354\n ],\n [\n -120.27952194213869,\n 39.32486988518545\n ],\n [\n -120.28450012207031,\n 39.325865812613635\n ],\n [\n -120.28759002685547,\n 39.32407313303189\n ],\n [\n -120.2904224395752,\n 39.323741150289074\n ],\n [\n -120.29007911682129,\n 39.321218029948106\n ],\n [\n -120.29334068298341,\n 39.320089236118676\n ],\n [\n -120.29402732849121,\n 39.319159627523035\n ],\n [\n -120.28947830200195,\n 39.31942523123949\n ],\n [\n -120.28861999511717,\n 39.31710116452751\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dong, Alex E.","contributorId":27476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dong","given":"Alex","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Averett, Robert C.","contributorId":27500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Averett","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70233096,"text":"70233096 - 1977 - The quantitative determination of chlorophylls A and B from freshwater algae without interference from degradation products","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-15T17:08:20.113298","indexId":"70233096","displayToPublicDate":"1977-03-01T12:02:17","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"The quantitative determination of chlorophylls A and B from freshwater algae without interference from degradation products","title":"The quantitative determination of chlorophylls A and B from freshwater algae without interference from degradation products","docAbstract":"Chlorophyll was efficiently extracted from freshwater algae with dimethyl sulfoxide. The extract was chromatographed on commercially available thin-layer cellulose sheets, 2 percent methanol and 98 percent petroleum ether being used as the solvent. Chlorophylls a and b, and phaeophytins a and b were cleanly separated from each other and other degradation products. No artifacts were formed. Recoveries of chlorophylls a and b were 98 and 96 percent as measured by spectrophotometry or fluorometry.
","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Shoaf, W.T., and Lium, B.W., 1977, The quantitative determination of chlorophylls A and B from freshwater algae without interference from degradation products: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 5, no. 2, p. 263-264.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"263","endPage":"264","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403840,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403839,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1977/vol5issue2/report.pdf","size":"18181 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"5","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shoaf, W. Thomas","contributorId":21631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shoaf","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lium, Bruce W.","contributorId":75907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lium","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70170909,"text":"70170909 - 1977 - Geology and water-supply potential of the Anoka Sand Plain aquifer, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-12T11:56:02","indexId":"70170909","displayToPublicDate":"1977-03-01T12:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":293,"text":"Technical Paper","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"6","title":"Geology and water-supply potential of the Anoka Sand Plain aquifer, Minnesota","docAbstract":"Intensified land development on the Anoka sand plain necessitates a better understanding of the hydrogeology of the surficial outwash deposits of the area. The Anoka sand-plain aquifer consists of outwash attributable to two different ice lobes. Predominant grain size of the upper outwash decreases and sorting coefficient increases from west to east. Till or lake deposits underlie most of the surficial outwash. In some areas, these deposits are absent and the aquifer is directly underlain by bedrock, mainly sandstone. Preliminary study indicates that parts of the aquifer may yield several hundred to more than 1,000 gallons of water per minute to properly developed large-diameter wells. Storage in the aquifer is estimated to be 2,000 billion gallons and annual withdrawals approaching 250 billion gallons may be sustained. More detailed analysis is essential for proper management and optimum use of the resource.
","language":"English","publisher":"Minnesota Department of Natural Resources","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","collaboration":"Prepared cooperatively by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources and the U.S. Department of the Interior, Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Helgesen, J.O., and Lindholm, G.F., 1977, Geology and water-supply potential of the Anoka Sand Plain aquifer, Minnesota: Technical Paper 6, 17 p.","productDescription":"17 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321084,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":332588,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.leg.state.mn.us/edocs/edocs?oclcnumber=05392091"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Anoka Sand Plain aquifer","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57330630e4b0dae0d5dcd1c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Helgesen, J. O.","contributorId":62600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helgesen","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lindholm, G. F.","contributorId":88763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindholm","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70233087,"text":"70233087 - 1977 - Possibility of triggering earthquakes by injection of radioactive wastes in shale at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tenn.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-15T16:49:42.579737","indexId":"70233087","displayToPublicDate":"1977-03-01T11:40:46","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Possibility of triggering earthquakes by injection of radioactive wastes in shale at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tenn.","docAbstract":"Most investigators generally agree that the conditions for producing earthquakes by fluid injection through wells and by reservoir construction are (1) the presence of an underlying rock that is stressed to the verge of fracturing by tectonic stresses and (or) is on the brink of sliding on pre-existing fault planes, (2) the presence of potentially active faults(s), and (3) an increase of pore pressure in the rock caused by fluid injection or seepage from reservoir (s), which is probably the triggering force. The mechanism of disposal of radioactive wastes in shale by grout injection and hydraulic fracturing, which has been used at ORNL (Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tenn.) is different from injection of fluid. The injected grout is in its liquid phase only during the injection period and, it is to be hoped, is confined in the hydraulically induced bedding-plane fractures. The grout is then allowed to solidify under pressure after termination of the injection, and, after solidification, it becomes an integral part of the shale. Significant characteristics of the disposal method and the site are as follows: (1) Because of the low permeability of shale and high viscosity of the injection grout, pore pressure in the rock, beyond the region of induced fractures, does not increase due to the injections; the injected grout enters newly formed bedding-plane fractures, (2) the injection site is free of local faults and of major interconnected joints and fractures; accordingly, injected grout in its liquid state is expected to be confined principally in the induced nearly horizontal bedding-plane fractures, and (3) due to low tensile strength along shale bedding planes, the energy needed to induce bedding-plane fractures is small; experiments made at ORNL indicate that the energy released during hydraulic fracturing in shale is so small that seismic signals generated by grout injections cannot be differentiated from ambient ground vibrations. In view of the fact 'that an increase of pore pressure in rock (the triggering force) and association with potentially active fault (s) do not occur at the proposed site at ORNL and that the disposal method does not produce an increase in pore pressure, it can reasonably be concluded that neither the method nor the site has the characteristics for triggering earthquakes during and after grout injections.
","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","collaboration":"Work done in cooperation with the U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration","usgsCitation":"Sun, R.J., 1977, Possibility of triggering earthquakes by injection of radioactive wastes in shale at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tenn.: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 5, no. 2, p. 253-262.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"253","endPage":"262","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403835,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403833,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1977/vol5issue2/report.pdf","size":"18181 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.33036804199219,\n 35.927980690382704\n ],\n [\n -84.20539855957031,\n 35.927980690382704\n ],\n [\n -84.20539855957031,\n 36.0624217151089\n ],\n [\n -84.33036804199219,\n 36.0624217151089\n ],\n [\n -84.33036804199219,\n 35.927980690382704\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sun, R. J.","contributorId":100403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sun","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70233084,"text":"70233084 - 1977 - Effects of dredged channels on trace-metal migration in an estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-15T16:40:07.685295","indexId":"70233084","displayToPublicDate":"1977-03-01T11:33:22","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of dredged channels on trace-metal migration in an estuary","docAbstract":"Determination of trace-metal levels in the sediments of the Matagorda Bay system revealed anomalously high mercury values. The distribution of the mercury-rich sediment deposits is the result of the sedimentological regime of the bay system produced by the tidal currents in the dredged channel. According to this model, the oxygenated open gulf water pushed into the bay by tidal currents activates the mercury and reintroduces it into the sediment regime of the bay in an area where the turbidity maximum is most prevalent. Within this region, the absorption sites are at a maximum, tying up the mercury. The mercury-enriched suspended material is then transported and deposited according to the hydraulic regime within the bay system.
","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Holmes, C.W., 1977, Effects of dredged channels on trace-metal migration in an estuary: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 5, no. 2, p. 243-251.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"243","endPage":"251","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403831,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403829,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1977/vol5issue2/report.pdf","size":"18181 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico, Matagorda Bay, Matagorda Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.8939208984375,\n 28.023500048883022\n ],\n [\n -95.592041015625,\n 28.023500048883022\n ],\n [\n -95.592041015625,\n 28.827831607445855\n ],\n [\n -96.8939208984375,\n 28.827831607445855\n ],\n [\n -96.8939208984375,\n 28.023500048883022\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holmes, Charles W.","contributorId":31071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":846694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70233080,"text":"70233080 - 1977 - Removal of fluorine and lithium from hectorite by solutions spanning a wide range of pH","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-15T16:32:56.038882","indexId":"70233080","displayToPublicDate":"1977-03-01T11:25:32","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Removal of fluorine and lithium from hectorite by solutions spanning a wide range of pH","docAbstract":"One-gram samples of hectorite were treated with 40 millilitres each of hydrochloric acid (6 N), acetic acid (4.5 N), distilled water, natural seawater, sodium chloride (0.6 N), and sodium hydroxide (2.5 N) for 10 days in stoppered plastic centrifuge tubes. X-ray diffraction patterns show that the structure was virtually destroyed by the hydrochloric and acetic acids. Analyses of the supernatant liquids were made to determine amounts of the elements removed by the various treatments. All treatments removed at least some SiO2, MgO, CaO, Li2O, and F. The acids removed most of the lithium and magnesium after 3 days. The fluorine and the magnesium released by the acetic acid began to form sellaite (MgF2 ). After 5 days, sufficient sellaite was produced to be discernible by X-ray diffraction. The loss of silica from the sample when it was treated with sodium hydroxide amounted to about 10 percent of the total sample.
","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Starkey, H., Mountjoy, W., and Gardner, J.M., 1977, Removal of fluorine and lithium from hectorite by solutions spanning a wide range of pH: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 5, no. 2, p. 235-242.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"235","endPage":"242","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403828,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403827,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1977/vol5issue2/report.pdf","size":"18181 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"5","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Starkey, Harry C.","contributorId":102074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Starkey","given":"Harry C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mountjoy, Wayne","contributorId":21973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mountjoy","given":"Wayne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gardner, Johnnie M.","contributorId":293201,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gardner","given":"Johnnie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70233078,"text":"70233078 - 1977 - Activity-product constants of brucite from 10 degrees to 90 degrees C","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-15T16:24:17.246885","indexId":"70233078","displayToPublicDate":"1977-03-01T11:15:22","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Activity-product constants of brucite from 10° to 90°C","title":"Activity-product constants of brucite from 10 degrees to 90 degrees C","docAbstract":"The activity-product constant of brucite, KB= [Mg2+][OH-]2 (where the brackets denote activities), was determined experimentally at 10°, 25°, 40°, 55°, 70°, and 90°C. The values obtained for -log KB are 10.89±0.16 (10°), 10.88±0.10 (25°), 10.90±0.10 (40°), 10.90±0.10 (55°), 10.99±0.14 (70°), and 11.10±0.14 (90°). Using National Bureau of Standards Technical Note 270 data for the ions, the free energy of formation (ΔG°t) at 25° for brucite is 831.486 joules per mole ( 198,730 cal mol-1). Using data compiled by R. A. Robie and D. R. Waldbaum in 1968 for the ions, this ΔG°t is -823,323 J mol-1 (-198,930 cal mol-1).
Values of log KB are also calculated for the temperature range 0° to 200°C, by using thermochemical data listed by V. B. Parker, D. D. Wagman, and W. H. Evans in 1971 and E. G. King, M. J. Ferrante, and L. B. Pankratz in 1975 and the partial molal heat capacities estimated by C. M. Criss and J. W. Cobble in 1965. The experimental values are similar to the calculated values, especially at lower temperatures.
","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"McGee, K., and Hostetler, P.B., 1977, Activity-product constants of brucite from 10 degrees to 90 degrees C: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 5, no. 2, p. 227-233.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"227","endPage":"233","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403824,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403823,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1977/vol5issue2/report.pdf","size":"18181 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"5","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGee, K.A.","contributorId":6059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGee","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hostetler, P. B.","contributorId":107849,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hostetler","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":13719,"text":"Department of Geology, University of Missouri","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":846688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}