Recently (2004) adopted legislation in Nebraska requires a sustainable balance between long-term supplies and uses of surface-water and groundwater and requires Natural Resources Districts to understand the effect of groundwater use on surface-water systems when developing a groundwater-management plan. The South Platte Natural Resources District (SPNRD) is located in the southern Nebraska Panhandle and overlies the nationally important High Plains aquifer. Declines in water levels have been documented, and more stringent regulations have been enacted to ensure the supply of ground-water will be sufficient to meet the needs of future generations. Because an improved understanding of the hydrogeologic characteristics of this aquifer system is needed to ensure sustainability of groundwater withdrawals, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the SPNRD, Conservation and Survey Division of the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, and the Nebraska Environmental Trust, began a hydrogeologic study of the SPNRD to describe the lithology and thickness of the High Plains aquifer. This report documents these characteristics at 29 new test holes, 28 of which were drilled to the base of the High Plains aquifer.
\nHerein the High Plains aquifer is considered to include all hydrologically connected units of Tertiary and Quaternary age. The depth to the base of aquifer was interpreted to range from 37 to 610 feet in 28 of the 29 test holes. At some locations, particularly northern Kimball County, the base-of-aquifer surface was difficult to interpret from drill cutting samples and borehole geophysical logs. The depth to the base of aquifer determined for test holes drilled for this report was compared with the base-of-aquifer surface interpreted by previous researchers. In general, there were greater differences between the base-of-aquifer elevation reported herein and those in previous studies for areas north of Lodgepole Creek compared to areas south of Lodgepole Creek. The largest difference was at test hole 5-SP-11, where an Ogallala-filled paleovalley prevously had been interpreted based on relatively sparse test-hole data west of 5-SP-11. The base of aquifer near test hole 5-SP-11 reported herein is approximately 230 ft higher in elevation than previously interpreted. Among other test holes that are likely to have been drilled in Ogallala-filled paleovalleys, the greatest difference in the interpreted base of aquifer was for test hole 7-CC-11, northeast of Potter, Nebraska, where the base of aquifer is 180 feet deeper than previously interpreted.
\nInterpretation of test-hole and borehole geophysical data for 29 additional test holes will improve resource managers’ understanding of the hydrogeologic characteristics, including aquifer thickness. Aquifer thickness, which is related to total water in storage, is not well quantified in the north and south tablelands. The additional hydrostratigraphic interpretations provided in this report will improve the hydrogeologic framework used in current (2014) and future groundwater models, which are the basis for many water-management decisions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141103","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the South Platte Natural Resources District, Conservation and Survey Division of the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, and the Nebraska Environmental Trust","usgsCitation":"Hobza, C.M., and Sibray, S.S., 2014, Hydrostratigraphic interpretation of test-hole and borehole geophysical data, Kimball, Cheyenne, and Deuel Counties, Nebraska, 2011-12: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1103, vi, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141103.","productDescription":"vi, 45 p.","numberOfPages":"56","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-054067","costCenters":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289044,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1103/pdf/ofr2014-1103.pdf"},{"id":289045,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141103.jpg"},{"id":289043,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1103/"}],"scale":"750000","projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.0,41.0 ], [ -104.0,41.5 ], [ -102.0,41.5 ], [ -102.0,41.0 ], [ -104.0,41.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53abe154e4b0dad35f8e8ca4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hobza, Christopher M. 0000-0002-6239-934X cmhobza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6239-934X","contributorId":2393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hobza","given":"Christopher","email":"cmhobza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sibray, Steven S.","contributorId":88589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sibray","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70100469,"text":"sim3294 - 2014 - Geologic map of the Granite 7.5' quadrangle, Lake and Chaffee Counties, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-24T11:26:23","indexId":"sim3294","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-24T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3294","title":"Geologic map of the Granite 7.5' quadrangle, Lake and Chaffee Counties, Colorado","docAbstract":"The geologic map of the Granite 7.5' quadrangle, Lake and Chaffee Counties, Colorado, portrays the geology in the upper Arkansas valley and along the lower flanks of the Sawatch Range and Mosquito Range near the town of Granite. The oldest rocks, exposed in the southern and eastern parts of the quadrangle, include gneiss and plutonic rocks of Paleoproterozoic age. These rocks are intruded by younger plutonic rocks of Mesoproterozoic age. Felsic hypabyssal dikes, plugs, and plutons, ranging in age from Late Cretaceous or Paleocene to late Oligocene, locally intruded Proterozoic rocks. A small andesite lava flow of upper Oligocene age overlies Paleoproterozoic rock, just south of the Twin Lakes Reservoir. Gravelly fluvial and fan deposits of the Miocene and lower Pliocene(?) Dry Union Formation are preserved in the post-30 Ma upper Arkansas valley graben, a northern extension of the Rio Grande rift. Mostly north-northwest-trending faults displace deposits of the Dry Union Formation and older rock units. Light detection and ranging (lidar) imagery suggests that two short faults, near the Arkansas River, may displace surficial deposits as young as middle Pleistocene.
\nSurficial deposits of middle Pleistocene to Holocene age are widespread in the Granite quadrangle, particularly in the major valleys and on slopes underlain by the Dry Union Formation. The main deposits are glacial outwash and post-glacial alluvium; mass-movement deposits transported by creep, debris flow, landsliding, and rockfall; till deposited during the Pinedale, Bull Lake, and pre-Bull Lake glaciations; rock-glacier deposits; and placer-tailings deposits formed by hydraulic mining and other mining methods used to concentrate native gold.
\nHydrologic and geologic processes locally affect use of the land and locally may be of concern regarding the stability of buildings and infrastructure, chiefly in low-lying areas along and near stream channels and locally in areas of moderate to steep slopes. Low-lying areas along major and minor streams are subject to periodic stream flooding. Mass-movement deposits and deposits of the Dry Union Formation that underlie moderate to steep slopes are locally subject to creep, debris-flow deposition, and landsliding. Proterozoic rocks that underlie steep slopes are locally subject to rockfall.
\nSand and gravel resources for construction and other uses in and near the Granite quadrangle are present in outwash-terrace deposits of middle and late Pleistocene age along the Arkansas River and along tributary streams in glaciated valleys.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3294","usgsCitation":"Shroba, R.R., Kellogg, K., and Brandt, T.R., 2014, Geologic map of the Granite 7.5' quadrangle, Lake and Chaffee Counties, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3294, Report: v, 31 p.; 2 Map Sheets: 31.17 x 36.65 inches; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3294.","productDescription":"Report: v, 31 p.; 2 Map Sheets: 31.17 x 36.65 inches; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-042385","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289021,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim3294.jpg"},{"id":289020,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3294/"},{"id":289022,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3294/pdf/sim3294.pdf"},{"id":289023,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3294/downloads/sim3294_map_hillshade.pdf"},{"id":289024,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3294/downloads/sim3294_map.pdf"},{"id":289025,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3294/downloads/"}],"scale":"24000","datum":"North American Datum of 1927","country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Chaffee County;Lake County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.375,39.0 ], [ -106.375,39.125 ], [ -106.25,39.125 ], [ -106.25,39.0 ], [ -106.375,39.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53aa8fd1e4b065055fab1657","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shroba, Ralph R. 0000-0002-2664-1813 rshroba@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2664-1813","contributorId":1266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shroba","given":"Ralph","email":"rshroba@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kellogg, Karl S.","contributorId":89896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kellogg","given":"Karl S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brandt, Theodore R. 0000-0002-7862-9082 tbrandt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7862-9082","contributorId":1267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brandt","given":"Theodore","email":"tbrandt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70137462,"text":"70137462 - 2014 - How complete is the ISC-GEM Global Earthquake Catalog?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-08T09:00:02","indexId":"70137462","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-24T09:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"How complete is the ISC-GEM Global Earthquake Catalog?","docAbstract":"The International Seismological Centre, in collaboration with the Global Earthquake Model effort, has released a new global earthquake catalog, covering the time period from 1900 through the end of 2009. In order to use this catalog for global earthquake studies, I determined the magnitude of completeness (Mc) as a function of time by dividing the earthquakes shallower than 60 km into 7 time periods based on major changes in catalog processing and data availability and applying 4 objective methods to determine Mc, with uncertainties determined by non-parametric bootstrapping. Deeper events were divided into 2 time periods. Due to differences between the 4 methods, the final Mc was determined subjectively by examining the features that each method focused on in both the cumulative and binned magnitude frequency distributions. The time periods and Mc values for shallow events are: 1900-1917, Mc=7.7; 1918-1939, Mc=7.0; 1940-1954, Mc=6.8; 1955-1963, Mc=6.5; 1964-1975, Mc=6.0; 1976-2003, Mc=5.8; and 2004-2009, Mc=5.7. Using these Mc values for the longest time periods they are valid for (e.g. 1918-2009, 1940-2009,…) the shallow data fits a Gutenberg-Richter distribution with b=1.05 and a=8.3, within 1 standard deviation, with no declustering. The exception is for time periods that include 1900-1917 in which there are only 33 events with M≥ Mc and for those few data b=2.15±0.46. That result calls for further investigations for this time period, ideally having a larger number of earthquakes. For deep events, the results are Mc=7.1 for 1900-1963, although the early data are problematic; and Mc=5.7 for 1964-2009. For that later time period, b=0.99 and a=7.3.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Stanford, CA","doi":"10.1785/0120130227","usgsCitation":"Michael, A.J., 2014, How complete is the ISC-GEM Global Earthquake Catalog?: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 104, no. 4, p. 1829-1837, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120130227.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1829","endPage":"1837","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-050956","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297061,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":297059,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://bssa.geoscienceworld.org/content/104/4/1829.abstract"}],"volume":"104","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-06-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2bc6e4b08de9379b34c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Michael, Andrew J. 0000-0002-2403-5019 michael@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2403-5019","contributorId":1280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"Andrew","email":"michael@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70114021,"text":"70114021 - 2014 - W(h)ither the Oracle? Cognitive biases and other human challenges of integrated environmental modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-23T11:04:35","indexId":"70114021","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-23T10:56:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"W(h)ither the Oracle? Cognitive biases and other human challenges of integrated environmental modeling","docAbstract":"Integrated environmental modeling (IEM) can organize and increase our knowledge of the complex, dynamic ecosystems that house our natural resources and control the quality of our environments. Human behavior, however, must be taken into account. Human biases/heuristics reflect adaptation over our evolutionary past to frequently experienced situations that affected our survival and that provided sharply distinguished feedbacks at the level of the individual. Unfortunately, human behavior is not adapted to the more diffusely experienced, less frequently encountered, problems and issues that IEM typically seeks to address in the simulation of natural resources and environments. While seeking inspiration from the prophetic traditions of the Oracle of Delphi, several human biases are identified that may affect how the science base of IEM is assembled, and how IEM results are interpreted and used. These biases are supported by personal observations, and by the findings of behavioral scientists. A process for critical analysis is proposed that solicits explicit accounting and cognizance of potential human biases. A number of suggestions are made to address the human challenges of IEM, in addition to maintaining attitudes of watchful humility, open-mindedness, honesty, and transparent accountability. These include creating a new area of study in the behavioral biogeosciences, using structured processes for engaging the modeling and stakeholder community in IEM, and using “red teams” to increase resilience of IEM constructs and use.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 7th International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software, June 15-19, San Diego, California, USA","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"International Environmental Modelling and Software Society","usgsCitation":"Glynn, P.D., 2014, W(h)ither the Oracle? Cognitive biases and other human challenges of integrated environmental modeling, in Proceedings of the 7th International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software, June 15-19, San Diego, California, USA, 8 p.","productDescription":"8 p.","numberOfPages":"8","ipdsId":"IP-056797","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289002,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":289001,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.iemss.org/sites/iemss2014/proceedings.php"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53a93e53e4b0f1f8e2fa8654","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Ames, D.P.","contributorId":114068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ames","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509908,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Quinn, N. W. T.","contributorId":112734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quinn","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"W. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509906,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rizzoli, A.E.","contributorId":113184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rizzoli","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509907,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Glynn, Pierre D. 0000-0001-8804-7003 pglynn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8804-7003","contributorId":2141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glynn","given":"Pierre","email":"pglynn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70114010,"text":"70114010 - 2014 - Males exceed females in PCB concentrations of cisco (Coregonus artedi) from Lake Superior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-23T09:48:02","indexId":"70114010","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-23T09:37:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Males exceed females in PCB concentrations of cisco (Coregonus artedi) from Lake Superior","docAbstract":"We determined whole-fish polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations of 25 male and 25 female age-7 ciscoes (Coregonus artedi) captured from a spawning aggregation in Thunder Bay, Lake Superior, during November 2010. We also determined PCB concentrations in the ovaries and somatic tissue of five additional female ciscoes (ages 5–22). All 55 of these ciscoes were in ripe or nearly ripe condition. Bioenergetics modeling was used to determine the contribution of the growth dilution effect toward a difference in PCB concentrations between the sexes, as females grew substantially faster than males. Results showed that the PCB concentration of males (mean = 141 ng/g) was 43% greater than that of females (mean = 98 ng/g), and this difference was highly significant (P < 0.0001). Mean PCB concentrations in the ovaries and the somatic tissue of the five females were 135 and 100 ng/g, respectively. Based on these PCB determinations for the ovaries and somatic tissue, we concluded that release of eggs by females at previous spawnings was not a contributing factor to the observed difference in PCB concentrations between the sexes. Bioenergetics modeling results indicated that the growth dilution effect could explain males being higher than females in PCB concentration by only 3–7%. We concluded that the higher PCB concentration in males was most likely due to higher rate of energy expenditure, originating from greater activity and a higher resting metabolic rate. Mean PCB concentration in the cisco eggs was well below the U. S. Food and Drug Administration and Ontario Ministry of Environment guidelines of 2000 and 844 ng/g, respectively, and this finding may have implications for the cisco roe fishery currently operating in Lake Superior.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science of the Total Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.007","usgsCitation":"Madenjian, C.P., Yule, D., Chernyak, S.M., Begnoche, L.J., Berglund, E., and Isaac, E.J., 2014, Males exceed females in PCB concentrations of cisco (Coregonus artedi) from Lake Superior: Science of the Total Environment, v. 493, p. 377-383, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.007.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"377","endPage":"383","numberOfPages":"7","ipdsId":"IP-053523","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288995,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288994,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.007"}],"country":"Canada","otherGeospatial":"Lake Superior;Thunder Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -89.427845,48.197845 ], [ -89.427845,48.601254 ], [ -88.694546,48.601254 ], [ -88.694546,48.197845 ], [ -89.427845,48.197845 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"493","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53a93e51e4b0f1f8e2fa864e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madenjian, Charles P. 0000-0002-0326-164X cmadenjian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0326-164X","contributorId":2200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madenjian","given":"Charles","email":"cmadenjian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yule, Daniel L.","contributorId":92130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yule","given":"Daniel L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chernyak, Sergei M.","contributorId":98668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chernyak","given":"Sergei","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Begnoche, Linda J. lbegnoche@usgs.gov","contributorId":4236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Begnoche","given":"Linda","email":"lbegnoche@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":495202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Berglund, Eric K.","contributorId":67012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berglund","given":"Eric K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Isaac, Edmund J.","contributorId":64120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isaac","given":"Edmund","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70160700,"text":"70160700 - 2014 - Coastal geology and recent origins for Sand Point, Lake Superior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-14T10:24:31","indexId":"70160700","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1727,"text":"GSA Special Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coastal geology and recent origins for Sand Point, Lake Superior","docAbstract":"Sand Point is a small cuspate foreland located along the southeastern shore of Lake Superior within Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore near Munising, Michigan. Park managers’ concerns for the integrity of historic buildings at the northern periphery of the point during the rising lake levels in the mid-1980s greatly elevated the priority of research into the geomorphic history and age of Sand Point. To pursue this priority, we recovered sediment cores from four ponds on Sand Point, assessed subsurface stratigraphy onshore and offshore using geophysical techniques, and interpreted the chronology of events using radiocarbon and luminescence dating. Sand Point formed at the southwest edge of a subaqueous platform whose base is probably constructed of glacial diamicton and outwash. During the post-glacial Nipissing Transgression, the base was mantled with sand derived from erosion of adjacent sandstone cliffs. An aerial photograph time sequence, 1939–present, shows that the periphery of the platform has evolved considerably during historical time, infl uenced by transport of sediment into adjacent South Bay. Shallow seismic refl ections suggest slump blocks along the leading edge of the platform. Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and shallow seismic refl ections to the northwest of the platform reveal large sand waves within a deep (12 m) channel produced by currents fl owing episodically to the northeast into Lake Superior. Ground-penetrating radar profi les show transport and deposition of sand across the upper surface of the platform. Basal radiocarbon dates from ponds between subaerial beach ridges range in age from 540 to 910 cal yr B.P., suggesting that Sand Point became emergent during the last ~1000 years, upon the separation of Lake Superior from Lakes Huron and Michigan. However, optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages from the beach ridges were two to three times as old as the radiocarbon ages, implying that emergence of Sand Point may have begun earlier, ~2000 years ago. The age discrepancy appears to be the result of incomplete bleaching of the quartz grains and an exceptionally low paleodose rate for the OSL samples. Given the available data, the younger ages from the radiocarbon analyses are preferred, but further work is necessary to test the two age models.","language":"English","publisher":"The Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2014.2508(06)","usgsCitation":"Fisher, T.G., Krantz, D.E., Castaneda, M.R., Loope, W.L., Jol, H.M., Goble, R.J., Higley, M.C., DeWald, S., and Hansen, P., 2014, Coastal geology and recent origins for Sand Point, Lake Superior: GSA Special Papers, v. 508, p. 85-110, https://doi.org/10.1130/2014.2508(06).","productDescription":"26 p. ","startPage":"85","endPage":"110","ipdsId":"IP-051106","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488518,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/geosciencefacpub/418","text":"External Repository"},{"id":328270,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Lake Superior, Sand Point","volume":"508","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57cfe8b1e4b04836416a0d38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fisher, Timothy G.","contributorId":45659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krantz, David E.","contributorId":9238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krantz","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Castaneda, Mario R.","contributorId":150904,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Castaneda","given":"Mario","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":18136,"text":"National University of Honduras","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Loope, Walter L. wloope@usgs.gov","contributorId":4616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loope","given":"Walter","email":"wloope@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":583608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jol, Harry M.","contributorId":78259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jol","given":"Harry","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Goble, Ronald J.","contributorId":61319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goble","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Higley, Melinda C.","contributorId":150905,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Higley","given":"Melinda","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13111,"text":"Illinois State Geological Survey, University of Illinois","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"DeWald, Samantha","contributorId":150906,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeWald","given":"Samantha","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12455,"text":"University of Toledo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hansen, Paul","contributorId":150907,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hansen","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16610,"text":"University of Nebraska-Lincoln","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70114068,"text":"70114068 - 2014 - Spatially explicit habitat models for 28 fishes from the Upper Mississippi River System (AHAG 2.0)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-21T13:03:13","indexId":"70114068","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-20T12:44:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":44,"text":"Long Term Resource Monitoring Program Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"2014-T002","title":"Spatially explicit habitat models for 28 fishes from the Upper Mississippi River System (AHAG 2.0)","docAbstract":"Environmental management actions in the Upper Mississippi River System (UMRS) typically require pre-project assessments of predicted benefits under a range of project scenarios. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) now requires certified and peer-reviewed models to conduct these assessments. Previously, habitat benefits were estimated for fish communities in the UMRS using the Aquatic Habitat Appraisal Guide (AHAG v.1.0; AHAG from hereon). This spreadsheet-based model used a habitat suitability index (HSI) approach that drew heavily upon Habitat Evaluation Procedures (HEP; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1980) by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). The HSI approach requires developing species response curves for different environmental variables that seek to broadly represent habitat. The AHAG model uses species-specific response curves assembled from literature values, data from other ecosystems, or best professional judgment.
\nA recent scientific review of the AHAG indicated that the model’s effectiveness is reduced by its dated approach to large river ecosystems, uncertainty regarding its data inputs and rationale for habitat-species response relationships, and lack of field validation (Abt Associates Inc., 2011). The reviewers made two major recommendations: (1) incorporate empirical data from the UMRS into defining the empirical response curves, and (2) conduct post-project biological evaluations to test pre-project benefits estimated by AHAG.
\nOur objective was to address the first recommendation and generate updated response curves for AHAG using data from the Upper Mississippi River Restoration-Environmental Management Program (UMRR-EMP) Long Term Resource Monitoring Program (LTRMP) element. Fish community data have been collected by LTRMP (Gutreuter and others, 1995; Ratcliff and others, in press) for 20 years from 6 study reaches representing 1,930 kilometers of river and >140 species of fish. We modeled a subset of these data (28 different species; occurrences at sampling sites as observed in day electrofishing samples) using multiple logistic regression with presence/absence responses. Each species’ probability of occurrence, at each sample site, was modeled as a function of 17 environmental variables observed at each sample site by LTRMP standardized protocols. The modeling methods used (1) a forward-selection process to identify the most important predictors and their relative contributions to predictions; (2) partial methods on the predictor set to control variance inflation; and (3) diagnostics for LTRMP design elements that may influence model fits.
\nModels were fit for 28 species, representing 3 habitat guilds (Lentic, Lotic, and Generalist). We intended to develop “systemic models” using data from all six LTRMP study reaches simultaneously; however, this proved impossible. Thus, we “regionalized” the models, creating two models for each species: “Upper Reach” models, using data from Pools 4, 8, and 13; and “Lower Reach” models, using data from Pool 26, the Open River Reach of the Mississippi River, and the La Grange reach of the Illinois River. A total of 56 models were attempted. For any given site-scale prediction, each model used data from the three LTRMP study reaches comprising the regional model to make predictions. For example, a site-scale prediction in Pool 8 was made using data from Pools 4, 8, and 13. This is the fundamental nature and trade-off of regionalizing these models for broad management application.
\nModel fits were deemed “certifiably good” using the Hosmer and Lemeshow Goodness-of-Fit statistic (Hosmer and Lemeshow, 2000). This test post-partitions model predictions into 10 groups and conducts inferential tests on correspondences between observed and expected probability of occurrence across all partitions, under Chi-square distributional assumptions. This permits an inferential test of how well the models fit and a tool for reporting when they did not (and perhaps why). Our goal was to develop regionalized models, and to assess and describe circumstances when a good fit was not possible.
\nSeven fish species composed the Lentic guild. Good fits were achieved for six Upper Reach models. In the Lower Reach, no model produced good fits for the Lentic guild. This was due to (1) lentic species being much less prominent in the Lower Reach study areas, and (2) those that do express greater prominence principally do so only in the La Grange reach of the Illinois River. Thus, developing Lower Reach models for Lentic species will require parsing La Grange from the other two Lower Reach study areas and fitting separate models. We did not do that as part of this study, but it could be done at a later time.
\nNine species comprised the Lotic guild. Good fits were achieved for seven Upper Reach models and six Lower Reach models. Four species had good fits for both regions (flathead catfish, blue sucker, sauger, and shorthead redhorse). Three species showed zoogeographic zonation, with a good model fit in one of the regions, but not in the region in which they were absent or rarely occurred (blue catfish, rock bass, and skipjack herring).
\nTwelve species comprised the Generalist guild. Good fits were achieved for five Upper Reach models and eight Lower Reach models. Six species had good fits for both regions (brook silverside, emerald shiner, freshwater drum, logperch, longnose gar, and white bass). Two species showed zoogeographic zonation, with a good model fit in one of the regions, but not in the region in which they were absent or rarely occurred (red shiner and blackstripe topminnow).
\nPoorly fit models were almost always due to the diagnostic variable “field station,” a surrogate for river mile. In these circumstances, the residuals for “field station” were non-randomly distributed and often strongly ordered. This indicates either fitting “pool scale” models for these species and regions, or explicitly model covariances between “field station” and the other predictors within the existing modeling framework. Further efforts on these models should seek to resolve these issues using one of these two approaches.
\nIn total, nine species, representing two of the three guilds (Lotic and Generalist), produced well-fit models for both regions. These nine species should comprise the basis for AHAG 2.0. Additional work, likely requiring downscaling of the regional models to pool-scale models, will be needed to incorporate additional species. Alternately, a regionalized AHAG could be comprised of those species, per region, that achieved well-fit models. The number of species and the composition of the regional species pools will differ among regions as a consequence. Each of these alternatives has both pros and cons, and managers are encouraged to consider them fully before further advancing this approach to modeling multi-species habitat suitability.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","collaboration":"A product of the Long Term Resource Monitoring Program, an element of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers’ Upper Mississippi River Restoration-Environmental Management Program","usgsCitation":"Ickes, B.S., Sauer, J., Richards, N., Bowler, M., and Schlifer, B., 2014, Spatially explicit habitat models for 28 fishes from the Upper Mississippi River System (AHAG 2.0) (First posted online June 20, 2014; Revised and reposted July 21, 2014, version 1.1): Long Term Resource Monitoring Program Technical Report 2014-T002, vi, 89 p.","productDescription":"vi, 89 p.","numberOfPages":"100","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-050554","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290578,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70114068.jpg"},{"id":289011,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mis/ltrmp2014-t002/"},{"id":290577,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mis/ltrmp2014-t002/pdf/ltrmp2014-t002.pdf"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Upper Mississippi River System","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.24,36.0 ], [ -97.24,49.38 ], [ -86.76,49.38 ], [ -86.76,36.0 ], [ -97.24,36.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"First posted online June 20, 2014; Revised and reposted July 21, 2014, version 1.1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7399e4b0b290851090ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ickes, Brian S.","contributorId":6812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ickes","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sauer, J.S.","contributorId":106455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Richards, N.","contributorId":83844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richards","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bowler, M.","contributorId":92177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowler","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schlifer, B.","contributorId":103588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schlifer","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70112750,"text":"ofr20141122 - 2014 - Evaluation of the behavior and movement of adult summer steelhead in the lower Cowlitz River, Washington, following collection and release, 2013-2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-20T12:01:36","indexId":"ofr20141122","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-20T11:51:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1122","title":"Evaluation of the behavior and movement of adult summer steelhead in the lower Cowlitz River, Washington, following collection and release, 2013-2014","docAbstract":"Summer steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) produced by a hatchery on the lower Cowlitz River, Washington, support a popular sport fishery during June–September each year. Many of these fish return to the Cowlitz Salmon Hatchery and are held until they are spawned in December. In the past, fishery managers have released some of the steelhead that return to the hatchery at downstream release sites (hereafter referred to as “recycled steelhead”) to increase angling opportunity. The recycling of summer steelhead is a potential use of hatchery fish that can benefit anglers in the lower Cowlitz River, provided these fish are harvested or return to the hatchery. However, recycled steelhead that are not removed from the river could compete against or spawn with wild winter steelhead, which would be a negative consequence of recycling. The Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW) conducted an evaluation during 1998 and recycled 632 summer steelhead. They determined that 55 percent of the recycled steelhead returned to the hatchery and 15 percent of the fish were harvested by anglers. The remaining 30 percent of recycled fish were not known to have been removed from the river. Recycling has not occurred in recent years because definitive studies have not been conducted to determine the fate of the fish that remain in the lower Cowlitz River after being recycled.
\nThe U.S. Geological Survey and WDFW conducted a 2-year study during 2012–2014 to quantify recycled steelhead that (1) returned to the hatchery, (2) were captured by anglers, or (3) remained in the river. All recycled steelhead were marked with a Floy® tag and opercle punch, and 20 percent of the recycled fish were radio-tagged to determine post-release behavior and movement patterns, and to describe locations of tagged fish that remained in the river during the spawning period. During 2012–2013, we recycled 549 steelhead and determined that 50 percent of the fish returned to the hatchery, 18 percent of the fish were harvested by anglers, and 32 percent of the fish were not known to have been removed from the river. During October–December 2012, only 9 percent of the radio-tagged steelhead remained in the lower Cowlitz River and none of these fish entered tributaries monitored by fixed-telemetry sites.
\nThe second year of the evaluation was conducted during 2013–2014. A total of 502 steelhead were recycled during June–August and releases were conducted weekly with group sizes that ranged from 30 to 76 fish. Results from 2013–2014 were similar to results from 2012–2013. Fifty percent (251 fish) of the recycled steelhead returned to the hatchery, 20 percent (100 fish) were harvested by anglers, and 30 percent (151 fish) were unaccounted for. The median elapsed time from release to hatchery return was 13 days, and the median elapsed time from release to capture by an angler was 11 days. The percentage of unaccounted-for steelhead in the general population was moderately high (30 percent), but detection records of radio-tagged fish suggest that few recycled steelhead were present in the lower Cowlitz River during the spawning period.
\nA total of 109 steelhead were radio-tagged during 2013–2014, and most of these fish (88 percent) moved upstream following release and entered the Trout Hatchery–Salmon Hatchery reach (river miles 44–51). The median elapsed time from release to reach entry was 4.6 days (range of 0.5–65.5 days). After fish entered this reach, they spent a considerable amount of time near the Cowlitz Trout Hatchery (median residence time of 16.7 hours) or Cowlitz Salmon Hatchery (median residence time of 146.3 hours), or they moved back and forth between these two sites. Thirty radio-tagged steelhead made at least two trips between the sites and some fish made as many as seven trips. Detection records showed that 61 percent (66 fish) of the radio-tagged fish returned to the hatchery reach and 21 percent (23 fish) of the fish were captured by anglers. The remaining 18 percent (20 fish) of the radio-tagged fish had various fates. One fish (less than 1 percent) left the Cowlitz River and nine fish (8 percent) died, were harvested, or spit their transmitter near boat launches in the river. The remaining 10 fish (9 percent) had the potential to interact with winter steelhead. Four tagged steelhead (4 percent) entered lower Cowlitz River tributaries (two fish in the Toutle River; two fish in Salmon Creek) during October and November, and five tagged fish (5 percent) were last detected in the lower Cowlitz River in October. One fish (less than 1 percent) was never detected after being released.
\nWe measured the diameter of opercle punches in recycled steelhead to determine the temporal effectiveness of these marks. A total of 116 opercle punches were measured—36 were measured at the time of tagging and 80 were measured when fish returned to the hatchery. Opercle punches remained open for less than 1 month. None of the fish that returned to the hatchery more than 30 days after release had opercle punches that were open. All recycled steelhead were marked with a Floy® tag and opercle punch. However, if a steelhead lost its Floy® tag and was captured by an angler, or returned to the hatchery more than 30 days after being recycled, it likely would not have been accurately identified as having been recycled because of regrowth of the opercle punch.
\nDuring 2013–2014, at least 70 percent of the recycled steelhead were removed from the lower Cowlitz River by anglers, returned to the hatchery, or left the river. Radiotelemetry data indicated that a maximum of 9 percent of the radio-tagged fish remained in the lower Cowlitz River during the spawning period and only 4 percent of the radio-tagged fish entered tributaries where wild steelhead are known to spawn. These results are consistent with findings from previous studies. Overall, results from these studies suggest that about one-third of the recycled steelhead were not known to have been removed from the river. However, the radiotelemetry data indicated that only about 10 percent of the recycled steelhead were present in the lower Cowlitz River during late autumn and early winter, and few of those fish (0 in 2012–2013 and 4 in 2013–2014) entered tributaries where winter steelhead spawn. These results have management implications in the lower Cowlitz River where the risks and rewards of steelhead recycling will be weighed to determine the future of the recycling program.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141122","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife","usgsCitation":"Kock, T.J., Liedtke, T.L., Ekstrom, B.K., Gleizes, C., and Dammers, W., 2014, Evaluation of the behavior and movement of adult summer steelhead in the lower Cowlitz River, Washington, following collection and release, 2013-2014: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1122, iv, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141122.","productDescription":"iv, 20 p.","numberOfPages":"29","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-056741","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288976,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141122.jpg"},{"id":288974,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1122/"},{"id":288975,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1122/pdf/ofr2014-1122.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washinton","otherGeospatial":"Lower Cowlitz River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.0997,46.0492 ], [ -123.0997,46.6486 ], [ -122.3416,46.6486 ], [ -122.3416,46.0492 ], [ -123.0997,46.0492 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae76ade4b0abf75cf2bfe3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kock, Tobias J. 0000-0001-8976-0230 tkock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8976-0230","contributorId":3038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kock","given":"Tobias","email":"tkock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liedtke, Theresa L. 0000-0001-6063-9867 tliedtke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6063-9867","contributorId":2999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liedtke","given":"Theresa","email":"tliedtke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ekstrom, Brian K. 0000-0002-1162-1780 bekstrom@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1162-1780","contributorId":3704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ekstrom","given":"Brian","email":"bekstrom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gleizes, Chris","contributorId":37233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gleizes","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dammers, Wolf","contributorId":79385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dammers","given":"Wolf","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70102278,"text":"sir20145066 - 2014 - Water quality and algal community dynamics of three deepwater lakes in Minnesota utilizing CE-QUAL-W2 models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-20T08:26:05","indexId":"sir20145066","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-20T08:12:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5066","title":"Water quality and algal community dynamics of three deepwater lakes in Minnesota utilizing CE-QUAL-W2 models","docAbstract":"Water quality, habitat, and fish in Minnesota lakes will potentially be facing substantial levels of stress in the coming decades primarily because of two stressors: (1) land-use change (urban and agricultural) and (2) climate change. Several regional and statewide lake modeling studies have identified the potential linkages between land-use and climate change on reductions in the volume of suitable lake habitat for coldwater fish populations. In recent years, water-resource scientists have been making the case for focused assessments and monitoring of sentinel systems to address how these stress agents change lakes over the long term. Currently in Minnesota, a large-scale effort called “Sustaining Lakes in a Changing Environment” is underway that includes a focus on monitoring basic watershed, water quality, habitat, and fish indicators of 24 Minnesota sentinel lakes across a gradient of ecoregions, depths, and nutrient levels. As part of this effort, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, developed predictive water quality models to assess water quality and habitat dynamics of three select deepwater lakes in Minnesota. The three lakes (Lake Carlos in Douglas County, Elk Lake in Clearwater County, and Trout Lake in Cook County) were assessed under recent (2010–11) meteorological conditions. The three selected lakes contain deep, coldwater habitats that remain viable during the summer months for coldwater fish species.
\nHydrodynamics and water-quality characteristics for each of the three lakes were simulated using the CE-QUAL-W2 model, which is a carbon-based, laterally averaged, two-dimensional water-quality model. The CE-QUAL-W2 models address the interaction between nutrient cycling, primary production, and trophic dynamics to predict responses in the distribution of temperature and oxygen in lakes.
\nThe CE-QUAL-W2 models for all three lakes successfully predicted water temperature, on the basis of the two metrics of absolute mean error and root mean square error, using measured inputs of water temperature and nutrients. One of the main calibration tools for CE-QUAL-W2 model development was the vertical profile temperature data, available for all three lakes. For all three lakes, the absolute mean error and root mean square error were less than 1.0 degree Celsius and 1.2 degrees Celsius, respectively, for the different depth ranges used for vertical profile comparisons. In Lake Carlos, simulated water temperatures compared better to measured water temperatures in the epilimnion than in the hypolimnion. The reverse was true for the other two lakes, Elk Lake and Trout Lake, where the simulated results were slightly better for the hypolimnion than the epilimnion. The model also was used to approximate the location of the thermocline throughout the simulation periods, approximately April to November, in all three lake models. Deviations between the simulated and measured water temperatures in the vertical lake profile commonly were because of an offset in the timing of thermocline shifts rather than the simulated results missing thermocline shifts altogether.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145066","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Smith, E.A., Kiesling, R.L., Galloway, J.M., and Ziegeweid, J.R., 2014, Water quality and algal community dynamics of three deepwater lakes in Minnesota utilizing CE-QUAL-W2 models: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5066, xi, 73 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145066.","productDescription":"xi, 73 p.","numberOfPages":"90","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-016416","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288945,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145066.jpg"},{"id":288939,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5066/"},{"id":288944,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5066/pdf/sir2014-5066.pdf"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator Zone 15 North","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.426,43.3158 ], [ -97.426,49.4915 ], [ -89.2941,49.4915 ], [ -89.2941,43.3158 ], [ -97.426,43.3158 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae78a3e4b0abf75cf2dc0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Erik A. 0000-0001-8434-0798 easmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8434-0798","contributorId":1405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Erik","email":"easmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kiesling, Richard L. 0000-0002-3017-1826 kiesling@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3017-1826","contributorId":1837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kiesling","given":"Richard","email":"kiesling@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Galloway, Joel M. 0000-0002-9836-9724 jgallowa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9836-9724","contributorId":1562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"Joel","email":"jgallowa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ziegeweid, Jeffrey R. 0000-0001-7797-3044 jrziege@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7797-3044","contributorId":4166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ziegeweid","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jrziege@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70098933,"text":"ofr20141061 - 2014 - Particle-tracking investigation of the retention of sucker larvae emerging from spawning grounds in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-19T13:11:03","indexId":"ofr20141061","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-19T12:56:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1061","title":"Particle-tracking investigation of the retention of sucker larvae emerging from spawning grounds in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon","docAbstract":"This study had two objectives: (1) to use the results of an individual-based particle-tracking model of larval sucker dispersal through the Williamson River delta and Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, to interpret field data collected throughout Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes, and (2) to use the model to investigate the retention of sucker larvae in the system as a function of Williamson River flow, wind, and lake elevation. This is a follow-up study to work reported in Wood and others (2014) in which the hydrodynamic model of Upper Klamath Lake was combined with an individual-based, particle-tracking model of larval fish entering the lake from spawning areas in the Williamson River. In the previous study, the performance of the model was evaluated through comparison with field data comprising larval sucker distribution collected in 2009 by The Nature Conservancy, Oregon State University (OSU), and the U.S. Geological Survey, primarily from the (at that time) recently reconnected Williamson River Delta and along the eastern shoreline of Upper Klamath Lake, surrounding the old river mouth. The previous study demonstrated that the validation of the model with field data was moderately successful and that the model was useful for describing the broad patterns of larval dispersal from the river, at least in the areas surrounding the river channel immediately downstream of the spawning areas and along the shoreline where larvae enter the lake.
\nIn this study, field data collected by OSU throughout the main body of Upper Klamath Lake, and not just around the Williamson River Delta, were compared to model simulation results. Because the field data were collected throughout the lake, it was necessary to include in the simulations larvae spawned at eastern shoreline springs that were not included in the earlier studies. A complicating factor was that the OSU collected data throughout the main body of the lake in 2011 and 2012, after the end of several years of larval drift collection in the Williamson River by the U.S. Geological Survey. Those larval drift data provided necessary boundary-condition information for the earlier studies, but there were no measured boundary conditions for larval input into model simulations during the years of this study (2011−12). Therefore, we developed a method to estimate a time series of larval drift in the Williamson River, and of the emergence of larvae from the gravel at the eastern shoreline springs, that captured the approximate timing of the larval pulse of the Lost River sucker (Deltistes luxatus) and shortnose sucker (Chasmistes brevirostris) and the relative magnitude of the pulses by species and spawning location. The method is not able to predict larval drift on any given day, but it can reasonably predict the approximate temporal progression of the larval drift through the season, based on counts of adult suckers returning to spawn. The accuracy in the timing of the larval pulses is not better than about plus or minus 5 days.
\nModel results and field data were consistent in the basic progression of both catch per unit effort (CPUE) and larval length through time. The model simulation results also duplicated some of the characteristics of the spatial patterns of density in the field data, notably the tendency for high larval densities closer to the eastern and western shorelines. However, the model simulations could not explain high densities in the northern part of the lake or far into Ball Bay, locations that are far from the source of larvae in the Williamson River or eastern shoreline springs (as measured along the predominant transport pathways simulated in the model). This suggests the possibility of unaccounted-for spawning areas in the northern part of the lake and also that the period during which larvae are transported passively by the currents is shorter than the 46 days simulated in the model. Similarly, the progression of larval lengths in the field data is not a simple progression from smaller to larger fish away from sources in the river and springs, as simulated by the particle-tracking model; the smallest fish were caught at different times near the Williamson River, in the northwestern part of the lake, and in the southernmost part of the lake. This again suggests that fish may be spawning at places other than the river and eastern springs, that our understanding of larval transport is incomplete, or both.
\nThe model was used to run 96 numerical “experiments” in which lake elevation, river discharge, and wind forcing were varied systematically in order to investigate the sensitivity of particle retention to each variable, and with particular emphasis on the idea of managing lake elevation to control emigration. The estimates of particle retention cannot be equated directly to retention of fish larvae, primarily because there was no mortality included in the simulations, but the relative comparison of retention and emigration around the matrix of experimental conditions provided several “big picture” results:
\n - Variables that cannot be controlled—winds and discharge—had the largest effect on retention. For example, at the lowest river discharge (20 cubic meters per second), simulated retention was high regardless of wind or lake elevation, whereas at the highest river discharge (100 cubic meters per second), retention was low regardless of wind or lake elevation.
\n - When river discharge and wind were held constant, a higher elevation delayed the onset of the most rapid exit of particles by 1 (from the springs) to 4 (from the river) days, but did not determine overall retention. Only under the combination of conditions consisting of low discharge (50 cubic meters per second or less) and strong wind reversals for several days was there a consistent effect of lake elevation on overall retention several weeks into the simulation, and, under those conditions, retention was at the high end of the possible range regardless of lake elevation.
\n - Under most combinations of conditions tested, after particles had been in the system for several days, the complex interaction between wind, elevation, and river discharge resulted in particle pathways, and therefore retention, being highly variable and unpredictable, at which point controlling lake elevation could not produce a predictable result. Therefore, on the basis of the model predictions, managing lake elevation probably is not a way to reliably provide any particular level of retention.
Recently, effects of lakes and reservoirs on river nutrient export have been incorporated into landscape biogeochemical models. Because annual export varies with precipitation, there is a need to examine the biogeochemical role of lakes and reservoirs over time frames that incorporate interannual variability in precipitation. We examined long-term (~20 years) time series of river export (annual mass yield, Y, and flow-weighted mean annual concentration, C) for total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and total suspended sediment (TSS) from 54 catchments in Wisconsin, USA. Catchments were classified as small agricultural, large agricultural, and forested by use of a cluster analysis, and these varied in lentic coverage (percentage of catchment lake or reservoir water that was connected to river network). Mean annual export and interannual variability (CV) of export (for both Y and C) were higher in agricultural catchments relative to forested catchments for TP, TN, and TSS. In both agricultural and forested settings, mean and maximum annual TN yields were lower in the presence of lakes and reservoirs, suggesting lentic denitrification or N burial. There was also evidence of long-term lentic TP and TSS retention, especially when viewed in terms of maximum annual yield, suggesting sedimentation during high loading years. Lentic catchments had lower interannual variability in export. For TP and TSS, interannual variability in mass yield was often >50% higher than interannual variability in water yield, whereas TN variability more closely followed water (discharge) variability. Our results indicate that long-term mass export through rivers depends on interacting terrestrial, aquatic, and meteorological factors in which the presence of lakes and reservoirs can reduce the magnitude of export, stabilize interannual variability in export, as well as introduce export time lags.
","language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","doi":"10.1002/hyp.10083","usgsCitation":"Powers, S.M., Robertson, D.M., and Stanley, E.H., 2014, Effects of lakes and reservoirs on annual river nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment export in agricultural and forested landscapes: Hydrological Processes, v. 28, no. 24, p. 5919-5937, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10083.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"5919","endPage":"5937","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-050925","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288915,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288913,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10083"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.89,42.49 ], [ -92.89,47.08 ], [ -86.76,47.08 ], [ -86.76,42.49 ], [ -92.89,42.49 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"28","issue":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-11-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7698e4b0abf75cf2bfbe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Powers, Stephen M.","contributorId":35238,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Powers","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robertson, Dale M. 0000-0001-6799-0596 dzrobert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0596","contributorId":150760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Dale","email":"dzrobert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stanley, Emily H.","contributorId":55725,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stanley","given":"Emily","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":12951,"text":"Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":495047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70125291,"text":"70125291 - 2014 - Testing for multiple invasion routes and source populations for the invasive brown treesnake (Boiga irregularis) on Guam: implications for pest management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-16T11:50:47","indexId":"70125291","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-19T11:49:46","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1018,"text":"Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Testing for multiple invasion routes and source populations for the invasive brown treesnake (Boiga irregularis) on Guam: implications for pest management","docAbstract":"The brown treesnake (Boiga irregularis) population on the Pacific island of Guam has reached iconic status as one of the most destructive invasive species of modern times, yet no published works have used genetic data to identify a source population. We used DNA sequence data from multiple genetic markers and coalescent-based phylogenetic methods to place the Guam population within the broader phylogeographic context of B. irregularis across its native range and tested whether patterns of genetic variation on the island are consistent with one or multiple introductions from different source populations. We also modeled a series of demographic scenarios that differed in the effective size and duration of a population bottleneck immediately following the invasion on Guam, and measured the fit of these simulations to the observed data using approximate Bayesian computation. Our results exclude the possibility of serial introductions from different source populations, and instead verify a single origin from the Admiralty Archipelago off the north coast of Papua New Guinea. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis thatB. irregularis was accidentally transported to Guam during military relocation efforts at the end of World War II. Demographic model comparisons suggest that multiple snakes were transported to Guam from the source locality, but that fewer than 10 individuals could be responsible for establishing the population. Our results also provide evidence that low genetic diversity stemming from the founder event has not been a hindrance to the ecological success of B. irregularis on Guam, and at the same time offers a unique ‘genetic opening’ to manage snake density using classical biological approaches.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Invasions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","publisherLocation":"Dordrecht","doi":"10.1007/s10530-014-0733-y","usgsCitation":"Richmond, J.Q., Wood, D.A., Stanford, J.W., and Fisher, R.N., 2014, Testing for multiple invasion routes and source populations for the invasive brown treesnake (Boiga irregularis) on Guam: implications for pest management: Biological Invasions, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-014-0733-y.","ipdsId":"IP-056130","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293944,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293873,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-014-0733-y"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-06-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54195157e4b091c7ffc8e870","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richmond, Jonathan Q. 0000-0001-9398-4894 jrichmond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9398-4894","contributorId":5400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richmond","given":"Jonathan","email":"jrichmond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Q.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, Dustin A. 0000-0002-7668-9911 dawood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7668-9911","contributorId":4179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Dustin","email":"dawood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stanford, James W.","contributorId":65775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanford","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240 rfisher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":1529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert","email":"rfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70113254,"text":"70113254 - 2014 - Gully annealing by aeolian sediment: field and remote-sensing investigation of aeolian-hillslope-fluvial interactions, Colorado River corridor, Arizona, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-19T11:32:32","indexId":"70113254","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-19T11:25:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gully annealing by aeolian sediment: field and remote-sensing investigation of aeolian-hillslope-fluvial interactions, Colorado River corridor, Arizona, USA","docAbstract":"Processes contributing to development of ephemeral gully channels are of great importance to landscapes worldwide, and particularly in dryland regions where soil loss and land degradation from gully erosion pose long-term land-management problems. Whereas gully formation has been relatively well studied, much less is known of the processes that anneal gullies and impede their growth. This study of gully annealing by aeolian sediment, spanning 95 km along the Colorado River corridor in Glen, Marble, and Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA, employed field and remote sensing observations, including digital topographic modelling. Results indicate that aeolian sediment activity can be locally effective at counteracting gully erosion. Gullies are less prevalent in areas where surficial sediment undergoes active aeolian transport, and have a greater tendency to terminate in active aeolian sand. Although not common, examples exist in the record of historical imagery of gullies that underwent infilling by aeolian sediment in past decades and evidently were effectively annealed. We thus provide new evidence for a potentially important interaction of aeolian–hillslope–fluvial processes, which could affect dryland regions substantially in ways not widely recognized. Moreover, because the biologic soil crust plays an important role in determining aeolian sand activity, and so in turn the extent of gully development, this study highlights a critical role of geomorphic–ecologic interactions in determining arid-landscape evolution.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geomorphology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.05.028","usgsCitation":"Sankey, J.B., and Draut, A.E., 2014, Gully annealing by aeolian sediment: field and remote-sensing investigation of aeolian-hillslope-fluvial interactions, Colorado River corridor, Arizona, USA: Geomorphology, v. 220, p. 68-80, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.05.028.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"68","endPage":"80","numberOfPages":"13","ipdsId":"IP-052875","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288905,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288903,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.05.028"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River;Glen Canyon;Grand Canyon;Marble Canyon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.43,30.69 ], [ -118.43,44.01 ], [ -104.06,44.01 ], [ -104.06,30.69 ], [ -118.43,30.69 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"220","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7732e4b0abf75cf2c0a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sankey, Joel B. 0000-0003-3150-4992 jsankey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3150-4992","contributorId":3935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sankey","given":"Joel","email":"jsankey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Draut, Amy E.","contributorId":92215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Draut","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70111838,"text":"fs20143053 - 2014 - The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T15:39:45","indexId":"fs20143053","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-19T11:18:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3053","title":"The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Oklahoma","docAbstract":"Elevation data are essential to a broad range of applications, including forest resources management, wildlife and habitat management, national security, recreation, and many others. For the State of Oklahoma, elevation data are critical for flood risk management, infrastructure and construction management, agriculture and precision farming, natural resources conservation, wildlife and habitat management, and other business uses. Today, high-density light detection and ranging (lidar) data are the primary sources for deriving elevation models and other datasets. Federal, State, Tribal, and local agencies work in partnership to (1) replace data that are older and of lower quality and (2) provide coverage where publicly accessible data do not exist. A joint goal of local, State, and Federal partners is to acquire consistent, statewide coverage to support existing and emerging applications enabled by lidar data.
\nThe National Enhanced Elevation Assessment (NEEA; Dewberry, 2011) evaluated multiple elevation data acquisition options to determine the optimal data quality and data replacement cycle relative to cost to meet the identified requirements of the user community. The evaluation demonstrated that lidar acquisition at quality level 2 for the conterminous United States and quality level 5 interferometric synthetic aperture radar (ifsar) data for Alaska with a 6- to 10-year acquisition cycle provided the highest benefit/cost ratios. The 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) initiative selected an 8-year acquisition cycle for the respective quality levels. 3DEP, managed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the Office of Management and Budget Circular A–16 lead agency for terrestrial elevation data, responds to the growing need for high-quality topographic data and a wide range of other 3D representations of the Nation’s natural and constructed features.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143053","usgsCitation":"Carswell, W., 2014, The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014-3053, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143053.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056012","costCenters":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288902,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20143053.jpg"},{"id":288900,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3053/"},{"id":288901,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3053/pdf/fs2014-3053.pdf","text":"Report","size":"302 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United 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Jr. carswell@usgs.gov","contributorId":1787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carswell","given":"William J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"carswell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":494479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70189943,"text":"70189943 - 2014 - Modeling low-temperature geochemical processes:","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-09T16:44:03.209979","indexId":"70189943","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"7.2","title":"Modeling low-temperature geochemical processes:","docAbstract":"This chapter provides an overview of geochemical modeling that applies to water–rock interactions under ambient conditions of temperature and pressure. Topics include modeling definitions, historical background, issues of activity coefficients, popular codes and databases, examples of modeling common types of water–rock interactions, and issues of model reliability. Examples include speciation, microbial redox kinetics and ferrous iron oxidation, calcite dissolution, pyrite oxidation, combined pyrite and calcite dissolution, dedolomitization, seawater–carbonate groundwater mixing, reactive-transport modeling in streams, modeling catchments, and evaporation of seawater. The chapter emphasizes limitations to geochemical modeling: that a proper understanding and ability to communicate model results well are as important as completing a set of useful modeling computations and that greater sophistication in model and code development is not necessarily an advancement. If the goal is to understand how a particular geochemical system behaves, it is better to collect more field data than rely on computer codes.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Reference module in earth systems and environmental sciences: Treatise on geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-08-095975-7.00502-7","usgsCitation":"Nordstrom, D.K., and Campbell, K.M., 2014, Modeling low-temperature geochemical processes:, chap. 7.2 of Reference module in earth systems and environmental sciences: Treatise on geochemistry, v. 7, p. 27-68, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-095975-7.00502-7.","productDescription":"42 p.","startPage":"27","endPage":"68","ipdsId":"IP-038052","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345118,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","edition":"2nd Edition","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"599fe5bce4b038630d022110","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":706839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, Kate M. 0000-0002-8715-5544 kcampbell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8715-5544","contributorId":1441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Kate","email":"kcampbell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70112928,"text":"70112928 - 2014 - Performance of a surface bypass structure to enhance juvenile steelhead passage and survival at Lower Granite Dam, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-26T09:36:35","indexId":"70112928","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-18T13:57:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Performance of a surface bypass structure to enhance juvenile steelhead passage and survival at Lower Granite Dam, Washington","docAbstract":"An integral part of efforts to recover stocks of Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. and steelhead O. mykiss in Pacific Northwest rivers is to increase passage efficacy and survival of juveniles past hydroelectric dams. As part of this effort, we evaluated the efficacy of a prototype surface bypass structure, the removable spillway weir (RSW), installed in a spillbay at Lower Granite Dam, Washington, on the Snake River during 2002, 2003, 2005, and 2006. Radio-tagged juvenile steelhead were released upstream from the dam and their route of passage through the turbines, juvenile bypass, spillway, or RSW was recorded. The RSW was operated in an on-or-off condition and passed 3–13% of the total discharge at the dam when it was on. Poisson rate models were fit to the passage counts of hatchery- and natural-origin juvenile steelhead to predict the probability of fish passing the dam. Main-effect predictor variables were RSW operation, diel period, day of the year, proportion of flow passed by the spillway, and total discharge at the dam. The combined fish passage through the RSW and spillway was 55–85% during the day and 37–61% during the night. The proportion of steelhead passing through nonturbine routes was <88% when the RSW was off during the day and increased to >95% when the RSW was on during the day. The ratio of the proportion of steelhead passed to the proportion of water passing the RSW was from 6.3:1 to 10.0:1 during the day and from 2.7:1 to 5.2:1 during the night. Steelhead passing through the RSW exited the tailrace about 15 min faster than fish passing through the spillway. Mark–recapture single-release survival estimates for steelhead passing the RSW ranged from 0.95 to 1.00. The RSW appeared to be an effective bypass structure compared with other routes of fish passage at the dam.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1080/02755947.2014.901256","usgsCitation":"Adams, N.S., Plumb, J.M., Perry, R.W., and Rondorf, D.W., 2014, Performance of a surface bypass structure to enhance juvenile steelhead passage and survival at Lower Granite Dam, Washington: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 34, no. 3, p. 576-594, https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2014.901256.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"576","endPage":"594","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-046409","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288826,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Lower Granite Dam, Snake River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.56,45.15 ], [ -119.56,47.04 ], [ -114.51,47.04 ], [ -114.51,45.15 ], [ -119.56,45.15 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"34","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae77a4e4b0abf75cf2c196","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adams, Noah S. 0000-0002-8354-0293 nadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8354-0293","contributorId":3521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Noah","email":"nadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plumb, John M. 0000-0003-4255-1612 jplumb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4255-1612","contributorId":3569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumb","given":"John","email":"jplumb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Perry, Russell W. 0000-0003-4110-8619 rperry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4110-8619","contributorId":2820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Russell","email":"rperry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rondorf, Dennis W. drondorf@usgs.gov","contributorId":2970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rondorf","given":"Dennis","email":"drondorf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70112920,"text":"70112920 - 2014 - The response of stream periphyton to Pacific salmon: using a model to understand the role of environmental context","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-18T13:43:10","indexId":"70112920","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-18T13:39:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The response of stream periphyton to Pacific salmon: using a model to understand the role of environmental context","docAbstract":"1. In stream ecosystems, Pacific salmon deliver subsidies of marine-derived nutrients and disturb the stream bed during spawning. The net effect of this nutrient subsidy and physical disturbance on biological communities can be hard to predict and is likely to be mediated by environmental conditions. For periphyton, empirical studies have revealed that the magnitude and direction of the response to salmon varies from one location to the next. Salmon appear to increase periphyton biomass and/or production in some contexts (a positive response), but decrease them in others (a negative response).
\n2. To reconcile these seemingly conflicting results, we constructed a system dynamics model that links periphyton biomass and production to salmon spawning. We used this model to explore how environmental conditions influence the periphyton response to salmon.
\n3. Our simulations suggest that the periphyton response to salmon is strongly mediated by both background nutrient concentrations and the proportion of the stream bed suitable for spawning. Positive periphyton responses occurred when both background nutrient concentrations were low (nutrient limiting conditions) and when little of the stream bed was suitable for spawning (because the substratum is too coarse). In contrast, negative responses occurred when nutrient concentrations were higher or a larger proportion of the bed was suitable for spawning.
\n4. Although periphyton biomass generally remained above or below background conditions for several months following spawning, periphyton production returned quickly to background values shortly afterwards. As a result, based upon our simulations, salmon did not greatly increase or decrease overall annual periphyton production. This suggests that any increase in production by fish or invertebrates in response to returning salmon is more likely to occur via direct consumption of salmon carcasses and/or eggs, rather than the indirect effects of greater periphyton production.
\n5. Overall, our simulations suggest that environmental factors need to be taken into account when considering the effects of spawning salmon on aquatic ecosystems. Our model offers researchers a framework for testing periphyton response to salmon across a range of conditions, which can be used to generate hypotheses, plan field experiments and guide data collection.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Freshwater Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/fwb.12356","usgsCitation":"Bellmore, J.R., Fremier, A., Mejia, F., and Newsom, M., 2014, The response of stream periphyton to Pacific salmon: using a model to understand the role of environmental context: Freshwater Biology, v. 59, no. 7, p. 1437-1451, https://doi.org/10.1111/fwb.12356.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1437","endPage":"1451","numberOfPages":"15","ipdsId":"IP-051251","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288822,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288801,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fwb.12356"}],"volume":"59","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-03-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7870e4b0abf75cf2d4e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bellmore, J. Ryan","contributorId":104790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bellmore","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ryan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fremier, Alexander K.","contributorId":104403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fremier","given":"Alexander K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mejia, Francine","contributorId":106804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mejia","given":"Francine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Newsom, Michael","contributorId":16753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newsom","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70112906,"text":"70112906 - 2014 - Mapping mountain pine beetle mortality through growth trend analysis of time-series landsat data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-18T13:37:34","indexId":"70112906","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-18T13:28:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3250,"text":"Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping mountain pine beetle mortality through growth trend analysis of time-series landsat data","docAbstract":"Disturbances are key processes in the carbon cycle of forests and other ecosystems. In recent decades, mountain pine beetle (MPB; Dendroctonus ponderosae) outbreaks have become more frequent and extensive in western North America. Remote sensing has the ability to fill the data gaps of long-term infestation monitoring, but the elimination of observational noise and attributing changes quantitatively are two main challenges in its effective application. Here, we present a forest growth trend analysis method that integrates Landsat temporal trajectories and decision tree techniques to derive annual forest disturbance maps over an 11-year period. The temporal trajectory component successfully captures the disturbance events as represented by spectral segments, whereas decision tree modeling efficiently recognizes and attributes events based upon the characteristics of the segments. Validated against a point set sampled across a gradient of MPB mortality, 86.74% to 94.00% overall accuracy was achieved with small variability in accuracy among years. In contrast, the overall accuracies of single-date classifications ranged from 37.20% to 75.20% and only become comparable with our approach when the training sample size was increased at least four-fold. This demonstrates that the advantages of this time series work flow exist in its small training sample size requirement. The easily understandable, interpretable and modifiable characteristics of our approach suggest that it could be applicable to other ecoregions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/rs6065696","usgsCitation":"Liang, L., Chen, Y., Hawbaker, T., Zhu, Z., and Gong, P., 2014, Mapping mountain pine beetle mortality through growth trend analysis of time-series landsat data: Remote Sensing, v. 6, no. 6, p. 5696-5716, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs6065696.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"5696","endPage":"5716","numberOfPages":"21","ipdsId":"IP-053363","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472932,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs6065696","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":288821,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288757,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs6065696"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Grand County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.666667,39.666667 ], [ -106.666667,40.333333 ], [ -105.666667,40.333333 ], [ -105.666667,39.666667 ], [ -106.666667,39.666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"6","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-06-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7773e4b0abf75cf2c133","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liang, Lu","contributorId":72714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liang","given":"Lu","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chen, Yanlei","contributorId":18276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"Yanlei","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hawbaker, Todd 0000-0003-0930-9154 tjhawbaker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0930-9154","contributorId":568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hawbaker","given":"Todd","email":"tjhawbaker@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":547,"text":"Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zhu, Zhi-Liang","contributorId":70726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Zhi-Liang","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gong, Peng","contributorId":102393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gong","given":"Peng","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70095563,"text":"sir20145032 - 2014 - Simulation of the effects of rainfall and groundwater use on historical lake water levels, groundwater levels, and spring flows in central Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-18T12:47:57","indexId":"sir20145032","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-18T12:42:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5032","title":"Simulation of the effects of rainfall and groundwater use on historical lake water levels, groundwater levels, and spring flows in central Florida","docAbstract":"The urbanization of central Florida has progressed substantially in recent decades, and the total population in Lake, Orange, Osceola, Polk, and Seminole Counties more than quadrupled from 1960 to 2010. The Floridan aquifer system is the primary source of water for potable, industrial, and agricultural purposes in central Florida. Despite increases in groundwater withdrawals to meet the demand of population growth, recharge derived by infiltration of rainfall in the well-drained karst terrain of central Florida is the largest component of the long-term water balance of the Floridan aquifer system. To complement existing physics-based groundwater flow models, artificial neural networks and other data-mining techniques were used to simulate historical lake water level, groundwater level, and spring flow at sites throughout the area.
\nHistorical data were examined using descriptive statistics, cluster analysis, and other exploratory analysis techniques to assess their suitability for more intensive data-mining analysis. Linear trend analyses of meteorological data collected by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration at 21 sites indicate 67 percent of sites exhibited upward trends in air temperature over at least a 45-year period of record, whereas 76 percent exhibited downward trends in rainfall over at least a 95-year period of record. Likewise, linear trend analyses of hydrologic response data, which have varied periods of record ranging in length from 10 to 79 years, indicate that water levels in lakes (307 sites) were about evenly split between upward and downward trends, whereas water levels in 69 percent of wells (out of 455 sites) and flows in 68 percent of springs (out of 19 sites) exhibited downward trends. Total groundwater use in the study area increased from about 250 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) in 1958 to about 590 Mgal/d in 1980 and remained relatively stable from 1981 to 2008, with a minimum of 559 Mgal/d in 1994 and a maximum of 773 Mgal/d in 2000. The change in groundwater-use trend in the early 1980s and the following period of relatively slight trend is attributable to the concomitant effects of increasing public-supply withdrawals and decreasing use of water by the phosphate industry and agriculture.
\nOn the basis of available historical data and exploratory analyses, empirical lake water-level, groundwater-level, and spring-flow models were developed for 22 lakes, 23 wells, and 6 springs. Input time series consisting of various frequencies and frequency-band components of daily rainfall (1942 to 2008) and monthly total groundwater use (1957 to 2008) resulted in hybrid signal-decomposition artificial neural network models. The final models explained much of the variability in observed hydrologic data, with 43 of the 51 sites having coefficients of determination exceeding 0.6, and the models matched the magnitude of the observed data reasonably well, such that models for 32 of the 51 sites had root-mean-square errors less than 10 percent of the measured range of the data. The Central Florida Artificial Neural Network Decision Support System was developed to integrate historical databases and the 102 site-specific artificial neural network models, model controls, and model output into a spreadsheet application with a graphical user interface that allows the user to simulate scenarios of interest.
\nOverall, the data-mining analyses indicate that the Floridan aquifer system in central Florida is a highly conductive, dynamic, open system that is strongly influenced by external forcing. The most important external forcing appears to be rainfall, which explains much of the multiyear cyclic variability and long-term downward trends observed in lake water levels, groundwater levels, and spring flows. For most sites, groundwater use explains less of the observed variability in water levels and flows than rainfall. Relative groundwater-use impacts are greater during droughts, however, and long-term trends in water levels and flows were identified that are consistent with historical groundwater-use patterns. The sensitivity of the hydrologic system to rainfall is expected, owing to the well-drained karst terrain and relatively thin confinement of the Floridan aquifer system in much of central Florida. These characteristics facilitate the relatively rapid transmission of infiltrating water from rainfall to the water table and contribute to downward leakage of water to the Floridan aquifer system. The areally distributed nature of rainfall, as opposed to the site-specific nature of groundwater use, and the generally high transmissivity and low storativity properties of the semiconfined Floridan aquifer system contribute to the prevalence of water-level and flow patterns that mimic rainfall patterns. In general, the data-mining analyses demonstrate that the hydrologic system in central Florida is affected by groundwater use differently during wet periods, when little or no system storage is available (high water levels), compared to dry periods, when there is excess system storage (low water levels). Thus, by driving the overall behavior of the system, rainfall indirectly influences the degree to which groundwater use will effect persistent trends in water levels and flows, with groundwater-use impacts more prevalent during periods of low water levels and spring flows caused by low rainfall and less prevalent during periods of high water levels and spring flows caused by high rainfall. Differences in the magnitudes of rainfall and groundwater use during wet and dry periods also are important determinants of hydrologic response.
\nAn important implication of the data-mining analyses is that rainfall variability at subannual to multidecadal timescales must be considered in combination with groundwater use to provide robust system-response predictions that enhance sustainable resource management in an open karst aquifer system. The data-driven approach was limited, however, by the confounding effects of correlation between rainfall and groundwater use, the quality and completeness of the historical databases, and the spatial variations in groundwater use. The data-mining analyses indicate that available historical data when used alone do not contain sufficient information to definitively quantify the related individual effects of rainfall and groundwater use on hydrologic response. The knowledge gained from data-driven modeling and the results from physics-based modeling, when compared and used in combination, can yield a more comprehensive assessment and a more robust understanding of the hydrologic system than either of the approaches used separately.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145032","issn":"2328-0328","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the St. Johns River Water Management District, Southwest Florida Water Management District, and South Florida Water Management District","usgsCitation":"O’Reilly, A.M., Roehl, E.A., Conrads, P., Daamen, R.C., and Petkewich, M.D., 2014, Simulation of the effects of rainfall and groundwater use on historical lake water levels, groundwater levels, and spring flows in central Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5032, Report: xi, 153 p.; Appendix 1: ZIP; Appendix 2: XLSX; Appendix 3: PDF; Appendix 6: ZIP; Appendix 7: XLSX, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145032.","productDescription":"Report: xi, 153 p.; Appendix 1: ZIP; Appendix 2: XLSX; Appendix 3: PDF; Appendix 6: ZIP; Appendix 7: XLSX","numberOfPages":"169","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-049051","costCenters":[{"id":285,"text":"Florida Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288816,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145032.jpg"},{"id":288811,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5032/appendix/sir2014-5032_appendix1-v2.5.zip"},{"id":288812,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5032/appendix/sir2014-5032_appendix2-gudv.xlsx"},{"id":288809,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5032/"},{"id":288810,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5032/pdf/sir2014-5032.pdf"},{"id":288813,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5032/appendix/sir2014-5032_appendix3_tableA3-1.pdf"},{"id":288814,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5032/appendix/sir2014-5032_appendix6-cfann-dss20120924.zip"},{"id":288815,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5032/appendix/sir2014-5032_appendix7-mdv.xlsx"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82.0,28.0 ], [ -82.0,29.0 ], [ -81.0,29.0 ], [ -81.0,28.0 ], [ -82.0,28.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae782ce4b0abf75cf2ccb3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Reilly, Andrew M. 0000-0003-3220-1248 aoreilly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3220-1248","contributorId":2184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Reilly","given":"Andrew","email":"aoreilly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5051,"text":"FLWSC-Orlando","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roehl, Edwin A. Jr.","contributorId":108083,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roehl","given":"Edwin","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conrads, Paul 0000-0003-0408-4208 pconrads@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0408-4208","contributorId":764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrads","given":"Paul","email":"pconrads@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":491296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Daamen, Ruby C.","contributorId":105391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daamen","given":"Ruby","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Petkewich, Matthew D. 0000-0002-5749-6356 mdpetkew@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5749-6356","contributorId":982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petkewich","given":"Matthew","email":"mdpetkew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70127576,"text":"70127576 - 2014 - PAH concentrations in lake sediment decline following ban on coal-tar-based pavement sealants in Austin, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-22T16:09:58.492334","indexId":"70127576","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-18T12:32:29","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"PAH concentrations in lake sediment decline following ban on coal-tar-based pavement sealants in Austin, Texas","docAbstract":"Recent studies have concluded that coal-tar-based pavement sealants are a major source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban settings in large parts of the United States. In 2006, Austin, TX, became the first jurisdiction in the U.S. to ban the use of coal-tar sealants. We evaluated the effect of Austin’s ban by analyzing PAHs in sediment cores and bottom-sediment samples collected in 1998, 2000, 2001, 2012, and 2014 from Lady Bird Lake, the principal receiving water body for Austin urban runoff. The sum concentration of the 16 EPA Priority Pollutant PAHs (∑PAH16) in dated core intervals and surficial bottom-sediment samples collected from sites in the lower lake declined about 44% from 1998–2005 to 2006–2014 (means of 7980 and 4500 μg kg–1, respectively), and by 2012–2014, the decline was about 58% (mean of 3320 μg kg–1). Concentrations of ∑PAH16 in bottom sediment from two of three mid-lake sites decreased by about 71 and 35% from 2001 to 2014. Concentrations at a third site increased by about 14% from 2001 to 2014. The decreases since 2006 reverse a 40-year (1959–1998) upward trend. Despite declines in PAH concentrations, PAH profiles and source-receptor modeling results indicate that coal-tar sealants remain the largest PAH source to the lake, implying that PAH concentrations likely will continue to decline as stocks of previously applied sealant gradually become depleted.","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","publisherLocation":"Easton, PA","doi":"10.1021/es405691q","usgsCitation":"Van Metre, P., and Mahler, B., 2014, PAH concentrations in lake sediment decline following ban on coal-tar-based pavement sealants in Austin, Texas: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 48, no. 13, p. 7222-7228, https://doi.org/10.1021/es405691q.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"7222","endPage":"7228","numberOfPages":"7","ipdsId":"IP-052479","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294646,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Austin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.938383,30.098659 ], [ -97.938383,30.516863 ], [ -97.56842,30.516863 ], [ -97.56842,30.098659 ], [ -97.938383,30.098659 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"48","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-06-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542bc644e4b0abfb4c809879","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Metre, Peter C.","contributorId":34104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Metre","given":"Peter C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mahler, Barbara 0000-0002-9150-9552 bjmahler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9150-9552","contributorId":1249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahler","given":"Barbara","email":"bjmahler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70189606,"text":"70189606 - 2014 - Analysis of induced seismicity in geothermal reservoirs – An overview","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-19T10:03:10","indexId":"70189606","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1828,"text":"Geothermics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of induced seismicity in geothermal reservoirs – An overview","docAbstract":"In this overview we report results of analysing induced seismicity in geothermal reservoirs in various tectonic settings within the framework of the European Geothermal Engineering Integrating Mitigation of Induced Seismicity in Reservoirs (GEISER) project. In the reconnaissance phase of a field, the subsurface fault mapping, in situ stress and the seismic network are of primary interest in order to help assess the geothermal resource. The hypocentres of the observed seismic events (seismic cloud) are dependent on the design of the installed network, the used velocity model and the applied location technique. During the stimulation phase, the attention is turned to reservoir hydraulics (e.g., fluid pressure, injection volume) and its relation to larger magnitude seismic events, their source characteristics and occurrence in space and time. A change in isotropic components of the full waveform moment tensor is observed for events close to the injection well (tensile character) as compared to events further away from the injection well (shear character). Tensile events coincide with high Gutenberg-Richter b-values and low Brune stress drop values. The stress regime in the reservoir controls the direction of the fracture growth at depth, as indicated by the extent of the seismic cloud detected. Stress magnitudes are important in multiple stimulation of wells, where little or no seismicity is observed until the previous maximum stress level is exceeded (Kaiser Effect). Prior to drilling, obtaining a 3D P-wave (Vp) and S-wave velocity (Vs) model down to reservoir depth is recommended. In the stimulation phase, we recommend to monitor and to locate seismicity with high precision (decametre) in real-time and to perform local 4D tomography for velocity ratio (Vp/Vs). During exploitation, one should use observed and model induced seismicity to forward estimate seismic hazard so that field operators are in a position to adjust well hydraulics (rate and volume of the fluid injected) when induced events start to occur far away from the boundary of the seismic cloud.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2014.06.005","usgsCitation":"Zang, A., Oye, V., Jousset, P., Deichmann, N., Gritto, R., McGarr, A.F., Majer, E., and Bruhn, D., 2014, Analysis of induced seismicity in geothermal reservoirs – An overview: Geothermics, v. 52, p. 6-21, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2014.06.005.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"6","endPage":"21","ipdsId":"IP-057945","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472933,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://gfzpublic.gfz-potsdam.de/pubman/item/item_455903","text":"External Repository"},{"id":344025,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59706fbce4b0d1f9f065a8f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zang, Arno","contributorId":194794,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zang","given":"Arno","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oye, Volker","contributorId":194795,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oye","given":"Volker","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jousset, Philippe","contributorId":194796,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jousset","given":"Philippe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Deichmann, Nicholas","contributorId":194797,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Deichmann","given":"Nicholas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gritto, Roland","contributorId":194798,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gritto","given":"Roland","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McGarr, Arthur F. 0000-0001-9769-4093 mcgarr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9769-4093","contributorId":3178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGarr","given":"Arthur","email":"mcgarr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Majer, Ernest","contributorId":139408,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Majer","given":"Ernest","affiliations":[{"id":6670,"text":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":705394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bruhn, David","contributorId":194799,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bruhn","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70189901,"text":"70189901 - 2014 - Variability common to global sea surface temperatures and runoff in the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-04T10:26:20","indexId":"70189901","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2344,"text":"Journal of Hydrometeorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variability common to global sea surface temperatures and runoff in the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"Singular value decomposition (SVD) is used to identify the variability common to global sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and water-balance-modeled water-year (WY) runoff in the conterminous United States (CONUS) for the 1900–2012 period. Two modes were identified from the SVD analysis; the two modes explain 25% of the variability in WY runoff and 33% of the variability in WY SSTs. The first SVD mode reflects the variability of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the SST data and the hydroclimatic effects of ENSO on WY runoff in the CONUS. The second SVD mode is related to variability of the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO). An interesting aspect of these results is that both ENSO and AMO appear to have nearly equivalent effects on runoff variability in the CONUS. However, the relatively small amount of variance explained by the SVD analysis indicates that there is little covariation between runoff and SSTs, suggesting that SSTs may not be a viable predictor of runoff variability for most of the conterminous United States.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/JHM-D-13-097.1","usgsCitation":"McCabe, G., and Wolock, D.M., 2014, Variability common to global sea surface temperatures and runoff in the conterminous United States: Journal of Hydrometeorology, v. 15, p. 714-725, https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-13-097.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"714","endPage":"725","ipdsId":"IP-051813","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472934,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-13-097.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":344586,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}\n","volume":"15","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59858809e4b05ba66e9ea2aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCabe, Gregory J. 0000-0002-9258-2997 gmccabe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-2997","contributorId":167116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"Gregory J.","email":"gmccabe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":706688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolock, David M. 0000-0002-6209-938X dwolock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"David","email":"dwolock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70154769,"text":"70154769 - 2014 - Reproductive ecology of lampreys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-08T15:28:44","indexId":"70154769","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Reproductive ecology of lampreys","docAbstract":"Lampreys typically spawn in riffle habitats during the spring. Spawning activity and diel (i.e., during daylight and at night) behavioral patterns are initiated when spring water temperatures increase to levels that coincide with optimal embryologic development. Nests are constructed in gravel substrate using the oral disc to move stones and the tail to fan sediment out of the nest. Spawning habitat used by individual species is generally a function of adult size, where small-bodied species construct nests in shallower water with slower flow and smaller gravel than large-bodied species. The mating system of lampreys is primarily polygynandrous (i.e., where multiple males mate with multiple females). Lamprey species with adult total length less than 30 cm generally spawn communally, where a nest may contain 20 or more individuals of both sexes. Lamprey species with adult sizes greater than 35 cm generally spawn in groups of two to four. Operational sex ratios of lampreys are highly variable across species, populations, and time, but are generally male biased. The act of spawning typically starts with the male attaching with his oral disc to the back of the female’s head; the male and female then entwine and simultaneously release gametes. However, alternative mating behaviors (e.g., release of gametes without paired courtship and sneaker males) have been observed. Future research should determine how multiple modalities of communication among lampreys (including mating pheromones) are integrated to inform species recognition and mate choice. Such research could inform both sea lamprey control strategies and provide insight into possible evolution of reproductive isolation mechanisms between paired lamprey species in sympatry.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Lampreys: Biology, Conservation and Control","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Dordrecht","doi":"10.1007/978-94-017-9306-3_6","isbn":"978-94-017-9306-3","usgsCitation":"Johnson, N., Buchinger, T.J., and Li, W., 2014, Reproductive ecology of lampreys, chap. of Lampreys: Biology, Conservation and Control, p. 265-303, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9306-3_6.","productDescription":"39 p.","startPage":"265","endPage":"303","ipdsId":"IP-028159","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340956,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-11-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591183b7e4b0e541a03c1a74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Nicholas S. njohnson@usgs.gov","contributorId":145449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Nicholas S.","email":"njohnson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":564068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buchinger, Tyler J.","contributorId":40508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchinger","given":"Tyler","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Li, Weiming","contributorId":65440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Weiming","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ]}