{"pageNumber":"595","pageRowStart":"14850","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16446,"records":[{"id":1720,"text":"wsp2029D - 1974 - Geologic and hydrologic control of chloride contamination in aquifers at Brunswick, Glynn County, Georgia","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":52640,"text":"ofr67267 - 1967 - Hydrology and chloride contamination of the principal artesian aquifer in Glynn County, Georgia","indexId":"ofr67267","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrology and chloride contamination of the principal artesian aquifer in Glynn County, Georgia"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1720,"text":"wsp2029D - 1974 - Geologic and hydrologic control of chloride contamination in aquifers at Brunswick, Glynn County, Georgia","indexId":"wsp2029D","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"chapter":"D","title":"Geologic and hydrologic control of chloride contamination in aquifers at Brunswick, Glynn County, Georgia"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-01T09:44:08","indexId":"wsp2029D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2029","chapter":"D","title":"Geologic and hydrologic control of chloride contamination in aquifers at Brunswick, Glynn County, Georgia","docAbstract":"Water from a brackish-water zone (1,050-1,350 ft) has concentrations as high as 2,150 milligrams per liter chloride, and concentrations are suspected to be higher than 3,000 milligrams per liter chloride. This brackish water has been identified as the source of the water that contaminates the upper and lower fresh-water-bearing zones of the principal artesian aquifer. The confining unit separating the fresh and brackish water seems to contain breaks that act as vertical conduits for the movement of brackish water into the fresh-water zones of the aquifer. Faults are suspected to be responsible for the breaks in the confining unit. The rate of upward movement of brackish water seems to be a function of the rate of water-level decline in the aquifer. \r\n\r\nThere are two main areas of brackish-water intrusion. One area is near Bay and Prince Streets, and the other area is near Reynolds and Q Streets. Successive maps showing chloride ion concentration trace the movement of the chloride front northward in the Bay Street area at the rate of about 350 feet per year toward the center of pumping. An average of about 400 gallons per minute of water containing 2,000 milligrams per liter chloride invaded the upper water-bearing zone between December 1962 and December 1966. A like amount may have entered the lower water-bearing zone. Maximum chloride concentration in the upper water-bearing zone is 1,540 milligrams per liter in the Bay Street area and 640 milligrams per liter in the Reynolds Street area. \r\n\r\nIn a few areas, where individual wells have been drilled deep enough to penetrate the confining unit over the brackish-water zone, the well furnishes a conduit for brackish water to recharge the fresh-water aquifer. Plugging the lower part of these wells usually reduces the chloride concentration of the water.\r\n\r\nThe chloride concentration of water in the principal artesian aquifer can probably be reduced by use of interceptor wells, relief wells, or well-field spacing. Interceptor wells would prevent laterally moving brackish water from contaminating a well field. A relief well would tap and withdraw poor quality water from only the brackish-water zone to lower the head in that zone and decrease the rate of leakage into the fresh-water aquifer. Wider spacing of wells would prevent the development of a deep cone of depression and the steeper hydraulic gradients that accompany it. The brackish water pumped by the interceptor or relief wells could be used for industry, aquaculture, recreation, or for other processes in which the chloride content is not critical.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2029D","usgsCitation":"Gregg, D.O., and Zimmerman, E.A., 1974, Geologic and hydrologic control of chloride contamination in aquifers at Brunswick, Glynn County, Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2029, v, 44 p. :ill. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2029D.","productDescription":"v, 44 p. :ill. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science 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Dean O.","contributorId":28577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gregg","given":"Dean","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zimmerman, Everett Alfred","contributorId":18729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"Everett","email":"","middleInitial":"Alfred","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":14686,"text":"ofr7439 - 1974 - Hydrology of the Dismal Swamp, Virginia-North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-23T00:04:19.391593","indexId":"ofr7439","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-39","title":"Hydrology of the Dismal Swamp, Virginia-North Carolina","docAbstract":"<p>The Dismal Swamp, on the border between eastern Virginia and North Carolina is one of the few remaining large (approximately 210,000 acres) areas of wet wilderness in the eastern United States. There has been much speculation concerning the hydrologic conditions that led to the formation of the swamp.</p><p>Oaks and Coch (1973) recently completed a detailed investigation of the geology and morphology of the area. An analysis of their geology and the pollen work of Whitehead (1972) has lead the authors to the following hypothesis concerning the hydrologic conditions that led to the formation of the peat in the swamp.</p><p>A permeable sand facies of the Norfolk Formation underlies Dismal Swamp. This facies was originally completely covered by the Sand Bridge Formation, which is a confining layer, and underlain by the impermeable Yorktown Formation. Movement of water eastward within the Norfolk Formation from the outcrop area on the top of the Suffolk Scarp was further restricted by a less permeable facies of the Norfolk east of the swamp; thereby creating an artesian head within the permeable sand facies of the Norfolk Formation.</p><p>Erosion during the Pleistocene age breached the Sand Bridge confining layer and allowed upward seepage of water along the shallow stream valleys. This seepage, combined with the abundant rainfall and naturally sluggish surface drainage, may have been sufficient to trigger the formation of peat along stream valleys about 9,000 years ago. The peat further inhibited surface drainage, which in turn, accelerated the accumulation of peat until the interfluve areas were covered. The present role of the Norfolk Formation in the hydrology of the swamp is not clear, but it is considered to be one of the most important aspects of the hydrology to be studied in future investigations.</p><p>Surface inflow is from small streams draining from the west. The flow of these streams varies widely, being generally less in the summer than in winter. Outflow is primarily through the Feeder Ditch-Dismal Swamp Canal system, which discharges at South Mills and Deep Creek locks.</p><p>Rates and direction of surface flow within the swamp are partly controlled by gates on many of the ditches. Inadequately controlled ditches penetrating the Norfolk Formation plus withdrawal of water from wells along Suffolk Scarp have altered the flow of ground water under the swamp. These modifications and the loss of water through the Dismal Swamp Canal have probably resulted in a generally drier swamp as indicated by changes in the vegetation. It is feasible to preserve Dismal Swamp, but more detailed studies of the hydrology are needed to aid in future management.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr7439","usgsCitation":"Lichtler, W.F., and Walker, P.N., 1974, Hydrology of the Dismal Swamp, Virginia-North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 74-39, v, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7439.","productDescription":"v, 50 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":148364,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0039/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":422873,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0039/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Dismal Swamp","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    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,{"id":1302,"text":"wsp2007 - 1974 - Geologic and hydrologic features of Indian Wells Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:13","indexId":"wsp2007","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007","title":"Geologic and hydrologic features of Indian Wells Valley, California","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2007","usgsCitation":"Dutcher, L., and Moyle, W., 1974, Geologic and hydrologic features of Indian Wells Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2007, iv, 30 p. :ill., maps(some fold. col. in pocket) ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2007.","productDescription":"iv, 30 p. :ill., maps(some fold. col. in pocket) ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137476,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2007/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26324,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2007/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26325,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2007/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26326,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2007/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26327,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2007/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26328,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2007/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26329,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2007/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26330,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2007/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a82ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dutcher, L.C.","contributorId":42191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dutcher","given":"L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moyle, W. R.","contributorId":27421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moyle","given":"W. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":14386,"text":"ofr74113 - 1974 - Analog-model studies of ground-water hydrology in the Houston District, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-10T16:05:38","indexId":"ofr74113","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-113","title":"Analog-model studies of ground-water hydrology in the Houston District, Texas","docAbstract":"<p>The major water-bearing units in the Houston district are the Chicot and the Evangeline aquifers. The Chicot aquifer overlies the Evangeline aquifer, which is underlain by the Burkeville confining layer. Both aquifers consist of unconsolidated and discontinuous layers of sand and clay that dip toward the Gulf of Mexico. Heavy pumping of fresh water has caused large declines in the altitudes of the potentiometric surfaces in both aquifers and has created large cones of depression around Houston. The declines have caused compaction of clay layers, which has resulted in land surface subsidence and the movement of saline ground water toward the centers of the cones of depression. An electric analog model was used to study the hydrologic system and to simulate the declines in the altitudes of the potentiometric surfaces for several alternative plans of ground-water development. The results indicate that the largest part. of the pumped water comes from storage in the water-table part of the Chicot aquifer. Vertical leakage from the aquifers and water derived from the compaction of clay layers in the aquifers are also large sources of the water being pumped. The response of the system, as observed on the model, indicates that development of additional ground-water supplies from the water-table part of the Chicot aquifer north of Houston would result in a minimum decline of the altitudes of the potentiometric surfaces. Total withdrawals of about 1,000 million gallons (5.8 million cubic meters) per day may be possible without seriously, increasing subsidence or salt-water encroachment. Analyses of the recovery of water levels indicate that both land-surface subsidence and salt-water encroachment could be reduced by artificially recharging the artesian part of the aquifer.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr74113","usgsCitation":"Jorgensen, D.G., 1974, Analog-model studies of ground-water hydrology in the Houston District, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 74-113, Report: x, 86 p.; 33 Plates, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr74113.","productDescription":"Report: x, 86 p.; 33 Plates","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":95252,"rank":417,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0113/plate-18.pdf","size":"2911","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95253,"rank":418,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0113/plate-19.pdf","size":"3452","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95254,"rank":419,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0113/plate-20.pdf","size":"3790","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95255,"rank":420,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0113/plate-21.pdf","size":"2695","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95256,"rank":421,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0113/plate-22.pdf","size":"1868","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95257,"rank":422,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0113/plate-23.pdf","size":"1740","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95258,"rank":423,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0113/plate-24.pdf","size":"2007","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95259,"rank":424,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0113/plate-25.pdf","size":"1731","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95260,"rank":425,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0113/plate-26.pdf","size":"3503","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95261,"rank":426,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0113/plate-27.pdf","size":"2932","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95262,"rank":427,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0113/plate-28.pdf","size":"3048","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95263,"rank":428,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0113/plate-29.pdf","size":"3884","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95264,"rank":429,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0113/plate-30.pdf","size":"3176","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95265,"rank":430,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0113/plate-31.pdf","size":"3093","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95266,"rank":431,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0113/plate-32.pdf","size":"3280","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95267,"rank":432,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0113/plate-33.pdf","size":"1261","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95235,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0113/plate-01.pdf","size":"9012","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95236,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0113/plate-02.pdf","size":"4740","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95237,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0113/plate-03.pdf","size":"3451","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95238,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0113/plate-04.pdf","size":"2351","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95239,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0113/plate-05.pdf","size":"2992","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95234,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0113/report.pdf","size":"26972","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95240,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0113/plate-06.pdf","size":"3022","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":148804,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0113/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":95241,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0113/plate-07.pdf","size":"2938","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95242,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0113/plate-08.pdf","size":"3099","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95243,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0113/plate-09.pdf","size":"3491","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95244,"rank":409,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0113/plate-10.pdf","size":"3185","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95245,"rank":410,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0113/plate-11.pdf","size":"3569","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95246,"rank":411,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0113/plate-12.pdf","size":"3311","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95247,"rank":412,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0113/plate-13.p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Donald G.","contributorId":19537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jorgensen","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":14153,"text":"ofr74237 - 1974 - Hydrology of the abandoned coal mines in the Wyoming Valley, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-27T11:12:05","indexId":"ofr74237","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-237","title":"Hydrology of the abandoned coal mines in the Wyoming Valley, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Mine-water discharge, into the Susquehanna River degrades the river's quality during periods of low flow to a point critical for subsistence of aquatic life. To determine what measures are required to provide a better quality mine-water discharge in the Wyoming Valley, mine hydrology and mine-water quality are related to mine-pool management. The addition of mine-pool outlets at several locations would increase the rate of discharge and reduce interpool flow, which would reduce the total mineral load discharged to the river. Additional outlets would act as relief overflows to reduce the maximum fluctuation of mine-pool levels, decrease related mine-surface instability, and eliminate surface flooding.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr74237","usgsCitation":"Hollowell, J.R., 1974, Hydrology of the abandoned coal mines in the Wyoming Valley, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 74-237, 47 [i.e. 50] leaves :ill. (some folded), folded maps ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr74237.","productDescription":"47 [i.e. 50] leaves :ill. (some folded), folded maps ;27 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":95206,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0237/plate-1.pdf","size":"2280","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95207,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0237/plate-2.pdf","size":"10808","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":42801,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0237/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":145120,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0237/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdbdf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hollowell, Jerrald R.","contributorId":51278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hollowell","given":"Jerrald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":13985,"text":"ofr74368 - 1974 - Hydrologic data of the Hoosic River basin, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-22T23:14:17.310651","indexId":"ofr74368","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-368","title":"Hydrologic data of the Hoosic River basin, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"<p>The Hoosic River has its headwaters in northwestern Massachusetts and southern Vermont and flows northwestward through southern Vermont into New York, where it is tributary to the Hudson River. Upstream from the Massachusetts State line the Hoosic River drains a total of 205 mi<sup>2</sup> (531 km<sup>2</sup>) of which 164 mi<sup>2</sup> (425 km<sup>2</sup>) are in Massachusetts, 29 mi<sup>2</sup> (101 km<sup>2</sup>) are in Vermont, and 2 mi<sup>2</sup> (5 km<sup>2</sup>) are in New York. This report contains hydrologic data for that part inside Massachusetts and includes all, or parts of, the towns of Adams, Cheshire, Clarksburg, Dalton, Florida, Hancock, Lanesborough, New Ashford, North Adams, Savoy, Williamstown, and Windsor.</p><p>The data tabulated here were collected during an investigation of the water resources of the Hoosic River basin in Massachusetts by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Massachusetts Water Resources Commission. This report is released to make available to the public basic hydrologic and related information that will facilitate the planning of water-resources development and complements an interpretive report of the area (Hansen and others, 1973).</p><p>Data presented include selected information on wells, test borings, springs, seismic surveys, streamflow records, chemical analyses of surface and ground water and of rainfall, and suspended-sediment concentrations of surface water. (See Plate 1 for locations of all hydrologic-data collection sites.)</p><p>The authors wish to acknowledge the public officials, consulting firms, industrial concerns, well drillers, and individual homeowners who have given their time and information to this study.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr74368","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Water Resources Commission","usgsCitation":"Hansen, B.P., Gay, F.B., and Toler, L., 1974, Hydrologic data of the Hoosic River basin, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 74-368, Report: 33 p.; 1 Plate: 27.53 x 21.03 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr74368.","productDescription":"Report: 33 p.; 1 Plate: 27.53 x 21.03 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":431328,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0368/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":431327,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0368/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":148218,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0368/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Hoosic River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -73.29894453570657,\n              42.8800886208854\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.29894453570657,\n              42.40327840740747\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.34313398883154,\n              42.40327840740747\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.34313398883154,\n              42.8800886208854\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.29894453570657,\n              42.8800886208854\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1be4b07f02db60786f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hansen, Bruce P.","contributorId":90727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gay, Frederick B.","contributorId":102052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gay","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Toler, L.G.","contributorId":98710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toler","given":"L.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":13916,"text":"ofr74196 - 1974 - The Sahelian Zone Remote Sensing Seminar/Workshop at Bamako, Mali, West Africa, April 17-28, 1973","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-22T22:48:48.920756","indexId":"ofr74196","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-196","title":"The Sahelian Zone Remote Sensing Seminar/Workshop at Bamako, Mali, West Africa, April 17-28, 1973","docAbstract":"<p>The Sahelian Zone Remote Sensing Seminar/Workshop held in Bamako, Mali, April 17-28, 1973. The Government of Mali was host. The Agency for International Development sponsored and funded, and the U. S. Geological Survey prepared and presented the program. Thirteen countries and seven commissions were invited. Thirty-five scientists and management personnel from nine countries and nine commissions participated. Subjects were the ERTS Experiment Data Acquisition and Processing, the EROS Program, and Applications of ERTS Data in Cartography, Geology, Geography, Hydrology, Agriculture and Forestry.</p><p>The report gives critiques by staff and students and a brief account of activities in U. S. and Mali preparatory to conduct of course.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr74196","usgsCitation":"Grolier, M.J., Fary, R., and Gawarecki, S.J., 1974, The Sahelian Zone Remote Sensing Seminar/Workshop at Bamako, Mali, West Africa, April 17-28, 1973: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 74-196, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr74196.","productDescription":"32 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":425899,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0196/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":146284,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0196/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mali","city":"Bamako","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -8.494366468974818,\n              13.004566915871251\n            ],\n            [\n              -8.494366468974818,\n              12.219006858071893\n            ],\n            [\n              -7.359164812273804,\n              12.219006858071893\n            ],\n            [\n              -7.359164812273804,\n              13.004566915871251\n            ],\n            [\n              -8.494366468974818,\n              13.004566915871251\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67ac38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grolier, Maurice J.","contributorId":98292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grolier","given":"Maurice","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fary, Raymond W.","contributorId":79112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fary","given":"Raymond W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gawarecki, Stephen J.","contributorId":52189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gawarecki","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":13809,"text":"ofr74343 - 1974 - Floodflow characteristics of Fourche Creek at Interstate Highway 430, in southwest Little Rock, Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-23T00:05:10.395541","indexId":"ofr74343","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-343","title":"Floodflow characteristics of Fourche Creek at Interstate Highway 430, in southwest Little Rock, Arkansas","docAbstract":"<p>The Arkansas State Highway Department is constructing Interstate Highway 430 (1-430) across Fourche Creek in southwest Little Rock. The Highway Department requested the U.S. Geological Survey to determine the elevation, the discharge, and the frequency of the flood of April 21, 1974, and the elevation, the discharge, and the backwater for the 50-year flood, and to report on the hydrologic effects of alterations to the proposed bridges and roadway to accommodate the larger of the two floods.</p><p>All elevations in this report are given to highway datum, which is mean sea level.</p><p>This report was prepared under the provisions of the cooperative agreement between the Arkansas State Highway Commission and the Geological Survey.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr74343","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Arkansas State Highway Commission","usgsCitation":"Gilstrap, R., and Sullavan, J., 1974, Floodflow characteristics of Fourche Creek at Interstate Highway 430, in southwest Little Rock, Arkansas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 74-343, ii, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr74343.","productDescription":"ii, 12 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":422875,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0343/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":145161,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0343/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","city":"Little Rock","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -92.4700269316037,\n              34.930472432853065\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.4700269316037,\n              34.632699925573974\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.14043708785401,\n              34.632699925573974\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.14043708785401,\n              34.930472432853065\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.4700269316037,\n              34.930472432853065\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e73a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gilstrap, R.C.","contributorId":23124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilstrap","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sullavan, J.N.","contributorId":34515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullavan","given":"J.N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":12517,"text":"ofr74331 - 1974 - Summary appraisals of the Nation's ground-water resources; Texas Gulf region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-10T16:11:59","indexId":"ofr74331","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-331","title":"Summary appraisals of the Nation's ground-water resources; Texas Gulf region","docAbstract":"<p>Ground water in the Texas-Gulf Region is a large and important resource that can provide a more significant percentage of the total water supply of the region. Total water requirements within the region are projected to rise sharply from 14 million acre-feet (17 cubic kilometres) in 1970 to nearly 26 million acre-feet (32.cubic kilometres) in 2020. About half of the water used in 1970 was ground water.</p>\n<p>An estimated total of 1.04 billion acre-feet (1,280 cubic kilometres) of recoverable water containing less than 3,000 milligrams per litre dissolved solids is stored above a depth of 400 feet (122 metres) in the aquifers of the region. In addition, part of an estimated 3.28 billion acre-feet (4,040 cubic kilometres) of water in storage below 400 feet (122 metres) is recoverable. Although not all of the ground water in storage is recoverable, a significant amount is available for development, and an enormous quantity is accessible should occasions prompt its use on a time-limited basis.</p>\n<p>The total steady-state yield (amount of water that approximates the maximum perennial replenishment from precipitation) of the region's aquifers is about 4.6 million acre-feet (5.7 cubic kilometres) annually, or about 2.3 times the ground-water usage in 1970 if the large mining draft on the High Plains is not considered as part of the total steady-state yield. Because of the large quantity of recoverable ground water in storage, the steady-state yield can be augmented for a very long time on a 'deferred' basis, whereby the economic use of the water that is withdrawn from storage in excess of the steady-state yield may result in a strengthened economy.</p>\n<p>An important goal in programs for meeting future water needs should be to identify the full potential of the available ground-water resources. The subsurface reservoirs may be utilized not only as sources of fresh and treatable water, but as storage facilities for other fresh-water-supplies and as possible sources of geothermal energy. Some saline-water reservoirs may be suitable for liquid-waste storage or disposal.</p>\n<p>Large-scale and unregulated ground-water pumping may result in hydrologic problems such as declining water levels, streamflow depletion, and land-surface subsidence; but studies on proper development of the groundwater reservoirs could provide solutions to many of the problems. Water rights and other legal concepts should be based on sound hydrologic principles to assist development of water resources in an orderly and efficient manner.</p>\n<p>Because significant amounts of ground water are available, the opportunities for expanded and conjunctive use of ground water and surface water should be considered in regional plans for water development and conservation. The complexities of water management and the difficulties of achieving an integrated system of total water management will require additional technical information.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr74331","usgsCitation":"Baker, E.T., and Wall, J.R., 1974, Summary appraisals of the Nation's ground-water resources; Texas Gulf region: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 74-331, Report: iv, 61 p.; 11 Figures: 30.32 x 41.39 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr74331.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 61 p.; 11 Figures: 30.32 x 41.39 inches or smaller","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":146488,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0331/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":40760,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0331/plate-01.pdf","text":"Figure 1","size":"950.37 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Figure 1"},{"id":40761,"rank":13,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0331/plate-02.pdf","text":"Figure 10","size":"735.75 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Figure 10"},{"id":40762,"rank":14,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0331/plate-03.pdf","text":"Figure 11","size":"325.46 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Figure 11"},{"id":40763,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0331/plate-04.pdf","text":"Figure 2","size":"935.74 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Figure 2"},{"id":40764,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0331/plate-05.pdf","text":"Figure 3","size":"457.42 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Figure 3"},{"id":40765,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0331/plate-06.pdf","text":"Figure 4","size":"2.30 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Figure 4"},{"id":40766,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0331/plate-07.pdf","text":"Figure 5","size":"2.23 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Figure 5"},{"id":40767,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0331/plate-08.pdf","text":"Figure 5","size":"2.23 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Figure 5"},{"id":40768,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0331/plate-09.pdf","text":"Figure 6","size":"2.56 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Figure 6"},{"id":40769,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0331/plate-10.pdf","text":"Figure 7","size":"821.78 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Figure 7"},{"id":40770,"rank":11,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0331/plate-11.pdf","text":"Figure 8","size":"310.10 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Figure 8"},{"id":40771,"rank":12,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0331/plate-12.pdf","text":"Figure 9","size":"3.01 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Figure 9"},{"id":40772,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0331/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.11 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana, New Mexico, Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n       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          ],\n            [\n              -93.91113281249999,\n              33.61461929233378\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.361328125,\n              33.94335994657882\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.6025390625,\n              33.90689555128866\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.0966796875,\n              34.23451236236987\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.0634765625,\n              34.415973384481866\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.216796875,\n              34.125447565116126\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.71093749999999,\n              34.19817309627726\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.19433593749999,\n              33.61461929233378\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.32617187499999,\n              31.989441837922904\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b02e4b07f02db698b22","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baker, E. T. Jr.","contributorId":88366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wall, James Ray","contributorId":14830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wall","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"Ray","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70206972,"text":"70206972 - 1974 - Chemical weathering of serpentinite in the eastern Piedmont of Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-02T12:05:53","indexId":"70206972","displayToPublicDate":"1974-12-31T12:02:31","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical weathering of serpentinite in the eastern Piedmont of Maryland","docAbstract":"<p><span>Weathering processes in a small watershed (Soldiers Delight) underlain by Serpentinite in the Piedmont of Maryland were studied by means of a mass balance technique and were compared with the processes operative in a watershed uncertain by schist. The two terranes are downwasting at a rate of 2.4 m per m.y., but chemical weathering much more strongly affects the Serpentinite (2.2 m per m.y.) than the schist (1.2 m per m.y.). The serpentinite lacks a saprolite cover because resistate minerals are absent and alumina in the bedrock is scarce. In contrast, the schist contains both quartz and a source of alumina in the alumino-silicate minerals and, as a result, has a thick saprolite mantle. Relatively small amounts of secondary quartz, chalcedony, and 14Å clay minerals are synthesized in the serpentinite watershed, but relatively large amounts of gibbsite and clay minerals (kaolinite and vermiculite) are formed during the weathering of the schist. The hydrologic consequences in the serpentinite terrane compared with the schist watershed are increased flood-flow discharge, greater fluctuation in seasonal, instantaneous base-flow discharge, and pronounced seasonal fluctuations in total discharge. The serpentinite stream water averaged 205 ppm of total dissolved solids in the base flow compared to 25 ppm in the schist. Stream water from the serpentinite is of the magnesium bicarbonate type; that from the schist is sodium-calcium bicarbonate type. On the serpentinite, substantial land-surface reduction (denudation) is effected by chemical weathering; mechanical weathering is secondary. On the schist terrane, mechanical weathering is the primary agent that lowers the land surface, even though chemical weathering has reduced the rock mass ay almost one-half. © 1974 Geological Society of America.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1974)85<437:CWOSIT>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Cleaves, E., Fisher, D.W., and Bricker, O., 1974, Chemical weathering of serpentinite in the eastern Piedmont of Maryland: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 85, no. 3, p. 437-444, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1974)85<437:CWOSIT>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p. ","startPage":"437","endPage":"444","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":369804,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"85","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cleaves, E.T.","contributorId":41148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cleaves","given":"E.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fisher, D. W.","contributorId":127082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bricker, O.P.","contributorId":33717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bricker","given":"O.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70246982,"text":"70246982 - 1974 - Geohydrologic considerations in the management of radioactive waste","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-20T15:37:09.364305","indexId":"70246982","displayToPublicDate":"1974-09-01T09:52:43","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2910,"text":"Nuclear Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geohydrologic considerations in the management of radioactive waste","docAbstract":"<p><span>Nongaseous radioactive wastes occur as liquids containing high-level concentrations of radionuclides, liquids containing low concentrations of radionuclides, and solids contaminated by radioactivity. Whether released by accident or design into the earth or onto the earth’s surface, only water is capable of transporting significant quantities of radionuclides away from burial sites. Geohydrologic information that must be determined to predict the velocity and direction of waste movement from a site include climate, hydrology, detailed subsurface geology, permeability, porosity, sorptive potential, seismic potential, and geologic history of the area. Since the late 1960’s mathematical models have been used to make predictions of waste transport in some hydrologic systems. Intensive field investigations at each site are needed before these models can be used.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.13182/NT74-A31498","usgsCitation":"DeBuchananne, G.D., 1974, Geohydrologic considerations in the management of radioactive waste: Nuclear Technology, v. 24, no. 3, p. 356-361, https://doi.org/10.13182/NT74-A31498.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"356","endPage":"361","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":419187,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-05-10","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeBuchananne, George D.","contributorId":10040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeBuchananne","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":878467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70210094,"text":"70210094 - 1974 - Feeding Ecology of Breeding Blue-Winged Teals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-13T20:54:01.592548","indexId":"70210094","displayToPublicDate":"1974-07-31T15:47:19","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Feeding Ecology of Breeding Blue-Winged Teals","docAbstract":"<p><span>A 5-year investigation of factors influencing the selection of foods consumed by blue-winged teals (<i>Anas discors</i>) during the breeding season in the glaciated prairie region of south-central North Dakota showed that birds first arriving on the breeding grounds consumed a diet consisting of 45 percent invertebrates. The proportion of animal foods in the diet increased to 95 percent at the onset of the nesting season. The quality and quantity of foods selected at any given time were influenced by the biological demands and morphological adaptations of the bird, the behavior and ecology of the invertebrates selected as foods, and the general nature of the aquatic ecosystems as determined by the hydrology and geology of the area and modified by land use and weather. Feeding activities changed significantly when food availability within the aquatic ecosystem changed. During the spring and early summer, temporary and seasonal wetlands, if not severely disturbed, were of paramount importance to breeding blue-winged teals since they provided abundant and readily available, high protein, animal foods. Later in the summer when seasonal wetlands began to dry up, insects began to emerge in the semipermanent ponds and lakes, and feeding intensity shifted to these more permanent waters. This trend, however, was often reversed temporarily during the early summer following heavy precipitation that refilled shallow water areas and again stimulated invertebrate development.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3800869","usgsCitation":"Swanson, G.A., Meyer, M.I., and Serie, J.R., 1974, Feeding Ecology of Breeding Blue-Winged Teals: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 38, no. 3, p. 396-407, https://doi.org/10.2307/3800869.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"396","endPage":"407","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374805,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","county":"Kidder County, Stutsman County","city":"Jamestown","otherGeospatial":"","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -100.25299072265625,\n              46.638122462379656\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.08868408203125,\n              46.638122462379656\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.08868408203125,\n              47.46523622438362\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.25299072265625,\n              47.46523622438362\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.25299072265625,\n              46.638122462379656\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swanson, George A.","contributorId":49654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":789077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meyer, Mavis I.","contributorId":224679,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meyer","given":"Mavis","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":789078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Serie, Jerome R.","contributorId":174564,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Serie","given":"Jerome","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":789079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70247299,"text":"70247299 - 1974 - An optimum reduction of gauges to meet data program constraints","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-26T16:51:46.005908","indexId":"70247299","displayToPublicDate":"1974-06-01T11:49:27","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1926,"text":"Hydrological Sciences Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An optimum reduction of gauges to meet data program constraints","docAbstract":"<p><span>Budget or manpower constraints may force a reduction in data collection activities. However, information may be transferred from continued gauge sites to discontinued gauge sites provided there is ‘sufficient’ correlation between flow sequences. Information defined as the reciprocal of variance (of the parameter estimator for which the gauge has been established) is provided at ungauged sites by regression techniques. A set of gauge sites is chosen to satisfy the budget constraint and to maximize the information content. The information content based on regression is a function of the correlations between flow sequences and is subject to the errors in their estimators. Post optimal analysis gives estimates of correlation error effects on the decision process as to which gauges to continue and which to discontinue.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02626667409493920","usgsCitation":"Maddock, T., 1974, An optimum reduction of gauges to meet data program constraints: Hydrological Sciences Bulletin, v. 19, no. 3, p. 337-345, https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667409493920.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"337","endPage":"345","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":419362,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-01-04","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maddock, Thomas III","contributorId":32983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maddock","given":"Thomas","suffix":"III","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":879156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70247400,"text":"70247400 - 1974 - Artificial Recharge — State of the Art","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-02T15:31:43.154906","indexId":"70247400","displayToPublicDate":"1974-05-01T10:29:09","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Artificial Recharge — State of the Art","docAbstract":"<p>The largest potential reservoir for the storage of potable water is in the unsaturated zone. Use of this space for the storage and retrieval of potable water is a multifaceted problem which requires application of the best talent from the scientific community.</p><p>Artificial recharge has many similarities to liquidwaste disposal through deep wells. In both, the problem is to place liquid in a permeable lithologic unit at an economic rate, to predict movement and the chemical reactions and physical changes that take place while the liquid is in the reservoir. Differences between the two operations are principally in the type of fluid injected and the ultimate objective. In artificial recharge the objective is to store and retrieve water of good quality; in waste disposal the objective is to store permanently water of objectionable quality. In both artificial recharge and liquid-waste storage, the nature of the storage must be known, particularly that of the unsaturated zone. The techniques of investigation for recharge and waste disposal are generally the same.</p><p>Water commonly is recharged by surface spreading through basins or by induced recharge from adjacent streams and lakes or through injection wells. Research in recharge through basins has been dominated by mathematical models based on idealized conditions and empirical relations, derived by experimental sequencing of recharge operations, and operational controls in the pretreatment of recharge water. Recharge by injection wells has been undertaken in a variety of hydrologic environments. In Israel efforts have been directed toward the analyses of diffusion and dispersion of the injected water. Much research in the United States has been directed toward the movement of bacteria and organic matter through an aquifer and toward the chemical modeling of changes in recharged water as it moves.</p><p>Much more research is needed on the basic properties of aquifers, particularly in the unsaturated zone, and on all aspects of recharge-water quality. Research and the use of data produced are increasingly the responsibility of interdisciplinary teams which consider the geologic, hydraulic, and economic aspects of the system.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1974.tb03015.x","usgsCitation":"Brown, R.F., and Signor, D., 1974, Artificial Recharge — State of the Art: Groundwater, v. 12, no. 3, p. 152-160, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1974.tb03015.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"152","endPage":"160","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":419505,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, R. F.","contributorId":55803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":879462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Signor, D. C.","contributorId":95100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Signor","given":"D. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":879463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70176804,"text":"70176804 - 1974 - Hydrology and trout populations of cold-water rivers of Michigan and Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-26T15:36:50","indexId":"70176804","displayToPublicDate":"1974-04-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3644,"text":"Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrology and trout populations of cold-water rivers of Michigan and Wisconsin","docAbstract":"<p>Statistical multiple-regression analyses showed significant relationships between trout populations and hydrologic parameters. Parameters showing the higher levels of significance were temperature, hardness of water, percentage of gravel bottom, percentage of bottom vegetation, variability of streamflow, and discharge per unit drainage area. Trout populations increase with lower levels of annual maximum water temperatures, with increase in water hardness, and with increase in percentage of gravel and bottom vegetation. Trout populations also increase with decrease in variability of streamflow, and with increase in discharge per unit drainage area. Most hydrologic parameters were significant when evaluated collectively, but no parameter, by itself, showed a high degree of correlation with trout populations in regression analyses that included all the streams sampled. Regression analyses of stream segments that were restricted to certain limits of hardness, temperature, or percentage of gravel bottom showed improvements in correlation. Analyses of trout populations, in pounds per acre and pounds per mile and hydrologic parameters resulted in regression equations from which trout populations could be estimated with standard errors of 89 and 84 per cent, respectively.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters","publisherLocation":"Madison, WI","usgsCitation":"Hendrickson, G.E., and Knutilla, R., 1974, Hydrology and trout populations of cold-water rivers of Michigan and Wisconsin: Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters, v. 62, p. 181-193.","startPage":"181","endPage":"193","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329380,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan, 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,{"id":70266865,"text":"ofr7404 - 1974 - Drainage area and river mileage of Nebraska streams part I","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-13T18:57:40.989265","indexId":"ofr7404","displayToPublicDate":"1974-01-01T13:23:09","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"7404","title":"Drainage area and river mileage of Nebraska streams part I","docAbstract":"<p>The value of stream discharge data for hydrologic studies is enhanced by the availability of accurate information on size of area drained, distance between selected sites along stream course, and hydraulic gradients. Information on the location of cultural and natural features that affect streamflow also is valuable for hydrologic studies, particularly those that involve engineering considerations. Although stream-discharge data have been collected for many years and at many points, relatively little accurate information on the physical features of the areas drained has been compiled. In the past, such information was compiled only when occasion demanded, and owing to a general lack of detailed topographic maps, many of the values obtained were not precise by present-day standards. <br></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr7404","usgsCitation":"Jamison, G., 1974, Drainage area and river mileage of Nebraska streams part I: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 7404, ii, 111 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7404.","productDescription":"ii, 111 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":485874,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/7404/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":485853,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/7404/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":249,"text":"249 - 1974 - Summary of hydrologic data collected in Dade County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-04T13:00:17","indexId":"249","displayToPublicDate":"1974-01-01T12:58:59","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Summary of hydrologic data collected in Dade County, Florida","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior","publisherLocation":"Tallahassee, FL","doi":"10.3133/249","issn":"0363-1958","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1974, Summary of hydrologic data collected in Dade County, Florida, https://doi.org/10.3133/249.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291610,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Dade County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80.8736,25.13742 ], [ -80.8736,25.979434 ], [ -80.11793,25.979434 ], [ -80.11793,25.13742 ], [ -80.8736,25.13742 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53e09e5de4b0beb42bdca49a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":69526,"text":"hu22 - 1974 - Hydrologic Unit Map -- 1974, State of Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-07T11:01:22","indexId":"hu22","displayToPublicDate":"1974-01-01T12:49:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":319,"text":"Hydrologic Unit","code":"HU","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"22","subseriesTitle":"Michigan 1974","title":"Hydrologic Unit Map -- 1974, State of Michigan","docAbstract":"<p>This map and accompanying table show Hydrologic Units that are basically hydrographic in nature. &nbsp;The Cataloging Units shown will supplant the Cataloging Units previously used by the U.S. Geological Survey in its Catalog of Information on Water Data (1966-72). &nbsp;The previous U.S. Geological Survey Catalog-Indexing System was by map number and letter, such as 49 M. &nbsp;The boundaries shown have been adapted from \"The Catalog of Information on Water Data\" (1972), \"Water Resources Regions and Subregions for the National Assessment of Water and Related Land Resources\" by the U.S. Water Resources Council (1970), \" River Basins of the United States\" by the U.S. Soil Conservation Service (1963, 1970), \"River Basin Maps Showing Hydrologic Stations\" by the Inter-Agency Committee on Water Resources, Subcommittee on Hydrology (1961), and States planning maps.<br></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/hu22","isbn":"607767804","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Water Resources Council","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1974, Hydrologic Unit Map -- 1974, State of Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Unit 22, 2 Plates: 54.58 x 32.54 inches and 54.63 x 32.67 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/hu22.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 54.58 x 32.54 inches and 54.63 x 32.67 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href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/car-fl-water\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/car-fl-water\">Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>3321 College Avenue<br>Davie, FL 33314</p><p><a href=\"../contact\" data-mce-href=\"../contact\">Contact Pubs Warehouse</a></p>","publishedDate":"1974-10-01","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1974-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bearden, H.W.","contributorId":289908,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bearden","given":"H.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":840037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70227029,"text":"70227029 - 1974 - Hydrologic data of the June 1972 flood in Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-27T18:08:09.967862","indexId":"70227029","displayToPublicDate":"1974-01-01T11:49:03","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":144,"text":"Water Resources Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"9","title":"Hydrologic data of the June 1972 flood in Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources","collaboration":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Miller, R.A., 1974, Hydrologic data of the June 1972 flood in Pennsylvania: Water Resources Bulletin 9, v, 97 p.","productDescription":"v, 97 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,{"id":70247303,"text":"70247303 - 1974 - A note on costs of collecting hydrometric flow data in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-27T14:34:49.717583","indexId":"70247303","displayToPublicDate":"1974-01-01T09:29:48","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1926,"text":"Hydrological Sciences Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A note on costs of collecting hydrometric flow data in the United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>Information for comparing costs of collecting hydrometric data in different countries may promote efficiency of operations. The hydrometric programme in the United States consists of 8400 full-record stations and an equal number of partial-record stations operated by 47 district offices. A sampling of four districts selected to represent the range of hydrometric conditions in the country indicated that costs (in 1972) for installation of a full-record station intended for indefinite terms of operation ranged between $5000 and $10,000. Short-term stations range between $2500 and $4000. Costs of operation for full-record stations ranged between $800 and $1250 per year, whereas office costs for processing the record ranged between $500 and $1250. A very considerable emphasis is given in the programme to partial-record stations designed to furnish specific information for floods and droughts. Annual costs in terms of full-record stations range from only 5 per cent for a low-flow station, 15–20 per cent for a crest-stage record, to 50 per cent for a flood-hydrogram station. Publication costs average about $7 per page. This small sample survey shows considerable variations and even greater variations might be expected internationally. 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,{"id":70010061,"text":"70010061 - 1974 - Water quality effects of seepage from earthen dams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-10T15:22:23.400638","indexId":"70010061","displayToPublicDate":"1974-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water quality effects of seepage from earthen dams","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id4\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id5\"><p>Analyses of surface and seepage waters from selected floodwater retarding structures in west-central Oklahoma, U.S.A. show the salinity of seepage to be several times greater than that of the impounded waters. The increases in concentration of the several chemical components are not proportional. This phenomenon appears to be caused largely by simple solution, which is closely related to the chemical character of the geologic formation that provides the reservoir site and the earth fill of the dam. Concentration of certain chemical components in the seepage water progressively decreases as the structure ages. This is probably a function of depletion, which is related to the amounts and solubility of the parent materials subjected to solution. In contrast, the concentration of certain other components, such as iron and calcium, increases with time. The chemical activities within the accumulating mud on the bottom of the reservoir apparently cause these increases.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(74)90059-6","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Yost, C., and Naney, J., 1974, Water quality effects of seepage from earthen dams: Journal of Hydrology, v. 21, no. 1, p. 15-26, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(74)90059-6.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"15","endPage":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219126,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"west-central Oklahoma","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -99.16259765625,\n              34.27083595165\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.05322265625,\n              34.27083595165\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.05322265625,\n              35.782170703266075\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.16259765625,\n              35.782170703266075\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.16259765625,\n              34.27083595165\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc894e4b08c986b32c9d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yost, C. Jr.","contributorId":39514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yost","given":"C.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Naney, J.W.","contributorId":48308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naney","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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